ORTHOPAEDIC INJURIES

SKULL

A) Parietal / Temporal / Frontal / Occipital/ Spenoid Min: RM 12,000 Max: RM 18,000

bone or base of skull
* Right Temporal Subdural Haemorrhage and Right Parietal Subdural subarachnoid haemorrhage
RM20,000 Anazil bin Nordin v Mohd Zaidy bin Rahmat & Anor [2018] 1 PIR [14], SC

* Fracture of the left temporal bone

RM15,000 Kamarul Sham bin Awang v Muhammad Zulhelmi bin Hasni & Anor [2017] 1 PIR[24]

* Fracture of the right temporal bone

RM10,000 Abdul Rashid bin Mohamed Hussain v Zulkifli bin Othman [2016] 1 PIR [29], mc

* Right temporal bone fracture with right temporoparietal subdural haemorrhage

RM12,000 Mohd Roslan bin Abdul Razak (seorang budak dibawah umur mendakwa melalui
wakil litigasi dan ibunya, Rokiah Bebee binti Pitchay, plaintif kedua) & Anor v
Jagathisan a/l Arumugam [2017] 2 PIR [9], SC.

* Frontal bone fracture

RM17,000 Halimi bin Ahmad v Jothi Lingam a/l Radhakrishnan & Anor [2018] 1 PIR [4], SC
RM15,000 Noor Azliawathy binti Romali v Muhammad Naim bin Othman & Anor [2015] 1 PIR
[44], mc
RM15,000 Muhammad Alif Farhan b Haris v Sivakumar a/l Rahman (Wakil Diri Kepada Harta
Pusaka Si Mati, Gurvinder Singh a/l Jasbant Singh & Anor – Third Parties) [2021] 2
PIR [38],mc

* Cerebral concussion with multiple skull fractures - left temporal bone fracture, medial and
lateral orbital wall fractures with base of skull fracture and left greater wing of sphenoid
fracture.
RM55,000 Wan Anas Hamizan b Wan Adnan & Anor v Mohd Zamri b Sa’ari & Anor [2019] 1
PIR [30], sc

* Fracture of the bilateral pterygoid plates, ethmoidal bone fracture and comminuted fracture of
the right supraorbital ridge, bilateral cribriform plates, lamina papyracea floor and greater wing
of the sphenoid bones.
RM20,000 Mohamad Azizul Hakim b Pilus v Salim b Saad [2019] 1 PIR [24], sc

* 3 cm x 3 cm swelling over the left parietal region, 3 cm x 2 cm laceration wound over the left
forehead, multiple abrasion wounds over both hands and 33 cm right frontotemporoparietal
reverse question mark surgical scar
RM12,000 Mohd Syukor b Mohd Rasip v Nur Diana bt Ismail & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [3],sc

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B) Any of these fractures requiring a cranioplasty Min: RM 18,000 Max: RM 30,000
* Skull fractures – fracture of the mastoid temporal extending to the right lamboid suture resulting
in mild sutural diastasis and extension of the fracture into the right parietal bone
RM30,000 Arshad bin Sallah v Mohan a/l Selvakumar [2018] 1 PIR [2], sc

* Fracture of the cranial vault with pneumocranium and traumatic brain injury with subdural
haemorrhage
RM40,000 Mohammad Shahrul Edry bin Mohd Darus (seorang kanak-kanak yang menuntut
melalui bapa dan sahabat wakilnya, Mohd Darus bin Adam) & Anor v Sharmilliah
binti Mohammad [2016] 2 PIR [7], sc

C) Mastoid and/or styloid processes Min: RM 9,000 Max: RM 14,000

* Fracture of the right mastoid temporal extending to the right lamboid suture resulting in mild
sutural diastasis and extension of the said fracture into the right parietal bone
RM30,000 Arshad bin Sallah v Mohan a/l Selvakumar [2018] 1 PIR [2], sc

* Right temporal bone fracture extending to mastoid with mild right sensorineural hearing loss
RM20,000 Mohd Fikri bin AB Ghani (seorang yang tidak waras pemikiran dari segi perubatan
(a person of unsound mind not so found by inquisition) bertindak melalui wakil
litigasinya, Norazmah binti Hussain) v Choong Leng Leng & Anor [2015] 1 PIR [66],
sc

* Longitudinal fracture of the right temporal and mastoid bone, right ear bleed with blood clot in
the ear canal and loss consciousness (Glasgow coma score of 6/15)
RM45,000 Kalthum binti Ahmad & Anor v Harini bin Hamzah & Anor [2016] 1 PIR [3],sc

* Fracture of the skull – fracture of the right mastoid temporal extending to the right lamboid
suture resulting in mild sutural diastasis and extension of the said fracture into the right parietal
bone
RM30,000 Arshad bin Salleh v Mohan a/l Selvakumar [2017] 1 PIR [48], sc

D) Multiple skull bone fractures Min: RM 0 Max: RM 100,000

* Multiple skull bone fractures
RM100,000 Wan Widad Aufa bt Wan Halim v Venu a/l Sivasamy & 2 Ors [2020] 1 PIR [10], sc

* Multiple skull fractures (left temporal bone fracture, medial and lateral orbital wall fractures
with base of skull fracture and left greater wing of sphenoid fracture) with cerebral concussion
RM55,000 Wan Anas Hamizan b Wan Adnan & Anor v Mohd Zamri b Sa’ari & Anor [2019] 1
PIR [30], sc

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3
HEAD INJURY

A) MILD HEAD INJURY

* Mild head injury with mild parietal traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage (without significant
disabilities)
RM10,000 Asu Sagayan a/l Kuppusami v Jamalullail bin Mohamed Radzi & Anor [2018] 1
PIR[3], sc

* Mild head injury with loss of consciousness and retrograde amnesia

RM20,000 Mohan a/l Subramaniam v Azlan Shah bin Sarip @ Sharif & Anor [2019] 1 PIR [4], sc

* Mild traumatic head injury

RM45,000 Badrul Adli bin Yusri (mendakwa melalui bapa dan sahabat wakilnya, Yusri bin
Zainon) & Anor v Wakil Peribadi Kepada Abu Mansor bin Mat Zin (si mati) & Anor
[2019] 1 PIR [11], mc

* Thin subdural bleed along the interhemispheric tissue with mild head injury
RM50,000 Au Sew Fon v Jason Yeoh Jin Kheng & 6 Ors [2019] 1 PIR [47], sc

* Mild head injury with diffuse axonal injury. (The plaintiff as a result suffers from mild minor
neurocognitive disorder, memory impairment, mood affective disorder, impaired concentration,
major depressive disorder and poor social functioning and performance)
RM150,000 Nor Farida bt Khalid v Muhammad Hamidi b Shahadan & Anor (Mohd Nasrul b
Ramlan & Anor – Third Parties) [2020] 1 PIR [48], sc

* Head Injury – subdural haemorrhage at the interhemispheric fissure, left parietal lobe and
both vertex with risk of future epilepsy
RM25,000 Sia Bee Chin (menuntut sebagai emak dan orang tanggungan yang sah kepada Tew
Zhi Qing (si mati) dan bagi orangorang tanggungan yang lain) & 2 Ors v Chin Chow
Leong & 2 Ors [2020] 1 PIR [49], sc

* Head injury – loss of consciousness, mild head injury, right frontal bone fracture, cerebral
concussion, bilateral anosmia and subtleties of taste sensation, sensory impairment over the
scalp, laceration wound and scars
RM100,000 Thevan a/l Sugumaran v Mujahid b Mohd Saad [2019] 1 PIR [18], sc
(global)

* Head injury with punctate haemorrhage

RM25,000 Alwee Alywin b Azlim v Muhammad Shahid b Mohd Toha [2020] 2 PIR [33], HC

* Intracranial bleed – small contusional bleed (Note: The High Court deducted 15% from the
total general damages awarded) [2021] 1 PIR [1]
RM13,000 Siti Selmi bt Sayut menuntut sebagai wakil diri harta pesaka Sahrul Nizam b Kamal,
si mati) v Abdul Wahid b Muhammad Rozali & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [7], sc

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* Intracranial bleeding (healed with no disabilities)
RM10,000 Purubakaran a/l Sandran v Mohammad Benjamin b Ahmad Faizal 7 2 Ors [2021] 1
PIR [19], sc

* Loss of hair
RM10,000 Mohd Rashidi b Abdul Rahman & 3 Ors v Mohamad Tarmizi b Zahari [2021] 2 PIR
[57], HC

B) MODERATE HEAD INJURY

* Moderate head injury
RM42,000 Muhamad Nur Helmey bin Mohd Surah v Mohamad Syahamirul Aizat bin Mohd Ali
& Anor [2016] 1 PIR [66], sc
RM45,000 Kathir Gamman a/l Michael v Omar anak Lengkis [2018] 1 PIR [18], sc

* Moderately severe head injury – (L) frontotemporo parietal subdural haemorrhage

RM120,000 Mohd Fikri bin AB Ghani (seorang yang tidak waras pemikiran dari segi perubatan
(a person of unsound mind not so found by inquisition) bertindak melalui wakil
litigasinya, Norazmah binti Hussain) v Choong Leng Leng & Anor [2015] 1 PIR [66],
sc

* Longitudinal fracture of the right temporal and mastoid bone, right ear bleed with blood clot in
the ear canal and loss consciousness (Glasgow coma score of 6/15)
RM45,000 Kalthum binti Ahmad & Anor v Harini bin Hamzah & Anor [2016] 1 PIR [3],sc

* Moderately severe head injury – (L) frontotemporo parietal subdural haemorrhage

RM120,000 Nor Akmal bin Jamil ( seorang kanak-kanak di bawah umur yang membawa
tuntutan melalui wakil litigasinya, Jamil bin Din) v Muhammad Faiz bin Isa & Anor
[2016] 1 PIR [11], sc

* Moderate head injury with skull fracture and intracranial bleeding of the subdural and
intraparenchymal types.
RM100,000 Safwan Syafi bin Abdul Latife v Tan Tee Koon [2017] 2 PIR [42], sc.

* Head injury – sensory impairment over the scalp, mild head injury, right frontal bone fracture,
cerebral concussion, and loss of consciousness, bilateral anosmia and subtleties of taste
sensation, laceration wound and scars.
RM100,000 Thevan a/l Sugumaran v Mujahid bin Mohd Saad [2019] 1 PIR [11], mc
(global)

* Head injury – Glasgow coma score of 9/15, intracranial bleeding (extradural, subdural and
subarachnoid haemorrhage) with pnuemocranium and intubated and feeding through a Ryle
tube.
RM80,000 Safwan Syafi bin Abdul Latife v Tan Tee Koon [2017] 2 PIR [42], sc.

* Head injury – Glasgow coma score of 6/15 and bilateral frontal lobe traumatic
encephalomalacia (Note : the plaintiff as a result suffers from post concussion syndrome, 5% risk

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of epileptic fits throughout life, no orientation to day and date and psychological and
behavioural disturbance)
RM50,000 Sathiswaran a/l Muniandy v Kartheegesu a/l Chalavn & Anor (Surenthar a/l
Chelliah – Third Party) (and 2 Other Summonses) [2020] 1 PIR [18], sc

* Traumatic head injury with Glasgow coma score of 6/15. Note:

1. The plaintiff as a result suffers from post traumatic seizures, impared hearing over the
left ear, post traumatic amnesia, retrograde amnesia, short term memory impairment,
long term memory impairment, impared concentration, mood affective disorder,
insomnia, headache and lethargy.
2. Sessions Court had initially awarded RM150,000 for this injury [2021] 1 PIR [4]

RM130,000 Weng Yew Min v Muhammad Zahier b Rahmat (and Anotehr Appeal) [2021] 1 PIR
[2], HC

* Head injury with punctate haemorrhage

RM40,000 Muhammad Shahid b Mohd Toha v Alwee Alywin b Azlim [2020] 2 PIR [40],sc

* Moderate head injury – Brain injury, cerebral concussion, fracture of the left parietal bone
extending to the left temporal bone and intracranial haemorrhage
RM100,000 Krishnamoorthy a/l Potharajoo v Ahmad Syamil b Zamri (Nagendran a/l
(global) Subramaniam – Third Party)

C) SEVERE HEAD INJURY

* Severe head injury with bilateral frontal subdural haemorrhage and cerebral oedoma.
RM350,000 Zaiton bt Basirun & Anor v Fadlisham Husni bin Abdullah Sani [2019] 1 PIR [10], sc

* Severe head injury with severe contusion of the left frontoparietal lobes
RM200,000 Siti Halijah binti Syed Kamaruddin & Anor v Wan Safaree bin Mohd Zainudin & 2
Ors [2018] 1 PIR [50], sc

* Severe head injury with skull fracture

RM50,000 Tengku Muhammad Hidayatullah bin Tengku Amran (seorang yang belum dewasa
yang menuntut melalui ibunya, Hamaaiza binti Kamaruddin, sebagai wakil litigasi
beliau) v Muhammad Syakir bin Ab Wahab (Hamiza binti Kamaruddin & Anor –
Third Parties) [ 2015] 1 PIR [26], sc

* Severe cerebral concussion, fracture of skull, subdural haematoma, brain contusion and brain
damage.
RM80,000 Ooi Say Cheng v Rahmat Hidayat bin Dahnizar [2015] 1 PIR [24], sc

* Undisplaced fracture base of the skull (mainly involving the anterior base of skull), severe head
injury (multiple frontal bone fractures with bifrontal haemorrhagic contusion and acute
subarachnoid haemorrhage), multiple and severe facial bone fractures and bilateral periorbital
haematoma.
RM60,000 Mohamad Zamzami b Zakaria v Muhammad Azarudin Mahizan b Azizan & Anor
[2019] 1 PIR [59], sc

6
* Severe head injury – cerebral concussion with Glasgow coma score of 3/15 and facial
asymmetry (paralysis of the left side of the face)
RM300,000 Tan Teik Boo v Mohammad Zaini b Kamaludin [2019] 1 PIR [53], sc

* Severe head injury with right parietal-occipital subarachnoid haemorrhage, LOC and GCS of
3/15 [Note: Pf as a result suffered psychiatric disorder
RM200,000 Mohd Shariff bin Jamin v Mohd Khaizal bin Salleh Zaabar [2019] 2 PIR [57], sc

* Severe head injury with skull fracture, intracranial bleeding of subdural types, loss of
consciousness with Glasgow coma score of 8/15 and subdural haemorrhage in the temporal
region
RM120,000 Khairulanwar bin Hamid ( seorang kanak-kanak yang belum dewasa mendakwa
melalui sahabat wakil dan bapanya yang sah iaitu Hamid bin Sukardi) v Ganeswari
a/p Muniyandi & Anor [2020] 1 PIR [6], sc

* Severe traumatic brain injury with multiple intracranial bleeding. (Note: The plaintiff as a
result is in a persistent vegetative state and is dependent on others for activities of daily living
and suffers from whole person impairment of 100% physical and cognitive impairments, post
traumatic seizure and epilepsy.
RM400,000 Mohamad Sazwan Faiz b Roslan (minor) (suing by his mother and legal
representative Nooraisiah bt Ahmad) v Januri b Salim [2020] 1 PIR [57], sc

* Severe traumatic brain injury with multiple subarachnoid bleed (Note: The plaintiff as a result
is in a persistent vegetative state and is paralysed, bedridden and unable to communicate.
RM400,000 Noraini bt Sukur v Liau Sin Yong & Anor [2020] 1 PIR [58], sc

* Paraparesis, burst fractures of T9 and transverse process fracture of T10 with disabilities
RM150,000 Param Anand a/l Murugesu v Radhakrishnan a/l Sathasivam [2020] 1 PIR [38],sc

* Severe head injury, right temporal bone fracture and left temporoparietal injury
RM100,000 Mohd Farhan Azizan b Adnan v Teo Bee Leng [2020] 2 PIR [9],sc

* Head injury – right temporal bone fracture, right lamina papyracea fracture, right
frontotemporal parietal extradural haemorrhage and interhemispheric haemorrhage with
midline shift and mass effect
RM120,000 Muhammad Aqkim b Anuar (seorang kanak-kanak mendakwa melalui ibunya atau
sahabat wakil, Fatimah bt Yasin) & Anor v Sahrul b Muhamad & 2 Ors [2020] 2 PIR
[39], sc

* Severe traumatic brain injury (Glasgow coma score of 7/15) with loss of consciousness and left
temporoparietal extradural haemorrhage
RM70,000 Muhammad Shafiq Shazwan b Jameri v Azmi b Ibrahim [2021] 1 PIR [48] , sc

* Severe head injuries – right parietal extradural haemorrahage with mass effect, right parietal
skull fracture, intraventricular bleeding, Glasgow coma score of 8/15 and left frontal
subarachnoid haemorrhage (Note: The plaintiff as a result suffers from retrograde and post
traumatic amnesia, memory impairment and behavorial changes)
RM150,000 Muhammad Shafiq Shazwan b Jameri v Azmi b Ibrahim [2021] 1 PIR [48] , sc

7
* Fracture of the occipital bone extending to the occipital protuberance and right occipital
condyle
RM200,000 Satesh Kumar a/l Johnson (seorang yang kurang upaya yang mendakwa melalui
ibu yang sah dan wakil litigasinya, plaintif kedua) & Anor v Aminuddin b Mohd
Zain & 2 Ors [2021] 1 PIR [59], sc

* Severe head injury resulting in persistent vegetative state

RM350,000 Salenordin b Nan & Anor v Elia Suliati bt Mohd Isa & Anor [2021] 2 PIR [18],sc

* Severe traumatic brain injury with left frontal extradural haemorrhage resulting in a persistent
vegetative state (Note: As the deceased had passed away on August 28, 2020, about 14 months
after the date of the accident)
RM400,000 Salwa bt Masi (suing as dependant and administratrix of the estate of Fardarin b
Sunan (deceased) pursuant to sections 7 & 8 of the Civil Law Act 1956) & Anor v
Alvian Sipatau & Anor [2021] 2 PIR [30],sc

* Traumatic brain injury with bifrontal contusion bleed, multiple skull fractures, multiple skull
fractures, multiple facial fractures and loss of consciousness
RM75,000 Norhasyidan b Mohd Nor @ Mohamad Hazani v Mohd Ridhwan b Asmara & 2 Ors
[2021] 2 PIR [39],sc

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FACIAL BONES

A) Mandible Min: RM 14,500 Max: RM 30,000

* Closed Fracture of the left mandible
RM15,000 Abdullah bin Sulaiman v Mazuan bin Shamsudin & Anor [2017] 2 PIR [14], SC

* Fracture of the left parasymphysis mandible – Facial bone deformity with facial disfigurement
RM20,000 Chei Chian Seong v Woon Sow Ming & Anor [2017] 2 PIR 57, SC

* Facial bone fractures and head injury – fracture symphysis of the mandible, right zygomatic
complex fracture, right frontal bone fracture, right supra and infraorbital margin fracture and
left supraorbital fracture.
RM55,000 Farhad Ali v Wakil Diri kepada Harta Pusaka Si Mati, Muhammad Lufthi bin Mohd
Kholid & Anor [2018] 2 PIR [37], sc

* Fracture of the “right infraorbital continue to zygomatic buttress” (sensitivity when chewing).
RM20,000 Long Abdul Rahman b Mohd Faizi v Mohd Elmi b Ismail & Anor [2019] 1 PIR [38], mc

* Face injury – left ramus mandible fracture, fracture of the anterior and medial wall of the right
and left maxillary sinuses, Le Fort III fracture of the right lateral, inferior and medial orbital wall,
left facial nerve weakness and left zygomatic complex fracture.
RM100,000 Raja Gobal a/l Muniandy v Selvarajoo a/l Iyavoo & Anor [2019] 1 PIR [51], sc

* Bilateral zygomatic complex fracture

RM25,000 Nor Farida bt Khalid v Muhamad Hamidi b Shahadan & Anor (Mohd Nasrul b
Ramlan & Anor – Third Parties) [2020] 1 PIR [48], sc

* Fractures body and symphysis of the left mandible

RM25,000 Nursuhaila bt Shukuri & Anor v Muhamad Hafizuddin b Muhamad Rodhy & Anor
[2020] 2 PIR [30], sc

* Fracture of the mandible

RM20,000 Akhtar Hussain v Murnita bt Md Tulkapi [2021] 1 PIR [34], sc

* Right angle of mandible fracture, left parasymphysis fracture, right maxillary sinus wall
fracture and fracture of the right zygomatic bone. Note:
1. The plaintiff as a result suffers from facial asymmetry with falttened right face indicating
malunion of the fractures, shifted and deviated chin at midpoint to the left side, ability
to open jaw only up to 25 mm, recurrent nasal discharge and pain in the right maxillary
sinusitis, reduced proprioceptive stimulus over the right lower lip, cheek and chin with
resultant reduction in motor activities, reduced blowing efiiciency and asymmetry of the
lip at midline, reduced sensation over the right lower lip and chin regions and recurrent
pain over the fracture fixatures sites indicating foreign body inflammatory reaction to
metallic implants.
2. The Sessions Court had initially awarded RM100,000 for this injury [2021] 1 PIR [4]
RM70,000 Weng Yew Min v Muhammad Zahier b Rahmat (and Another Appeal) [2021] 1 PIR
[2], HC

9
* Fracture of the parasymphysis and fracture right angle of the mandible
RM50,000 Mohd Rashidi b Abdul Rahman & 3 Ors v Mohamad Tarmizi b Zahari [2021] 1 PIR
[52], HC

* Fracture right angle and left ramus of thFe mandible

RM20,000 Mohd Rashidi b Abdul Rahman & 3 Ors v Mohamad Tarmizi b Zahari [2021] 1 PIR
[52], HC

B) Maxilla, Le Fort I, II, or III Min: RM 14,500 Max: RM 30,000

* Fracture posterial wall of the right maxillary sinus
RM25,000 Anazil bin Nordin v Mohd Zaidy bin Rahmat & Anor [2018] 1 PIR 18, SC

* Comminuted fractures of the right zygoma, right maxilla and right orbital floor
RM40,000 Tan Teik Choon v Osman bin Ahmad [2018] 2 PIR [28], MC

* Severe head injury with skull fracture

RM50,000 Tengku Muhammad Hidayatullah bin Tengku Amran (seorang yang belum dewasa
yang menuntut melalui ibunya, Hamaaiza binti Kamaruddin, sebagai wakil litigasi
beliau) v Muhammad Syakir bin Ab Wahab (Hamiza binti Kamaruddin & Anor –
Third Parties) [ 2015] 1 PIR [26], sc

* Multiple facial bone fractures (fracture of the bilateral zygomatic complex and fracture of the
bilateral Le Fort III and Le Fort I with split palate.
RM50,000 Mahussein bin Musa v Noorhisham bin Mohamad [2015]2 PIR [68],sc

* Le Fort II fracture of the right side of the face and Le Fort III fracture of the left side of the face.
RM30,000 Kavetha a/p Muniandy & Anor v Uthiya Kumar a/l Ramaiyah & Anor (selaku
pentadbir Malaysian Motor Insurance Pool) [2018] 2 PIR [15], sc

* Multiple maxillofacial and fractures

RM45,000 Mohan a/l Subramaniam v Azlan Shah bin Sarip @ Sharif & Anor [2019] 1 PIR [4],
sc

* Maxillofacial injuries
RM60,000 Wan Anas Hamizan bin Wan Adam & Anor v Mohd Zamri bin Sa’ari & Anor [2019]
1 PIR [30],sc

* Face Injury – fracture of the anterior and medial wall of the right and left maxillary sinuses, Le
Fort III fracture of the right lateral, inferior and medial orbital wall, left facial nerve weakness,
left ramus mandible fracture and left zygomatic complex fracture.
RM100,000 Raja Gobal a/l Muniandy v Selvarajoo a/l iyavoo v Anor [2019] 1 PIR [51], sc
(global)

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* Fracture of the bilateral zygomatic arch
RM30,000 Mohamad Azizul Hakim b Pilus v Salim b Saad [2019] 1 PIR [24], sc

* Bilateral zygomatic complex fracture

RM25,000 Nor Farida bt Khalid v Muhamad Hamidi b Shahadan & Anor (Mohd Nasrul b
Ramlan & Anor – Third Parties) [2020] 1 PIR [48], sc

* Multiple facial bone fracture – bilateral Le Fort I and II fractures with split palate and deviated
nasal bridge and septum to the right.
RM40,000 Sathiswaran a/l Muniandy v Karthegesu a/l Chalavn & Anor (Surenthar a/l Cheliah
– Third Party) (and 2 Other Summonses) [2020] 1 PIR [18], sc

* Facial bone fracture – bilateral Le Fort I and II, (fracture of the hard palate, fracture of the
symhysis of the mandible and Type III permanent malocclusion of the teeth)
RM45,000 Mohd Sufian b Hassan & Anor v Norerma bt Abdul Liatib & Anor [2020] 1 PIR [37],
mc

* Le Fort II fracture with complete split palate and palatal mucosa

RM30,000 Raka v Kamarudin bin Alias [2020] 2 PIR [19], sc

* Le Fort I fracture – bilateral lamina papyracea, bilateral orbital, left zygomatic process and
bilateral maxillary sinus
RM35,000 Nursuhaila bt Shukuri & Anor v Muhamad Hafizuddin b Muhamad Rodhy & Anor
[2020] 2 PIR [30], sc

* Fracture of the bilateral posterior orbital wall

RM16,000 Faiz Ullah v Nurul fatehah bt Abdul Rashed & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [16],sc

* Multiple facial bone fracture

RM10,000 Alwee Alywin b Azlim v Muhammad Shahid b Mohd Toha [2020] 2 PIR [33], HC

* Right angle of mandible fracture, left parasymphysis fracture, right maxillary sinus wall
fracture and fracture of the right zygomatic bone. Note:
1. The plaintiff as a result suffers from facial asymmetry with falttened right face indicating
malunion of the fractures, shifted and deviated chin at midpoint to the left side, ability
to open jaw only up to 25 mm, recurrent nasal discharge and pain in the right maxillary
sinusitis, reduced proprioceptive stimulus over the right lower lip, cheek and chin with
resultant reduction in motor activities, reduced blowing efiiciency and asymmetry of the
lip at midline, reduced sensation over the right lower lip and chin regions and recurrent
pain over the fracture fixatures sites indicating foreign body inflammatory reaction to
metallic implants.
2. The Sessions Court had initially awarded RM100,000 for this injury [2021] 1 PIR [4]
RM70,000 Weng Yew Min v Muhammad Zahier b Rahmat (and Another Appeal) [2021] 1 PIR
[2], HC

* Fracture wall of the right maxilia

RM13,000 Chong Kiat Mian v Tan Kuan She & 2 Ors [2021] 1 PIR [46],sc

11
* Bilateral Le Fort II fracture of the maxilla and upper jaw, and nasal fracture
RM25,000 Mohd Rashidi b Abdul Rahman & 3 Ors v Mohamad Tarmizi b Zahari [2021] 1 PIR
[57],sc

* Left Le Fort II fracture of the facial bones

RM20,000 Muhammad Amirul Izzat b Mohummad Taib v Muhammad Zulfadli b Tondiajid &
Anor [2021] 2 PIR [7],sc

* Multiple facial bone injuries with paraesthesia of the left nose and upper lip
RM30,000 Suria Sarvin a/l Revi Chandran (mendakwa melalui bapa dan sahabat wakilnya,
Rei Chandran a/l Yelumalai) v Muhammad Azam b Khairudin & Anor [2021] 2
PIR,sc

* Right lateral maxillary wall fracture

RM14,000 Muhammad Alif Farhan b Haris v Sivakumar a/l Rahman (Wakil Diri Kepada Harta
Pusaka Si Mati, Gurvinder Singh a/l Jasbant Singh & Anor – Third Parties) [2021] 2
PIR [31],HC

C) Zygoma Min: RM 9,000 Max: RM 12,000

* Comminuted fractures of the right zygoma, right maxilla and right orbital floor
RM40,000 Tan Teik Choon v Osman bin Ahmad [2018] 2 PIR [28], MC

* Fracture of the left zygomatic complex and fracture of the left infraorbital
RM12,000 Tengku Yahya binti Tengku Mat & Anor v Mohd Zanurikmal bin Zahari & Anor
[2015] 2 PIR [74]

* Left zygomatic bone fracture

RM20,000 Lee Eng Kiang (seorang budak yang mendakwa melalui ibu dan wakil litigasinya,
Tok Yeok Jong) v Kumareshannath a/l Dorasamy & Anor (Dalmendra Singh a/l
Visyen Singh & Anor – Third parties) [2015] 1 PIR [65], sc

* Fracture of the left zygoma

RM10,000 Thong Long Huat & Anor v Leong Kok Chai & Anor [2016] 2 PIR [54], sc

* Fracture of the zygomatic bone

RM8,000 Noresah binti Yatim v Muthu a/l Ramasamy & Anor [2017] 1 PIR [31], sc

* Fracture of the “right infraorbital continue to zygomatic buttress” (sensitivity when chewing)
RM20,000 Long Abdul Rahman b Mohd Fauzi v Mohd Elmi b Ismail & Anor [2019] 1 PIR [38],
mc

* Fracture of the right zygomatic bone

RM10,000 Mohd Rashidi b Abdul Rahman & 3 Ors v Mohamad Tarmizi b Zahari [2021] 1 PIR
[57], sc

12
* Fracture of the right zygomatic complex
RM10,000 Muhammad Amirul Izzat b Mohummad Taib v Muhammad Zulfadli b Tondiajid &
Anor [2021] 2 PIR [7],sc

D) Orbit Min: RM7,000 Max: RM9,500

* Comminuted fractures of the right zygoma, right maxilla and right orbital floor
RM40,000 Tan Teik Choon v Osman bin Ahmad [2018] 2 PIR [28], MC

* Fracture of the orbital bone

RM7,000 Thong Long Huat & Anor v Leong Kok Chai & Anor [2016] 2 PIR [54], sc

* Fracture of the left lateral orbital wall and fracture of the left maxilla
RM25,000 Muhammad Shafiq Shazwan b Jameri v Azmi b Ibrahim [2021] 1 PIR [48],sc

E) Alveolus Min: RM7,000 Max: RM9,500

* Multiple laceration wounds over the face
RM4,000 Yogeswa Rao a/l Sivamoorthy & 3 Ors v Ong Bee Joo & Anor [2013] 2 PIR [22], sc

F) Nasal Bone Min: RM7,000 Max: RM12,000

* Nasal Bone Fracture
RM8,000 Halimi bin Ahmad v Jothi Lingam a/l Radhakrishnan & Anor [2018] 1 PIR 4,SC
RM9,000 Kathir Gamman a/l Michael v Omar Anak Lengkis [2018] 1 PIR [18], SC
RM8,000 Chei Chian Seong v Woon Sow Ming & Anor [2017] 2 PIR [57], sc
RM6,000 Thong Long Huat & Anor v Leong Kok Chai & Anor [2016] 2 PIR [54], sc
RM10,000 Muhammad Amirul Izzat b Mohummad Taib v Muhammad Zulfadli b Tondiajid &
Anor [2021] 2 PIR [7], sc

* Nasal bone and septum fracture and bilateral maxillary sinus comminuted fracture causing
saddle nose deformity
RM5,000 Mohd Azizul Hakim b Pilus v Salim b Saad [2019] 1 PIR [24], sc

* Fracture of the nasal bone and septum

RM8,000 Nursuhaila bt Shukuri & Anor v Muhamad Hafizuddin b Muhamad Rodhy & Anor
[2020] 2 PIR [30], sc

* Paraesthesia of the left nose and upper lip with multiple facial bone injuries
RM30,000 Suria Sarvin a/l Revi Chandran (mendakwa melalui bapa dan sahabat wakilnya, Rei
Chandran a/l Yelumalai) v Muhammad Azam b Khairudin & Anor [2021] 2 PIR,sc

13
14
TEETH

A) Broken/Fractured tooth Min: RM2,500 Max: RM3,000

* Fractured teeth [Note: 10% was deducted from the general damages awarded for the injuries
suffered by the plaintiff for overlapping]
RM2,000 Mohd Nur Akhmal bin Yahya (suing by Yahya bin Eni, his father, next friend and
litigation representative) v Rickson anak Akup & Anor [2017] 1 PIR [27], sc

* Broken Teeth
RM6,000 Sures a/l Vadivelu v Zulkefli b Hashim & Anor [2012] 1 PIR [49], sc

* Broken teeth (front two incisors)

RM4,000 Amirthavalli a/p Kannayah v Rosli bin Ishak & Anor [2015] 1 PIR [63]

* Fracture of two frontal tooth

RM4,000 Suhaimi bin Ahmad v Lai Chang Kim [2016] 2 PIR [45], mc

* Fracture of the central incisor and right lateral incisor

RM6,000 Akhtar Hussain v Murnita bt Md Tulkapi

* Dental injuries (upper left central incisor, upper left lateral incisor, upper right central incisor
and upper right lateral incisor)
RM8,000 Mohd Rashidi b Abdul Rahman & 3 Ors v Mohamad Tarmizi b Zahari [2021] 1 PIR
[57},sc

* Fracture lingual enamel of tooth 47

RM3,000 Muhammad Amirul Izzat b Mohummad Taib v Muhammad Zulfadli b Tondiajid &
Anor [2021] 2 PIR [7], sc

* Fracture of crown 21 tooth involving the pulp tissue

RM3,000 Suria Sarvin a/l Revi Chandran (mendakwa melalui bapa dan sahabat wakilnya, Rei
Chandran a/l Yelumalai) v Muhammad Azam b Khairudin & Anor [2021] 2 PIR,sc

B) Loss of tooth Min: RM3,000 Max: RM3,500

* Loss of tooth
RM3,000 Mohamad Fairus bin Mohd Bakri v Saiful Bahri bin Hamzah & Anor

* Avulsed tooth
RM2,000 Mohamad Azizul Hakim bin Pilus v Salim bin Saad [2019] 1 PIR [24],sc

* Avulsion of tooth 35
RM3,000 Raja Gobal a/l Muniandy & Selvarajoo a/l Iyavoo & Anor [2019] 1 PIR [20], sc

15
 C) 1 – 5 teeth affected Min: RM3,000 Max: RM12,000
* Fracture of two upper front teeth
RM4,000 Karthi Keiyen a/l Perumal (seorang budak mendakwa melalui ibunya selaku
“guardian ad litem” dan sahabt wakilnya, Kanagee a/p Muniandy) & Anor v Nor
Rihan bt Asmuni & Anor [2018] 1 PIR [17], mc

* Two chipped upper left teeth

RM6,000 Suhaila binti Deraman & Anor v Goh Kee Sen & Anor [2014] 2 PIR [89], sc

* Fracture of two teeth

RM4,000 Thannimalai a/l Supramaniam v Chuah Chin Hee & Anor [2016] 1 PIR [59], mc

* Loss of four teeth (upper right central incisor, lower left second premolar, upper left first molar
and upper left third molar)
RM2,500 Saiful Nizam bin Hassan v Thanarajan a/l Velu [2017] 1 PIR [20], sc

* Complicated crown fracture of 11, uncomplicated crown fracture of 12, 21 and 22 and Grade III
mobility of tooth 21
RM15,500 Yuvendran a/l Saravanan v Mohd Farizad bin Hassan & Anor [2019] 1 PIR [20],sc

* Loss of 2 teeth (upper right first and second molar)

RM6,000 Mohd Rashidi b Abdul Rahman & 3 Ors v Mohamad Tarmizi b Zahari [2021] 1 PIR
[57},sc

* Vertical fractures of 4 teeth (upper right first molar, upper right second molar, upper right
second premolar and lower left first molar)
RM10,000 Mohd Rashidi b Abdul Rahman & 3 Ors v Mohamad Tarmizi b Zahari [2021] 1 PIR
[57},sc

D) 5 – 10 teeth affected Min: RM12,000 Max: RM21,500

* 5 Upper teeth, 1 Lower tooth affected
RM18,000 Chei Chian Seong v Woon Sow Ming & Anor [2017] 2 PIR [57], sc

* Loss of 7 teeth
RM17,500 Segar a/l Athigesan & 3 Ors v Amirhamzah bin Azman & 3 Ors [2020] 1 PIR [9], sc

* Dental injury – fracture of 8 teeth

RM17,500 Nursuhaila bt Shukuri & Anor v Muhamad Hafizuddin b Muhamad Rodhy & Anor
[2020] 2 PIR [30], sc

E) 10 – 20 teeth affected Min: RM21,500 Max: RM36,000

NONE.

16
17
CLAVICLE AND SHOULDER

A) Scapula Min: RM12,000 Max: RM21,500

* Fracture of the left and right scapula
RM18,000 Lim Soy Peng & Anor (plaintif pertama adalah seorang yang tidak berkeupayaan
membawa tindakan ini melalui anak dan penjaga ad-litem iaitu plaintiff kedua) v
Mohd Fairuz bin Kamaruzzaman & Anor [2017] 1 PIR [7], SC

* Closed fracture of the right scapula

RM15,000 Abdul Razak bin Bazheer Ahamed & Anor v Ng Kuang Yew & Anor [2017] 1 PIR [59]
RM15,000 Punniyamoorthy a/l Perumal & Anor v Mohd Syahir bin Azhar [2017] 1 PIR [5], HC
RM18,000 Amelia binti Amiruddin v Punniyamoorthy a/l Perumal & Anor [2016] 2 PIR [39], sc
RM15,000 Mohammad Afnan b Bakar v Roslea bt Adam [2021] 2 PIR [36],mc

* Fracture of the right scapula [Note: 10% was deducted from the total general damages
awarded for overlapping]
RM10,000 Erna Amelia binti Armen & Anor v Golandesu a/l Savariappen & Anor (Lee Yong
Fong & Anor – Third Parties) [2015] 2 PIR [7], sc
* Closed fracture of the right scapula
RM15,000 Abdul Razak bin Bazheer Ahamed & Anor v Ng Kuang Yew & Anor [2018] 2 PIR
[57],sc

* Closed undisplaced fracture lateral border of the left scapula

RM14,000 Muhammad Nazrin Shah bin Nazri v Justin a/l Erdium & 2 Ors [2019] 1 PIR [25],mc

* Fracture of the left scapula

RM16,000 Wong Jong Ann v Chin Wei Jin & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [10],sc

B) Clavicle Min: RM13,000 Max: RM28,000

* Closed fracture distal end of the Clavicle
RM25,000 Yaakub bin Ibrahim & Anor v Fudzi bin Ghani @ Dol Shah [2017] 2 PIR [55]

* Closed fracture of the bilateral clavicle

RM30,000 Mat Yusoff bin Che Mamat v Mohamad Syafiq Aiman bin Mohd Ghazali & Anor
[2017] 2 PIR [38], mc

* Fracture Midshaft of the right clavicle with 1 cm shortening

RM25,000 Nur Shafatul Shamila binti Mohd Ridi (seoerang budak dan mendakwa melalui
wakil litigasnya, Mohd Ridi bin Abd Rahman) v Tan Teng Siang & 2 Ors [2017] 1 PIR
[62], SC

* Closed fracture dislocation medial 3rd of the clavicle

RM17,000 Badrul Adli b Yusri (mendakwa melalui bapa dan sahabat wakilnya, Yusri b Zainon)
& Anor v Wakil Peribadi Kepada Abu Mansor b Mat Zin (si mati) & Anor [2019] 1
PIR [48], mc

18
* Closed fracture of the left clavicle
RM12,000 Kalsom binti Abu Bakar v Sadhasivam a/l Kondiah [2015] 2 PIR [57], sc
RM12,000 Halim Putra bin Arifin & 3 Ors v Mohamad Yusri bin Maaza & Anor [2018] 1 PIR
[56],sc

* Fracture of the right clavicle

RM20,000 Ab Rahim Awang, menuntut sebagai bapa yang sah menurut hokum, dan orang
tanggungan kepada Mohamad Farhan bin AR Rahim, si mati v Ganendran a/l
Mogana & Anor (and Another Suit) [2017] 1 PIR [58], SC
RM20,000 Mohd Farhan Azizan b Adnan v Teo Bee Leng [2020] 2 PIR [9], sc

* Closed fracture midshaft of the right clavicle

RM25,000 Mohd Nizam bin A Rahman v A Hamid bin A Kamar [2016] 2 PIR [51], sc

* Closed fracture of the right clavicle with pain and swelling

RM15,000 Tharmaseelam Charkaravarthy a/l Chelvakumar Charkaravathy v Tan Lay Leng
[2018] 2 PIR [20], mc

* Dislocation of the right acromioclavicular joint

RM20,000 Siti Selmi bt Sayut menuntut sebagai wakil diri harta pesaka Sahrul Nizam b Kamal,
si mati) v Abdul Wahid b Muhammad Rozali & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [7], sc

* Fracture of the clavicle

RM23,000 Eminur Rulliah bin Amin Dolah v Ng Kang Yaw [2019] 1 PIR [19], mc

* Fracture of the left clavicle (Note: The plaintiff as a result suffers from deformity of the left
clavicle, 1cm muscle wasting in the left forearm, 2cm muscle wasting in the left arm and slight
reduction of the flexion and abduction of the left shoulder)
RM22,000 Wong Jong Ann v Chin Wei Jin & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [10],sc

* Fracture midshaft of the left clavicle

RM20,000 Sukri bin Kartho v Mohamad Zulhilmi Izzat bin Zakaria [2020] 2 PIR [21], sc

* Fracture of the left clavicle

RM20,000 Nursyahirah bt Fauzi v Mohamad Firdaus b Ismail & Anor) Mohammad Asnawi b
Mohamad Zahir & Anor – Third Parties) [2021] 2 PIR [17], sc

C) Dislocation acromio - clavicular joint Min: RM12,000 Max: RM21,500

* Grade 2 right acromioclavicular joint disruption
RM22,000 Halimi bin Ahmad v Jothi Lingam a/l Radhakrishnan & Anor [2018] 1 PIR [4], SC

* Closed right acromio-clavicular joint dislocation with 1 cm muscle wasting in the right arm,
1cm muscle wasting in the right forearm, step deformity and chronic pain in the acromio
RM22,000 Ahmad Zaki bin Zainol v Zazlinda binti Zainal Abidin & Anor [2015] 2 PIR [19], mc

19
* Right acromioclavicular joint disruption
RM18,000 Amelia binti Amiruddin v Punniyamoorthy a/l Perumal & Anor [2016] 2 PIR [39], sc
RM18,000 Mohd Syahir bin Azhar v Punniyamoorthy a/l Perumal & Anor [2017] 2 PIR [46], CA

* Acromioclavicular joint dislocation

RM15,000 Mohammed Saleem & Anor v Khoo Soo Tat [2018] 2 PIR [40], mc

* Dislocation of the right acromioclavicular joint

RM11,000 Lim Sock Teo v Liaquat Ali b D Abdul Hameed [2019] 1 PIR [37], mc

20
ARMS IN GENERAL

A) Humerus Min: RM12,000 Max: RM27,500

* Closed fracture left middle shaft of the humerus
RM15,000 Norazimah binti Othman v Khamis bin Mat & Anor [2017] 2 PIR [32], mc

* Comminuted fracture of the right humerus (Note: The plaintiff as a result suffers from muscle
wasting, reduced range of movement in the shoulder, residual pain, weakness and difficulty in
lifting heavy objects.)
RM26,000 Mohd Yusof bin Hassan v Mahamud bin Din [2017] 2 PIR [8], mc

* United fracture of the left humerus

RM15,000 Mohd Shukri b Yang v Mohd Hazwan b Hamidan [2020] 1 PIR [36], sc

* Fracture of the left proximal humerus

RM15,000 Leong Kah Yew v Liew Jiew Jung & Anor [2020] 2 PIR [3], HC

* Closed oblique fracture midshaft of the left humerus

RM18,000 Chavaryas Asmath v Zaleha bt Taib [2020] 2 PIR [38], sc

* Open fracture medial epicondyle of the left humerus with ulnar nerve transection
RM20,000 Ruslaidy b Rusli v Saiful Akram Khan b Saidullah Khan & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [29], sc

* Malunited closed fracture greater tuberosity neck of the left humerus (Note: The plaintiff as a
result suffers fro 3/5 reduced muscle power in the left upper limb, diminished sensation over
the left hand and arthritic changes in the left acromioclavicular joint)
RM27,000 Dominic Menondraj a/l Satensamy v Sugumar a/l Neelamagam [2021] 1 PIR [15],sc

* Closed fracture midshaft of the right humerus

RM15,000 Mohd Rashidi b Abdul Rahman & 3 Ors v Mohamad Tarmizi b Zahari [2021] 1 PIR
[57], sc

* Closed fracture surgical neck of the right humerus

RM20,000 Satesh Kumar a/l Johnson (seorang yang kurang upaya yang mendakwa melalui
ibu yang sah dan wakil litigasinya, plaintif kedua) & Anor v Aminuddin b Mohd Zain
& 2 Ors [2021] 1 PIR [59], sc

* Grade 3B open fracture distal 3rd of the left humerus with comminuted fracture of the medial
condyle
RM12,000 Mohammad Nazirul Ikhwan b Izzaidi v Ain Wahidah bt Abdullah & 2 Ors [2021] 2
PIR [6], sc

* Avusion fracture of the lateral epicondyle of the left humerus

RM20,000 Nursyahirah bt Fauzi v Mohamad Firdaus b Ismail & Anor) Mohammad Asnawi b
Mohamad Zahir & Anor – Third Parties) [2021] 2 PIR [17], sc

21
* Open fracture neck of the right humerus with vascular injury, open fracture of the right radius,
open fracture of the right radius, open fracture of the right ulnar styloid and amputation of the
right upper limb
RM80,000 Muhammad Azan Fadzi b Mohamad Anuar v Ragunathan a/l Veerapandian & Anor
(global) [2021] 2 PIR [16], sc

* Open fracture of the left humerus with arterial injury resulting in above elbow amputation
RM90,000 Suria Sarvin a/l Revi Chandran (mendakwa melalui bapa dan sahabat wakilnya, Rei
Chandran a/l Yelumalai) v Muhammad Azam b Khairudin & Anor [2021] 2 PIR,sc

B) Olecranon Min: RM12,000 Max: RM30,000

* Closed comminuted fracture of the left olecranon (Note: The plaintiff as a result suffers from
muscle wasting, flexion deformity of the elbow, pain in the left elbow/forearm when performing
tasks continuously or strenouosly and inability to carry heavy weights and drive)
RM25,000 Agelein a/l Gunalan & Anor v Neermaren a/l Pathesing [2018] 1 PIR [1], MC

* Left elbow olecranon fracture

RM15,000 Naziera binti Kaderi & Anor v Anika Tugan [2019] 1 PIR [8],

* Open fracture of the left olecranon

RM28,000 Thenagaran a/l Muniandy v Paandiy Muthu a/l Muniandy & Anor [2020] 1 PIR [39],
mc

C) Radius Min: RM12,000 Max: RM30,000

* Closed fracture distal end of the left radius
RM18,000 Sarinah binti Che Embi v Azli bin Sa’ari [2017] 2 PIR [43], mc
RM20,000 Faiz Ullah v Nurul Fatehah bt Abdul Rashed & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [16],sc

* Fracture distal end of the left radius (Note: The plaintiff as a result suffers from swelling of the
left wrist with deformity, stiffness of the wrist, weakness of the lead hand grip with Grade 3
muscle power and inability to lift heavy weights or use force with the left arm)
RM20,000 Mohd Taufikafifi bin Abdul Talib & 2 Ors v Mohamad Azza bin Mohamad Zaini &
Anor [2018] 1 PIR [6], SC

* Fracture of the left distal radius

RM15,000 Vijayanathan a/l Ramachandran v Hak Heng Trading & Anor [2019] 1 PIR [19], mc

* Fracture midshaft of the right radius with distal radioulnar joint disruption (right Gallaezi
fracture)
RM30,000 Yuvendran a/l Saravanan v Mohd Farizad b Hassan & Anor [2019] 1 PIR [20], sc

* Closed fracture distal end of the left radius and non-united fracture of the left ulnar styloid
RM32,000 Muhammad Shafiq b Jamail v Muhamad Sobri b Hamzah [2020] 1 PIR [14], mc

22
* Fracture lower ends of the left and right radius and ulnar styloid
RM36,000 Chong Kiat Mian v Tan Kuan She & 2 Ors [2021] 1 PIR [46], sc

* Open fracture of the left distal radius (united)

RM20,000 Muhammad Shafiq Shazwan b Jameri v Azmi b Ibrahim [2021] 1 PIR [48], sc

* Swelling of the right wrist

RM2,000 Siti Selmi bt Sayut menuntut sebagai wakil diri harta pesaka Sahrul Nizam b Kamal,
si mati) v Abdul Wahid b Muhammad Rozali & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [7], sc

* Closed fracture distal end of the right radius/ulna with disruption of the distal radioulnar joint,
widening of the right distal ulnar joint and mild valgus deformity of the right wrist (Note: The
plaintiff as a result suffers from pain in the right forearm and hand on sustained exretion and
weakness of the right forearm and hand
RM33,000 Faiz Ullah v Nurul fatehah bt Abdul Rashed & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [16], sc

* Closed fracture distal end of the right radius (healed) with irregularity of the joint surface
(malunion)
RM20,000 Muhammad Amirul Izzat b Mohummad Taib v Muhammad Zulfadli b Tondiajid &
Anor [2021] 2 PIR [7],sc

* Closed comminuted fracture distal end of the right radius with intra-articular involvement
(healed)
RM25,000 Norhasyidan b Mohd Nor @ Mohamad Hazani v Mohd Ridhwan b Asmara & 2 Ors
[2021] 2 PIR [39],sc

* Closed fracture of the right radial head

RM18,000 Mohammad Afnan b Bakar v Roslea bt Adam [2021] 2 PIR [36],mc

D) Ulna Min: RM9,500 Max: RM27,500

* Fracture of left ulna
RM18,000 Daphine Lee Xin Ru (suing by her lawful father and litigation representative,
Joannes Lee Chen Hian) v Siaw Suk Yin & Anor [2016] 1 PIR [41], SC

* Fracture coronoid of the left ulna

RM14,000 Tan Phei San v Chiang ban Chnair & Anor [2017] 1 PIR [57], mc

* Fracture of the left ulna styloid

RM15,000 Muhammad Nur Ikhwan bin Mat Zaid v Rebekah Naomi Stephen Chinniah [2019] 1
PIR [7], sc

* Fracture of the left proximal ulna

RM15,000 Leong Kah Yew v Liew Jiew Jung & Anor [2020] 2 PIR [3], HC

* Closed fracture of the left distal ulna with cutaneous nerve injury
RM20,000 Ruslaidy b Rusli v Saiful Akram Khan b Saidullah Khan & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [29],sc

23
* Ulnar nerve transection with open fracture medial epicondyle of the left humerus
RM20,000 Ruslaidy b Rusli v Saiful Akram Khan b Saidullah Khan & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [29],sc

E) Radius and ulna Min: RM21,500 Max: RM36,000

*Closed fracture distal end of the left radius, closed fracture midshaft of the left radius and
closed fracture of the ulna styloid
RM35,000 Nor Shuhaida binti Mohd Ali v Ahmad bin Yeop Ahmad [2018] 1 PIR [8], sc

*Closed fracture of the left radius and ulna

RM25,000 Abdullah bin Sulaiman v Mazuan bin Shamsudin & Anor

* Fracture midshaft of the right radius with distal radio-ulna joint disruption (right Gallaezi
fracture)
RM30,000 Yuvendran a/l Saravanan v Mohd Farizad bin Hassan & Anor [2019] 1 PIR [20], sc

*Open Grade III fracture midshaft of the left radius and segmental fracture of the left ulna
RM25,000 Au Sew Fon v Jason Yeoh Jin Kheng & 6 Ors [2019] 1 PIR [47], sc

* Compound segmental fractures of the left radius and ulna with flexor muscle cut and ischemia
and complete brachial plexus injury of the left upper limb
RM90,000 Purubakaran a/l Sandran v Mohammad Benjamin b Ahmad Faizal & 2 Ors [2021] 1
PIR [19],sc

* Fracture lower ends of the left and right radius and ulnar styloid
RM36,000 Chong Kiat Mian v Tan Kuan She & 2 Ors [2021] 1 PIR [46], sc
(global)

* Grade 2B open fracture of the left radius and ulna

RM25,000 Mohammad Nazirul Ikhwan b Izzaidi v Ain Wahidah bt Abdullah & 2 Ors [2021] 2
PIR [6],sc

* Open fracture of the right radius, open fracture of the right radius, open fracture of the right
ulnar styloid, open fracture neck of the right humerus with vascular injury and amputation of
the right upper limb
RM80,000 Muhammad Azan Fadzi b Mohamad Anuar v Ragunathan a/l Veerapandian & Anor
(global) [2021] 2 PIR [16], sc

* Fracture of the right distal radius and ulnar styloid

RM28,000 Aznan b Mohd Ali v Muhammad Erwan b Abdul Wahab [2021] 1 PIR [55], mc

* Closed fracture distal end of the right radius/ulna with disruption of the distal radioulnar joint,
widening of the right distal ulnar joint and mild valgus deformity of the right wrist (Note: The
plaintiff as a result suffers from pain in the right forearm and hand on sustained exretion and
weakness of the right forearm and hand
RM33,000 Faiz Ullah v Nurul fatehah bt Abdul Rashed & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [16], sc

24
* Closed fracture distal end of the right radius (healed) with irregularity of the joint surface
(malunion)
RM20,000 Muhammad Amirul Izzat b Mohummad Taib v Muhammad Zulfadli b Tondiajid &
Anor [2021] 2 PIR [7],sc

* Closed fracture distal end of the right radius and closed farcture of the right ulnar styloid
RM35,000 Kawaldip Singh a/l Kalwant Singh v Lin Ah Kaw [2021] 2 PIR [28], sc

F) Metacarpal (hand) Min: RM4,000 Max: RM6,000

*Closed fracture of the right fifth metacarpal bone
RM5,000 Abdul Razak bin Bazheer Ahamed & Anor v Ng Kuang Yew & Anor [2017] 1 ‘ pir
[59], SC

* Amputation at the base of the 2nd metacarpal bone with fracture of the index finger
RM10,000 Leow Hui Sian v Azhar b Zabidi & Anor [2020] 1 PIR [46], sc

* Closed fracture of the 2nd and 5th left metacarpal bone

RM12,000 Azmadarmawi b Saupi v Mohd Zamri b Abu Bakar & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [45], sc

*Crack fracture of the right 1st metacarpal bone and fracture of the right scaphoid
RM14,000 Nurul Izzah bt Abu Bakar v Muhamad Helmi b Ismail & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [40], sc

G) Phalange (finger) Min: RM4,000 Max: RM14,500

*Right third finger flexion deformity of the distal interphalangeal joint and extension tendon
injury of the right middle finger
RM10,000 Daniel Joy a/l Arokiasamy v Umpan Jata Sdn Bhd & Anor [2017] 2 PIR [26], sc

*Crack fracture proximal phalanxof the left index finger

RM5,000 Mohd Azizi b Mohamad Salleh v Singka ak Nantha [2020] 2 PIR [8], mc

*Closed comminuted fracture proximal phalanx of the left little finger

RM5,000 Mohamad Asri b Mansor v Wan Nor Azman b Wan Salleh [2021] 1 PIR [37], sc

* Closed fracture proximal phalanx of the right index finger

RM9,000 Mohd Khairilrashid b Mohd Khair v Pengarah Jabatan Kerja Raya Pulau Pinang &
Anor [2021] 1 PIR [27], mc

* Closed fracture proximal phalanx of the right little finger

RM6,000 Ruslaidy b Rusli v Saiful Akram Khan b Saidullah Khan & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [29], sc

* Multiple extensor tendon cut of the left index, middle and ring fingers
RM5,000 Mohammad Nazirul Ikhwan b Izzaidi v Ain Wahidah bt Abdullah & 2 Ors [2021] 2
PIR [6], sc

* Closed fracture distal phalanx of the right ring finger with nail bed injury
RM15,000 Mohammad Afnan b Bakar v Roslea bt Adam [2021] 2 PIR [36], mc

25
26
 AMPUTATION OF ANY ARM

A) Amputation of any 1 finger at proximal Min: RM12,000 Max: RM18,500

phalange
*Complete amputation of the right little finger at metarcarpal level
RM17,000 Abdul Razak bin Bahzeer Ahamed & Anor v Ng Kuang Yew & Anor [2017] 1 PIR [59]

B) Amputation of any 1 finger at distal phalange Min: RM9,500 Max: RM12,000

*Traumatic amputation of the left middle phalanx
RM7,000 Mohamad Azrin bin Azam v Sharul Ikzan bin Mat Zin & Anor [2016] 1 PIR [18], SC

C) Amputation of middle and ring fingers at Min: RM21,500 Max: RM24,000

proximal phalange
NONE.

D) Amputation of middle and ring fingers at distal Min: RM14,500 Max: RM17,000
phalanges
*Total amputation of the left little finger at the distal interphalangeal joint
RM10,000 Khalijah binti Man & Anor v Mohd Nazri bin Abu Bakar & Anor [2018] 2 PIR [38],sc

E) Amputation of 3 – 4 fingers Min: RM24,000 Max: RM36,000

NONE.

F) Amputation of thumb at proximal phalange Min: RM18,000 Max: RM24,000

NONE.

G) Amputation of thumb at distal phalange Min: RM14,500 Max: RM18,000

NONE.

H) Amputation of all fingers and thumb Min: RM36,000 Max: RM55,000

NONE.

I) Amputation of whole hand at wrist joint Min: RM41,500 Max: RM60,000

* Total amputation of the left wrist (replantation done) (Note: The plaintiff as a result suffers
from a permanently disabled, non-functional and flail left hand, absent sensation and muscle
power in the left hand, inability to move left fingers, 1 cm shortening of the left forearm, severe
claw deformity, muscle wasting in the left hand and severe disuse osteoporosis of the left hand)
RM50,000 Superamaniam a/l Savariappan v Muthu Kumar a/l Manikam & Anor (Kurnua
Insurance Sdn Bhd – Applicant) [2013] 1 PIR [56], sc

27
 *Suspected scapholunate ligament disruption at the left wrist joint and distal radioulnar
jointinstabilty due to comminuted intra-articular fracture distal end of the left radius.
RM35,000 Muhammad Nur Ikhwan bin Mat Zaid v Rebekah Naomi Stephen Chinniah [2019] 1
PIR [7], sc

J) Amputation through elbow joint Min: RM55,000 Max: RM60,000

NONE.

K) Amputation at mid upper arm level Min: RM71,500 Max: RM84,000

Above elbow amputation as a result of open fracture of the left humerus with arterial injury
RM90,000 Suria Sarvin a/l Revi Chandran (mendakwa melalui bapa dan sahabat wakilnya,
Rei Chandran a/l Yelumalai) v Muhammad Azam b Khairudin & Anor [2021] 2
PIR,sc

*Amputation of the right upper limb, open fracture neck of the right humerus with vascular
injury, open fracture of the right radius and open fracture of the right ulnar styloid
RM80,000 Muhammad Azlan Fadzi b Mohamad Anuar v Ragunathan a/l Veerapandian &
(global) Anor [2021] 2 PIR [16],sc

L) Amputation at shoulder Min: RM90,000 Max: RM95,000

NONE.

28
RIB CAGE
A) Per Rib Min: RM4,000 Max: RM5,000
th
*Fracture of the right 10 rib and fracture of the left ninth rib
RM8,000 Mohd Noorusallam bin Md Saad v Jamaluddin bin Desa [2016] 1 PIR [42], SC

*Right lower lobe lung contusion with right sided haemothorax – right seventh to 12th ribs
fracture
RM30,000 Paramasivam a/l RJ Raman v Ko Bing Liyong & Anor [2017] 2 PIR [54], SC

*Fracture of the right first and second ribs

RM6,000 Ahmad Aizat bin kamarudin & Anor v Muhamad Azram bin Hashim & Anor [2015] 1
PIR [47],sc

*Fracture of the first left rib

RM3,000 Muhammad Ashraf bin Adam Malik v Cheng Soon Leng [2018] 1 PIR [48],mc

*Right 9th rib fracture with bilateral pneumothorax

RM13,000 Wan Anas Hamizan bin Wan Adnan & Anor v Mohd Zamri bin Sa’ari & Anor [2019]
1 PIR [30],sc

*Fracture of the right 7th to 9th ribs

RM9,000 Mohd Hafizar b Abdul Rahman & Anor v Wong Chee Peng [2020] 2 PIR [10], sc

* Fracture of the 4th, 5th and 6th lateral ribs and fracture of the 8th, 9th and 10th posterior ribs
RM24,000 Siti Selmi bt Sayut menuntut sebagai wakil diri harta pesaka Sahrul Nizam b Kamal,
si mati) v Abdul Wahid b Muhammad Rozali & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [7], sc

* Fracture of the left 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th ribs
RM23,000 Wong Jong Ann v Chin Wei Jin & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [10],sc

* Right 6th rib fracture with bilateral lung injury

RM23,000 Askuri Hasan v Soo Soek Yew [2021] 1 PIR 44, sc

* Fracture of the 6th right rib

RM4,000 Sivadass a/l D Selvanathan & 2 Ors v Norhelmi b Mohamad Jadi & Anor [2021] 1
PIR [60], sc
RM15,000 Mohamad Faiz b Mohamad Rasul v Mohamad Fazlie b Arifin & Anor [2021] 2 PIR
[15],sc

* Fracture of the left 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th and 9th ribs
RM20,000 Nursyahirah bt Fauzi v Mohamad Firdaus b Ismail & Anor) Mohammad Asnawi b
Mohamad Zahir & Anor – Third Parties) [2021] 2 PIR [17], sc

29
* Right 5th and 9th rib fracture with pneumothorax
RM25,000 Muhammad Alif Farhan b Haris v Sivakumar a/l Rahman (Wakil Diri Kepada Harta
Pusaka Si Mati, Gurvinder Singh a/l Jasbant Singh & Anor – Third Parties) [2021] 2
PIR [38],mc

B) Sternum Min: RM9,500 Max: RM12,000

RM5,000 Yean Kok Fong & Anor v Gue Ah Peng & Anor [2008] 1 PIR [60], sc

30
PELVIS

A) Iliac crescent Min: RM9,500 Max: RM14,500

*Right iliac and acetabular fractures with bone loss
RM25,000 Nor Shuhaida binti Mohd Ali v Ahmad bin Yeop Ahmad [2018] 1 PIR [8], SC
(global)

*Closed fracture of the left iliac crest

RM11,000 Amanah Raya Berhad, Pentadbir Harta Pusaka Hashim bin Mat, Si Mati v Cheng
Feng Marketing & Anor [2016] 1 PIR [30],sc

* Comminuted fracture of the left iliac bone and fracture of the right superior and inferior pubic
rami
RM40,000 Nursyahirah bt Fauzi v Mohamad Firdaus b Ismail & Anor) Mohammad Asnawi b
Mohamad Zahir & Anor – Third Parties) [2021] 2 PIR [17], sc

B) Sacro iliac joint Min: RM9,500 Max: RM12,000

*Fracture of the right acetabulum [Note: 10% was deducted from the damages awarded for the
fracture of the right acetabulum, sacrioiliac joint dislocation of the left hemipelvis and symphysis
pubis diasthesis, for overlapping]
RM20,000 Leong Ming Houng (membawa tindakan ini melalui bapa dan sahabt wakil yang
sah, Leong Lai Peng) v Arumugam a/l Marimuthu [2016] 2 PIR [18] ,SC

* Vertical shear fracture of the right hemipelvis

RM30,000 Mohd Sollehudin b Ismail v Jamilah bt Mohd Yussof [2021] 1 PIR [58],sc

C) Superior or inferior pubic rami Min: RM14,500 Max: RM21,500

*Bilateral (right and left) superior and inferior pubic rami fractures
RM60,000 Nor Shuhaida binti Mohd Ali v Ahmad bin Yeop Ahmad [2018] 1 PIR [8], SC

*Closed fracture of the right superior and inferior public rami

RM35,000 Soh Ching Hock v Rajan a/l Sadasiwar & Anor [2016] 2 PIR [44],sc

*Fracture of the closed inferior pubic rami

RM18,000 Goh Hock Siang v Hardeep Singh [2018] 2 PIR [25],sc

*Right inferior pubic rami fracture

RM15,000 Wan Anas Hamizan bin Wan Adnan & Anor v Mohd Zamri bin Sa’ari & Anor [2019]
1 PIR [30],sc

*Bilateral superior and inferior pubic rami fractures

RM28,000 Zaiton bt Basirun & Anor v Fadlisham Husni b Abdullah Sani [2019] 1 PIR [10], sc

31
*Left pubic rami fracture
RM25,000 Mohamad Sazwan Faiz b Roslan (minor) (suing by his mother and legal
representative Nooraisiah bt Ahmad) v Januri b Salim [2020] 1 PIR [57], sc

* Bilateral superior and inferior pubic rami fracture with symphysis pubis diasthesis
RM45,000 Chavaryas Asmath v Zaleha bt Taib [2020] 2 PIR [38], sc

* Comminuted fracture of the left iliac bone and fracture of the right superior and inferior pubic
rami
RM40,000 Nursyahirah bt Fauzi v Mohamad Firdaus b Ismail & Anor) Mohammad Asnawi b
Mohamad Zahir & Anor – Third Parties) [2021] 2 PIR [17], sc

D) Diasthesis symphysis pubis Min: RM12,000 Max: RM24,000

*Symphysis pubis diastasis
RM30,000 Nur Shafatul Shamila binti Mohd Ridi (seorang budak dan mendakwa melalui wakil
(global) litigasinya, Mohd Ridi bin Abd Rahman) v Tan Teng Sian & 2 Ors [2017] 1 PIR [62],sc

*Diastasis of symphysis pubis

RM18,000 Palanisamy a/l Sellapan & Anor v Daniyel b Nokman [2008] 2 PIR [52],sc
RM40,000 Mohd Azhar b Bolhassan v Yii Chin Ching & Anor [2010] 2 PIR [52], sc
RM40,000 Hanif bin Muhamad Pauzi v Kovalan a/l Rajoo [2015] 2 PIR [31], sc
RM40,000 Leong Ming Houng (membawa tindakan ini melalui bapa dan sahabat wakil yang
sah,Leong Lai Peng) v Arumugam a/l Marimuthu [2016] 2 PIR [18],sc
RM35,000 Jeurnice Lim Juin Shan (seorang budak belum dewasa mendakwa melalui ibu yang
sah, The Bee Bee, sebagai wakil litigasi) v Loh chun Haw [2019] 1 PIR [36], mc

*Diastasis of symphysis pubis, separation of the left sacroiliac joint and fracture of the left sacral
ala of S5 which has not united.
RM40,000 Philip ak Usit v Agus Salim bin Hassan [2020] 2 PIR [18], sc

* Symphysis pubis diastasis with surrounding haematoma

RM30,000 Mohd Sollehudin b Ismail v Jamilah bt Mohd Yussof [2021] 1 PIR [58],sc

* Open book fracture of the pelvis with diastasis of the symphysis pubis and the sacroiliac joints
RM50,000 Nursyahirah bt Fauzi v Mohamad Firdaus b Ismail & Anor) Mohammad Asnawi b
Mohamad Zahir & Anor – Third Parties) [2021] 2 PIR [17], sc

E) Bilateral fractures of Iliac / Pubic rami Min: RM18,000 Max: RM30,000

* Fracture
RM35,000 Soh Ching Hock v Rajan a/l Sadasiwar & Anor [2016] 2 PIR [44], sc

* Open book fracture of the pelvis

RM25,000 Muhammad Azlan Fadzi b Mohamad Anuar v Ragunathan a/l Veerapandian &
Anor [2021] 2 PIR [16],sc

32
 F) Sacrum Min: RM12,000 Max: 14,500
*Fracture of the left sacral ala of S5 which has not united, diastasis of symphysis pubis and
separation of the left sacroiliac joint
RM40,000 Philip ak Usit v Agus Salim bin Hassan [2020] 2 PIR [18], sc

*Bone Odema at S4 and first coccygeal piece

RM5,000 Masnaliza bt Mislihan & 2 Ors v Ahmad b Abdul Hamid [2021] 1 PIR [47], sc

*Closed fracture anterior S3 of the spine

RM25,000 Masnaliza bt Mislihan & 2 Ors v Ahmad b Abdul Hamid [2021] 1 PIR [47], sc

* Comminuted fracture of the right sacral ala

RM20,000 Mohd Sollehudin b Ismail v Jamilah bt Mohd Yussof [2021] 1 PIR [58], sc

G) Acetabulum Min: RM24,000 Max: RM35,500

*Right iliac and acetabular fractures with bone loss
RM25,000 Nor Shuhaida binti Mohd Ali v Ahmad bin Yeop Ahmad [2018] 1 PIR [8], SC

*United fracture of the right acetabulum

RM24,000 Siti Aminah binti Rafli & Anor v Mohd Shadrul Idham bin Sharizan [2015] 2 PIR [37],
sc

*Closed complex fracture of the left acetabulum with subluxation of the left hip
RM40,000 Naziera binti Kaderi & Anor v Anika Tugan [2019] 1 PIR [8] ,sc

* Right hip dislocation with comminuted acetabulum fracture complicated by avascular necrosis
of the femoral head, superiorly migrated femur with 1 cm – 2 cm shortening
RM100,000 Krishnamoorthy a/l Potharajoo v Ahmad Syamil b Zamri (Nagendran a/l
Subramaniam – Third Party) [2021] 2 PIR [29],sc

H) Multiple hip fractures with hip disabilities Min: RM43,000 Max: RM72,500
*Left ilium fracture, bilateral acetabulum fracture and left sacral ala fracture
RM80,000 Paramasivam a/l RJ Raman v Ko Bing Liyong & Anor [2017] 2 PIR [54

* Left posterior hip dislocation with posterior acetabular wall fracture and 3cm shortening
RM65,000 Assokumar a/l Venugopal @ Ramus v Lai Bak Seng & Anor [2020] 2 PIR [25], sc

* Right hip dislocation with comminuted acetabulum fracture complicated by avascular necrosis
of the femoral head, superiorly migrated femur with 1 cm – 2 cm shortening
RM100,000 Krishnamoorthy a/l Potharajoo v Ahmad Syamil b Zamri (Nagendran a/l
Subramaniam – Third Party) [2021] 2 PIR [29],sc

33
 I) Hip Dislocation with disabilities (minor-major) Min: RM15,000 Max: RM40,000
*Posterior hip dislocation
RM25,000 Muhammad Ariff bin Amir & 4 Ors v Baskaran a/l Kanniappow & Anor [2015] 2 PIR
[35], sc

*Hip Dislocation
RM20,000 Zyareff Syarzryll b Zulkifli v Muhamad Asri b Abdul Hamid & Anor (Zulkifli Baharom
& Anor – Third Parties) [2020] 1 PIR [60], sc

* Right hip dislocation with comminuted acetabulum fracture complicated by avascular necrosis
of the femoral head, superiorly migrated femur with 1 cm – 2 cm shortening
RM100,000 Krishnamoorthy a/l Potharajoo v Ahmad Syamil b Zamri (Nagendran a/l
Subramaniam – Third Party) [2021] 2 PIR [29],sc

34
LEG IN GENERAL

A) Femur (simple fracture) Min: RM21,500 Max: RM48,500

*Closed fracture of the right femur
RM50,000 Wan Darusalam bin Wan Aziz & 2 Ors v Mohd Nazir bin Bakar & Anor [2017] 1 PIR
[44], sc
RM50,000 Ajit Kumar a/l Arumugam v Tee Wi Tiow @ Tay Kuan Tok [2021] 1 PIR [24],sc

*Fracture of the intertrochanteric left femur with “2cm” shorterning of the femur (Note: The
plaintiff as a result suffers from stiff and plainful hip and inability to walk long distances, stand
for long periods and squat and walks with a limping gait)
RM42,000 Chong Khai Chay @ Choong Fok Mei v Steven Nova a/l Susibalan [2017] 2 PIR [35],
mc

*Closed fracture midshaft of the right femur

RM27,000 Siti Aminah binti Rafli & Anor v Mohd Shadrul Idham bin Sharizan [2015] 2 PIR
[37],sc
RM25,000 Muhammad Afiah b Jamaludin v Shairul Nizam b Md Isa [2020] 2 PIR [11],
RM30,000 Nor Hapiza binti Abu Hassan (Isteri yang sah kepada si mati, Abdul Manap bin
Hamid) v Low Kok Leong & Anor [2017] 1 PIR [11], sc

*Open fracture midshaft of the left femur

RM35,000 Muhammad Shabirin bin Jamaludin v Ishar bin Ahmad [2016] 1 PIR [20],sc
RM30,000 Mohd Shazwan b Zainal Abidin v Triumph Alliance Sdn Bhd & Anor [2021] 1 PIR
[38],sc

*Closed fracture of the left femur

RM40,000 Selvaraja a/l Jakadi v Dzulkefpely bin Haris & Anor [2018] 2 PIR [18],sc
RM30,000 Akhtar Hussain v Murnita bt Md Tulkapi [2021] 1 PIR [34],sc
RM40,000 Muhammad Amirul Izzat b Mohummad Taib v Muhammad Zulfadli b Tondiajid &
Anor [2021] 2 PIR [7], sc

*Closed comminuted fracture midshaft of the left femur

RM35,000 Chong Sau Yong v Ahama Awakueche [2019] 1 PIR [1],sc
RM25,000 Muhammad Nazrin Shah b Nazri v Justin

* Fracture neck of the right femur

RM50,000 Yoon Chee Keong v Muhammad Azfar b Ismail [2020] 1 PIR [40], mc

* Fracture neck of the left femur

RM30,000 Mohan a/l Subramanian v Azlan Shah b Sarip @ Sharif & Anor [2019] 1 PIR [4], sc

35
* Open fracture distal 3rd of the right femur
RM30,000 Muhammad Saiful Suffian bin Zulkafi v Mohamed Razif bin Hashim & Anor [2020] 2
PIR [17], sc

* Closed fracture distal 1/3 of the right femur

RM40,000 Mohamad Sabri b Azami v Mohd Fahruddin b Ishak & Anor [2020] 2 PIR [28], sc

* Closed oblique fracture midshaft of the left femur

RM30,000 Chavaryas Asmath v Zaleha bt Taib [2020] 2 PIR [38], sc

* Closed comminuted fracture midshaft of the right femur

RM40,000 Wan Ahmad Muhsin b Wan Hamdan v Muhd Nazzim b Rasdi & Anor [2021] 1 PIR
[50], sc

* Communicated fracture of the right femoral condyles

RM25,000 Chong Kiat Mian v Tan Kuan She & 2 Ors [2021] 1 PIR [46], sc

* Open fracture and segmental fracture of the left femur

RM35,000 Chong Kiat Mian v Tan Kuan She & 2 Ors [2021] 1 PIR [46], sc

* Grade 3B open fracture distal 1/3 of the right femur

RM40,000 Azmadarmawi b Saupi v Mohd Zamri b Abu Bakar & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [45], sc

* Closed communited fracture intercondylar of the right femur

RM35,000 Mohamad Asri b Mansor v Wan Nor Azman b Wan Salleh [2021] 1 PIR [37], sc

* Segmental fracture midshaft of the right femur with 1 cm lengthening

RM36,000 Lingeswaran a/l Sivakumar v Tan Hung Huat & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [25], sc

* Closed fracture midshaft of the left femur with 2 cm shortening, difficulties in squatting and
tip toeing and a limping gait.
RM50,000 Ruslaidy b Rusli v Saiful Akram Khan b Saidullah Khan & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [29], sc

* Closed displaced fracture midshaft of the right femur

RM40,000 Muhammad Zahier b Rahmat v Weng Yew Min [2021] 1PIR [4], sc

* Multiple bone contusions of the medial and lateral femoral condyles

RM6,000 Vadivello a/l Perumal v Chu Wei Seong [2021] 1 PIR [9],sc

* Malunited closed communicated fracture lower 3rd of the right femur (Note: Plaintiff as a
result suffers from 1.85 cm shortening of right lower limb, varus deformity of the right lower
limb and walks with a limping gait)
RM44,000 Faiz Ullah v Nurul Fatehah bt Abdul Rashed & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [16],sc

36
* Closed fracture proximal 1/3 of the right femur (Note: Suffers Grade 4+ muscle power in the
thigh and knee and occasional pain in hip and thigh aggravated by cold weather and prolonged
standing and walking)
RM25,000 Mohd Shazwan b Zainal Abidin v Triumph Alliance Sdn Bhd & Anor [2021] 1 PIR
[38],sc

* Close fracture supracondylar of the right femur (healed with no disabilities)

RM20,000 Nurul Izzah bt Abu Bakar v Muhamad Helmi b Ismail & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [40],sc

*Closed fracture of the left femur and closed fracture neck of the left femur
RM40,000 Norhidayu bt Saiful Ranie Join v Abidin b Shaaban & Anor [2021] 2 PIR [9],sc

* Open comminuted supracondylar fracture of the left femur with intra-articular fragments and
bone loss
RM60,000 Razin Syafi b Rozren Saad v Wakil Pentadbir Harta Pusaka kepada Ismail b Abdullah
[2021] 1 PIR [11],sc

* Closed fracture of the left femur, open fracture of the left patella with bone loss and chronic
ulcer over the patella and laceration over the left patella
RM45,000 Suria Sarvin a/l Revi Chandran (mendakwa melalui bapa dan sahabat wakilnya, Rei
(global) Chandran a/l Yelumalai) v Muhammad Azam b Khairudin & Anor [2021] 2 PIR,sc

B) Patella Min: RM14,500 Max: RM18,500

RM17,000 Soh Beng Tee v Hanif bin Azha’ri [2016] 2 PIR [34], SC
RM35,000 Muhammad Affendy bin Harun v Ismail bin Abakar [2015] 1 PIR [32],sc
RM15,000 Mohan a/l Subramaniam v Azlan Shah bin Sarip @ Sharif & Anor [2019] 1 PIR
[4],sc

* Closed fracture inferior pole of the right patella with disabilities

RM25,000 Kanniah a/l T Govindasamy v Woon Khun Mei & Anor [2020] 1 PIR [25], mc

* Patella injury
RM14,500 Tang Loon Pau (menuntut bagi kecederaan diri) & 5 Ors v Mohd Salihin b Kotni &
Anor [2020] 2 PIR [41], sc

* Open fracture of the right patella

RM15,000 Wan Ahmad Muhsin b Wan Hamdan v Muhd Nazzim b Rasdi & Anor [2021] 1
PIR [50], sc

* Closed undisplaced fracture of the left patella

RM15,000 Razin Syafi b Rozren Saad v Wakil Pentadbir Harta Pusaka kepada Ismail b Abdullah
[2021] 1 PIR [11],sc

37
 C) Knee ligaments (anterior/posterior cruciate) Min: RM18,000 Max: RM30,000
* Closed undisplaced right posterior cruciate ligament avulsion [Note: The High Court in Civil
Appeal No. DA-11BNCvC-13-06/2016 on July 11, 2018 reduced the award to RM18,000]
RM25,000 Mat Yusoff bin Che Mamat v Mohamad Syafiq Aiman bin Mohd Ghazali & Anor
[2017] 2 PIR [38], mc

* Posterior cruciate ligament injury of the right knee

RM16,500 Nithyanantham a/l Yasudaber v Samsul & Anor [2015] 1 PIR [18],sc

* Avulsion fracture of the left posterior cruciate ligament

RM20,000 Hisham Tariq Azziyad bin Noor Hisham (seorang budak yang mendakwa melalui
ibu dan sahabat wakilnya, Salbiah binti Saain @ Tompang) v Murthy a/l Mariappan
& Anor [2016] 1 PIR [33],sc
RM20,000 Muhammad Azlan Fadzi b Mohamad Anuar v Ragunathan a/l Veerapandian &
Anor [2021] 2 PIR [16],sc

* Tear of the posterior cruciate ligament of the right knee with Grade 3 laxity.
RM5,000 Kanniah a/l T Govindasamy v Woon Khun Mei & Anor [2020] 1 PIR [25], mc

* Grade 3 tear of the posterior cruciate and collateral ligaments of the left knee with posterior
sagging of the left tibia.
RM35,000 Kamala a/p Balachandran & Anor v Mohd Luqman Hakim b Shahrin (Saravanan a/l
Ramu & Anor – Third Parties) [2020] 1 PIR [5],sc

* Closed avulsion fracture of the right posterior cruciate ligament

RM15,000 Irfan Maulana v Herman Shah & Anor [2020] 2 PIR [27], sc

*Torn posterior cruciate ligament and posterior lateral corner instability of the left knee (laxity
of the posterior cruciate ligament with Grade 1 laxity of the lateral collateral ligament and laxity
of the posterolateral corner)
RM30,000 Assokumar a/l Venugopal @ Ramus v Lai Bak Seng & Anor [2020] 2 PIR [25], sc

*Knee ligament injury

RM18,000 Tang Loon Pau (menuntut bagi kecederaan diri) & 5 Ors v Mohd Salihan b Kotni &
Anor [2020] 2 PIR [41], sc

*Grade 2 posterior cruciate ligament laxity of the right knee

RM20,000 Azmadarmawi b Saupi v Mohd Zamri b Abu Bakar & Anor [2021] 1 PIR ,[50], sc
RM20,00 Faiz Ullah v Nurul Fatehah bt Abdul Rashed & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [16],sc

*Anterior cruciate ligament injury

RM25,000 Akhtar Hussain v Murnita bt Md Turkapi [2021] 1 PIR [34], sc

* Right posterior cruciate ligament injury

RM20,000 Ajit Kumar a/l Arumugam v Tee Wi Tiow @ Tay Kuan Tok [2021] 1 PIR [24], sc

38
* Right knee septic arthritis with extensive synovitis and osreochondral lesions
RM10,000 Vadivello a/l Perumal v Chu Wei Seong [2021] 1 PIR [9],sc
(agreed)

* Torn anterior cruciate ligament of the right knee, extensive bone bruising of the tibial and
femoral condyles and lateral collateral ligament strain
RM20,000 Sharvin a/l Kanusamy (seorang budak yang mendakwa melalui bapa dan sahabat
wakilnya, Kanusamy a/l Thanapal) v Mohd Zahir b Majid & Anor[2021] 1 PIR [6],sc

* Grade I laxity of the right acromioclavicular ligament

RM20,000 Mohamad Asri b Mansor v Wan Nor Azman b Wan Salleh [2021] 1 PIR [37], sc

* 0.5 cm puncture wound over the right knee with contaminant (grass and small stones)
RM5,000 Wan Ahmad Muhsin b Wan Hamdan v Muhd Nazzim b Rasdi & Anor [2021] 1
PIR [50], sc

* Jagged wound over the right knee with exposed tendon

RM15,000 Wan Ahmad Muhsin b Wan Hamdan v Muhd Nazzim b Rasdi & Anor [2021] 1
PIR [50], sc

* Heterotopic ossification of the right knee and hip joint and spasticity of the bilateral upper and
lower limbs
RM50,000 Satesh Kumar a/l Johnson (seorang yang kurang upaya yang mendakwa melalui
ibu yang sah dan wakil litigasinya, plaintif kedua) & Anor v Aminuddin b Mohd Zain
& 2 Ors [2021] 1 PIR [59], sc

* Avulsion of the lateral collateral ligament and acute cruciate ligament laxity of the right knee
RM25,000 Nursyahirah bt Fauzi v Mohamad Firdaus b Ismail & Anor) Mohammad Asnawi b
Mohamad Zahir & Anor – Third Parties) [2021] 2 PIR [17], sc

* Closed fracture of the left femur, open fracture of the left patella with bone loss and chronic
ulcer over the patella and laceration over the left patella
RM45,000 Suria Sarvin a/l Revi Chandran (mendakwa melalui bapa dan sahabat wakilnya, Rei
(global) Chandran a/l Yelumalai) v Muhammad Azam b Khairudin & Anor [2021] 2 PIR,sc

39
 D) Tibia (simple fracture) Min: RM18,000 Max: RM30,000
* Fracture of the outer tibia cortex (without disabilities)
RM8,000 Goh Huat Sing v Beh Chan Sin & Anor [2017] 2 PIR [37], sc

* Open fracture of the right tibia

RM15,000 Syukur bin Che Salleh v Mohd Taupief bin Husin & Anor (And Another Suit) [2015] 2
PIR [13],sc

* Closed fracture lateral condyle of the left tibia

RM20,000 Mohd Nizam bin A Rahman v A Hamid bin A Kamar [2016] 2 PIR [51],sc

* Comminuted fracture distal end of the right tibia

RM70,000 Chong Sau Yong v Ahama Awakueche [2019] 1 PIR [1],sc

* Closed fracture of the left tibia

RM30,000 Kamala a/p Balachandran & Anor v Mohd Luqman Hakim b Shahrin (Saravanan a/l
Ramu & Anor – Third Parties) [2020] 1 PIR [5],sc

* Communited fracture distal end of the right tibia

RM20,000 Segar a/l Athigesan & 3 Ors v Amirhamzah b Azman & 3 Ors [2020] 1 PIR [9], sc

* Closed fracture of the left tibial plateau with partial left femoral vein laceration
RM25,000 Sri Nurani bt Eesha v Ahmad Faisal b Mansor & Anor [2020] 2 PIR [12], sc

* Closed right tibial plateau fracture with severe comminution and joint involvement
RM40,000 Saravanan a/l Verapatren v Yoong Hock Oon & Anor [2020] 2 PIR [20], sc

* Closed fracture of the left tibial plateau

RM25,000 Ajit Kumar a/l Arumugam v Tee Wi Tiow @ Tau Kuan Tok [2021] 1 PIR [24],sc

* Malunited open fracture of the left tibia with 5 cm to 6 cm bone loss

RM30,000 Nor Azni b Arshad @ Roslan v Azrul b Ali [2021] 1 PIR [39],sc

* Open fracture of the left tibia and fibula (healed)

RM40,000 Mohd Elias v Hoo Yok Wah [2021] 1 PIR [51],HC

* Open fracture distal 3rd of the right tibia

RM25,000 Ahmad Zulfendi b Anuar v Mohd Shahril b Abdul Rahman [2021] 2 PIR [27],sc

* Closed fracture bicondylar of the right tibial plateau

RM21,000 Ahmad Syamsaimon b Omar v Lishalini a/p Vettyvelan [2021] 2 PIR [35],mc

40
 E) Fibula Min: RM12,000 Max: RM14,500
* Fracture head of the right fibula
RM20,000 AK Nazaruddin bin Ahmad v Abdul Waffiy bin Wahubbi & Anor [2017] 2 PIR [6]

* Closed fracture distal end of the fibula

RM12,000 S Perumal a/l Shanmugam v Hee Chek Chung [2009] 2 PIR [44]

* Closed fracture proximal third of the left fibula

RM15,000 Mohd Shah bin Mat Jusoh v Norsyafiqah binti Roslan @ Ruslan [2018] 2 PIR [50],sc

* Fracture distal 3rd of the right fibula

RM15,000 Wan Anas Hamizan bin Wan Adnan & Anor v Mohd Zamri bin Sa’ari & Anor [2019]
1 PIR [30],sc

* Malunited segmental fracture of the left fibula with 5cm to 6cm bone loss
RM30,000 Nor Azni b Arshad @ Roslan v Azrul b Ali [2021] 1 PIR [39], sc

* Closed fracture of the left fibula

RM20,000 Nurliza Amira bt Mat Isa v Wong Voon Loong [2021] 1 PIR [28], mc

* Open fracture of the right distal fibula with limited range of motion of the ankle joint
RM13,000 Ruslaidy b Rusli v Saiful Akram Khan b Saidullah Khan & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [29],sc

* Fracture head of the left fibula

RM12,000 Muhammad Azlan Fadzi b Mohamad Anuar v Ragunathan a/l Veerapandian &
Anor [2021] 2 PIR [16],sc

* Segemental fracture of the right fibula

RM13,000 Ahmad Zulfendi b Anuar v Mohd Shahril b Abdul Rahman [2021] 2 PIR [27],sc

F) Tibia and fibula Min: RM21,500 Max: RM42,000

* Amputation Lower Limb
Gustillo 3B open comminuted fracture distal third of the left tibia/fibula with
degloving wound over the leg
(Note: 1. An above knee amputation as done 3 days after admission in hospital.
2. 10% was deducted from the total general damages awarded for overlapping)
RM85,000 Wahab bin Bachok v Shik Azrill bin Shik Azizie Rahman & Anor [2018] 1 PIR [29], sc

* Closed fracture distal one third of the left tibia/fibula (without disabilities)
RM30,000 Aidil Aiman bin Mohd Khairul Anuar (seorang kanak-kanak bawah umur yang
mendakwa melalui bapa kandungan dan sahabat wakilnya, Mohd Khairil Anuarbin
Shaari) v Suziana binti Mohd Kasim & Anor [2018] 1 PIR [13], mc

41
* Closed fracture middle third of the left tibia and fibula
RM30,000 Faizal Arif bin Md Raffi (seorang budak yang mendakwa melalui sahabt wakil dan
ibu yang sah, Rohana binti Husain) [2018] 1 PIR [16], mc

* Open fracture of the right tibia and fibula

RM40,000 Kamlin bin Panut & Anor v Nadesan a/l Nagaratnam [2015] 1 PIR [16], sc
RM40,000 Sunil Sunar & 2 Ors v Baloo a/l Murugaiah & Anor [2016] 1 PIR [57], sc

* Closed fracture distal 1/3 of the left tibia/fibula

RM25,000 Hamidul v Abdul Salim & Anor [2019] 1 PIR [15], mc

* Open fracture distal 3rd of the right tibia and fibula

RM40,000 Mohd Azlan b Zainuddin v Abdul Radib b Abdul Rahman & Anor [2020] 1 PIR [35],
scl

* Open fracture right lower end of the tibia and fibula and abrasion wounds over the right knee
RM31,500 Joo Wai Nye (mendakwa bagi diri sendiri dan sebagai bapa yang sah kepada
(global) kanak-kanak bernama Joo Yong Hang) v Mui Siang Lin [2020] 1 PIR [24], mc

* Amputation as a result of comminuted fracture distal end of the right tibia

RM70,000 Chong Sau Yong v Ahama Awakueche [2019] 1 PIR [1], sc

* Schatzker 6 fracture of the left upper end of the tibia and left proximal fibula
RM30,000 Sukri bin Kartho v Mohamad Zulhilmi Izzat bin Zakaria [2020] 2 PIR [21], sc

* Closed fracture distal 3rd of the right tibia and fibula

RM30,000 Nurul Izzah binti Abu Bakar v Muhamad Helmi b Ismail & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [40],sc

* Closed fracture of the left tibial plateau and closed fracture head of the left fibula
RM45,000 Manokar a/l Thanimalay v Pang Siew Yoon [2021] 1 PIR [26], sc

* Contusion of the right anterior shin

RM3,000 Vadivello a/l Perumal v Chu Wei Seong [2021] 1 PIR [9],sc

* Undisplaced fracture head of the right fibula

RM15,000 Vadivello a/l Perumal v Chu Wei Seong [2021] 1 PIR [9],sc

* Extensive bone bruising of the tibial and femoral condyles, torn anterior cruciate ligament of
the right knee and lateral collateral ligament strain
RM20,000 Sharvin a/l Kanusamy (seorang budak yang mendakwa melalui bapa dan sahabat
wakilnya, Kanusamy a/l Thanapal) v Mohd Zahir b Majid & Anor[2021] 1 PIR [6],sc

* Grade 3B open fracture of the right tibia and fibula

RM25,000 Puan Soh Yong v Saiful Nazim b Jahari & Anor (Bala Subramaniam a/l Vellasamy @
Mayandy – Third party) [2021] 1 PIR [10],sc

42
* Swelling of right leg
RM1,000 Puah Soh Yong v Saiful Nazim b Jahari & Anor (Bala Subramaniam a/l Vellasamy @
Mayandy – Third party) [2021] 1 PIR [10],sc

* Fracture of the left tibia and fibula

RM30,000 Mohamad Faiz b Mohamad Rasul v Mohamad Fazlie b Arifin & Anor [2021] 2 PIR
[15],sc

G) Femur/Tibia and fibula (with shortening) Min: RM36,000 Max: RM60,000

* Closed fracture of the right fibula head, closed fracture of the right tibial plateau and open
fracture shaft of the right tibia (RM40,000 (global award)) with medial ligamentous instability in
the right knee (RM20,000)
(Note: The plaintiff as a result suffers from severe disuse osteoporosis, shortening and other
disabilities)
RM60,000 Nor Shuhaida binti Mohd Ali v Ahmad bin Yeop Ahmad [2018] 1 PIR [8]

* Closed comminuted fracture midshaft of the right femur with 1 cm shortening

RM30,000 Allango/l Chandran v Saravanaraajh a/l Arumugam [2018] 1 PIR [22], mc

* Closed fracture midhsaft of the right femur (the injury has healed)
RM30,000 Segar a/l Athigesan & 3 Ors v Amirhamzah b Azman & 3 Ors [2020] 1 PIR [9], sc

* Extensive bone bruising of the femoral and tibial condyles, torn anterior cruciate ligament of
the right knee and lateral collateral ligament strain
RM20,000 Sharvin a/l Kanusamy (seorang budak yang mendakwa melalui bapa dan sahabat
wakilnya, Kanusamy a/l Thanapal) v Mohd Zahir b Majid & Anor[2021] 1 PIR [6],sc

* Fracture midshaft of the right femur (Note: The plaintiff as a result suffers from 3 cm
shortening
RM50,000 Vadivello a/l Perumal v Chu Wei Seong [2021] 1 PIR [9],sc

* Open fracture for the right distal femur (Note: The plaintiff as a result suffers from 2.95 cm
shortening)
RM60,000 Subramaniam a/l Chinno & Anor v Lau Man Faat & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [9],sc

* Gustilo Grade 3B open fracture of the left tibia and fibula with large fragment bone loss over
the left tibia and talipes equinovarus deformity 9Note: Suffers from shortening, severely
reduced range of motion of the left hip joint, right hip joint, left knee and left ankle, difficulty in
walking and climbing staircases, unable to squat, run, kneel and etc.
RM60,000 Shafanita Shila bt Roslan v Azmi b Yaacub [2021] 2 PIR [19],sc

* Right hip dislocation with comminuted acetabulum fracture complicated by avascular necrosis
of the femoral head, superiorly migrated femur with 1 cm – 2 cm shortening
RM100,000 Krishnamoorthy a/l Potharajoo v Ahmad Syamil b Zamri (Nagendran a/l
Subramaniam – Third Party) [2021] 2 PIR [29],sc

43
 H) Medial/ Lateral malleoli Min: RM14,500 Max: RM26,500
* Closed fracture of the right medial malleolus
RM22,000 Lokganathan a/l Segaran v You Qi Qiang [2018] 2 PIR [27],mc

* Non – united closed fracture of the left medial malleolus and closed fracture of the left fibula
RM42,000 Goh Lean Hock v Tsok Heng Fey [2021] 1 PIR [36], mc

* Closed fracture of the medial malleolus, syndesmotic disruption of the left ankle and closed
fracture of the left fibula
RM27,000 Wong Voon Loong v Nurliza Amira bt Mat Isa [2021] 1 PIR [23], HC
(global)

* Fracture of the left laternal malleolus

RM18,000 Sharvin a/l Kanusamy (seorang budak yang mendakwa melalui bapa dan sahabat
wakilnya, Kanusamy a/l Thanapal) v Mohd Zahir b Majid & Anor[2021] 1 PIR [6],sc

* Fracture of the left ankle with permanent reduced range of motion of both dorsiflexion and
plantarflexion
RM20,000 Khor Boon Chai v Lee Ah Ming & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [17],sc

* Closed segmental fracture of the left malleolus and left fibula

RM35,000 Nookman Hafiz b Hashim Badri v Goh Chia Ching & Anor [2019] 1 PIR [50], mc

* Bimalleolar fracture of the left ankle

RM23,000 Mohamad Sabri b Azami v Mohd Fahrudin b Ishak & Anor [2020] 2 PIR [28], sc

* Closed left bimalleolar fracture with intact syndesmotic joint

RM25,000 Wan Ahmad Muhsin b Wan Hamdan v Muhd Nazzim b Rasdi & Anor [2021] 1 PIR
[50], sc

* Stiffness of the left ankle

RM6,000 Wan Ahmad Muhsin b Wan Hamdan v Muhd Nazzim b Rasdi & Anor [2021] 1 PIR
[50], sc

* Closed fracture of the right lateral malleolus with ankle subluxation

RM20,000 Norhasyidan b Mohd Nor @ Mohamad Hazani v Mohd Ridhwan b Asmara & 2 Ors
[2021] 2 PIR [39],sc

44
 I) Tarsal (Navicular, Cuneiform, Cuboid) Min: RM9,500 Max: RM14,500
* Comartment syndrome of the right foot
RM5,000 Ali b Ab Wahab v Zakaria b Ishak & Anor [2009] 1 PIR [1], SC

* Closed fracture of the right medial cuneiform

RM10,000 Right Cuneiform – Ali b Ab Wahab v Zakaria b Ishak & Anor [2009] 1 PIR [1], sc
RM13,000 Ruslaidy b Rusli v Saiful Akram Khan b Saidullah Khan & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [29], sc

* United fracture of the right medial cuneiform

RM10,000 Rogayah bt Ilyas v Muhammad Abrar b Mohd Yunus & Anor [2015] 1 PIR [20], sc

* Open fracture of the right intermediate cuneiform bone

RM12,000 Ahmad Zulfendi b Anuar v Mohd Shahril b Abdul Rahman [2021] 2 PIR [27],sc

* Open fracture of the right navicular bone with bone loss

RM14,000 Ahmad Zulfendi b Anuar v Mohd Shahril b Abdul Rahman [2021] 2 PIR [27],sc

J) Metatarsal Min: RM7,000 Max: RM12,000

* Closed fracture base of the fifth metatarsal bone
RM5,000 Mat Yusoff bin Che Mamat v Mohamad Syafiq Aiman bin Mohd Ghazali & Anor
[2017] 2 PIR [38], mc

* Fracture base of the left third metatarsal bone

RM7,000 Sathi Balan a/l Raman v Semari bin Semar [2017] 1 PIR [22], sc

* Closed comminuted fracture neck of the right fifth metatarsal, closed fracture base of the
fourth metatarsal and closed fracture neck of the right third metatarsal
RM30,000 Cheah Kia Ming v Ratha Krishnan a/l Nadasan & Anor [2017] 1 PIR [49], sc

* Fracture base of the third and fifth metatarsal bones

RM12,000 Muhammad Rafi bin Abdullah v Abdul Rahman bin Hamzah & Anor [2015] 2 PIR
[70],sc

* Closed fracture of the right 5th metatarsal

RM7,000 Fauzi b Abdullah v Mahzuz b Mohammad & Anor [2019] 1 PIR [33], mc

* United open fracture of the left 1st metatarsal

RM8,000 Mohd Shukri b Yang v Mohd Hazwan b Hamidan [2020] 1 PIR [36], sc

* Closed fracture of the right 2nd and 3rd metatarsal bones

RM9,000 Nurul Izzah bt Abu Bakar v Muhamad Helmi b Ismail & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [40], sc

* Fracture of the left 1st, 3rd and 4th metatarsal bones

RM21,000 Sharvin a/l Kanusamy (seorang budak yang mendakwa melalui bapa dan sahabat
wakilnya, Kanusamy a/l Thanapal) v Mohd Zahir b Majid & Anor[2021] 1 PIR [6],sc

45
* Open fracture dislocation of the right 1st tarsometatarsal joint with medial cuneiform bone loss
RM12,000 Ahmad Zulfendi b Anuar v Mohd Shahril b Abdul Rahman [2021] 2 PIR [27],sc

* Open fracture of the right 4th metatarsal bone

RM10,000 Ahmad Zulfendi b Anuar v Mohd Shahril b Abdul Rahman [2021] 2 PIR [27],sc

* Open fracture of the right 5th metatarsal bone

RM10,000 Ahmad Zulfendi b Anuar v Mohd Shahril b Abdul Rahman [2021] 2 PIR [27],sc

K) Phalange Min: RM4,000 Max: RM7,000

* Closed fracture distal phalanx of the left big toe
RM5,000 Sathi Balan a/l Raman v Semari bin Semar [2017] 1 PIR [22], sc

* Closed fracture proximal phalanx of the right big toe

RM6,000 Jackson Ong Wei Hang (m) & Anor v Chew Zhia Han & Anor [2015] 1 PIR [6],sc

* United fracture middle phalanx of the left 3rd toe

RM6,000 Mohd Shukri b Yang v Mohd Hazwan b Hamidan [2020] 1 PIR [36], sc

* Fracture distal phalanx of the right 2nd toe

RM5,000 Wan Widad Aufa bt Wan Halim v Venu a/l Sivasamy & 2 Ors [2020] 1 PIR [10], sc

* Closed undisplaced fracture proximal phalanx of the right big toe

RM7,000 Wan Ahmad Muhsin b Wan Hamdan v Muhd Nazzim b Rasdi & Anor [2021] 1 PIR
[50],sc

* Fracture proximal phalanx of the left big toe

RM6,000 Sharvin a/l Kanusamy (seorang budak yang mendakwa melalui bapa dan sahabat
wakilnya, Kanusamy a/l Thanapal) v Mohd Zahir b Majid & Anor[2021] 1 PIR [6],sc

* Closed fracture proximal and distal phalanx of the right 1st toe
RM6,000 Nurul Izzah bt Abu Bakar v Muhamad Helmi b Ismail & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [40], sc

* Foot drop with left superior and inferior pubic rami fracture and closed fracture of the left
acetabulum
RM50,000 Au Sew Fon v Jason Yeoh Jin Kheng & 6 Ors [2019] 1 PIR [47], sc

* Complete cut of the exterior digitorum longus tendon of the right 2nd and 5th toes which has
healed with stiffness and pain in the foot, patial cut of the extensor digitorum brevis muscle and
deep laceration wound over the dorsum of the right foot which has healed with 16cm
permanent scar.
RM20,000 Suhaila b Ishak & Anor v Kunci Rimbun Sdn Bhd [2020] 1 AMR [19], mc

* Multiple ligaments injury over the right foot

RM15,000 Ahmad Zulfendi b Anuar v Mohd Shahril b Abdul Rahman [2021] 2 PIR [27],sc

46
 * Closed fracture base proximal phalange of the right 4th toe
RM6,000 Ahmad Syamsaimon b Omar v Lishalini a/p Vettyvelan [2021] 2 PIR [35],mc

L) Calcaneum Min: RM12,000 Max: RM18,000

* Open fracture of the right calcaneum with osteomyelitis
RM30,000 Yaakub bin Ibrahim & Anor v Fudzi bin Ghani @ Dol Shah [2017] 2 PIR [55], sc

* Closed fracture of the left calceneum (minimally displaced)

RM13,000 Mureli a/l Kandasamy v Che Saharina binti Othman [2015] 1 PIR [43],sc

* Fracture of the right calcenum with intra-articular fragment fracture

RM20,000 Rubhendran a/l Danapal v Chin Chun Swee & Rodzi Kayu Kayan Sdn Bhd & Anor
[2020] 1 PIR [29], sc

* Closed right calcaneal fracture

RM15,000 Wan Ahmad Muhsin b Wan Hamdan v Muhd Nazzim b Rasdi & Anor [2021] 1 PIR
[50],sc

* Closed fracture of the left calceneum with deltoid ligament injury

RM30,000 Mohd Rashidi b abdul Rahman & 3 Ors v Mohamad Tarmizi b Zahari [2021] 1 PIR
[52],HC

M) Loss of heel pad Min: RM12,000 Max: RM30,000

NONE.

Muscle wasting

RM3,000 Vadivello a/l Perumal v Chu Wei Seong [2021] 1 PIR [9],sc
RM3,000 Ajit Kumar a/l Arumugam v Tee Ti Tiow @ Tay Kuan Tok [2021] 1 PIR [24],sc
RM4,000 Subramaniam a/l Chinno & Anor v Lau Man Faat & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [8],sc
RM5,000 Sharvin a/l Kanusamy (seorang budak yang mendakwa melalui bapa dan sahabat
wakilnya, Kanusamy a/l Thanapal) v Mohd Zahir b Majid & Anor[2021] 1 PIR [6],sc
RM5,000 Akhtar Hussain v Murnita bt Md Tulkapi [2021] 1 PIR [34],sc
RM5,000 Azmadarmawi b Saupi v Mohd Zamri b Abu Bakr & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [45], sc
RM5,000 Mohd Sollehudin b Ismail v Jamilah bt Mohd Yussof [2021] 1 PIR [58],sc
RM5,000 Mohd Elias v Hoo Yok Wah [2021] 1 PIR [56],sc
RM5,000 Aznan b Mohd Ali v Muhammad Erwan b Abdul Wahab [2021] 1 PIR [55],mc
RM5,000 Mohammad Nazirul Ikhwan b Izzaidi v Ain Wahidah bt Abdullah & 2 Ors [2021] 2
PIR [6], sc
RM5,000 Mohamad Faiz b Mohamad Rasul v Mohamad Fazlie b Arifin & Anor [2021] 2 PIR
[15],sc
RM3,000 Ahmad Zulfendi b Anuar v Mohd Shahril b Abdul Rahman [2021] 2 PIR [27],sc

47
* 1 cm in right calf, 1 cm in right quadriceps, 2 cm in right arm and 2.5 cm in right foream
RM3,000 Faiz Ullah v Nurul Fatehah bt Abdul Rashed & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [16], sc

* 1 cm in the left calf and 2 cm in the left thigh

RM5,000 Ruslaidy b Rusli v Saiful Akram Khan b Saidullah Khan & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [29],sc
RM5,000 Suria Sarvin a/l Revi Chandran (mendakwa melalui bapa dan sahabat wakilnya,
Revi Chandran a/l Yelumalai) v Muhammad Azam b Khairudin & Anor [2021] 2 PIR
[20], sc
RM7,000 Shafanita Shila bt Roslan v Azmi b Yaacub [2021] 2 PIR [19],sc

* Muscle wasting in the right thigh

RM3,000 Lingeswaran a/l Sivakumar v Tan Hung Huat & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [25],mc

* Loss of muscle power (reduced to Grade 4) in the left lower leg and muscle wasting (3.5 cm in
the left quadriceps and 4 sm in the left calf)
RM10,000 Nor Azni b Arshad @ Roslan v Azrul b Ali [2021] 1 PIR [39],sc

* 2 cm muscle wasting in the left calf and superficial abrasion wound over the left medial
malleolus
RM3,500 Goh Lean Hock v Tsok Heng Fey [2021] 1 PIR [360,mc

* 2 cm muscle wasting in the right thigh

RM4,000 Mohamad Asri b Mansor v Wan Nor Azman b Wan Salleh [2021] 1 PIR [37], sc
RM3,000 Puan Soh Yong v Saiful Nazim b Jahari & Anor (Bala Subramaniam a/l Vellasamy @
Mayandy – Third party) [2021] 1 PIR [10],sc

* Muscle wasting in the right quadriceps and glute

RM5,000 Nurul Izzah bt Abu Bakar v Muhamad Helmi b Ismail & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [40], sc

* 3 cm muscle wasting in the right thigh

RM5,000 Wan Ahmad Muhsin b Wan Hamdan v Muhd Nazzim b Rasdi & Anor [2021] 1 PIR
[50],sc

* 1 cm in the left thigh and 2 cm in the left calf

RM5,000 Norhidayu bt Saiful Ranie Join v Abidin b Shaaban & Anor [2021] 2 PIR [9],sc

* Muscle wasting in the left calf and thigh

RM3,000 Razin Syafi b Rozren Saad v Wakil Pentadbir Harta Pusaka kepada Ismail b Abdullah
[2021] 1 PIR [11],sc

48
49
AMPUTATIONS OF LEG

A) Big toe Min: RM12,000 Max: RM14,500

* Total amputation of the right big toe through the distal phalanx
RM17,000 Hajamohideen b Sayad v Lawrence Tan Kean Lun [2013] 2 PIR [59], SC

B) Little Toe Min: RM7,000 Max: RM9,500

* Amputation of left toe
RM6,000 Hairol Azman b Abdullah v Ooi Kee Loon & Anor [2013] 1 PIR [5], SC

C) 2-4 Toes Min: RM14,500 Max: RM30,000

* Amputation of the tip of the right first and second toes
RM25,000 Ahmad Aizat bin Kamarudin & Anor v Muhamad Azran bin Hashim & Anor [2015] 1
PIR [47], sc

* Partial amputation of the right fourth toe at PIP level and partial amputation of the fifth toe at
the proximal phalanx level
RM14,000 Zaiton bt Basirun & Anor v Fadlishan Husni b Abdullah Sani [2019] 1 PIR [10], sc

* Amputation of the right 3rd, 4th and 5th toes (Ray’s amputation
RM24,000 Mohamad Sabri b Azami v Mohd Fahrudin b Ishak & Anor [2020] 2 PIR [28], sc

D) All Toes Min: RM21,500 Max: RM36,500

NONE.

E) Foot Min: RM30,000 Max: RM48,500

*Crush injury of the right foot with amputation of the right foot through the tarsometatarsal
joint
RM35,000 Muhammad Izwan bin Jamaludin v Muhammad Israf bin Ismail & Anor [2016] 2 PIR
[22], SC

F) At ankle Min: RM55,000 Max: RM60,500

NONE.

50
 G) Below Knee Min: RM66,500 Max: RM79,000
* Right below knee amputation
RM65,000 Mohamad Afandi bin Mansor v Tan Lee Guan [2017] 1 PIR [38], SC

* Below knee amputation of the right leg (resulting from Gustillo-Anderson Grade 3C open
fracture distal 3rd of the right tibia and fibula with total cut of the dorsalis pedis artery and
tibialis anterior tendon)
RM70,000 Muhammad Saiful Suffan bin Zulkifli v Mohamed Razif bin Hashim & Anor [2020] 2
PIR [17], sc

* Below knee right leg amputation

RM70,000 Mohamad Sabri b Azami v Mohd Fahrudin b Ishak & Anor [2020] 2 PIR [28], sc

H) Through Knee Min: RM79,000 Max: RM84,000

NONE.

I) Above knee Min: RM84,000 Max: RM90,000

* Left above knee amputation
RM75,000 Mohamad Afandi bin Mansor v Tan Lee Guan [2017] 1 PIR [38], SC
RM100,000 Azmadarmawi b Saupi v Moh Zamri b Abu Bakar & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [45], sc

* Right above knee amputation

RM80,000 Rajkumar a/l Rathakrishnan v Sintah Mani Ganapati a/l Sasinaran & 2 Ors [2017] 1
PIR [63], SC

* Above knee amputation

RM90,000 Mohamad Hamzi v Zakaria bin Omar (disaman sebagai wakil diri harta pesaka
Mohamad Izaad bin Zakaria) (Kamarudin bin Wan – Third Party) [2015] 2 PIR [33],
sc
RM100,000 Tinagarr a/l Murthy v Yuen Soon Wei [2019] 1 PIR [62], sc

* Fracture distal phalanx of the right 2nd toe

RM5,000 Wan Widad Aufa bt Wan Halim v Venu a/l Sivasamy & 2 Ors [2020] 1 PIR [10], sc

* Closed undisplaced fracture proximal phalanx of the right big toe

RM7,000 Wan Ahmad Muhsin b Wan Hamdan v Muhd Nazzim b Rasdi & Anor [2021] 1 PIR
[50],sc

51
 J) At Hip Min: RM120,000 Max: RM145,000
* Amputation of Right leg
RM80,000 Syukur bin Che Salleh v Mohd Taupief bin Husin & Anor (And Another Suit) [2015] 2
PIR [13], sc

* Bilaterial Amputation
RM170,000 Arief Fitri bin Ahmad Zainuddin v Mohd Tarmizi bin Mat Hassan & Anor
[2015] 2 PIR [67]

H) At Ankle Min: RM110,000 Max: RM120,000

NONE

I) Below Knee Min: RM130,000 Max: RM142,000

NONE

J) Through Knee Min: RM150,000 Max: RM165,000

NONE

K) Above Knee Min: RM175,000 Max: RM195,000

NONE

L) At Hip Min: RM255,000 Max: RM310,000

NONE

52
SPINAL/NERVE INJURIES

A) Simple fracture of the body of a vertebrae Min: RM14,500 Max: RM18,000

(wedge/compression)

RM17,000 Idris bin Taha v Ahmad Hazill bin Mohd A Bakar [2017] 1 PIR [15], sc

* Fracture of the C6 right lamina

RM10,000 Siti Selmi bt Sayut menuntut sebagai wakil diri harta pesaka Sahrul Nizam b Kamal,
si mati) v Abdul Wahid b Muhammad Rozali & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [7], sc

* Bone grafting from C4 to C6

RM10,000 Dominic Menondraj a/l Satenasamy v Sugumar a/l Neelamagam [2021] 1 PIR [15],
sc

* Bone grafting
RM17,000 Idris bin Taha v Ahmad Hazill bin Mohd A Bakar [2017] 1 PIR [15], sc
RM7,000 Shafanita Shila bt Roslan v Azmi b Yaacub [2021] 2 PIR [19],sc
RM7,000 Ahmad Zulfendi b Anuar v Mohd Shahril b Abdul Rahman [2021] 2 PIR [27],sc

B) Fractures of 2 – 5 vertebra Min: RM22,000 Max: RM42,000

* Fracture of C2 and C4
RM20,000 Mohamad Al-Amen bin Ahmad Abd Rahman v Rohimi bin Yusof & Anor [2017] 2 PIR
[29], SC

* Fracture spinous process of L1, L2 and L3 and cervical vertebrae odontoid fracture (C2)
RM50,000 Abdul Azim bin Abdul Halim v Vinod Kannan a/l Sivajothi & Anor [2017] 2 PIR [50],
SC

* Fracture affecting the tranverse process of L1-L4, contusion of the L4 vertebral body, mild
central disc bulge at the L4/L5 level and bilateral psoas haematoma
RM50,000 Muhamad Abdul Azuddin b Azmi v Muhammad Amir Zhafri b Abd Hisham & 2 Ors
[2020] 2 PIR [29], sc

* Fracture anterior column of C5/C6 (Note: The plaintiff as a result suffers from residual
dysphagia, ability to only consume soft food, decreased sensation below the C8/T1 dermatome
and reduced range of movement of the cervical spine.
RM50,000 Dominic Menondraj a/l Satenasamy v Sugumar a/l Neelamagam [2021] 1 PIR [15],
sc

* Bone oedema at first coccygeal piece and S4

RM5,000 Masnaliza bt Mislihan & Ors v Ahmad b Abdul Hamid [2021] 1 PIR [47], sc

53
* Compression fracture of the T12 vertebra and spinous process fracture of the T11 vertebra
RM30,000 Puah Soh Yong v Saiful Nazim b Jahari & Anor (Bala Subramaniam a/l Vellasamy @
Mayandy – Third party) [2021] 1 PIR [10],sc

* Fracture of the L1, T12, S1 and S2 vertebral body

RM70,000 Nursyahirah bt Fauzi v Mohamad Firdaus b Ismail & Anor) Mohammad Asnawi b
Mohamad Zahir & Anor – Third Parties) [2021] 2 PIR [17], sc

C) Fractures of vertebra causing restriction of Min: RM22,000 Max: RM42,000

movement of neck or back
* Fracture of the C2 anterior vertebral body (Note: The plaintiff as a result suffers from reduced
range of motion of the cervical spine, altantoaxial subluxation of the vertebra and limited range
of movement of the neck with the head tilted to the left.
RM25,000 Paramasivam a/l RJ Raman v Ko Bing Liyong & Anor [2017] 2 PIR [54], sc

*C1-C2 cervical spine subluxation

RM30,000 Muhammad Shahid b Mohd Toha v Alwee Alywin b Azlim [2020] 2 PIR [40], sc

* T9 unstable burst fracture with 1.3 cm (46%) permanent compression of the T9 vertebra body,
fracture of the T7 and T8 spinous process with anterolisthesis of T8 over T9 and lamina fracture
of T8.
RM60,000 Askuri Hasan v Soo Soek Yew [2021] 1 PIR [44], sc

* Fracture of the T1 spinous process

RM25,000 Siti Selmi bt Sayut menuntut sebagai wakil diri harta pesaka Sahrul Nizam b Kamal,
si mati) v Abdul Wahid b Muhammad Rozali & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [7], sc

* Fracture of the T3 right tranverse process

RM25,000 Siti Selmi bt Sayut menuntut sebagai wakil diri harta pesaka Sahrul Nizam b Kamal,
si mati) v Abdul Wahid b Muhammad Rozali & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [7], sc

* L2 fracture of the lumbar spine with significant kyphosis with 1.4cm permanent compression
and reduced lumbar flexion
RM30,000 Khor Boon Chai v Lee Ah Ming & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [17],sc

* L5 transverse process fracture

RM30,000 Azmadarmawi b Saupi v Mohd Zamri b Abu Bakar & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [45],sc

* Closed fracture anterior S3 of the spine

RM25,000 Masnaliza bt Mislihan & 2 Ors v Ahmad b Abdul Hamid [2021] 1 PIR [47], sc

* T9 unstable burst fracture with 1.3 cm (46%) permanent compression of the T9 vertebra body,
fracture of the T7 and T8 spinous process with anterolisthesis of T8 and T9 and lamina fracture
of T8
RM60,000 Askuri Hasan v Soo Soek Yew [2021] 1 PIR [44],sc

54
* Permanent right L5 transverse process fracture
RM20,000 Mohd Sollehudin b Ismail v Jamilah bt Mohd Yussof [2021] 1 PIR [58], sc

D) Fracture of the vertebra causing quadraplegia Min: RM300,000 Max: RM420,000

* Compression fracture over T8-T9 resulting in paraplegia, erectile dysfunction and muscle
wasting in the left calf.
RM250,000 Sathya Seelan a/l Elumalai v Siti Nur Diyanah binti Abidin & Anor [2017] 2 PIR [21],
SC

* Quadraplegia
RM400,000 Adventist Hospital & Clinic Services (M) v Kee Boon Suan & Anor (And Another
Suit) [2015] 2 PIR [15], hc

* Severe and irreversible brain damage (severe cerebral palsy, spastic quadriplegia and profound
global development delay with bowel and bladder incontinence, cortical visual impairment,
frequent constipation, infantile epilepsy, intractable seizures at 15 hours of life, lumbar puncture
done on day 3 of life, recurrent myoclonic seizures, severe gastroesophageal reflux problem,
severe metabolic acidosis at birth and id totally dependent on others for care and needs) and hip
dislocation
RM350,000 Nurul Husna binti Muhammad Hafiz (seoerang bayi yang menyaman melalui bapa
dan wakil litigasinya, Muhammad Hafiz bin Abd Wasit) & Anor v Kerejaan
Malaysia & 29 Ors [2015] 1 PIR [2], HC

E) Fracture of the vertebra causing paraplegia Min: RM220,000 Max: RM300,000

* Grade C paraplegia resulting from unstable burst fracture of the T12 vertebra requiring
posterior decompression/laminectomy, posterior instrumentation and bony fusion/grafting
from T10 to T12 levels
RM210,000 Kalai Selvan a/l Arumugam v Santran a/l Supramaniam & Anor [2015] 2 PIR [44]

* Paraparesis of the lower limbs (sensory impairment from T4 dermatome and below,
neurogenic bladder with dysuria, nocturnal enuresis, partial urinary retention, bilateral lower
limb weakness and inability to stand or walk for long periods) associated with post traumatic
myelopathy (long segment intramedullary lesion from C4 to T10)
RM150,000 Muhammad Azim b Mohamad Sabri v Ameer Hussain Rajpar & anor [2021] 2 PIR
[8],sc

F) Brachial plexus injury to upper limb Min: RM50,000 Max: RM80,000

* Left brachial plexus injury

RM70,000 Thiyagarajan a/l Minuandy v Nadirah binti Zamri [2017] 2 PIR [45],sc

* Right brachial plexus injury

RM45,000 Hanif bin Muhamad Pauzi v Kovalan a/l Rajoo [2015] 2 PIR [31],sc

55
 * T9 unstable burst fracture with 1.3 cm (46%) permanent compression of the T9 vertebra body,
fracture of the T7 and T8 spinous process with anterolisthesis of T8 over T9 and lamina fracture
of T8.
RM60,000 Askuri Hasan v Soo Soek Yew [2021] 1 PIR [44], sc

* Complete brachial plexus injury of the left upper limb and compound segemental fractures of
the left radius and ulna with flexor muscle cut and ischemia
RM90,000 Purubakaran a/l Sandran v Mohammad Benjamin b Ahmad Faizal & 2 Ors [2021] 1
PIR[19], sc

G) Whiplash injury Min: RM9,000 Max: RM14,500

* Whiplash injury and reversal of normal cervical lordosis
RM10,000 Ameleena Maikal Yasu v Lee siew Hin [2016] 1PIR [49],sc

H) Sympathetic dystrophy (single – multiple) Min: RM3,000 Max: RM8,000

NONE

56
BRAIN

A) Cerebral concussion/loss of consciousness Min & Max: RM6,000

* Cerebral Concussion
RM5,000 Idris bin Taha v Ahmad Hazill bin Mohd A Bakar [2017] 1 PIR [15], sc
RM5,000 Rohana binti Rosly v Siti Zuraaidah binti Sulaiman [2015] 1 PIR [25},
RM5,000 Soh Beng Tee v Hanif bin Azha’ri [2016] 2 PIR [34],sc
RM5,000 Khalijah binti Man & Anor v Mohd Nazri bin Abu Bakar & Anor [2018] 2 PIR [38],sc
RM5,000 Badrul Adli bin Yusri ( mendakwa melalui bapa dan sahabat wakilnya, Yusri bin
Zainon ) & Anor v Wakil Peribadi Kepada Abu Mansor bin Mat Zin (si mati) & Anor
[2019] 1 PIR [11] , mc
RM4,000 Kanniah a/l T Govindasamy v Woon Khun Mei & Anor [2020] 1 PIR [25], mc
RM5,000 Saravanan a/l Krishnan v Nur Atika bt Che May [2020] 1 PIR [17], mc
RM5,000 Raka v Kamarudin bin Alias [2020] 2 PIR [19], sc
RM5,500 Irfan Maulana v Herman Shah & Anor [2020] 2 PIR [27],sc
RM5,000 Muhammad Shahid b Mohd Toha v Alwee Alywin b Azlim [2020] 2 PIR [40], sc
RM5,500 Azmadarmawi b Saupi v Mohd Zamri b Abu Bakar & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [45], sc
RM5,000 Vadivello a/l Perumal v Chu Wei Seong [2021] 1 PIR [6], sc
RM6,000 Sharvin a/l Kanusamy (seorang budak yang mendakwa melalui bapa dan seahabat
wakilnya, Kanusamy a/l Thanapal) v Mohd Zahir b Majid & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [6], sc
RM6,000 Manokar a/l Thanimalay v Pang Siew Yoon [2021] 1 PIR [26],sc
RM6,000 Mohd Rashidi b Abdul Rahman & 3 Ors v Mohamad Tarmizi b Zahari [2021] 1 PIR
[52], HC
RM5,000 Ahmad Zulfendi b Anuar v Mohd Shahril b Abdul Rahman [2021] 2 PIR [27],sc

* Loss of Consciousness
RM5,500 Chong Kiat Mian v Tan Kuan She & 2 Ors [2021] 1 PIR [46], sc
RM5,000 Faiz Ullah v Nurul Fatehah bt Abdul Rashed & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [16],sc
RM5,000 Dominic Menondraj a/l Satenasamy v Sugumar a/l Neelamagam [2021] 1 PIR [15],
sc
RM5,500 Ruslaidy b Rusli v Saiful Akram Khan b Saidullah Khan & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [29], sc

* Loss of consciousness with retrograde amnesia

RM20,000 Azmadarmawi b Saupi v Mohd Zamri b Abu Bakar & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [45], sc

B) Sub dural haematoma with burr hole Min: RM18,000 Max: RM30,000
craniotomy
* Head injury- brain contusion and left frontoparietal acute subdural haematoma with cerebral
oedema
RM300,000 Ang Siang Hock (seorang yang tidak berupaya dan mendakwa melalui Koh Beng
Guek, sebagai wakilnya) v Ang Yee Cheng & Anor [2016] 2 PIR [47], sc

57
 C) Mild personality or behavioural changes Min: RM24,000 Max: RM48,500
* Mild head injury (Note: The plaintiff as a result suffers from mild impairment of immediate
recall, milk degree of impaired information processing speed, change in behavioural symptoms,
headaches and vertigo)
RM45,000 Mohd Fazli bin Sulaiman v Seeni Ibrahim Naina Mohamed & Anor [2016] 2 PIR
[60], sc

* Traumatic brain injury (without disabilities)

RM45,000 Mohd Rashidi b Abdul Rahman & 3 Ors v Mohamad Tarmizi b Zahari [2021] 1 PIR
[57], sc

* Neurological deficit in the right lower limb – Reduced sensation, foot drop, high heel limping
gait, stiffness and difficulty in wearing slipper
RM40,000 Mohd Sollehudin b Ismail v Jamilah bt Mohd Yussof [2021] 1 PIR [58], sc

D) Memory impairment Min: RM24,000 Max: RM55,000

* Severe head injury (diffuse axonal injury, tissue tear haemorrhage and mild intraventricular
haemorrhage)
Note: -
1. The plaintiff as a result suffers from bilateral anosmia, brain damage, gait impairment, mild
impairment of recent memory, post-concission sundrome and weakness of the left upper
limb.
2. The High Court, Alor Setar on June 9, 2014 in Civil Appeal No. 12(B)NCvC-11912/2013
reduced the award to RM60,000.)

RM200,000 Maha Devi a/p Elia Perumal & Anor v Muhammad Zawawi bin Zabidi & Anor
[2016] 1 PIR [53], sc

E) Intellectual impairment Min: RM60,000 Max: RM180,000

* Moderate head injury with skill fracture and intracranial bleeding of the subdural and
intraparenchymal types (Note: The plaintiff as a result suffers from subjective symptoms (dizzy
spells and headaches) and cognitive impairment (problems with concentration, recall and verbal
registration))
RM100,000 Safwan Syafi bin Abdul Latife v Tan Tee Koon [2017] 2 PIR [42], sc

* Severe traumatic brain injury (right temporal extradural haemorrhage and parietal subdural
haemorrhage with slight midline shift and intraparenchymal bleed) with Glasgow coma score
12/15. Note:
1. The plaintiff as a result suffers from short term memory impairment, long term memory
impairment, intellectual impairment (impared judgement and execution), constructional
apraxia, acalculia, post traumatic amnesia, retrograde amnesia, insomnia and mood
affective disorder)
RM250,000 Mohd Syukor b Mohd Rasip v Nur Diana bt Ismail & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [3], sc

58
 F) Motor impairment (paralysis on one side of Min: RM48,000 Max: RM80,000
body)
* Head injury with bifrontal perhemorrahagic oedema (Note: Plaintiff as a result suffers from
paraparesis and permanent cognitive impairment)
RM100,000 Muhammad Azim b Mohammad Sabri v Ameer Hussain Rajpar & Anor [2021] 2
PIR [8],sc

G) Bedridden state with awareness Min: RM300,000 Max: RM420,000

NONE

H) Persistent vegetative state (coma) Min: RM180,000 Max: RM240,000

* Hypoxic Ischemic encephalopaty

RM300,000 Mariesosela a/p Anthony (mendakwa melalui suami dan wakil litigasi, Arigam a/l
Sinnappan) v Kerajaan Malaysia & 6 Ors [2021] 2 PIR [2], HC

* Pain and suffering and loss of amenities of life – Stage II hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy with
quadriplegic cerebral palsy, global development delay and premature
RM200,000 Yap Sao Leong & Anor (both suing as administartors to the estate of Yap Yi Hong,
deceased) v Kerajaan Malaysia & 41 Ors [2021] 2 PIR [14], HC

* Severe traumatic brain injury with left frontal extradural haemorrhage resulting in a persistent
vegetative state (Note: As the deceased had passed away on August 28, 2020, about 14 months
after the date of the accident)
RM400,000 Salwa bt Masi (suing as dependant and administratrix of the estate of Fardarin b
Sunan (deceased) pursuant to sections 7 & 8 of the Civil Law Act 1956) & Anor v
Alvian Sipatau & Anor [2021] 2 PIR [30],sc

59
EYES

A) Haematoma to the eyes Min: RM3,000 Max: RM4,000

* Right eye periorbital haematoma with sunconjunctival haemorrhage
RM5,000 Siti Nurliyana binti Yahaya v Jalil bin Ramli [2017] 2 PIR [65], mc

* Bilateral periorbital haematoma with subconjuction ecchymosis

RM5,000 Mahussein bin Musa v Noorhisham bin Mohamad [2015] 2 PIR [68],sc

* Right periorbital haematoma

RM3,000 Subramaniam a/l K Muthiah v Lee Foo Che
RM5,000 Mohd Rashidi b Abdul Rahman & 3 Ors v Mohamad Tarmizi b Zahari [2021] 1PIR
[57], sc

* Left periorbital haematoma

RM3,500 Goh Hock Siang v Hardeep Singh [2018] 2 PIR [25],sc

* Bilateral periorbital oedema and haematoma and right eye subconjunctival haemorrhage
RM6,000 Mohammad Azizul Hakim b Pilus v Salim b Saad [2019] 1 PIR [59], sc

* Bilateral eye periorbital haematoma

RM5,000 Wan Widad Aufa bt Wan Halim v Venu a/l Sivasamy & 2 Ors [2020] 1 PIR [10], sc
RM5,000 Raka v Kamarudin bin Alias [2020] 2 PIR [19], sc

* Right eye periobital haematoma with laceration wound over the left upper eyelid and scars.
RM10,000 Irfan Maulana v Herman Shah & Anor [2020] 2 PIR [27],sc

* Left eye periorbital haematoma with sunconjunctival haemorrhage

RM16,000 Muhammad Shafiq Shazwan b Jameri v Azmi b Ibrahim [2021] 1 PIR [48], sc

* Right eye periorbital haematoma with sunconjunctival haemorrhage and right orbital ridge and
right orbital floor fracture
RM7,000 Muhammad Alif Farhan b Haris v Sivakumar a/l Rahman (Wakil Diri Kepada Harta
(global) Pusaka Si Mati, Gurvinder Singh a/l Jasbant Singh & Anor – Third Parties) [2021] 2
PIR [31],HC

B) Loss of peripheral vision Min: RM12,000 Max: RM24,000

* Tunnel vision loss (Note: 10% was deducted from the general damages awarded for the
injuries suffered by the plaintiff for overlapping)
RM10,000 Mohd Nur Akmal bin Yahya (suing by Yahya bin Eni, his father, next friend and
litigation representative) v Rickson anak Akup & Anor [2017] 1 PIR 27, sc

60
 C) Diplopia (double vision) Min: RM12,000 Max: RM24,000
* Right eye subconjunctival haemorrhage with diplopia (RM 3,000 [eye haemorrhage] +
RM16,500 [Diplopia] [Note: The sessions court had initially awarded RM22,000 (global) for this
injury (see [2016] 2 PIR [39])
RM16,500 Punniyamoorthy a/l Perumal & Anor v Mohd Syahir bin Azhar [2017] 1 PIR [5], HC

* Diplopia
RM8,000 Sin Bee Chin (menuntut sebagai emak dan orang tanggungan yang sah kepada Tew
Zhi Qing (si mati) dan bagi orang-orang tanggungan yang lain) & 2 Ors v Chin Chow
Leong & 2 Ors [2020] 1 PIR [49], sc

D) Traumatic cataract Min: RM6,000 Max:RM9,500

• NONE.

E) 20 % - 50% loss of vision in 1 eye Min: RM24,000 Max: RM36,000

* Permanent loss of 20% of the vision in the right eye with temporary blindness for three
months
RM30,000 Noresah binti Yatim v Muthu a/l Ramasamy & Anor [2017] 1 PIR [31], sc

F) 20% - 50% loss of vision in both eyes Min: RM42,000 Max: RM85,000
* Loss of vision of 50% in both eyes
RM60,000 Mohd Nur Akmal bin Yahya (suing by Yahya bin Eni, his father, next friend and
litigation representative) v Rickson anak Akup & Anor [2017] 1 PIR [27], sc

G) 50%-80% loss of vision in 1 eye Min: RM30,000 Max: RM72,000

* Traumatic mydriasis of the right eye- loss of 75% visual function
RM60,000 Zaiton bt Basirun & Anor v Fadlisham Husni bin Abdullah Sani [2019] 1 PIR [10], sc

H) 50%-80% loss of vision in both eyes Min: RM60,000 Max: RM145,000

* Loss of vision of 50% in both eyes
RM60,000 Mohd Nur Akmal bin Yahya (suing by Yahya bin Eni, his father, next friend and
litigation representative) v Rickson anak Akup & Anor [2017] 1 PIR [27], sc

* Loss of all useful vision in the right eye and 80% permanent visual disablement in the left eye
RM160,000 Faiz Ullah v Nurul Fatehah bt Abdul Rashed & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [16],sc

I) Blindness in 1 eye Min: RM84,000 Max: RM90,000

RM80,000 Muhammad bin Hassan v Lam Ngit Choi & Anor [2017] 1 PIR [40], sc

J) Blindness in both eyes Min: RM210,000 Max: RM220,000

NONE.

61
 K) Loss of Eye Min: RM90,000 Max: RM100,000
NONE.

L) Loss of Both eyes Min: 220,000 Max: 230,000

NONE.

EARS AND HEARING

A) Ear ripped off Min: RM6,000 Max: RM18,000

* Degloving wound on posterior aspect on left ear
RM10,000 Man Bahadur Limbu v Kee Thian Phong & Anor [2013] 2 PIR [27],sc

B) Tinnitus Min: RM12,000 Max: RM24,000

NONE.

C) Partial loss of hearing in 1 ear Min: RM10,000 Max: RM30,000

* Left ear moderately conductive hearing loss [Note: 10% was deducted from the general
damages awarded for the injuries suffered by the plaintiff for overlapping]
RM15,000 Mohd Nur Akmal bin Yahya (suing by Yahya bin Eni, his father, next friend and
litigation representative) v Rickson anak Akup & Anor [2017] 1 PIR [27], sc

* Partial loss of hearing in the right ear

RM20,000 Nur Syamimi bt Muhammad Zahari (Kanak-kanak yang masih di bawah umur dan
tindakan ini dibawa oleh bapanya, Muhammad Zahari b Harun sebagai wakil
sahabatnya) v Nursedia bt Abdul Rani [2013] 2 PIR [63], sc

* Hearing loss
RM15,000 Norhasyidan b Mohd Nor @ Mohamad Hazani v Mohd Ridhwan b Asmara & 2 Ors
[2021] 2 PIR [39],sc

D) Partial loss of hearing in both ears Min: RM36,000 Max: RM55,000

NONE.

E) Complete loss of hearing in 1 ear Min: RM42,000 Max: RM48,500

* Loss of hearing (sensorineural) of almost 100% in the right eat
RM40,000 Shahrul Izewan b Mat Husin v Majlis Perbandaran Selayang & Anor (Pengarah
Jabatan Kerja Raya Daerah Gombak – Third Party) [2017] 1 PIR [43], sc

* Right ear hearing loss – damage to the right vestibulocochlear nerve causing severe hearing loss
estimated at 60%
RM26,000 Arshad bin Salleh v Mohan a/l Selvakumar [2018 1 PIR [2],sc

F) Complete loss of hearing in both ears Min: 110,000 Max: 120,000

NONE.

62
VOICE BOX (LARYNX)

Hoarseness RM12,000 - RM30,000

Whisper RM24,000 - RM42,000
Loss of voice RM96,500 - RM145,000

LUNGS
A) Collapse of lung (puncture) Min: RM6,000 Max: RM7,500
* Lung Contusion
RM7,000 Rohimah bt Hj Saad v Aklah bt Abdullah & Anor [2012] 2 PIR [22], sc

* Left pneumothorax with right lung contusion

RM10,000 Muhammad Wafi b Majayadin v Logeswaran a/l Subramaniam & 3 Ors [2011] 2
PIR [79]

* Minimal right apical pneumothorax

RM7,000 Sia Bee Chin (menuntut sebagai emak dan orang tanggungan yang sah kepada Tew
Zhi Qing (si mati) dan bagi orang-orang tanggungan yang lain) & 2 Ors v Chin Chow
Leong & 2 Ors [2020] 1 PIR [49], sc

* Lung contusion with pneumothorax

RM6,000 Muhammad Shahid b Mohd Toha v Alwee Alywin b Azlim [2020] 2 PIR [40], sc

* Bilateral lung injury with right 6th rib fracture

RM35,000 Askuri Hasan v Soo Soek Yew [2021] 1 PIR [44], sc

* Right sided pneumothorax

RM8,000 Siti Selmi bt Sayut (menuntut sebagai wakil diri harta pesaka Sahrul Nizam b
Kamal, si mati) v Abdul Wahid b Muhammad Rozali & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [7], sc

* Bruises over the left chest wall and left pneumothorax

RM10,000 Muhammad Shafiq Shazwan b Jameri v Azmi b Ibrahim [2021] 1 PIR [48], sc

* Pneumothorax and lung contusion with fracture of the left 6th rib
RM15,000 Mohamad Faiz b Mohamad Rasul v Mohamad Fazlie b Arifin & Anor [2021] 2 PIR
[15], sc

63
 B) Haemopneumothorax Min: RM6,000 Max: RM7,500
* Right Haemopneumothorax
RM10,000 Zulkefli b Sofian v Abdullah b Musa & Anor [2009] 1 PIR [45]

* Lung contusion and right lung collapse with right haemopneumothorax

RM30,000 Param Anand a/l Murugesu v Radhakrishnan a/l Sathasivam [2020] 1 PIR [38], sc

* Severe chest and lung contusion, deformity of the thoracic cage and left haemopneumothorax
(Note: 10% was deducted from the award made for these 3 injuries, for overlapping)
RM22,500 Wong Jong Ann v Chin Wei Jin & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [10],sc

C) Diaphragm damage Min: RM18,000 Max: RM22,000

NONE.

D) Gastrointestinal tract
* Oesophagus, Pharynx & Trachea – Retropharyngeal abcess with oesophageal and tracheal
perforation secondary to previous cervical implant
RM15,000 Dominic Menondraj a/l Satenasamy v Sugumar a/l Neelamagam [2021] 1 PIR
[15], sc

64
ABDOMEN

A) Laporotomy Min: RM9,500 Max: RM12,000

* Retro peritoneal bleeding with laparotomy done
RM15,000 Azimi b Bahari v Mohd Zaini b Ahmad & 2 Ors [2009] 1 PIR [56], sc

* Intra- abdominal injury (right retroperitoneal haematoma) requiring laparotomy

RM13,000 Muhammad Nazrin Shah bin Nazri v Justin a/l Erdium & 2 Ors [2019] 1 PR [25],mc

* Intra-abdominal injuries which necessitated laparotomy with repair of the serosal tear over the
transverse colon relaparotomy
RM45,000 Wong Fui Chen & 2 Ors v Chin Wen Cheng & Anor (Wong Sir Sheong & Anor – Third
Party) [2019] 2 PIR [31], sc

* Laparotomy
RM15,000 Wong Fui Chen & 2 Ors v Chin Wen Cheng & Anor (Wong Sir Sheong & Anor – Third
Party) [2019] 2 PIR [31], sc

* Intra-abdominal injury
RM5,000 Muhammad Azlan Fadzi b Mohamad Anuar v Ragunathan a/l Veerapandian &
Anor [2021] 2 PR [16],mc

B) Removal of spleen Min: RM12,000 Max: RM14,500

* Splenectomy (removal of the spleen)

RM14,500 Wong Fui Chen & 2 Ors v Chin Wen Cheng & Anor (Wong Sir Sheong & Anor – Third
Party) [2019] 2 PIR [31], sc

* Grade V spleen injury

RM30,000 Mohamad Faiz b Mohamad Rasul v Mohamad Fazlie b Arifin & Anor [2021] 2 PIR
[15],sc

C) Removal of 1 kidney Min: RM36,000 Max: RM42,000

NONE.

D) Removal of 2 kidneys Min: RM120,000 Max: RM145,000

NONE.

E) Removal of part of liver Min: RM18,000 Max: RM30,000

NONE.

F) Removal of portion of small intestine Min: RM18,000 Max: RM48,500

NONE.

65
 G) Removal of portion of colon Min: RM24,000 Max: RM48,500
NONE.

H) Bladder rupture Min: RM18,000 Max: RM24,000

* Extraperitoneal bladder injury
RM30,000 Mohd Sollehudin b Ismail v Jamilah bt Mohd Yussof [2021] 1 PIR [58], sc

* Haemoperitoneum in the pelvic region and retroperitoneal haematoma on the right pararenal
space
RM8,000 Mohd Sollehudin b Ismail v Jamilah bt Mohd Yussof [2021] 1 PIR [58], sc

* Haemoperitoneum with gallbladder injury

RM20,000 Nursyahirah bt Fauzi v Mohamad Firdaus b Ismail & Anor) Mohammad Asnawi b
Mohamad Zahir & Anor – Third Parties) [2021] 2 PIR [17], sc

I) Rupture of ureter/urethra Min: RM12,000 Max: 18,000

* Urethral stricture (Note: The plaintiff as a result suffers from straining and difficulty in passing
urine spontaneously for life and requires either internal urethrotomy, urethral dilation followed
by self-dialation at home and needs to perform clean self intermittent catheterisation daily (twice
a day) to pass urine.
RM25,000 Wong Fui Chen & 2 Ors v Chin Wen Cheng & Anor (Wong Sir Sheong & Anor – Third
Party) [2019] 2 PIR [31], sc

J) Liver laceration Min: RM12,000 Max: RM18,000

* Liver and Spleen Laceration
RM14,000 Siti Noor Hidayah binti Atan & Anor v Che Johari bin Mohd Roki [2016] 1 PIR [13],
SC

* Liver Laceration
RM20,000 Ibrahim b Mohd Amin & Anor v Paramasivam a/l Savy Peruman

* Grade 3 Liver injury

RM14,000 Wan Anas Hamizan b Wan Adnan & Anor v Mohd Zamri b Sa’ari & Anor [2019] 1
PIR [30], sc

* Grade II intra-abdominal injury – liver laceration (10% was deducted from the total general
damages awarded for overlapping)
RM15,000 Lembang Anak Intang v Jimmy Kho kai Seng & Anor (Changgai anak Tedong – Third
party) [2019] 2 PIR [13], sc

* Grade iv liver laceration

RM14,000 Noor Musfirah binti Mohd Husnie v Mahendran s/o Suseelan [2019] 2 PIR [6], sc

*0.6 cm x 0.4 cm Grade 2 laceration over the liver at Segment V

RM15,000 Segar a/l Athigesan & 3 Ors v Amirhamzah b Azman & 3 Ors [2020] 1 PIR [9], sc

* Intra – abdominal injury – Grade 3 liver injury

66
 RM20,000 Siti Selmi bt Sayut (menuntut sebagai wakil diri harta pesaka Sahrul Nizam b
Kamal, si mati) v Abdul Wahid b Muhammad Rozali & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [7], sc

SEXUAL ORGANS
A) Urethra Stricture RM25,000 (Cumulative Index – 2017)

B) Erectile dysfunction Min: RM24,000 Max: RM60,000

* Sexual Dysfunction
RM50,000 Mohd Fadzil bin Saadon & Anor v Mohd Izaat bin Azaman & Anor [2016] 1 PIR [65],
SC

* Erectile Dysfunction
RM70,000 Soh Ching Hock v Rajan a/l Sadasiwar & Anor [2016] 2 PIR [44]
RM40,000 Mazlan bin Zainol v Abu Said bin Mohamed Farook [2015] 1 PIR [41], mc
RM60,000 Param Anand a/l Murugesu v Radhakrishnan a/l Sathasivam [2020] 1 PIR [38], sc
RM30,000 Philip ak Usit v Agus Salim bin Hassan [2020] 2 PIR [18], sc
RM70,000 Muhammad Azim b Mohamad Sabri v Ameer Hussain Rajpur & Anor [2021] 2 PIR
[8],sc

C) Loss of one testicle Min: RM18,000 Max: RM30,000

• NONE.

D) Loss of both testicles/complete impotency Min: RM71,500 Max: RM97,000

• NONE.

E) Laceration to scrotum/perineum Min: RM7,000 Max: RM9,500

* Perinial injury
RM6,000 Ramlah bt Abas v Tiong Din Lin (dilantik sebagai wakil diri bagi harta pesaka si
mati, Lim Chai Cheng) [2007] 1 PIR [22], SC

* Perineal injury with anal sphincter disruption, crushed injury to the vaginal and anorectal
regions and sigmoid colon contusion
RM70,000 Nursyahirah bt Fauzi v Mohamad Firdaus b Ismail & Anor )Mohammad Asnawi b
Mohamad Zahir & Anor – Third Parties) [2021] 2 PIR [17], sc

F) Amputation of penis Min: RM71,500 Max: RM97,000

• NONE.

G) Loss of an ovary Min: RM18,000 Max: RM48,500

• NONE.

H) Loss of both ovaries Min: RM71,500 Max: RM97,000

67
* Loss of Uterus
RM200,000 Turkyah Abdulrahman Assiri v Dr Seri Suniza Sufian & Anor [2014] 1 PIR [66], HC

EXTERNAL INJURIES

A) Degloving injury to leg Min: RM12,000 Max: RM24,000

* Degloving injuries (4 cm x 4 cm over the left ankle and 6cm x 8 cm over the right ankle)
RM25,000 Anazil bin Nordin v Mohd Zaidy bin rahmat & Anor [2018] 1 PIR [14], sc

*15 cm degloving injury over the right knee extending to the lower third of the thigh
RM15,000 Mohan a/l Subramaniam v Azlan Shah bin Sarip @ Sharif & Anor [2019] 1 PIR [4],sc

* Degloving injury over the left knee with joint exposed resulting in mild osteoarthrithis of the left
knee and pain during prolonged walking
RM15,000 Wan Widad Aufa bt Wan Halim v Venu a/l Sivasamy & Anor 2 Ors [2020] 1 PIR [10],
sc

* Increasing risk of developing post traumatic osteoarthrithis

RM5,000 Akhtar Hussain v Murnita bt Md Tulkapi [2021] 1 PIR [34],sc

* Degloving wound over the right ankle

RM13,000 Mohd Shazwan b Zainal Abidin v Triumph Alliance Sdn Bhd & Anor [2021] 1 PIR
[38], sc

* Degloving injury over the right knee

RM12,000 Vadivello a/l Perumal v Chu Wei Seong [2021] 1 PIR [9],sc

* Degloving wound over the medial aspect of the shin until above ankle
RM10,000 Shafanita Shila bt Roslan v Azmi b Yaacub [2021] 2 PIR [19],sc

* Multiple degloving wounds (degloving wounds over the interior aspect of the right foot with
total dorsalis pedis artery cut, multiple tendon, muscle and nerve cut and skin loss and degloving
wounds over the intermedial aspect of the right leg with anterior tibialis tendon and extensor
hallucis tendon total cut with skin loss)
RM30,000 Ahmad Zulfendi b Anuar b Mohd Shahril b Abdul Rahman [2021] 2 PIR [27],sc

* Secondary osteoarthritis of the right lower limb

RM5,000 Faiz Ullah v Nurul Fatehah bt Abdul Rashed & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [16],sc

* Future risk of knee joint osteoarthritis due to articular surface deformity

RM6,000 Manokar a/l Thanimalay v Pang Siew Yoon [2021] 1 PIR [26], sc

* Osteoarthritis of the right knee

RM5,000 Ajit Kumar a/l Arugugam v Tee Wi Tiow @ Tay Kuan Tok [2021] 1 PIR [24], sc

68
 B) Degloving injury to arm Min: RM14,500 Max: RM30,000
* Degloving injury of the right elbow with numbness of the elbow with numbness of the elbow
(Note: The Plaintiff as a result suffers from limitation of the right upper limb due to stiffness of the
elbow)
RM20,000 Ng Tai Heng v Ahmad bin Mat Ahir & Anor [2017] 1 PIR [30], sc

* Degloving injury over the right hand and forearm with abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis
brevis and radial artery
RM35,000 Rozita binti Ab Rashid v Gunalan a/l Marimuthu & Anor [2020] 1 PIR [28], mc

C) Lacerations (single to multiple) Min: RM2,500 Max: RM9,500

* Lacerations (2cm x 1 cm over the upper lip & 15cm x 3 cm over the forehead)
RM5,000 Kathir Gamman a/l Michael v Omar anak Lengkis [2018] 1 PIR [19], SC

* Laceration and multiple scars

RM5,000 Naziera binti kaderi & Anor v Anika Tugan [2019] 1 PIR [8],sc

* Multiple facial lacerations and soft tissue injury

RM6,000 Ng Khai Khoon & 2 Ors v Mohd Shukor b Che Gat (and Another Summons) [2020] 1
PIR [16], mc
RM5,000 Muhammad Shafiq Shazwan b Jameri v Azmi b Ibrahim [2021] 1 PIR [48],sc

* Multiple lacerarion wounds

RM8,000 Wan Ahmad Muhsin b Wan Hamdan v Muhd Nazzim b Rasdi & Anor [2021] 1 PIR
[50], sc
RM8,000 Purubakaran a/l Sandran v Mohammad Benjamin b Ahmad Faizal & 2 Ors [2021] 1
PIR [19],sc
RM10,000 Mohd Rashidi b Abdul Rahman & 3 Ors v Mohamad Tarmizi b Zahari [2021] 1 PIR
[52],HC
RM5,000 Mohd Rashidi b Abdul Rahman & 3 Ors v Mohamad Tarmizi b Zahari [2021] 1 PIR
[57],sc
RM4,000 Norhasyidan b Mohd Nor @ Mohamad Hazani v Mohd Ridhwan b Asmara & 2 Ors
[2021] 2 PIR [39],sc

* 3cm x 2cm laceration wound over the left forehead, 33cm right frontotemporoparietal reverse
question mark surgical scar and 3cm x 3cm swelling over left parietal region
RM12,000 Mohd Syukor b ohd Rasip v Nur Diana by Ismail & anor [2021] 1 PIR [3], sc

* Deep laceration wound

RM5,000 Vadivello a/l Perumal v Chu Wei Seong [2021] 1 PIR [9], sc

* Lacerations
RM4,000 Wong Jong Ann v Chin Wei Jin & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [10], sc

69
* Soft tissue injury
RM10,000 Muhammad Zahier b Rahmat v Weng Yew Min [2021] 1 PIR [4], sc
RM6,000 Zinon @ Zainal b Sidik v Mohd Faizal b Ismail & 2 Ors [2021] 1 PIR [30],mc
RM4,000 Mohamad Faiz b Mohamad Rasul v Mohamad Fazlie b Arifin & Anor [2021] 2 PIR
[15],sc

* Deep laceration wound over the upper left shoulder with deltoid and rotator cuff muscles cut
RM10,000 Dominic Menondraj a/l Satenasamy v Sugumar a/l Neelamagam [2021] 1 PIR [15],
sc

* Laceration wound over the right upper eyelid

RM2,000 Dominic Menondraj a/l Satenasamy v Sugumar a/l Neelamagam [2021] 1 PIR [15],
sc

* Laceration wound over the bilateral lower limbs

RM5,000 Manokar a/l Thanimalay v Pang Siew Yoon [2021] 1 PIR [26],sc

* 4 cm x 1 cm laceration wound over the jaw

RM5,000 Akhtar Hussain v Murnita bt Md Tulkapi [2021] 1 PIR [34],sc

* Laceration wound over the left thigh and puncture wound over the left thigh
RM5,000 Mohd Shazwan b Zainal Abidin v Triumph Alliance Sdn Bhd & Anor [2021] 1 PIR
[38],sc

* 15 cm x 10 cm exposed laceration wound over the anterior aspect distal ½ of the right thigh
bone
RM18,000 Azmadarmawi b Saupi v Mohd Zamri b Abu Bakar & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [45],sc

* Laceration wound over the leg and forearm

RM5,000 Askuri Hasan v Soo Soek Yew [2021] 1 PIR [44],sc

* 1 cm laceration wound over the occipital region

RM3,000 Mohd Rashidi b Abdul Rahman & 3 Ors v Mohamad Tarmizi b Zahari [2021] 1 PIR
[57],sc

* Laceration wound over the leg

RM5,000 Mohd Elias v Hoo Yok Wah [2021] 1 PIR [56],sc
RM2,500 Salenordin b Nan & Anor v Elia Suliati bt Mohd Isa & Anor [2021] 2 PIR [18],sc

*Superficial laceration wound over the perianal area

RM5,000 Mohd Sollehudin b Ismail v Jamilah bt Mohd Yussof [2021] 1 PIR [58],sc

* Laceration wound over the left lower limb

RM3,000 Razin Syafi b Rozren Saad v Wakil Pentadbir Harta Pusaka kepada Ismail b Abdullah
[2021] 1 PIR [11],sc

70
* Laceration wound over the right frontal and left upper lip regions
RM5,000 Muhammad Amirul Izzat b Mohummad Taib v Muhammad Zulfadli b Tondiajid &
Anor [2021] 2 PIR [7], sc

* Laceration of the left ovary

RM15,000 Nursyahirah bt Fauzi v Mohamad Firdaus b Ismail & Anor )Mohammad Asnawi b
Mohamad Zahir & Anor – Third Parties) [2021] 2 PIR [17], sc

* Laceration over the left patella, open fracture of the left patella with bone loss and chronic ulcer
over the patella and closed fracture of the left femur
RM45,000 Suria Sarvin a/l Revi Chandran (mendakwa melalui bapa dan sahabat wakilnya,
(global) Revi Chandran a/l Yelumalai) v Muhammad Azam b Khairudin & Anor [2021] 2 PIR
[20],sc

* Laceration wound over the left forearm, left thigh and left knee
RM6,000 Suria Sarvin a/l Revi Chandran (mendakwa melalui bapa dan sahabat wakilnya,
Revi Chandran a/l Yelumalai) v Muhammad Azam b Khairudin & Anor [2021] 2 PIR
[20]], sc

* Multiple laceration wounds over the mouth

RM6,000 Suria Sarvin a/l Revi Chandran (mendakwa melalui bapa dan sahabat wakilnya,
Revi Chandran a/l Yelumalai) v Muhammad Azam b Khairudin & Anor [2021] 2 PIR
[20]], sc

* Deep laceration wound over the right eyebrow

RM2,000 Muhammad Alif Farhan b Haris v Sivakumar a/l Rahman (Wakil Diri Kepada Harta
Pusaka Si Mati, Gurvinder Singh a/l Jasbant Singh & Anor – Third Parties) [2021] 2
PIR [38],mc

D) Abrasions (single to multiple) Min: RM1,300 Max: RM5,000

* Abrasion wound over the left elbow & right knee
RM3,000 Krishnan a/l Paraman Sivan v Haare Navinrajh a/l Jaganathan & Anor [2018] 1 PIR
[19], sc

* Abrasion wound over the left medial malleolus

RM3,000 Maha a/l Ramachanderan v Harun bin Mat Sarif [2019] 1 PIR [3],mc
RM3,500 Goh Lean Hock v tsok Heng Fey

* Abrasion wound behind the head

RM3,000 Saravanan a/l Krishnan v Nur Atika bt Che May [2020] 1 PIR [17], mc

* Abrasion wound over the right thigh

RM3,500 Mohamad Asri b Mansor v Wan Nor Azman b Wan Salleh [2021] 1 PIR [37], sc

71
* Multiple Abrasions
RM5,000 Vadivello a/l Perumal v Chu Wei Seong [2021] 1 PIR [9], sc
RM5,000 Wan Ahmad Muhsin b Wan Hamdan v Muhd Nazzim b Rasdi & Anor [2021] 1 PIR
[50],sc
RM12,000 Satesh Kumar a/l Johnson (seorang yang kurang upaya yang mendakwa melalui
ibu yang sah dan wakil litigasinya, plaintif kedua) & Anor v Aminuddin b Mohd Zain
& 2 Ors {2021] 1 PIR [59],sc
RM3,000 Mohamad Faiz b Mohamad Rasul v Mohamad Fazlie b Arifin & Anor [2021] 2 PIR
[15],sc
RM5,000 Muhammad Alif Farhan b Haris v Sivakumar a/l Rahman (Wakil Diri Kepada Harta
Pusaka Si Mati, Gurvinder Singh a/l Jasbant Singh & Anor – Third Parties) [2021] 2
PIR [38],mc
RM4,000 Norhasyidan b Mohd Nor @ Mohamad Hazani v Mohd Ridhwan b Asmara & 2 Ors
[2021] 2 PIR [39],sc

* Abrasion wound over the dorsum of both hands

RM5,000 Masnaliza bt Mislihan & 2 Ors v Ahmad b Abdul Hamid [2021] 1 PIR [47], sc

* Abrasion wounds over the right elbow, right leg and left shoulder
RM3,000 Lingeswaran a/l Sivakumar v Tan Hung Huat & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [25, mc

* Abrasion and lacerations over the right thigh, right foot and left foot
RM8,000 Sharvin a/l Kanusamy (seorang budak yang mendakwa melalui bapa dan seahabat
wakilnya, Kanusamy a/l Thanapal) v Mohd Zahir b Majid & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [6], sc

* Multiple abrasion wounds over both hands, 3cm x 2cm laceration wound over the left forehead,
33cm right frontotemporoparietal reverse question mark surgical scar and 3cm x 3cm swelling
over left parietal region
RM12,000 Mohd Syukor b ohd Rasip v Nur Diana by Ismail & anor [2021] 1 PIR [3], sc

* Abrasion wounds
RM3,000 Faiz Ullah v Nurul Fatehah bt Abdul Rashed & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [16],sc

* Wound on the left leg

RM5,000 Nor Azni b Arshad @ Roslan v Azrul b Ali [2021] 1 PIR [39],sc

* Multiple abarsions and lacerations

RM8,000 Purubakaran a/l Sandran v Mohammad Benjamin b Ahmad Faizal & 2 Ors [2021] 1
PIR [19],sc

* Puncture wound over the left thigh and laceration wound over the left thigh
RM8,000 Mohd Shazwan b Zainal Abidin v triumph Alliance Sdn Bhd & Anor [2021] 1 PIR
[38],sc

* 4 cm x 4 cm abrasion wound over the right knee

RM2,000 Mohd Sollehudin b Ismail v Jamilah bt Mohd Yussof [2021] 1 PIR [16],sc

72
* Deep abrasion scars over the loin and right elbow
RM3,000 Muhammad Azim b Mohamad Sabri v Ameer Hussain Rajpar & Anor [2021] 1 PIR
[8],sc

* Multiple abrasion wounds over the left abdomen and thorax

RM5,000 Salwa bt Masi (suing as dependant and administratrix of the estate of Fardarin b
Sunan (deceased) pursuant to sections 7 & 8 of the Civil Law Act 1956) & Anor v
Alvian Sipatau & Anor [2021] 2 PIR [30],sc

* Multiple abrasion wounds over the right forearm and both knees
RM6,000 Mohd Izwan b Abu Bakar (membawa tindakan ini bagi pihak sendiri dan sebagai
suami yang sah dan sebagai wakil litigasi bagi tiga orang anaknya sebagai orang-
orang tanggungan kepada Mifthahul Jannath bt Meera Mydin, si mati) & 3 Ors v
Mohd Dzulkefly b Mohd Yatim & Anor [2021] 2 PIR [37],sc

E) Minor scarring to leg Min: RM1,300 Max: RM3,300

* Scarring (3cm x 1 cm & 16cm x 1 cm surgical scars over the right thigh, 9cm v 1cm laceration scar
over the right lower thigh, 10cm x 1 cm curved laceration scar over the right lower thigh & two pin
site scars over the upper leg.
RM7,000 Nur Shah Erawani bt Adhak v Wakil diri harta pusaka Moohd Ikhmal bin Azmi, si
mati & Anor (Wakil diri harta pusaka norizwani bt Mat Isa, si mati & anor – Third
Parties) [2018] 1 PIR [9], sc

*3.5 cm, 1cm and 2 cm surgical scars over the left proximal leg
RM3,000 Sukri bin Kartho v Mohamad Zulhilmi Izzat bin Zakaria [2020] 2 PIR [21], sc

* 15 cm x 10 cm exposed laceration wound over the anterior aspect distal 1/3 of the right thigh
bone
RM18,000 Azmadarmawi b Saupi v Mohd Zamri b Abu Bakar & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [45], sc

F) Minor scarring to arm Min: RM2,200 Max: RM3,850

*7 cm on left wrist
RM3,000 Mohamad Fitri bin Abudullah v Ali Basri bin Ali Bashah [2016] 2 PIR [19], mc

G) Extensive scarring to leg Min: RM9,500 Max: RM18,000

* Scars (2cm scar over the back, 2cm scar over the lateral part of the right leg, 2 cm scar over the
right leg, 6cm x 4 cm hyperpigmented scar over the left forearm and 19cm scar over the right leg)
RM9,000 Lim Kok Wa v Wong Kein Chun [2016] 1 PIR [52], sc

H) Extensive scarring to arm Min: RM12,000 Max: RM24,000

73
* Scars (2.5cm k-wire operative scar over the lateral aspect of the right wrist, 5.5cm operative scar
over the left foot, 6cm x 1cm operative scar over the left foot, 8 cm x 1 cm abrasion wound scar
over the lateral aspect of the right thigh, 8 cm operative scar over the anterior aspect of the left
upper tibia, 8.5cm x 0.5cm pperative scar over the ventral aspect of the right lower forearm
extending to the palm, 12cm x 2cm abrasion wound scar over the medial aspect of the right thigh,
17cm x 15cm jagged operative scar over the posterior aspect of the left elbow, 18cm laceration
wound scar over the left knee extending to the left upper tibia, 20cm x 1cm jagged operative scar
over the lateral aspect of the left thigh and six large hyperpigmented external fixator scars over
the left thigh)
RM15,000 Aznul bin Ab Rahman & 2 Ors v Tan Leh Kiat & Anor [2016] 1 PIR [50], sc

*10.5 cm long operative scar over the supra pubic region and multiple abrasion wounds over the
left iliac region, left thigh, left calf, right little finger, left thumb and left elbow
RM10,000 Philip ak Usit v Agus Salim bin Hassan [2020] 2 PIR [18], sc

I) Facial scarring Min: RM6,000 Max: RM36,500

* Permanent facial scars (1cm vertical scar over the left lower eyelid, 3cm x 3mm vertical scar
over the left forehead above the eyebrow with two 1 cm vertical scars lateral to it and 5cm x8 mm
flat hypertrophic erythematous scar from the philtrum of the upper lip across the left upper lip to
the nasolabium (scar is uneven and tender) (left cupid’s bow is slightly higher (1 mm) compared to
the right) and extensive jagged facial lacrations (multiple jagged laceration wounds over the
forehead (longest being 5 cm( and associated with skin loss, 2 cm laceration wounds over the right
eyebrow, multiple superficial lacerations ranging from 1 cm and 4 cm over the nose, jagged
lacerations over the upper lip (longest being 7cm) and associated with skin loss and superficial
laceration over the left lower eyelid etending slightly to the lid margin)) [Note: The High Court in
Civil Appeal No. JA12B-14-03-2016 on September 19, 2016 awarded separately for these injuries
i.e RM20,000 for the extensive jagged facial lacerations with skin loss and RM20,000 for
permanent face scarring]
RM30,000 Mohd Saiful Izwan bin A Rahman v Thai Yen Fu & Anor [2017] 2 PIR [61], sc

* Permanent facial scarring with facial disfigurement

RM30,000 Nor Farida b Khalid v Muhamad Hamidi b Shahadan & Anor (Mohd Nasrul b
Ramlan & Anor – Third Parties) [2020] 1 PIR [48], sc

* 33cm right frontotemporoparietal reverse question mark surgical scar, 3 cm x 2 cm laceration

wound over the left forehead, multiple abrasion wounds over both hands and 3 cm x 3 cm
swelling over the left parietal region
RM12,000 Mohd Syukor b Mohd Rasip v Nur Diana by Ismail & anor [2021] 1 PIR [3], sc

J) Operation scars Min: RM2,750 Max: RM12,000

* Scars
RM5,000 AK Nazaruddin bin Ahmad v Abdul Waffiy bin Wahubbi
RM3,300 Sharvin a/l Kanusamy (seorang budak yang mendakwa melalui bapa dan sahabat
wakilnya, Kanusamy a/l Thanapal) v Mohd Zahir b Majid & Anor[2021] 1 PIR [6],sc

74
 RM3,000 Siti Selmi bt Sayut menuntut sebagai wakil diri harta pesaka Sahrul Nizam b Kamal,
si mati) v Abdul Wahid b Muhammad Rozali & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [7], sc
RM6,000 Lingeswaran a/l Sivakumar v Tan Hung Huat & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [25],mc
RM11,000 Ruslaidy b Rusli v Saiful Akram Khan b Saidullah Khan & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [29],sc
RM8,000 Akhtar Hussain v Murnita bt Md Tulkapi [2021] 1 PIR [34],sc
RM3,000 Aznan b Mohd Ali v Muhammad Erwan b Abdul Wahab [2021] 1 PIR [55], mc
RM10,000 Mohammad Nazirul Ikhwan b Izzaidi b Ain Wahidah bt Abdullah & 2 Ors [2021] 2
PIR [6],sc
RM5,000 Norhidayu bt Saiful Ranie Join v Abidin b Shaaban & Anor [2021] 2 PIR [9], sc
RM1,500 Puah Soh Yong v Saiful Nazim b Jahari & Anor (Bala Subramaniam a/l Vellasamy @
Mayandy – Third party) [2021] 1 PIR [10],sc
RM5,000 Muhammad Azlan Fadzi b Mohamad Anuar v Ragunathan a/l Veerapandian &
Anor [2021] 2 PIR [16],sc

* Scars (0.5cm over the left foot at the metatarsal area, 1 cm over the right foot at the metatarsal
area, 2 cm over the right elbow and 16cm over the right arm)
RM3,000 Mohd Yusof bin Hassan v Mahamud bin Din [2017] 2 PIR [8], mc

* Multiple scars (4cm keloid scar over the anterior aspect of the left elbow, 6cm x 3cm healed
abrasion scar over the dorsal aspect of the left wrist, 8cm longitudinal surgical scar over the
medial aspect of the left upper arm and 13 cm longitudinal surgical scar over the volar aspect of
the left forearm
RM10,000 Thiyagarajan a/l Muniandy v Nadirah binti Zamri [2017] 2 PIR [45], sc

*8 cm surgical scar over the right foot

RM8,000 Zaiton bt Basirun & Anor v Fadlisham Husni bin Abdullah Sani [2019] 1 PIR [10],sc

* Multiple scars
RM8,000 Mohd Azlan b Zainuddin v Abdul Radib b Abdul Rahman & Anor [2020] 1 PIR [35],
sc
RM8,000 Vadivello a/l Perumal v Chu Wei Seong [2021] 1 PIR [9],sc
RM5,000 Nurul Izzah bt Abu Bakar v Muhamad Helmi b Ismail & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [40], sc
RM8,000 Chong Kiat Mian v Tan Kuan She & 2 Ors [2021] 1 PIR [46], sc
RM2,000 Mohd Rashidi b Abdul Rahman & 3 Ors v Mohamad Tarmizi b Zahari [2021] 1 PIR
[57], sc
RM5,000 Mohd Elias v Hoo Yok Wah [2021] 1 PIR [56], sc
RM10,000 Muhammad Amirul Izzat b Mohummad Taib v Muhammad Zulfadli b Tondiajid &
Anor [2021] 2 PIR [7], sc
RM2,000 Suria Sarvin a/l Revi Chandran (mendakwa melalui bapa dan sahabat wakilnya,
Revi Chandran a/l Yelumalai) v Muhammad Azam b Khairudin & Anor [2021] 2 PIR
[20]], sc
RM10,000 Mohamad Faiz b Mohamad Rasul v Mohamad Fazlie b Arifin & Anor [2021] 2 PIR
[15],sc
RM10,000 Shafanita Shila bt Roslan v Azmi b Yaacub [2021] 2 PIR [19],sc

75
 RM10,000 Norhasyidan b Mohd Nor @ Mohamad Hazani v Mohd Ridhwan b Asmara & 2 Ors

* Multiple scars (5cm, 10cm, 24cm and 25 cm x 10 cm)

RM10,000 Assokumar a/l Venugopal @ Ramus v Lai Bak Seng & Anor [2020] 2 PIR [25], Sc

* Extensive multiple scars

RM10,000 Mohd Shazwan b Zainal Abidin v Triumph Alliance Sdn Bhd & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [38]
, sc
RM12,000 Wong Jong Ann v Chin Wei Jin & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [10], sc

* Multiple scars and soft tissue injury

RM10,000 Muhammad Zahier b Rahmat v Weng Yew Min [2021] 1 PIR [4], sc

* Scarring
RM9,000 Subramaniam a/l Chinno & Anor v Lau Man Faat & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [3],sc
RM8,000 Mohamad Asri b Mansor v Wan Nor Azman b Wan Salleh [2021] 1 PIR [37], sc
RM10,000 Nor Azni b Arshad @ Roslan v Azrul b Ali [2021] 1 PIR [39], sc
RM8,000 Mohd Rashidi b Abdul Rahman & 3 Ors v Mohamad Tarmizi b Zahari [2021] 1 PIR
[57], sc
RM8,000 Krishnamoorthy a/l Potharajoo v Ahmad Syamil b Zamri (Nagendran a/l
Subramaniam – Third Party) [2021] 2 PIR [29],sc

* Multiple scars over the neck, chest, left upper limb and abdomen
RM10,000 Dominic Menondraj a/l Satenasamy v Sugumar a/l Neelamagan [2021] 1 PIR [15],
sc

* 6 cm x 3.5 cm hypopigmented operative scar over the right hip, 12 cm x 1 cm hyperpigmented

operative scar over the lateral aspect of the right upper thigh, 15 cm x 1 cm hypergimented
operative scar over the lateral aspect of the right lower thigh extendin to the lateral aspect of the
knee and 2 hypopigmented Steinman pin scars over the right upper tibia)
RM10,000 Faiz Ullah v Nurul Fatehah bt Abdul Rashed & Anor [2021] 1 PIR [16], sc

* 23 cm healed surgical scar over the left knee extending to the leg with two discharge sinuses
RM10,000 Manokar a/l Thanimalay v Pang Siew Yoon [2021] 1 PIR [26],sc

* Multiple scarring (7 cm healed surgical wound over the medial side of the left ankle and 14 cm
healed surgical wound over the lateral side of the left ankle)
RM4,000 Nurliza Amira bt Mat Isa v Wong Voon Loong [2021] 1 PIR [28],mc

* Permanent hypo and hyperpigmented operative and A/W scars over the right hip, thigh, knee,
ankle, heel and left knee
RM4,000 Ajit Kumar a/l Arumugam v Tee Wi Tiow @ Tay Kuan Tok [2021] 1 PIR [24], sc

* Multiple scars over the left hand

RM5,000 Muhammad Shafiq Shazwan b Jameri v Azmi b Ibrahim [2021] 1 PIR [48], sc

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* Permanent cosmetically disfiguring hypopigmented scars
RM10,000 Askuri Hasan v Soo Soek Yew [2021] 1 PIR [44], sc

* Permanent scars (2 cm healed scar over latera asoect of the proximal thigh, 2 cm healed scar
over the left big toe, 5 cm medial and 8 cm lateral healed scar over the lateral right hip and 10 cm
horizontal and 15 cm vertical healed surgical scars over the anterior patella
RM12,000 Wan Ahmad Muhsin b Wan Hamdan v Muhd Nazzim b Rasdi & Anor [2021] 1 PIR
[50],sc

* Scars (4.5 cm x 2 cm over the right knee, 10 cm x 3 cm and 5 cm healed scars over the suprapubic
area and 15 cm healed scar over the right sacral region)
RM15,000 Mohd Sollehudin b Ismail v Jamilah bt Mohd Yussof [2021] 1 PIR [58], sc

* Multiple permanent and disfiguring scars

RM10,000 Razin Syafi b Rozren Saad v Wakil Pentadbir Harta Pusaka kepada Ismail b Abdullah
[2021] 1 PIR [11],sc

* Multiple scars (2 cm x 1 cm and 4 cm x 2 cm scars over the left elbow, 2 cm x 3 cm and 5 cm x 3

cm scars over the sacrum, 5 sm x 1 cm scar over the iliac crest and 8 cm x 2 cm scar over the iliac
crest)
RM15,000 Nursyahirah bt Fauzi v Mohamad Firdaus b Ismail & Anor )Mohammad Asnawi b
Mohamad Zahir & Anor – Third Parties) [2021] 2 PIR [17], sc

* Ulcer wounds and scarring over the right leg and right foot
RM15,000 Ahmad Zulfendi b Anuar v Mohd Shahril b Abdul Rahman [2021] 2 PIR [27],sc

* Permanent scars (2 cm x 1 cm hyperpigmented scar over the lateral aspect of the right wrist, 6
cm x 4 cm hyperpigmented scar over the posterior aspect of the right elbow, 10 cm x 4 cm
hyperpigmented scar over the lateral aspect of the right shoulder and 15 cm x 8 cm
hyperpigmented scar over the lateral aspect of the right hip)
RM7,000 Mohammad Afnan b Bakar v Roslea bt Adam [2021] 2 PIR [36],mc

K) Haematoma Min: RM1,200 Max: RM2,500

* Haematoma
RM3,000 Muhammad Hanif bin Ishak (seorang pesakit dan pendakwaan ini dibuat oleh
bapa dan wakil litigasinya, Ishak bin Hashim, yang dilantik melalui perintah
Mahkamah Tinggi, Pulau Pinang pada 3.4.2014) v Mohammad Syazwan bin
Mohamad fuad & Anor [2017] 1 PIR [54], SC

L) Skin grafting Min: RM12,000 Max: RM30,000

* Skin Grafting [Note 10% was deducted from the total general damaged awarded for
overlapping.]
RM10,000 Wahab bin Bachok v Shik Azrill bin Shik Azizir Rahman & Anor [2018] 1 PIR [29], SC

* Split Skin Grafting

RM20,000 Nor Azni b Arshad @ Roslan v Azrul b Ali [2021] 1 PIR [39], sc

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*Skin grafting
RM5,000 Mohammad Nazirul Ikhwan b Izzaidi v Ain Wahidah bt Abdullah & 2 Ors [2021] 2
PIR [6], sc

Miscellaneous condition
* Loss of smell
RM45,000 Muhammad Azim b Mohamad Sabri v Ameer Hussain rajpar & Anor [2021] 2 PIR
[8],sc

* Depression
RM25,000 Nursyahirah bt Fauzi v Mohamad Firdaus b Ismail & Anor )Mohammad Asnawi b
Mohamad Zahir & Anor – Third Parties) [2021] 2 PIR [17], sc

* Loss of marriage prospect

RM20,000 Nursyahirah bt Fauzi v Mohamad Firdaus b Ismail & Anor )Mohammad Asnawi b
Mohamad Zahir & Anor – Third Parties) [2021] 2 PIR [17], sc

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