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Instruction Set Architectures

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Instruction Set Architectures

Uploaded by

rinkeshbhatiset0
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Instruction Set Architectures

An Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) defines the communication rules between the hardware and
software of the computer. Instruction Set architecture is defined as the entire group of commands
that the processor can perform execute the program instruction.
The ISA provides the only way through which a user is able to interact with the hardware.

ISA plays a crucial role in computing as it defines the capabilities and functionality of a processor.
ISA provides a standardized way for software developers to write programs that can run on
different computer architectures. By adhering to a specific ISA, software can be written once and
executed on various hardware platforms, enhancing compatibility and portability.
RISC and CISC are two different approaches to designing computer architectures.
RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer)
CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer)
 RISC ISAs have a smaller set of simple and highly optimized instructions while CISC ISAs
have a larger set of complex instructions.
 RISC is the way to make hardware simpler whereas CISC is the single instruction that
handles multiple work.
 RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) is an ISA design practice of ISAs that focuses on
simple, quickly executed instructions to improve efficiency and reduce power consumption.
These designs primarily focus on simple hardware components and reducing binary
instruction complexity. CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer) is an ISA design provides
a rich set of complex instructions capable of performing multiple tasks in a single instruction.
 RISC architectures are generally well-suited for high-throughput applications like scientific
computing and multimedia processing. CISC are well suited for applications that prioritize
ease of programming.

Difference between RISC and CISC


The following table highlights all the important differences between RISC and CISC
architectures –

S.No
RISC CISC
.
It stands for Reduced Instruction It stands for Complex Instruction
1.
Set Computer. Set Computer.
It is a microprocessor architecture
This offers hundreds of instructions of
2. that uses small instruction set of
different sizes to the users.
uniform length.
This architecture has a set of special
These simple instructions are
3. purpose circuits which help execute the
executed in one clock cycle.
instructions at a high speed.
These chips are relatively simple to
4. These chips are complex to design.
design.
5. They are inexpensive. They are relatively expensive.
Examples of RISC chips include Examples of CISC include Intel
6.
SPARC, POWER PC. architecture, AMD.
7. It has less number of instructions. It has more number of instructions.
It has fixed-length encodings for It has variable-length encodings of
8.
instructions. instructions.
The instructions interact with memory
Simple addressing formats are
9. using complex addressing modes.
supported.

10. Here instruction is load in register. Here instruction directly load memory.
11. Hardwired control unit cannot be Microprogrammed control may be reprogrammed.
modified

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