A Project Report

On

“LOST DATA RETRIEVAL ”

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of

Bachelor of Technology
In
Computer Science & Engineering/Information Technology

Submitted to:- Submitted by:-

Ms. SUGANDHA HARSH
Asst. Professor (VCE) 1062091

VAISH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

(Affiliated to Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak)

ROHTAK – 124001

May-2024
1. Introduction
In our increasingly digital world, data serves as the lifeblood of individuals, businesses, and
organizations. It encompasses everything from personal photos and documents to critical
financial records and scientific research. Losing this data can be devastating, leading to
financial losses, productivity disruptions, and emotional distress.

Project Lost Data Retrieval aims to be a comprehensive solution for recovering lost data in
various scenarios. This detailed introduction will explore the project's purpose, the different
types of data loss it addresses, the various retrieval techniques employed, and the benefits it
offers.

The Need for Data Recovery

Data loss can occur due to a variety of reasons, some accidental and others malicious. Here's
a breakdown of the most common culprits:

• Hardware failure: Hard drive crashes, solid-state drive (SSD) failures, and other
storage device malfunctions can lead to complete data inaccessibility.
• Accidental deletion: Human error like accidentally deleting files or formatting a
storage device can cause data loss.
• Software malfunction: Software crashes, bugs, or power outages during data writing
can corrupt files or entire storage systems.
• Malware attacks: Viruses, ransomware, and other malicious software can encrypt,
corrupt, or permanently delete data.
• Natural disasters: Fires, floods, and other natural disasters can physically damage
storage devices, leading to data loss.

These events can have significant consequences. Businesses might lose financial records,
customer information, or intellectual property. Individuals might lose irreplaceable photos,
videos, personal documents, or work files. Project Lost Data Retrieval seeks to provide a
lifeline in these situations, offering a chance to recover lost data and minimize the impact of
these events.
Types of Data Loss Addressed

Project Lost Data Retrieval is designed to tackle a wide range of data loss scenarios. Here's a
closer look at the types of data it can potentially recover:

• File-based data: This includes documents, photos, videos, spreadsheets,

presentations, and other digital files stored on various storage devices.
• Partitioned data: Data loss due to accidentally deleting or repartitioning a storage
drive can potentially be recovered using advanced techniques.
• Formatted data: Even after formatting a storage device, data may still be present and
recoverable depending on the type of formatting performed.
• Overwritten data: There's a possibility of recovering overwritten data depending on
the extent of overwriting and the storage device involved.
• RAID system failures: Project Lost Data Retrieval might be able to recover data
from Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) systems experiencing hardware
malfunctions or software corruption.

It's important to note that the success rate of data recovery depends on several factors,
including the cause of data loss, the type of storage device, and the time elapsed since the loss
occurred.

Data Retrieval Techniques Employed

Project Lost Data Retrieval will utilize a combination of different techniques to maximize the
chances of successful recovery. These techniques can be broadly categorized as follows:

• Data carving: This technique analyzes the raw data on a storage device to identify
recognizable file fragments and attempt to reconstruct them into complete files.
• File system repair: If the file system of the storage device is corrupted, data recovery
software can sometimes repair the file system and make the lost data accessible again.
• Undelete tools: These tools can recover recently deleted files from the free space on a
storage device before new data overwrites them.
• Disk imaging: Creating an image of the entire storage device allows for data recovery
attempts without risking further damage to the original storage media.
 • Advanced data recovery software: Specialized software can employ complex
algorithms to analyze storage media and identify recoverable data patterns.

The specific techniques employed by Project Lost Data Retrieval will be tailored to the
specific data loss scenario. The project may also involve collaboration with data recovery
professionals who can utilize specialized tools and advanced techniques to maximize
recovery chances.

Benefits of Project Lost Data Retrieval

Successfully recovering lost data offers a range of benefits:

• Reduced financial losses: Businesses can avoid the cost of replicating lost data, such
as financial records, customer information, or intellectual property.
• Improved productivity: Data recovery can minimize downtime caused by data loss
and help individuals and businesses get back to work quickly.
• Preserving memories: Individuals can recover irreplaceable photos, videos, and
personal documents that hold sentimental value.
• Maintaining compliance: Recovering lost data can help organizations meet legal and
regulatory requirements for data retention.
• Peace of mind: Knowing that there's a potential solution for data loss can provide
peace of mind and mitigate the stress associated with such situations.

Project Lost Data Retrieval aims to be a user-friendly and accessible solution, offering both
software tools and professional data recovery services depending on the complexity of the
situation.

In the ever-reliant world of digital information, data loss can be a devastating experience.
From personal photos and financial records to critical business documents and scientific
research, the potential consequences of losing access to crucial data are vast. This is where
Project Lost Data Retrieval steps in, offering a beacon of hope for those facing data disaster.

This project aims to develop a comprehensive system for retrieving lost data across various
storage mediums. Imagine a one-stop solution capable of tackling a wide range of data loss
scenarios, from accidental deletion and drive failure to complex hardware malfunctions and
cyberattacks.

Understanding Data Loss: The Problem We Face

Data loss can occur due to a multitude of factors, some user-induced and others beyond our
control. Here are some common causes:

• Accidental Deletion: This is perhaps the most frequent cause of data loss. A simple
click can send important files into oblivion.
• Hardware Failure: Storage devices like hard drives and solid-state drives (SSDs) are
prone to physical damage or internal malfunctions, resulting in data inaccessibility.
• Formatting Errors: Accidental formatting or unexpected filesystem corruption can
render data unreadable.
• Software Corruption: Malicious software (malware) attacks or software bugs can
damage files or corrupt entire storage systems.
• Natural Disasters: Events like floods, fires, and earthquakes can physically destroy
storage devices, leading to permanent data loss.

The impact of data loss can be severe, depending on the nature of the data involved. Lost
personal photos and documents can be irreplaceable, while businesses can face financial
losses, reputational damage, and legal repercussions if crucial data goes missing.

Project Lost Data Retrieval: A Multi-Pronged Approach

Project Lost Data Retrieval tackles this complex challenge by employing a multi-faceted
approach:

1. Data Recovery Techniques:

• Data Carving: Recovers lost files by analyzing raw data patterns on storage media,
even after formatting or deletion.
• File System Repair: Attempts to repair damaged file systems, allowing access to
files within the corrupted structure.
• Disk Imaging: Creates a complete copy of the storage device, including deleted files,
for secure analysis in a safe environment.
• RAID Recovery: Focuses on recovering data from complex RAID (Redundant Array
of Independent Disks) storage systems, which use data mirroring or striping for
redundancy.
2. Advanced Data Analysis Tools:

• Data Forensics: Utilizes specialized software and techniques to uncover deleted files
and reconstruct data footprints from storage media.
• Data Carving Algorithms: Employs sophisticated algorithms to identify and extract
lost files from raw data, even in heavily fragmented states.
• File Signature Identification: Identifies the type of file based on its unique
signature, allowing for targeted recovery efforts.

3. Secure Data Handling and Recovery Environment:

• Clean Room Facilities: Provides a controlled environment free of dust and

contaminants to minimize further damage to malfunctioning storage devices during
the recovery process.
• Data Encryption: Ensures the confidentiality and security of recovered data
throughout the entire process.
• Chain of Custody Documentation: Maintains a detailed record of data handling to
ensure legal admissibility if data recovery is required for legal purposes.

4. User-Friendly Interface and Support:

• Intuitive Interface: Provides user-friendly tools for non-technical users to initiate

basic data recovery attempts.
• Advanced Options for Professionals: Offers advanced tools and customization
options for data recovery specialists.
• Technical Support: Provides assistance from qualified technicians to guide users
through the data recovery process and maximize the chances of successful retrieval.

Benefits of Project Lost Data Retrieval

Project Lost Data Retrieval offers a range of benefits to individuals and organizations alike:

• Reduced Data Loss Impact: Minimizes the consequences of data loss by providing a
 viable chance of recovery.
• Improved Business Continuity: Ensures businesses can continue operations with
minimal disruption by enabling swift recovery of critical data.
 • Preserved Personal Memories: Allows individuals to recover irreplaceable personal
files like photographs, documents, and other digital memories.
• Enhanced Security Options: Promotes data security by offering a safety net in case
of accidental deletion or unforeseen data loss events.

The Road Ahead: Continuous Development and Innovation

Project Lost Data Retrieval recognizes the ever-evolving landscape of data storage
technologies. The project is committed to continuous development in several key areas:

• Cloud Data Recovery: Developing techniques for retrieving lost data from cloud
storage platforms, which are increasingly used by businesses and individuals.
• Solid-State Drive (SSD) Recovery: Addressing the unique challenges of data
recovery from SSDs, which are becoming the dominant storage technology in many
devices.
• Cybersecurity Integration: Incorporating data recovery solutions into cybersecurity
strategies to mitigate the impact of cyberattacks and ransomware threats.

data is the lifeblood of our personal and professional lives. It encompasses critical
documents, cherished memories, financial records, and irreplaceable work projects. Data loss,
however, is a constant threat, caused by a multitude of factors ranging from hardware failures
and accidental deletions to software malfunctions and cyberattacks. This is where Project
Lost Data Retrieval steps in, offering a beacon of hope for those facing the nightmare of data
loss.

Understanding Data Loss:

Data loss can be categorized into two main types: logical and physical. Logical data loss
refers to situations where the data itself is intact but inaccessible due to software errors,
formatting issues, or accidental deletion. Physical data loss occurs when the storage medium
itself is damaged or destroyed, for example, due to a hard drive crash, solid-state drive (SSD)
failure, fire, flood, or even physical wear and tear.

The Importance of Data Recovery:

The impact of data loss can vary depending on the nature of the data and its importance to the
user. Lost personal photos and videos can evoke a sense of emotional distress, while missing
business documents can cause significant financial losses and hamper productivity. In a
world where businesses rely heavily on digital information, data recovery becomes a crucial
element of business continuity plans.

Project Lost Data Retrieval: A Multi-Pronged Approach

Project Lost Data Retrieval aims to tackle the challenge of data loss by employing a
comprehensive approach that encompasses various methodologies and tools. Here's a
breakdown of the key components:

• Data Assessment: The first step involves a thorough assessment of the data loss
situation. This includes determining the type of data loss (logical or physical), the
affected storage medium (hard drive, SSD, memory card, etc.), and the potential cause
of the loss.
• Data Recovery Techniques: Based on the assessment, specific data recovery
techniques are employed. For logical data loss, software-based recovery tools are used
to scan the storage device for recoverable files. These tools can identify deleted files
and folders, even if they have been overwritten partially. Depending on the severity of
the data loss, specialized data recovery software might be required.
• Physical Data Recovery: In cases of physical damage, specialized hardware tools
and techniques are needed to access and recover data from the damaged storage
device. This often involves working in specialized cleanroom environments to
minimize further damage. Physical data recovery can be a complex and expensive
process, but it can be crucial in situations where the data is irreplaceable.
• Data Imaging: A crucial step in data recovery involves creating an image of the
storage device. This image is a complete copy of the data on the device, including
deleted files and even sections that may be physically damaged. The data image
serves as a pristine copy on which data recovery tools can work without impacting the
original device.
• Data Validation and Verification: Once data is recovered, it undergoes a rigorous
validation process to ensure its integrity and functionality. This involves verifying
whether the recovered files are complete, free from corruption, and can be opened and
used correctly.
Advanced Technologies in Data Recovery:

Project Lost Data Retrieval leverages advancements in technology to enhance data recovery
capabilities. Some of the key areas of focus include:

• Data Carving: This technique bypasses the file system and directly scans the storage
medium for patterns that resemble known file signatures. This is particularly useful in
situations where the file system itself is damaged.
• RAID Recovery: RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) configurations
offer data redundancy and can withstand the failure of one or more disks. However,
data recovery from RAID systems can be complex. Project Lost Data Retrieval
employs specialized tools and techniques to recover data from RAID configurations.
• Solid-State Drive (SSD) Recovery: Data recovery from SSDs can be particularly
challenging due to the way data is stored and overwritten. Project Lost Data Retrieval
utilizes specialized techniques for SSD recovery that maximize the chances of
successful data retrieval.

Importance of Data Backup and Prevention Strategies:

While Project Lost Data Retrieval offers a valuable lifeline for data loss situations, prevention
is always better than cure. The project incorporates the importance of data backup strategies
to minimize data loss risks. Here are some key recommendations:

• Regular Backups: Implement a regular data backup regimen. This could involve
backing up data to an external hard drive, cloud storage, or a combination of both.
• Redundancy: Consider implementing RAID configurations or other redundancy
measures to ensure data availability even in case of a disk failure.
• Encryption: Encrypt sensitive data to protect it against unauthorized access in case of
physical theft or cyberattacks.
• Data Hygiene: Practice good data hygiene by avoiding unnecessary deletions, using
antivirus software, and keeping your storage devices healthy and free from malware.

The Importance of Data Recovery

Data is the lifeblood of modern society. It fuels personal and professional endeavors alike.
Here's why data retrieval is so crucial:
 • Personal Data: Family photos, videos, financial documents, and sentimental
recordings are irreplaceable. Losing them can be emotionally crippling.
• Business Continuity: Businesses rely on data for everything from customer records
and financial statements to project plans and intellectual property. Data loss can
disrupt operations, stall projects, and damage customer trust.
• Legal and Regulatory Compliance: Many organizations are subject to strict data
retention regulations. Losing data can lead to legal repercussions and financial
penalties.

Understanding Data Loss Scenarios

Data loss can occur due to a multitude of reasons, some accidental and others more
deliberate. Here are some common scenarios:

• Accidental Deletion: A simple mistake, such as hitting the wrong button, can result
in permanent data loss.
• Hardware Failure: Storage devices like hard drives and solid-state drives (SSDs)
can malfunction due to physical damage, overheating, or wear and tear.
• Software Corruption: Corrupted files or operating system issues can render data
inaccessible.
• Formatting Errors: Accidental formatting or formatting errors can completely erase
data on a storage device.
• Virus Attacks: Malware can encrypt or delete data, making it inaccessible.

• Ransomware Attacks: Ransomware encrypts data, demanding a ransom payment for

decryption.

Project Lost Data Retrieval in Action

The goal of Project Lost Data Retrieval is to provide a comprehensive approach to data
recovery, regardless of the cause of loss. The project typically follows a multi-step process:

1. Initial Assessment:

• The project begins with a thorough consultation with the client to understand the
nature of the data loss. This includes details about the storage device, the type of data
lost, and the potential cause of loss.
2. Data Recovery Techniques:

• Based on the assessment, data recovery specialists will select the appropriate
technique(s) for recovering the lost data. Common techniques include:
o Undelete Software: Special software can find and recover recently deleted
files on a storage device.
o Data Carving: This technique identifies data fragments scattered across a
storage device and attempts to reassemble them into usable files.
o Disk Imaging: Creates a complete image of the storage device, allowing
recovery attempts on a copy without jeopardizing the original data.
o Physical Data Recovery: In extreme cases, when physical damage to the
storage device is suspected, advanced techniques involving cleanroom
environments and specialized hardware may be necessary.

3. Data Cleaning and Validation:

• Once the data is recovered, it may be fragmented or corrupted. The retrieved data will
be cleaned and validated to ensure its integrity and usability.

4. Secure Data Return:

• Recovered data will be securely returned to the client in a preferred format.

5. Data Backup and Security Recommendations:

• Project Lost Data Retrieval can go beyond immediate recovery. Recommendations for
data backup strategies and data security best practices can be provided to help prevent
future data loss incidents.

Benefits of Project Lost Data Retrieval

Investing in data recovery can offer significant benefits:

 • Data Restoration: The most immediate benefit is the restoration of lost data,
alleviating both personal and professional anxieties.
• Reduced Downtime: Businesses can recover quickly from data loss, minimizing
disruptions in operations and financial losses.

• Peace of Mind: Knowing that a data recovery solution exists can provide a
sense ofsecurity and reduce the risk associated with potential data loss.

Limitations of Data Recovery

While data recovery is a powerful tool, it doesn't guarantee complete success. Here are some
limitations to consider:

• Severity of Data Loss: The more severe the data loss (e.g., physical damage to the
storage device), the lower the chances of successful recovery.
• Overwriting of Data: Data can be permanently overwritten by new files stored on
the affected device, reducing the chances of recovery.
• Time Factor: Timely action is crucial for maximizing the chances of data recovery.
The longer the delay, the greater the risk of overwriting or further damage.

2. Objective
In today's data-driven world, the loss of crucial information can have crippling consequences.
Accidental deletion, hardware malfunctions, system crashes, cyberattacks - these are just a
few threats that can lead to data disasters. This project aims to develop a comprehensive lost
data retrieval solution with a multi-tiered approach, addressing diverse user needs and
maximizing recovery success rates.

2. Multi-Tiered Recovery Strategy:

This project breaks down data recovery into three distinct tiers, each catering to different
levels of user expertise and data loss severity.
Tier 1: User-Friendly Recovery for Non-Technical Users:

• Automated File Retrieval: Implement intuitive tools that scan storage devices for
commonly deleted files. This tier caters to users who have accidentally deleted files
and need a quick and easy solution.
• Data Type-Specific Recovery: Enable recovery of specific file types (documents,
photos, videos) through pre-defined profiles. Users can prioritize the recovery of
critical data types based on their needs.
• Guided Recovery Wizards: Develop interactive wizards that guide non-technical
users through the recovery process with clear instructions and minimal technical
jargon.
 • Data Preview: Allow users to preview recovered files before full restoration,
ensuring they retrieve the correct data.

Tier 2: Advanced Recovery for Experienced Users and IT Professionals:

• Data Source Identification: Provide advanced tools to identify the type of storage
media, file system, and operating system involved. This information can be crucial in
selecting the most appropriate recovery methods.
• Data Loss Assessment: Implement diagnostic tools to analyze the extent of damage
and the likelihood of successful recovery. This allows users to understand the
potential limitations and optimize the recovery process.
• Customizable Recovery Options: Offer a variety of advanced recovery techniques,
including file system repair, partition recovery, RAID reconstruction, and data
carving. Experienced users can tailor their recovery approach based on the specific
cause of data loss.
• Raw Data Recovery: Incorporate tools for extracting data fragments directly from
raw storage media in cases of severe file system corruption. This caters to scenarios
where traditional recovery methods fail.

Tier 3: Deep Data Recovery (Optional):

This tier (potentially an add-on service) caters to highly specialized situations with severe
data loss. It may involve:

• Laboratory Recovery Services: Partner with specialized data recovery labs to

address complex hardware failures or data overwritten by new content.
• Forensic Data Recovery: Offer forensic-grade tools and techniques for legal
investigations, ensuring chain-of-custody and data integrity.

3. Project Scope:

• Recovery of data from a wide range of storage media, including internal and external
 hard drives, SSDs, USB drives, memory cards, and RAID configurations.
• Integration with popular operating systems (Windows, macOS, Linux) and file
systems (NTFS, FAT32, ext4, etc.).
 • Recovery of a vast array of file types, catering to documents, images, videos, audio
files, databases, and applications.
• User-friendly interfaces for all three tiers, catering to both technical and non-technical
users.
• Modular design allowing for future integration of advanced data recovery techniques
and potential integration with laboratory services.

The project may not encompass:

• Data overwritten by extensive new data writing.

• Recovery from physical hardware damage beyond repair.

4. Success Criteria:

The project will be deemed successful if it achieves the following:

• Develops a user-friendly and comprehensive data recovery solution with a multi-

tiered approach.
• Offers a high success rate in data retrieval across all tiers, minimizing data loss
impact.
• Provides various recovery techniques catering to a broad range of user skill levels and
data loss scenarios.
• Maintains data integrity and security throughout the recovery process.

• Offers clear and concise documentation for each recovery tier.

5. Target Users:

This project targets a diverse audience, including:

• Individual Users: Individuals who have accidentally deleted personal data from their
devices.
• IT Professionals: System administrators and IT professionals responsible for data
recovery within organizations.
• Data Recovery Specialists: Experts seeking a comprehensive suite of recovery tools
for advanced user scenarios.
6. Deliverables:

• Tiered Data Recovery Application: A software application with a user-friendly

interface catering to non-technical users, experienced users, and IT professionals.
• Detailed Documentation: User manuals, tutorials, and knowledge base articles for
each tier, providing clear instructions and best practices for data recovery.

7. Project Impact:

This project aims to empower users with a robust and versatile solution for lost data retrieval.
By offering a user-friendly platform with various recovery options, the project can help
minimize the impact of data loss incidents for individuals and organizations alike.

Additionally, by providing modular design and continuous development, the project

The digital age has brought immense convenience, but also introduced the constant fear of
data loss....

The digital age has brought immense convenience, but also introduced the constant fear of
data loss. Accidental deletion, hardware malfunctions, software glitches, and cyber threats
can all lead to the irretrievable loss of critical information. Lost data can translate into
significant financial losses, intellectual property theft, operational disruptions, and
reputational damage for businesses and organizations.

This project aims to develop a comprehensive and customizable lost data retrieval solution
that addresses various scenarios and caters to diverse user needs. The focus goes beyond
simply recovering data; it emphasizes a holistic approach that prioritizes data security,
prioritization, and usability.
Chapter 3. Source code

from fatx.drive.drive import FatXDrive

import argparse
import os
import logging
import sys

LOG = logging.getLogger('FATX')

def main(arg):
# TODO: have the option to specify a custom range
with open(arg.inputfile, 'rb') as infile:
drive = FatXDrive(infile)

if arg.print_drive:
print("Partitions:")
drive.print_partitions()

if arg.print_files or arg.print_partition or arg.recover:

if not arg.index:
raise Exception("Must specify a partition index in order to print its contents (-
-index).")

fatx = drive.get_partition(arg.index)
fatx.mount()

if arg.print_partition:
fatx.print_volume_metadata()

if arg.print_files or arg.recover:
root_dir = fatx.get_root()

if len(root_dir) == 0:
print("No files in this partition!")
else:
if arg.print_files:
for dirent in root_dir:
dirent.print_dirent("root:")
if arg.recover:
if not arg.outpath:
raise Exception("Must specify an output path (--output).")

if not os.path.exists(arg.outpath):
os.makedirs(arg.outpath)

for dirent in root_dir:

dirent.recover(arg.outpath, arg.undelete)
if name == " main ":
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Xbox 360 and Xbox Original drive utilities.")
parser.add_argument("-i", "--inputfile", help="Input image file.", type=str)
parser.add_argument("-o", "--outpath", help="Path to write recovered files.", type=str)
parser.add_argument("-n", "--index", help="Partition index.", type=int)
parser.add_argument("-d", "--print-drive", help="Print drive partitions.",
action='store_true')
parser.add_argument("-f", "--print-files", help="Print files in partition.",
action='store_true')
parser.add_argument("-p", "--print-partition", help="Print partition volume metadata.",
action='store_true')
parser.add_argument("-r", "--recover", help="Recover files.", action="store_true")
parser.add_argument("-u", "--undelete", help="Recover files marked as deleted.",
action="store_true")
parser.add_argument("-v", "--verbosity", help="Verbose level.", type=str, default="NOTSET")
args = parser.parse_args()

log_verbosity = [v for k, v in logging. dict .items() if

k.startswith(args.verbosity.upper())][0]

_stream = logging.StreamHandler(sys.stdout)
_stream.setLevel(logging.INFO)
_stream.setFormatter(logging.Formatter('%(levelname).4s: %(message)s'))

if log_verbosity != logging.NOTSET:
_file = logging.FileHandler('log.txt', 'w', 'utf-8')
_file.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
_file.setFormatter(
logging.Formatter('%(module)s::%(funcName)s::%(lineno)d %(levelname).4s %(asctime)s -
%(message)s'))
LOG.setLevel(log_verbosity)
LOG.addHandler(_file)
else:
LOG.setLevel(logging.INFO)

LOG.addHandler(_stream)

main(args)

import argparse
import sys
import os
import logging

from fatx.analysis.metadata_analyzer import FatXAnalyzer

from fatx.analysis.file_carver import FatXCarver
from fatx.drive.drive import FatXDrive, \
DRIVE_X360, DRIVE_XBOX, x360_signatures, x_signatures

LOG = logging.getLogger('FATX')
def main_recover(arg):
with open(arg.inputfile, 'rb') as infile:
drive = FatXDrive(infile)
basename = os.path.basename(arg.inputfile)

if drive is not None:

volume = drive.get_partition(arg.index)
volume.mount()

# orphan scanner will look for anything that looks

# like a valid DIRENT entry for complete file info
if arg.scan_orphans:
if arg.recover and not arg.outputpath:
raise Exception("Must supply output path if recovering files! (--
outputpath)")

analyzer = FatXAnalyzer(volume)
analyzer.perform_orphan_analysis(max_clusters=arg.so_length)
analyzer.save_roots(basename)
roots = analyzer.get_roots()
for root in roots:
root.print_dirent('.')

if arg.recover:
if not os.path.exists(args.outputpath):
os.mkdir(args.outputpath)

for root in roots:

root_dir = args.outputpath + '/cluster' + str(root.cluster)
if not os.path.exists(root_dir):
os.mkdir(root_dir)

root.recover(root_dir)

# signature scanner will go through blocks of data

# testing various signatures to see if they match
if arg.scan_signatures:
if arg.recover and not arg.outputpath:
raise Exception("Must supply output path if recovering files! (--
outputpath)")

analyzer = FatXCarver(volume)
if drive.mode == DRIVE_XBOX:
analyzer.perform_signature_analysis(x_signatures,
interval=arg.ss_interval,
length=arg.ss_length)
elif drive.mode == DRIVE_X360:
analyzer.perform_signature_analysis(x360_signatures,
interval=arg.ss_interval,
length=arg.ss_length)

if arg.recover:
for find in analyzer.found_signatures:
 find.recover(arg.outputpath)

if name == " main ":

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument("-i", "--inputfile", help="Input image file.", type=str)
parser.add_argument("-o", "--outputpath", help="Output directory", type=str)
parser.add_argument("-n", "--index", help="Partition index.", type=int)
parser.add_argument("-r", "--recover", help="Recover files to output path.",
action="store_true")
# TODO:
# - Only print the files found if this flag is set.
# - Don't use log file. Instead have user redirect stdout to file.
parser.add_argument("-v", "--verbosity", help="Verbose level.", type=str, default="NOTSET")

parser.add_argument("-so", "--scan-orphans", help="Use orphan scanner.", action="store_true")

parser.add_argument("-son", "--so-length", help="Number of clusters to search through.",
type=lambda x: int(x, 0), default=0)

parser.add_argument("-ss", "--scan-signatures", help="Use signature scanner.",

action="store_true")
parser.add_argument("-ssx", "--ss-interval", help="Interval for finding signatures (default
is 0x200).",
type=lambda x: int(x, 0), default=0x1000)
parser.add_argument("-ssl", "--ss-length", help="Maximum amount of data to search through.",
type=lambda x: int(x, 0), default=0)

args = parser.parse_args()

log_verbosity = [v for k, v in logging. dict .items() if

k.startswith(args.verbosity.upper())][0]

_stream = logging.StreamHandler(sys.stdout)
_stream.setLevel(logging.INFO)
_stream.setFormatter(logging.Formatter('%(levelname).4s: %(message)s'))

if log_verbosity != logging.NOTSET:
_file = logging.FileHandler('log.txt', 'w', 'utf-8')
_file.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
_file.setFormatter(
logging.Formatter('%(module)s::%(funcName)s::%(lineno)d %(levelname).4s %(asctime)s -
%(message)s'))
LOG.setLevel(log_verbosity)
LOG.addHandler(_file)
else:
LOG.setLevel(logging.INFO)

LOG.addHandler(_stream)

main_recover(args)
Backend Code
try:
import Tkinter as tk
import ttk
from tkFileDialog import askopenfilename, askdirectory
import tkMessageBox
except ImportError:
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk
from tkinter.filedialog import askopenfilename, askdirectory
import tkinter.messagebox

from fatx.drive.drive import FatXDrive, x_signatures, x360_signatures

from fatx.analysis.metadata_analyzer import FatXAnalyzer
from fatx.analysis.file_carver import FatXCarver
import os
import sys
import threading
import time
import logging
import argparse

LOG = logging.getLogger("FATX")

class DrivePanel(ttk.Frame):
def init (self, master):
ttk.Frame. init (self, master)
self.master = master

self.drive_nodes = {} # TreeView nodes that have drives

self.partition_nodes = {} # TreeView nodes that have partitions

self.progress_bar = ttk.Progressbar(self, orient='horizontal',

mode='determinate')
self.progress_bar.pack(side=tk.BOTTOM, fill=tk.X)

self.progress_label_text = tk.StringVar()
self.progress_label = ttk.Label(self, textvariable=self.progress_label_text)
self.progress_label.pack(side=tk.BOTTOM, fill=tk.X)

self.thread = None
self.analyzer = None
self.timer0 = None
self.timer1 = None

self.pack()
tree_columns = ('filesize', 'attr', 'cdate', 'mdate', 'adate')
self.tree = ttk.Treeview(self, columns=tree_columns)
self.tree.heading('#0', text='Drive Contents')
self.tree.column('#0', minwidth=100)
self.tree.pack(side=tk.LEFT, expand=True, fill=tk.BOTH)
 self.tree.bind("<ButtonRelease-3>", self.open_context_menu)
# self.tree.heading('cluster', text='Cluster')
self.tree.heading('filesize', text='File Size')
self.tree.heading('attr', text='Attributes')
self.tree.heading('cdate', text='Date Created')
self.tree.heading('mdate', text='Date Modified')
self.tree.heading('adate', text='Date Accessed')

scroll_y = tk.Scrollbar(self.tree, orient=tk.VERTICAL)

self.tree.configure(yscrollcommand=scroll_y.set)
scroll_y.config(command=self.tree.yview)
scroll_y.pack(side=tk.RIGHT, fill=tk.Y)

self.context_menu = tk.Menu(self, tearoff=0)

self.context_menu.add_command(label='Recover File System..',
command=self.recover_partition)
self.context_menu.add_command(label='Perform Orphan Analysis',
command=self.run_orphan_scanner)
self.context_menu.add_command(label='Perform Signature Analysis',
command=self.run_signature_scanner)
self.context_menu.add_separator()
self.context_menu.add_command(label='Expand Partition',
command=self.expand_all)
self.context_menu.add_command(label='Collapse Partition',
command=self.collapse_all)

def expand_all(self):
def expand_node(node):
for child in self.tree.get_children(node):
self.tree.item(child, open=True)
expand_node(child)

partition_node = self.tree.selection()[0]
self.tree.item(partition_node, open=True)
expand_node(partition_node)

def collapse_all(self):
def collapse_node(node):
for child in self.tree.get_children(node):
self.tree.item(child, open=False)
collapse_node(child)

partition_node = self.tree.selection()[0]
self.tree.item(partition_node, open=False)
collapse_node(partition_node)

def recover_progress(self):
file_name = self.thread.current_file[1]
label_text = 'Recovering: {}'.format(file_name)
self.progress_label_text.set(label_text)
self.progress_bar['value'] = self.thread.current_file[0]
if self.thread.is_alive():
self.after(100, self.recover_progress)
 else:
self.progress_label_text.set('')
self.progress_bar['value'] = 0
self.timer1 = time.time()
print('Dump completed in {} seconds'.format(self.timer1 - self.timer0))
self.master.bell()

class RecoverPartition(threading.Thread):
def init (self, partition, directory):
threading.Thread. init (self)
self.partition = partition
self.directory = directory
self.current_file = (0, '')

def run(self):
for x, dirent in enumerate(self.partition.get_root()):
self.current_file = (x, dirent.file_name)
dirent.recover(self.directory)

def recover_partition(self):
if self.thread is not None and self.thread.is_alive():
tkMessageBox.showerror("Error", "Please wait for analysis to finish.")
return

# TODO: selection() returns all selected. Support this.

partition_node = self.tree.selection()[0]
partition = self.partition_nodes[partition_node]
directory = askdirectory()
if directory == '':
return

self.thread = self.RecoverPartition(partition, directory)

self.progress_bar['maximum'] = len(partition.get_root())
self.timer0 = time.time()
self.thread.start()
self.recover_progress()

def orphan_scanner_progress(self):
cluster = self.analyzer.current_block
label_text = "Cluster {}/{}".format(cluster, self.progress_bar['maximum'])
self.progress_label_text.set(label_text)
self.progress_bar['value'] = cluster
if self.thread.is_alive():
self.after(100, self.orphan_scanner_progress)
else:
# self.tree.configure(state='normal')
self.progress_label_text.set('')
self.progress_bar['value'] = 0
self.timer1 = time.time()
print('analysis completed in {} seconds.'.format(self.timer1 - self.timer0))
self.master.bell()
panel = RecoverPanel(self.master, 0)
self.master.add(panel, text='Analysis results')
 orphans = self.analyzer.get_roots()
panel.add_orphans(orphans)

class OrphanScanner(threading.Thread):
def init (self, analyzer):
threading.Thread. init (self)
self.analyzer = analyzer

def run(self):
self.analyzer.perform_orphan_analysis()
self.analyzer.save_roots('data')

def run_orphan_scanner(self):
if self.thread is not None and self.thread.is_alive():
tkMessageBox.showerror("Error", "Please wait for analysis to finish.")
return

partition_node = self.tree.selection()[0]
partition = self.partition_nodes[partition_node]
self.analyzer = FatXAnalyzer(partition)

self.thread = self.OrphanScanner(self.analyzer)
self.progress_bar['maximum'] = self.analyzer.volume.max_clusters
# self.tree.state(('disabled',))
self.timer0 = time.time()
self.thread.start()
self.orphan_scanner_progress()
pass

def signature_scanner_progress(self):
cluster = self.analyzer.current_block
label_text = "Block {}/{}".format(cluster, self.progress_bar['maximum'])
self.progress_label_text.set(label_text)
self.progress_bar['value'] = cluster
if self.thread.is_alive():
self.after(100, self.signature_scanner_progress)
else:
# self.tree.configure(state='normal')
self.progress_label_text.set('')
self.progress_bar['value'] = 0
self.timer1 = time.time()
print('analysis completed in {} seconds.'.format(self.timer1 - self.timer0))
self.master.bell()
panel = RecoverPanel(self.master, 1)
self.master.add(panel, text='Analysis results')
orphans = self.analyzer.get_valid_sigs()
panel.add_entries(orphans)

class SignatureScanner(threading.Thread):
def init (self, analyzer, signatures, interval=0x200, length=0):
threading.Thread. init (self)
self.analyzer = analyzer
self.signatures = signatures
 self.interval = interval
self.length = length

def run(self):
self.analyzer.perform_signature_analysis(signatures=self.signatures,
interval=self.interval,
length=self.length)

def run_signature_scanner(self):
if self.thread is not None and self.thread.is_alive():
tkMessageBox.showerror("Error", "Please wait for analysis to finish.")
return

partition_node = self.tree.selection()[0]
partition = self.partition_nodes[partition_node]
self.analyzer = FatXCarver(partition)
# TODO: this is nasty, don't do this
signatures = x360_signatures if self.analyzer.volume.endian_fmt == '>' else x_signatures

self.thread = self.SignatureScanner(self.analyzer, signatures=signatures)

self.progress_bar['maximum'] = self.analyzer.volume.length / 0x200 # TODO:
analyzer.get_interval()
self.timer0 = time.time()
self.thread.start()
self.signature_scanner_progress()
pass

def open_context_menu(self, event):

item = self.tree.identify('row', event.x, event.y)
self.tree.selection_set(item)
self.tree.focus(item)
if item in self.partition_nodes:
try:
self.context_menu.tk_popup(event.x_root, event.y_root, 0)
finally:
self.context_menu.grab_release()
return

def add_drive(self, path):

# close this file upon termination
# or when drive is closed.
# file handle is needed for performing work.
infile = open(path, 'rb')
drive = FatXDrive(infile)

# insert entry for this drive

file_name = os.path.basename(path)
drive_root = self.tree.insert('', tk.END, text=file_name)
for index, partition in enumerate(drive.partitions):
partition_name = partition.name + \
' (Offset={:#x} Length={:#x})'.format(partition.offset, partition.length)
partition_root = self.tree.insert(drive_root, tk.END, text=partition_name)
 try:
partition.mount()
self.populate_directory(partition_root, partition.get_root())
self.partition_nodes[partition_root] = partition
except Exception as e:
print(e)

3. System Requirements
3.1 Hardware Requirements

The hardware requirements for a lost data retrieval project can vary depending on several
factors, including:
 • Target Users: A user-friendly data recovery application for non-technical users will
have less demanding hardware requirements compared to a tool designed for IT
professionals and data recovery specialists.
• Recovery Techniques Employed: Advanced techniques like data carving or RAID
reconstruction require more processing power and memory compared to basic file
recovery.
• Data Source and Size: Recovering data from a large hard drive will likely require
more resources compared to retrieving data from a small USB flash drive.

Here's a general guideline for hardware requirements:

Minimum Requirements:
• Processor (CPU): Dual-core processor with a minimum clock speed of 2.0 GHz
(faster is recommended for complex recoveries)
• Memory (RAM): 4 GB minimum (8 GB or more recommended for improved
performance)
• Storage: Sufficient free space on a separate drive (not the source drive with lost data)
to accommodate recovered data. The amount needed depends on the size of the data
being recovered.
• Operating System: Compatibility with popular operating systems (Windows,
macOS, Linux) based on the target user base.
Recommended Requirements:
• Processor (CPU): Quad-core or higher processor with a clock speed of 3.0 GHz or
faster (improves performance for complex tasks)
• Memory (RAM): 8 GB or more (allows for smoother operation during data recovery
scans and analysis)
• Storage: SSD (Solid State Drive) for faster data access and processing (HDD can be
used but may be slower) with sufficient free space to accommodate recovered data.
• Additional Considerations:
o Dedicated Data Recovery Tools: Some advanced data recovery software
may have specific hardware recommendations for optimal performance.
o External Drive Enclosure: If recovering data from an external drive that is
no longer bootable, an external drive enclosure may be needed to connect it to
the recovery system.
Important Notes:
• Data Recovery is not guaranteed: Meeting these hardware requirements does not
guarantee successful data recovery. The success rate depends on the severity of data
loss and the chosen recovery techniques.
• Data Security: It is crucial to use a separate drive for recovered data to avoid
accidentally overwriting the lost data on the source drive.

3.2 Software requirements

Software Requirements for Lost Data Retrieval Project

This document outlines the software requirements for the lost data retrieval project.
These requirements are divided into functional requirements, non-functional
requirements, and user interface (UI) requirements.

1. Functional Requirements:
• Data Source Identification:
o The software should be able to identify the type of storage device
(HDD, SSD, USB, etc.) and file system (NTFS, FAT32, ext4, etc.)
used.
o It should identify the operating system involved (Windows, macOS,
Linux) if possible.
• Data Loss Assessment:
o The software should analyze storage devices to assess the extent of
data loss, including the type and size of files affected.
o It should provide an estimate of the likelihood of successful recovery
for different file types.
• Data Recovery Features:
o The software should offer tiered recovery options catering to different
user needs:
▪ Tier 1 - User-Friendly Recovery:
▪ Automated scan for commonly deleted files.
▪ Data type-specific recovery (documents, photos, videos).
▪ Guided recovery wizards for non-technical users.
▪ Data preview before full restoration.
 ▪ Tier 2 - Advanced Recovery:
▪ File system repair for corrupted file structures.
▪ Partition recovery for lost or deleted partitions.
▪ RAID reconstruction for RAID systems experiencing
component failure.
▪ Customization of recovery techniques based on data loss
cause.
▪ Raw data recovery from severely corrupted storage
media.
o The software should support a wide range of file types for recovery,
including documents, images, videos, audio files, databases, and
applications.
• Data Security and Privacy:
o The software should employ encryption to protect data during recovery
and while stored temporarily.
o It should adhere to data privacy regulations and user consent when
handling sensitive information.
• Reporting and Documentation:
o The software should generate reports detailing the data loss incident,
recovery process, recovered files, and limitations encountered.
o It should offer comprehensive documentation on recovery procedures
and tools used for future reference.
2. Non-Functional Requirements:
• Performance:
o The software should perform data scans and recovery operations
efficiently with minimal impact on system resources.
o Recovery times should be optimized for both simple and complex
scenarios.
• Scalability:
o The software should be scalable to handle data recovery from various
storage device capacities.
• Usability:
o The software should offer a user-friendly interface catering to both
technical and non-technical users.
 o The tiered recovery approach should guide users towards the most
appropriate recovery options.
o Clear instructions and contextual help should be available throughout
the recovery process.
• Portability:
o The software should be compatible with major operating systems
(Windows, macOS, Linux).
3. User Interface (UI) Requirements:
• The user interface should be intuitive and visually appealing.
• Tiered recovery options should be clearly presented to users.
• Wizards and tutorials should guide non-technical users through the recovery
process with minimal technical jargon.
• Users should be able to preview files before full restoration.
• Progress indicators and completion notifications should be displayed during
recovery operations.
• Detailed logs and reports should be accessible for advanced users and IT
professionals.
3.3 Introduction to tools/technologies/ s/w used
Tools, Technologies, and Software for Lost Data Retrieval Project

Data Recovery Software:

• Tier 1 - User-Friendly Recovery:
o File Undelete Utilities (e.g., Recuva, Disk Drill)
o Photo Recovery Software (e.g., PhotoRec, Stellar Photo Recovery)
o Data Recovery Wizards with pre-defined settings
• Tier 2 - Advanced Recovery:
o Data Partition Recovery Tools (e.g., EaseUS Partition Recovery, DM Disk
Editor)
o RAID Reconstruction Software (e.g., R-Studio, GetDataBack)
o File System Repair Utilities (e.g., chkdsk (Windows), fsck (Linux))
o Data Carving Tools (e.g., PhotoRec, Scalpel)
• Tier 3 - Deep Data Recovery (Optional):
o Specialized Laboratory Recovery Tools (Proprietary software used by data
recovery labs)
 o Forensic Data Recovery Software (e.g., FTK Imager, EnCase Forensic)
Diagnostic Tools:
• Disk surface scanning utilities (e.g., HD Tune, CrystalDiskInfo)
• File system analysis tools (e.g., fsck (Linux), chkdsk (Windows))
• Data logging and analysis tools (for advanced users)
Operating System Integration:
• Integration with popular operating systems (Windows, macOS, Linux) for seamless
data recovery operations.
• File system drivers for accessing various file system formats (NTFS, FAT32, ext4,
etc.).
Data Security and Privacy:
• Encryption tools to protect recovered data during transit and at rest.
• Secure deletion tools for permanently erasing unrecoverable data (optional).
• Compliance with data privacy regulations (e.g., GDPR, CCPA)
Additional Technologies:
• Cloud storage integration for recovered data backup (optional).
• Data visualization tools for recovered file previews.
• Reporting and logging functionalities for documenting recovery processes.
Hardware Considerations:
• Data recovery specialists may utilize specialized hardware for complex data retrieval
scenarios, such as:
o Disk imaging tools for creating forensic copies of storage media.
o Data recovery chambers for handling damaged storage devices in a controlled
environment.
Open-Source vs. Commercial Tools:

The project can leverage a combination of open-source and commercial tools depending on
specific functionalities and budget constraints. Open-source tools offer a good starting point
for basic recovery needs, while commercial software often provides more advanced features
and user-friendliness.

Project Management and Collaboration Tools:

• Version control systems (e.g., Git) for managing software development.
• Project management tools (e.g., Trello, Asana) for tracking project progress and team
collaboration.
• Communication tools (e.g., Slack, Microsoft Teams) for facilitating communication
within the development team.
4. S/W Requirement Analysis
4.1 Problem Definition
Problem Definition: Lost Data Retrieval
Business Impact: Our organization has experienced data loss from [storage
device/system]. This lost data may include critical documents, financial records, project
files, or other essential information. This inaccessibility of data can lead to:
• Disruption of operations: Lost data can hinder our ability to complete tasks, fulfill
deadlines, and maintain normal business functions.
• Financial loss: Recovering lost data can be expensive, and the inability to access
critical information may lead to missed opportunities or financial penalties.
• Compliance issues: Lost data may contain sensitive information that is subject to
regulations. Failure to access this data could lead to non-compliance with legal or
industry standards.
• Productivity loss: Employees may waste time searching for lost data or recreating it
from memory, leading to decreased efficiency.
Technical Description:
• The data loss occurred on [date] from [storage device/system] (e.g., hard drive, server,
database).
• The cause of data loss is unknown (or, if known, specify the cause, e.g., accidental
deletion, hardware failure, software corruption, cyberattack).
• The type of data lost includes [list the types of data files or formats, e.g., documents,
spreadsheets, databases, images].
• The timeframe for which data needs to be recovered is [specify timeframe, e.g., all
data lost in the last week, all data from a specific project].
Desired Outcome:
This project aims to recover as much of the lost data as possible from the affected storage
device/system. The recovered data should be:
• Complete: We aim to retrieve all lost files or the maximum amount possible.
• Usable: The recovered data should be in a format that can be easily accessed and used
by authorized personnel.
• Secure: The recovered data should be handled securely to maintain confidentiality
and integrity.
Project Scope:
This project will focus on retrieving lost data from the specified storage device/system. It
will not include:
• Data recovery from additional storage devices or systems.
• Repairing damaged hardware or software beyond what is necessary for data recovery.
• Implementing new data backup and recovery solutions (although recommendations
may be provided).
By successfully completing this project, we can restore access to critical information,
minimize disruptions to business operations, and ensure compliance with relevant
regulations.

4.2 Modules & their functionalities

Modules:
1. Data Loss Assessment:
o Functionality:
▪ Gathers information on the data loss scenario:
▪ Type of storage device (HDD, SSD, USB drive, memory card,
etc.)
▪ File system (NTFS, FAT32, ext4, etc.)
▪ Cause of data loss (accidental deletion, formatting, hardware
failure, software corruption, etc.)
▪ Analyzes the storage device or system to determine the extent of
damage and the possibility of data recovery.
o Potential Enhancements:
▪ Integrate with diagnostic tools to automatically detect storage device
health and potential issues.
▪ Offer data loss scenario simulations to guide users in providing
accurate information.
2. Data Recovery Engine:
 o Functionality:
▪ Implements data recovery algorithms tailored to specific data loss
scenarios and storage devices.
▪ Scans the storage device for recoverable file signatures and lost data
fragments.
▪ Attempts to reconstruct damaged or fragmented files whenever
possible.
▪ Supports various file formats (documents, images, videos, audio, etc.).
o Potential Enhancements:
▪ Employ advanced data carving techniques to recover complex files or
fragments.
▪ Leverage machine learning for improved file type identification and
reconstruction.
▪ Provide recovery options based on user-specified file categories (e.g.,
prioritize photos or work documents).
3. Data Filtering and Preview:
o Functionality:
▪ Allows users to filter recovered files based on file name, type, date,
size, or other criteria.
▪ Provides file previews to help users identify the desired data before full
recovery.
▪ Ensures that only relevant files are restored, minimizing data clutter.
o Potential Enhancements:
▪ Offer advanced filtering options based on file content (e.g., keywords,
metadata).
▪ Implement visual previews for images and videos to expedite
identification.
▪ Enable selective preview recovery to save time and storage space.
4. Data Recovery and Export:
o Functionality:
▪ Allows users to select the recovered files they want to restore.
▪ Provides options for specifying the destination of the recovered data
(original storage, different drive, cloud storage, etc.).
 ▪ Verifies the integrity of recovered files before the final restoration
process.
o Potential Enhancements:
▪ Support secure data recovery methods (encryption, secure deletion of
source data after recovery).
▪ Offer cloud storage integration for convenient backup and
accessibility.
▪ Enable recovery of entire partitions or logical drives (if applicable).
5. Reporting and Logging:
o Functionality:
▪ Generates detailed reports on the data recovery process.
▪ Logs information such as recovered file types, sizes, locations, and any
encountered errors.
▪ Helps assess the success of the recovery attempt and troubleshoot
potential issues.
o Potential Enhancements:
▪ Provide customizable reporting options for user-specific needs.
▪ Export reports in various formats (text, CSV, PDF) for easy sharing
and analysis.
▪ Integrate with cloud storage for centralized logging management.
Data Validation and Verification:
• Functionality:
o Performs basic validation checks on recovered files (e.g., header integrity for
image files) to assess their potential recoverability.
o Enables the user to prioritize recovery attempts for the most critical files.
o May also involve manual inspection or verification tools for specific file types
(e.g., image viewers, document readers) to confirm file integrity.
Reporting and User Interface:
• Functionality:
o Generates detailed reports about the data recovery process, including:
▪ Information about the storage device
▪ File system analysis results
▪ Recovered files (file names, types, sizes, etc.)
▪ File system errors encountered
 ▪ Overall success rates
o Provides a user-friendly interface that allows users to:
▪ Navigate through recovered files
▪ Filter and sort files
▪ Preview files (if possible)
▪ Select files for recovery
Data Recovery and Export:
• Functionality:
o Recovers the selected files from the forensic image or acquired data to a
designated target location on a new storage device.
o Ensures recovered files are written to a separate device to avoid overwriting
any potentially recoverable data on the source device.
o May offer options to recover entire folders or file structures based on directory
information.
Security :
• Functionality:
o Implements secure data handling practices throughout the recovery process:
▪ User authentication and access control
▪ Encryption of sensitive information (if applicable)
▪ Secure deletion of temporary files after recovery
o Provides features to maintain data confidentiality and integrity, especially for
sensitive data recovery scenarios.

Additional Considerations:
• User Interface: An intuitive and user-friendly interface that caters to both technical
and non-technical users.
• Accessibility: Support for multiple languages and operating systems.
• Security: Secure data handling practices to ensure user privacy and data integrity.
• Documentation: Comprehensive documentation for the software and its
functionalities.
• Testing and Validation: Thorough testing with a variety of data loss scenarios and
storage devices.
• Error Handling: Robust error handling mechanisms to gracefully communicate
issues to users.
5. Software Design
5.1 S/W Development Lifecycle Model

Project Scope: Develop a software application that assists users in recovering lost data from
various storage devices.

SDLC Model: Waterfall with Iterative Elements

The project will primarily follow the Waterfall model, ensuring a structured approach.
However, iterative elements will be incorporated for flexibility in adapting to new
information or challenges during development.

SDLC Phases:

1. Planning and Requirements Gathering

• Define Business Needs: Identify the target audience (individuals, businesses) and
specific data loss scenarios the software aims to address (accidental deletion,
hardware failure, etc.).
• User Interviews and Surveys: Gather user input on desired functionalities, ease of
use, and supported storage devices.
• Feature Prioritization: Prioritize features based on user needs and development
complexity.
• System Requirements Document (SRD): Document the project scope,
functionalities, non-functional requirements (performance, security), and user
interface (UI) expectations.

2. System Design and Architecture

• High-Level Design: Define the overall system architecture, including data flow,
retrieval modules, and user interaction components.
• Data Recovery Techniques: Identify the data recovery techniques the software will
utilize (e.g., deep scanning, file system analysis) based on the storage media and loss
scenario.
 • Technical Architecture Document (TAD): Document the chosen technologies,
hardware/software requirements, and system components.

3. Development and Implementation

• Iterative Development: Break down development into smaller, deliverable iterations.

Each iteration focuses on specific features.
• Module Development: Develop individual modules responsible for user interaction,
data scanning, recovery algorithms, and data presentation.
• Unit Testing: Test each module independently to ensure functionality.
• Integration Testing: Test the interaction between modules and overall system
functionality.

4. Testing and Validation

• System Testing: Test the complete system with various data loss scenarios, storage
devices, and user inputs.
• Data Recovery Efficiency Testing: Measure the software's effectiveness in
recovering different data types and quantities.
• Usability Testing: Observe users interacting with the software to assess its ease of
use and identify areas for improvement.
• Performance Testing: Evaluate the software's performance under different loads and
data sizes.
• Defect Tracking and Resolution: Record bugs and issues encountered during
testing. Fix them and re-test to ensure resolution.

5. Deployment and Maintenance

• Deployment Strategy: Choose the deployment method (cloud-based, desktop

application) that aligns with user needs and infrastructure.
• Documentation: Develop user manuals, training materials, and FAQs to guide users
on software installation and operation.
• Release Management: Plan the software release process, including version control
and communication strategies for updates.
 • Customer Support: Establish a mechanism for user feedback, bug reporting, and
technical support.
• Monitoring and Maintenance: Continuously monitor the software for performance,
bugs, and security vulnerabilities. Implement updates and fixes as needed.

Iterative Elements:

• User feedback from testing can be incorporated into subsequent development

iterations.
• New data recovery techniques or functionalities may be added based on user needs or
technological advancements.

Success Criteria:

• The software successfully retrieves lost data from various storage devices.
• User interface is intuitive and easy to navigate.
• Performance meets expected recovery times and efficiency levels.
• User feedback is positive concerning functionality and ease of use.
• The software is secure and protects user data integrity.

Project Management Tools:

Utilize project management tools like Jira, Trello, or Asana to manage tasks, track
development progress, and facilitate communication within the development team.

Version Control System:

Implement a version control system (e.g., Git) to track code changes, revert to previous
versions if necessary, and manage concurrent development efforts.

This SDLC model provides a structured framework for developing a robust and user-friendly
lost data retrieval application. By following this plan and continuously adapting to user needs
and technological advancements, the project can achieve success in delivering a valuable tool for
data recovery.

Chapter 5. Results
Fig.1: [Log Creation]
Fig 2: [ Disk Selection ]

Fig 3: [ Displays Partion Tables]

Fig 4: [ Save the partition table]

Fig 5: [ Recovering NTFS boot sector]

 Fig 6: [ Restart the computer to access the data]

Chapter 6. Testing phase

Figure 1.7: Fuzzing mode part 1

E
Figure 1.8: Fuzzing mode part 2

Figure 1.9: Fuzzing mode part 3

F
Figure 1.10: Fuzzing mode part 4

Figure 1.11: Fuzzing mode part 5

G
Figure 1.12: Fuzzing mode part 6

Figure 1.13: Fuzzing mode part 7

H
Figure 1.14: Fuzzing mode part 8

Figure 1.15: Fuzzing mode part 9

I
 Figure 1.16: Fuzzing mode part 10

Chapter 7. References (1-2)p

Alvarez, E., & Tippins, S. (2019). Socialization agents that Puerto Rican college students
use to make financial decisions. Journal of Social Change, 11(1), 75–

85. https://doi.org/10.5590/JOSC.2019.11.1.07

Laplante, J. P., & Nolin, C. (2014). Consultas and socially responsible investing in
Guatemala: A case study examining Maya perspectives on the Indigenous right to free,
prior, and informed consent. Society & Natural Resources, 27, 231–

248. https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2013.861554

Jerrentrup, A., Mueller, T., Glowalla, U., Herder, M., Henrichs, N., Neubauer, A.,&
Schaefer, J. R. (2018). Teaching medicine with the help of “Dr. House.” PLoSONE,
13(3), Article e0193972. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193972
I
 Eaton, T. V., & Akers, M. D. (2007). Whistleblowing and good governance. CPA
Journal, 77(6), 66–

71. http://archives.cpajournal.com/2007/607/essentials/p58.htm

Lencioni, P. (2012). The advantage: Why organizational health trumps everythingelse in

business. Jossey-Bass. https://amzn.to/343XPSJ

Smith, A. (2005). Health effects of exposure to forest fires [PowerPoint slides].

Walden University Canvas. https://waldenu.instructure.com

Feinman, Y. (2018, July 27). Alternative to proctoring in introductory statistics

community college courses [Poster presentation]. Walden University Research
Symposium, Minneapolis, MN, United

States. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/symposium2018/23/

Torgerson, K., Parrill, J., & Haas, A. (2019, April 5-9). Tutoring strategies for online
students [Conference session]. The Higher Learning Commission Annual Conference,
Chicago, IL, United

States. http://onlinewritingcenters.org/scholarship/torgerson-parrill-haas-2019/

I
0