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2 views

Evs Report

Uploaded by

fabri cants
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Environmental Studies (EVS 22447)

Micro-Project Report
Air Quality Monitoring System Using MQ-135 Sensor

1. Introduction
Air pollution has become a global concern, contributing significantly to climate change and
health issues worldwide. Monitoring air quality is essential to understand pollution levels and
initiate solutions. This project presents a low-cost, real-time air quality monitoring system
using the MQ-135 gas sensor and Arduino to detect harmful pollutants such as CO2,
ammonia, benzene, and smoke. The system provides data through a serial monitor, making it
accessible and straightforward for users to assess air quality.
This innovative system bridges the gap between affordability and functionality, making air
pollution monitoring possible for homes, small businesses, educational institutions, and even
industrial sites.

2. Objective
The primary objective of this project is to develop an air quality monitoring system that:
 Detects harmful gases like CO2, benzene, ammonia, etc.
 Displays real-time air quality data through the serial monitor.
 Ensures portability and affordability for everyday use.
 Demonstrates scalability for larger applications, including regional pollution monitoring
with the help of drones.

3. Components
 Arduino Uno: The microcontroller that controls the entire system.
 MQ-135 Gas Sensor: Measures levels of harmful gases in the surrounding air.
 Breadboard & Jumper Wires: For connecting components.
 xPower Supply: 5V supply for the Arduino board.
 USB Cable: To connect Arduino to the computer for serial communication.

4. Working Principle
The MQ-135 sensor operates by measuring the concentration of gases in the environment.
The sensor’s internal structure heats a tin dioxide element, and as various gases come into
contact with it, the sensor’s electrical resistance changes. These changes are then converted
into voltage signals, which the Arduino interprets and processes.
The system provides continuous updates on air quality, displaying gas concentration readings
on the serial monitor in real time. When harmful gases exceed threshold levels, warnings are
triggered.
5. Challenges Faced
Several challenges were encountered during the project development, including:
 Sensor Calibration: Calibrating the MQ-135 sensor for accurate readings was crucial, as
environmental factors such as temperature and humidity can affect its accuracy.
 Environmental Interference: Gas sensors are sensitive to changes in temperature and
humidity, which could distort the readings. Ensuring proper ventilation and stable
conditions was important.
 Component Compatibility: Ensuring that the Arduino board and gas sensor were properly
synchronized to provide accurate real-time data required detailed attention to wiring and
coding.

6. Future Scope
By mounting this system onto drones, governments and environmental agencies can conduct
state-wide air quality assessments in real-time. Drones can cover vast geographic regions,
including urban centers, industrial zones, and remote areas. They provide the flexibility to
gather dynamic, real-time data without the need for stationary monitoring units.
Key advantages include:
 Wide coverage: Drones can monitor regions that are difficult to access.
 Cost-effectiveness: Reduces the need for installing and maintaining multiple air quality
stations.
 Data-driven insights: Immediate access to data helps in making swift decisions about
pollution control measures.

7. Visual Highlights of Our Project


8. Code implementation

9. Output

10. Conclusion

 The Air Quality Monitoring System provides a simple yet powerful solution for detecting
harmful air pollutants in real time. By displaying the data on the serial monitor, the
system provides accessible and continuous updates on air quality, allowing individuals
and organizations to take proactive measures.
 The scalability of this system, particularly through drone-based applications, offers a
glimpse into the future of environmental monitoring. Drones equipped with this system
could revolutionize how governments and environmental agencies track and manage air
pollution across vast regions, providing dynamic and detailed data for policy-making and
environmental conservation.
 This project demonstrates how affordable technology can be used to tackle significant
environmental challenges, from homes to industries and even global environmental
assessments.

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