MATH 10 2nd QUARTERLY EXAMINATION

Circle Arc
- Set of all points with the same - part of a circle between any two
distance from a fixed point called the points
center. - measured in terms of degrees

Example: circle A or ⊙A
- Used to name a circle. - Can be classified as:
- o Semicircle
 An arc which is one-half
Radius
of a circle which
- A line segment in a circle whose measures exactly 180°
endpoints are the center and a point  Named using the three
on the circle points of the arc but can
- It is the distance from the center to also named using two if
any point on the circle. only two points are
- Example: AJ , AN , AE̅ given on a circle
o Minor Arc
Chord  Less than a semicircle
- A line segment in a circle that has its which measures
both endpoints on the circle. between 0° and 180°
- Example: ¿ , JE , EN  Named using the two
endpoints of the arc
Diameter o Major Arc
 Greater than a
- A chord in a circle that passes
semicircle which
through the center of the circle.
measures between 180°
- Longest chord of a circle and its
and 360°
length is twice as long as its radius.
 Named using three
- Example: JE
points; first and third
Tangent are the endpoints while
second is the middle
- A line, a segment, or a ray that point between the first
intersects a circle at exactly one and third endpoints.
point, and the point of intersection is
called the Point of Tangency. Central Angle

Secant - An angle in a circle formed by two

radii whose vertex is at the center of
- A line, a segment, or a ray that the circle.
intersects a circle at exactly two
points. Intercepted Arc
- Formed when lines or subsets of a
line cuts across a section of the
circumference of a circle
Central Angle and its Intercepted Arc
- The intercepted arc of a central
angle has the exact same measure.
Example:
Find the value of x to get the
measure of ∠ BAD and BD
 MATH 10 2nd QUARTERLY EXAMINATION

to the sum of the measures of these

two arcs.
CONGRUENT CIRCLES AND
CONGRUENT ARCS
Congruent Circles
- Circles with congruent radii

XY is a radius of ⊙ 𝑌.
- Example:

AB is a radius of ⊙ 𝐴.
Find the value of x:

∠ BAD=BD If XY ≅ AB, then ⊙ 𝑌 ≅ ⊙ 𝐴.

10 x+ 40=15 x −5
10 x−15 x=−40−5
−5 x=−45
−5 x −45 Congruent Arcs
=
−5 −5
- Arcs of the same circle or of
x=9 congruent circles with equal
measures.
Substitute the value of x to get ∠ BAD and

In ⊙ 𝐼, if 𝑚TM̂
^ = 𝑚^ ^ ≅^
- Example:
BD
KS , then TM̂ KS
∠ BAD=10 x + 40
If ⊙I ≅ ⊙X and 𝑚TM
^ = 𝑚^ KS = 𝑚YZ
.
^ ,
∠ BAD=10(9)+40
^ =^
then TM ^
KS = YZ
∠ BAD=90+ 40
∠ BAD=130°
BD=15 x−5
BD=15(9)−5
BD=135−5 ____________________________________________

BD=130 THEOREMS ON CENTRAL ANGLES,

ARCS, AND CHORDS
To prove that ∠ BAD=BD :
Theorem 1. In a circle or in congruent
∠ BAD=BD circles, two minor arcs are congruent if and
only if their corresponding central angles
130 °=130 are congruent.

a. In ⊙𝑃, since ∠𝐿𝑃𝑀 ≅ ∠𝑂𝑃𝑁, then ^

Sum of Central Angles
≅^
NO
- sum of the measures of the central ML
b. If ⊙ 𝑃 ≅ ⊙ 𝐶 and ∠𝐿𝑃𝑀 ≅ ∠𝑂𝑃𝑁 ≅
angles of a circle with no common

∠𝐴𝐶𝐵, then ^ NO ≅ ^
ML ≅ ^
interior points is 360°
AB.
Arc Addition Postulate
- The measure of an arc formed by two
adjacent non-overlapping arcs (arcs
that share exactly one point) is equal
 MATH 10 2nd QUARTERLY EXAMINATION

In ⨀ D below, diameter H𝑅 bisects chord

MI and ^
MI since HR ⊥ MI wherein DA = 6,
MA = 7, and HD = 11.
1. AI
AI = MA
AI = 8
Proof of the Theorem

Given: ⊙ 𝑈 ≅ ⊙ 𝐾 and ∠𝑊𝑈𝑆 ≅ ∠𝐿𝐾𝑀 2. AR

^ ≅^
AR = HD – DA
Prove: WS LM AR = 10 – 6
AR = 4
3. DM
DM = HD
DM = 10
4. MI
MI = MA + AI
MI = 8 + 8
MI = 16
Proof of the Theorem

Given: In ⊙W, AZ is a diameter.

AZ ⊥ JM at T

Theorem 2. In a circle or in congruent Prove: 1. AZ bisects JM

circles, two minor arcs are congruent if and 2. AZ bisects ^
JM
only if their corresponding chords are
congruent.

a. In ⊙ 𝑇, BA ≅ CH . Since the two chords

are congruent, then ^BA ≅ CH
^.

b. If ⊙ 𝑇 ≅ ⊙ 𝑁 and BA ≅ CH ≅ OE , then
BA ≅ CH
^ ^ ≅ OE
^.

Proof of the Theorem

Given: ⊙ 𝑇 ≅ ⊙ 𝑁

AB ≅ OE
AB ≅ OE
Prove: ^ ^
____________________________________________
THEOREMS ON INSCRIBED ANGLES
Inscribed Angle
- An angle whose vertex lies on the
circle and the sides contain chords of
the circle.
- Different ways/cases in which an
Theorem 3. In a circle, a diameter bisects
angle can be inscribed in a circle:
a chord and an arc with the same endpoints
o Case 1. The center of the
if and only if it is perpendicular to the
circle is on one side of the
chord.
inscribed angle
 MATH 10 2nd QUARTERLY EXAMINATION

∠ BAD=3(25)−10
∠ BAD=75−10
∠ BAD=65 °
BD=5 x+5
o Case 2. The center of the
circle is in the interior of the BD=5(25)+5
inscribed angle
BD=125+5
BD=130
1
o Case 3. The center of the To prove that ∠ BAD= BD :
2
circle is on the exterior of the
inscribed angle 1
∠ BAD= BD
2
1
65 °= (130)
2
Example: 65 °=65
Find the value of x to get the measure of
∠ BAD and BD
Theorem 1. If an angle is inscribed in a

equal to 𝑜𝑛𝑒-ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑓 the measure of its

circle, then the measure of the angle is

intercepted arc.

Find the value of x: Proof of the Theorem

1 Case 1: The center of the circle lies on one

∠ BAD= BD side of the inscribed angle.
2
1 Given: ⊙O with inscribe angle ∠ABC
3 x−10= (5 x+5) and AC is a diameter.
2
1 ^
Prove: m∠BAC = m BC
5 x +5 2
3 x−10=
2
2 ( 3 x −10 )=5 x +5
6 x−20=5 x+5
6 x−5 x=20+5
x=25
Substitute the value of x to get ∠ BAD and
BD
∠ BAD=3 x −10
 MATH 10 2nd QUARTERLY EXAMINATION

Theorem 2. If two inscribed angles of a Tangent Line

circle (or of congruent circles) intercept - A line, a segment, or a ray that
congruent arcs or the same arc, then the intersects a circle at exactly one
angles are congruent. point.
- Example: SL
Point of Tangency
- The point of intersection of the line
and the circle.
- Example: Point L

Theorem 3. If an inscribed angle of a circle

Secant Line
intercepts a semicircle, then the angle is a
right angle. - A line, a segment, or a ray that
intersects a circle at exactly two
points.
- Example: EN

Theorem 4. If a quadrilateral is inscribed

in a circle, then its opposite angles are
supplementary.
Example:

Quadrilateral 𝐹𝐴𝐼𝑇 is inscribed in ⊙𝐻. If

𝑚∠𝐴𝐹𝑇 = 75 and 𝑚∠𝐹𝑇𝐼 = 98, find:

a. 𝑚∠𝑇𝐼𝐴

180⁰ = 𝑚∠𝐴𝐹𝑇 + 𝑚∠𝑇𝐼𝐴

Common Tangent
- A line that is tangent to two circles in
180⁰ = 75⁰ + 𝑚∠𝑇𝐼𝐴 the same plane.

180⁰ − 75⁰ = 𝑚∠𝑇𝐼𝐴

- Example:

105 = 𝑚∠𝑇𝐼𝐴

𝑚∠𝑇𝐼𝐴 = 105

b. 𝑚∠𝐹𝐴𝐼

180⁰ = 𝑚∠𝐹𝑇𝐼 + 𝑚∠𝐹𝐴𝐼 Common Internal Tangents

180⁰ = 98⁰ + 𝑚∠𝐹𝐴𝐼 - Intersect the segment joining the

180⁰ − 98⁰ = 𝑚∠𝐹𝐴𝐼

centers of the two circles
- Example:
82⁰ = 𝑚∠𝐹𝐴𝐼

𝑚∠𝐹𝐴𝐼 = 82
___________________________________________
LINES, SEGMENTS, AND ARCS
ASSOCIATED WITH CIRCLE AND ARC
LENGTH
 MATH 10 2nd QUARTERLY EXAMINATION

only two points are

given on a circle
o Minor Arc
 Less than a semicircle
which measures
between 0° and 180°
 Named using the two
endpoints of the arc
o Major Arc
Common External Tangents  Greater than a
- Do not intersect the segments semicircle which
joining the centers of the two circles. measures between 180°
- Example: and 360°
 Named using three
points; first and third
are the endpoints while
second is the middle
point between the first
and third endpoints.
Arc Length
The length of an arc which can be
Internally Tangent Circles determined
- Circles that are coplanar share a A l
common point of tangency, and by using the proportion =
360 2 πr
centers lie on the same side of their
where:
common tangent.
- Example: A is the degree measure of this
arc,
r is the radius of the circle,
l is the arc length.
Example:
Find the length of the arc intercepted by
the angle if the central angle measures 90∘
and its radius is 6 cm.
Externally Tangent Circles
- Circles that are coplanar shares a
common point of tangency, and with
circles lie on opposite sides of their
common tangent.
Arc
- part of a circle between any two
points Formula:
- measured in terms of degrees
- Can be classified as:
o Semicircle
 An arc which is one-half
of a circle which Given:
measures exactly 180° Central angle = 90°
 Named using the three
r = 6 cm
points of the arc but can
also named using two if π=¿ 3.14
Solution:
 MATH 10 2nd QUARTERLY EXAMINATION

measure of the central angle = 52.34 cm 2

Arc Length= ×2 πr
360
∴ The area of sector MSI is 52.34
90 °
Arc Length= × 2 ( 3.14 ) (6 ) cm2
360
Segment of a Circle
90 °
Arc Length= × 37.68 - Region of the circle bounded by an
360
arc and the segment joining
Arc Length=.25 × 37.68 endpoints.
Arc Length=9.42 cm Formula:
____________________________________________ Area of shaded segment = Area of
SECTOR AND SEGMENT OF A CIRCLE Sector – Area of Triangle

Sector of a Circle
- Region bounded by an arc of the Steps in finding the area of the shaded
circle and the two radii to the segment:
endpoints of the arc.
Formula:

Example:
Find the area of the sector MSI.

Example:
Find the shaded segment

Step 1. Determine first the ratio:

o
measure of the arc 60
=
360 360
o
a. Find the area of sector BWM
1
= To find the area of the sector BWM:
6
I. Determine first the ratio:
Step 2. Find the area of the circle
o
using the equation A=π r 2 , where r is measure of the arc 110
=
the length of radius. 360 360
o

2
A=π r 11
A=π ( 10 cm )
2 =
36
2
A=100 π cm II. Find the area of the circle using
Step 3. Get the product of the ratio the equation A=π r 2 , where r is
measure of the arc
and the area of the the length of radius.
360 2
A=π r
circle. 2
A=π ( 11cm )
2
1 2 A=121 π cm
Area of sector MSI = ( ¿ 100 π c m
6

= 16.67 π c m 2
 MATH 10 2nd QUARTERLY EXAMINATION

III. Get the product of the ratio Given: XZ is a tangent line and YX is a
measure of the arc secant line.
and the area of
360
^
Find m ∠ YXZ if m YX=150
the circle.
11 2
Area of sector BWM = ( ¿ 121 π c m
36
= 36.97 π c m 2
∴ The area of sector BWM is = 116.09 c m2.
b. Find the area of the triangle
1
The area of triangle BWM is A=
2
(base) (height).
Solution:
In the same figure,
1 ^
Find m ∠ YXZ if m YX=150
The area of ∆ BWM= (11 cm) (11
2
cm). 1^
m ∠ YXZ= YX
(The base and the height of the 2
triangle is considered the radius of
1
the circle). m ∠ YXZ= ( 150 )
1 2
The area of ∆ BWM = (11 cm) (11
2 m ∠ YXZ=75 °
cm).
1 2. Angles formed by two secants
The area of ∆ BWM = (121 cm2) intersecting inside the circle
2
2 - If two secants intersect in the interior
The area of ∆ BWM =
121c m
of a circle, then the measure of an
2
angle formed is one-half the sum of
The area of ∆ BWM = 60.5 c m2
the measures of the arcs intercepted
c. Subtract the Area of the ∆ BWM by the angle and its vertical angle.
to the Area of sector BWM, that
is, Example:

Area of the shaded segment=Area of sector Given: CD and BE are secant segments.
BWM - Area of the ∆ BWM
Find m ∠ DAE if m ^ ^ =10
DE=80 and m BC
Area of the shaded segment = 116.09 c m 2-
2
60.5 c m
Area of the shaded segment = 55.59
cm2
____________________________________________
THEOREMS ON ANGLES FORMED BY
TANGENTS AND SECANTS ^ =10
Find m ∠ DAE if m ^
DE=80 and m BC
1. Tangent-Secant Theorem
- Given an angle with its vertex on a 1 ^ ^
m ∠ DAE= (m D E+mBC)
circle, formed by a secant ray and a 2
tangent ray, the measure of the 1
angle is half the measure of the m ∠ DAE= (80+10)
2
intercepted arc.
1
Example: m ∠ DAE= (90)
2
m ∠ DAE=45 °
 MATH 10 2nd QUARTERLY EXAMINATION

3. Angle formed by secant and

tangent intersecting in the exterior
of the circle.
- If a tangent and a secant, two
secants, or two tangents intersect in a
point in the exterior of a circle, then
the measure of the angle formed is
equal to one-half the positive
difference of the measures of the
intercepted arcs. FS∗SA=LS∗SG

Example: 6∗4=3∗x
24=3 x
Given: AD and AE are secant segments.
^ =40 24 3 x
Find m ∠ DAE if m ^
DE=90 and m BC =
3 3
8=x
X =8
SG=8
2. Theorem on Two Secant Segments
Solution: - If two secant segments are drawn to
^ a circle from an exterior point, then
Find ∠ DAE if m ^
DE=90 and m BC=40
the product of the lengths of one
1 ^ secant segment and its external
m ∠ DAE= (m D E −m ^
BC )
2 secant segment is equal to the
product of the lengths of the other
1
m ∠ DAE= (90−40) secant segment and its external
2 secant segment.
1 - External secant segment is the part
m ∠ DAE= (50)
2 of a secant segment that is outside
the circle.
m ∠ DAE=25°
Example:
____________________________________________
In the circle below, SI and TI are secant
THEOREMS ON SECANTS, lines. If m SI = 16, m TF = 10 and m FI = 8,
TANGENTS, AND SEGMENTS what is the length of HI ?

1. Theorem on Two Intersecting

Chords
- If two chords of a circle intersect,
then the product of the measures of
the segments of one chord is equal
to the product of the measures of the
segments of the other chord. HI ( HI + HS ) =FI ¿
Example: x ( SI )=8 ( 8+10 )
In the circle below, chords FA and LG x (16 )=8 (18)
intersect at S. If FS = 6, SA = 4 and LS = 3,
what is the length of SG? 16 x=144
 MATH 10 2nd QUARTERLY EXAMINATION

16 x 144 - Always nonnegative; it is positive

=
16 16 when the two points are different,
and zero if the points are the same.
x=9
Two points that are aligned horizontally on
HI =9 the coordinate plane:
3. Theorem a Tangent Segment and - To find the horizontal distance
a Secant Segment between two points, get the
- If a tangent segment and a secant absolute difference of their x-
segment are drawn to a circle from coordinates.
an exterior, then the square of the
length of the tangent segment is Example:
equal to the product of the lengths Find the distance between P (3,5)
of the secant segment and its and Q (5,5)
external secant segment.
d = |x2-x1|
Example
PQ = |5-3|
In the circle below, DA is a secant segment
PQ = 2
and BA is a tangent segment. If m AC = 9
and m CD = 7, what is the length of BA ? Two points that are aligned vertically on
the coordinate plane:
- To find the vertical distance between
two points, get the absolute
difference of their y-coordinates.
Example:
Find the distance between A(5,3) and
E(5,-6)
d = |y2-y1|
2
( BA) =9( 9+7)
AE = |3-(-6)|
2
x =9( 16) AE = |3+6|
2
x =144 AE = 9

√ x 2=√144 Derivation of the Distance Formula

x=12
BA=12
____________________________________________

DISTANCE FORMULA
Distance between Two Points
 MATH 10 2nd QUARTERLY EXAMINATION

MIDPOINT FORMULA
Midpoint
- It is a point lying between two
points and is in the middle of the
line joining the two points.

Example 1:
Find the distance between A(1,3) and D(7,
11)
Step 1. Step 1: Let (x1, y1) = (1, 3) and
(x2, y2) = (7, 11)
Step 2. Substitute the corresponding
values in the distance formula.
d= √ ( x 2−x 1)2 +( y 2 − y 1)2
d= √ (7−1)2 +(11−3)2 The Midpoint Formula
Step 3. Solve the resulting equation.
d= √ (6)2+(8)2
d= √ 36+ 64
M= ( x +2 x , y +2 y )
1 2 1 2

d= √ 100 If one of the coordinates is missing,

d=10 then we need to derive the formula
above.
Therefore, the distance between P and Q is
10.  Separate the x and y coordinates
of the midpoint:
Example 2:
x 1+ x 2
Find the distance between A (6, 8) and B (2,
o x m=
2
-4) 2 x m=x 1+ x 2
Step 1. Let (x1, y1) = (2, -4) and y +y
o y m= 1 2
(x2, y2) = (6, 8) 2
Step 2. Substitute the corresponding
2 y m= y 1 + y 2
values in the distance formula.
d= √ (6−2)2 +(8−(−4))2 Example 1:
d= √ (4 ) + ( 8+ 4 )
2 2
Find the midpoint of a line whose endpoints
d= √ (4 ) + ( 12 ) are (-3, -2) and (8, 9).
2 2

Step 3. Solve the resulting equation. Given:

d= √ 16+ 144 (x ¿ ¿ 1 , y 1 )=(−3 ,−2)¿
d= √ 160
d=12.64911064067352 (x ¿ ¿ 2 , y 2 )=(9 , 10)¿
d=12.65 Formula:
Therefore, the distance between A (6, 8)
and B (2, -4) is 12.65. M= ( x +2 x , y +2 y )
1 2 1 2

Solution:
 MATH 10 2nd QUARTERLY EXAMINATION

( )
−3+9 −2+10 consider the following guideline for
M= , placing figures on a coordinate plane.
2 2
1. Use the origin as vertex or center
M =( , )
6 8 of a figure.
2 2 2. Place at least one side of a
polygon on an axis.
M =( 3 , 4 ) 3. If possible, keep the figure within
Therefore, midpoint of a line whose the first quadrant.
4. Use coordinates that make
endpoints are (-3, -2) and (8, 9) is (3, 4).
computation simple and easy.
Example 2: 5. In some coordinate proofs, the
distance
B (3, 4) is the midpoint of line segment AC.
Find the coordinates of C if the coordinates Naming the missing coordinates
of A are (-3, -2).
Given:
(x ¿ ¿ 1 , y 1 )=(−3 ,−2)¿
(x ¿ ¿ m , y m )=(3 , 4)¿
Formula:
2 x m=x 1+ x 2
2 y m= y 1 + y 2
Solution:
Answer:
For x coordinate:
- V (3a, 0)
2 x m=x 1+ x 2 o Since V is the midpoint, half of
CT is the x-coordinate of V.
2 ( 3 )=−3+ x2
o Since V is horizontally aligned
6+3=x 2 with C and T, therefore they
have the same y-coordinate.
9=x 2 or x 2=9 - M (3a, b)
For y-coordinate: o Since M is horizontally aligned
with V, therefore they have
2 y m= y 1 + y 2 the same x-coordinate.
2 ( 4 )=−2+ y 2
Proving of Geometric Properties using
8+2= y 2 Coordinate Plane
10= y 2 or y 2=10 Prove that the two sides of an isosceles
triangle are congruent.

COORDINATE PROOF
Many geometric properties can be
proven by using a coordinate plane. A
proof that uses figures on a coordinate
plane to prove geometric properties is
called Coordinate Proof.
To prove geometric properties using
the methods of coordinate geometry, Given: ABI with sides AB , IB and IA
 MATH 10 2nd QUARTERLY EXAMINATION

Prove: AB≅ IB
Step 1. Place ABI on the coordinate
plane and label the coordinate points
as shown below:

We find the distance between the

center (0, 0) and P (x, y), which is the
length of the radius of the circle.
Step 2. Find the distance between A
and B using the distance formula.
From the distance formula, let P1 (0, 0),
A(-a,0) and B(0, b)
P2 (x, y), and r be the distance.
d= √ ( x 2−x 1)2 +( y 2 − y 1)2
d= √(0−(a))2+(b−0)2
d= √ (−a)2 +(b)2
d= √ a2+ b2
Step 3. Find the distance between I
and B using the distance formula.
I(a, 0) and B(0, b)
d= √ ( x 2−x 1)2 +( y 2 − y 1)2 Therefore, the equation of a circle with
d= √ (0−a) +(b−0)
2 2
center at the origin is x 2+ y 2=r 2.
d= √ (a)2 +(b)2
d= √ a2+ b2

Example:
Since the distance between A and B is
Find the equation of a circle with center is
√ a2 +b 2 and I and B is also √ a2 +b 2, by at the origin and a radius of 6 units.
substitution we can say that AB=IB.
Therefore AB≅ IB . The two sides of an Given:
isosceles triangle are congruent.
Center (0, 0)
r=6
EQUATION OF THE CIRCLE
Formula:
(STANDARD FORM)
2 2 2
A. Circle with center at the x + y =r
origin Solution:
Given the circle with center at (0, 0). To 2 2 2
draw its radius I, connect the center to x + y =r
any point on the circle like point P (x, 2 2
x + y =6
2
y).
2 2
x + y =36

B. Circle with center NOT at the

origin.
 MATH 10 2nd QUARTERLY EXAMINATION

Notice that the center of the circle is 2 2

(x−3) +( y−9) =8
2

𝑘). At point 𝑃 (𝑥,𝑦) on the circle, the

not on the origin but rather at point (ℎ,

radius 𝑟 is drawn connecting the two

2 2
(x−3) +( y−9) =64

points.
EQUATION OF THE CIRCLE
(STANDARD-GENERAL FORM)
The general equation of a circle is
x2 + y2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0
where D, E, and F are real numbers.
This equation is obtained by expanding
the standard equation of a circle with
center not at the origin.

If:
We find the distance between the
center (0, 0) and P (x, y), which is the D = -2h
length of the radius of the circle.
E = -2k
F = h2 + k2 - r2
From the distance formula, let P1 (h, k),
P2 (x, y), and r be the distance. Then the equation
x2 + y2 -2hx + -2ky + h2 + k2 - r2 = 0
becomes:
x2 + y2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0
Example 1:
Write the general equation of a circle with
Therefore, the equation of a circle with center A (-5, 7) and a radius of 10 units.
center not on the origin at any point (h, Then determine the values of D, E, and F.
k) is r 2=( x−h)2 +( y−k )2. Write the standard form:
(x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = r2
Example: Substitute the given values in the
Find the equation of a circle with center at standard form:
(3, 9) and a radius of 8 units. (x – (-5))2 + (y – 7)2 = 102
Given: (x + 5)2 + (y – 7)2 = 100
Center (3, 9) Expand the equation by getting its
square of binomial:
r=8
(x2 + 10x + 25) + (y2 - 14y + 49) =
Formula: 100
2 2 2
(x−h) +( y−k ) =r x2 + 10x + 25 + y2 - 14y + 49 = 100
Solution: Transpose the term from the right:
2 2 2
(x−h) +( y−k ) =r x2 + 10x + 25 + y2 - 14y + 49 – 100
=0
 MATH 10 2nd QUARTERLY EXAMINATION

Combine like-terms: - Take the coefficient of x (which

is D) and coefficient of y (E)
x2 + y2 + 10x - 14y + 49 – 100 + 25 and divide it by 2 then square
=0 it.
x2 + y2 + 10x - 14y - 26 = 0 - Add this value to their
respective group and to the
D = 10 right side of the equation.
E = - 14
F = - 26
3. Simplify both sides of the
equation.
Example 2:
2
D 2 E D
Identify the center and the radius (x + ) + (y + )2 = -F + ( )
given that the equation is (x+2)² + (y- 2 2 2
2
8)² = 16 then transform the equation in +(
E
)
general form. 2
Center: (-2, 8) 4. Identify the center and radius of
Radius: 4 the circle.
Transform into general form:
(x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = r2 Example 1:
2 2 2
(x – (-2)) + (y – 8) = 4 Transform x2 + y2 + 4x - 16y + 52 = 0 to its
(x + 2)2 + (y – 8)2 = 16 standard form and determine the center of
the circle and its radius.
(x2 + 4x + 4) + (y2 - 16y + 64) = 16
Step 1. Group the terms with the same
x2 + 4x + 4 + y2 - 16y + 64 = 16 variables at the left side of the equation
x2 + y2 + 4x - 16y + 4 + 64 – 16 = 0 and move the constant term to the
right.
x2 + y2 + 4x - 16y + 52 = 0
(x2 + 4x) + (y2 - 16y) = - 52
D=4
Step 2. Create two perfect square
E = -16 trinomials by completing the square.
F = 52 (x2 + 4x + 4) + (y2 - 16y + 64) = - 52 + 4 +
64
Step 3. Simplify both sides of the
EQUATION OF THE CIRCLE equation.
(GENERAL-STANDARD FORM)
(x + 2)2 + (y - 8)2 = 16
Converting from the general form to
standard form allows us to know the Step 4. Identify the center and radius of
circle’s center and radius. the circle.

Steps in converting the general form of Center: (-2, 8)

the equation of the circle to its standard Radius: 4
form:
1. Group the terms with the same
variables at the left side of the Example 2:
equation and move the constant
term to the right. Transform x 2+ y 2−14 x−12 y +60=0 to its
(x2 + Dx) + (y2 + Ey) = -F standard form and determine the center of
the circle and its radius.
2. Create two perfect square
trinomials by Completing the Step 1.
square. (x2 - 14x) + (y2 - 12y) = - 60
 MATH 10 2nd QUARTERLY EXAMINATION

Step 2.
(x2 - 14x + 49) + (y2 – 12y + 36)
= - 60 + 49 + 36

Step 3.
(x - 7)2 + (y - 6)2 = 25

Step 4.
Center : (7, 6)
Radius : 25

EQUATION OF THE CIRCLE

Center: (-2, -2)
(GRAPH)
Radius: 5
In order to graph an equation of a circle
in the coordinate plane, you must know Standard Form:
what the center and radius of the circle
is. And when we discussed the General (x - h)2 + (y - k)2 = r2
form to Standard form of equation of (x – (-2))2 + (y – (-2))2 = 52
a circle, we already determined the
circle and the radius of a circle. (x + 2)2 + (y + 2)2 = 25

Graphing Equation of a Circle in Graphing Equation of a Circle in

Standard Form General Form

Example 1: In order to graph a circle that is written in

2 2
x + y =81 equation of a circle in general form, you
Center: (0, 0) need to convert the general form to
Radius: 9 standard form to determine the center of
First, plot the center. Then from the the circle and its radius then graph it in
center, count 9 units to get its radius. coordinate plane.
Lastly, draw a circle using a compass.
Example 1:
x2 + y2 - 6x + 8y - 11 = 0
Convert into Standard Form:
Step 1.
(x2 - 6x) + (y2 + 8y) = 11

Step 2.
(x2 - 6x + 9) + (y2 + 8y + 16) =
11 + 9 + 16

Step 3.
(x - 3)2 + (y + 4)2 = 36

Step 4.
Center : (3, -4)
Radius : 6
Example 2:
Determine the center and radius in the
graph below. Then write its equation of a
circle in standard form.
MATH 10 2nd QUARTERLY EXAMINATION