Nature of Chapter:

1. Topic Tangent and Normal is more of standard variety based.

Concept wise you will have to primarily understand 3-4 concepts only.

2. Topic Increasing & Decreasing functions will involve more of concepts

and calculations, and these concepts will be helpful in overall Maths

3. If you are good at increasing decreasing functions, half of the

maxima/minima is already done.

4. Increasing/Decreasing functions and Maxima/Minima are relatively

smaller topics, but are much more important from conceptual and
understanding point of view.

5. Make sure you are very good at differentiation before starting this chapter.
 Weightage of Application of Derivatives (Last 6 years)
2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Average

JEE Main 3.5 % 3.6 % 5.8 % 5.0 % 7.0 % 4.8 % 4.95 %

Jee Advanced 0% 3% 3% 12 % 11 % 10 % 6.5 %

 Applications of Derivatives
● Tangent & Normal
● Increasing & Decreasing Functions
➢ Interval of Increase and decrease
➢ Comparison using Calculus

● Maxima & Minima

➢ Critical points
➢ First derivative test
➢ Analysis of cubics
➢ Concavity and Double derivative test
➢ Inflection point and nth derivative test
 Applications of Derivatives
Critical Topics:
● Interval of Increase and decrease
● First derivative test
● Analysis of cubics
Increasing & Decreasing Functions
 Increasing & Decreasing Functions

Definition:

f(x) is said to be strictly increasing over an interval [a, b] if :

While it is said to be increasing (or non-decreasing) if:

 Increasing & Decreasing Functions

Definition:

f(x) is said to be strictly decreasing over an interval [a, b] if :

x2 > x1 ⇒ f(x2) < f(x1), ∀ x1, x2 ∈ [a, b]

While it is said to be decreasing (or non-increasing) if :

x2 > x1 ⇒ f(x2) ≤ f(x1), ∀ x1, x2 ∈ [a, b]
 Increasing & Decreasing Functions

Definition:
f(x) is said to be monotonic in an interval if it is either only strictly increasing or
only strictly decreasing in that interval, i.e. it has single behaviour in that interval.
 Increasing & Decreasing Functions

NOTE :
(i) f(x) is not monotonic in [a, b]

(ii) f(x) is monotonic in [a, c]

(iii) f(x) is monotonic in [c, b]

(iv) f(x) is not monotonic in
neighbourhood of x = c
Interval of Increase and Decrease
 Interval of Increase and decrease

Test: For a differentiable function:

(1) f’(x) ≥ 0 ⇒ f(x) is strictly increasing
 Interval of Increase and decrease

Test: For a differentiable function:

(1) f’(x) ≥ 0 ⇒ f(x) is strictly increasing
(provided the points for which f’(x) = 0 do not form an interval)
 Interval of Increase and decrease

Test: For a differentiable function:

(1) f’(x) ≥ 0 ⇒ f(x) is strictly increasing
(provided the points for which f’(x) = 0 do not form an interval)

(2) f’(x) ≤ 0 ⇒ f(x) is strictly decreasing

(provided the points for which f’(x) = 0 do not form an interval)
 Interval of Increase and decrease

Let’s do some examples now

Q Find the intervals in which the function f(x) = x3 - 12x2 + 36x + 17
is strictly increasing.
Solution:
We have

For f (x) to be strictly increasing: f ’(x) ≥ 0

⇒ 3x2 - 24x + 36 ≥ 0
⇒ x2 - 8x + 12 ≥ 0
⇒ (x - 2)(x - 6) ≥ 0
⇒ x ≤ 2 or x ≥ 6
Hence, f (x) is increasing in the interval (-∞, 2] ∪ [6, ∞)
 Determine the interval of monotonicity of:
Q
y = x3 - 3x2 - 9x + 1
Solution:
Q

A (-∞, 0)

B (-∞, ∞)

C (-9, 0)

D (3, 12)
Q

A (-∞, 0)

B (-∞, ∞)

C (-9, 0)

D (3, 12)
Solution:
 JEE Main 29th Jan 2024, S2

Q The function

A decreases in (-∞, -2) U (-2, 8) U (8, ∞)

B increases in (-∞, -2) U (-2, 8) U (8, ∞)

C decreases in (-2, 8) and increases in

(-∞, -2) U (8, ∞)

D decreases in (-∞, -2) and increases

in (8, ∞)
 JEE Main 29th Jan 2024, S2

Q The function

A decreases in (-∞, -2) U (-2, 8) U (8, ∞)

B increases in (-∞, -2) U (-2, 8) U (8, ∞)

C decreases in (-2, 8) and increases in

(-∞, -2) U (8, ∞)

D decreases in (-∞, -2) and increases

in (8, ∞)
Solution:
Q
The function is increasing in

D
Q
The function is increasing in

D
Solution:
Solution:
Q Let f(x) be a function given by for all x ∈ [1, 4],

where [.] denotes the GIF, then f(x) is monotonically

A Increasing on [1, 4)

B decreasing on [1, 4)

C Increasing on [1, 2)

D decreasing on [2, 3)
Q Let f(x) be a function given by for all x ∈ [1, 4],

where [.] denotes the GIF, then f(x) is monotonically

A Increasing on [1, 4)

B decreasing on [1, 4)

C Increasing on [1, 2)

D decreasing on [2, 3)
Solution:
Solution:
 Determine the interval of monotonicity of:
Q
Solution:

So by graph we can say that f(x) is increasing

in (-∞, 0) & then in [0, ∞)
Q Let F(x) = 2x3 + px2 + qx - 6 cos2 x be an increasing function in
the set of real number R. Then a and b satisfy the condition:

A p2 - 6q + 36 ≥ 0

B p2 - 6q - 36 ≥ 0

C p2 - 6q - 36 ≤ 0

D p2 - 6q + 36 ≤ 0
Q Let F(x) = 2x3 + px2 + qx - 6 cos2 x be an increasing function in
the set of real number R. Then a and b satisfy the condition:

A p2 - 6q + 36 ≥ 0

B p2 - 6q - 36 ≥ 0

C p2 - 6q - 36 ≤ 0

D p2 - 6q + 36 ≤ 0
Solution:
We have f (x) = 2x3 + px2 + qx - 6 cos2 x
f ’(x) = 6x2 + 2px + q + 6 sin2x
Since f (x) is an increasing function for all x.
f’(x) ≥ 0
6x2 + 2px + q + 6 sin 2x ≥ 0
6x2 + 2px + q ≥ - 6 sin 2x
6x2 + 2px + q - 6 ≥ 0
Since above quadratic equation is ≥ 0, therefore, discriminant should be ≤ 0
(2p)2 - 4 (6)(q - 6) ≤ 0
4p2 - 24q + 144 ≤ 0
p2 - 6q + 36 ≤ 0
Q The least value of ‘k’ for which the function 2x2 - kx + 5 is
an increasing function in the interval 1 ≤ x ≤ 2 is ____.
Solution:
Q If f(x) = x3 + 4x2 + 𝞴x + 1 is a monotonically decreasing function

of x in the largest possible interval then

A λ=4

B λ=2

C λ = -1

D λ has no real value

Q If f(x) = x3 + 4x2 + 𝞴x + 1 is a monotonically decreasing function

of x in the largest possible interval then

A λ=4

B λ=2

C λ = -1

D λ has no real value

Solution:
 JEE Main 27th Jan 2024, S2

Q Let g(x) = 3f(x/3) + f(3 - x) and f’’(x) > 0 for all x ∈ (0, 3).
If g is decreasing in (0, 𝛼) and increasing in (𝛼, 3), then
the value of 8𝛼 is :

A 0

B 24

C 18

D 20
 JEE Main 27th Jan 2024, S2

Q Let g(x) = 3f(x/3) + f(3 - x) and f’’(x) > 0 for all x ∈ (0, 3).
If g is decreasing in (0, 𝛼) and increasing in (𝛼, 3), then
the value of 8𝛼 is :

A 0

B 24

C 18

D 20
Solution:
Solution:
Q The number of real solutions of x5 - 4x3 + x - 2 = 0
is equal to____.

A 0

B 1

C 2

D 3
Q The number of real solutions of x5 - 4x3 + x - 2 = 0
is equal to____.

A 0

B 1

C 2

D 3
Solution:
 Interval of Increase and decrease

Now, let’s see one observation for composition of functions.

But before that lets do one simple question on monotonicity interval of

composite function.
Q The function tan-1(sin x) is increasing in

D
Q The function tan-1(sin x) is increasing in

D
Solution:
 Interval of Increase and decrease

NOTE :
If f(x) and g(x) are monotonic function ∀ x ∈ R then:
(a) f(x) ↑ and g(x) ↑ ⇒ fog(x) ↑

(b) f(x) ↓ and g(x) ↓ ⇒ fog(x) ↑

(c) f(x) ↑ and g(x) ↓ ⇒ fog(x) ↓

(d) f(x) ↓ and g(x) ↑ ⇒ fog(x) ↓

 Let f(x) and g(x) be two continuous functions defined
Q
from R → R, such that f(x1) > f(x2) and g(x1) < g(x2), ∀ x1 > x2
then find the solution set of f(g(𝞪2 - 2𝞪)) > f(g(3𝞪 - 4)).
Solution:
 JEE Main 25th June, 2022

Q Let f : R → R and g : R → R be two functions defined by

f(x) = loge(x2 + 1) - e-x + 1 and Then,

for which of the following range of ⍺, the inequality

holds ?

A (2, 3)

B (-2, -1)

C (1, 2)

D (-1, 1)
 JEE Main 25th June, 2022

Q Let f : R → R and g : R → R be two functions defined by

f(x) = loge(x2 + 1) - e-x + 1 and Then,

for which of the following range of ⍺, the inequality

holds ?

A (2, 3)

B (-2, -1)

C (1, 2)

D (-1, 1)
Solution:
Comparison using Calculus
 Comparison using Calculus

Observation :
(1) If f(a) = 0 and f(x) is strictly ↓ for x ≥ a then
f(x) will be negative for x > a
(2) If f(a) = 0 and f(x) is strictly ↑ for x ≥ a then
f(x) will be positive for x > a
Q Prove that sin x > x cos x for x ∈ (0, 1)
Solution:
 IIT 1997

Q If and where 0 < x ≤ 1 then

in this interval:

A both f(x) and g(x) are increasing

B both f(x) and g(x) are decreasing

C f(x) is increasing

D f(x) is decreasing
 IIT 1997

Q If and where 0 < x ≤ 1 then

in this interval:

A both f(x) and g(x) are increasing

B both f(x) and g(x) are decreasing

C f(x) is increasing

D f(x) is decreasing
Solution:
 Multiple correct question JEE Advanced 2017
If f : R → R is a differentiable function such that
Q
f’(x) > 2f(x) for all x ∈ R, and f(0) = 1, then

A f(x) is increasing in (0, ∞)

B f’(x) < e2x in (0, ∞)

C f(x) > e2x in (0, ∞)

D f(x) is decreasing in (0, ∞)

 Multiple correct question JEE Advanced 2017
If f : R → R is a differentiable function such that
Q
f’(x) > 2f(x) for all x ∈ R, and f(0) = 1, then

A f(x) is increasing in (0, ∞)

B f’(x) < e2x in (0, ∞)

C f(x) > e2x in (0, ∞)

D f(x) is decreasing in (0, ∞)

Solution:
Maxima and Minima
 Maxima and Minima

This chapter is all about:

(1) Local maxima
(2) Local minima
(3) Global maxima
(4) Global minima
 Maxima and Minima

Local maxima (or just maxima): y = f(x) is said to have local maxima at
x = a if value of function at x = a is greater than or equal to values of
function in some neighbourhood of x = a
 Maxima and Minima

Local maxima (or just maxima): y = f(x) is said to have local maxima at
x = a if value of function at x = a is greater than or equal to values of
function in some neighbourhood of x = a

Local minima (or just minima): y = f(x) is said to have local minima at
x = a if value of function at x = a is less than or equal to values of function
in some neighbourhood of x = a
 Maxima and Minima

Local maxima (or just maxima): y = f(x) is said to have local maxima at
x = a if value of function at x = a is greater than or equal to values of
function in some neighbourhood of x = a

Local minima (or just minima): y = f(x) is said to have local minima at
x = a if value of function at x = a is less than or equal to values of function
in some neighbourhood of x = a

Remark :
Local maxima and local minima together are referred as local
extreme values or local extremum.
 Maxima and Minima

Global maxima (or just maximum value): A function y = f(x) has global
maxima at x = a if f(a) ≥ f(x) ∀ x in domain of f(x).

Global minima (or just minimum value): A function y = f(x) has global
minima at x = a if f(a) ≤ f(x) ∀ x in domain of f(x).
Critical Points
 Critical Points

It is a collection of points for which f’(x) is zero or f’(x) is undefined.

 Critical Points

It is a collection of points for which f’(x) is zero or f’(x) is undefined.

NOTE :
It is to be noted that critical points are the interior points of an interval.
 Critical Points

Let’s do some examples on critical points first.

 Find critical points of:
Q
 Find critical points of:
Q
Solution:
 JEE Main 8th Apr 2024, S1

Find critical points of:

Q
Solution:
Q The range of values of ‘a’ so that f(x) = sin x - 2(a - 1)x,
possess critical point is

D
Q The range of values of ‘a’ so that f(x) = sin x - 2(a - 1)x,
possess critical point is

D
Solution:
Q The set of values of ‘b’ for which the function
f(x) = (b2 - 3b + 2)(cos2x - sin2x) + (b - 1)x + sin 2
does not possess stationary points is

A [1, ∞)

B (0, 1) U (1, 4)

D None of these
Q The set of values of ‘b’ for which the function
f(x) = (b2 - 3b + 2)(cos2x - sin2x) + (b - 1)x + sin 2
does not possess stationary points is

A [1, ∞)

B (0, 1) U (1, 4)

D None of these
Solution:
 Critical Points

Remark :
Point at which f’(x) = 0 is called stationary point
First Derivative Test
 First Derivative Test

For a continuous function:

If f’(x) changes sign about a critical point, then we have

maxima or minima there.
Q Find the points of maxima and minima of
Solution:

For extreme values

Thus, local minima at x = 3

Local maxima at x = 1
 JEE Main 29th Jan 2024, S2

Q The function f(x) = 2x + 3(x)2/3 , x ∈ R, has

Exactly one point of local minima and

A no point of local maxima

Exactly one point of local maxima and

B exactly one point of local minima

Exactly two points of local maxima and

C exactly one point of local minima

Exactly one point of local maxima and

D no point of local minima
 JEE Main 29th Jan 2024, S2

Q The function f(x) = 2x + 3(x)2/3 , x ∈ R, has

Exactly one point of local minima and

A no point of local maxima

Exactly one point of local maxima and

B exactly one point of local minima

Exactly two points of local maxima and

C exactly one point of local minima

Exactly one point of local maxima and

D no point of local minima
Solution:
 JEE Main 2019

Q If S1 and S2 are respectively the sets of local

minimum and local maximum points of the function,
then

A S1 = {–2}; S2 = {0, 1}

B S1 = {–2, 0}; S2 = {1}

C S1 = {–2, 1}; S2 = {0}

D S1 = {– 1}; S2 = {0, 2}
 JEE Main 2019

Q If S1 and S2 are respectively the sets of local

minimum and local maximum points of the function,
then

A S1 = {–2}; S2 = {0, 1}

B S1 = {–2, 0}; S2 = {1}

C S1 = {–2, 1}; S2 = {0}

D S1 = {– 1}; S2 = {0, 2}
Solution:

Here at –2 & 1, f ’(x) changes from negative value to

positive value.
–2 & 1 are local minimum points.
At 0, f ’(x) changes from positive value to negative value.
0 is the local maximum point
Hence, S1 = {–2, 1} and S2 = {0}
Q The point in the interval (-π, π) where f(x) = ex cos x
has maximum slope is

D
Q The point in the interval (-π, π) where f(x) = ex cos x
has maximum slope is

D
Solution:
 First Derivative Test

Remark :
Let x = c be an interior point of interval, at which f(x) takes maxima
or minima. If f(x) is differentiable at x = c then f’(c) = 0
 JEE Main 2014
If x = -2 and x = 3 are extreme points of
Q
f(x) = a ln|x| + bx2 + 2x, then (a, b) is

A (12, 1)

B (1, 12)

C (12, -1)

D (-12, 1)
 JEE Main 2014
If x = -2 and x = 3 are extreme points of
Q
f(x) = a ln|x| + bx2 + 2x, then (a, b) is

A (12, 1)

B (1, 12)

C (12, -1)

D (-12, 1)
Solution:
 JEE Main 8th April, 2024

Q If the function f(x) = 2x3 - 9ax2 + 12a2x + 1, a > 0 has a

local maximum at x = 𝞪 and a local minimum at x = 𝞪2,
then 𝞪 and 𝞪2 are the roots of the equation:

A x2 - 6x + 8 = 0

B 8x2 - 6x + 1 = 0

C 8x2 + 6x - 1 = 0

D x2 + 6x + 8 = 0
 JEE Main 8th April, 2024

Q If the function f(x) = 2x3 - 9ax2 + 12a2x + 1, a > 0 has a

local maximum at x = 𝞪 and a local minimum at x = 𝞪2,
then 𝞪 and 𝞪2 are the roots of the equation:

A x2 - 6x + 8 = 0

B 8x2 - 6x + 1 = 0

C 8x2 + 6x - 1 = 0

D x2 + 6x + 8 = 0
Solution:
Now, that we have understood the concept of maxima/minima,
let’s do some examples where we need to do little more analysis.
Q Find ‘b’ such that f(x) has minima at x = 3 where
Solution:
Q
Solution:
Q Find maxima and minima value (if any) for:

, where g(x) = x3 - x2 + x + 1
Solution:
Q Find number of solutions of

HINT: Try to observe graphs.

Also focus on minimum value of RHS.
Solution:

By graph we can say that they will meet at x = 1

as minimum value of RHS will occur at x = 1
 JEE Main 27th Aug, 2021

Q The number of distinct real roots of the

equation 3x4 + 4x3 - 12x2 + 4 = 0 is _____ .
 JEE Main 27th Aug, 2021

Q The number of distinct real roots of the

equation 3x4 + 4x3 - 12x2 + 4 = 0 is _____ .

Ans: 4
Solution:

3x4 + 4x3 - 12x2 + 4 = 0

So, let f(x) = 3x4 + 4x3 - 12x2 + 4

∴ f’(x) = 12x(x2 + x - 2)
=12x(x + 2) (x - 1)

∴ f’(x) = 12x3 + 12x2 - 24x = 12x(x + 2) (x - 1)

Points of extrema are at x = 0, -2, 1
f(0) = 4
f(-2) = -28
f(1) = -1
So, 4 Real Roots
 JEE Main 29th Jan 2024, S1

Let f(x) = 2x - x2, x ∈ R. If m and n are respectively the

Q
number of points at which the curves y = f(x) and y = f’(x)
intersect the x-axis, then the value of m + n is ___.
 JEE Main 29th Jan 2024, S1

Let f(x) = 2x - x2, x ∈ R. If m and n are respectively the

Q
number of points at which the curves y = f(x) and y = f’(x)
intersect the x-axis, then the value of m + n is ___.

Ans: 5
Solution:
Solution:
Analysis of Cubic
 Analysis of Cubic

First let us pick a cubic f(x) = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d

Clearly, f’(x) is a quadratic and hence has:

(i) Two distinct real roots or

(ii) Two equal real roots or
(iii) Non real roots
 Analysis of Cubic
For a > 0, depending upon kind of roots of f’(x), we have
three possibilities of graph of y = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d

(i) (ii) (iii)

 Analysis of Cubic
For a > 0, depending upon kind of roots of f’(x), we have
three possibilities of graph of y = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d

(i) (ii) (iii)

Consider (i)
 Analysis of Cubic

Observation :
● For +ve leading coefficient, cubic attains maxima at smaller
critical point while minima is attained at bigger critical point.
Q

Find ‘a’ for which f(x) has negative point of minima

(i.e., f(x) attains minima at negative value of x)
Solution:
Solution:
 Analysis of Cubic

Observation :
● For +ve leading coefficient, cubic attains maxima at smaller
critical point while minima is attained at bigger critical point.

● f(x) will have three distinct real roots if f(⍺) × f(β) < 0 where
⍺, β are the roots of f’(x) i.e., critical points of f(x).
 Q If y = x3 - 12x + q has three distinct real roots then

A -16 < q < 16

B q2 = 16

C q > 16

D q < 16

f(x) will have three distinct real roots if f(⍺) × f(β) < 0 where
⍺, β are the roots of f’(x) i.e., critical points of f(x).
Q If y = x3 - 12x + q has three distinct real roots then

A -16 < q < 16

B q2 = 16

C q > 16

D q < 16
Solution:
 Analysis of Cubic
Similarly, for a < 0, f(x) = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d behaves as

(i) (ii) (iii)

Concavity
 Concavity
Concave up:
Graphically, following shapes are concave up.

(i) (ii) (iii)

 Concavity

The graph of a differentiable function y = f(x) is concave up on an interval

where f”(x) > 0 (i.e. f’(x) is ↑).

f’<0 f’>0

f’=0
 Concavity

Observation :
If f ”(x) > 0 for x ∈ (a, b) then for x1, x2, x3 ∈ (a, b)
 Concavity
Concave down:
Graphically, following shapes are concave down.

(i) (ii) (iii)

 Concavity

The graph of a differentiable function y = f(x) is concave up on an interval

where f”(x) < 0 (i.e. f’(x) is ↓).

f’=0

f ’(x) > 0 f ’(x) < 0

 Concavity

Observation :
Q If , then

D
Q If , then

D
Solution:
Q In a ΔABC: which of the following is true?

D None of these
Q In a ΔABC: which of the following is true?

D None of these
Solution:
Q For any acute angled ΔABC, the maximum value of

is equal to

D
Q For any acute angled ΔABC, the maximum value of

is equal to

D
Double Derivative Test
 Double Derivative Test

If f’(x) = 0 at x = a, then

(1) f”(a) > 0 ⇒ f(x) has local minima at x = a

(2) f”(a) < 0 ⇒ f(x) has local maxima at x = a
 Double Derivative Test

If f’(x) = 0 at x = a, then

(1) f”(a) > 0 ⇒ f(x) has local minima at x = a

(2) f”(a) < 0 ⇒ f(x) has local maxima at x = a

Remark :
If f’(a) = 0 and also f”(a) = 0 then Double Derivative Test
is inconclusive.
 Find maxima and minima of the following using
Q
double derivative test:
(a) f(x) = -x3 + 12x + 5 (b)

(b)

(c)
 Find maxima and minima of the following using
Q
double derivative test:
(a) f(x) = -x3 + 12x + 5

(b)

(c)
Solution:
 Find maxima and minima of the following using
Q
double derivative test:

(b)

(b)

(c)
Solution:
 Double Derivative Test

Now, we will do some problems of maximizing or minimizing some expression,

following some constraints.
 Find positive numbers x and y such that
Q
x + y = 60 and xy3 is maximum
Solution:
Q For all rectangles, with a given perimeter, rectangle
has the largest area if

A sides are equal

B one side is square of other

C one side is twice of other

D one side is cube of other

Q For all rectangles, with a given perimeter, rectangle
has the largest area if

A sides are equal

B one side is square of other

C one side is twice of other

D one side is cube of other

Solution:
Let the sides of rectangle are a and b and its perimeter is ‘p’

Thus, area of the rectangle

Hence ‘A’ is maximum when a = b i.e. rectangle is square

 Find least and greatest value of x2 + y2 - xy,
Q
where x2 + 4y2 = 4
Solution:
Let F = x2 + y2 - xy
Given, x2 + 4y2 = 4

Let x = 2 cos θ, y = sin θ

Solution:
Q Find the point on x2 = 8y which is nearest to (2, 4)
Solution:
 JEE Main 5th Apr 2024, S1

Q Let the maximum and minimum values of

be M and m respectively. Then M2 - m2 = ___

 JEE Main 5th Apr 2024, S1

Q Let the maximum and minimum values of

be M and m respectively. Then M2 - m2 = ___

Ans: 1600
Solution:
 An open box is to be made by cutting four equal squares
Q
from four corners of a square sheet of area 36 m2 and then
folding up the flaps. Find maximum volume of box.
Solution:
Since its square sheet, each side will be 6 m.
Let x be the length of the square cut from edges.
Thus, dimension of the box after cutting equal
squares of side x on the corner will be
6 − 2x, 6 − 2x and height x.
⸫ Volume of box V = (6 - 2x)2 x
V = (36 + 4x2 - 24x)x
V = 4x3 - 24x2 + 36x
Solution:
 Multiple correct Question JEE Advanced 2013, P1

Q A rectangular sheet of fixed perimeter with sides having their

lengths in the ratio 8 : 15 is converted into an open rectangular box
by folding after removing squares of equal area from all four
corners. If the total area of removed squares is 100, the resulting
box has maximum volume. Then the lengths of the sides of the
rectangular sheet are

A 24

B 32

C 45

D 60
 Multiple correct Question JEE Advanced 2013, P1

Q A rectangular sheet of fixed perimeter with sides having their

lengths in the ratio 8 : 15 is converted into an open rectangular box
by folding after removing squares of equal area from all four
corners. If the total area of removed squares is 100, the resulting
box has maximum volume. Then the lengths of the sides of the
rectangular sheet are

A 24

B 32

C 45

D 60
Solution:
Q Find the volume of the largest cylinder that can be
inscribed in a sphere of radius ‘R’.
Solution:

Let ‘h’ be the height and ‘r’ be the radius of the cylinder
Let O be the centre of the sphere shown in figure
From the figure

Now, volume of the cylinder

Solution:

Also,

Thus V is maximum at
Global Extreme Values in an Interval
 Global Extreme values in an interval

Let’s understand the procedure through examples.

 JEE Main 2018

Let M and m be respectively the absolute maximum

Q
and the absolute minimum values of the function,
f(x) = 2x3 - 9x2 + 12x + 5 in the interval [0, 3]. Then
M - m is equal to

A 5

B 9

C 4

D 1
 JEE Main 2018

Let M and m be respectively the absolute maximum

Q
and the absolute minimum values of the function,
f(x) = 2x3 - 9x2 + 12x + 5 in the interval [0, 3]. Then
M - m is equal to

A 5

B 9

C 4

D 1
Solution:
 Find the absolute maximum or minimum of
Q
Solution:
 JEE Main 30th Jan 2024, S2

Q Let f(x) = (x + 3)2(x - 2)3, x ∈ [-4, 4]. If M and m are the

maximum and minimum values of f, respectively in [-4, 4],
then the value of M - m is

A 108

B 392

C 608

D 600
 JEE Main 30th Jan 2024, S2

Q Let f(x) = (x + 3)2(x - 2)3, x ∈ [-4, 4]. If M and m are the

maximum and minimum values of f, respectively in [-4, 4],
then the value of M - m is

A 108

B 392

C 608

D 600
Solution:
 Global Extreme values in an interval

Observation :
Global minima does not exist in this case.
Q Find global extreme values of f(x) = 2x3 - 9x2 + 12x + 6
for x ∈ (0, 2]
Solution:

Hence, global maximum value of f on (0, 2] is 11 at x = 1

And global minimum does not exist
Inflection Point
 Inflection point

It is the point at which graph has tangent (i.e. graph is smooth)

and about which concavity changes.
 Inflection point

Remark :
● Points at which f”(x) is zero or undefined are contenders for
inflection point. Key is change of sign of f”(x).
● Observe y = x3 and for inflection points.
Q Find the inflection point of the function
f(x) = x4 - 4x3 + x - 10
Solution:
Nth Derivative Test
 Nth Derivative Test

If double derivative test is inconclusive (i.e. f”(x1) = 0 where x1 is a

stationary point) then we use nth derivative test. As per which we
go on differentiating f(x) at x1 till we get non-zero value
 Nth Derivative Test

Say we stopped at nth derivative then if n is even then we have

maxima and minima depending upon f(n) (x) is negative or positive
respectively, while if n is odd then we have point of inflection at x = x1
Observe y = x4 and y = x3