Technical Questions and Answers

Q: How many clusters are there in your vCenter?

A: It depends on your infrastructure. vCenter allows you to manage multiple clusters based on

workload and resource requirements.

Q: Are you handling a single vCenter or multiple?

A: This varies per setup. Single vCenter is common for smaller environments, while multiple

vCenters are used in large-scale environments for load balancing and geographical separation.

Q: If a server is facing a low memory issue, how would you handle it?

A: - Identify high-memory-consuming processes using monitoring tools.

- Adjust resource allocation (e.g., increase memory or migrate VMs).

- Enable memory overcommitment features like ballooning or swap files.

- Consider adding physical memory if the issue persists.

Q: What is the difference between FT (Fault Tolerance) and HA (High Availability)?

A: - FT: Ensures continuous availability by creating a live copy of a VM that takes over instantly if the

primary VM fails.

- HA: Restarts VMs on another host in the event of a host failure, ensuring minimal downtime.

Q: Have you set up FT before? Is a cluster required for FT?

A: Yes, FT requires a cluster for host redundancy and shared storage.

Q: What is the difference between a distributed switch and a standard switch?

A: - Standard Switch: Created per ESXi host, managed independently.

- Distributed Switch: Centralized switch across multiple hosts, managed via vCenter, providing

consistent network configuration.

Q: When creating a virtual machine, does it connect through a distributed switch or a

A: This depends on the setup. A distributed switch is preferred in large environments for central

management.

Q: Can you explain the process for creating a 5-node cluster in vCenter?

A: 1. In vCenter, go to the Hosts and Clusters view.

2. Create a new cluster and configure HA/DRS settings.

3. Add five ESXi hosts to the cluster.

4. Configure shared storage and networking.

5. Validate cluster settings and enable EVC if required.

Q: What is a port group, and how do you create one?

A: A port group is a network configuration used by VMs to communicate.

- To create: Navigate to the switch in vCenter, and under Networking, select Add Port Group.

Q: What is EVC (Enhanced vMotion Compatibility), and where is it enabled?

A: EVC ensures CPU compatibility across hosts in a cluster to support vMotion. It is enabled at the

cluster level in vCenter.

Q: What VMware issues have you encountered and resolved?

A: Examples include:

- Resolving VM performance issues.

- Fixing network misconfigurations.

- Addressing storage connectivity problems.

Q: If a virtual machine is inaccessible, how would you troubleshoot it?

A: - Check host availability.

- Verify network connectivity and storage paths.

- Inspect VM logs for errors.

Q: What is a backup, and how would you ensure proper data backup?

A: A backup is a copy of data stored elsewhere for recovery. Ensure backups by using reliable tools,

scheduling regular backups, and testing recovery procedures.

Q: How do you check the IP address in Linux?

A: Use commands like ifconfig or ip addr.

Q: How can you determine the number of files within folders in Linux?

A: Use the command: ls -1 | wc -l.

Q: How would you take a data backup of files in Linux?

A: Use commands like rsync, tar, or cp to copy files to backup locations.

Q: If an IP address needs to remain the same for a client, what would be your approach?

A: Configure a DHCP reservation for the client's MAC address or assign a static IP.

Q: What is a superscope?

A: A superscope groups multiple DHCP scopes for managing IP addressing across different

subnets.

Q: When upgrading ESXi, what is the risk percentage for affecting physical machines?

A: Risks are minimal if performed correctly using maintenance mode and vMotion to migrate VMs.

Q: When does Microsoft release patches?

A: Microsoft releases patches on Patch Tuesday, the second Tuesday of every month.

Q: What is RAID 5, and how many hard disks are required?

A: RAID 5 uses block-level striping with parity, requiring a minimum of 3 disks.

Q: What is RAID 1?
A: RAID 1 mirrors data across two disks, ensuring redundancy.

Q: What are the differences between RAID 1 and RAID 10?

A: - RAID 1: Simple mirroring for redundancy.

- RAID 10: Combines mirroring and striping for performance and redundancy.

Q: What is Active Directory (AD)?

A: AD is a directory service by Microsoft for centralized management of users, computers, and

resources in a network.

Q: How do you manage the inventory of services?

A: Use tools like SCCM, monitoring solutions, or custom scripts to track and manage services.

Q: What is WSB (Windows Server Backup)?

A: WSB is a built-in Windows tool for scheduling and managing server backups.

Q: Which monitoring tools have you used?

A: Examples include Prometheus, Grafana, Nagios, SolarWinds, and vRealize Operations.

Q: Where are distributed switch and standard switch created?

A: - Distributed Switch: Created in vCenter under the Networking section.

- Standard Switch: Created on individual ESXi hosts.

Q: How to take reservation in DHCP?

A: Reserve an IP by mapping it to a client's MAC address in the DHCP server settings.

Q: Thick and Thin Provisioning

A: - Thick: Allocates full disk space immediately.

- Thin: Allocates disk space on demand, saving storage.

Q: ITIL
A: A framework for IT service management, focusing on aligning IT services with business needs.

Q: Change Management

A: A process to ensure changes are made systematically with minimal disruption.

Q: Service Request

A: A formal user request for IT services or resources.

Q: Problem Management

A: Identifies and resolves root causes of recurring incidents.

Q: DNS Server / DHCP Server

A: - DNS Server: Resolves domain names to IPs.

- DHCP Server: Assigns dynamic IPs to devices.