Parts of Research Proposal: Research, Research

Title, Research Problem, Objectives, and Hypothesis

Learning Competency: The learners should be able to present

a research proposal.
Objective/s: After going through this lesson, you are expected
to:

1. Describe the different parts of a Research Proposal.

2. Present a research proposal.
 How to Write a Research Paper?
The term "research" refers to a systematic
investigation procedure used to add to or update
existing knowledge through the discovery of new
facts. It canbe divided into two general categories:
[1] Basic research, which is inquiry aimed at increasing scientific knowledge;
and
[2] Applied research, which is an effort aimed at using basic research for
solving problems or developing new processes, products, or techniques.
 Research is similar to studying except that it requires a research activity to find the answers to the
problem.Depending on the topic, the format of a research proposal will differ, although most proposals will
include at least one of the sections listed below:
• Title
• Introduction
• Statement of the problem/Research objectives
• Theoretical/Conceptual Framework
• Hypotheses
• Theoretical/ Conceptual Framework
• Definition of Terms
• Significance of the study
• Scope and limitation
• Review of related studies and literature
• Research design and methodology
• Results and conclusion
• Recommendations and Bibliography
A research proposal
describes
WHAT you will
investigate,
WHY it’s important, and
HOW you will do the
research.
Research title summarizes the main idea or ideas
of the study. A good title
contains the fewest possible words that
adequately describe the contents
and/or purpose of your research paper. It should
be limited to 15 words or fewer.
• Why does Research Title Matter?
The title of the research is the portion of the paper that is read the most, and
generally the first part of the paper to be read. Thus, it is the most essential aspect
in defining the research study's overall structure.Imagine that you are researching
the topic “meditation and nursing”, and you want to find out if any studies have
shown that meditation makes nurses here in Palawan better adjust to the covid-19
situation. You conduct a keyword search using the keywords “nursing”, “covid-19”,
and “meditation.” You come up with results that have the following titles:

• Benefits of Meditation for the Nursing Profession

• Why Meditating Nurses Make the Best Health Providers?
• Meditations of Covid-19 Warriors
• Nurses on the Move: How Meditation Can Improve Nurse Performance here in
Palawan this covid-19 pandemic.
All of these describe similar studies and could be a title for the same study.
Each title gives different impressions, but the last one contains a
characteristic of a good research title.
• Title 1, describes the topic and the method of the study but is not
particularly catchy.
• Title 2, partly describes the topic, but does not give any information about
the method of the study—it could simply be a theoretical or opinion piece.
• Title 3, is somewhat catchier but gives almost no information at all about
the article.
• Title 4, begins with a catchy main title and is followed by a subtitle that
gives information about the content and method of the study.
Characteristics of a Good Research Title
According to rhetoric scholars Hairston and Keene, making a
good title for a paper involves ensuring that the title of the
research accomplishes four goals as mentioned below:
1. It should predict the content of the research paper.
2. It should be interesting to the reader.
3. It should reflect the tone of the writing.
4. It should contain important keywords that will make it
easier to be located during a keyword search.
Example of Research Title:
Meditation Makes Nurses Perform Better: A Study of
Mindfulness Meditation Among Palawan Nursing Students
Source Credit: https://www.enago.com/academy/write-
irresistible-research-paper-title/
• The content of the introduction includes the background of
the study, the statement about the research problem or the
gap, objectives and hypothesis, the theoretical and
conceptual framework, the definition of terms, the scope
and limitation, and the significance of the study that will be
discussed in the next lesson.
Contents of Introduction

• Background of the Study. The study's background establishes the

nature of the problem and its origins are discussed. It is in this section
that you will discuss the circumstances that led to your study. The
background explains how you came across the problem you chose to
work on and what you did to solve it.
• Research Problem is an area of conflict, concern, or controversy (a
gap between what is wanted and what is observed). The research
problem can be also the research title of the study. The research
problem is the basis of research activities, it guides the hypothesis,
work plan, interpretation of findings, and conclusion.
• Having a research problem will enable you to generate research
questions from general to specific that will direct you to the exact
ideas that your study will focus on.
Express the research problem either in an interrogative or
declarative manner, but some research books say that the former
is more effective than the latter (Babbie, 2013; Punch, 2014;
Walliman, 2014).
• Interrogative Statement: What percentage of the schools in
Puerto Princesa considers online class as the most effective way
to help students learn in the Covid-19 pandemic situation?
• Declarative Statement: The main objective of this study is to find
out the percentage of schools in Puerto Princesa City considering
the use of online classes as the most effective way to learn in the
Covid-19 pandemic situation.
Research objectives are brief statements of what the researcher is
attempting to accomplish via his or her research. In it, a researcher describes
the accomplishments he or she hopes to achieve via the project and gives
guidance for the investigation. A research aim must be attainable, which
means that it must be defined in light of available time, research
infrastructure requirements, and other resources, among other
considerations.

For example:
General objective: To describe the effectiveness of online classes in the
school in Puerto Princesa City during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Specific objective: To determine the percentage of effectiveness of online
class among the schools in Puerto Princesa City during the COVID-19
pandemic.
Tips in Formulating Research Objectives
✓ Use simple language.
✓ Focus attention on the specific actions that will be
performed.
✓ State exactly what will be done and what variables will be
measured.
✓ Write objectives in behavioral terms like to determine, to
describe, tocompare…and the like.
Hypothesis is the statement of assumption or prediction that is described as a
possible workable solution based on the information that has been obtained. If it
is based on real information, experiences, and observations, it is considered an
informed guess, a preliminary response to the research question or problem that
will be tested by doing the actual experimentation.A hypothesis is based on the
objectives of the study. It is therefore used as a guide in doing the experimental
design. It may be stated in any of the following forms:
a. The Null Statement – is a negative statement that indicates the absence of
a relationship or no significant difference between the independent
variables and dependent variables.
b. The Alternative Statement- also called the research hypothesis which
indicates the presence of a significant relationship or difference between
independent variables and dependent variables.
Example:
• Research Title: The Effectiveness of Meditation to Nurses’ Performance in
Puerto Princesa City amidst of Covid-19 pandemic.
• Main Objective: To determine the effectiveness of meditation on nurses’
performance in Puerto Princesa City amidst of Covid-19 pandemic.
• Null hypothesis – There is no significant relationship between the
meditation and performances of nurses in Puerto Princesa City amidst the
COVID-19 pandemic.
• Alternative hypothesis- There is a significant relationship between the
meditation and performances of nurses in Puerto Princesa City amidst the
COVID-19 pandemic.
How to Write Hypothesis?

➢ Written in understandable language

➢ Focus on the variables
➢ One must keep in mind the distinction between independent
and dependent variables
ACTIVITY 1
Directions: Identify and write the part of the Research Proposal being describedin
each of the given definitions inside the box. Choose your answer from the wordpool.
 ACTIVITY 2
Direction: Read the paragraph below and answer the questions that follow.
1. 35 mammal species are recorded in five lowland forest sites in the Pagdanan Range and Dumaran
Island, Palawan, Philippines during the BP Expedition‘Katala Quest’. Five of the recorded are listed as
globally threatened by IUCN (2008). Lowland forests in the Pagdanan Range and on Dumaran Island
harbor diverse mammal communities, equal or even exceeding those of already protected areas in the
province. The data gathered are suitable for the identification of areas for biodiversity conservation in
the two general locations. One direct outcome of the ‘Katala Quest’ was the legal protection of the
largest remaining forest patch of Dumaran Island under a municipal ordinance.
a. What is the possible Research Title? ______________________
b. What is the problem situation all
about?___________________________________________________________________________
c. What are the possible research objectives, write at least one.
General objective: _______________________________________________________.
Specific objective: _______________________________________________________
d. What is your null hypothesis?
_____________________________________________________________________________
Parts of Research Proposal
Lesson 2: Theoretical & Conceptual Framework, Operational Definition of Terms,
Significance of the Study, and Scope and Delimitation of the Study

Theoretical framework presents a theory that explains why a

problem under the study exists (Mercado, 1994 as cited) and
explains the connection between certain factors and the
problem. A starting point in developing a theory is to review
related literature. Not all research studies need a theoretical
framework, only studies that intend to examine the
relationship between or among variables
(David, 2004).
Significance of the Study
It determines who will benefit from the study and how that specific
audience will benefit from its findings. The significance of the study could be simply
reflected by the following two questions: (1) Why should my study be published?, and
(2) What is the significant scientific contribution of my study to
my field of research? Importantly, the significance of the study should also be
written with a non-expert in mind (Cueva, 2020).
If you have two (2) beneficiaries, you can just write it in one or two
paragraphs. Or you may enumerate the beneficiaries who will benefit from your
study when there is more to write. Follow the format below:
1st paragraph- (Why is it important to conduct the study)
2nd paragraph- main beneficiary (organization)
3rd paragraph- secondary beneficiary
4th paragraph- importance to the proponents/ researchers
5th paragraph- importance to the future researchers
Examples:
1. This investigation is conducted to determine
the level of performance in teaching Science as
perceived by the Science class teachers and
students in the province of Palawan during the
school year 2017-2018.
2. The study is to describe the academic
performance in the utilization of smartphone
application in teaching Chemistry in Grade Seven
within the period of the fourth quarter, the school
year 2019-2020.
Directions: Create a poem explaining the importance of the parts of a research proposal. Be guided with the
rubrics provided below. (Minimum of 3 stanzas.)
Write it on your Learning Activity Sheet.