Annex V to ED Decision 2020/008/R

‘AMC and GM to Part-MET — Issue 1, Amendment 1’

Annex V to Decision 2017/001/R is amended as follows:

The text of the amendment is arranged to show deleted text, new or amended text as shown below:
(a) deleted text is struck through;
(b) new or amended text is highlighted in blue;
(c) an ellipsis […] indicates that the rest of the text is unchanged.

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 AMC and GM to Part-MET
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GM1 MET.OR.100 Meteorological data and information

DATA AND INFORMATION RELIABILITY
Owing to the variability of meteorological elements in space and time, to limitations of observing
techniques and to limitations caused by the definitions of some of the elements, the specific value of
any of the elements given in a forecast is understood to be the most probable value which the element
is likely to assume during the period of the forecast. Similarly, when the time of occurrence or change
of an element is given in a forecast, this time is understood to be the most probable time.
Owing to the variability of meteorological elements in space and time, to limitations of observing
techniques, and to limitations caused by the definitions of some of the elements, the specific value of
any of the elements given in a meteorological report or in a forecast is understood to be the best
approximation to the actual conditions at the time of observation or the most probable value that the
element is likely to assume during the period of the forecast, respectively. Similarly, when the time of
occurrence or change of an element is given in a forecast, this time is understood to be the most
probable time.

AMC1 MET.OR.100(a) Meteorological data and information

INFORMATION TO BE PROVIDED
[...]
(a) the provision in air traffic services units of displays related to integrated semi-automatic
observing systems or automatic observing systems;
[...]

GM1 MET.OR.105(b) Retention of meteorological information

GENERAL
The competent authority determines who may be provided with meteorological information about
inquiries and investigations concerning aviation.

GM1 MET.OR.110 Meteorological information exchange

requirements
GENERAL
Operational meteorological information is disseminated to international OPMET databanks and the
centres for the operation of the aeronautical fixed service satellite distribution systems internet-based
services.

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GM2 MET.OR.110 Meteorological information exchange

requirements
OPMET DATABANK
The list of relevant meteorological exchange requirements for OPMET can be found in theTABLE MET
II-1, TABLE MET II-2, TABLE MET II-3, and TABLE MET II-EUR-1 of Volume II of FASID tables in ICAO Doc
7754 (‘EUROPEAN (EUR) AIR NAVIGATION PLAN’ANP).

GM1 MET.OR.120 Notification of discrepancies to the world area

forecast centres (WAFCs)
REPORTING — SIGNIFICANT DISCREPANCIES
Guidance on reporting significant discrepancies is provided in the ICAO Doc 8896 ‘Manual of
Aeronautical Meteorological Practice’ (ICAO Doc 8896) as last amended.

GM1 MET.OR.200(a)(2) Meteorological reports and other

information
LOCAL SPECIAL REPORTS
By agreement between the aeronautical meteorological station and the appropriate ATS unit, local
special reports may notare not required to be disseminated in respect of:
[...]

AMC2 MET.OR.200(a)(3) Meteorological reports and other

information
METAR INTERVALS — NON-SCHEDULED INTERNATIONAL CAT
For aerodromes not serving scheduled international commercial air transport operations, the
dissemination of hourly METAR and SPECI, as well as the criteria to provide SPECI, should be agreed
between the competent authority and the meteorological services provider.

GM1 MET.OR.200(a)(3) Meteorological reports and other

information
METAR INTERVALS — NON-SCHEDULED INTERNATIONAL CAT

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(a) For aerodromes not serving scheduled international commercial air transport operations, an
aeronautical meteorological station may disseminate hourly METAR.
(b) Such dissemination, as well as the criteria to provide SPECI, should be agreed between the
competent authority and the meteorological services provider.

AMC1 MET.OR.210 Observing meteorological elements

DISPLAY
Where automated equipment forms part of an integrated semi-automatic observing system or
automatic observing system, displays of data which are made available to the local ATS units should
be a subset of and displayed parallel to those available in the aeronautical meteorological stations or
meteorological offices. In those displays, each meteorological element should be annotated to
identify, as appropriate, the locations for which the element is representative.

AMC2 MET.OR.210 Observing meteorological elements

CLIMATOLOGICAL INFORMATIONPROCESSING OF METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS
[...]

GM2 MET.OR.215(c) Forecasts and other information

TAF CONTINUOUS REVIEW GUIDANCE
Guidance on methods to keep Terminal Aerodrome Forecasts (TAF) under continuous review is given
in Chapter 3 of the Manual of Aeronautical Meteorological Practice (ICAO Doc 8896) ‘Manual of
Aeronautical Meteorological Practice’ as last amended.

GM1 MET.OR.220(a) Aerodrome forecasts

DISSEMINATION OF TAF
TAF and amendments thereto are disseminated to international OPMET databanks and the centres
designated for the operation of the aeronautical fixed service satellite distribution systemsinternet-
based services.

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AMC1 MET.OR.235(bc) Aerodrome warnings and wind shear

warnings and alerts
WIND SHEAR FOLLOW-UP
Wind shear alerts should be updated at least every minute. They should be cancelled as soon as the
headwind/tailwind change falls below 15 kt (7.5 m/s).

GM1 MET.OR.235(dc) Aerodrome warnings and wind shear

warnings and alerts
WIND SHEAR ALERTS
Wind shear alerts are expected to complement wind shear warnings and together are intended to
enhance situational awareness of wind shear.

GM21 MET.OR.235(d) Aerodrome warnings and wind shear

warnings and alerts
CANCELLATION OF WARNINGS
The criteria for the cancellation of a wind shear warnings are defined locally for each aerodrome, as
agreed between the aerodrome meteorological office, the appropriate ATS units and the operators
concerned.

GM1 MET.OR.240(a)(2) Information for use by operator or flight

crew
GENERAL
For aerodromes not serving scheduled international commercial air transport operations within
European Union:
(a) an aeronautical meteorological station may disseminate METAR on an hourly basis, as well as
SPECI, as necessary; and
(b) such information should be made available and may include TREND.

AMC1 MET.OR.250(a) SIGMET messages

FIR AND CTA

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Meteorological watch offices whose area of responsibility encompasses more than one FIR and/or
CTA should provide separate SIGMET messages for each FIR and/or CTA.

AMC2 MET.OR.250(a) SIGMET messages

DIGITAL FORMAT
In addition to the issuance of SIGMET information in abbreviated plain language, SIGMET information
should be issued in a digital format.

GM1 MET.OR.250(a) SIGMET messages

DISSEMINATION
(a) SIGMET messages are disseminated to meteorological watch offices and WAFCs and to other
meteorological offices. SIGMET messages for volcanic ash are also disseminated to VAACs.
(b) SIGMET messages are disseminated to international OPMET databanks and the centres
designated for the operation of the aeronautical fixed service satellite distribution
systemsinternet-based services.

AMC1 MET.OR.250(c) SIGMET messages

SOURCE
SIGMET messages concerning volcanic ash clouds and tropical cyclones should be based on advisory
information provided by VAACs and Ttropical Ccyclone Aadvisory Ccentres (TCACs), respectively.

AMC1 MET.OR.255(a) AIRMET messages

DIGITAL FORMAT
In addition to the issuance of AIRMET information in abbreviated plain language, AIRMET information
should be issued in a digital format.

GM1 MET.OR.255(a) AIRMET messages

DISSEMINATION

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(a) AIRMET messages are disseminated to meteorological watch offices in adjacent flight
information regions and to other meteorological watch offices or aerodrome meteorological
offices, as agreed by the competent authorities concerned.
(b) AIRMET messages are transmitted to international operational meteorological databanks and
the centres for the operation of the aeronautical fixed service internet-based services.

GM1 MET.OR.265(a) Volcanic ash advisory centres (VAACs)

responsibilities
DISTRIBUTION OF METEOROLOGICAL DATA
The AFTNAFS address to be used by the VAACs is given in the ICAO Doc 9766 ‘Handbook on the
International Airways Volcano Watch (IAVW)’ (ICAO Doc 9766) which is available on the ICAO
IAVWOPSG website.

AMC1 MET.TR.200(a) Meteorological reports and other information

TEMPLATE FOR LOCAL ROUTINE REPORTS AND LOCAL SPECIAL REPORTS
Local routine reports and local special reports should be issued in abbreviated plain language, in
accordance with the below template.
Template for local routine report (MET REPORT) and local special (SPECIAL) reports (SPECIAL)
Key:
M = inclusion mandatory, part of every message;
C = inclusion conditional, dependent on meteorological conditions;
O = inclusion optional.
Detailed
Element Template(s) Examples
content
Identification Type of report MET REPORT or SPECIAL MET REPORT
of the type of SPECIAL
report (M)
Location ICAO location nnnn YUDO
indicator (M) indicator (M)
Time of the Day and actual nnnnnnZ 221630Z
observation time of the
(M) observation in
UTC
Identification Automated AUTO AUTO
of an report
automated identifier (C)
report (C)
Surface wind Name of the WIND WIND 240/4MPS
(M) element (M) (WIND 240/8KT)
Runway (O) RWY nn[L] or RWY nn[C] or RWY nn[R]
Runway TDZ WIND RWY 18 TDZ
section (O) 190/6MPS
Wind direction nnn/ VRB BTN nnn/ C (WIND RWY 18 TDZ
(M) AND nnn/ A 190/12KT)

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Detailed
Element Template(s) Examples
content
or VRB L
M WIND VRB1MPS
WIND CALM
(WIND VRB2KT)
Wind speed [ABV]n[n][n]MPS (or [ABV]n[n]KT) WIND VRB BTN 350/
(M) AND 050/1MPS
Significant MAX[ABV]nn[n] MNMn[n] (WIND VRB BTN 350/
speed AND 050/2KT)
variations (C)
Significant VRB BTN nnn/ —
directional AND nnn/
variations (C)
Runway MID WIND 270/ABV49MPS
section (O) (WIND 270/ABV99KT)
Wind direction nnn/ VRB BTN nnn/ C
(O) AND nnn/ A WIND 120/3MPS
or VRB L MAX9 MNM2
Wind speed [ABV]n[n][n]MPS (or [ABV]n[n]KT) M (WIND 120/6KT
(O) MAX18 MNM4)
Significant MAX[ABV]nn[n] MNMn[n] WIND 020/5MPS VRB
speed BTN 350/ AND 070/
variations (C) (WIND 020/10KT VRB
Significant VRB BTN nnn/ — BTN 350/ AND 070/)
directional AND nnn/
variations (C) WIND RWY 14R MID
Runway END 140/6MPS
section (O) (WIND RWY 14R MID
140/12KT)
Wind direction nnn/ VRB BTN nnn/ C WIND RWY 27 TDZ
(O) AND nnn/ A 240/8MPS
or VRB L MAX14 MNM5 END
Wind speed [ABV]n[n][n]MPS (or [ABV]n[n]KT) M 250/7MPS
(O) (WIND RWY 27 TDZ
Significant MAX[ABV]nn[n] MNMn[n] 240/16KT
speed MAX28 MNM10 END
variations (C) 250/14KT)
Significant VRB BTN nnn/ —
directional AND nnn/
variations (C)
Visibility (M) Name of the VIS C VIS 350M
element (M) A CAVOK
Runway (O) RWY nn[L] or RWY nn[C] or RWY nn[R] V VIS 7KM
Runway TDZ O VIS 10KM
section (O) K VIS RWY 09 TDZ 800M
Visibility (M) n[n][n][n]M or n[n]KM END 1200M
Runway MID VIS RWY 18C TDZ 6KM
section (O) RWY 27 TDZ 4000M
Visibility (O) n[n][n][n]M or n[n]KM
Runway END
section (O)
Visibility (O) n[n][n][n]M or n[n]KM
Runway visual Name of the RVR RVR RWY 32 400M
range (C) element (M) RVR RWY 20 1600M
Runway (C) RWY nn[L] or RWY nn[C] or RWY nn[R]

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Detailed
Element Template(s) Examples
content
Runway TDZ RVR RWY 10L BLW
section (C) 50M
Runway visual [ABV or BLW] nn[n][n]M RVR RWY 14 ABV
range (M) 2000M
Runway MID RVR RWY 10 BLW
section (C) 150M
Runway visual [ABV or BLW] nn[n][n]M RVR RWY 12 ABV
range (C) 1200M
Runway END RVR RWY 12 TDZ
section (C) 1100M MID ABV
Runway visual [ABV or BLW] nn[n][n]M 1400M
range (C) RVR RWY 16 TDZ
600M MID 500M END
400M
RVR RWY 26 500M
RWY 20 800M
Present Intensity of FBL or —
weather (C) present MOD or
weather (C) HVY
Characteristics DZ or RA or FG or BR or MOD RA
and type of SN or SG or SA or DU or HVY TSRA
present PL or DS or HZ or FU or HVY DZ
weather (C) SS or FZDZ or VA or SQ or FBL SN
FZUP or FC or PO or TS or HZ
FZRA or SHGR or BCFG or BLDU FG
SHGS or SHRA or or BLSA or VA
SHSN or SHUP or BLSN or DRDU MIFG
TSGR or TSGS or or DRSA or
TSRA or TSSN or DRSN or FZFG HVY TSRASN
TSUP12 or UP or MIFG or FBL SNRA
PRFG or
// FBL DZ FG
HVY SHSN BLSN

HVY TSUP

//
Cloud (M) Name of the CLD CLD NSC
element (M) CLD SCT 300M OVC
Runway (O) RWY nn[L] or RWY nn[C] or RWY nn[R] 600M
Cloud amount FEW or OBSC NSC or NCD (CLD SCT 1000FT OVC
(M) or SCT or 2000FT)
vertical BKN or
visibility (O) OVC or CLD OBSC VER VIS
/// 150M
Cloud type (C) CB or TCU — (CLD OBSC VER VIS
or /// 500FT)
Height of n[n][n][n] [VER VIS CLD BKN TCU 270M
cloud base or M n[n][n]M(o (CLD BKN TCU 900FT)
the value of (or r VER VIS CLD RWY 08R BKN
vertical n[n][n][n] n[n][n][n]F 60M RWY 26 BKN 90M
visibility (C) FT) T)] (CLD RWY 08R BKN
or or 200FT RWY 26 BKN
///M 300FT)

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Detailed
Element Template(s) Examples
content
(or VER VIS CLD /// CB ///M (CLD
///FT) ///M /// CB ///FT)
(or VER VIS CLD /// CB 400M (CLD
///FT) /// CB 1200FT)
CLD NCD
Air Name of the T T17
temperature element (M) TMS08
(M) Air [MS]nn
temperature
(M)
Dew-point Name of the DP DP15
temperature element (M) DPMS18
(M) Dew-point [MS]nn
temperature
(M)
Pressure Name of the QNH QNH 0995HPA
values (M) element (M) QNH 1009HPA
QNH (M) nnnnHPA
Name of the QFE QNH 1022HPA QFE
element (O) 1001HPA
QFE (O) [RWY nn[L] or RWY nn[C] or RWY nn[R]] QNH 0987HPA QFE
nnnnHPA RWY 18 0956HPA
[RWY nn[L] or RWY nn[C] or RWY nn[R] RWY 24 0955HPA
nnnnHPA]
Supplementary Significant CB or TS or MOD TURB or SEV TURB or WS or FC IN APCH
information (C) meteorological GR or SEV SQL or MOD ICE or SEV ICE or FZDZ WS IN APCH 60M-
phenomena or FZRA or SEV MTW or SS or DS or BLSN or FC WIND 360/13MPS
(C) WS RWY 12
Location of the IN APCH [n[n][n][n]M-WIND nnn/n[n]MPS] or
phenomena IN CLIMB-OUT [n[n][n][n]M-WIND REFZRA
(C) nnn/n[n]MPS] CB IN CLIMB-OUT
(IN APCH [n[n][n][n]FT-WIND nnn/n[n]KT] or RETSRA
IN CLIMB-OUT [n[n][n][n]FT-WIND
nnn/n[n]KT]) or
RWY nn[L] or RWY nn[C] or RWY nn[R]
Recent RERASN or REFZDZ or REFZRA or REDZ or
weather (C) RE[SH]RA or RE[SH]SN or RESG or RESHGR or
RESHGS or REBLSN or RESS or REDS or RETSRA
or RETSSN or RETSGR or RETSGS or REFC or
REPL or REUP or REFZUP or RETSUP or RESHUP
or REVA or RETS
Trend forecast Name of the TREND TREND NOSIG
(O) element (M) TREND BECMG FEW
Change NOSIG BECMG or TEMPO 600M
indicator (M) (TREND BECMG FEW
Period of FMnnnn and/or TLnnnn or 2000FT)
change (C) ATnnnn
Wind (C) nnn/[ABV]n[n][n]MPS TREND TEMPO 250/18
[MAX[ABV]nn[n]] MPS MAX25
(or nnn/[ABV]n[n]KT (TREND TEMPO
[MAX[ABV]nn]) 250/36KT MAX50)
Visibility (C) VIS n[n][n][n]M or C
VIS n[n]KM A

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Detailed
Element Template(s) Examples
content
Weather FBL or — NSW V TREND BECMG AT1800
phenomenon: MOD or O VIS 10KM NSW
intensity (C) HVY K TREND BECMG TL1700
Weather DZ or FG or VIS 800M FG
phenomenon: RA or BR or TREND BECMG
characteristics SN or SA or FM1030 TL1130
and SG or DU or CAVOK
type (C) PL or HZ or TREND TEMPO TL1200
DS or FU or VIS 600M BECMG
SS or VA or AT1230 VIS 8KM NSW
FZDZ or SQ Or CLD NSC
FZRA or PO or TREND TEMPO
SHGR or FC or FM0300 TL0430 MOD
SHGS or TS or FZRA
SHRA or BCFG or TREND BECMG
SHSN or BLDU FM1900 VIS 500M HVY
TSGR or or BLSA SNRA
TSGS or or BLSN TREND BECMG
TSRA or or FM1100 MOD SN
TSSN DRDU TEMPO
or FM1130 BLSN
DRSA
or TREND BECMG AT1130
DRSN CLD OVC 300M
or FZFG (TREND BECMG
or AT1130 CLD OVC
MIFG 1000FT)
or PRFG
Name of the CLD TREND TEMPO TL1530
element (C) HVY SHRA CLD BKN CB
Cloud amount FEW or OBSC NSC 360M
and vertical SCT or BKN (TREND TEMPO
visibility (C) or OVC TL1530 HVY SHRA CLD
Cloud type (C) CB or TCU — BKN CB 1200FT)
Height of n[n][n][n] [VER
cloud base or M (or VIS
the value of n[n][n][n]F n[n][n]
vertical T) M (or
visibility (C) VER VIS
n[n][n][
n]FT)]

GM1 MET.TR.200(a) Meteorological reports and other information

RANGES AND RESOLUTIONS — LOCAL ROUTINE REPORTS AND LOCAL SPECIAL REPORTS
(a) The ranges and resolutions for the numerical elements included in local routine reports and
local special reports are shown below.

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Ranges and resolutions for the numerical elements included in local routine reports and local special
reports
Element eElements included in local routine
Range Resolution
reports and local special reports
Runway: (no units) 01–36 1
Wind direction: °true 010–360 10
Wind speed: 1– 99*1–99* 1
MPS
KT 1– 199*1–199* 1
Visibility: 0– 7500–750 50
M
800– 4 900800–4 900 100
M
5– 95–9 1
KM
10– 0 (fixed value: 10 KM)
KM
Runway visual range: M 0– 3750–375 25
400–750 50
M
800–2 000 100
M
Vertical visibility: M 0–75** 15
90–600 30
M
0–250** 50
FT
300–2 000 100
FT
Clouds: height of cloud base: M 0–75** 15
90–3 0002 970 30
M
0–250** 50
FT
300–10 0009 900 100
FT
10 000-20 000 1 000
FT
Air temperature; °C –80 – +60–80–+60 1
Dew-point temperature:
QNH; QFE: 0500–1 100 1
hPa
* There is no aeronautical requirement to report surface wind speeds of 100 kt (50 m/s) or more; however,
provision has been made for reporting wind speeds up to 199 kt (99 m/s) for non-aeronautical purposes, as
necessary.
** Under circumstances as specified in AMC1 MET.TR.205(e)(13); otherwise a resolution of 100 ft (30 m) is to
be used.
(b) The explanations for the abbreviations can be found in the ICAO Doc 8400 ‘Procedures for Air
Navigation Services — ICAO Abbreviations and Codes (PANS-ABC)’, ICAO Doc 8400).

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AMC1 MET.TR.200(a)(4) Meteorological reports and other

information
AUTOMATED REPORTING
Local routine reports and local special reports and METAR from automatic observing systems should
be identified with the word ‘AUTO’.

GM1 MET.TR.200(a)(4) Meteorological reports and other

information
AUTOMATED REPORTING
METAR, local routine reports and local special reports from automatic observing systems may be used
as agreed between the aeronautical meteorological stations and the users.

AMC1 MET.TR.200(a)(12) Meteorological reports and other

information
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION — SEMI-AUTOMATIC OBSERVING SYSTEM
(a) In local routine reports and local special reports and in METAR when reported by a semi-
automatic observing system, the following recent weather phenomena should be reported, up
to a maximum of three groups, in the supplementary information:
[...]
(b) In local routine reports and local special reports when reported by a semi-automatic observing
system, the following significant meteorological conditions, or combinations thereof, should be
reported in the supplementary information:
[...]

AMC2 MET.TR.200(a)(12) Meteorological reports and other

information
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION — AUTOMATIC OBSERVING SYSTEM
In local routine reports and local special reports and in METAR reported by an automatic observing
system, the following recent weather phenomena should be reported, up to a maximum of three
groups, in the supplementary information:
[...]

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AMC3 MET.TR.200(a)(12) Meteorological reports and other

information
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION — WIND SHEAR
Information on wind shear should be included as supplementary information in local routine reports
and local special reports and in METAR, where local circumstances so warrant.

AMC4 MET.TR.200(a)(12) Meteorological reports and other

information
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION — SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE AND STATE OF THE SEA AND OF
THE RUNWAY
In METAR, information on sea-surface temperature and the state of the sea or the significant wave
height, from aeronautical meteorological stations established on offshore structures in support of
helicopter operations, should be included in the supplementary information.

GM21 to AMC13 MET.TR.200(a)(12) Meteorological reports and

other information
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION — LOCAL CIRCUMSTANCES
Local circumstances include but are not necessarily limited to wind shear of non-transitory nature
such as might be associated with low-level temperature inversions or local topography.

GM1 MET.TR.200(b) Meteorological reports and other information

EXAMPLE OF LOCAL SPECIAL REPORT
Local special report:
SPECIAL YUDO 151115Z WIND 050/25KT MAX37 MNM10 VIS 1200M RVR RWY 05 ABV 1800M HVY TSRA CLD
BKN CB 500FT T25 DP22 QNH 1018HPA1008HPA TREND TEMPO TL1200 VIS 600M BECMG AT1200 VIS 8KM NSW
NSC
Meaning:
Special report for Donlon/International* issued on the 15th of the month at 11.15 UTC; surface wind direction
050 degrees; wind speed 25 knots gusting between 10 and 37 knots; visibility 1 200 metres along the runway;
Runway visual range above 1 800 metres at the threshold on runway 05; thunderstorm with heavy rain; broken
cumulonimbus cloud at 500 feet; air temperature 25 degrees Celsius; dew-point temperature 22 degrees
Celsius; QNH 1 008 hectopascals; TREND during next 2 hours; visibility along the runway temporarily 600 metres

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from 1 1.15 to 1 2.00 11.15 to 12.00, becoming at 12.00 UTC visibility along the runway 8 kilometres,
thunderstorm ceases and nil significant weather and nil significant cloud.
* Fictitious location

[…]

AMC1 MET.TR.200(c)(2) Meteorological reports and other

information
METAR — DIGITAL FORM
METAR should be disseminated in a digital form.

GM1 MET.TR.200(e)(5) Meteorological reports and other

information
NOISE ABATEMENT PROCEDURES
Noise abatement procedures are those in accordance with 7.2.6 of the ICAO Doc 4444 ‘Procedures for
Air Navigation Services (PANS-ATM)’ (ICAO Doc 4444) as last amended.

GM1 MET.TR.205(a)(3)(iii)(A) Reporting of meteorological elements

NOISE ABATEMENT PROCEDURES
Noise abatement procedures are those in accordance with 7.2.6 of the ICAO Doc 4444 ‘Procedures for
Air Navigation Services (PANS-ATM)’ (ICAO Doc 4444).

AMC21 MET.TR.205(b)(1) Reporting of meteorological elements

VISIBILITY
In METAR, visibility should be reported as prevailing visibility. When the visibility is not the same in
different directions and:
(a) when the lowest visibility is different from the prevailing visibility, and (1) less than 1 500 m or
(2) less than 50 % of the prevailing visibility, and less than 5 000 m, the lowest visibility observed
should also be reported and, when possible, its general direction in relation to the aerodrome
reference point indicated by reference to one of the eight points of the compass;
[...]

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AMC1 MET.TR.205(d) Reporting of meteorological elements

PRESENT WEATHER PHENOMENA — AUTOMATIC OBSERVING SYSTEM
In local routine reports and local special reports and in METAR reported by an automatic observing
system, the following types of present weather phenomena should be reported, using their respective
abbreviations and relevant criteria, as appropriate:
(a) Precipitation:
(1) drizzle (DZ);
(2) rain (RA);
(3) snow (SN); and
(4) Unidentified precipitation (UP)
(b) Obscurations (hydrometeors);
(c)(1) Fog (FG): reported when visibility is less than 1 000 m;
(d)(2) Mist (BR): reported when visibility is at least 1 000 m, but not more than 5 000 m;
(e)(c) Obscurations (lithometeors). Haze (HZ) should be used when the obscuration consists
predominantly of lithometeors and the visibility is 5 000 m or less; and
(f)(d) Temporary failure of system/sensor: the present weather should be replaced by ‘//’ when it
cannot be observed due to a temporary failure of the system/sensor.

AMC2 MET.TR.205(d) Reporting of meteorological elements

PRESENT WEATHER PHENOMENA — SEMI-AUTOMATIC OBSERVING SYSTEM
In local routine reports and local special reports and in METAR reported by a semi-automatic observing
system, the following types of present weather phenomena should be reported, using their respective
abbreviations and relevant criteria, as appropriate:
(...)

AMC3 MET.TR.205(d) Reporting of meteorological elements

PRESENT WEATHER PHENOMENA — UNIDENTIFIED PRECIPITATION (UP)
In automated local routine reports and local special reports and in METAR, in addition to drizzle (DZ),
rain (RA) and snow (SN), the abbreviation ‘UP’ should be used for unidentified precipitation when the
type of precipitation cannot be identified by the automatic observing system.

AMC1 MET.TR.205(d)(3) Reporting of meteorological elements

PRESENT WEATHER PHENOMENA — ADDITIONAL CHARACTERISTICS

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(a) In local routine reports and local special reports and in METAR, only when reported by a semi-
automatic observing system, the following characteristics of present weather phenomena, as
necessary, should be reported using their respective abbreviations and relevant criteria, as
appropriate:
(a)(1) Shower (SH): used to report showers. Showers observed in the vicinity of the aerodrome
should be reported as ‘VCSH’ without qualification regarding type or intensity of
precipitation.
(b)(2) Blowing (BL): used with types of present weather phenomena raised by the wind to a
height of 6 ft (2 m) or more above the ground.
(c)(3) Low drifting (DR): used with types of present weather phenomena raised by the wind to
less than 6 ft (2 m) above ground level.
(d)(4) Shallow (MI): less than 6 ft (2 m) above ground level.
(e)(5) Patches (BC): fog patches randomly covering the aerodrome.
(f)(6) Partial (PR): a substantial part of the aerodrome covered by fog while the remainder is
clear.
(b) In automated local routine reports, local special reports and in METAR, when showers (SH)
referred to above cannot be determined based upon a method that takes account of the
presence of convective cloud, the precipitation should not be characterised by ‘SH’.

AMC2 MET.TR.205(d)(3) Reporting of meteorological elements

PRESENT WEATHER PHENOMENA — INTENSITY
In local routine reports and local special reports and in METAR, the relevant intensity or, as
appropriate, the proximity to the aerodrome of the reported present weather phenomena should be
indicated as follows:
[...]

GM1 MET.TR.205(d)(3)(i) Reporting of meteorological elements

PRESENT WEATHER PHENOMENA — TS LIGHTNING DETECTION EQUIPMENT
(a) At aerodromes with human observers, lightning detection equipment may supplement human
observations.
(b) For aerodromes with automatic observing systems, guidance on the use of lightning detection
equipment intended for thunderstorm reporting is given in the ICAO Doc 9837 ‘Manual on
Automatic Meteorological Observing Systems at Aerodromes’ (ICAO Doc 9837).

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AMC1 MET.TR.205(e)(1) Reporting of meteorological elements

CLOUD — HEIGHT OF CLOUD BASE
In local routine reports and local special reports and in METAR:
[...]

AMC1 MET.TR.210(a) Observing meteorological elements

SURFACE WIND
(a) When local routine reports and local special reports are used for departing or arriving aircraft,
the surface wind observations for these reports should be representative of conditions along
the runway or the touchdown zone respectively.
[...]

AMC1 MET.TR.210(a)(1) Observing meteorological elements

SURFACE WIND — SITING
[...]
(c) Sensors for surface wind observations for local routine reports and local special reports should
be sited to give the best practicable indication of conditions along the runway and touchdown
zones.
[...]

AMC1 MET.TR.210(a)(3) Observing meteorological elements

SURFACE WIND — AVERAGING
The averaging period for measuring variations from the mean wind speed (gusts) reported in
accordance with MET.TR.205(a)(3)(iii) should be 3 seconds for local routine reports, local special
reports, METAR, and for wind displays used for depicting variations from the mean wind speed (gusts)
in ATS units.

AMC1 MET.TR.210(b)(1) Observing meteorological elements

VISIBILITY — GENERAL
[...]
(c) When local routine reports and local special reports are used for departing aircraft, the visibility
observations for these reports should be representative of the conditions along the runway.

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(d) When local routine reports and local special reports are used for arriving aircraft, the visibility
observations for these reports should be representative of the touchdown zone of the runway.
[...]

GM1 MET.TR.210(c) Observing meteorological elements

RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE (RVR) — ASSESSMENT
A detailed understanding of the assessment of RVR is described in ICAO Doc 9328 ‘Manual on ‘RVR —
Observing and reporting practices’.

AMC1 MET.TR.210(c)(2) Observing meteorological elements

RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE (RVR) — RUNWAY LIGHT INTENSITY
(a) Instrumented systems should consider the runway light intensity.
(b) When instrumented systems are used for the assessment of RVR, computations should be made
separately for each available runway.
(c) For local routine report and local special reports, the light intensity to be used for the
computation should be:
(1) for a runway with the lights switched on and a light intensity of more than 3 % of the
maximum light intensity available, the light intensity actually in use on that runway;
(2) for a runway with the lights switched on and a light intensity of 3 % or less of the
maximum light intensity available, the optimum light intensity that would be appropriate
for operational use in the prevailing conditions; and
(3) for a runway with lights switched off (or at the lowest setting pending the resumption of
operations), the optimum light intensity that would be appropriate for operational use in
the prevailing conditions.
(e)(d) In METAR, the RVR should be based on the maximum light intensity available on the runway.

GM1 MET.TR.210(c)(2) Observing meteorological elements

RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE (RVR) — USE OF INSTRUMENTED SYSTEMS
[...]
(c) Guidance on the use of transmissometers and forward-scatter meters in instrumented Runway
Visual Range systems is given in the ICAO Doc 9328 ‘Manual of Runway Visual Range Observing
and Reporting Practices’(ICAO Doc 9328).

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AMC1 MET.TR.210(d)(1) Observing meteorological elements

PRESENT WEATHER — GENERAL
(a) For local routine reports and local special reports, the present weather information should be
representative of the conditions at the aerodrome.
[...]

AMC1 MET.TR.210(e) Observing meteorological elements

CLOUDS — GENERAL
(a) Cloud observations for local routine reports and local special reports should be representative
of the runway threshold(s) in use.
[...]

AMC1 MET.TR.210(e)(2) Observing meteorological elements

CLOUDS — SITING
[...]
(b) For local routine reports and local special reports, in the case of aerodromes with precision
approach runways, sensors for cloud amount and height of cloud base should be sited to give
the best practicable indications of the cloud amount and height of cloud base at the threshold
of the runway in use. For that purpose, a sensor should be installed at a distance of less than
4 000 ft (1 200 m) before the landing threshold.

AMC1 MET.TR.210(f) Observing meteorological elements

AIR TEMPERATURE AND DEW-POINT TEMPERATURE
Observations of air temperature and dew-point temperature for local routine reports and local special
reports and for METAR should be representative of the whole runway complex.

AMC3 MET.TR.215(a) Forecasts and other information

AUTOMATED PRE-FLIGHT INFORMATION SYSTEMS
[...]
(c) use access and interrogation procedures based on abbreviated plain language and, as
appropriate, ICAO location indicators, and aeronautical meteorological code data-type
designators prescribed by WMO, or based on a menu-driven user interface, or other

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appropriate mechanisms as agreed between the meteorological services providerauthority and

the operators concerned; and
[...]

GM1 to AMC3 MET.TR.215(a) Forecasts and other information

AUTOMATED PRE-FLIGHT INFORMATION SYSTEMS
(a) ICAO abbreviations and codes and location indicators are given respectively in the ICAO Doc
8400 'Procedures for Air Navigation Services — ICAO Abbreviations and Codes (PANS-ABC)’,
ICAO Doc 8400) and ICAO Doc 7910 'Location Indicators (ICAO Doc 7910)’.
(b) Aeronautical meteorological code data-type designators are given in the WMO Publication No
386, 'Manual on the Global Telecommunication System’.

AMC1 MET.TR.215(e) Forecasts and other information

FLIGHT DOCUMENTATION
(a) Where the forecasts are supplied in chart form, flight documentation for low-level flights,
including those in accordance with the visual flight rules, operating up to flight level 100 or up
to flight level 150 in mountainous areas or higher, where necessary, should contain the
following as appropriate to the flight:
(1) information from relevant SIGMET and AIRMET messages;
[...]

AMC1 MET.TR.215(f) Forecasts and other information

CHARTS
Charts included in flight documentation should have a high standard of clarity and legibility and should
have the following physical characteristics:
(a) For convenience, the largest size of charts should be about 42 × 30 cm (standard A3 size) and
the smallest size should be about 21 × 30 cm (standard A4 size). The choice between these sizes
should depend on the route lengths and the amount of detail that needs to be given in the
charts as agreed between the aerodrome meteorological officeauthorities and the users
concerned;
[...]

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GM1 MET.TR.215(g) Forecasts and other information

CONCATENATED ROUTE-SPECIFIC FORECASTS IN CHART FORM
(a) The flight documentation Charts related to concatenated route-specific upper wind and upper-
air temperature forecasts should be provided as agreed between the meteorological service
provider and the operator concerned.
(b) Guidance on the design, formulation and use of concatenated charts is given in the ICAO Doc
8896 'Manual of Aeronautical Meteorological Practice’ (ICAO Doc 8896) as last amended.

GM2 MET.TR.215(i) Forecasts and other information

CLIMATOLOGICAL SUMMARIES — MODELS
Models of climatological summaries related to (a) to (e) of AMC6 MET.TR.215(i) are given in the WMO
Publication No 49, Technical Regulations, Volume II, Part III – ‘AERONAUTICAL CLIMATOLOGY’C.3.2.

GM1 MET.TR.220 Aerodrome forecasts

EXAMPLE OF TAF — EXAMPLES

TAF for YUDO (Donlon/International)*:

TAF YUDO 152300Z 1600/1706 13010KT 9000 BKN025 BECMG 1606/1608 BKN014CB BKN020
TEMPO 1608/1612 17015G25KT 1000 TSRA BKN009CB BKN020 FM161230 15008KT 9999 BKN020
Meaning of the forecast:
TAF for Donlon/International* issued on the 15th of the month at 23.00 UTC valid from 00.00 UTC
to 06.00 UTC on the 17th of the month; surface wind direction 130 degrees; wind speed 10 knots;
visibility 9 kilometres, broken cloud at 2 500 feet; becoming between 06.00 UTC and 08.00 UTC
on the 16th of the month, broken cumulonimbus cloud at 1 400 feet and broken cloud at
2 000 feet; temporarily between 08.00 UTC and 12.00 UTC on the 16th of the month surface wind
direction 170 degrees; wind speed 15 knots gusting to 25 knots; visibility 1 000 metres in a
thunderstorm with moderate rain, broken cumulonimbus cloud at 900 feet and broken cloud at
2 000 feet; from 12.30 UTC on the 16th of the month, surface wind direction 150 degrees; wind
speed 8 knots; visibility 10 kilometres or more; and broken cloud at 2 000 feet.
* Fictitious location

TAF for YUDO (Donlon/International)*:

TAF YUDO 151800Z 1600/1618 13005MPS 9000 BKN020 BECMG 1606/1608 SCT015CB BKN020 TEMPO
1608/1612 17006G12MPS 1000 TSRA SCT010CB BKN020 FM161230 15004MPS 9999 BKN020
Meaning of the forecast:
TAF for Donlon/International* issued on the 15th of the month at 1800 UTC valid from 0000 UTC to 1800 UTC
on the 16th of the month; surface wind direction 130 degrees; wind speed 5 knots; visibility 9 kilometres,
broken cloud at 2 000 feet; becoming between 0600 UTC and 0800 UTC on the 16th of the month, broken

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cloud at 800 feet; temporarily between 0800 UTC and 1200 UTC on the 16th of the month surface wind
direction 170 degrees; wind speed 15 knots gusting to 25 knots; visibility 1 000 metres in a thunderstorm with
moderate rain, scattered cumulonimbus cloud at 300 metres and broken cloud at 2 000 feet; from 1230 UTC
on the 16th of the month, surface wind direction 150 degrees; wind speed 4 knots; visibility 10 kilometres or
more; and broken cloud at 2 000 feet.
* Fictitious location

GM2 MET.TR.220 Aerodrome forecasts

EXAMPLE OF CANCELLATION OF TAF — EXAMPLE OF CANCELLATION

Cancellation of TAF for YUDO (Donlon/International)*:

TAF AMD YUDO 161915Z 1618/1703 CNL
Meaning of the forecast:
Amended TAF for Donlon/International* issued on the 16th of the month at 19.00 UTC cancelling
the previously issued TAF valid from 180.0 UTC on the 16th of the month to 03.00 UTC on the 17th
of the month.
* Fictitious location

Cancellation of TAF for YUDO (Donlon/International)*:

TAF AMD YUDO 161500Z 1600/1618 CNL
Meaning of the forecast:
Amended TAF for Donlon/International* issued on the 16th of the month at 1500 UTC cancelling the
previously issued TAF valid from 0000 UTC to 1800 UTC on the 16th of the month.
* Fictitious location

GM3 MET.TR.220 Aerodrome forecasts

ACCURACY OF TAF — ACCURACY
[...]
Element to be forecast Operationally desirable Minimum percentage of
accuracy of forecasts cases within range
TAF
Wind direction ± 20° 80 % of cases
Wind speed ± 2.5 m/s (5 kt) 80 % of cases
Visibility ± 200 m up to 800 m 80 % of cases
± 30 % between 800 m and 10 km
Precipitation Occurrence or non-occurrence 80 % of cases
Cloud amount One category below 450 m (1 500 ft) 70 % of cases
Occurrence or non-occurrence of BKN or OVC
between 450 m (1 500 ft) and 3 000 m (10 000 ft)
Cloud height ± 30 m (100 ft) up to 300 m (1 000 ft) 70 % of cases

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± 30 % betweenabove 300 m (1 000 ft) and

3 000 m (10 000 ft)
Air temperature ± 1°C 70 % of cases

AMC1 MET.TR.220(b) Aerodrome forecasts

TAF — DIGITAL FORM
TAF should be disseminated in a digital form.

GM1 MET.TR.220(b) Aerodrome forecasts

TAF — DIGITAL FORM
When TAF is disseminated in a digital form, this is in addition to the TAF code form.

AMC1 MET.TR.220(c) Aerodrome forecasts

PERIOD OF VALIDITY
(a) The periods of validity for an up to 9-hour TAF should commence at 00, 03, 06, 09, 12, 15, 18
and 21 UTC and for a 24- and a 30-hour TAF at 00, 06, 12 and 18 UTC or 03, 09, 15, and 21 UTC.
(b) The 24- and 30-hour TAF periods of validity should be determined based on the types of
operations, as agreed between the aerodrome meteorological office and the operators
concerned.
At aerodromes with limited hours of operation, the beginning of the period of validity of a TAF
should commence at least 1 hour prior to the aerodrome resuming operations, or more as
agreed between the aerodrome meteorological office and the operators concerned, to meet
planning requirements for flights that arrive at the aerodromes as soon as it is opened for use.
(c) A Rroutine TAF valid for up to 9 hours should be issued every 3 hours, and those valid for 24 or
30 hours should be issued every 6 hours.
(d) At aerodromes with limited hours of operation, the beginning of the period of validity of a TAF
should commence at least 1 hour prior to the aerodrome resuming operations, or more as
agreed between the aerodrome meteorological office and the operators concerned, to meet
planning requirements for flights that arrive at the aerodromes as soon as it is opened for use.

GM1 MET.TR.220(d) Aerodrome forecasts

TAF — DIGITAL FORMFORMAT OF TAF

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Guidance on the information exchange model, XML/GML and the metadata profile is provided in the
Manual on the Digital Exchange of Aeronautical Meteorological Information (ICAO Doc 10003).
(a) When a TAF is disseminated in digital form, this is in addition to the TAF code form.
(b) Guidance on the information exchange model, GML, and metadata profile is provided in ICAO
Doc 10003 ‘Manual on the ICAO Meteorological Information Exchange Model’.

GM1 MET.TR.225(c)(2)(iii) Forecasts for landing

VISIBILITY
In TREND forecasts appended to local routine reports and local special reports, visibility refers to the
forecast visibility along the runway(s).

AMC1 MET.TR.235 Aerodrome warnings and wind shear warnings

and alerts
AERODROME WARNINGS — FORMAT
[...]
Template for aerodrome warnings
Key:
M = inclusion mandatory, part of every message;
C = inclusion conditional, included whenever applicable.
[...]

GM1 MET.TR.235 Aerodrome warnings and wind shear warnings

and alerts
RANGES AND RESOLUTIONS — AERODROME WARNINGS
[...]
(b) The explanations for the abbreviations can be found in the ICAO Doc 8400 ‘Procedures for Air
Navigation Services — ICAO Abbreviations and Codes (PANS-ABC)’, ICAO Doc 8400).
[...]

AMC21 MET.TR.235(a) Aerodrome warnings and wind shear

warnings and alerts
FORMAT OF AERODROME WARNINGS - FORMAT

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GM1 MET.TR.235 Aerodrome warnings and wind shear warnings

and alerts
RANGES AND RESOLUTIONS — AERODROME WARNINGS
[...]

Ranges and resolutions for the numerical elements included in volcanic ash and tropical cyclone advisory
messages, SIGMET, /AIRMET, messages and aerodrome warning and wind shear warnings
[...]

GM1 MET.TR.235(ca) Aerodrome warnings and wind shear

warnings and alerts
WIND SHEAR TYPES
Following reported encounters by both arriving and departing aircraft, two different wind shear
warnings may exist: one for arriving aircraft and one for departing aircraft.

GM2 MET.TR.235(ca) Aerodrome warnings and wind shear

warnings and alerts
REPORTING THE INTENSITY OF WIND SHEAR
Specifications for reporting the intensity of wind shear are still under development. It is recognised,
however, that pilots, when reporting wind shear, may use the qualifying terms ‘moderate’, ‘strong’ or
‘severe’, based to a large extent on their subjective assessment of the intensity of the wind shear
encountered.

GM31 MET.TR.235(c) Aerodrome warnings and wind shear

warnings and alerts
DETECTION OF WIND SHEAR

AMC1 MET.TR.250(a) SIGMET messages

FORMAT

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SIGMET, when issued in graphical format, should be as specified below:

(a) SIGMET FOR TROPICAL CYCLONE — MODEL STC

(b) SIGMET FOR VOLCANIC ASH — MODEL SVA

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(c) SIGMET FOR PHENOMENA OTHER THAN TROPICAL CYCLONE AND VOLCANIC ASH —
MODEL SGE

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AMC12 MET.TR.250(a) SIGMET messages

AIRSPACE
In cases where the airspace is divided into a flight information region (FIR) and an upper-flight
information region (UIR), the SIGMET message should be identified by the location indicator of the
ATS unit serving the FIR.

GM1 MET.TR.250(a) SIGMET messages

FLIGHT INFORMATION REGION
The SIGMET message applies to the whole airspace within the lateral limits of the FIR, i.e. to the FIR
and to the UIR. The particular areas and/or flight levels affected by the meteorological phenomena
causing the issuance of the SIGMET message are given in the text of the message.

GM2 MET.TR.250(a) SIGMET messages

EXAMPLE OF SIGMET MESSAGES, AND THE CORRESPONDING CANCELLATIONS

SIGMET Cancellation of SIGMET

YUDD SIGMET 2 VALID 101200/101600 YUSO – YUDD SIGMET 3 VALID 101345/101600 YUSO –
YUDD SHANLON FIR/UIR OBSC TS FCST S OF N54 YUDD SHANLON FIR/UIR CNL SIGMET 2
AND E OF W012 TOP FL390 MOV E WKN FCST 101200/101600
1600Z S OF N54 AND E OF W010

SIGMET
YUDD SIGMET T02 VALID 101200/101600 YUSO–
YUDD SHANLON FIR/UIR OBSC TS FCST S OF N54 AND E OF W012 TOP FL390 MOV E 20 KT
WKN

Cancellation of SIGMET
YUDD SIGMET T03 VALID 101345/101600 YUSO–
YUDD SHANLON FIR/UIR CNL SIGMET T02 101200/101600

GM3 MET.TR.250(a) SIGMET messages

EXAMPLE OF SIGMET MESSAGE FOR TROPICAL CYCLONE
YUCC SIGMET CO3 VALID 251600/252200 YUDO —

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YUCC AMSWELL FIR TC GLORIA PSN N2706 W07306 CB OBS AT 1600Z N2706 W07306 CB TOP FL500 WI
150NM250NM OF TC CENTRE TOP FL500MOV NW 10KT NC FCST AT 2200Z TC CENTRE PSN N2740 W07345
Meaning:
The third tropical cyclone SIGMET message issued for the AMSWELL* flight information region (identified by
YUCC Amswell area control centre) by the Donlon/International* meteorological watch office (YUDO) since
00.01 UTC; the messageSIGMET is valid from 16.00 UTC to 22.00 UTC on the 25th of the month; tropical cyclone
Gloria at 27 degrees 6 minutes north and 73 degrees 6 minutes west; cumulonimbus was observed at 16.00
UTC within 250 nautical miles of the centre of the tropical cyclone with top at flight level 500; no changes in
intensity are expected; at 22.00 UTC, the centre of the tropical cyclone is forecast to be located at 27 degrees
40 minutes north and 73 degrees 45 minutes west.was observed at 1600 UTC at 27 degrees 6 minutes north
and 73 degrees 6 minutes west with cumulonimbus top at flight level 500 within 150 nautical miles of the
centre; the tropical cyclone is expected to move northwestwards at 10 knots and not to undergo any changes
in intensity; the forecast position of the centre of the tropical cyclone at 2200 UTC is expected to be at 27
degrees 40 minutes north and 73 degrees 45 minutes west.
* Fictitious locations

GM4 MET.TR.250(a) SIGMET messages

EXAMPLE OF SIGMET MESSAGE FOR VOLCANIC ASH

YUDD SIGMET AO2 VALID 101200/101800 YUSO–

YUDD SHANLON FIR VA ERUPTION MT ASHVAL PSN N4315 E02115 VA CLD OBS AT 1200Z WI
N4315 E02115 - N4345 E02145 – N4330 E02215 – N4245 E02230 - N4230 E02145 - N4315
E02115 FL250/370 WKN FCST AT 1800Z NO VA EXP=

Meaning:
The second volcanic ash SIGMET issued for the SHANLON* flight information region (identified
by YUDD Shanlon area control centre/upper flight information region) by the
Shanlon/International* meteorological watch office (YUSO) since 00.01 UTC; the SIGMET is valid
from 12.00 UTC to 18.00 UTC on the 10th of the month; volcanic ash eruption of Mount Ashval*
located at 43 degrees 15 minutes north and 21 degrees 15 minutes east; volcanic ash cloud
observed at 12.00 UTC within an area bounded by 43 degrees 15 minutes north and 21 degrees
15 minutes east to 43 degrees 30 minutes north and 22 degrees 15 minutes east to 42 degrees
45 minutes north and 22 degrees 30 minutes east to 42 degrees 30 minutes north and
21 degrees 45 minutes east to 43 degrees 15 minutes north and 21 degrees 15 minutes east
between flight levels 250 and 370, weakening, and forecast at 18.00 UTC to have dissipated with
no volcanic ash expected.
* Fictitious locations

YUDD SIGMET 2 VALID 211100/211700 YUSO –

YUDD SHANLON FIR/UIR VA ERUPTION MT ASHVAL PSN S1500 E07348 VA CLD OBS AT 1100Z
APRX 220KM BY 35KM S1500 E07348 — S1530 E07642 FL310/450 MOV SE 35KT FCST 1700Z VA CLD
APRX S1506 E07500 — S1518 E08112 — S1712 E08330 — S1824 E07836

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Meaning:
The second SIGMET message issued for the SHANLON* flight information region (identified by YUDD Shanlon
area control centre/upper flight information region) by the Shanlon/International* meteorological watch office
(YUSO) since 0001 UTC; the message is valid from 1100 UTC to 1700 UTC on the 21st of the month; volcanic ash
eruption of Mount Ashval* located at 15 degrees south and 73 degrees 48 minutes east; volcanic ash cloud
observed at 1100 UTC in an approximate area of 220 km by 35 km between 15 degrees south and 73 degrees
48 minutes east, and 15 degrees 30 minutes south and 76 degrees 42 minutes east; between flight levels 310
and 450, the volcanic ash cloud is expected to move south-eastwards at 35 knots; at 1700 UTC the volcanic ash
cloud is forecast to be located approximately in an area bounded by the following points: 15 degrees 6 minutes
south and 75 degrees east, 15 degrees 18 minutes south and 81 degrees 12 minutes east, 17 degrees
12 minutes south and 83 degrees 30 minutes east, and 18 degrees 24 minutes south and 78 degrees 36 minutes
east.
* Fictitious locations

GM5 MET.TR.250(a) SIGMET messages

EXAMPLE OF SIGMET MESSAGE FOR RADIOACTIVE CLOUD
YUCC SIGMET RO2 VALID 201200/201600 YUDO —
YUCC AMSWELL FIR RDOACT CLD OBS AT 1155Z WI S5000 W14000 — S5000 W13800 — S5200 W13800 —
S5200 W14000 — S5000 W14000 SFC/FL100 STNR WKN FCST AT 1600Z WI S5200 W14000 — S5200 W13800
— S5300 W14000 — S5200 W14000
Meaning:
The second radioactive cloud SIGMET message issued for the AMSWELL* flight information region (identified
by YUCC Amswell area control centre) by the Donlon/International* meteorological watch office (YUDO) since
00.01 UTC; the messageSIGMET is valid from 12.00 UTC to 16.00 UTC on the 20th of the month; radioactive
cloud was observed at 11.55 UTC within an area bounded by 50 degrees 0 minutes south and 140 degrees
0 minutes west to 50 degrees 0 minutes south and 138 degrees 0 minutes west to 52 degrees 0 minutes south
and 138 degrees 0 minutes west to 52 degrees 0 minutes south and 140 degrees 0 minutes west to 50 degrees
0 minutes south and 140 degrees 0 minutes west and between the surface and flight level 100; the radioactive
cloud is expected to remain stationary and to weaken in intensity; at 16.00 UTC, the radioactive cloud is
forecast to be located within an area bounded by 52 degrees 0 minutes south 140 degrees 0 minutes west to
52 degrees 0 minutes south 138 degrees 0 minutes west to 53 degrees 0 minutes south 138 degrees 0 minutes
west to 53 degrees 0 minutes south 140 degrees 0 minutes west to 52 degrees 0 minutes south 140 degrees 0
minutes west.
* Fictitious locations

GM6 MET.TR.250(a) SIGMET messages

EXAMPLE OF SIGMET MESSAGE FOR SEVERE TURBULENCE
YUCC SIGMET U05 VALID 221215/221600 YUDO —YUDO—
YUCC AMSWELL FIR SEV TURB OBS AT 1210Z N2020 W07005 FL250 MOV E 20KT WKN FCST 1600Z S OF N2020 E
OF W06950
Meaning:

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The fifth severe turbulence SIGMET message issued for the AMSWELL* flight information region (identified by
YUCC Amswell area control centre) by the Donlon/International* meteorological watch office (YUDO) since
00.01 UTC; the messageSIGMET is valid from 12.15 UTC to 16.00 UTC on the 22nd of the month; severe
turbulence was observed at 12.10 UTC 20 degrees 20 minutes north and 70 degrees 5 minutes west at flight
level 250; the turbulence is expected to move eastwards at 20 knots and to weakenstrengthen in intensity;
forecast position at 16.00 UTC, the severe turbulence is forecast to be located south of 20 degrees 20 minutes
north and east of 69 degrees 50 minutes west.
* Fictitious locations

AMC1 MET.TR.250(c) SIGMET messages

SEQUENCE NUMBER
(a) The three-character sequence number should be constructed using a single letter identifying
the phenomenon, followed by two numeric characters corresponding to the number of SIGMET
issued for that phenomenon for the specified flight information region since 00.01 UTC on the
day concerned.
(b) The letters to be used as the first character for the SIGMET sequence number to indicate the
specified en-route weather phenomena which may affect the safety of aircraft operationsfor
which the SIGMET has been issued should be:
[...]

AMC2 MET.TR.250(c) SIGMET messages

SEQUENCE NUMBER
The three-character number to be used in the sequence number should correspond to the number of
SIGMET messages, dependent on the phenomena as indicated by the first character, issued for the
flight information region since 0001 UTC on the day concerned.

AMC1 MET.TR.250(d) SIGMET messages

CRITERIA RELATED TO PHENOMENA
Sandstorm/dust storm should be considered:
(a) heavy whenever the visibility is below 200 m and the sky is obscured; and
(b) moderate whenever the visibility is:
(1) below 200 m and the sky is not obscured; or
(2) between 200 and 600 m.

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GM1 MET.TR.250(d) SIGMET messages

CRITERIA RELATED TO PHENOMENA
[...]

AMC1 MET.TR.250(f) SIGMET messages

FORM
SIGMET messages should be disseminated in a digital form, in addition to the abbreviated plain
language.

GM1 MET.TR.250(f)(1) SIGMET messages

SIGMET — DIGITAL FORM
(a) When SIGMET is disseminated in digital form, this is in addition to the SIGMET code form.
(b) Guidance on the information exchange model, GML, and the metadata profile is provided in
theICAO Doc 10003 ‘Manual on the Digital Exchange of AeronauticalICAO Meteorological
Information Exchange Model’ (ICAO Doc 10003).

AMC1 MET.TR.250(g) SIGMET

FORMAT
SIGMET, when issued in graphical format, should be as specified below:
(a) SIGMET FOR TROPICAL CYCLONE — MODEL STC

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(b) SIGMET FOR VOLCANIC ASH — MODEL SVA

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(c) SIGMET FOR PHENOMENA OTHER THAN TROPICAL CYCLONE AND VOLCANIC ASH —
MODEL SGE

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GM1 MET.TR.255(a) AIRMET messages

EXAMPLE OF AIRMET MESSAGE FOR MODERATE MOUNTAIN WAVE
YUCC AIRMET 2 VALID 221215/221600 YUDO —
YUCC AMSWELL FIR MOD MTW OBS AT 1205Z N48 E010 FL080 STNR NC
Meaning:
The second AIRMET message issued for the AMSWELL* flight information region (identified by YUCC Amswell
area control centre) by the Donlon/International* meteorological watch office (YUDO) since 00.01 UTC; the
messageAIRMET is valid from 12.15 UTC to 16.00 UTC on the 22nd of the month; moderate mountain wave was
observed at 12.05 UTC at 48 degrees north and 10 degrees east at flight level 080; the mountain wave is
expected to remain stationary and not to undergo any changes in intensity.
* Fictitious locations

GM2 MET.TR.255(a) AIRMET messages

EXAMPLE OF AIRMET MESSAGES, AND THE CORRESPONDING CANCELLATIONS

AIRMET Cancellation of AIRMET

YUDD AIRMET 1 VALID 151520/151800 YUDD AIRMET 2 VALID 151650/151800 YUSO –
YUSO – YUDD SHANLON FIR ISOL TS OBS YUDD SHANLON FIR CNL AIRMET 1
N OF S50 TOP ABV FL100 STNR WKN 151520/151800

AIRMET
YUDD AIRMET 1 VALID 151520/151800 YUSO–
YUDD SHANLON FIR ISOL TS OBS N OF S50 TOP ABV FL100 STNR WKN

Cancellation of AIRMET
YUDD AIRMET 2 VALID 151650/151800 YUSO–
YUDD SHANLON FIR CNL AIRMET 1 151520/151800

GM1 MET.TR.255(b) AIRMET messages

FIR
[...]

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GM1 MET.TR.255(c) AIRMET messages

CRITERIA RELATED TO PHENOMENA
[...]

AMC1 MET.TR.255(d) AIRMET messages

CRITERIA RELATED TO PHENOMENA
[...]

GM1 MET.TR.255(e) AIRMET

AIRMET — DIGITAL FORM
(a) When AIRMET is disseminated in digital form, this is in addition to the AIRMET code form.
(b) Guidance on the information exchange model, GML, and metadata profile is provided in ICAO
Doc 10003 ‘Manual on the ICAO Meteorological Information Exchange Model’.

AMC1 MET.TR.260 Area forecasts for low-level flights

AMENDMENT OF LOW-LEVEL FORECASTS
(...)
(c) The graphical part of an SIGWX chart should depict the weather situation at the beginning of
the validity period. Significant changes of initial weather parameters should be depicted
together with time intervals determining the duration of expected changes.

GM1 MET.TR.265(a) Volcanic ash advisory centres (VAACs)

responsibilities
EXAMPLES OF ADVISORY MESSAGE FOR VOLCANIC ASH
VA ADVISORY
DTG: 20160614/0925Z
VAAC: LONDON

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VOLCANO: HEKLA 372070

PSN: N6359 W01942
AREA: ICELAND
SUMMIT ELEV: 1491M
ADVISORY NR: 2016/002
INFO SOURCE: ICELAND MET OFFICE
AVIATION COLOUR CODE: RED
ERUPTION DETAILS: ERUPTION STARTED AT 0600Z ONGOING, PLUME TO 14KM
OBS VA DTG: 14/0900Z
OBS VA CLD: SFC/FL200 N6421 W02030 - N6421 W01900 - N6315 W01856 –
N6303 W02025 - N6421 W02030 FL200/350 N6423 7W02021 - N6423
W01854 - N6309 W01856 - N6309 W02022 - N6423 W02021 FL350/550
N6422 W02023 - N6422 W01856 - N6304 W01854 - N6306 W02023 - N6422 W02023
FCST VA CLD +6HR: 14/1500Z SFC/FL200 N6423 W01822 - N6138 W01826 - N6135
W02205 - N6423 W02213 - N6423 W01822 FL200/350 N6425 W01814 - N6051
W01825 - N6050 W02348 - N6424 W02055 - N6425 W01814 FL350/550 N6419
W01737 - N6109 W01753 - N6116 W02234 - N6423 W02108 - N6419 W01737
FCST VA CLD +12HR: 14/2100Z SFC/FL200 N6449 W02121 - N6441 W01717 - N5921
W01659 - N5922 W02419 - N6449 W02121 FL200/350 N6441 W02002 - N6227
W01556 - N5831 W01927 - N5833 W02629 - N6441 W02002 FL350/550 N6448
W01941 - N6117 W01507 - N5846 W02024 - N5910 W02520 - N6448 W01941
FCST VA CLD +18HR: 15/0300Z SFC/FL200 N6554 W02018 - N6053 W01348 - N5542
W02046 - N5606 W02724 - N6554 W02018 FL200/350 N6446 W01949 - N6039
W01415 - N5535 W02019 - N5538 W02851 - N6446 W01949 FL350/550 N6500
W01928 - N5918 W01407 - N5516 W02235 - N5927 W02532 - N6500 W01928
RMK: T+0 CONFIDENCE HIGH, PLUME HEIGHT OBTAINED BY MOBILE RADAR
NXT ADVISORY: WILL BE ISSUED BY 20160614/1200Z

VA ADVISORY
DTG: 20171010/1200Z
VAAC: TOULOUSE
VOLCANO: CAMPI FLEGREI 211010
PSN: N4049 E01408
AREA: ITALY
SUMMIT ELEV: 458M
ADVISORY NR: 2017/03
INFO SOURCE: INGV
AVIATION COLOUR CODE: RED

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ERUPTION DETAILS: THE VOLCANO ACTIVITY CONTINUES

OBS VA DTG: 10/0600Z
OBS VA CLD: SFC/FL100 N4135 E01325 - N4155 E01410 - N4155 E01610 -
N4000 E01655 - N4005 E01335 - N4135 E01325 FL100/390 N4130 E01335 -
N4150 E01410 - N4115 E01645 - N3940 E01925 - N3715 E01800 - N3745
E01630 - N3910 E01500 - N4000 E01335 - N4130 E01335 MOV SE 20KT
FCST VA CLD +6HR: 10/1800Z SFC/FL100 N4150 E01255 - N4220 E01535 -
N4115 E01845 - N3940 E01955 - N3820 E01915 - N4000 E01235 - N4150
E01255 FL100/390 N4135 E01310 - N4120 E02050 - N3750 E02335 - N3520
E02215 - N3525 E01935 - N3840 E01640 - N3945 E01255 - N4135 E01310
FCST VA CLD +12HR: 11/0000Z SFC/FL100 N4150 E01210 - N4215 E01530 -
N4130 E01935 - N3925 E02200 - N3700 E02125 - N3830 E01650 - N3920
E01220 - N4150 E01210 FL100/390 N4130 E01310 - N4140 E02020 - N4030
E02400 - N3645 E02555 - N3455 E02350 - N3810 E01820 - N3935 E01255 -
N4130 E01310
FCST VA CLD +18HR: 11/0600Z SFC/FL100 N4125 E01255 - N4120 E01820 -
N4000 E02405 - N3530 E02430 - N3540 E02220 - N3725 E01845 - N3840
E01320 - N4115 E01255 - N4125 E01255 FL100/390 N4135 E01300 - N4145
E02010 - N4115 E02650 - N3900 E03105 - N3250 E02805 - N3720 E01830 -
N3845 E01340 - N4135 E01300
RMK: VA CLD EVIDENT ON SATELLITE IMAGERY
NXT ADVISORY: NO FURTHER ADVISORY

FVFE01 RJTD 230130

VA ADVISORY

DTG: 20080923/0130Z
VAAC: TOKYO
VOLCANO: KARYMSKY 1000-13
PSN: N5403 E15927
AREA: RUSSIA
SUMMIT ELEV: 1536M
ADVISORY NR: 2008/4
INFO SOURCE: MTSAT-1R KVERT KEMSD
AVIATION COLOUR CODE: RED
ERUPTION DETAILS: ERUPTION AT 20080923/0000Z FL300 REPORTED
OBS VA DTG: 23/0100Z
OBS VA CLD: FL250/300 N5400 E15930 — N5400 E16100 — N5300 E15945 MOV SE
20KT SFC/FL200 N5130 E16130 — N5130 E16230 — N5230 E16230 —
N5230 E16130 MOV SE 15KT
FCST VA CLD +6 HR: 23/0700Z FL250/350 N5130 E16030 — N5130 E16230 — N5330 E16230 —
N5330 E16030 SFC/FL180 N4830 E16330 — N4830 E16630 — N5130
E16630 — N5130 E16330

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FCST VA CLD +12 HR: 23/1300Z SFC/FL270 N4830 E16130 — N4830 E16600 — N5300 E16600 —
N5300 E16130
FCST VA CLD +18 HR: 23/1900Z NO VA EXP
RMK: LATEST REP FM KVERT (0120Z) INDICATES ERUPTION HAS CEASED. TWO
DISPERSING VA CLD ARE EVIDENT ON SATELLITE IMAGERY
NXT ADVISORY: 20080923/0730Z

GM1 MET.TR.265(b) Volcanic ash advisory centre responsibilities

VOLCANIC ASH ADVISORY — DIGITAL FORM
(a) When a volcanic ash advisory is disseminated in digital form, this is in addition to the volcanic
ash advisory code form.
(b) Guidance on the information exchange model, GML, and metadata profile is provided in ICAO
Doc 10003 ‘Manual on the ICAO Meteorological Information Exchange Model’.

GM1 MET.TR.265(b)(2) Volcanic ash advisory centres (VAACs)

responsibilities
BUFR CODE
The BUFR code form is contained in the WMO Publication No 306, Manual on Codes, Volume I.2,
Part B — Binary Codes.

AMC1 MET.TR.265(c) Volcanic ash advisory centre responsibilities

VOLCANIC ASH ADVISORY INFORMATION — GRAPHICAL FORMAT
The volcanic ash advisory information listed in Appendix 6 to Annex V (Part-MET) to
Regulation (EU) 2017/373, when prepared in graphical format, should be as specified below.

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Example of volcanic ash advisory in graphical format from the London VAAC.
Note: The example above is fictional.

Example of volcanic ash advisory in graphical format from the Toulouse VAAC.
Note: The example above is fictional.

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AMC1 MET.TR.270(b) Tropical cyclone advisory centres (TCACs)

responsibilities
FORMAT OF ADVISORY INFORMATION ON TROPICAL CYCLONES
The tropical cyclone advisory information listed in Table 8 of Appendix 1, when prepared in graphical
format, should be as specified below and should be issued using:
(a) the portable network graphics (PNG) format; or
(b) the BUFR code form, when exchanged in binary format.

GM1 MET.TR.270(b) Tropical cyclone advisory centres (TCACs)

responsibilities
EXAMPLE FOR ADVISORY FOR TROPICAL CYCLONES — EXAMPLE CODE FOR ADVISORY
INFORMATION ON TROPICAL CYCLONES
The BUFR code form is contained in the WMO Publication No 306, Manual on Codes, Volume I.2,
Part B — Binary Codes.

TC ADVISORY
DTG:20170214/0600z
TCAC:REUNION
TC:DINEO
NR:4

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PSN:S2220 E03849
MOV:SW 05KT
C:985HPA
MAX WIND:50KT
FCST PSN +06HR:14/1200Z S2236 E03831
FCST MAX WIND +06HR:55KT
FCST PSN +12HR:14/1800Z S2251 E03812
FCST MAX WIND +12HR:60KT
FCST PSN +18HR:15/0000Z S2304 E03748
FCST MAX WIND +18HR:70KT
FCST PSN +24HR:15/0600Z S2316 E03712
FCST MAX WIND +24HR:80KT
RMK:NIL
NXT MSG:20170214/1200Z

GM2 MET.TR.270(b) Tropical cyclone advisory centres (TCACs)

responsibilities
EXAMPLE FOR ADVISORY MESSAGE FOR TROPICAL CYCLONES
TC ADVISORY

DTG: 20040925/1600Z
TCAC: YUFO
TC: GLORIA
NR: 01
PSN: N2706 W07306
MOV: NW 12KT
C: 965HPA
MAX WIND: 73KT
FCST PSN +6 HR: 25/2200Z N2748 W07350
FCST MAX WIND +6 HR: 73KT
FCST PSN +12 HR: 26/0400Z N2830 W07430
FCST MAX WIND +12 HR: 73KT
FCST PSN +18 HR: 26/1000Z N2852 W07500
FCST MAX WIND +18 HR: 70KT
FCST PSN +24 HR: 26/1600Z N2912 W07530
FCST MAX WIND +24 HR: 60KT
RMK: NIL
NXT MSG: 20040925/2000Z

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GM1 MET.TR.270(c) Tropical cyclone advisory centre

responsibilities
TROPICAL CYCLONE ADVISORY — DIGITAL FORM
(a) When a tropical cyclone advisory is disseminated in digital form, this is in addition to the tropical
cyclone advisory code form.
(b) Guidance on the information exchange model, GML, and metadata profile is provided in ICAO
Doc 10003 ‘Manual on the ICAO Meteorological Information Exchange Model’.

AMC1 MET.TR.270(d) Tropical cyclone advisory centre

responsibilities
TROPICAL CYCLONE ADVISORY INFORMATION — GRAPHICAL FORMAT
The tropical cyclone advisory information listed in Appendix 7 to Annex V (Part-MET) to Regulation
(EU) 2017/373, when prepared in graphical format, should be as specified below.

Example of tropical cyclone advisory in graphical format from the La Réunion TCAC.
Note: The example above is based on a real event.

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