GED 108

The Vitruvian Man single handlely explain the

connection of human and universe. It is a symbol
power as it give us insights and depiction of how
meaningful our body is.
ART APPRECIATON
Explanation of slide 5:
TOPIC 1 WHY STUDY HUMANITIES?
• Humanities came from the word “Humanus”
which means human, cultured and
HUMANITIES AND THE ARTS refined.
• Humanities contains the records of man’s
quest for answers to the fundamental
The Vitruvian Man - 1490 questions.
• nude man by Leonardo da Vinci, • Humanities studies man and the manner in
• perfect proportion (geographical and which he conducts himself from the time of
mathematical ratio) his esistence to the present.
• standard ng correct measurement ng tao • includes man’s experiences, values,
sentiments, and ideas that hels for
Why Da Vinci created it? personal growth and development
• to represent the connection between man • naaasses nito kung ano ba talaga tayo at
and nature, through combining ideas from kung ano ang identity natin bilang tao
math and art • consists of academic disciples such as
literature, history, art and music, philosophy,
Terminologies: religious study. Connected ito in a way na for
• Micro – means small example, ang mga Pilipino ay magaling sa
• Macro – means big larangan ng pag awit dahil kultura na ng mga
• Rudimentary – basic tools Pilipino ang pagkakaroon ng singing contest
at videoke kapag may okasyon. Kumbaga
*Why we are here is also the reason why everything yung academic disciples ang nag eexplain
function on it’s own. For example, the word “one” is kung pano nangyari ang phenomena na
called “one” dahil yun ang gusto ng tao na itawag sa related sa humanity.
number na iyon.*
Explanation of slide 6
Message of “ Man is the measure of all things” HUMANITIES
- Protagoras (481-411) • Arts & Music
• Literature
This creature man has never ceased to amaze
• Religious Studies
philosophers, scholars, and scientists for over two
millennia. From the rudimentary tools of the Stone • History
Age man to the never-ending upgrades in software • Philosophy
technology thus leaving an indelible mark of his
legacy. ➢ Humanities is composed of academic
disciples that make it distinctive in both
- human existence is the most important here content and method from the physical and
in the universe biological sciences and from the social
- human hold the standard sciences. This study is devoted to
understanding the different phenomena
The message conveyed by the image within the human culture contexts.
• Divine connection between the human form
and the universe. Beloved for its beauty and Explanation of slide 7:
symbolic power. HUMANISM
• “Everything connects to everything else.” - associated with beliefs about freedom and
that human beings are capable of making
significant personal choices within the
Explanation of slide 4: constraints imposed by heredity, personal
history, and environment. For example,
 na-trauma na ang mga tao sa past • ART IS SUBJECTIVE: it employs the use of
government kaya iboboto nila ngayon ay perception, insights, feelings and intuition.
ibang kandidato na. • It is man's expression of himself as an
individual and how he views his existence.
Among the major principles underlying Humanism
• It is the heightened expression of human
are the following:
dignity and weakness felt and shared so
• Human nature is inherently good. powerfully in a world increasingly aware of its
• Individuals are free and are capable of success and failures.
making choices. • Art provides enjoyment and stimulation,
• Human potential for growth and particularly when people try to understand
development is virtually unlimited. them.
• Self-concept plays an important role in • Art provides people with an image of
growth and development. themselves to enable them to further
• Individuals have an urge for self- understand their nature and provide them
actualization. with a way to showcase their passions and
• Reality is defined by each person. desires, their potentials and their relationship
with other people.
• Individuals have a responsibility to both
themselves.
Functions of Art

• When art is compared to other human

TOPIC 2 activities, the uncultured will generally
regard it as impractical.
NATURE OF THE ARTS
For example: It is not meant to meet the requirements
of day to day living. To a lay person, deprived of a
Art formal education, a painting or sculpture have a very
• The word art etymologically comes from the little survival function.
Aryan root 'ar' which means 'to join' or put
• However, other form of arts like architecture,
together.'
weaving, and furniture-making serves
• The Latin term sars, artis, mean everything
functions that make man's life better thus they
that is artificially made or composed by man.
are classified as functional art forms.
• Art constitutes one of the oldest and most
important means of expression developed by
man. Non-Functional Art
• Art particularly refers to the skillful
arrangement or composition of some • Painting, sculpture, literature, music,
common but significant qualities of nature dance and theatre, though non-functional
such as sounds, colors, lines, movements, art, serve functions. The human need for
words, stone, and wood to express beauty and aesthetics transcends sensual
feelings, thoughts, imaginations, and dreams amusement and to the cultured elevates
in an amazing, meaningful and enjoyable way human expression, bringing it closer to the
(Adams, 2022). divine.
• Beethoven's Moonlight Sonata, for instance,
may not provide the person with that much-
HUMANITIES THROUGH THE ARTS needed nourishment but listening to it does
something to the human spirit, that gives
• Humanities through the arts deals with
hope and a realization of how amazing it is
man's internal world, his personality and
just to be alive.
experiences, matters that cannot directly
be measured, classified or controlled.
The Human Need for Expression - one of the ways we can talk to ourselves.
- This need to express, to show, to exhibit Chatting, discussions, conversations,
what is hidden in man's inner world. His monologues, debates are all different ways to
thoughts, emotions, imaginations, exercise words.
dreams, and aspirations are expressed in - However, dialogue opens up a particular
his art. space. Based on the sharing of ideas it
encourages a face-to-face which often
moves towards something else–discovering
The Social Need for Display Celebration and other ideas–inventing together. As long as
Communications each one takes into account what has been
- it is not enough for a man to express his inner said, dialogue advances constantly.
world through his art, he needs to share and - Research, understanding, clarification, and
convey it to others too. In this way, others verification, are all steps in a journey, the
may know, may empathize and may realize outcome of which is unpredictable. Above all
that people are interconnected. it offers an environment where everyone is
equally capable of truth and meaning which
The Physical Needs for Functional Objects helps break the logic "if I'm right, you are
- All art is man-made. In the effort to make necessarily wrong!"
human life better, objects are created (like the
wheel) which is also classified as art. All of • Plato explained that the physical world is a
technology is art. It is a careful combination
copy of a perfect, rational, eternal, and
of form and function. This is based on the
changeless original.
premise that if an object is to perform its
• The originals are called the forms. (Beauty,
function, its form (design) should also allow it
Justice, and even a circle).
to do so.
Using this as basis, Plato presented his two ideas of
the arts:
TOPIC 3
Art is Imitation
ART: AS VIEWED BY PHILOSOPHY - art is an imitation of physical things which
in turn are imitations of the forms. To put it
simply, art is a copy of a copy which leads
Aesthetics people farther from away the truth (or the
- the philosophical study of beauty and taste. forms). At best work of art is are great for
- concerned with the nature of art and used entertainment.
as basis for interpreting and evaluating
individual works of art. Art is Dangerous
- According to Plato, art has power to stir
PLATO (428-347 BCE) emotions.
- a philosopher of Ancient Greece
- known for Dialogues that includes his So the arts should not go uncensored.
equally famous teacher, Socrates.
- said to have love and hated arts at the same ARISTOTLE (384 - 322 BCE)
time. - a famous Philosopher of Ancient Greece
- student of Plato
Using his Dialogues as basis (e.g. The Republic), - first distinguished what is good and what is
Plato was seen as a good literary stylist and a great beautiful.
story teller. Endowed with these artistic abilities, he is
considered as threatening. GOOD - always present itself in some action
BEAUTY - may exist even in motionless objects or
Dialogue things
 on the manner in which people respond to
In certain conditions, however, the good may also these objects or things. In other words,
be considered as beautiful. beauty is a manner of taste.

Taste can be subjective and universal:

• According to Aristotle, universal elements
of beauty are manifested by order, symmetry • Subjective taste does not focus on the
and definiteness. properties of the object itself but rather on
• In his poetics, he stated that physical the pleasure one experiences as he
manifestation of beauty is likewise affected responds to it.
by its size.
• The arts aim was to give pleasure and in For example: when looking at a painting, what matters
giving pleasure, the arts presented itself as is not what the painting is all about or how it is
an activity. organized but rather on the emotions that the painting
• Aristotle considered the art as imitation or a is able to successfully arouse.
representation of nature.
• Universal taste is non-aesthetic and does
• In representing nature, arts show
not consider the beauty of the work or the
disposition, passion and action. mastery of the artist, but rather the artwork
• Poetry, Music, and Dance, according to is appreciated for what it is.
Aristotle, imitates some aspects of human
nature through rhythm, harmony, melody, For example: the painting Mona Lisa is admired
and vocal sound. Certain kind of music are because of its popularity and because it was created
successful in calming wild excitement and by Leonardo da Vinci.
that tragedies are effective in stirring up
emotions. • For Immanuel Kant, beauty is a question of
form, and the color is not important.
His emphasis was on poetry. He stated that poetry • Color is only used for decorative functions.
was more philosophic and serious than philosophy • What is important is the design and
itself. Poets, according to Aristotle, imitated three composition.
things:
2 kinds of aesthetic responses:
1. Things and events which have been or still
1. Beauty results in pleasure if there is order,
are.
harmony and symmetry and;
2. Things that are said to be seen and are
2. Beauty leads to a response of awe that
probable; and
overwhelms the viewers of the art
3. Things which essentially are.

Paintings and sculptures were seen by Aristotle as

representations/imitations of ideas, imagination, and TOPIC 4
reality.
ARTISTS AND ARTISANS
IMMANUEL KANT (1724-1804)

- German, Enlightenment Philosopher. Artists

- The Age of Enlightenment was preceded by - exhibits exceptional skills in the visual
and closely associated with the Scientific and/or the performing arts.
Revolution. One particularly influential - more sensitive, very perceptive and more
Enlightenment publication was the creative.
Encyclopédie (Encyclopedia). - they have the knack of interpreting ideas
- His main interest was not in art itself but into an artistic form using as their medium
on beauty. the words, pigments, clay, stone, musical
- Kant thought that beauty does not rest on the notes or any combination that may best
properties of the objects or things but rather represent his message.
 Artisans
- An artisan, on the other hand, is a person
who is in a skilled trade that involves making
things by hand.
- a craft worker who makes or creates
objects of great by just using his hands.
- His creations may be functional or
decorative like an earthen pot or “palayok”
for cooking or vase for decoration.

other examples: furniture, sculpture, glass figurines,

metalwork, clothing, jewelry, food items, and
handicrafts.

• Handmade products of skilled artisans

are priced more than commercial (factory-
made) products.
• Local artisans have created products that are
recognized and sought after around the
world, making the Philippines a nation of
highly skilled artisans.

• What an artist creates has been defined as

a formal expression of the considered TOPIC 5
human experience.
• This definition focuses attention on two THE ART FORMS
important components of the work, which are:
form and substance.
• Human expression through the arts may
• The artist then gives this experience
take several forms depending on the talent
(substance) form using a skillful
and creativity of the artist. Artistic skills and
composition of the media (paint, stone,
creativity may be for a particular art form
movements for example) selected.
like painting or dance or for two or more art
forms.
• One may express it through his chosen art
form.

Art is basically expressed through the following

art forms:

Painting

- The various ways in which the paint is

applied to create beautiful effects would
depend on the unique technique employed by
the artist and the kind of medium that was
used. Painting is a two-dimensional art
form.

Sculpture

- Best described as three-dimensional. The

sculptor creates a solid form using molding,
 carving, welding, casting and assembling. • The subject of art refers to what the work
Some popular mediums are clay, wood, represents. It could be a person, object,
stone, metal, ice, glass, and plastic. scene or event.
• Some artworks have subject, others do not.
Architecture • The artworks that have subject are called
representational or objective arts.
- The most functional of all art forms. It
• Those do not have subjects are known as
involves creating designs for buildings and
non-representational or non-objective arts
infrastructures. To be functional involves
using the design to build the structure through
the help of engineers, contractors, and skilled
workers. It is after the structure is built will
the art form be fully appreciated.

Music

- This is the art of sound expressed through

a song, through the use of instruments or a • The non-objective arts do not present
combination of both. It should express descriptions, stories, or references to
rhythm, harmony, and melody that is soothing identifiable object or symbols. Rather, they
or appeals to the taste of its audience. appeal directly to the senses primarily
because of the organization of their
Dance expressive elements.
• Musical pieces do not imitate natural sounds
- The art of body movements that is attuned but people enjoy listening to them because
to a musical piece. Body movements should notes have been arranged to evoke certain
be graceful and in rhythm with the emotional responses.
accompanying musical piece. In the ancient
times, dance is used as form of worship.

Literature

- The art of using words to express thoughts,

ideas, feelings. Literature may take the form
of poetry, novel, short story, essay, epic and
legends to mention a few.
• Most contemporary painters and sculptors
Theatre
have opted for non-objective art.
- The performance of drama. Typically, • An exciting of combination of shapes and
actors perform on stage in front of a live colors that fulfills the aesthetic need without
audience. Dialogues may be recited, sang, or having to represent an image or tell a story.
eliminated (pantomimes). Theatre may be • Most modern art have purely visual appeal
referred to as combined or performing and are more difficult for the literal oriented
arts. It may include music, dance, and spectator to relate to.
literature.

TOPIC 6

SUBJECT AND CONTENT

ART SUBJECT DEFINED

 • It is important to remember that all artists are commemorate events or to teach history to
individuals with unique personalities and the viewers.
unique experiences.
• These may be the factors that would
determine what kind of subject that they will
represent in his art.
• Art is human expression and the artists'
choice of subject are clues to their inner world
which tells viewers how their art should be
interpreted.

SOURCES OF SUBJECT

Nature

- This is the most popular source of objective

art. Mountains, trees, animals, landscapes,
seascapes, cloudscapes are some examples
of natured inspired art.

Legends
People - Artworks based on legends present to
- Human subjects, whether real or imagined, viewers of the art something tangible even
are the most interesting. How people are when unverified. Art brings 'life' to these
depicted can offer clues to the artists' stories.
thoughts, moods, and the genre the artwork
is presenting. Works can range from a single
subject to a group. They can be in a
perpetual pose or performing task of
everyday life.

History

- Historical art works depict real events which

are verifiable facts that occurred in the past.
The purpose of such works are either to
 Technology

- The modern era with its tall buildings and

amazing machines were also subject matter
for the artist. Cityscapes, airplanes, cars,
Religion ships, motorcycles, and robotic technology
are objects of interest.
- These artworks are based on the sacred
texts: the Holy Bible of Christianity, the Quran
of Islam and the Torah of Judaism. Many
artworks used the beautiful stories in these
sacred texts to convey their beliefs. It was
said that art is the handmaid of religion.

Mythology

- Artworks can also be based on the stories of

the gods and goddesses of Ancient Greece,
Rome, Celts, Norse and the Egyptians.
These deities are depicted in human or
animal forms and present humanlike
behavior.

Dreams and Fantasy

- The intrigue of the unconscious also inspires

artists to present it through art for others to
see, relate and interpret. Artist believed that
the content of the unconscious should be
shared for others to know and may be
understand.