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Original (19)

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rohitgladiator10
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Pulley with friction (Between block and surface)

N
For mass m1 : T – μm1 g = m1 a a
T
mm1g m1
For mass m2 : m2g – T= m2a a
m1g T

m2 – μm1 g
Acceleration a = m2
(m1 + m2)

m1m2 1 + 𝜇 g
T=
(m1 + m2) m2g
Methods of Reducing Friction

By polishing the surface.

By lubrication.
Methods of Reducing Friction Hub

Using ball bearings (small metal balls


placed between moving parts of
machine, when the machine rotates
these also rotate to reduce friction.)
Ball
bearing Axle
Ball bearing
By proper selection of material.

• By avoiding moisture
• By use of alloys
• By streamlining the shape
Disadvantages of Friction

A significant amount of energy of a moving object is wasted in


the form of heat energy to overcome the force of friction.

The force of friction restricts the speed of moving vehicles like


buses, trains, aeroplanes, rockets etc.

The efficiency of machines decreases due to the presence of


force of friction.
The force of friction causes lot of wear and tear in the moving
parts of a machine.

Sometimes, a machine gets burnt due to the force friction


between different moving parts.
Advantages of Friction

The force of friction helps us to move on the surface of earth. In


the absence of friction, we cannot walk on the surface. That is
why, we fall down while moving on a smooth surface.

The force of friction between the tip of a pen and the surface of
paper helps us to write on the paper . It is not possible to write
on the glazed paper as there is no force of friction.

Moving belts remain on the rim of a wheel because of friction.


Advantages of Friction

It is friction which makes it possible to hold an object in our


hand.

It is the friction between the brake liners and the brake drum of
a vehicle which helps in stopping a moving vehicle when brakes
are applied.

Fixing nails to walls and screws to boards is possible only due


to friction.
The force of friction between the tyres of a vehicle and the road
helps the vehicle to stop when brake is applied. In the absence
of friction, the vehicle skid off the road when brake is applied.

The force of friction between a chalk and the black board helps
us to write on the board.

Thus, we observe that inspite of various disadvantages of the


friction, it is very difficult to part with it. So, friction is a
necessary evil.
Note

Friction always oppose the tendency of relative motion .

The force of static friction exactly balances the applied force


during the stationary state of the body.

Static friction is a self-adjusting force, the kinetic friction is not


a self adjusting force.

The frictional force is a contact force parallel to the surfaces in


contact and directed so as to oppose the relative motion or
attempted relative motion of the surfaces.
Note
In exceptional cases μs and μk can exceed unity, although
commonly used less than 1 in numericals.

When two highly polished surfaces are pressed hard, then a


situation similar to welding occurs. It is called cold welding.

When two copper plates are highly polished and placed in


contact with each other, then instead of decreasing, the force of
friction increases.

This arises due to the fact that for two highly polished surfaces
in contact, the number of molecules coming in contact
increases and as a result the cohesive/adhesive forces
increases. This in turn, increases the force of friction.
Let f be the force of friction and N is the normal reaction, then
the net force by the surface on the object is

𝐅𝐬𝐮𝐫𝐟𝐚𝐜𝐞 = 𝐍𝟐 + 𝐟𝟐

Its minimum value (when f = 0 ) is Mg and maximum value


(when f = μN) is Mg 1 + μ2
Question

The coefficient of static friction mS, between block A of mass 2 kg


and the table as shown in the figure is 0.2. What would be the
maximum mass value of block B so that the two blocks do not
move? The string and the pulley are assumed to be smooth and
massless
(A) 2.0 kg (B) 4.0 kg A
(C) 0.2 kg (D) 0.4 kg

Ans: (D)
Question
A 400-N block is dragged along a horizontal surface by an
applied force F as shown in figure. The coefficient of kinetic
friction is µk = 0.4 and the block moves at constant velocity. The
magnitude of F is F
(A) 140 N (B) 154 N
(C) 161 N (D) 200 N
(3 /5) F

(4 /5) F

Ans: 154 N
Question
The system shown remains at rest. Each block weighs 20 N. The
force of friction on the upper block is
(A) 2N
(B) 4N
(C) 6N a W
(D) 8N b

Ans: (D)
Homework
Question

It is difficult to move a cycle with brakes on because


(A) rolling friction opposes motion on road
(B) sliding friction opposes motion on road
(C) rolling friction is more than sliding friction
(D) sliding friction is more than rolling friction

Ans: (D)
Question

A wooden box of mass 60 kg is at rest at horizontal surface of


platform. A coolie requires a force of 78.4 N to just slide. Once the
motion begins force of 39.4 N is sufficient to keep box moving
with uniform velocity. What is the coefficient of static and kinetic
friction. (g = 9.8 m/s2)
(A) 0.0670, 0.1335
(B) 0.1333, 0.0670
(C) 0.1333, 0.492
(D) 0.0670, 0.492

Ans: (B)

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