ART APPRECIATION • Is an abstraction of a certain thought or

feeling that produces a good art based

ART on reality or experiences.
• “Ars” (origin) skills, talent / ability, “Imagination is more powerful than knowledge.”
making or doing something. – Aristotle.
• “Artis” (Italian word) craftmanship,
• Imagination → Creativity → Expression
mastery, and inventiveness.
→ Innovation
• Is the expression of the creative skills
and imagination (also expression of HUMANITIES
feelings and emotion) in different genres
• Are the disciplines that study the
for appreciation of beauty and emotional
expression of human being as a means
power.
of exploring and revealing what it means
• Art must be man-made; nature is not an
to be human.
art, but it is God’s made. Nature is an
• Help us understand human in society.
inspiration for us to create our own
artwork. FIELD OF HUMANITIES
• Art is the center in branches of
humanity; philosophy, literature, • Philosophy – love of wisdom,
language, history, music, dance, theatre. interpreting.
• Literature – means of writing.
CRAFT • Language – communicate, apply
• Usefulness / Product expression (putting emotions and
feelings)
• Form of work
• Music – by means of sound, rhythm, and
• Realization of Expression
beat.
• Is a form of work with the use of
• Religion – worship, temples,
available materials
architecture.
- Art can’t stand alone without craft.
• History – mirror our history, artifacts,
EXPRESSION true evidence.
• Dance – body movement based on
• Purpose of the art.
rhythm.
• Is an avenue for the artist to express
• Theatre – acting, lightning, backdrop,
more about his emotions and creating
arts.
something beautiful out of them.
ART FORMS (Genre)
UNEXPRESSED IMAGINATION
1. Visual Arts – Visual in nature, 2D (Print
• Not an art – there must be an
making, mural painting, photography),
expression; creativity to produce
3D (Sculpture – carving, modelling –
innovation.
clay), Casting (mass production,
MISCONCEPTION WHEN IT COMES TO figuring)
ARTS 2. Film – motion picture, exposing reality
through picture and sound.
• Only rich people can avail art (as long Ex: Videos and Movies
as we have exposure, we can practice 3. Performance Art – presence, body
it.) movements, facial expression. What you
• Not all people are artist. are performing are conveying through
IMAGINATION the audience.
 4. Music – putting tones and sound - Curved Line (considered as “line of grace”
together. and “line of beauty”)
5. Architecture – designing and - Jagged Line (associated with pointed and
constructing buildings. sharp objects) Ex: The Raft of the Medusa
6. Dance – movement of the body based by Theodore Gericault
on the rhythm and music.
Choreography, non-verbal • Shape – have two dimensions, height and
communication. width are usually defined by lines.
7. Literary Art – written material. Words Categories of Shapes;
and emotional images. - Geometric Shape (came from
8. Theatre – performance according to mathematical perspective. Can be
script. Rectilinear and Curvilinear.
9. Applies Art – common object that we - Organic Shape (biomorphic) (oftentimes
can find in our surroundings. Beauty, we see them in nature and with
charm, comfort. characteristics that are free-flowing,
informal and irregular.
FUNCTIONS OF ART
▪ Personal – self-expression of for • Form – exist in three dimensions with
entertainment (escape boredom, source height, width, and depth.
of income, form of self-expression)
▪ Social – used for public display (tourist • Space – in the surface or the area within
attraction, Ex: Jose Rizal) and the artwork.
celebration (gather together, Ex: Fiesta
or Birthday), used to affect collective • Color – reflect light, organized on color
behavior. wheel with 3 primary colors, 3 secondary
▪ Physical – utilitarian (comfort and colors, and 6 intermediate colors.
convenience) → Purpose - Complementary
– The greatest happiness for the - Split-complementary
greatest number. - Analogous
ELEMENTS OF ART - Triadic
- Tetradic
• Dot – most basic visual elements with no - Square
dimension. - Monochromatic
Black (death, despair, gloom, sorrow,
• Pointillism – GEORGE SEURAT (A mourning, and darkness)
Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Blue (infinity, freedom, calmness, serenity,
Grande Jatte) sadness, peace, masculinity, and loyalty)
Brown (humility, earth, spiritual, death,
• Line – connecting dots can be considered renunciation of the world)
as line. Is an identifiable path created by a Green (nature, freshness, prosperity, hope,
point moving in space. Kinds of line; money, life, good health, and well-being,
- Vertical Line (depict power and strength, and envy)
stability, simplicity, poise or stature, and Orange (sweetness, cheerfulness, energy,
dynamism. and food)
- Horizontal Line (associated with rest and Pink (femininity and love)
response) Red (bravery and courage, energy, passion,
- Diagonal Line (lines at action and war, love)
movement) Violet (royalty, nobility, wealth)
 White (purity, clarity, simplicity, virginity, - Anything that is represented in the
peace, goodness) artwork. It may be a person, object, scene, or
Yellow (joyful, vibrant, life, sunshine, event.
happiness, and cowardice)
TYPES OF SUBJECTS
• Value – referred to as Chiaroscuro
(lightness and darkness) Representational
- Sfumato (smoky effect)
- Artwork that depicts something that can
easily be recognized which is real and part of
• Texture – the surface quality of an object
this world.
that we sense through touch hard, soft,
rough, smooth, hairy, leathery, and sharp, - Painting, sculpture, graphic arts,
etc. literature, and theatre arts.
- Actual Texture (real texture of an art)
Non-representational
- Implied or Simulated Texture (imitation of
real texture or real objects) - Artwork that has no resemblance to any
real subjects or objects or anything from
nature.
THEORIES
▪ Plato’s Theory of Imitation or “Art as
Mimesis” – Plato’s view of reality SOURCE AND KINDS OF SUBJECT
explains that ideal is only true and arts
are just imitation or copy of the truth, • Nature – the nature and the environment
therefore for him literature and poetry have been sources of artistic expression.
are not true, it’s imitation of the ideal. (Water Lilies by Claude Monet)
• People and World Events
▪ Aristotle’s Theory “Art as
Representation” – Aristotle considered – This can be found in individual and family
art as an aid to philosophy in revealing portraits.
truth. – World events have been subjects of art as
well. You see these when you read the
▪ Immanuel Kant’s “Art for Art Sake” – newspaper, and flip through the editorial page.
Kant recognized that judgement of
beauty is subjective. • Myths and Legends – they used myths and
legends as way of visualizing the story found
within them. (The Birth of Venus by Sandro
PHILOSOPHICAL THEMES IN ART Botticelli)
▪ Integrity – refers to faithfulness to one’s • Spiritual and Religious Beliefs – art has
principle. been an outlet for religion and faith to come to
▪ Proportion or consonance – implies life. (Disputation of the Holy Sacrament by
balance or consistency of the elements. Raphael)
▪ Radiance or Clarity – has something to
do with the meaning or impact upon the • Ideas Commissioned by Employers – there
observer. are artist hired by the employers.

SUBJECT OF ART Source of Subject

 • Nature, Greek and Roman Mythology, O Balance – it has something to do with visual
Judeo-Christian Tradition, Sacred weight.
Oriental Texts, other Work of Arts.
O Symmetrical or Formal Balance – when one
Kind of Subject side of the composition mirror the other.

• History, still life, animals, figures, nature, O Asymmetrical or Informal Balance – it is

landscape, seascape, cityscape, achieved when one side of the composition
mythology, myth, dreams, and fantasies. does not reflect the design of the other but
visually balanced.
O Radial Balance – elements and objects had
CONTENT a central point.
- The meaning, message, and/or feeling O Proportion – is mostly concerned with how
imparted by a work of art. the sizes of objects and some elements relate
- This is not the same thing as the subject to each other.
matter the work depicts. O Variety – created an interest and appeal in a
- Content is inextricably linked with form, which body of work. Using differences and change
refers to the pictorial aspects of art: in a word, may result to increasing visual interest.
its design -- including choices about shapes, O Emphasis – is the focal point or the center of
colors, framing, contrast, soft or hard edges, & interest in the artwork.
many other decisions.
O Harmony – shows interconnectedness of
elements used.
• Factual – concerned with what is actually the
case rather than interpretation of or reactions O Movement – it adds excitement to your work
to it. by showing action and directing the viewers
eye throughout the picture plane.
• Conventional – in accordance with what is
generally done or believed.
CAVE ART
• Subjective – based on or influence by
personal feelings, tastes, or opinions. • Stone age – created during the last Ice
Age (between 40,000 and 10,000 BCE)
Example:
→ a period also known as Upper
1. Subject: Biblical Art Paleolithic (from the stone age) →
Altamira in Spain.
- Factual Meaning (Creation Story • Homo Sapiens → Modern Human
(Creation of Man))
• Cave Art → France and Spain,
- Conventional Meaning (Man was Portugal, England, Italy, Romania,
created in the image and likeness of God) Germany, and Russia.
• Found in shallow rock shelters.
- Subjective Meaning (Endowment of
• Some was created in total darkness
intellect to a man from God)
within deep uninhabited caves.
• Cave art → symbolic and religious
function
PRINCIPLES OF ART
• Shaman → shaman would enter a
O Rhythm – is defined by the repetition of trance state and send his / her soul into
elements or objects. the otherworld to make contact with the
 spirit and try to obtain their benevolence. - Artists and Craftsmen
(shamanic beliefs and practices) - Farmers and Herdsmen
- Pharaohs and Queens
- Gods / Goddesses
5 TYPES OF CAVE ART
1. Hand print and finger marks
PHARAOH
2. Abstract signs
3. Figurative Paintings • Leader
4. Rock Engraving • Half man, half god
5. Relief Sculpture • Afterlife of the pharaoh is an important
EXAMPLE: theme in ancient Egyptian Art.
Altamira: Bison • Tutankhamun
Cave Painting of Bison c. 15,000 BCE: in
Altamira EGYPTIAN GODS
Cave, near Santanoer Spain
- Anubis → God of the dead
- Hathor → Goddess of love and joy
• Red (Iron Oxides - hematite) and Black - Ra → God of the Sun
Pigments (Manganese Dioxide and - Isis → Goddess of motherhood
Charcoal) - Sekhmet → Goddess of war
• Clay Bison (15,000 years) → Tuc d’
Audobert (1912) French Pyrenees
(Location) WHAT?
• Statue of Bear → Motespan Cave • Architectural achievement of the
(1923) French Pyrenees (Location) ancient Egyptian → Pyramid
• Human heads or genitalia appear in • Pyramid – tombs for pharaohs
isolation. • Statues, relief carvings, paintings,
• Animan figures – images in cave. pottery, jewelry, sculptures, and even
• Chauvet-Pont-d’Arc cave → cave coffins.
lions, mammoths, wooly rhinoceroses,
and cave bears.
KING TUTANKHAMEN

THE ART OF ANCIENT EGYPT - Tomb found in Valley of the Kings

- 1327 B.C.E
• Africa → located in Nile river Valley - Inner coffin is made from hundreds of
• Old Kingdom → 2680 BC – 2200BC pounds of gold, and decorated with
• Middle Kingdom → 2055 BC – 1650 colored enamel, and gemstones.
BC
• New Kingdom → 1550 BC – 1069 BC
ANCIENT EGYPTIAN CULTURE HAS
INFLUENCED OUR LIVES IN MANY WAYS.
WHO
• Buildings based on Egyptian
Communities are made up of: architecture.
• Some language came from Egyptian
- Soldiers
written language of hieroglyphs.
- Slaves
- Priests
- Scribes
 • Some people dress up mummy - Made in 196 B.C
costumes and jewelry with Egyptian - Three different text: Greek, Demotic,
designs. Hieratic
• Egyptian based movies made by - Written by a priest to honor the
Hollywood. Pharaohs
• Written songs with Egyptian Theme
FRONTALISM WHEN YOU THINK OF EGYPY DO YOU
THINK OF PRAMIDS?
- Art viewpoint made by Egyptian artists.
- Face (side or profile view) • 100 pyramids
Eyes (front view) • Tomb for king → Pharoah
Arms and Feet (profile wiew) • Secret Chamber → Kings Mummy and
Shoulder and chest (front wiew) special items for kings afterlife.
• They believed it is connected to the sky
and earth.
WHAT IS THE WRITTEN LANGUAGE OF THE
• First Pyramid (2600 BC.) → King Zoser
ANCIENT EGYPRIAN PEOPLE
“stem pyramid”. (Architect – Imhotep,
• Hieroglyphs – tomb and temple walls, first architecture)
statues, papyrus (paper), and jewelry. • Egypt, El Giza, Great Pyramid also
• Left to right, right to left, or up and down known as "Pyramid of Cheops" or
(depends on which way the symbol "Khufu's Pyramid"
faced)
• One of the most beautiful system of
TEMPLES
writing ever created.
• Also build beautiful temples → Temple
of Ra
HOW PEOPLE LEARN TO WRITE IT?
• Sphinx → temple of a Pharaoh (Khafre)
- Scribes → Egyptian who learned how to – body of lion, 65 feet tall
write the language. • Temple of Queen Hatshepsut
- Attend a special school to learn to write • Temple of Ramsell II
and read hieroglyphics. • Interior Temple of Ramses II

WHAT DID THEY USE MUMMIFICATION

1. Plant (Papyrus) – cut into thin layer → - Packing dead with salt and then
reed pens (deep into ink) wrapping the body with linen cloth
2. Flat and pounded then with a mallet. - 70 days
3. Use smoothing stone to smooth it out. - Wooden Coffin then placed in a sone
Sarcophagus.
- Carved and painted hieroglyphics on
tombs and temple walls.
- They wrote Cartouche. ANCIENT EGYPTIAN SCULPTURE
- Painted by vivid hues
THE ROSETTA STONE - Cubic and Frontal – shape of the stone
cube or block
- Found by French Soldiers (1799) while - Figure stands facing strictly to the front
rebuilding a fort in Egypt.
RELIEF SCULPTURE - Parthenon – symbol of Ancient Greece
and Athenian democracy.
- Bas-relief (low-relief)
- One of the greatest cultural monuments
- The figures in horizontal line so as to
- Perfection and incorporation of the
record an event or represent an action.
mathematical principles of Classical
- Distinguished by their size – gods were
Architecture.
larger than men, kings larger than their
- Bodies look fully alive and moveable.
followers, and dead larger than the
living. Hellenistic 300 BC – 100 CE
- Nike of Samothrace or Winged Victory
GREEK - Discovered in 1863
- Created around 190 BC.
- Geometric Krater Vase
- Honor a sea battle. Sense of action and
(Geometric)1000-700 BC
triumphs.
- Parthenon (Classical) 480 – 300 BC
- Nike of Samothrace (Hellenistic) 300 –
100 BC ROMAN ART VS. GREEK ART
• encompassed Etruscan and Egyptian
ROMAN art.
• Roman Cities – Larger
- Augustus Prima Porta
Greek Cities – power and population
- Arch of Titus
- Pantheon • Roman art
– commissioned, displayed, and owned.
More materialistic.
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE - Life of Buddha – user arch and invented concrete
frieze from Gandhara - architecture and sculpture (political
agenda)
• Depictions of the human figure –
emphasize and change through various AGUSTUS PRIMA PORTA
stylistic time period. Reflection of
- Discovered on April 20, 1863, Villa of
philosophies through time.
Livia at Prima Porta, near Rome.
• Greek – philosophy of humanism
- “Imperator” – commander of the army
• Romans – arch and invent concrete
(commander-in-chief of the Roman
army)
TIME PERIOD WHITHIN THE GREEK ART - “Divine Nature” – statue has many
thinly-veiled
Geometric 1000 – 700 BC
- Krater Vase ARCH OF TITUS
- Stories about gods and heroes of Greek
myths - First century honorific arch (Via sacra,
- Placed in the center of the room. Rome)
- C.82 AD – Roman Emperor of
Archaic 700 – 480 BC Domitian
- (no examples of artwork) - Siege of Jerusalem (70 AD)
- Architect Rabirius
Classical 480 – 300 BC
THE PANTHEON
- 27-25 BC. In Rome, Italy. All god of
Ancient Rome
- Used as a tomb.
- 732 construction worker over 3 years

GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE – LIFE OF BUDDHA

FRIEZE FROM GANDHARA
- Gautama Buddha
– Spiritual teacher from Indian
subcontinent
– Buddhism teacher
– Supreme Buddha
– Birth and Death (early-20th-century)
(563 BC to 483BC)
- Buddha
– first awakened being
- Gandhara
– ancient kingdom in northern Pakistan
and east Afghanistan
– human inhabitants of Gandhara →
tools and burned bones in caves
(15,000 years old)

UKIYO-E
- Pleasure of theatres, restaurants,
teahouses, and geisha.
- Themes from classical, literary, and
historical sources
- Utamaro and Shakaru – advertising
theatre performances, or portraits of
popular actors and beautiful teahouse
firls.
- Hokusai and Hiroshige – impact on
landscape painting all over the world.