Jh Venkateshwar International School

Sector-18, Dwarka, New Delhi-78

TERM – 2 EXAMINATION (2024-25)
PHYSICS (042)
CLASS – XII
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 70
General Instructions:
(1) There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.
(2) This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and
Section E.
(3) All the sections are compulsory.
(4) Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion Reasoning based
of 1 mark each, Section B contains five questions of two marks each, Section C
contains seven questions of three marks each, Section D contains two case study
based questions of four marks each and Section E contains three long answer
questions of five marks each.
(5) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one
question in Section B, one question in Section C, one question in each CBQ in Section
D and all three questions in Section E. You have to attempt only one of the choices in
such questions.
(6) Use of calculators is not allowed.
(7) You may use the following values of physical constants where ever necessary
(i) c = 3 x 108 m/s
(ii) m e = 9.1 x10-31 kg
(iii) e = 1.6 x 10-19 C
(iv) µ0 = 4π x 10-7 TmA-1
(v) h = 6.63 x10-34 Js
(vi) ε0 = 8.854 x10-12 C2/m2N
(vii) Avogadro’s number = 6.023 X 1023 per gram mole

SECTION A
1. If number of turns in primary and secondary coils is increased to two times each, the
mutual inductance
(A) Becomes 4 times (B) Becomes 2 times
(C) Becomes A times (D) Remains unchanged

2. Which of the ac circuits with the following input voltage and current dissipates maximum
power P? [1]
(A) Input voltage Vo = 2 volt, Io = 4 ampere and phase angle Φ = π/4.
(B) Input voltage V = Vo sinωt volt and the current I = Io sin(ωt - π/2) ampere
(C) Input voltage V = 2 cosωt volt and the current I = 4 sinωt ampere
(D) Input voltage V = 100 sin100t volt and the current I = 100 sin(100t +π/3) milliampere.
3. The diagram below shows the electric field (E) and magnetic field (B) components of an
electromagnetic wave at a certain time and location. What is the direction of propagation
of the EM wave? [1]

(A) Perpendicular to E and B and out of the plane of the paper.

(B) Perpendicular to E and B and into the plane of the paper.
(C) Parallel and in the same direction as E.
(D) Parallel and in the same direction as B.

4. Under ideal conditions, consider two different sources of light producing identical waves
that happen to be in phase with each other. The two sources are placed at the corners of
a square. They broadcast waves uniformly in all directions.
Which of the following locations of the two sources will ensure that the waves always
produce constructive interference at the center of the square? [1]
(A) Any two corners of the square.
(B) Only the adjacent corners of the square.
(C) Only corners across the diagonal of the square.
(D) One source at the corner and the other at the center.

6. Given below are two charged subatomic particles P and Q that are accelerated through
same potential difference V?
Here, Masses: mP = mQ Charges: ½ qP = qQ Which of the two sub atomic particles will
have longer de Broglie wavelength? [1]
(A) Particle P, because it has the greater momentum
(B) Particle Q, because it has the greater momentum
(C) Particle P, because it has the smaller momentum
(D) Particle Q, because it has the smaller momentum

7. The magnetic flux linked with the coil varies with time as Φ = 3t2 +4t+9 .The magnitude of
the induced emf at t = 2 sec is [1]
(A) 9V (B)16V (C) 3V (D) 4V

8. An inductor L of reactance XL is connected in series with a bulb B to an ac source as

shown in the figure. How does the brightness of the bulb change when Number of turns of
the inductor is increased? [1]

(A) Increases (B) Decreases (C) Remains same (D) none of these
9. A Biconcave lens of power P vertically splits into two identical Plano-concave parts. The
power of each part will be [1]
(A) 2P (B) P/2 (C) P (D) P/4

10. A piece of copper and another of germanium are cooled from room temperature to 80 K.
The resistance of: [1]
(A) Each of them increases.
(B) Each of them decreases.
(C) Copper increases and germanium decreases
(D) Copper decreases and germanium increases.

11. Which of the following quantities is not conserved in a nuclear reaction? [1]
(A) Mass (B) Charge (C) Momentum (D) None of the above

12. Each of the statements below are based on the properties of electron orbits in a hydrogen
atom. Identify a statement that correctly satisfies the Bohr’s model of an atom. [1]
(A) The angular momentum of the orbiting electron is 3h/π.
(B) The potential energy of the electron in any stable orbit is positive.
(C) The radius of the second electron orbit is 2a0, where a0 is Bohr’s radius.
(D) An amount of energy = -3.4 eV given to an electron in its second orbit will let it
escape the atom.
13. Assertion (A): If there is some gap between the conduction band and the valence band,
electrons in the valence band all remain bound and no free electrons are
available in the conduction band. Then the material is an insulator.
Reason (R): Resistance of insulators is very low. [1]
14. Assertion (A): Electromagnetic waves do not require medium for their propagation.
Reason (R): They cannot travel in a medium. [1]

15. Assertion (A): The focal length of the convex lens will increase, if the lens is placed in
water.
Reason (R): The focal length of a convex lens depends upon the refractive index of
medium in which lens is held. [1]
16. Assertion (A): Interference pattern has all maxima that are equally bright and bands are
large in number in comparison to the diffraction pattern that has maxima
of decreasing intensity and fewer in number.
Reason (R): Interference is the result of the superposition of the waves from two different
wave fronts whereas diffraction is the result of the superposition of the
wavelets from different points of the same wave front. [1]

SECTION B
17. (a) An n-type semiconductor material is produced by adding impurity atoms to a pure
semiconductor material. How many valence electrons will the impurity atoms have in
their outer shell? What will the net charge be on the semiconductor material after
adding the impurity atoms? [2]
 (b) In the following diagrams, write which of the diodes are forward biased and which are
reverse biased?

18. (a) An electron of mass m and a photon carry the same energy E. What is the ratio of de
Broglie wavelength associated with the electron to the wavelength of the photon?
(b) Why do macroscopic objects in our daily life not show wave-like properties whereas in
the sub-atomic domain the wave-like character is significant? [2]
OR
The table below lists the different transitions of an electron in a hydrogen atom:
Among these, identify:
(a) the transition that gives absorption spectra.
(b) the transition that gives Lyman spectral line, Balmer
spectral line and Brackett spectral line.

19. (a) Define barrier potential across a p-n junction. What is the impact on the barrier
potential when the p-n junction is connected in forward bias?
(b) How does the current change as the voltage applied across the p-n junction varies
from small to very high in reverse bias condition? [2]
20. (a) A ray of light of wavelength λ falls normally on a right-angled isosceles prism ABC of
refractive index n. Find the minimum value of refractive index n of the prism required
for the total internal reflection of the light to occur on the face BC of the prism. [2]

(b) Why does the refractive index of a medium less than 1, not possible?
OR
(a) In a refracting type of telescope, what is the impact on its magnifying power if the
objective and eyepiece lens are interchanged? Explain your answer.
(b) Give one advantage of using an objective lens with a large aperture in a telescope.
21. State Lenz’s law. Prove that the charge induced is independent of time. [2]
SECTION C
22. (a) What is the ratio of minimum to maximum energy of the radiations emitted by transition
of an electron to the ground state of a hydrogen atom?
(b) As per de Broglie’s explanation of Bohr’s quantization condition of an orbiting
electron, represent a schematic diagram of particle waves associated with the electron
of the hydrogen atom in the two states, n=2 and n=3.
(c) Express the de Broglie's wavelength of an electron in the second orbit of Bohr’s
hydrogen atom in terms of the radius of the orbit. [3]
23. (a) In the circuit given, identify the nature of biasing (forward or reverse) across each of
the diodes.

(b) Consider a network ABCD containing two identical diodes D1 and D2. The two diodes
offer a resistance of 30 Ω when in forward bias and infinite resistance when in reverse
bias. If the maximum current that can flow in either of the diodes is 30 mA beyond
which they burn out, determine which of the diodes are safe in the above circuit?
[3]

24. (a) Given are two nuclei: 1𝐻3 and 2𝐻𝑒3 . Justify that these two nuclei have the same
radii.
(b) A scientist hypothesizes the existence of a neutral particle of mass 2.0272 u which
consists of two neutrons only. Take mass of neutron = 1.0086 u.
(i) What is the mass defect of this particle?
(ii) Can such a particle exist? Give a reason for your answer. [3]
25. A student obtains an interference pattern formed in Young’s double-slit experiment using
a yellow light in the physics lab.
(a) Suggest any two methods the student can use to increase the distance between the
fringes.
(b) What will happen if the student shifts the source such that it is slightly above the
perpendicular bisector of the two slits?
(c) Compare the distance between central and first maxima with that between second and
third maxima obtained in the interference pattern. [3]
OR
Define a wavelength Use Huygens’ geometrical construction to show the propagation of
a plane wavefront from a rarer medium to a denser medium undergoing refraction. Hence
derive Snell’s law of refraction.
26. Radiations of different frequencies fall on two different metal surfaces. The graph below
represents the kinetic energy of the emitted photoelectrons as a function of frequencies
of incident radiations.

(a) If the two metals along with their work functions are: Potassium (2.3 eV) and Aluminium
(4.3 eV), identify which line represents each metal. Give a reason for your answer.
(b) Write the photoelectric equation that represents each of the above graphs. Find the slope
of the graph.
(c) State one condition with respect to incident radiation for which the photoelectric current
produced by it is proportional to its intensity. [3]
27. An object is placed at a distance of 4.5 cm to the left of a convex lens A of focal length 4
cm.
(a) Find the distance from lens A where a screen should be placed to obtain the image.
(b) The screen is removed and the image is used as an object for a diverging lens B of
focal length 2 cm so that a real image is formed at a distance of 8 cm from lens B. Find
the distance between lens A and lens B. [3]
28. (a) Electromagnetic waves are believed to carry energy and momentum. Give one
illustrative example that proves this characteristic of EM waves.
 (b) What is one common function of each of these? Ozone layer, Glass windows, Special
glass goggles used while welding metals
(c) Write an equation that gives the speed of an electromagnetic wave in a material
medium in terms of the electric and magnetic properties of the medium. Compare the
speed of the em wave in a material medium and in vacuum. [3]
OR
(a) A red light of wavelength λ passes through a single slit of width w and produces a
diffraction pattern on the screen. If the red light is replaced by the green light of
wavelength 0.75λ, find the slit width required so as to keep the diffraction pattern for
green light the same as that of the red light.
(b) Find the wavelength of the light that produces the first minimum at an angle of 30 o
through a narrow slit of width 0.8 μm.
(c) State the formula for the width of the central maximum of the single slit diffraction
pattern. What will be the impact on the width of the central maximum if the whole of the
diffraction apparatus is immersed in a liquid of refractive index n? Explain.
SECTION D
Case Study Based Questions
29. Read the given text and answer the questions that follow. [1X4=4]
The density of nuclear matter is the ratio of the mass of a nucleus to its volume. As the
volume of a nucleus is directly proportional to its mass number A, so the density of
nuclear matter is independent of the size of the nucleus. Thus, the nuclear matter
behaves like a liquid of constant density. Different nuclei are like drops of this liquid, of
different sizes but of same density.
Let A be the mass number and R be the radius of a nucleus. If m is the average mass
of a nucleon, then
Mass of nucleus = mA
4 4 4
Volume of nucleus 𝜋𝑅 3 = 𝜋(𝑅0 𝐴1/3 )3 = 𝜋𝑅0 3 𝐴
3 3 3
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑁𝑢𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑢𝑠 𝑚𝐴 3𝑚
Nuclear density 𝜌 = 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑁𝑢𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑢𝑠 = 4 = 4𝜋𝑅 3
𝜋𝑅0 3 𝐴 0
3

Clearly, nuclear density is independent of mass number A or the size of the nucleus. The
nuclear mass density is of the order 1017 kg m-3. This density is very large as compared
to the density of ordinary matter, say water, for which p = 1.0 x 10 3 kg m-3.
16
(i) The nuclear radius of 8𝑂 is 3 X 10-15 m. The density of nuclear matter is
(A) 2.9 x 1034 kg m-3 (B) 1.2 x 1017 kg m-3
(C) 16 x 1027 kg m-3 (D) 2.4 x 1017 kg m-3
 OR
The radius of a spherical nucleus as measured by electron scattering is 3.6 fm. What is
the mass number of the nucleus most likely to be?
(A) 27 (B) 40 (C) 56 (D) 120
(ii) What is the density of hydrogen nucleus in SI units?
Given R0 = 1.1 fermi and mp = 1.007825 amu
(A) 2.98 x 1017 kg m-3 (B) 3.0 x 1034 kg m-3
(C) 1.99 x 1011 kg m-3 (D) 7.85 x 1017 kg m-3
(iii) Density of a nucleus is
(A) more for lighter elements and less for heavier elements.
(B) more for heavier elements and less for lighter elements
(C) very less compared to ordinary matter
(D) a constant
(iv) If the nucleus of 13Al27 has a nuclear radius of about 3.6 fm, then 52Te
125 would have
its radius approximately as
(A) 9.6 fm (B) 12 fm (C) 4.8 fm (D) 6 fm
30. Read the given text and answer the questions that follow. [1X4=4]
Series LCR circuits at resonance admit maximum current at particular frequencies.
Therefore it is called acceptor circuit because at resonance, impedance of LCR circuit is
minimum and it easily accepts that current out of the many currents whose frequency is
equal to the resonant frequency. This circuit is used in radio and TV receivers to tune
the desired frequency or filtered unwanted frequencies. The antenna of a radio or TV
receives signals of tuning circuit of the receiver is changed by changing the capacitance
of the tuning circuit till the resonant frequency of the circuit becomes equal to the
frequency of the desired broadcasting station. At this stage, the electrical resonance
takes place.
The amplitude of the current with the frequency of the signal from the desired station
becomes maximum and hence it is received by the radio or TV receiver. The maximum
1
current flows through for that a.c. voltage which has frequency equal to 𝑓𝑟 = 2𝜋√𝐿𝐶 .

If Q-value of circuit is large the signals of the other stations will be very weak. Quality
factor determines the clarity of reception. Low quality factor means that bandwidth
around the bandwidth around the resonance frequency is large and hence, tuning is not
very accurate.
(i) The current admitted by series LCR circuit corresponding to resonant frequency is
(A) maximum (B) minimum (C) zero (D) cannot be determined
(ii). In a series LCR circuit L=8H, C=0.5μF and R=100Ω. The resonant frequency of the
circuit is
(A) 1000 / π Hz (B) 500 / π Hz (C) 250 / π Hz (D) 125 / π Hz
OR
In a series LCR circuit, the inductive reactance 𝑋𝐿 =10 Ω and the capacitive reactance
𝑋𝐶 =4 Ω. The resistance R in the circuit is 6 Ω. The power factor of the circuit is
1 1 1 √3
(A) (B) 2 (C) ) 2√2 (D)
√2 2

(iii) At resonance, in a series LCR circuit, which relation does not hold
(A) ω = 1/ 𝐿𝐶 (B) ω = 1/√𝐿𝐶 (C) Lω = 1/ 𝐶𝜔 (D) Cω = 1/ω𝐿
(iv) The power delivered by the source of circuit is maximum when
1
(A) 𝜔𝐿 = 𝜔𝐶 (B) 𝜔𝐿 = 𝜔𝐶 (C) 𝜔𝐿 = 𝜔𝐶 2 (D) 𝜔𝐿 = √𝜔𝐶

SECTION E
31. (a) In Young’s double slit experiment, describe briefly how bright and dark fringes are
obtained on the screen kept in front of a double slit. Hence obtain the expression for
the fringe width.
(b) The ratio of the intensities at minima to the maxima in the Young’s double slit
experiment is 16:25. Find the ratio of the widths of the two slits. [5]
OR
(a) Draw a ray diagram to show the working of a compound microscope. Deduce an
expression for the total magnification when the final image is formed at the near point.
(b) In a compound microscope, an object is placed at a distance of 1.5 cm from the
objective of focal length 1.25 cm. If the eyepiece has a focal length of 5 cm and the
final image is formed at the near point, estimate the magnifying power of the
microscope.
32 (a) In a series LCR circuit connected across an ac source of variable frequency, obtain
the expression for its impedance and draw a plot showing its variation with frequency of
the ac source.
(b) What is the phase difference between the voltages across inductor and the capacitor
at resonance in the LCR circuit?
(c) When an inductor is connected to a 200 V dc voltage, a current of 1A flows through it.
When the same inductor is connected to a 200 V, 50 Hz ac source, only 0.5 A current
flows. Explain, why? Also, calculate the self-inductance of the inductor. [5]
OR
(a) Draw the diagram of a device which is used to decrease high ac voltage into a low ac
voltage and state its working principle. Write four sources of energy loss in this device.
 (b) A small town with a demand of 1200 kW of electric power at 220 V is situated 20 km
away from an electric plant generating power at 440 V. The resistance of the two wire
line carrying power is 0.5 per km. The town gets the power from the line through a
4000-220 V step-down transformer at a sub-station in the town. Estimate the line power
loss in the form of heat.
33. (a) Write two characteristic properties of nuclear forces.
(b) Draw a plot of variation of binding energy per nucleon with mass number. Write two
important conclusions that can be drawn from the plot. [5]
OR
(a) Write the drawbacks of Rutherford’s atomic model.
(b) How did Bohr remove them?
(c) Show that different orbits in Bohr’s atom are not equally spaced.