ASSIGNMENT

Pak studies
Submitted by:
Adan Fatima -012
Samra Majid -002
Abeera Afzaal -008
Malaika Asghar -006
Wasfa Rathore -013
Hafsa Walayat -014
Submitted to:
Sir Ayaaz

University of Gujrat
Department of fine arts
  FOREIGN POLICY OF PAKISTAN
 Introduction:
 national society:
 Foreign Policy:
 “The foreign policy is establishment and development of relationwith
other countries in order to protest the rational interest by taking
appropriate steps at international level.”
 “Even a nation adopts an attitude towards other states which
suits its peculiar circumstances and interest.”

 Foreign policy of Pakistan:
 Pakistan’s foreign policy seeks to protect, promote and advance
Pakistan’s national interest in the external domain. The foreign
ministry contributes towards safeguarding Pakistan’s security and
advancing Pakistan’s development agenda for progress and
prosperity.

 Guiding Principles:
 Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the Founder of Pakistan and its first Governor
General, in a broadcast talk to the people of the USA in February 1948, outlined the
following goals of Pakistan’s foreign policy:

 “Our foreign policy is one of friendliness and goodwill towards all

the nations of the world. We do not cherish aggressive designs
against any country or nation. We believe in the principle of
honesty and fair play in national and international dealings and
are prepared to make our utmost contribution to the promotion
of peace and prosperity among the nations of the world.
 Pakistan will never be found lacking in extending its material and
moral support to the oppressed and suppressed peoples of the
world, and in upholding the principles of the United Nations
Charter.”

 Relationship with all states:

 Pakistan has good relations with all the
nations of the world on the basis of
mutuality of interests, cordiality, peace and
non-interference in internal affairs.
Pakistan believes that problems to be
resolved peacefully.

Determinant of Pakistan's foreign policy

 National Security

The most important concern of Pakistan's foreign policy is national

security in the presence of hostile India and politically instable
Afghanistan.

 Islamic Ideology

Another important determinant is Ideology. There is a great

commitment to Islam among the people of this region. Pakistan's
creation is unique in a sense that it was created on the basis of
religious ideology. This ideological aspect influences the internal as
well as foreign policy decisions of Pakistan.

 Geo-strategic Location of Pakistan

Geo-strategic location of Pakistan has always played an
important role in the formulation of its foreign policy as it
shares borders with China, India, and Iran Afghanistan and very close to
Central Asian Republics (former Soviet Union).

 Economic Factor

Another motivation of Pakistan's foreign policy has been its

economic interests. At the time of partition, Pakistan
inherited a very weak economy. The economic interests of
under-developed countries like Pakistan play an important
role in the formulation of their foreign policy.

 CHALLENGES FACED BY
PAKISTAN'S FOREIGN POLICY

Important challenges faced by Pakistan in Changed world

scenario after 9/11 are mentioned below:

 Pakistan's Nuclear Program

The most important challenge faced by Pakistan.gn Policy is related to
its nuclear capability especially when US has started a campaign against
countries making weapons of mass destruction. Pakistan being the only
Islamic country that has nuclear capability is facing number of problems.
As a matter of fact USA from the very beginning was against Pakistan
being an Islamic state becoming a nuclear power while it was not
bothered by India's nuclear program. Recently numerous media reports,
quoting unnamed US intelligence officials, have alleged that Pakistan
exported nuclear technology to North Korea .
There existed a strong sense of betrayal by the US among the
people of Pakistan in general, and the Pakistani military and
political establishment in particular. Pakistan was left all alone
to deal with the legacies of Afghan war against Soviets. More
than three million refugees and resulting economic fall out were
two important consequences of Afghan war. Thus to support US
after 9/11 events meant to increase problems for Pakistan's
economy which was badly affected due to the sanctions imposed
on Pakistan after Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan. Later
India massed its troops on Pakistan's border after terrorist attack
on Indian parliament also created problems for Pakistan's
economy.

OPPORTUNITIES
In this section of independent study focus is on number of
opportunities available to Pakistan in post 9/11 period.

Economic Benefits
The 9/11 events contributed towards the improvement in
economy, which was in worst conditions during 1990s due to
sanctions imposed on Pakistan by USA, Europe and Japan,
countries providing economic and military assistance to
Pakistan. Sanctions were lifted by US as well as other countries.
US decided to write off $1 billion debt of Pakistan and total debt
relief approved for Pakistan was of $12.5 billion by donor
countries .

Pakistan's Geo-strategic Location

Once again geo-strategic location of Pakistan has forced US to
take dramatic turn in its policies towards this state. This time US
is here to stay for a much longer period of time due to its
economic interests in Central Asia and Caspian Basin. Then due
to Gawadar port Pakistan can get economic benefits from China
by helping it to develop its western provinces and US by
providing it the shortest route to transport hydrocarbons from
Central Asia to outside world. Pakistan can also provide port
facilities to land locked countries of Central Asia and
Afghanistan, Pakistan can get $600 million to $800 million by
providing transit route for gas pipeline to India from
Turkmenistan.

Regional Cooperation
After 9/11 changed world scenario has also has its impact on South
Asian region. Pakistan has an opportunity to improve relations with
Russia as it is no longer a super power but remains an important
Eurasian power. In line with Russia's new pragmatic foreign policy
approach, it is looking to diversify its regional cooperation. Pakistan has
an opportunity to further strengthen its relations with China as with the
highest economic growth rate at present China is going to be world's
biggest economic power by the year 2025. In order to strengthen this
region Pakistan has an opportunity to normalize and improve relations
with India and to make SAARC more effective on the lines of other
economic alliances like EU and ASEAN.

Relations with Muslim Countries

After 9/11 another development is revival of Muslim identity among the
people of Islamic states. Pakistan being an Islamic country can play an
important role in bringing Muslim countries together. It has an
opportunity to develop people to people contacts and trade relations.
Islamic countries can pool in their huge resources in
Journal of Independent Studies and Research (JISR).

Islamic unity
Pakistan support the idea of Islamic unity but it is also a great challenge
to the Pakistan Foreign policy because Afghanistan India and America
create a bad image of Pakistan and Muslims all over the world and also
blamed that the attack on world trade center 9/11 incidence to Muslim
community that create a bad image on other countries and India also
against to the Muslims. India and America didn't want that there is a
Islamic unity so that was a great challenge that Pakistan is facing.
 Pakistan's nuclear program
Pakistan becomes nuclear country in 1998 after a lot of difficulties
because the campaign of US which is against the countries who are
making weapons for mass destruction. As the beginning US is against of
Pakistan being an Islamic state so there are number of problems faced by
Pakistan. There are some of the reports of US intelligence official are
quoting that Pakistan supplied nuclear technology to North Korea.

Conclusion:
Traditionally, Pakistan has been a security-driven state and that's the
reason why more emphasis has been on state-building over nation-
building. However, changing regional as well as world dynamics present
our foreign policy makers with a set of complex challenges. This is
perhaps the most opportune time that Pakistan should reap the benefits
of its geographical location and its importance to the whole world. Our
foreign policy makers should move forward with extreme prudence.

The Foreign policy of Pakistan is directly influenced by military and

intelligence agencies of the country which causes failure for democratic
governments and lack of political leadership. The biggest cause of
failure in Pakistan foreign policy is too dependent in terms of economy
and military assistance on super power countries specially America.
Pakistan have insufficient ability to produce electricity according to
demand. Pakistan can see towards central Asian states to fulfill the
demand of electric supply in summer season because these states have
extra power generation capacity in summer seasons while Pakistan faces
excessive demand in this season but Pakistan unable to take indicative
due to foreign influence.