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CQM1 CPM SRM+Programming Manual

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CQM1 CPM SRM+Programming Manual

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Cat.No.

W228–E1–7

SYSMAC
CQM1/CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1
Programmable Controllers

PROGRAMMING MANUAL
CQM1/CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1
Programmable Controllers
Programming Manual
Revised May 1999
Notice:
OMRON products are manufactured for use according to proper procedures by a qualified operator
and only for the purposes described in this manual.
The following conventions are used to indicate and classify precautions in this manual. Always heed
the information provided with them. Failure to heed precautions can result in injury to people or dam-
age to property.

! DANGER Indicates an imminently hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will result in death or
serious injury.

! WARNING Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in death or
serious injury.

! Caution Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, may result in minor or
moderate injury, or property damage.

OMRON Product References

All OMRON products are capitalized in this manual. The word “Unit” is also capitalized when it refers
to an OMRON product, regardless of whether or not it appears in the proper name of the product.
The abbreviation “Ch,” which appears in some displays and on some OMRON products, often means
“word” and is abbreviated “Wd” in documentation in this sense.
The abbreviation “PC” means Programmable Controller and is not used as an abbreviation for any-
thing else.

Visual Aids
The following headings appear in the left column of the manual to help you locate different types of
information.
Note Indicates information of particular interest for efficient and convenient operation
of the product.

1, 2, 3... 1. Indicates lists of one sort or another, such as procedures, checklists, etc.

 OMRON, 1993
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any
form, or by any means, mechanical, electronic, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permis-
sion of OMRON.
No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein. Moreover, because OMRON is
constantly striving to improve its high-quality products, the information contained in this manual is subject to change
without notice. Every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this manual. Nevertheless, OMRON assumes no
responsibility for errors or omissions. Neither is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of the informa-
tion contained in this publication.

v
About this Manual:
This manual describes programming of the CQM1, CPM1, CPM1A, and SRM1 Programmable Control-
lers, including memory structure, memory contents, ladder-diagram instructions, etc., and includes the
sections described below. Refer to the CQM1 Operation Manual, CPM1 Operation Manual, CPM1A Op-
eration Manual, and SRM1 Master Control Units Operation Manual for hardware information and Pro-
gramming Console operating procedures. Refer to the SSS Operation Manual: C-series PCs for SSS op-
erating procedures.
Note The SRM1 is a specialized programmable controller and is normally called a CompoBus/S Mas-
ter Control Unit. The SRM1, however, is programmed in the same way as the other Program-
mable Controllers and it is treated and referred to as a PC in this manual.

Please read this manual carefully and be sure you understand the information provided before attempting
to program and operate the CQM1, CPM1, CPM1A or SRM1.

Section 1 explains the PC Setup and related PC functions, including interrupt processing and commu-
nications. The PC Setup can be used to control the operating parameters of the PC.
Section 2 provides an introduction to new PC features, including the new instructions available through
expansion instructions and a new monitoring feature call differential monitoring.
Section 3 describes the structure of the PC’s memory areas, and explains how to use them. It also de-
scribes Memory Cassette operations used to transfer data between the CQM1 and a Memory Cassette.
Section 4 explains the basic steps and concepts involved in writing a basic ladder diagram program. It
introduces the instructions that are used to build the basic structure of the ladder diagram and control its
execution.
Section 5 individually describes the ladder-diagram programming instructions that can be used with the
PC.
Section 6 explains the methods and procedures for using host link commands, which can be used for host
link communications via the PC ports.
Section 7 explains the internal processing of the PCs, and the time required for processing and execu-
tion. Refer to this section to gain an understanding of the precise timing of PC operation.
Section 8 describes how to diagnose and correct the hardware and software errors that can occur during
PC operation.
The following appendices are also provided: A Programming Instructions, B Error and Arithmetic
Flag Operation, C Memory Areas, D Using the Clock Function, E I/O Assignment Sheet, F Pro-
gram Coding Sheet, G List of FAL Numbers, H Extended ASCII, and I CPM1A and CPM1 Memory
Area Comparison.

! WARNING Failure to read and understand the information provided in this manual may result in
personal injury or death, damage to the product, or product failure. Please read each
section in its entirety and be sure you understand the information provided in the section
and related sections before attempting any of the procedures or operations given.

vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PRECAUTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
1 Intended Audience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiv
2 General Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiv
3 Safety Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiv
4 Application Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiv

SECTION 1
PC Setup and Other Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1-1 PC Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1-2 Basic PC Operation and I/O Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1-3 Pulse Output Function (CQM1 Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
1-4 Pulse Output Function (CPM1A Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
1-5 CQM1 Interrupt Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
1-6 CPM1/CPM1A Interrupt Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
1-7 SRM1 Interrupt Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
1-8 CompoBus/S Distributed I/O Functions (SRM1 Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
1-9 Communications Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
1-10 Calculating with Signed Binary Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

SECTION 2
Special Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
2-1 Expansion Instructions (CQM1/SRM1 Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
2-2 Advanced I/O Instructions (CQM1 Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
2-3 Macro Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
2-4 Differential Monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
2-5 Analog Settings (CQM1-CPU42-EV1/CPM1/CPM1A Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
2-6 Quick-response Inputs (CPM1/CPM1A Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

SECTION 3
Memory Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
3-1 CQM1 Memory Area Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
3-2 CPM1/CPM1A Memory Area Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
3-3 SRM1 Memory Area Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
3-4 SRM1 Flash Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
3-5 Using Memory Cassettes (CQM1 Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

SECTION 4
Ladder-diagram Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
4-1 Basic Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
4-2 Instruction Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
4-3 Basic Ladder Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
4-4 Controlling Bit Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
4-5 Work Bits (Internal Relays) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
4-6 Programming Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
4-7 Program Execution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179

viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION 5
Instruction Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
5-1 Notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
5-2 Instruction Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
5-3 Data Areas, Definer Values, and Flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
5-4 Differentiated Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
5-5 Coding Right-hand Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
5-6 Instruction Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
5-7 Ladder Diagram Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
5-8 Bit Control Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
5-9 NO OPERATION – NOP(00) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
5-10 END – END(01) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
5-11 INTERLOCK and INTERLOCK CLEAR – IL(02) and ILC(03) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
5-12 JUMP and JUMP END – JMP(04) and JME(05) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
5-13 User Error Instructions:
FAILURE ALARM AND RESET – FAL(06) and
SEVERE FAILURE ALARM – FALS(07) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
5-14 Step Instructions:
STEP DEFINE and STEP START–STEP(08)/SNXT(09) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
5-15 Timer and Counter Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
5-16 Shift Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
5-17 Data Movement Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
5-18 Comparison Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
5-19 Conversion Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
5-20 BCD Calculation Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
5-21 Binary Calculation Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
5-22 Special Math Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
5-23 Logic Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
5-24 Increment/Decrement Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
5-25 Subroutine Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
5-26 Special Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
5-27 Communications Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
5-28 Advanced I/O Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
SECTION 6
Host Link Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
6-1 Communications Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350
6-2 Command and Response Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352
6-3 Host Link Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356
SECTION 7
PC Operations and Processing Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
7-1 CQM1 Cycle Time and I/O Response Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382
7-2 CPM1/CPM1A Cycle Time and I/O Response Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400
7-3 SRM1 Cycle Time and I/O Response Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411
SECTION 8
Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423
8-1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424
8-2 Programming Console Operation Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424
8-3 Programming Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
8-4 User-defined Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426
8-5 Operating Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427
8-6 Error Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430
8-7 Host Link Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432
8-8 Troubleshooting Flowcharts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434

ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Appendices
A Programming Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441
B Error and Arithmetic Flag Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447
C Memory Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451
D Using the Clock Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469
E I/O Assignment Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471
F Program Coding Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473
G List of FAL Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477
H Extended ASCII . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479
I CPM1/CPM1A and CQM1 Memory Area Comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481

Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499
Revision History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507

x
PRECAUTIONS
This section provides general precautions for using the Programmable Controller (PC) and related devices.
The information contained in this section is important for the safe and reliable application of the Programmable Con-
troller. You must read this section and understand the information contained before attempting to set up or operate a
PC system.

1 Intended Audience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiv

2 General Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiv
3 Safety Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiv
4 Application Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiv

xiii
Application Precautions 4

1 Intended Audience
This manual is intended for the following personnel, who must also have knowl-
edge of electrical systems (an electrical engineer or the equivalent).
• Personnel in charge of installing FA systems.
• Personnel in charge of designing FA systems.
• Personnel in charge of managing FA systems and facilities.

2 General Precautions
The user must operate the product according to the performance specifications
described in the operation manuals.
Before using the product under conditions which are not described in the manual
or applying the product to nuclear control systems, railroad systems, aviation
systems, vehicles, combustion systems, medical equipment, amusement ma-
chines, safety equipment, and other systems, machines, and equipment that
may have a serious influence on lives and property if used improperly, consult
your OMRON representative.
Make sure that the ratings and performance characteristics of the product are
sufficient for the systems, machines, and equipment, and be sure to provide the
systems, machines, and equipment with double safety mechanisms.
This manual provides information for programming and operating the Unit. Be
sure to read this manual before attempting to use the Unit and keep this manual
close at hand for reference during operation.

! WARNING It is extremely important that a PC and all PC Units be used for the specified
purpose and under the specified conditions, especially in applications that can
directly or indirectly affect human life. You must consult with your OMRON
representative before applying a PC System to the above-mentioned
applications.

3 Safety Precautions
! Caution Execute online edit only after confirming that no adverse effects will be caused
by extending the cycle time. Otherwise, the input signals may not be readable.

! Caution Confirm safety at the destination node before transferring a program to another
node or changing the I/O memory area. Doing either of these without confirming
safety may result in injury.

4 Application Precautions
Observe the following precautions when using the PC System.

! Caution Failure to abide by the following precautions could lead to faulty operation of the
PC or the system, or could damage the PC or PC Units. Always heed these pre-
cautions.

• Fail-safe measures must be taken by the customer to ensure safety in the

event of incorrect, missing, or abnormal signals caused by broken signal lines,
momentary power interruptions, or other causes.
• Interlock circuits, limit circuits, and similar safety measures in external circuits
(i.e., not in the Programmable Controller) must be provided by the customer.

xiv
Application Precautions 4

• Check the user program for proper execution before actually running it on the
Unit. Not checking the program may result in an unexpected operation.
• Confirm that no adverse effect will occur in the system before attempting any of
the following. Not doing so may result in an unexpected operation.
• Changing the operating mode of the PC.
• Force-setting/force-resetting any bit in memory.
• Changing the present value of any word or any set value in memory.
• Resume operation only after transferring to the new CPU Unit the contents of
the DM and HR Areas required for resuming operation. Not doing so may result
in an unexpected operation.
• Do not place objects on top of the cables. Doing so may break the cables.
• Before touching the Unit, be sure to first touch a grounded metallic object in
order to discharge any static built-up. Not doing so may result in malfunction or
damage.
• Do not touch the Expansion I/O Unit Connecting Cable while the power is
being supplied in order to prevent any malfunction due to static electricity.

! Caution Always clear memory before beginning to program the CPM1, CPM1A or SRM1.
Although memory is cleared before the CPU Unit is shipped (except for bits with
specific functions), AR 1314, which turns ON when the internal capacitor cannot
back up memory, may have turned ON during shipment.

! Caution If the CPM1 or CPM1A will be turned OFF for periods exceeding the data backup
period of the internal capacitor, design the system so that it will not be influenced
if data in the DM, HR, and CNT areas is cleared when power is turned OFF.

! Caution Either switch the CPM1 or CPM1A to RUN or MONITOR mode, or turn OFF and
ON power to the CPM1 or CPM1A after changing from a Programming Device
any data that is backed up in flash memory. This data includes the user program,
read-only DM area (DM 6144 to DM 6599), and the PC Setup (DM 6600 to DM
6655).

• The user program and memory area data in the CPM1 or CPM1A are backed
up either by an internal capacitor or in flash memory as shown in the following
table.
Backup method Data
Internal capacitor Read/write DM area (DM 0000 to DM 0999, DM 1022, and
DM 1023)
Error log area (DM 1000 to DM 1021)
HR area (HR 00 to HR 19)
Counter area (CNT 000 to CNT 127)
Flash memory User program
Read-only DM area (DM 6144 to DM 6599)
PC Setup (DM 6600 to DM 6655)

Note 1. The IR, TR, LR, and timer areas are not normally backed up when power is
turned OFF and all contents will be cleared the next time power is turned
ON. (The PC Setup setting in DM 6601 can be used to back up this data.
Refer to details on the PC Setup later in this manual for details.)
2. The bits in the AR and SR areas have special functions and are set accord-
ing to these functions when power is turned ON.

xv
Application Precautions 4

• The capacitor backup time depends on the ambient temperature, as shown in

the following graph. The backup time, however, assumes that the capacitor is
fully charged, which requires that power be supplied to the CPU Unit continu-
ously for at least 15 minutes.

Backup time (days)

10
7

1
25 40 80
Ambient temperature (C)

If the power remains OFF for a period exceeding the data backup period,
AR 1314 will turn ON to indicate that the capacitor can no longer back up data
and the data backed up by the capacitor will be cleared. AR 1314 will remain
ON unless it is turned OFF using I/O monitor operations, using memory clear
operations, or from the user program.
If desired, the PC Setup setting in DM 6604 can be set to create a fatal error
and thus stop the system when AR 1314 goes ON.
• The data stored in flash memory will not be lost even if power remains OFF for
a period exceeding the data backup period, because the data stored in flash
memory will be read to the CPU Unit when the CPM1 or CPM1A is turned ON.
• If the power is turned OFF without changing the mode from PROGRAM mode
to RUN or MONITOR mode after having made changes in the data that is
backed up in flash memory, the changes will not be written to flash memory. If
the power is then left OFF for more than 20 days (at 25C), the changes (i.e.,
the contents of the RAM) will be erased and the data values will become unde-
fined.

! Caution Be sure that the SRM1 system is not influenced by any undefined data if the data
in the DM, HR, or CNT area is cleared when the SRM1 has been turned OFF for
a period exceeding the data backup period of the internal lithium battery. If the
AR 1414 flag is ON, the data will be held unless it is turned OFF using the I/O
Monitor operation, instructions, etc. The system can be stopped by designating
DM 6604 in the PC Setup so that a memory error occurs when the power inter-
ruption hold area is not held (with AR 1314 ON)

• A lithium battery in the CPU Unit is used to back up the counter values and the
contents of the DM area, and HR area. The deterioration of the lithium battery
capacity depends on the ambient temperature. The standard service life is
12 years at an ambient temperature of 40C when operating 8 hours a day.
If the power remains off for a period exceeding the data backup period, the
contents of the Data Memory (DM), Hold Relay (HR), and Counter (CNT)
Areas in the CPU Unit may be cleared and the AR 1314 flag (which turns ON
when the power interruption hold area is not held) may turn ON.
If the contents of the CPU Unit’s program area are lost, the program stored in
flash memory will be read to the CPU Unit’s program area when the SRM1 is
started up because the contents in the read-only area (DM 6144 through
DM 6599) and PC Setup (DM 6600 through DM 6655) will be written to flash
memory.

xvi
Application Precautions 4

• However, if the power is turned OFF without changing the mode even if
changes are made in the read-only DM area (DM 6144 through DM 6599), or
PC Setup (DM 6600 through DM 6655) using a peripheral device, the contents
of changes will not be written to flash memory. Although the data in these areas
is backed up by the lithium battery, contents of changes will disappear if the
service life of the lithium battery expires. In this case, programs in the flash
memory will be automatically read into the user program memory.
The changes can be saved by switching the SRM1 to RUN or MONITOR mode
or turning OFF and restarting the SRM1 soon after the changes are made.

xvii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PRECAUTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
1 Intended Audience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiv
2 General Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiv
3 Safety Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiv
4 Application Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiv

vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION 5
Instruction Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
5-1 Notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
5-2 Instruction Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
5-3 Data Areas, Definer Values, and Flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
5-4 Differentiated Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
5-5 Coding Right-hand Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
5-6 Instruction Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
5-7 Ladder Diagram Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
5-8 Bit Control Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
5-9 NO OPERATION – NOP(00) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
5-10 END – END(01) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
5-11 INTERLOCK and INTERLOCK CLEAR – IL(02) and ILC(03) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
5-12 JUMP and JUMP END – JMP(04) and JME(05) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
5-13 User Error Instructions:
FAILURE ALARM AND RESET – FAL(06) and
SEVERE FAILURE ALARM – FALS(07) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
5-14 Step Instructions:
STEP DEFINE and STEP START–STEP(08)/SNXT(09) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
5-15 Timer and Counter Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
5-16 Shift Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
5-17 Data Movement Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
5-18 Comparison Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
5-19 Conversion Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
5-20 BCD Calculation Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
5-21 Binary Calculation Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
5-22 Special Math Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
5-23 Logic Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
5-24 Increment/Decrement Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
5-25 Subroutine Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
5-26 Special Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
5-27 Communications Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
5-28 Advanced I/O Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
SECTION 6
Host Link Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
6-1 Communications Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350
6-2 Command and Response Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352
6-3 Host Link Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356
SECTION 7
PC Operations and Processing Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
7-1 CQM1 Cycle Time and I/O Response Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382
7-2 CPM1/CPM1A Cycle Time and I/O Response Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400
7-3 SRM1 Cycle Time and I/O Response Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411
SECTION 8
Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423
8-1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424
8-2 Programming Console Operation Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424
8-3 Programming Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
8-4 User-defined Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426
8-5 Operating Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427
8-6 Error Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430
8-7 Host Link Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432
8-8 Troubleshooting Flowcharts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434

viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Appendices
A Programming Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441
B Error and Arithmetic Flag Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447
C Memory Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451
D Using the Clock Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469
E I/O Assignment Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471
F Program Coding Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473
G List of FAL Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477
H Extended ASCII . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479
I CPM1/CPM1A and CQM1 Memory Area Comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481

ix
PRECAUTIONS
This section provides general precautions for using the Programmable Controller (PC) and related devices.
The information contained in this section is important for the safe and reliable application of the Programmable Con-
troller. You must read this section and understand the information contained before attempting to set up or operate a
PC system.

1 Intended Audience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiv

xiii
Application Precautions 4

3 Safety Precautions
! Caution Execute online edit only after confirming that no adverse effects will be caused
by extending the cycle time. Otherwise, the input signals may not be readable.

! Caution Confirm safety at the destination node before transferring a program to another
node or changing the I/O memory area. Doing either of these without confirming
safety may result in injury.

4 Application Precautions
Observe the following precautions when using the PC System.

! Caution Failure to abide by the following precautions could lead to faulty operation of the
PC or the system, or could damage the PC or PC Units. Always heed these pre-
cautions.

• Fail-safe measures must be taken by the customer to ensure safety in the

xiv
Application Precautions 4

xv
Application Precautions 4

• The capacitor backup time depends on the ambient temperature, as shown in

the following graph. The backup time, however, assumes that the capacitor is
fully charged, which requires that power be supplied to the CPU Unit continu-
ously for at least 15 minutes.

Backup time (days)

10
7

1
25 40 80
Ambient temperature (C)

xvi
Application Precautions 4

xvii
SECTION 1
PC Setup and Other Features
This section explains the PC Setup and other CQM1/CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1 features, including interrupt processing and com-
munications. The PC Setup can be used to control the operating parameters of the CQM1/CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1. To change
the PC Setup, refer to the CQM1 Operation Manual, CPM1 Operation Manual, CPM1A Operation Manual or SRM1 Master
Control Units Operation Manual for Programming Console procedures. Refer to the SSS Operation Manual: C-series PCs
for SSS procedures.
If you are not familiar with OMRON PCs or ladder diagram program, you can read 1-5 PC Setup as an overview of the operat-
ing parameters available for the CQM1/CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1, but may then want to read Section 3 Memory Areas, Section 4
Ladder-diagram Programming, and related instructions in Section 5 Instruction Set before completing this section.

1-1 PC Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1-1-1 Changing the PC Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1-1-2 CQM1 PC Setup Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1-1-3 CPM1/CPM1A PC Setup Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1-1-4 SRM1 PC Setup Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1-2 Basic PC Operation and I/O Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1-2-1 Startup Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1-2-2 Hold Bit Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
1-2-3 Program Memory Write-protection (CPM1/CPM1A Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
1-2-4 RS-232C Port Servicing Time (CQM1/SRM1 Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
1-2-5 Peripheral Port Servicing Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
1-2-6 Cycle Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
1-2-7 Input Time Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
1-2-8 High-speed Timers (CQM1 Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
1-2-9 DSW(87) Input Digits & Output Refresh Method (CQM1 Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
1-2-10 Error Log Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
1-3 Pulse Output Function (CQM1 Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
1-3-1 Types of Pulse Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
1-3-2 Standard Pulse Output from an Output Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
1-3-3 Standard Pulse Output from Ports 1 and 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
1-3-4 Variable-duty-ratio Pulse Output from Ports 1 and 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
1-3-5 Determining the Status of Ports 1 and 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
1-4 Pulse Output Function (CPM1A Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
1-4-1 Programming Example in Continuous Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
1-4-2 Programming Example in Independent Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
1-4-3 Using Pulse Output Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
1-4-4 Changing the Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
1-4-5 Stopping Pulse Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
1-5 CQM1 Interrupt Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
1-5-1 Types of Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
1-5-2 Input Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
1-5-3 Masking All Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
1-5-4 Interval Timer Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
1-5-5 High-speed Counter 0 Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
1-5-6 High-speed Counter 0 Overflows/Underflows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
1-5-7 High-speed Counter 1 and 2 Interrupts (CQM1-CPU43-EV1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
1-5-8 Absolute High-speed Counter Interrupts (CQM1-CPU44-EV1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
1-6 CPM1/CPM1A Interrupt Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
1-6-1 Types of Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
1-6-2 Input Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
1-6-3 Masking All Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
1-6-4 Interval Timer Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
1-6-5 High-speed Counter Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

1
Section

1-7 SRM1 Interrupt Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

1-7-1 Types of Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
1-7-2 Interval Timer Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
1-8 CompoBus/S Distributed I/O Functions (SRM1 Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
1-9 Communications Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
1-9-1 CQM1 PC Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
1-9-2 Wiring Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
1-9-3 CQM1 Host Link Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
1-9-4 CPM1/CPM1A Host Link Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
1-9-5 SRM1 Host Link Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
1-9-6 RS-232C Communications (CQM1/SRM1 Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
1-9-7 CQM1 One-to-one Link Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
1-9-8 CPM1/CPM1A One-to-one Link Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
1-9-9 CPM1/CPM1A NT Link Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
1-9-10 SRM1 One-to-one Link Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
1-9-11 SRM1 NT Link Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
1-9-12 SRM1 No Protocol Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
1-9-13 Transmission Data Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
1-9-14 Transmission Flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
1-9-15 No Protocol Communications Program Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
1-10 Calculating with Signed Binary Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
1-10-1 Definition of Signed Binary Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
1-10-2 Arithmetic Flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
1-10-3 Inputting Signed Binary Data Using Decimal Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
1-10-4 Using Signed-binary Expansion Instructions (CQM1 Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
1-10-5 Application Example Using Signed Binary Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

2
PC Setup Section 1-1

1-1 PC Setup
The PC Setup comprises various operating parameters that control
CQM1/CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1 operation. In order to make the maximum use of
CQM1/CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1 functionality when using interrupt processing and
communications functions, the PC Setup may be customized according to oper-
ating conditions.
At the time of shipping, the defaults are set for general operating conditions, so
that the CQM1/CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1 can be used without having to change the
settings. You are, however, advised to check the default values before opera-
tion.
Default Values The default values for the PC Setup are 0000 for all words. The default values
can be reset at any time by turning ON SR 25210.

! Caution When data memory (DM) is cleared from a Programming Device, the PC Setup
settings will also be cleared to all zeros.

1-1-1 Changing the PC Setup

PC Setup settings are accessed at various times depending on the setting, as
described below.
• DM 6600 to DM 6614: Accessed only when PC’s power supply is turned on.
• DM 6615 to DM 6644: Accessed only when program execution begins.
• DM 6645 to DM 6655: Accessed regularly when the power is on.
Since changes in the PC Setup become effective only at the times given above,
the CQM1/CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1 will have to be restarted to make changes in
DM 6600 to DM 6614 effective, and program execution will have to be restarted
to make changes in DM 6615 to DM 6644 effective.
When DM 6602 bits 00 to 03 are set to protect the program memory, DM 6602
cannot be changed using the PC Setup operation of the Support Software. To
change DM 6602, use the I/O Monitor or DM Edit operation.
Making Changes from a The PC Setup can be read, but not written into, from the user program. Writing
Peripheral Device can be done only by using a Programming Device.
Although the PC Setup is stored in DM 6600 to DM 6655, settings can be made
and changed only from a Programming Device (e.g., SSS, or Programming
Console). DM 6600 to DM 6644 can be set or changed only while in PROGRAM
mode. DM 6645 to DM 6655 can be set or changed while in either PROGRAM
mode or MONITOR mode.
The following settings can be made in PROGRAM mode from the SSS using
menu operations. All other settings must be made using the hexadecimal setting
operation.
• Startup Mode (DM 6600)
• I/O Hold Bit Status and Forced Status Hold Bit Status (DM 6601)
• Cycle Monitor Time (DM 6618)
• Cycle Time (DM 6619)
• RS-232C Port Settings (DM 6645 to DM 6649)
Note The RS-232C Port Settings (DM 6645 to DM 6649) are not used in
CPM1/CPM1A PCs because these PCs aren’t equipped with an RS-232C port.

Errors in the PC Setup If an incorrect PC Setup setting is accessed, a non-fatal error (error code 9B) will
be generated, the corresponding error flag (AR 2400 to AR 2402 in the CQM1,
AR 1300 to AR 1302 in the CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1) will be turned ON, and the
default setting will be used instead of the incorrect setting.

3
PC Setup Section 1-1

1-1-2 CQM1 PC Setup Settings

The PC Setup is broadly divided into four categories: 1) Settings related to basic
CQM1 operation and I/O processes, 2) Settings related to pulse output func-
tions, 3) Settings related to interrupts, and 4) Settings related to communica-
tions. This section will explain the settings according to these classifications.

The following table shows the setting in order in the DM area. For details, refer to
the page numbers shown.

Word(s) Bit(s) Function Page

Startup Processing (DM 6600 to DM 6614)
The following settings are effective after transfer to the PC only after the PC is restarted.
DM 6600 00 to 07 Startup mode (effective when bits 08 to 15 are set to 02). 16
00: PROGRAM; 01: MONITOR 02: RUN
08 to 15 Startup mode designation
00: Programming Console switch
01: Continue operating mode last used before power was turned off
02: Setting in 00 to 07
DM 6601 00 to 07 Not used.
08 to 11 IOM Hold Bit (SR 25212) Status 17
0: Reset; 1: Maintain
12 to 15 Forced Status Hold Bit (SR 25211) Status
0: Reset; 1: Maintain
DM 6602 to 00 to 15 Not used.
DM 6610
DM 6611 00 to 15 CQM1-CPU43-EV1: Mode setting for ports 1 and 2 25, 63
0000: High-speed counter mode; 0001: Pulse output mode
CQM1-CPU44-EV1: Origin compensation setting for port 1 (4-digit BCD)
DM 6612 00 to 15 CQM1-CPU44-EV1: Origin compensation setting for port 2 (4-digit BCD) 63
Pulse Output and Cycle Time Settings (DM 6615 to DM 6619)
The following settings are effective after transfer to the PC the next time operation is started.
DM 6615 00 to 07 Word for pulse output. 23
00: IR 100; 01: IR101; 02: IR 102... 15: IR 115
08 to 15 Not used.
DM 6616 00 to 07 Servicing time for RS-232C port (effective when bits 08 to 15 are set to 01) 18
00 to 99 (BCD): Percentage of cycle time used to service RS-232C port.
08 to 15 RS-232C port servicing setting enable
00: 5% of the cycle time
01: Use time in 00 to 07.
DM 6617 00 to 07 Servicing time for peripheral port (effective when bits 08 to 15 are set to 01) 18
00 to 99 (BCD): Percentage of cycle time used to service peripheral.
08 to 15 Peripheral port servicing setting enable
00: 5% of the cycle time
01: Use time in 00 to 07.
DM 6618 00 to 07 Cycle monitor time (effective when bits 08 to 15 are set to 01, 02, or 03) 21
00 to 99 (BCD): Setting (see 08 to 15)
08 to 15 Cycle monitor enable (Setting in 00 to 07 x unit; 99 s max.)
00: 120 ms (setting in bits 00 to 07 disabled)
01: Setting unit: 10 ms
02: Setting unit: 100 ms
03: Setting unit: 1 s
DM 6619 00 to 15 Cycle time 18
0000: Variable (no minimum)
0001 to 9999 (BCD): Minimum time in ms

4
PC Setup Section 1-1

Word(s) Bit(s) Function Page

Interrupt Processing (DM 6620 to DM 6639)
The following settings are effective after transfer to the PC the next time operation is started.
DM 6620 00 to 03 Input constant for IR 00000 to IR 00007 19
0: 8 ms; 1: 1 ms; 2: 2 ms; 3: 4 ms; 4: 8 ms; 5: 16 ms; 6: 32 ms; 7: 64 ms; 8: 128 ms
04 to 07 Input constant for IR 00008 to IR 00015 (Setting same as bits 00 to 03)
08 to 15 Input constant for IR 001
00: 8 ms; 01: 1 ms; 02: 2 ms; 03: 4 ms; 04: 8 ms; 05: 16 ms; 06: 32 ms; 07: 64 ms; 08:
128 ms
DM 6621 00 to 07 Input constant for IR 002 (Setting same as for IR 001.)
08 to 15 Input constant for IR 003 (Setting same as for IR 001.)
DM 6622 00 to 07 Input constant for IR 004 (Setting same as for IR 001.)
08 to 15 Input constant for IR 005 (Setting same as for IR 001.)
DM 6623 00 to 07 Input constant for IR 006 (Setting same as for IR 001.)
08 to 15 Input constant for IR 007 (Setting same as for IR 001.)
DM 6624 00 to 07 Input constant for IR 008 (Setting same as for IR 001.)
08 to 15 Input constant for IR 009 (Setting same as for IR 001.)
DM 6625 00 to 07 Input constant for IR 010 (Setting same as for IR 001.)
08 to 15 Input constant for IR 011 (Setting same as for IR 001.)
DM 6626 00 to 07 Input constant for IR 012 (Setting same as for IR 001.)
08 to 15 Input constant for IR 013 (Setting same as for IR 001.)
DM 6627 00 to 07 Input constant for IR 014 (Setting same as for IR 001.)
08 to 15 Input constant for IR 015 (Setting same as for IR 001.)
DM 6628 00 to 03 Interrupt enable for IR 00000 (0: Normal input; 1: Interrupt input) 40
04 to 07 Interrupt enable for IR 00001 (0: Normal input; 1: Interrupt input)
08 to 11 Interrupt enable for IR 00002 (0: Normal input; 1: Interrupt input)
12 to 15 Interrupt enable for IR 00003 (0: Normal input; 1: Interrupt input)
DM 6629 00 to 07 Number of high-speed timers for interrupt refreshing 20
00 to 15 (BCD; e.g., set 15 for 00 to 14)
08 to 15 High-speed timer interrupt refresh enable
00: 16 timers (setting in bits 00 to 07 disabled)
01: Use setting in 00 to 07
DM 6630 00 to 07 First input refresh word for I/O interrupt 0: 00 to 11 (BCD) 40
08 to 15 Number of input refresh words for I/O interrupt 0: 00 to 12 (BCD)
DM 6631 00 to 07 First input refresh word for I/O interrupt 1: 00 to 11 (BCD)
08 to 15 Number of input refresh words for I/O interrupt 1: 00 to 12 (BCD)
DM 6632 00 to 07 First input refresh word for I/O interrupt 2: 00 to 11 (BCD)
08 to 15 Number of input refresh words for I/O interrupt 2: 00 to 12 (BCD)
DM 6633 00 to 07 First input refresh word for I/O interrupt 3: 00 to 11 (BCD)
08 to 15 Number of input refresh words for I/O interrupt 3: 00 to 12 (BCD)
DM 6634 00 to 07 First input refresh word for high-speed counter 1: 00 to 11 (BCD) 40
08 to 15 Number of input refresh words for high-speed counter 1: 00 to 12 (BCD)
DM 6635 00 to 07 First input refresh word for high-speed counter 1: 00 to 11 (BCD) 40
08 to 15 Number of input refresh words for high-speed counter 1: 00 to 12 (BCD)
DM 6636 00 to 07 First input refresh word for interval timer 0: 00 to 07 (BCD) 45, 50
08 to 15 Number of input refresh words for interval timer 0: 00 to 08 (BCD)
DM 6637 00 to 07 First input refresh word for interval timer 1: 00 to 07 (BCD)
08 to 15 Number of input refresh words for interval timer 1: 00 to 08 (BCD)
DM 6638 00 to 07 First input refresh word for interval timer 2 (also used for high-speed counter 0): 00 to
07 (BCD)
08 to 15 Number of input refresh words for interval timer 2: 00 to 08 (BCD)
(also used for high-speed counter 0)

5
PC Setup Section 1-1

Word(s) Bit(s) Function Page

DM 6639 00 to 07
Output refresh method 21,
00: Cyclic; 01: Direct 383
08 to 15 Number of digits for DIGITAL SWITCH (DSW(87)) instruction 21,
00: 4 digits; 01: 8 digits 122
High-speed Counter Settings (DM 6640 to DM 6644)
The following settings are effective after transfer to the PC the next time operation is started.
DM 6640, 00 to 15 Not used.
DM 6641
DM 6642 00 to 03 High-speed counter 0 mode 50
0: Up/down counter mode; 4: Incrementing counter mode
04 to 07 High-speed counter 0 reset mode
0: Z phase and software reset; 1: Software reset only
08 to 15 High-speed counter 0 enable
00: Don’t use high-speed counter; 01: Use high-speed counter with settings in 00 to 07
DM 6643 00 to 03 CQM1-CPU43-EV1: Port 1 input setting 55, 62
0: Differential phase input; 1: Pulse/Direction input; 2: Up/Down input
CQM1-CPU44-EV1: Port 1 input setting
0: 8-bit input; 1: 10-bit input; 2: 12-bit input
04 to 07 CQM1-CPU43-EV1: Port 1 reset setting 57
0: Z phase and software reset; 1: Software reset only
CQM1-CPU44-EV1: Not used. Set to 0.
08 to 11 CQM1-CPU43-EV1: Port 1 counting mode setting 55, 62
0: Linear mode; 1: Ring mode
CQM1-CPU44-EV1: Port 1 mode setting
0: BCD mode; 1: 360° mode
12 to 15 CQM1-CPU43-EV1: Port 1 pulse type setting 25, 32
0: Standard pulse output (0.5 duty ratio); 1: Variable-duty-ratio pulse output
CQM1-CPU44-EV1: Not used. Set to 0.
DM 6644 00 to 15 Port 2 settings (Identical to the port 1 settings in DM 6643.)

6
PC Setup Section 1-1

Word(s) Bit(s) Function Page

RS-232C Port Settings
The following settings are effective after transfer to the PC.
DM 6645 00 to 07 Port settings 88
00: Standard (1 start bit, 7-bit data, even parity, 2 stop bits, 9,600 bps)
01: Settings in DM 6646
08 to 11 Link words for 1:1 link (Effective when bits 12 to 15 are set to 3.)
0: LR 00 to LR 63; 1: LR 00 to LR 31; 2: LR 00 to LR 15
12 to 15 Communications mode
0: Host link; 1: RS-232C (no protocol); 2: 1:1 data link slave; 3: 1:1 data link master;
4: NT Link (1:1) (NT Link setting is only applicable to the CQM1-CPU4-EV1 CPU
Units.)
DM 6646 00 to 07 Baud rate
00: 1.2K, 01: 2.4K, 02: 4.8K, 03: 9.6K, 04: 19.2K
08 to 15 Frame format
Start Length Stop Parity
00: 1 bit 7 bits 1 bit Even
01: 1 bit 7 bits 1 bit Odd
02: 1 bit 7 bits 1 bit None
03: 1 bit 7 bits 2 bit Even
04: 1 bit 7 bits 2 bit Odd
05: 1 bit 7 bits 2 bit None
06: 1 bit 8 bits 1 bit Even
07: 1 bit 8 bits 1 bit Odd
08: 1 bit 8 bits 1 bit None
09: 1 bit 8 bits 2 bit Even
10: 1 bit 8 bits 2 bit Odd
11: 1 bit 8 bits 2 bit None
DM 6647 00 to 15 Transmission delay (Host Link)
0000 to 9999 (BCD): Set in units of 10 ms, e.g., setting of 0001 equals 10 ms
DM 6648 00 to 07 Node number (Host link, effective when bits 12 to 15 of DM 6645 are set to 0.)
00 to 31 (BCD)
08 to 11 Start code enable (RS-232C, effective when bits 12 to 15 of DM 6645 are set to 1.)
0: Disable; 1: Set
12 to 15 End code enable (RS-232C, effective when bits 12 to 15 of DM 6645 are set to 1.)
0: Disable (number of bytes received)
1: Set (specified end code)
2: CR, LF
DM 6649 00 to 07 Start code (RS-232C) 88
00 to FF (binary)
08 to 15 When bits 12 to 15 of DM 6648 are set to 0:
Number of bytes received
00: Default setting (256 bytes)
01 to FF: 1 to 255 bytes
When bits 12 to 15 of DM 6648 are set to 1:
End code (RS-232C)
00 to FF (binary)

7
PC Setup Section 1-1

Word(s) Bit(s) Function Page

Peripheral Port Settings
The following settings are effective after transfer to the PC.
These settings are effective when a CQM1-CIF01 Connecting Cable is used.
They are not effective when a CQM1-CIF11 Connecting Cable or Programming Console is used.
DM 6650 00 to 07 Port settings 88
00: Standard (1 start bit, 7-bit data, even parity, 2 stop bits, 9,600 bps)
01: Settings in DM 6651
08 to 11 Not used.
12 to 15 Communications mode 88
0: Host link; 1: RS-232C
DM 6651 00 to 07 Baud rate
00: 1.2K, 01: 2.4K, 02: 4.8K, 03: 9.6K, 04: 19.2K
08 to 15 Frame format
Start Length Stop Parity
00: 1 bit 7 bits 1 bit Even
01: 1 bit 7 bits 1 bit Odd
02: 1 bit 7 bits 1 bit None
03: 1 bit 7 bits 2 bit Even
04: 1 bit 7 bits 2 bit Odd
05: 1 bit 7 bits 2 bit None
06: 1 bit 8 bits 1 bit Even
07: 1 bit 8 bits 1 bit Odd
08: 1 bit 8 bits 1 bit None
09: 1 bit 8 bits 2 bit Even
10: 1 bit 8 bits 2 bit Odd
11: 1 bit 8 bits 2 bit None
DM 6652 00 to 15 Transmission delay (Host Link)
0000 to 9999: In ms.
DM 6653 00 to 07 Node number (Host link, effective when bits 12 to 15 of DM 6650 are set to 0.)
00 to 31 (BCD)
08 to 11 Start code enable (RS-232C, effective when bits 12 to 15 of DM 6650 are set to 1.)
0: Disable; 1: Set
12 to 15 End code enable (RS-232C, effective when bits 12 to 15 of DM 6650 are set to 1.)
0: Disable (number of bytes received)
1: Set (specified end code)
2: CR, LF
DM 6654 00 to 07 Start code (RS-232C, effective when bits 08 to 11 of DM 6653 are set to 1.)
00 to FF (binary)
08 to 15 When bits 12 to 15 of DM 6653 are set to 0:
Number of bytes received
00: Default setting (256 bytes)
01 to FF: 1 to 255 bytes
When bits 12 to 15 of DM 6653 are set to 1:
End code (RS-232C)
00 to FF (binary)

Error Log Settings (DM 6655)

The following settings are effective after transfer to the PC.
DM 6655 00 to 03 Style 22
0: Shift after 10 records have been stored
1: Store only first 10 records (no shifting)
2 to F: Do not store records
04 to 07 Not used.
08 to 11 Cycle time monitor enable 22
0: Detect long cycles as non-fatal errors
1: Do not detect long cycles
12 to 15 Low battery error enable
0: Detect low battery voltage as non-fatal error
1: Do not detect low batter voltage

8
PC Setup Section 1-1

1-1-3 CPM1/CPM1A PC Setup Settings

The PC Setup is broadly divided into four categories: 1) Settings related to basic
PC operation and I/O processes, 2) Settings related to the cycle time, 3) Settings
related to interrupts, and 4) Settings related to communications. This section will
explain the settings according to these classifications.

The following table shows the settings for CPM1/CPM1A PCs in order. Refer to
the page number in the last column for more details on that setting.

Word(s) Bit(s) Function Page

Startup Processing (DM 6600 to DM 6614)
The following settings are effective after transfer to the PC only after the PC is restarted.
DM 6600 00 to 07 Startup mode (effective when bits 08 to 15 are set to 02). 16
00: PROGRAM; 01: MONITOR 02: RUN
08 to 15 Startup mode designation
00: Programming Console switch
01: Continue operating mode last used before power was turned off. (See note 1.)
02: Setting in 00 to 07
DM 6601 00 to 07 Not used. 17
08 to 11 IOM Hold Bit (SR 25212) Status at Startup
0: Reset; 1: Maintain (See note 3.)
12 to 15 Forced Status Hold Bit (SR 25211) Status at Startup
0: Reset; 1: Maintain (See note 3.)
DM 6602 00 to 03 Program memory write-protection 17
0: Program memory unprotected
1: Program memory write-protected (except DM 6602 itself)
04 to 07 Programming Console display language
0: English; 1: Japanese
08 to 15 Not used.
DM 6603 00 to 15 Not used.
DM 6604 00 to 07 00: If data could not be saved with the built-in capacitor (AR 1314 ON), a memory error will not
be generated.
01: If data could not be saved with the built-in capacitor (AR 1314 ON), a memory error will be
generated.
08 to 15 Not used.
DM 6605 to 00 to 15 Not used.
DM 6614
Cycle Time Settings (DM 6615 to DM 6619)
The following settings are effective after transfer to the PC the next time operation is started.
DM 6615, 00 to 15 Not used.
DM 6616
DM 6617 00 to 07 Servicing time for peripheral port (effective when bits 08 to 15 are set to 01) 18
00 to 99 (BCD): Percentage of cycle time used to service peripheral.
08 to 15 Peripheral port servicing setting enable
00: 5% of the cycle time
01: Use time in 00 to 07.
DM 6618 00 to 07 Cycle monitor time (effective when bits 08 to 15 are set to 01, 02, or 03) 21
00 to 99 (BCD): Setting (see 08 to 15)
08 to 15 Cycle monitor enable (Setting in 00 to 07 x unit; 99 s max.)
00: 120 ms (setting in bits 00 to 07 disabled)
01: Setting unit: 10 ms
02: Setting unit: 100 ms
03: Setting unit: 1 s
DM 6619 00 to 15 Cycle time 18
0000: Variable (no minimum)
0001 to 9999 (BCD): Minimum time in ms

9
PC Setup Section 1-1

Word(s) Bit(s) Function Page

10
PC Setup Section 1-1

Word(s) Bit(s) Function Page

Peripheral Port Settings
The following settings are effective after transfer to the PC.
DM 6645 to 00 to 15 Not used. 88
DM 6649
DM 6650 00 to 07 Port settings
00: Standard (1 start bit, 7-bit data, even parity, 2 stop bits, 9,600 bps)
01: Settings in DM 6651
(Other settings will cause a non-fatal error and AR 1302 will turn ON.)
08 to 11 Link area for one-to-one PC link via peripheral port:
0: LR 00 to LR 15
12 to 15 Communications mode
0: Host link; 2: One-to-one PC link (slave); 3: One-to-one PC link (master); 4: NT Link
(Other settings will cause a non-fatal error and AR 1302 will turn ON.)
DM 6651 00 to 07 Baud rate
00: 1.2K, 01: 2.4K, 02: 4.8K, 03: 9.6K, 04: 19.2K, 05 to 07: Cannot be used (see note
2)
(Other settings will cause a non-fatal error and AR 1302 will turn ON.)
08 to 15 Frame format
Start Length Stop Parity
00: 1 bit 7 bits 1 bit Even
01: 1 bit 7 bits 1 bit Odd
02: 1 bit 7 bits 1 bit None
03: 1 bit 7 bits 2 bit Even
04: 1 bit 7 bits 2 bit Odd
05: 1 bit 7 bits 2 bit None
06: 1 bit 8 bits 1 bit Even
07: 1 bit 8 bits 1 bit Odd
08: 1 bit 8 bits 1 bit None
09: 1 bit 8 bits 2 bit Even
10: 1 bit 8 bits 2 bit Odd
11: 1 bit 8 bits 2 bit None
(Other settings will cause a non-fatal error and AR 1302 will turn ON.)
DM 6652 00 to 15 Transmission delay (Host Link) (See note 4.)
0000 to 9999: In ms.
(Other settings will cause a non-fatal error and AR 1302 will turn ON.)
DM 6653 00 to 07 Node number (Host link)
00 to 31 (BCD)
(Other settings will cause a non-fatal error and AR 1302 will turn ON.)
08 to 15 Not used.
DM 6654 00 to 15 Not used.
Error Log Settings (DM 6655)
The following settings are effective after transfer to the PC.
DM 6655 00 to 03 Style 22
0: Shift after 7 records have been stored
1: Store only first 7 records (no shifting)
2 to F: Do not store records
04 to 07 Not used.
08 to 11 Cycle time monitor enable
0: Detect long cycles as non-fatal errors
1: Do not detect long cycles
12 to 15 Not used.

Note 1. When the startup mode is set to continue the operating mode last used be-
fore the power was turned off, that operating mode will be retained by the
built-in capacitor. If the power remains off for longer than the backup time of
the capacitor, the data may be lost. (For details on the holding time, refer to
the CPM1A or CPM1 Operation Manual.)

11
PC Setup Section 1-1

2. Do not set to “05” to “07.” If set to this value, the CPM1/CPM1A will not oper-
ate properly and the RUN PC Setup Error Flag (AR 1302 ON) will not turn
ON.
3. Retention of IOM Hold Bit (SR 25212) Status
If the “IOM Hold Bit Status at Startup” (DM 6601, bits 08 to 11) is set to “Main-
tain” with the IOM Hold Bit (SR 25212) turned ON, operation can be started
with the I/O memory (I/O, IR, LR) status just as it was before the power was
turned OFF. (The input area is refreshed at startup, however, so it is over-
written by the most recently updated input status.)
Retention of Forced Status Hold Bit (SR 25211) Status
If the “Forced Status Hold Bit Status at Startup” (DM 6601, bits 12 to 15) is
set to “Maintain” with the Forced Status Hold Bit (SR 25211) turned ON, op-
eration can be started with the forced set/reset status just as it was before
the power was turned OFF. (When starting up in RUN Mode, however, the
forced set/reset status is cleared.)
Even if the “IOM Hold Bit Status at Startup” or “Forced Status Hold Bit Status
at Startup” is set to “Maintain,” the IOM Hold Bit (SR 25212) or Forced Status
Hold Bit (SR 25211) status may be cleared if the power remains OFF for
longer than the backup time of the built-in capacitor. (For details on the hold-
ing time, refer to the CPM1A or CPM1 Operation Manual.) At this time the
I/O memory will also be cleared, so set up the system so that clearing the I/O
memory will not cause problems.
4. The transmission delay is the delay between the previous transmission and
the next transmission.

Host computer Command Command

Programmable Controller Response Response

Transmission delay time

5. If an out-of-range value is set, the following communications conditions will

result. In that case, reset the value so that it is within the permissible range.
Communications mode: Host Link
Communications format: Standard settings
(1 start bit, 7-bit data; even parity, 2 stop bits,
9,600 bps)
Transmission delay: No
Node number: 00

12
PC Setup Section 1-1

1-1-4 SRM1 PC Setup Settings

The PC Setup is broadly divided into three categories: 1) Settings related to ba-
sic PC operation and I/O processes, 2) Settings related to the cycle time, and 3)
Settings related to communications. This section will explain the settings ac-
cording to these classifications.

The following table shows the settings for SRM1 PCs in order. Refer to the page
number in the last column for more details on that setting.

Word(s) Bit(s) Function Page

Startup Processing (DM 6600 to DM 6614)
The following settings are effective after transfer to the PC only after the PC is restarted.
DM 6600 00 to 07 Startup mode (effective when bits 08 to 15 are set to 02). 16
00: PROGRAM; 01: MONITOR 02: RUN
08 to 15 Startup mode designation
00: Programming Console switch
01: Continue operating mode last used before power was turned off
02: Setting in 00 to 07
DM 6601 00 to 07 Not used. 17
08 to 11 IOM Hold Bit (SR 25212) Status
0: Reset; 1: Maintain (See caution on page 17.)
12 to 15 Forced Status Hold Bit (SR 25211) Status
0: Reset; 1: Maintain
DM 6602 00 to 03 Program memory write-protection 17
0: Program memory unprotected
1: Program memory write-protected (except DM 6602 itself)
04 to 07 Programming Console display language
0: English; 1: Japanese
08 to 11 Expansion Instructions
0: Default settings; 1: User settings
12 to 15 Not used.
DM 6603 00 to 03 Maximum number of CompoBus/S devices
0: Max. no. 32
1: Max. no. 16
04 to 15 Not used.
DM 6604 00 to 07 00: If data could not be saved for a power interruption (AR 1314 ON), a memory error will not be
generated.
01: If data could not be saved for a power interruption (AR 1314 ON), a memory error will be
generated.
08 to 15 Not used.
DM 6605 to 00 to 15 Not used.
DM 6614
Cycle Time Settings (DM 6615 to DM 6619)
The following settings are effective after transfer to the PC the next time operation is started.
DM 6615 00 to 15 Not used.
DM 6616 00 to 07 Servicing time for RS-232C port (effective when bits 08 to 15 are set) 18
00 to 99 (BCD): Percentage for cycle time used to service peripheral.
08 to 15 RS-232C port servicing enable
00: 5% of the cycle time
01: Use time in 00 to 07.
DM 6617 00 to 07 Servicing time for peripheral port (effective when bits 08 to 15 are set to 01) 18
00 to 99 (BCD): Percentage of cycle time used to service peripheral.
08 to 15 Peripheral port servicing setting enable
00: 5% of the cycle time
01: Use time in 00 to 07.

13
PC Setup Section 1-1

Word(s) Bit(s) Function Page

DM 6618 00 to 07 Cycle monitor time (effective when bits 08 to 15 are set to 01, 02, or 03) 21
00 to 99 (BCD): Setting (see 08 to 15)
08 to 15 Cycle monitor enable (Setting in 00 to 07 x unit; 99 s max.)
00: 120 ms (setting in bits 00 to 07 disabled)
01: Setting unit: 10 ms
02: Setting unit: 100 ms
03: Setting unit: 1 s
DM 6619 00 to 15 Cycle time 18
0000: Variable (no minimum)
0001 to 9999 (BCD): Minimum time in ms
DM 6620 to 00 to 15 Not used.
DM 6644
RS-232C Port Settings
The following settings are effective after transfer to the PC.
DM 6645 00 to 03 Port settings 95
0: Standard (1 start bit, 7-bit data, even parity, 2 stop bits, 9,600 bps)
1: Settings in DM 6646
04 to 07 CTS control settings
0: Disable; 1: Set
08 to 11 Link words for 1:1 link
0: LR 00 to LR 15; Other: Not effective
12 to 15 Communications mode
0: Host link; 1: RS-232C (no protocol); 2: 1:1 data link slave; 3: 1:1 data link master;
4: NT Link
DM 6646 00 to 07 Baud rate
00: 1.2K, 01: 2.4K, 02: 4.8K, 03: 9.6K, 04: 19.2K
08 to 15 Frame format
Start Length Stop Parity
00: 1 bit 7 bits 1 bit Even
01: 1 bit 7 bits 1 bit Odd
02: 1 bit 7 bits 1 bit None
03: 1 bit 7 bits 2 bit Even
04: 1 bit 7 bits 2 bit Odd
05: 1 bit 7 bits 2 bit None
06: 1 bit 8 bits 1 bit Even
07: 1 bit 8 bits 1 bit Odd
08: 1 bit 8 bits 1 bit None
09: 1 bit 8 bits 2 bit Even
10: 1 bit 8 bits 2 bit Odd
11: 1 bit 8 bits 2 bit None
DM 6647 00 to 15 Transmission delay (Host Link)
0000 to 9999 (BCD): Set in units of 10 ms, e.g., setting of 0001 equals 10 ms
DM 6648 00 to 07 Node number (Host link, effective when bits 12 to 15 of DM 6645 are set to 0.)
00 to 31 (BCD)
08 to 11 Start code enable (RS-232C, effective when bits 12 to 15 of DM 6645 are set to 1.)
0: Disable; 1: Set
12 to 15 End code enable (RS-232C, effective when bits 12 to 15 of DM 6645 are set to 1.)
0: Disable (number of bytes received)
1: Set (specified end code)
2: CR, LF
DM 6649 00 to 07 Start code (RS-232C) 95
00 to FF (binary)
08 to 15 When bits 12 to 15 of DM 6648 are set to 0:
Number of bytes received
00: Default setting (256 bytes)
01 to FF: 1 to 255 bytes
When bits 12 to 15 of DM 6648 are set to 1:
End code (RS-232C)
00 to FF (binary)

14
PC Setup Section 1-1

Word(s) Bit(s) Function Page

Peripheral Port Settings
The following settings are effective after transfer to the PC.
DM 6650 00 to 03 Port settings 95
00: Standard (1 start bit, 7-bit data, even parity, 2 stop bits, 9,600 bps)
01: Settings in DM 6651
(Other settings will cause a non-fatal error and AR 1302 will turn ON.)
04 to 07 Not used.
08 to 11 Not used.
12 to 15 Communications mode
0: Host link; 1: No protocol
(Other settings will cause a non-fatal error and and AR 1302 will turn ON.)
DM 6651 00 to 07 Baud rate
00: 1.2K, 01: 2.4K, 02: 4.8K, 03: 9.6K, 04: 19.2K
08 to 15 Frame format
Start Length Stop Parity
00: 1 bit 7 bits 1 bit Even
01: 1 bit 7 bits 1 bit Odd
02: 1 bit 7 bits 1 bit None
03: 1 bit 7 bits 2 bit Even
04: 1 bit 7 bits 2 bit Odd
05: 1 bit 7 bits 2 bit None
06: 1 bit 8 bits 1 bit Even
07: 1 bit 8 bits 1 bit Odd
08: 1 bit 8 bits 1 bit None
09: 1 bit 8 bits 2 bit Even
10: 1 bit 8 bits 2 bit Odd
11: 1 bit 8 bits 2 bit None
(Other settings will cause a non-fatal error and AR 1302 will turn ON.)
DM 6652 00 to 15 Transmission delay (Host Link)
0000 to 9999 (BCD): Set in units of 10 ms.
(Other settings will cause a non-fatal error and AR 1302 will turn ON.)
DM 6653 00 to 07 Node number (Host link)
00 to 31 (BCD)
(Other settings will cause a non-fatal error and AR 1302 will turn ON.)
08 to 11 Start code enable (RS-232C, effective when bits 12 to 15 of DM6650 are set to 1.)
0: Disable
1: Set
12 to 15 End code enable (RS-232C, effective when bits 12 to 15 of DM6650 are set to 1.)
0: Disable (number of bytes received)
1: Set (specified end code)
2: CR, LF
DM 6654 00 to 07 Start code (effective when bits 08 to 11 of DM6650 are set to 1.)
00: 256 bytes
01 to FF: 1 to 255 bytes
08 to 15 End code
When bits 12 to 15 of DM6653 are set to 0:
00: 256 bytes
01 to FF: 1 to 255 bytes
When bits 12 to 15 of DM6653 are set to 1:
Setting: 00 to FF (binary)

15
Basic PC Operation and I/O Processes Section 1-2

Word(s) Bit(s) Function Page

Error Log Settings (DM 6655)
The following settings are effective after transfer to the PC.
DM 6655 00 to 03 Style 22
0: Shift after 7 records have been stored
1: Store only first 7 records
Errors will not be stored if other values are set.
04 to 07 Not used.
08 to 11 Cycle time monitor enable
0: Detect long cycles as non-fatal errors
1: Do not detect long cycles
12 to 15 Not used.

1-2 Basic PC Operation and I/O Processes

This section explains the PC Setup settings related to basic operation and I/O
processes.

1-2-1 Startup Mode

The operation mode the PC will start in when power is turned on can be set as
shown below.
Bit 15 0
DM6600

Startup Mode Designation

00: Programming Console Mode Selector (If not connected: RUN mode)
01: Operating mode last used before power was turned off
02: Mode set in bits 00 to 07

Startup Mode (Bits 08 to 15: Valid when bits 00 to 07 are set to 02)
00: PROGRAM mode
01: MONITOR mode
02: RUN mode

Default: Programming Console Mode Selector or RUN mode when Programming

Console is not connected.

16
Basic PC Operation and I/O Processes Section 1-2

1-2-2 Hold Bit Status

Make the settings shown below to determine whether, when the power supply is
turned on, the Forced Status Hold Bit (SR 25211) and/or IOM Hold Bit
(SR 25212) will retain the status that was in effect when the power was last
turned off, or whether the previous status will be cleared.
Bit 15 0
DM6601 0 0

SR 25211 setting Always 00

0: Clear status
1: Retain status
SR 25212 setting
0: Clear status
1: Retain status

Default: Clear both.

The Forced Status Hold Bit (SR 25211) determines whether or not the forced
set/reset status is retained when changing from PROGRAM mode to MONITOR
mode.
The IOM Hold Bit (SR 25212) determines whether or not the status of IR bits and
LR bits is retained when PC operation is started and stopped.

! Caution Do not use the I/O Hold Bit Status and Forced Status Hold Bit Status Bits
(DM 6601) when the power to the PC is going to be turned off longer than the
memory backup time of the internal capacitor. If the memory backup time is ex-
ceeded, memory status will be unstable even if the I/O Hold Bit Status and
Forced Status Hold Bit Status Bits are used. Unpredictable results may occur if
operation is attempted with unstable memory status.

Note 1. The memory backup time of the internal capacitor varies with the ambient
temperature, but is 20 days at 25C. Refer to hardware specifications for
more details.
2. The memory backup time assumes that the internal capacitor is fully
charged before power is turned off. Fulling charging the capacitor requires
that power is supplied to the CPU Unit for at least 15 minutes.

1-2-3 Program Memory Write-protection (CPM1/CPM1A Only)

In CPM1/CPM1A PCs the program memory can be protected by setting bits 00
to 03 of DM 6602 to 0. Bits 04 to 07 determine whether Programming Console
messages are displayed in English or Japanese.
Bit 15 0
DM6602 0 0

Always 00

Programming Console messages

0: English
1: Japanese
Program memory
0: Not write-protected
1: Write-protected

Default: English displays, not write-protected

Note DM 6602 itself can still be changed after the program memory has been write-
protected by setting bits 04 to 07 of DM 6602 to 1.

17
Basic PC Operation and I/O Processes Section 1-2

1-2-4 RS-232C Port Servicing Time (CQM1/SRM1 Only)

The following settings are used to determine the percentage of the cycle time
devoted to servicing the RS-232C port.
Bit 15 0

DM6616

Servicing time setting enable

00: Disabled (5% used)
01: Enabled (setting in bits 00 to 07 used)
Servicing time (%, valid with bits 08 to 15 are 01)
00 to 99 (BCD, two digits)

Default: 5% of cycle time

Example: If DM 6616 is set to 0110, the RS-232C port will be serviced for 10% of
the cycle time.
The servicing time will be 0.34 ms minimum.
The entire servicing time will not be used unless processing requests exist.

1-2-5 Peripheral Port Servicing Time

The following settings are used to determine the percentage of the cycle time
devoted to servicing the peripheral port.
Bit 15 0

DM6617

Servicing time setting enable

00: Disabled (5% used)
01: Enabled (setting in bits 00 to 07 used)
Servicing time (%, valid with bits 08 to 15 are 01)
00 to 99 (BCD, two digits)

Default: 5% of cycle time

Example: If DM 6617 is set to 0115, the peripheral port will be serviced for 15%
of the cycle time.
The servicing time will be 0.34 ms minimum.
The entire servicing time will not be used unless processing requests exist.

1-2-6 Cycle Time

Make the settings shown below to standardize the cycle time and to eliminate
variations in I/O response time by setting a minimum cycle time.
Bit 15 0
DM6619

Cycle time (4 digits BCD)

0000:Cycle time variable
0001 to 9999: Minimum cycle time (Unit: 1 ms)

Default: Cycle time variable

If the actual cycle time is shorter than the minimum cycle time, execution will wait
until the minimum time has expired. If the actual cycle time is longer than the
minimum cycle time, then operation will proceed according to the actual cycle
time. AR 2405 will turn ON if the minimum cycle time is exceeded.

18
Basic PC Operation and I/O Processes Section 1-2

1-2-7 Input Time Constants

Make the settings shown below to set the time from when the actual inputs from
the DC Input Unit are turned ON or OFF until the corresponding input bits are
updated (i.e., until their ON/OFF status is changed). Make these settings when
you want to adjust the time until inputs stabilize.
Increasing the input time constant can reduce the effects from chattering and
external noise.

Input from an input device

such as a limit switch

Input bit status

t t Input time constant

The SRM1 does not have this setting.

CQM1 PCs DM 6620 contains the input time constants for both IR 000 and IR 001.
Input Time Constants for IR 000 and IR 001
Bit 15 0
DM 6620

Time constant for IR 001 (2 digits BCD; see below.)

Time constant for IR 00008 to IR 00015 (1 digit BCD; see below.)
Time constant for IR 00000 to IR 00007 (1 digit BCD; see below.)
Default: 0000 (8 ms for each)

Input Time Constants for IR 002 to IR 015

DM 6621: IR 002 and IR 003
DM 6622: IR 004 and IR 005
DM 6623: IR 006 and IR 007 Bit 15 0
DM 6624: IR 008 and IR 009 DM 6621 to DM 6627
DM 6625: IR 010 and IR 011
DM 6626: IR 012 and IR 013
DM 6627: IR 014 and IR 015

Time constant for IR 003, IR 005, IR 007, IR 009, IR 011, IR 013, and IR 015
Time constant for IR 002, IR 004, IR 006, IR 008, IR 010, IR 012, and IR 014
Default: 0000 (8 ms for each)

The nine possible settings for the input time constant are shown below. Set only
the rightmost digit for IR 000.
0: 8 ms 1: 1 ms 2: 2 ms 3: 4 ms 4: 8 ms
5: 16 ms 6: 32 ms 7: 64 ms 8: 128 ms
CPM1/CPM1A PCs Set the input time constants for CPM1/CPM1A inputs from a Peripheral Device.
Input Time Constants for IR 000
Bit 15 0
DM 6620

Time constant for IR 00007 to IR 00011 (1 digit BCD; see below.)

Time constant for IR 00005 to IR 00006 (1 digit BCD; see below.)
Time constant for IR 00003 to IR 00004 (1 digit BCD; see below.)
Time constant for IR 00000 to IR 00002 (1 digit BCD; see below.)
Default: 0000 (8 ms for each)

19
Basic PC Operation and I/O Processes Section 1-2

Input Time Constants for IR 001 to IR 009

Bit 15 0
DM 6621: IR 001 and IR 002
DM 6621 to DM 6625
DM 6622: IR 003 and IR 004
DM 6623: IR 005 and IR 006
DM 6624: IR 007 and IR 008
DM 6625: IR 009

Time constant for IR 002, IR 004, IR 006, and IR 008

Time constant for IR 001, IR 003, IR 005, IR 007, and IR 009
Default: 0000 (8 ms for each)

The nine possible settings for the input time constant are shown below. Set only
the rightmost digit for IR 000.
0: 8 ms 1: 1 ms 2: 2 ms 3: 4 ms 4: 8 ms
5: 16 ms 6: 32 ms 7: 64 ms 8: 128 ms
The CPM1/CPM1A’s I/O response time is the input time constant (1 ms to 128
ms; default is 8 ms) + the cycle time.
Refer to 7-2 CPM1/CPM1A Cycle Time and I/O Response Time for more details.

1-2-8 High-speed Timers (CQM1 Only)

Make the settings shown below to set the number of high-speed timers created
with TIMH(15) that will use interrupt processing.

Bit 15 0
DM6629

High-speed timer interrupt setting enable

00: Setting disabled (Interrupt processing for all high-speed timers, TIM 000 to TIM 015)
01: Enabled (Use setting in bits 00 to 07.)
Number of high-speed timer for interrupts (valid when bits 08 to 15 are 01)
00 to 15 (2 digits BCD)

Default: Interrupt processing for all high-speed timers,TIM 000 to TIM 015.

The setting indicates the number of timers that will use interrupt processing be-
ginning with TIM 000. For example, if “0108” is specified, then eight timers,
TIM 000 to TIM 007 will use interrupt processing.

Note High-speed timers will not be accurate without interrupt processing unless the
cycle time is 10 ms or less.

Interrupt response time for other interrupts will be improved if interrupt proces-
sing is set to 00 when high-speed timer processing is not required. This includes
any time the cycle time is less than 10 ms.

Note If the SPED(64) instruction is used and pulses are output at a frequency of
500 Hz or greater, then set the number of high-speed timers with interrupt pro-
cessing to four or less. Refer to information on the SPED(64) instruction for de-
tails.

20
Basic PC Operation and I/O Processes Section 1-2

1-2-9 DSW(87) Input Digits & Output Refresh Method (CQM1 Only)
Make the settings shown below to set the number of input digits the DSW(87)
instruction, and to set the output refresh method.
Bit 15 0
DM 6639

Number of input digits for the DSW(87)

00: 4 digits
01: 8 digits
Output refresh method
00: Cyclic
01: Direct

Default: The number of input digits for the DSW(87) instruc-

tion is set to “4” and the output refresh method is cyclic.

Refer to Section 2 New Features for details on the DSW(87) instruction and to
Section 7 PC Operations and Processing Time for details on I/O refresh meth-
ods.
1-2-10 Error Log Settings
Make the settings shown below for detecting errors and storing the error log.
Cycle Monitor Time (DM 6618)
Bit 15 0
DM6618

Cycle Monitor Time Enable and Unit

00: Setting disabled (time fixed at 120 ms)
01: Setting in 00 to 07 enabled; unit:10 ms
02: Setting in 00 to 07 enabled; unit:100 ms
03: Setting in 00 to 07 enabled; unit:1 s
Cycle monitor time setting (When bits 08 to 15 are not 00)
00 to 99 (2 digits BCD; unit set in bits 08 to 15.)

Default: 120 ms.

The cycle monitor time is used for checking for extremely long cycle times, as
can happen when the program goes into an infinite loop. If the cycle time ex-
ceeds the cycle monitor setting, a fatal error (FALS 9F) will be generated.
Note 1. The unit used for the maximum and current cycle times recorded in the AR
area (AR 26 and AR 27 in the CQM1, AR 14 and AR 15 in the
CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1) depend on the unit set for the cycle monitor time in
DM 6618, as shown below.
Bits 08 to 15 set to 01: 0.1 ms
Bits 08 to 15 set to 02: 1 ms
Bits 08 to 15 set to 03: 10 ms
2. If the cycle time is 1 s or longer, the cycle time read from Programming De-
vices will be 999.9 ms. The correct maximum and current cycle times will be
recorded in the AR area.
Example
If 0230 is set in DM 6618, an FALS 9F error will not occur until the cycle time
exceeds 3 s. If the actual cycle time is 2.59 s, the current cycle time stored in the
AR area will be 2590 (ms), but the cycle time read from a Programming Device
will be 999.9 ms.
A “cycle time over” error (non-fatal) will be generated when the cycle time ex-
ceeds 100 ms unless detection of long cycle times is disable using the setting in
DM 6655.

21
Pulse Output Function (CQM1 Only) Section 1-3

Error Detection and Error Log Operation (DM 6655)

Make the settings shown below to determine whether or not a non-fatal error is to
be generated when the cycle time exceeds 100 ms or when the voltage of the
built-in battery drops (CQM1 only), and to set the method for storing records in
the error log when errors occur.
Bit 15 0
DM6655 0

Low battery voltage detection Always

0: Detect 0
1: Don’t detect

Cycle time over detection

0: Detect
1: Don’t detect
Error log storage method
0: Error records for 10 (CQM1) or 7 (SRM1/CPM1/CPM1A) most recent errors al-
ways stored (older errors deleted).
1: Only first 10 (CQM1) or 7 (SRM1/CPM1/CPM1A) error records stored (no errors
stored beyond that point).
2 to F: Error records not stored.

Default: Low battery voltage and cycle time over errors detected, and error records
stored for the 10 most recent errors.

Battery errors and cycle time overrun errors are non-fatal errors.
For details on the error log, refer to Section 8 Troubleshooting.
Note The low battery error is applicable to CQM1 only. This digit isn’t used in
CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1 PCs.

1-3 Pulse Output Function (CQM1 Only)

This section explains the settings and methods for using the CQM1 pulse output
function. Refer to the CQM1 Operation Manual for details on hardware connec-
tions to output points and ports.

1-3-1 Types of Pulse Outputs

All of the CQM1 PCs can output standard pulses from an output bit and the
CQM1-CPU43-EV1 can also output standard or variable-duty-ratio pulses from
ports 1 and 2. Standard pulse outputs have a duty ratio (ton/T) of 50%. The duty
ratio for variable-duty-ratio pulse outputs can be set from 1% to 99% in 1% incre-
ments.
Note With the CQM1-CPU43-EV1, the pulse outputs described below can be output
from three ports simultaneously. Furthermore, two ports can be used for counter
inputs independent of the pulse output.
Standard Pulse Output from Standard pulses (duty ratio = 50%) can be output from an output point with a fre-
an Output Point quency from 20 Hz to 1 kHz. The I/O word is specified in the PC Setup and the bit
is specified in the pulse output instruction itself.
Refer to page 23 for more details.
Standard Pulse Output from With the CQM1-CPU43-EV1, standard pulses (duty ratio = 50%) can be output
Ports 1 and 2 from port 1 and/or 2 with a frequency from 10 Hz to 50 kHz (20 kHz max. to a
stepping motor). The pulse output can be either clockwise (CW) or counter-
clockwise (CCW) and frequency changes can be made smoothly.
PLS2(––) and mode 0 of ACC(––) cannot be used when the PC Setup
(DM 6611) is set to high-speed counter mode. CTBL(63) cannot be used with
ports 1 and 2 when the PC Setup (DM 6611) is set to pulse output mode.
Refer to page 25 for more details.

22
Pulse Output Function (CQM1 Only) Section 1-3

Variable-duty-ratio Pulse With the CQM1-CPU43-EV1, variable-duty-ratio pulses (duty ratio = 0% to 99%)
Output from Ports 1 and 2 can be output from port 1 and/or 2 with frequencies of 91.6 Hz, 1.5 kHz, or 5.9
kHz. Only one direction can be output and the pulse output will continue until
stopped with INI(61).
Refer to page 32 for more details.

1-3-2 Standard Pulse Output from an Output Point

Standard pulses can be output from a specified output bit using SPED(64).
Pulses can be output from just one bit at a time. The following diagram shows the
pulses being output from the output point of the Transistor Output Unit mounted
on a CQM1 PC. The duty ratio of the pulse output is 50% and the frequency can
be set from 20 Hz to 1 kHz.

Transistor Output Unit

t on
+ 50% (0.5)
T
ton

Note 1. A Transistor Output Unit must be used for this application.

2. Pulses cannot be output when interval timer 0 is operating.
3. When a pulse output higher than 500 Hz is being output, set the number of
high-speed timers with interrupt processing to 4 by setting DM 6629 to
0104.
When outputting pulses from an output point, the frequency can be changed in
steps by executing SPED(64) again with different frequencies, as shown in the
following diagram.
Frequency

Time

There are two ways to stop the pulse output:

1, 2, 3... 1. After executing SPED(64), the pulse output will stop if INI(61) is executed
with C=003 or SPED(64) is executed again with the frequency set to 0.
2. The total number of pulses that will be output can be set with PULS(65) be-
fore execution of SPED(64). In this case, SPED(64) must be executed in in-
dependent mode. The pulse output stops automatically when the number of
pulses set by PULS(65) have been output.
Note Refer to the sections on SPED(64) and PULS(65) for more details on these
instructions.

PC Setup Settings Before executing SPED(64) to output pulses from an Output Unit, set the PC to
PROGRAM mode and make the following settings in the PC Setup.
In DM 6615, specify the output word that will be used for SPED(64) pulse output
to Output Units. (The bit is specified in the first operand in SPED(64).)

23
Pulse Output Function (CQM1 Only) Section 1-3

The content of DM 6615 (0000 to 0011) specifies output words IR 100 to IR 111.
For example, if DM 6615 is set to 0002, pulses will be output to IR 102.
Bit 15 0
DM6615 0 0

Always 00
Output word (rightmost 2 digits, BCD): 00 to 11

Default: Pulse output to IR 100.

In the CQM1-CPU11/21-E CPUs, set direct output refreshing in DM 6639, as

shown below. (In CQM1-CPU4-EV1 CPU Units the output refresh method can
be set to either direct or cyclic.)
Bit 15 0
DM 6639 0 1

Output refresh method

01: Direct

Default: The default output refresh method is cyclic.

Continuous Pulse Output Pulses will begin to be output at the specified output bit when SPED(64) is
executed. Set the output bit from 00 to 15 (D=000 to 150) and the frequency from
20 Hz to 1000 Hz (F=0002 to 0100). Set the mode to continuous mode (M=001).
Execution condition
@SPED(64)

The pulse output can be stopped by executing INI(61) with C=003 or executing
SPED(64) again with the frequency set to 0. The frequency can be changed by
executing SPED(64) again with a different frequency setting.
Setting the Number of Pulses The total number of pulses that will be output can be set with PULS(65) before
executing SPED(64) in independent mode. The pulse output will stop automati-
cally when the number of pulses set by PULS(65) have been output.
Execution condition
@PULS(65)

000

PULS(65) sets the 8-digit number of pulses P1+1, P1. These pulses can be set
from 00000001 to 16777215. The number of pulses set with PULS(65) is ac-
cessed when SPED(64) is executed in independent mode. (The number of
pulses cannot be changed for pulses that are being output.)
Execution condition
@SPED(64)

When SPED(64) is executed, pulses will begin to be output at the specified out-
put bit (D=000 to 150: bit 00 to 15) at the specified frequency (F=0002 to 0100:
20 Hz to 1000 Hz). Set the mode to independent mode (M=001) to output the
number of pulses set with PULS(65). The frequency can be changed by execut-
ing SPED(64) again with a different frequency setting.

24
Pulse Output Function (CQM1 Only) Section 1-3

Changing the Frequency The frequency of the pulse output can be changed by executing SPED(64) again
with a different frequency setting. Use the same output bit (P) and mode (M) set-
tings that were used to start the pulse output. The new frequency can be fre-
quency 20 Hz to 1000 Hz (F=0002 to 0100).

1-3-3 Standard Pulse Output from Ports 1 and 2

With the CQM1-CPU43-EV1, standard pulses can be output from ports 1 and 2
using SPED(64), PLS2(––), or ACC(––). The pulse frequency can be set from
10 Hz to 50 kHz (20 kHz max. to a stepping motor). The pulse output can be ei-
ther clockwise (CW) or counter-clockwise (CCW) and frequency changes can
be made smoothly.

CPU Unit

t on
+ 50% (0.5)
T
ton
Port 1 CW
CCW
Port 2 CW
CCW T

Note Only the CQM1-CPU43-EV1 CPU Unit can output pulses from ports 1 and 2.
When outputting pulses from a port, the frequency can be changed smoothly or
in steps with SPED(64), PLS2(––), and ACC(––), as shown in the following dia-
gram.
Frequency

Time

There are two ways to stop the pulse output:

25
Pulse Output Function (CQM1 Only) Section 1-3

The following table shows the types of frequency changes that can be made with
combinations of PULS(65), SPED(64), INI(61), PLS2(––), and ACC(––).

Frequency change Instruction Operand settings Page

Start pulse output at the specified frequen- PULS(65) CW/CCW 27
cy. (Number of pulses)
Outputs continuously or until the specified SPED(64) Port
number of pulses have been output. Mode
(Execute PULS(65) and then SPED(64).) Frequency
Stop pulse output with an instruction. SPED(64) Port 28
(Execute SPED(64) or INI(61).) Frequency= 0
INI(61) Control word=0
Outputs a specified number of pulses. PLS2(––) Port 29
Accelerates pulse output to the target fre- CW/CCW
quency at the specified rate. Decelerates at Acceleration rate
the same rate. Target frequency
Number of pulses
Outputs a specified number of pulses. PULS(65) CW/CCW 30
Accelerates pulse output to target frequen- Number of pulses
cy 1 at the specified rate. Decelerates to Deceleration point
target frequency 2 at another rate. ACC(––) Port
(Execute PULS(65) and then ACC(––).) (Mode 0) Acceleration rate
Target frequency 1
Deceleration rate
Target frequency 2
Accelerates pulse output from the current PULS(65) CW/CCW 30
frequency to the target frequency at the
specified rate. ACC(––) Port
Pulse output will continue. (Mode 1) Acceleration rate
Target frequency
(Execute PULS(65) and then ACC(––).)
Decelerates pulse output from the current PULS(65) CW/CCW 31
frequency to the target frequency at the Number of pulses
specified rate.
Pulse output will stop when the specified ACC(––) Port
number of pulses have been output. (Mode 2) Deceleration rate
Target frequency
(Execute PULS(65) and then ACC(––).)
Decelerates pulse output from the current PULS(65) CW/CCW 31
frequency to the target frequency at the
specified rate. ACC(––) Port
Pulse output will continue. (Mode 3) Deceleration rate
Target frequency
(Execute PULS(65) and then ACC(––).)

PC Setup Settings Before outputting pulses from port 1 or 2, switch the PC to PROGRAM mode and
make the following settings in the PC Setup.
In DM 6611, specify the mode setting for ports 1 and 2.

Bit 15 0
DM 6611 0 1

Port 1 and 2 Mode Setting

0000: High-speed counter mode
0001: Pulse output mode

Default: The default mode setting is high-speed counter mode.

26
Pulse Output Function (CQM1 Only) Section 1-3

Some instructions cannot be used depending on the mode setting in DM 6611.

DM 6611 setting Affected instructions
High-speed counter mode (0000) PLS2(––) and mode 0 of ACC(––) cannot be
used.
Pulse output mode (0001) CTBL(63) cannot be used with ports 1 and 2.

The setting in DM 6611 is read only when the CQM1 is started. If this setting is
changed, be sure to turn the PC off and then on again to make the new setting
effective.
Specify standard pulse outputs in DM 6643 (port 1) and/or DM 6644 (port 2).

Bit 15 0 Bit 15 0
DM 6643 0 DM 6644 0

Port 1 pulse type setting Port 2 pulse type setting

0: Standard pulse output 0: Standard pulse output

Default: Standard pulse output Default: Standard pulse output

Variable-duty-ratio pulses cannot be output from a port if it has been set for stan-
dard pulse output in DM 6643 or DM 6644.

Example 1: The following example shows PULS(65) and SPED(64) used to control a pulse
Starting Pulse Output with output from port 1. The number of pulses specified in PULS(65) (10,000) are out-
PULS(65) and SPED(64) put as the frequency is changed by executions of SPED(64) with different fre-
quency settings.
Before executing the program make sure that DM 6611 is set to 0001 (pulse out-
put mode) and DM 6643 is set to 0000 (standard pulse setting for port 1).

05000
@PULS(65) When 05000 goes ON, PULS(65) sets port 1 for 10,000 CW
pulses.
001

000

DM 0000

@SPED(64) Starts pulse output from port 1 at 1 kHz in independent

mode.
001

000

#0100

00000
@SPED(64) When 00000 goes ON, the frequency from port 1 is
changed to 1.5 kHz.
001

000

#0150

00001
@SPED(64) When 00001 goes ON, the frequency from port 1 is
changed to 1 kHz.
001

000

#0100

00002
@SPED(64) When 00002 goes ON, the frequency from port 1 is
changed to 500 Hz.
001

000

#0050

27
Pulse Output Function (CQM1 Only) Section 1-3

The following diagram shows the frequency of pulse outputs from port 1 as the
program is executed.

Frequency

1.5 kHz
1.0 kHz
0.5 kHz

Time

05000 00000 00001 00002 10,000

goes ON goes ON goes ON goes ON pulses

! Caution Be sure that the pulse frequency is within the motor’s self-starting frequency
range when starting and stopping the motor.

Note Speed control timing will be very accurate when frequency changes are per-
formed as input interrupt processes.

Example 2: Stopping Pulse The following example shows PULS(65) and SPED(64) used to control a pulse
Output with SPED(64) output from port 1. The frequency is changed by executions of SPED(64) with
different frequency settings and finally stopped with a frequency setting of 0.

05000
@PULS(65) When 05000 goes ON, PULS(65) sets port 1 for CW pulse
output. There is no number of pulses setting.
001

004

000

@SPED(64) Starts pulse output from port 1 at 1 kHz in continuous mode.

001

#0100

00005
@SPED(64) When 00005 goes ON, the frequency from port 1 is
changed to 1.5 kHz.
001

001

#0150

00006
@SPED(64) When 00006 goes ON, the frequency from port 1 is
changed to 1 kHz.
001

001

#0100

00007
@SPED(64) When 00007 goes ON, the pulse output from port 1 is
stopped with a frequency setting of 0 Hz.
001

001

#0000

28
Pulse Output Function (CQM1 Only) Section 1-3

The following diagram shows the frequency of pulse outputs from port 1 as the
program is executed.

Frequency

1.5 kHz
1.0 kHz

Time

05000 00005 00006 00007

goes ON goes ON goes ON goes ON

! Caution Be sure that the pulse frequency is within the motor’s self-starting frequency
range when starting and stopping the motor.

Example 3: PLS2(––) The following example shows PLS2(––) used to output 100,000 CW pulses from
port 1. The frequency is accelerated to 10 kHz at approximately 500 Hz/4 ms
and decelerated at the same rate.
Five seconds after the CW pulses have been output, another PLS2(––) instruc-
tion outputs 100,000 CCW pulses with the same settings.

DM 0000 0050
DM 0001 1000
DM 0002 0000
DM 0003 0010

00000
SET 05000 05000 is turned ON when 00000 is ON.

05000
@PLS2(––) When 05000 goes ON, PLS2(––) starts CW pulse output
from port 1.
001
Acceleration rate: Approx. 500 Hz/4 ms
000 Target frequency: 10 kHz
Number of pulses: 100,000
DM 0000

AR 0514
TIM 000 A 5 s timer is started when AR 0514 (the Pulse Output Com-
pleted flag) is ON.
#0050

TIM 000
@PLS2(––) When TIM 000 times out, PLS2(––) starts CCW pulse out-
put from port 1.
001
Acceleration rate: Approx. 500 Hz/4 ms
001 Target frequency: 10 kHz
Number of pulses: 100,000
DM 0000

RSET 05000 05000 is turned OFF when TIM 000 times out.

The following diagram shows the frequency of pulse outputs from port 1 as the
program is executed.

Frequency
CW pulse output CCW pulse output
10 kHz
About 500 Hz/4 ms

Time

05000 AR 0514 After 5 s

goes ON goes ON

29
Pulse Output Function (CQM1 Only) Section 1-3

Example 4: ACC(––) Mode 0 The following example shows mode 0 of ACC(––) used to output 10,000 CW
pulses from port 1. The frequency is accelerated to 10 kHz at approximately
1 kHz/4 ms and decelerated to 1 kHz at approximately 250 Hz/4 ms. Decelera-
tion begins after 9,100 pulses have been output.

DM 0000 0000 DM 0004 0100

DM 0001 0001 DM 0005 1000
DM 0002 9100 DM 0006 0025
DM 0003 0000 DM 0007 0050

00000
@PULS(65) When 00000 goes ON, PULS(65) sets port 1 for CW pulse
output. The total number of pulses is set to 10,000 and the
001 deceleration point is set to 9,100 pulses.
002

DM 0000

@ACC(––) Starts CW pulse output from port 1.

001 Acceleration rate: Approx. 1000 Hz/4 ms

Frequency after acceleration: 10 kHz
000 Deceleration rate: Approx. 250 Hz/4 ms
Frequency after deceleration: 1 kHz
DM 0004

The following diagram shows the frequency of pulse outputs from port 1 as the
program is executed.

Frequency

10 kHz
About 250 Hz/4 ms
About 1 kHz/4 ms

1 kHz
Time

00000 9,100 10,000

goes ON pulses pulses

Example 5: ACC(––) Mode 1 The following example shows mode 1 of ACC(––) used increase the frequency
of a pulse output from port 1. The frequency is accelerated from 1 kHz to 20 kHz
at approximately 500 Hz/4 ms.

DM 0000 0050
DM 0001 2000

00000
@PULS(65) When 00000 goes ON, PULS(65) sets port 2 for CCW pulse
output. The number of pulses is not set.
002

005

000

@SPED(64) Starts 1 kHz pulse output from port 2 in continuous mode.

002

001

#0100

@ACC(––) When 00001 goes ON, ACC(––) begins accelerating the

port 2 pulse output at about 500 Hz/4 ms until it reaches the
002 target frequency of 20 kHz.
001

DM 0000

30
Pulse Output Function (CQM1 Only) Section 1-3

The following diagram shows the frequency of pulse outputs from port 2 as the
program is executed.

Frequency

20 kHz

About 500 Hz/4 ms

1 kHz Time

00000 00001
goes ON goes ON

Example 6: ACC(––) Mode 2 The following example shows mode 2 of ACC(––) used decrease the frequency
of a pulse output from port 1. The 2-kHz pulse output is already in progress in
independent mode and stops automatically when the number of pulses is
reached.

DM 0000 0050
DM 0001 0001
00000
@ACC(––) When 00000 goes ON, ACC(––) begins decelerating the
port 1 pulse output at about 500 Hz/4 ms until it reaches the
001 target frequency of 10 Hz.
002

DM 0000

The following diagram shows the frequency of pulse outputs from port 1 as the
program is executed.

Frequency

2 kHz
About 500 Hz/4 ms

1 kHz

Time

00000 Specified number

goes ON of pulses output

Note The pulse output can be stopped by executing ACC(––) mode 2 with a target
frequency of 0, but the pulse output cannot be stopped at the correct number of
pulses, so this method should not be used except for emergency stops.

Example 7: ACC(––) Mode 3 The following example shows mode 3 of ACC(––) used decrease the frequency
of a pulse output from port 1. The 20-kHz pulse output is already in progress in
continuous mode.

DM 0000 0100
DM 0001 0500
00000
@ACC(––) When 00000 goes ON, ACC(––) begins decelerating the
port 1 pulse output at about 1 kHz/4 ms until it reaches the
001 target frequency of 5 kHz.
003

DM 0000

31
Pulse Output Function (CQM1 Only) Section 1-3

The following diagram shows the frequency of pulse outputs from port 1 as the
program is executed.
Frequency

20 kHz

About 1 kHz/4 ms

5 kHz
Time

00000
goes ON

1-3-4 Variable-duty-ratio Pulse Output from Ports 1 and 2

With the CQM1-CPU43-EV1, variable-duty-ratio pulses can be output from
ports 1 and/or 2 using PWM(––). The pulse frequency can be set to 91.6 Hz, 1.5
kHz, or 5.9 kHz. This function can be used for various kinds of control outputs,
such as light intensity output or speed control output to an inverter.
CPU Unit

Frequency = 91.6 Hz,

1.5 kHz,
5.9 kHz
t on
+ 1% to 99%
T
ton
Port 1
Port 2
T

Note Only the CQM1-CPU43-EV1 CPU Unit can output pulses from ports 1 and 2.
PC Setup Settings Before outputting variable-duty-ratio pulses from port 1 or 2, switch the PC to
PROGRAM mode and make the following settings in the PC Setup.
Specify variable-duty-ratio pulse outputs in DM 6643 (port 1) and/or DM 6644
(port 2).
Bit 15 0 Bit 15 0
DM 6643 1 DM 6644 1

Port 1 pulse type setting Port 2 pulse type setting

1: Variable-duty-ratio pulse output 1: Variable-duty-ratio pulse output

Default: Standard pulse output Default: Standard pulse output

Standard pulses cannot be output from a port if it has been set for standard vari-
able-duty-ratio pulse output in DM 6643 or DM 6644.
Starting the Pulse Output Pulses will begin to be output from the specified port when PWM(––) is
executed. Specify port 1 or 2 (P=001 to 002). Set the frequency to 5.9 kHz,
1.5 kHz, or 91.6 Hz (F=000, 001, or 002). Set the duty ratio from 1% to 99%
(D=0001 to 0099, BCD).
Execution condition
@PWM(––)

32
Pulse Output Function (CQM1 Only) Section 1-3

The pulse output will continue with the specified frequency and duty ratio until
PWM(––) is executed again with different settings or INI(61) is executed to stop
pulse outputs from the specified port.
Stopping the Pulse Output The pulse output from a port can be stopped by executing INI(61) with C=003.
Specify port 1 or 2 (P=001 to 002).
Execution condition
@INI(61)

003

000

Example: Using PWM(––) The following example shows PWM(––) used to start a 1.5 kHz pulse output
from port 1 and change the duty ratio from 50% to 25%.The pulse output is then
stopped with INI(61).
Before executing the program make sure that DM 6643 is set to 1000 (variable-
duty-ratio pulse setting for port 1).
00000
@PWM(––) When 00000 goes ON, a 1.5 kHz signal is output from port
1 with a duty ratio of 50%.
001

001

#0050

00001
@PWM(––) When 00001 goes ON, the duty ratio is changed to 25%.

001

#0025

00002
@INI(61) When 00002 goes ON, INI(61) stops the pulse output from
port 1.
001

003

000

The following diagram shows the duty ratio of the pulse output from port 1 as the
program is executed.
50% duty ratio pulses 25% duty ratio pulses

00000 00001 00002

goes ON goes ON goes ON

33
Pulse Output Function (CQM1 Only) Section 1-3

1-3-5 Determining the Status of Ports 1 and 2

The status of pulse outputs (for standard or variable-duty-ratio pulses) of ports 1
and 2 can be determined either by reading the status of the relevant flags in the
SR and AR areas or by executing PRV(62).
Reading Flag Status The status of pulse outputs can be determined by reading the contents of the
words and flags shown in the following table.
Word(s) Bit(s) Function Description
SR 236 and 00 to 15 Port 1 PV Indicates the 8-digit present value of the number of pulses
SR 237 output from port 1. SR 237 contains the higher four digits.
SR 238 and 00 to 15 Port 2 PV Indicates the 8-digit present value of the number of pulses
SR 239 output from port 2. SR 239 contains the higher four digits.
AR 04 08 to 15 Pulse output status Indicates pulse output status.
00: normal
01 or 02: Hardware error
03: PC Setup error
04: Operation stopped during pulse output
AR 05 12 Port 1 Deceleration flag Indicates deceleration.
(0: Not specified; 1: Specified.)
13 Port 1 Number of Pulses flag Indicates whether the number of pulses are set.
(0: Not specified; 1: Specified.)
14 Port 1 Pulse Output Completed Indicates whether pulse output has been completed.
flag (0: Not completed; 1: Completed.)
15 Port 1 Pulse Output Status flag Indicates whether pulses are being output.
(0: No output; 1: Output in progress.)
AR 06 12 Port 2 Deceleration flag Indicates deceleration.
(0: Not specified; 1: Specified.)
13 Port 2 Number of Pulses flag Indicates whether the number of pulses are set.
(0: Not specified; 1: Specified.)
14 Port 2 Pulse Output Completed Indicates whether pulse output has been completed.
flag (0: Not completed; 1: Completed.)
15 Port 2 Pulse Output Status flag Indicates whether pulses are being output.
(0: No output; 1: Output in progress.)

Executing PRV(62) The status of pulse outputs can be determined by executing PRV(62). Specify
port 1 or 2 (P=001 to 002) and the destination word D. The port status informa-
tion will be written to bits 04 to 07 of D and bits 00 to 03 and 08 to 15 will be set to
0.
When PRV(62) is used to read the port’s status, the most recent information will
be read, so the PC’s cycle time will not be a factor.
Execution condition
@PRV(62)

001

Bits 04 through 07 of D contain the specified port’s status information.

Bit Function Description
04 Deceleration flag Indicates deceleration.
(0: Not decelerating; 1: Decelerating)
05 Number of Pulses Indicates whether the total number of pulses have
flag been specified. (0: Not specified; 1: Specified.)
06 Pulse Output Com- Indicates whether pulse output has been completed.
pleted flag (0: Not completed; 1: Completed.)
07 Pulse Output Status Indicates whether pulses are being output.
flag (0: No output; 1: Output in progress.)

34
Pulse Output Function (CPM1A Only) Section 1-4

1-4 Pulse Output Function (CPM1A Only)

The CPM1A PCs with transistor outputs have a pulse output function capable of
outputting a pulse of 20 Hz to 2 kHz (single-phase). Either IR 01000 or IR 01001
can be selected for pulse output, and the pulse output can be set to either the
continuous mode, under which the output can be stopped by an instruction, or
the independent mode, under which the output is stopped after a preset number
of pulses (1 to 16,777,215).
Refer to the CPM1A Operation Manual for details on hardware connections to
output points and ports.

Pulses are output at the specified frequency until stopped.

Continuous mode

Pulse output is stopped automatically when the specified

number of pulses has been output.

Single mode
Specified number off pulses

Stepping motor

Stepping motor
Control input

Motor
controller

CW/CCW control output

Pulse output
(single-phase output)
IR 01000 or IR 01001

Note 1. The CPM1A uses a single-phase pulse output. The control signal for the
direction of rotation (CW/CCW) for the motor driver must be written in the
program.
2. Be sure to use a CPU Unit with transistor outputs.

35
Pulse Output Function (CPM1A Only) Section 1-4

1-4-1 Programming Example in Continuous Mode

In this example program, pulse output begins from IR 01000 when input
IR 00004 turns ON, and is stopped when input IR 00005 turns ON.
SPED(64) can be used to stop pulse output. When using SPED(64) for that pur-
pose, specify #0000 (constant or word contents) as the pulse frequency.

00004 (pulse output condition)

@SPED(64) Begins pulse output.

000 Output from 01000

001 Continuous mode

#0100 Pulse frequency: 1 kHz

00005 (pulse output stop condition)
@INI(61) Stops pulse output.

000

003

000

1-4-2 Programming Example in Independent Mode

In this example program, pulse output begins from IR 01000 when input
IR 00004 turns ON, and is stopped after the specified number of pulses have
been output. The pulse amount is set in DM 0100 and DM 0101.

00004 (pulse output condition)

@PULS(65) Sets the number of pulses.

000

D0100 Pulse number setting

00004 (pulse output condition)
@SPED(64) Begins pulse output.
000

000 Single mode

#0100 Pulse frequency: 1 kHz

1-4-3 Using Pulse Output Instructions

Setting the Number of Before beginning pulse output using the independent mode use PULS(65) as
Pulses shown below to set the number of pulses to be output. This setting is not required
for the continuous mode.

@PULS(65)

000

In N, set the beginning word address of the words where the number of pulses is
set. Store the number of pulses in words N and N+1, in eight digits BCD, with the
leftmost four digits in N+1 and the rightmost four digits in N.
Make the setting within a range of 00000001 to 16777215 (BCD).

36
Pulse Output Function (CPM1A Only) Section 1-4

Beginning Pulse Output With SPED(64), set the bit location for pulse outputs (IR 01000 or IR 01001), the
output mode (independent, continuous), and the pulse frequency to begin the
pulse output.
@SPED(64)

P (3 digits BCD) 000: Outputs to IR 01000

010: Outputs to IR 01001
M (3 digits BCD) 000: Independent mode
001 Continuous mode
F (4 digits BCD) For the beginning pulse output frequency, specify a
constant or word contents. The specified value and set
frequency are as follows:
Specified value: 0002 to 0200
Set frequency: 20 to 2,000 Hz
Note 1. Pulses can be output from only one bit at a time.
2. When pulse output is begun in independent mode, the number of pulses is
read when SPED(64) is executed. PULS(65) cannot be used to change the
number of pulses while pulses are being output.

1-4-4 Changing the Frequency

To change the frequency during pulse output, change the frequency setting with
SPED(64). At that time, set the operands other than the frequency to the same
settings as at the beginning of pulse output.
@SPED(64)

P (3 digits BCD) Same as at beginning of pulse output.

M (3 digits BCD) Same as at beginning of pulse output.
F (4 digits BCD) For the changed pulse output frequency, specify a
constant or word contents. The specified value and set
frequency are as follows:
Specified value: 0002 to 0200
Set frequency: 20 to 2,000 Hz

1-4-5 Stopping Pulse Output

When pulses are output in the independent mode, the pulse output will automati-
cally stop after the number of pulses specified with PULS(65) has been output.
When pulses are output in the continuous mode, either of the following two
methods can be used to stop the pulse output.
1. Use SPED(64) to set the frequency to 0.
2. Use INI(61) to stop the pulse output.
Using SPED(64) The first method is to use SPED(64) to stop the pulse output by setting the fre-
quency to 0. For details, refer to 1-4-4 Changing the Frequency.
Using INI(61) The second method is to use INI(61) to stop the pulse output, as follows:
@INI(61)

000

003

000

37
CQM1 Interrupt Functions Section 1-5

1-5 CQM1 Interrupt Functions

This section explains the settings and methods for using the CQM1 interrupt
functions.

1-5-1 Types of Interrupts

The CQM1 has three types of interrupt processing, as outlined below.
Input interrupts:
Interrupt processing is executed when an input from an external source turns
ON one of CPU bits 00000 to 00003.
Interval timer interrupts:
Interrupt processing is executed by an interval timer with a precision of 0.1 ms.
High-speed counter interrupts:
Interrupt processing is executed according to the present value (PV) of a built-in
high-speed counter. All CQM1 CPU Units are equipped with high-speed counter
0, which counts pulse inputs to one of CPU bits 00004 to 00006. Two-phase
pulses up to 2.5 kHz can be counted.
The CQM1-CPU43/44-EV1 CPU Units can also count inputs to ports 1 and 2:
CQM1-CPU 43-EV1: High-speed counters 1 and 2 count high-speed pulse
inputs to ports 1 and 2. Two-phase pulses up to 25 kHz can be counted.
CQM1-CPU44-EV1: High-speed counters 1 and 2 count absolute rotary en-
coder codes input to ports 1 and 2.

Interrupt Processing When an interrupt is generated, the specified interrupt processing routine is
executed. Interrupts have the following priority ranking. (Input interrupt 0 has the
highest priority and high-speed counter interrupt 0 has the lowest.)

1, 2, 3... 1. Input interrupt 0 > Input interrupt 1 > Input interrupt 2 > Input interrupt 3
2. High-speed counter interrupt 1 > High-speed counter interrupt 2
3. Interval timer interrupt 0 > Interval timer interrupt 1 > Interval timer interrupt 2
(Interval timer interrupt 2 is high-speed counter interrupt 0.)
When an interrupt with a higher priority is received during interrupt processing,
the current processes will be stopped and the newly received interrupt will be
processed instead. After that routine has been completely executed, then pro-
cessing of the previous interrupt will be resumed.
When an interrupt with a lower or equal priority is received during interrupt pro-
cessing, then the newly received interrupt will be processed as soon as the rou-
tine currently being processed has been completely executed.
Just as with ordinary subroutines, interrupt processing routines are defined us-
ing SBN(92) and RET(93) at the end of the main program.
When interrupt processing routines are executed, a specified range of input bits
can be refreshed.
When an interrupt processing routine is defined, a “no SBS error” will be gener-
ated during the program check but execution will proceed normally. If this error
occurs, check all normal subroutines to be sure that SBS(91) has been pro-
grammed before proceeding.

Pulse Output Instructions With the CQM1-CPU43/44-EV1 CPU Units, the following instructions cannot be
and Interrupts executed in an interrupt subroutine when an instruction that controls pulse I/O or
high-speed counters is being executed in the main program: (25503 turns ON)
INI(61), PRV(62), CTBL(63), SPED(64), PULS(65), PWM(––), PLS2(––)
and ACC(––)

38
CQM1 Interrupt Functions Section 1-5

The following methods can be used to circumvent this limitation:

Method 1 All interrupt processing can be masked while the instruction is being executed.

@INT(89)

100

000

@PLS2(––)

001

000

DM 0010

@INT(89)

200

000

Method 2 Execute the instruction again in the main program.

This is the program section from the main program:

@PRV(62)

001

002

DM 0000

@CTBL(63)

001

000

DM 0000

RSET LR 0000

This is the program section from the interrupt subroutine:

SBN(92) 000

25313
@CTBL(63)

001

000

DM 0000

25313
LR
0000

1-5-2 Input Interrupts

The CPU Unit’s inputs allocated IR 00000 to IR 00003 can be used for interrupts
from external sources. Input interrupts 0 through 3 correspond respectively to
these bits and are always used to call the subroutines numbered 000 through
003 respectively. When input interrupts are not used, subroutine numbers 000 to
003 can be used for ordinary subroutines.

39
CQM1 Interrupt Functions Section 1-5

Processing There are two modes for processing input interrupts. The first is the Input Inter-
rupt Mode, in which the interrupt is carried out in response to an external input.
The second is the Counter Mode, in which signals from an external source are
counted at high speed, and an interrupt is carried out once for every certain num-
ber of signals.
In the Input Interrupt Mode, signals with a length of 100 s or more can be de-
tected. In the Counter Mode, signals up to 1 kHz can be counted.
PC Setup Parameters Before executing the program, make the following settings in the PC Setup in
PROGRAM mode.
Interrupt Input Settings (DM 6628)
If these settings are not made, interrupts cannot be used in the program.

Bit 15 0
DM6628

Input interrupt 3 setting

Input interrupt 2 setting
Input interrupt 1 setting
Input interrupt 0 setting
0: Normal input
1: Interrupt input

Default: All normal inputs.

Input Refresh Word Settings (DM 6630 to DM 6633)

Make these settings when it is necessary to refresh inputs.
Bit 15 0
DM 6630: Interrupt 0 DM6630 to DM 6633
DM 6631: Interrupt 1
DM 6632: Interrupt 2
DM 6633: Interrupt 3

Number of words (2 digits BCD) 00 to 08

Beginning word (2 digits BCD) 00 to 07

Default: No input refresh

Example: If DM 6630 is set to 0100, IR 000 will be refreshed when a signal is

received for interrupt 0.
Note If input refreshing is not used, input signal status within the interrupt routine will
not be reliable. This includes even the status of the interrupt input bit that acti-
vated the interrupt. For example, IR 00000 would not be ON in interrupt routine
for input interrupt 0 unless it was refreshed (in this case, the Always ON Flag,
SR 25313 could be used in place of IR 00000).

Input Interrupt Mode Use the following instructions to program input interrupts using the Input Inter-
rupt Mode.
Masking of Interrupts
With the INT(89) instruction, set or clear input interrupt masks as required.

(@)INT(89) Make the settings with the D bits 0 to 3, which correspond to

000 input interrupts 0 to 3.
0: Mask cleared. (Input interrupt permitted.)
000
1: Mask set. (Input interrupt not permitted.)
D

40
CQM1 Interrupt Functions Section 1-5

At the beginning of operation, all of the input interrupts are masked.

Clearing Masked Interrupts
If the bit corresponding to an input interrupt turns ON while masked, that input
interrupt will be saved in memory and will be executed as soon as the mask is
cleared. In order for that input interrupt not to be executed when the mask is
cleared, the interrupt must be cleared from memory.
Only one interrupt signal will be saved in memory for each interrupt number.
With the INT(89) instruction, clear the input interrupt from memory.
(@)INT(89) If D bits 0 to 3, which correspond to input interrupts 0 to 3, are
001 set to “1,” then the input interrupts will be cleared from memory.
0: Input interrupt retained.
000
1: Input interrupt cleared.
D

Reading Mask Status

With the INT(89) instruction, read the input interrupt mask status.
(@)INT(89) The status of the rightmost digit of the data stored in word D (bits
002 0 to 3) show the mask status.
0: Mask cleared. (Input interrupt permitted.)
000
1: Mask set. (Input interrupt not permitted.)
D

Counter Mode Use the following steps to program input interrupts using the Input Interrupt
Mode.
Note The SR words used in the Counter Mode (SR 244 to SR 251) all contain binary
(hexadecimal) data (not BCD).
1, 2, 3... 1. Write the set values for counter operation to SR words correspond to inter-
rupts 0 to 3. The set values are written between 0000 and FFFF (0 to
65,535). A value of 0000 will disable the count operation until a new value is
set and step 2, below, is repeated.
Note These SR bits are cleared at the beginning of operation, and must be
written from the program.
That maximum input signal that can be counted is 1 kHz.
Interrupt Word
Input interrupt 0 SR 244
Input interrupt 1 SR 245
Input interrupt 2 SR 246
Input interrupt 3 SR 247
If the Counter Mode is not used, these SR bits can be used as work bits.
2. With the INT(89) instruction, refresh the Counter Mode set value and enable
interrupts.
(@)INT(89) If D bits 0 to 3, which correspond to input interrupts 0 to 3,
003
are set to “0,” then the set value will be refreshed and inter-
rupts will be permitted.
000 0: Counter mode set value refreshed and mask cleared.
D 1: Nothing happens. (Set to 1 the bits for all interrupts
that are not being changed.)

The input interrupt for which the set value is refreshed will be enabled in Counter
Mode. When the counter reaches the set value, an interrupt will occur, the count-
er will be reset, and counting/interrupts will continue until the counter is stopped.
Note 1. If the INT(89) instruction is used during counting, the present value (PV) will
return to the set value (SV). You must, therefore, use the differentiated form
of the instruction or an interrupt may never occur.

41
CQM1 Interrupt Functions Section 1-5

2. The set value will be set when the INT(89) instruction is executed. If inter-
rupts are already in operation, then the set value will not be changed just by
changing the content of SR 244 to SR 247, i.e., if the contents is changed,
the set value must be refreshed by executing the INT(89) instruction again.
Interrupts can be masked using the same process as for the Input Interrupt
Mode, but is masked are cleared using the same process, the Counter Mode will
not be maintained and the Input Interrupt Mode will be used instead. Interrupt
signals received for masked interrupts can also be cleared using the same pro-
cess as for the Input Interrupt Mode.
Counter PV in Counter Mode
When input interrupts are used in Counter Mode, the counter PV will be stored in
the SR word corresponding to input interrupts 0 to 3. Values are 0000 to FFFE (0
to 65,534) and will equal the counter PV minus one.
Interrupt Word
Input interrupt 0 SR 248
Input interrupt 1 SR 249
Input interrupt 2 SR 250
Input interrupt 3 SR 251
Example: The present value for an interrupt whose set value is 000A will be re-
corded as 0009 immediately after INT(89) is executed.
Note Even if input interrupts are not used in Counter Mode, these SR bits cannot be
used as work bits.

42
CQM1 Interrupt Functions Section 1-5

Application Example In this example, input interrupt 0 is used in Input Interrupt Mode and input inter-
rupt 1 is used in Counter Mode. Before executing the program, check to be sure
the PC Setup.
PC Setup: DM 6628: 0011 (IR 00000 and IR 00001 used for input interrupts) The
default settings are used for all other PC Setup parameters. (Inputs are not re-
freshed at the time of interrupt processing.)

25315 (ON for 1 scan)

MOV(21) Sets 10 as the counter mode SV for input interrupt 1.
#000A
245

00100
(@)INT(89) When IR 00100 turns ON:
001 Masked interrupts for input interrupts 0 and 1 are cleared.
000

#0003

(@)INT(89) Interrupts are enabled in input interrupt mode for interrupt 0.

000
000

#000E

(@)INT(89) Interrupts are enabled in counter mode for interrupt 1.

003 (SV: 10 )
000

#000D

BCD (24)
249 The contents of SR 249 (PV – 1) are converted to BCD
D0000 and stored in DM 0000.

INC(38)
The content to DM 0000 is incremented to the PC.
D0000
00100
(@)INT(89)
000
When IR 00100 turns OFF, input interrupts 0 and 1 are
000 masked and interrupts are prohibited.
#000F

SBN(92) 000
25313 (Always ON)
ADB(50)
245
#000A

245
When the Input interrupt is executed for interrupt 0, sub-
routine 000 is called and the counter mode is refreshed
INT(89) with the SV for input interrupt 1 with 10 added (SV = 20)
003
000

#000D

RET(93)

When the count is reached for the input interrupt 1

SBN(92) 001
counter, subroutine 001 is called and the interrupt pro-
cessing routine is executed.
RET(93)

43
CQM1 Interrupt Functions Section 1-5

When the program is executed, operation will be as shown in the following dia-
gram.

00000

Subroutine 000
10 counts 10 counts 20 counts
00001

Subroutine 001
(see note 1) (see note 1)

00100

(see note 2)

Note 1. The counter will continue operating even while the interrupt routine is being
executed.
2. The input interrupt will remained masked.

1-5-3 Masking All Interrupts

All interrupts, including input interrupts, interval timer interrupts, and high-speed
counter interrupts, can be masked and unmasked as a group by means of the
INT(89) instruction. The mask is in addition to any masks on the individual types
of interrupts. Furthermore, clearing the masks for all interrupts does not clear the
masks on the individual types of interrupts, but restores them to the masked
conditions that existed before INT(89) was executed to mask them as a group.
Do not use INT(89) to mask interrupts unless it is necessary to temporarily mask
all interrupts and always use INT(89) instructions in pairs to do so, using the first
INT(89) instruction to mask and the second one to unmask interrupts.
INT(89) cannot be used to mask and unmask all interrupts from within interrupt
routines.
Masking Interrupts Use the INT(89) instruction to disable all interrupts.

(@)INT(89)
100
000

000

If an interrupt is generated while interrupts are masked, interrupt processing will

not be executed but the interrupt will be recorded for the input, interval timer, and
high-speed counter interrupts. The interrupts will then be serviced as soon as
interrupts are unmasked.
Unmasking Interrupts Use the INT(89) instruction to unmask interrupts as follows:

(@)INT(89)
200
000

000

1-5-4 Interval Timer Interrupts

High-speed, high-precision timer interrupt processing can be executed using in-
terval timers. The CQM1 provides three interval timers, numbered from 0 to 2.
Note 1. Interval timer 0 cannot be used when pulses are being output to Output
Units by means of the SPED(64) instruction.
2. Interval timer 2 cannot be used at the same time as the high-speed counter.

44
CQM1 Interrupt Functions Section 1-5

Processing There are two modes for interval timer operation, the One-shot Mode, in which
only one interrupt will be executed when time expires, and the Scheduled Inter-
rupt Mode in which the interrupt is repeated at a fixed interval.
PC Setup When using interval timer interrupts, make the following settings in the PC Setup
in PROGRAM mode before executing the program.
Input Refresh Word Settings (DM 6636 to DM 6638)
Make these settings when it is necessary to refresh inputs.
Bit 15 0

DM 6636: Timer 0 DM6636 to DM 6638

DM 6637: Timer 1
DM 6638: Timer 2

Number of words (2 digits BCD) 00 to 12

Beginning word no. (2 digits BCD) 00 to 11

Default: No input refresh

High-speed Counter Settings (DM 6642)

When using interval timer 2, check before beginning operation to be sure that the
high-speed counter (PC Setup: DM 6642) is set to the default setting (0000:
High-speed counter not used).
Operation Use the following instruction to activate and control the interval timer.
Starting Up in One-Shot Mode
Use the STIM(69) instruction to start the interval timer in the one-shot mode.
(@)STIM(69) C1: Interval timer no.
C1 Interval timer 0: 000
Interval timer 1: 001
C2
Interval timer 2: 002
C3
C2: Timer set value (first word address)
C3: Subroutine no. (4 digits BCD): 0000 to 0255

C2: Decrementing counter set value (4 digits BCD): 0000 to 9999

C2 + 1: Decrementing time interval (4 digits BCD; unit: 0.1 ms): 0005 to 0320
(0.5 ms to 32 ms)
Each time that the interval specified in word C2 + 1 elapses, the decrementing
counter will decrement the present value by one. When the PV reaches 0, the
designated subroutine will be called just once and the timer will stop.
The time from when the STIM(69) instruction is executed until time elapses is
calculated as follows:
(Contents of word C2) x (Contents of word C2 + 1) x 0.1 ms = (0.5 to 319,968 ms)
If a constant is set for C2, then the set value of the decrementing counter will take
that value and the decrementing time interval will be 10 (1 ms). (The set value is
expressed in ms.)
Starting Up in Scheduled Interrupt Mode
Use the STIM(69) instruction to start the interval timer in the scheduled interrupt
mode.
(@)STIM(69) C1: Interval timer no. + 3
C1 Interval timer 0: 003
Interval timer 1: 004
C2
Interval timer 2: 005
C3
C2: Timer set value (leading word no.)
C3: Subroutine no. (4 digits BCD): 0000 to 0255

C2: Decrementing counter set value (4 digits BCD): 0000 to 9999

C2 + 1: Decrementing time interval (4 digits BCD; unit: 0.1 ms): 0005 to 0320
(0.5 ms to 32 ms)

45
CQM1 Interrupt Functions Section 1-5

The meanings of the settings are the same as for the one-shot mode, but in the
scheduled interrupt mode the timer PV will be reset to the set value and decre-
menting will begin again after the subroutine has been called. In the scheduled
interrupt mode, interrupts will continue to be repeated at fixed intervals until the
operation is stopped.
Note CQM1-CPU11-E/CPU21-E support subroutine numbers 0000 to 0127 only.
Reading the Timer’s Elapsed Time
Use the STIM(69) instruction to read the timer’s elapsed time.

(@)STIM(69) C1: Interval timer no. + 6

C1 Interval timer 0: 006
Interval timer 1: 007
C2
Interval timer 2: 008
C3
C2: Leading word of parameter 1
C3: Parameter 2

C2: Number of times the decrementing counter has ben decremented (4 digits
BCD)
C2 + 1: Decrementing counter time interval (4 digits BCD; unit: 0.1 ms)
C3: Elapsed time from previous decrement (4 digits BCD; unit: 0.1 ms)
The time from when the interval timer is started until the execution of this instruc-
tion is calculated as follows:
{(Contents of word C2) x (Contents of word C2 + 1) + (Contents of word C3)} x 0.1 ms
If the specified interval timer is stopped, then “0000” will be stored.
Stopping Timers
Use the STIM(69) instruction to stop the interval timer.

(@)STIM(69)
C1
C1: Interval timer no. + 10
000 Interval timer 0: 010
000 Interval timer 1: 011
Interval timer 2: 012

The specified interval timer will stop.

46
CQM1 Interrupt Functions Section 1-5

Application Example In this example, an interrupt is executed every 2.4 ms (0.6 ms x 4) by means of
interval timer 1. Assume the default settings for all of the PC Setup. (Inputs are
not refreshed for interrupt processing.)

25315 First Cycle Flag Interval timer set values:

ON for 1 cycle
MOV(21)
Sets 4 for the decrementing counter
#0004
set value.
DM 0010

MOV(21) Sets 0.6 ms for the decrementing time inter-

#0006 val.
DM 0011
00100
@STIM(69) Interval timer 1 starts when IR 00100 turns ON.
004
DM 0010

#0023
00100
@STIM(69) Interval timer 1 stops when IR 00100 turns
011 OFF.
000

000

SBN(92) 023
Every 2.4 ms the count is reached for interval
timer 1, and subroutine 023 is called.
RET(93)

When the program is executed, subroutine 023 will be executed every 2.4 ms
while IR 00100 is ON.

IR 00100
2.4 ms 2.4 ms 2.4 ms

Subroutine 023

1-5-5 High-speed Counter 0 Interrupts

Pulse signals from a pulse encoder to CPU bits 00004 through 00006 can be
counted at high speed, and interrupt processing can be executed according to
the count.

Processing
Input Signal Types and Two types of signals can be input from a pulse encoder. The count mode used for
Count Modes high-speed counter 0 will depend on the signal type.
Up/Down Mode: A phase-difference 4X two-phase signal (A-phase and B-
phase) and a Z-phase signal are used for inputs. The
count is incremented or decremented according to differ-
ences in the 2-phase signals.

47
CQM1 Interrupt Functions Section 1-5

Incrementing mode: One single-phase pulse signal and a count reset signal
are used for inputs. The count is incremented according to
the single-phase signal.
Incrementing Mode
Up/Down Mode

A-phase Pulse
input

B-phase

Count 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 –1 –2 Count 1 2 3 4

Incremented Decremented Incremented only

Note One of the methods in the following section should always be used to reset the
counter when restarting it. The counter will be automatically reset when program
execution is started or stopped.
The following signal transitions are handled as forward (incrementing) pulses:
A-phase leading edge to B-phase leading edge to A-phase trailing edge to B-
phase trailing edge. The following signal transitions are handled as reverse
(decrementing) pulses: B-phase leading edge to A-phase leading edge to B-
phase trailing edge to A-phase trailing edge.
The count range is from –32,767 to 32,767 for Up/Down Mode, and from 0 to
65,535 for Incrementing Mode. Pulse signals can be counted at up to 2.5 kHz in
Up/Down Mode, and up to 5.0 kHz in Incrementing Mode.
The Up/Down Mode always uses a 4X phase-difference input. The number of
counts for each encoder revolution would be 4 times the resolution of the count-
er. Select the encoder based on the countable ranges.
Reset Methods
Either of the two methods described below may be selected for resetting the PV
of the count (i.e., setting it to 0).
Z-phase signal + software reset: The PV is reset when the Z-phase signal (re-
set input) turns ON after the High-speed
Counter 0 Reset Bit (SR 25200) is turned
ON.
Software reset: The PV is reset when the High-speed Counter 0 Reset Bit
(SR 25200) is turned ON.
Z-phase signal + software reset Software reset
1 or more cycles

Z-phase 1 or more cycles

(reset input)

SR25200 SR25200
1 or more cycles Within 1 cycle Within 1 cycle
Reset by interrupt. Reset by cycle. Not reset. Reset by cycle.

Note The High-speed Counter 0 Reset Bit (SR 25200) is refreshed once every cycle,
so in order for it to be read reliably it must be ON for at least one cycle.
The “Z” in “Z-phase” is an abbreviation for “Zero.” It is a signal that shows that the
encoder has completed one cycle.

48
CQM1 Interrupt Functions Section 1-5

High-speed Counter Interrupt Count

For high-speed counter 0 interrupts, a comparison table is used instead of a
“count up.” The count check can be carried out by either of the two methods de-
scribed below. In the comparison table, comparison conditions (for comparing to
the PV) and interrupt routine combinations are saved.
Target value: A maximum of 16 comparison conditions (target
values and count directions) and interrupt routine
combinations are saved in the comparison table.
When the counter PV and the count direction match
the comparison conditions, then the specified inter-
rupt routine is executed.
Range comparison: Eight comparison conditions (upper and lower lim-
its) and interrupt routine combinations are saved in
the comparison table. When the PV is greater than
or equal to the lower limit and less than or equal to
the upper limit, then the specified interrupt routine
is executed.
Target Value The current count is compared to the target values in the order that target values
Comparisons are set in the comparison table and interrupts are generated as the count equals
each target value. Once the count has equaled all of the target values in the
table, the target value is set to the first target value in the table, which is again
compared to the current counted until the two values are equal.

Count
Interrupts
Comparison Table
Target value 1
Target value 2
Target value 3
Target value 4
Target value 5

Initial value
Target value
1 2 3 4 5

Range Comparisons The current count is compared in cyclic fashion to all of the ranges at the same
time and interrupts are generated based on the results of the comparisons.

Comparison Table
0 Rage setting 1
Count Rage setting 2
Rage setting 3
1 3 Rage setting 4
2 4

Note When performing target value comparisons, do not repeatedly use the INI in-
struction to change the current value of the count and start the comparison op-
eration. The interrupt operation may not work correctly if the comparison opera-
tion is started immediately after changing the current value from the program.
(The comparison operation will automatically return to the first target value once
an interrupt has been generated for the last target value. Repetitious operation
is thus possible merely by changing the current value.)

Wiring Depending on the count mode, the input signals from the pulse encoder to the
CPU Unit’s input terminal are as shown below.

49
CQM1 Interrupt Functions Section 1-5

Terminal no. Up/Down Mode Incrementing Mode

4 Encoder A-phase Pulse count input
5 Encoder B-phase ---
6 Encoder Z-phase Reset input
If only the software reset is to be used, terminal 6 can be used as an ordinary
input. When in Incrementing Mode, terminal 5 can be used as an ordinary input.
PC Setup When using high-speed counter 0 interrupts, make the settings in PROGRAM
mode shown below before executing the program.
Input Refresh Word Settings (DM 6638)
Make these settings when it is necessary to refresh inputs. The setting is the
same as that for interval timer 2.
Bit 15 0
DM6638

Number of words (2 digits BCD) 00 to 12

Beginning word no. (2 digits BCD) 00 to 11

Default: No input refresh

High-speed Counter 0 Settings (DM 6642)

If these settings are not made, high-speed counter 0 cannot be used in the pro-
gram.
Bit 15 0
DM6642 0 1

High-speed counter 0 used.

Reset method
0: Z-phase and software reset
1: Software reset
Count mode
0: Up/Down Mode
4: Incrementing Mode

Default: High-speed counter 0 not used.

Changes in the setting in DM 6642 are effective only when power is turned on or
PC program execution is started.
Programming Use the following steps to program high-speed counter 0.
High-speed counter 0 begins the counting operation when the proper PC Setup
settings are made, but comparisons will not be made with the comparison table
and interrupts will not be generated unless the CTBL(63) instruction is executed.
High-speed counter 0 is reset to “0” when power is turned ON and when opera-
tion begins.
The present value of high-speed counter 0 is maintained in SR 230 and SR 231.
Controlling High-speed Counter 0 Interrupts
1, 2, 3... 1. Use the CTBL(63) instruction to save the comparison table in the CQM1 and
begin comparisons.
(@)CTBL(63)
P C: (3 digits BCD)
000: Target table set and comparison begun
C
001: Range table set and comparison begun
TB 002: Target table set only
003: Range table set only
TB: Beginning word of comparison table

50
CQM1 Interrupt Functions Section 1-5

If C is set to 000, then comparisons will be made by the target matching method;
if 001, then they will be made by the range comparison method. The comparison
table will be saved, and, when the save operation is complete, then comparisons
will begin. While comparisons are being executed, high-speed interrupts will be
executed according to the comparison table. For details on the contents of the
comparison tables that are saved, refer to the explanation of the CTBL(63)
instruction in Section 5 Instruction Set.
Note The comparison results are normally stored in AR 1100 through AR 1107 while
the range comparison is being executed.
If C is set to 002, then comparisons will be made by the target matching method;
if 003, then they will be made by the range comparison method. For either of
these settings, the comparison table will be saved, but comparisons will not be-
gin, and the INI(61) instruction must be used to begin comparisons.
2. To stop comparisons, execute the INI(61) instruction as shown below.

(@)INI(61)
000
001

000

To start comparisons again, set the second operand to “000” (execute compari-
son), and execute the INI(61) instruction.
Once a table has been saved, it will be retained in the CQM1 during operation
(i.e., during program execution) as long as no other table is saved.
Reading the PV
There are two ways to read the PV. The first is to read it from SR 230 and SR 231,
and the second to use the PRV(62) instruction.
Reading SR 230 and SR 231
The PV of high-speed counter 0 is stored in SR 230 and SR 231 as shown below.
The leftmost bit will be F for negative values.
Leftmost 4 digits Rightmost 4 digits Up/Down Mode Incrementing Mode

SR 231 SR 230 F0032767 to 00032767 00000000 to 00065535

(–32767)

Note These words are refreshed only once every cycle, so there may be a difference
from the actual PV.
When high-speed counter 0 is not being used, the bits in these words can be
used as work bits.
Using the PRV(62) Instruction
Read the PV of high-speed counter 0 by using the PRV(62) instruction.

(@)PRV(62)
P1: Leading word of PV
000
000

The PV of high-speed counter 0 is stored as shown below. The leftmost bit will be
F for negative values.
Leftmost 4 digits Rightmost 4 digits Up/Down Mode Incrementing Mode

P1+1 P1 F0032767 to 00032767 00000000 to 00065535

(–32767)

The PV is read when the PRV(62) instruction is actually executed.

51
CQM1 Interrupt Functions Section 1-5

Changing the PV
There are two ways to change the PV of high-speed counter 0. The first way is to
reset it by using the reset methods. (In this case the PV is reset to 0.) The second
way is to use the INI(61) instruction.
The method using the INI(61) instruction is explained here. For an explanation of
the reset method, refer to the beginning of this description of high-speed counter
0.
Change the timer PV by using the INI(61) instruction as shown below.

(@)INI(61) D: Leading word for storing PV change data

000
002

Leftmost 4 digits Rightmost 4 digits Up/Down Mode Incrementing Mode

D+1 D F0032767 to 00032767 00000000 to 00065535

To specify a negative number, set F in the leftmost digit.

Operation Example This example shows a program for using high-speed counter 0 in the Increment-
ing Mode, making comparisons by means of the target matching method, and
changing the frequency of pulse outputs according to the counter’s PV. Before
executing the program, set the PC Setup as follows:
DM 6642: 0114 (High-speed counter 0 used with software reset and Increment-
ing Mode). For all other PC Setup, use the default settings. (Inputs are not re-
freshed at the time of interrupt processing, and pulse outputs are executed for IR
100.)

52
CQM1 Interrupt Functions Section 1-5

In addition, the following data is stored for the comparison table:

DM 0000 0002 Number of comparison conditions: 2
DM 0001 1000 Target value 1: 1000
DM 0002 0000
DM 0003 0101 Comparison 1 interrupt processing routine no.: 101
DM 0004 2000 Target value 1: 2000
DM 0005 0000
DM 0006 0102 Comparison 2 interrupt processing routine no.: 102

25315 (ON for 1 scan)

CTBL(63)
000
Saves the comparison table in target matching format,
and begins comparing.
000

DM 0000

SPED(64)
020
Begins continuous pulse output to IR10002 at 500 Hz.
001

#0050

SBN(92) 101
25313 (Always ON)
SPED(64)
020 When the high-speed counter value reaches 1000, subroutine
101 is called and the frequency of the pulse output is changed to
001
200 Hz.
#0020

RET(93)

SBN(92) 102
25313 (Always ON)
SPED(64)
When the high-speed counter value reaches 2000, subroutine 102
020
is called and the pulse output is stopped by setting the frequency
001 to 0.
#0000

RET(93)

When the program is executed, operation will be as follows:

Pulse frequency (Hz)

500

200

Time elapsed (s)

0 2 7

1-5-6 High-speed Counter 0 Overflows/Underflows

If the allowable counting range for high-speed counter 0 is exceeded, and un-
derflow or overflow status will occur and the counter’s PV will remain at
0FFF FFFF for overflows and FFFF FFFF for underflows until the overflow/un-
derflow status is cleared by resetting the counter. The allowable counting ranges
are as follows:
Up/Down Mode: F003 2767 to 0003 2767
Incrementing Mode: 0000 0000 to 0006 5535

53
CQM1 Interrupt Functions Section 1-5

Note 1. The values given above are theoretical and assume a reasonably short
cycle time. The values will actually be those that existed one cycle before the
overflow/underflow existed.
2. The 6th and 7th digits of high-speed counter 0’s PV are normally 00, but can
be used as “Overflow/Underflow Flags” by detecting values beyond the al-
lowable counting ranges.
High-speed counter 0 can be reset as described in the previous section or it can
be reset automatically by restarting program execution. High-speed counter 0
and related operations will not function normally until the overflow/underflow
status is cleared. Operations during overflow/underflow status will be as follows.
• Comparison table operation will stop.
• The comparison table will not be cleared.
• Interrupt routines for the high-speed counter will not be executed.
• CTBL(63) can be used only to register the comparison table. If an attempt is
made to start comparison table operation, operation will not start and the com-
parison table will not be registered.
• INI(61) cannot be used to start or stop comparison table operation or to change
the present value.
• PRV(62) will read out only 0FFF FFFF or FFFF FFFF as the present value.

Recovery Use the following procedure to recover from overflow/underflow status.

With Comparison Table Registered

1, 2, 3... 1. Reset the counter.

2. Set the PV with PRV(62) if necessary.
3. Set the comparison table with CTBL(63) if necessary
4. Start comparison table operation with INI(61).
Without Comparison Table Registered

1, 2, 3... 1. Reset the counter.

2. Set the PV with PRV(62) if necessary.
3. Set the comparison table and start operation with CTBL(63) and INI(61).

Note The range comparison results in AR 11 will remain after recovery. The interrupt
routine for a interrupt condition meet immediately after recovery will not be
executed if the interrupt condition was already met before the overflow/under-
flow status occurred. If interrupt routine execution is necessary, clear AR 11 be-
fore proceeding.

Reset Operation When high-speed counter 0 is reset, the PV will be set to 0, counting will begin
from 0, and the comparison table, execution status, and execution results will be
maintained.

Startup Counter Status When high-speed counter 0 is started, the counter mode in the PC Setup will be
read and used, the PV will be set to 0, overflow/underflow status will be cleared,
the comparison table registration and execution status will be cleared, and
range execution results will be cleared. (Range execution results are always
cleared when operation is begun or when the comparison table is registered.)

Stopped Counter Status When high-speed counter 0 is stopped, the PV will be maintained, the compari-
son table registration and execution status will be cleared, and range execution
results will be maintained.

54
CQM1 Interrupt Functions Section 1-5

1-5-7 High-speed Counter 1 and 2 Interrupts (CQM1-CPU43-EV1)

Pulse signals from a pulse encoder to ports 1 and 2 of the CQM1-CPU43-EV1
can be counted at high speed, and interrupt processing can be executed accord-
ing to the count.
The 2 ports can be operated separately. The counter for port 1 is called high-
speed counter 1 and the counter for port 2 is called high-speed counter 2. This
section describes how to use high-speed counters 1 and 2. Refer to the CQM1
Operation Manual for hardware information such as equipment and wiring spec-
ifications.
Note 1. High-speed counters 1 and 2 can be used with the CQM1-CPU43-E/-EV1
only.
2. Some instructions cannot be used when the PC Setup (DM 6611) is set to
high-speed counter mode.
DM 6611 setting Affected instructions
High-speed counter mode PLS2(––) and mode 0 of ACC(––) cannot be used.
(0000)
Pulse output mode (0001) CTBL(63) cannot be used with ports 1 and 2.

Processing Input Signals and Count Modes

Three types of signals can be input to ports 1 and 2. The count modes used for
high-speed counters 1 and 2 are set in DM 6643 and DM 6644 respectively.
1, 2, 3... 1. Differential Phase Mode (Counting Rate = 25 kHz):
A phase-difference 4X two-phase signal (A-phase and B-phase) and a Z-
phase signal are used for inputs. The count is incremented or decremented
according to differences in the 2-phase signals. This mode is identical to
high-speed counter 0’s up/down mode.
2. Pulse/Direction Mode (Counting Rate = 50 kHz):
The A-phase is the direction signal and the B-phase is the count pulse. The
counter increments when the A-phase signal is OFF and decrements when
it is ON.
3. Up/Down Mode (Counting Rate = 50 kHz):
The A-phase is the decrementing signal and the B-phase is the increment-
ing signal. The counter decrements when an A-phase pulse is detected and
increments when a B-phase pulse is detected.
Differential Phase Mode Pulse/Direction Mode Up/Down Mode

A-phase A-phase A-phase

(Direction) (Down)

B-phase B-phase B-phase

(Pulse) (Up)

Count 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 Count 1 2 3 2 1 Count 1 2 3 2 1

Incremented Decremented Incremented Decremented Incremented Decremented

Counting Modes
The counting modes (ring mode or linear mode) for high-speed counters 1 and 2
are specified in DM 6643 and DM 6644 respectively.
1, 2, 3... 1. Ring Mode:
In ring mode, the maximum count value +1 is set in CTBL(63). The counter
will go from the maximum count value to 0 when incrementing, and from 0 to
the maximum count value when decrementing. There are no negative val-
ues.

55
CQM1 Interrupt Functions Section 1-5

The number of points on the ring (maximum count value +1) can be set from
1 to 65,000.
2. Linear Mode:
The counting range in linear mode is –8,388,607 to 8,388,607. If the allow-
able counting range for high-speed counter 1 or 2 is exceeded, an underflow
or overflow status will occur and the counter’s PV will remain at 0838 8607
for overflows and F838 8607 for underflows, counting or comparison will be
stopped, and AR 0509 (port 1) or AR 0609 (port 2) will be turned ON.
Ring Mode Linear Mode

Max. count value 0

–8.388,607 0 8.388,607
Decrement Increment
Underflow Overflow

Note 1. One of the methods in the following section should always be used to reset
the counter when restarting it. The counter will be automatically reset when
program execution is started or stopped.
2. The following signal transitions are handled as forward (incrementing)
pulses: A-phase leading edge to B-phase leading edge to A-phase trailing
edge to B-phase trailing edge. The following signal transitions are handled
as reverse (decrementing) pulses: B-phase leading edge to A-phase lead-
ing edge to B-phase trailing edge to A-phase trailing edge.
Reset Methods
Either the Z-phase signal + software reset or software reset may be selected for
resetting the PV of the count (i.e., setting it to 0). These resets operate the same
as they do for high-speed counter 0. Refer to page 48 for details.
Note 1. The reset bits for high-speed counters 1 and 2 (SR 25201 and SR 25202)
are refreshed once every cycle. Make sure that a reset bit is ON for at least
one full cycle so it can be read reliably.
2. The comparison table, execution status, and range comparison results will
be retained through a reset. (A comparison will be continued after a reset is
performed.)
High-speed Counter Interrupt Count
The comparison tables used for high-speed counters 1 and 2 are just like the one
used for high-speed counter 0. Refer to page 49 for details.
PC Setup When using high-speed counter 1 and/or 2 interrupts, make the settings in PRO-
GRAM mode shown below before executing the program.
Port 1 and 2 Mode Setting (DM 6611)
Specify high-speed counter mode for ports 1 and 2. If high-speed counter mode
is not specified, CTBL(63) cannot be used to make count comparisons.
This setting is read when the PC is turned ON. If it is changed, the PC must be
turned off and then on again before executing the program.
Bit 15 0
DM 6611 0 0 0 0

Port 1 and 2 Mode Setting

0000: High-speed counter mode

Default: The default mode setting is high-speed counter mode.

56
CQM1 Interrupt Functions Section 1-5

Note If DM 6611 is set to pulse output mode, another comparison instruction such as
BCMP(68) can be used to compare the PV of high-speed counters 1 and 2.
Input Refresh Word Settings (DM 6634 and DM 6635)
DM 6634 contains the input refresh word settings for high-speed counter 1, and
DM 6635 contains the settings for high-speed counter 2. Make these settings
when it is necessary to refresh inputs.
Bit 15 0
DM 6634/DM 6635

Number of words (2 digits BCD) 00 to 12

Beginning word no. (2 digits BCD) 00 to 11

Default: No input refresh

High-speed Counter 1 and 2 Settings (DM 6643 and DM 6644)

DM 6643 contains the settings for high-speed counter 1, and DM 6644 contains
the settings for high-speed counter 2. These settings determine the operating
parameters for these high-speed counters.
Bit 15 0
DM6643/DM 6644 –

Counting mode
0: Linear mode
1: Ring mode
Reset method
0: Z-phase and software reset
1: Software reset
Count mode
0: Differential Phase Mode
1: Pulse/Direction Mode
2: Up/Down Mode

Defaults: Linear Mode, Z-phase and software reset, Differential Phase Mode

Programming Use the following steps to program high-speed counters 1 and 2.

High-speed counters 1 and 2 begin counting when the proper PC Setup settings
are made, but comparisons will not be made with the comparison table and inter-
rupts will not be generated unless the CTBL(63) instruction is executed.
High-speed counters 1 and 2 are reset to “0” when power is turned ON, when
operation begins, and when operation stops.
The present value of high-speed counter 1 is maintained in SR 232 and SR 233
and the present value of high-speed counter 2 is maintained in SR 234 and
SR 235.
Controlling High-speed Counter 1 and 2 Interrupts
1, 2, 3... 1. Use the CTBL(63) instruction to save the comparison table in the CQM1 and
begin comparisons.

(@)CTBL(63)
P P: Port
001: Port 1
C
002: Port 2
TB
C: (3 digits BCD)
000: Target table set and comparison begun
001: Range table set and comparison begun
002: Target table set only
003: Range table set only
TB: Beginning word of comparison table

57
CQM1 Interrupt Functions Section 1-5

If C is set to 000, then comparisons will be made by the target matching

method; if 001, then they will be made by the range comparison method.
The comparison table will be saved, and, when the save operation is com-
plete, then comparisons will begin. While comparisons are being executed,
high-speed interrupts will be executed according to the comparison table.
For details on the contents of the comparison tables that are saved, refer to
the explanation of the CTBL(63) instruction in Section 5 Instruction Set.
Note The comparison results are normally stored in AR 1100 through
AR 1107 while the range comparison is being executed.
If C is set to 002, then comparisons will be made by the target matching
method; if 003, then they will be made by the range comparison method. For
either of these settings, the comparison table will be saved, but compari-
sons will not begin, and the INI(61) instruction must be used to begin com-
parisons.
2. To stop comparisons, execute the INI(61) instruction as shown below. Spec-
ify port 1 or 2 in P (P=001 or 002).

(@)INI(61)
P
001

000

To start comparisons again, set the second operand to “000” (execute com-
parison), and execute the INI(61) instruction.
Once a table has been saved, it will be retained in the CQM1 during opera-
tion (i.e., during program execution) as long as no other table is saved.
Reading the PV
There are two ways to read the PV. The first is to read it from SR 232 and SR 233
(port 1) or SR 234 and SR 235 (port 2), and the second is to use PRV(62).
Reading SR 232 and SR 233 or SR 234 and SR 235
The PV of high-speed counter 1 is stored in SR 232 and SR 233, and the PV of
high-speed counter 2 is stored in SR 234 and SR 235 as shown below. In linear
mode, the leftmost digit will be F for negative values.
Leftmost 4 digits Rightmost 4 digits Linear Mode Ring Mode

Port 1: SR 233 SR 232 F8388607 to 08388607 00000000 to 0006499

(–8,388,607 to 8,388,607)
Port 2: SR 235 SR 234

Note These words are refreshed only once every cycle, so there may be a difference
from the actual PV.
Using the PRV(62) Instruction
Read the PV of high-speed counter 0 by using the PRV(62) instruction. Specify
high-speed counter 1 or 2 in P (P=001 or 002).

(@)PRV(62)
P: Port (001: port 1; 002: port 2)
P
P1: Leading word of PV
000

The PV of the specified high-speed counter is stored as shown below. In linear

mode, the leftmost bit will be F for negative values.
Leftmost 4 digits Rightmost 4 digits Linear Mode Ring Mode

D+1 D F8388607 to 08388607 00000000 to 0006499

(–8,388,607 to 8,388,607)

58
CQM1 Interrupt Functions Section 1-5

The PV is read when the PRV(62) instruction is actually executed.

Changing the PV
There are two ways to change the PV of high-speed counters 1 and 2. The first
way is to reset it by using the reset methods. (In this case the PV is reset to 0.)
The second way is to use the INI(61) instruction.
The method using the INI(61) instruction is explained here. For an explanation of
the reset method, refer to the beginning of this description of high-speed count-
ers 1 and 2.
Change the timer PV by using the INI(61) instruction as shown below.

(@)INI(61) P: Port (001: port 1; 002: port 2)

P
D: Leading word for storing PV change data
002

Leftmost 4 digits Rightmost 4 digits Linear Mode Ring Mode

D+1 D F8388607 to 08388607 00000000 to 0006499

(–8,388,607 to 8,388,607)

To specify a negative number in linear mode, set F in the leftmost digit.

Note Do not use INI(61) to repeatedly change the PV and start comparison for target
value comparison while pulses are being input. If the comparison operation is
started immediately after forcing the PV to change, the interrupts may not work
properly. The target value will return to the first target value following completion
of the interrupt for it, enabling repeating operation by only changing the PV.
High-speed Counter Status The status of high-speed counters 1 and 2 can be determined either by reading
the status of the relevant flags in the AR area or executing PRV(62).
The following table shows the relevant AR area flags and their functions.
Word Bit(s) Function
AR 04 08 to Indicates high-speed counter status.
15 00: Normal
01 or 02: Hardware error
03: PC Setup error
AR 05 00 to High-speed Counter 1 Comparison Result flag for ranges 1 to 8.
07 (0: Not in range; 1: In range)
08 High-speed Counter 1 Comparison flag
(0: Stopped; 1: Comparing)
09 High-speed Counter 1 Overflow/Underflow flag
(0: Normal; 1: Underflow or overflow occurred)
AR 06 00 to High-speed Counter 2 Comparison Result flag for ranges 1 to 8.
07 (0: Not in range; 1: In range)
08 High-speed Counter 2 Comparison flag
(0: Stopped; 1: Comparing)
09 High-speed Counter 2 Overflow/Underflow flag
(0: Normal; 1: Underflow or overflow occurred)
The status of high-speed counters 1 and 2 can also be determined by executing
PRV(62). Specify high-speed counter 1 or 2 (P=001 to 002) and the destination
word D. The status information will be written to bits 00 and 01 of D. Bits 02 to 15
will be set to 0.
Execution condition
@PRV(62)

001

59
CQM1 Interrupt Functions Section 1-5

Bits 00 and 01 of D contain the specified high-speed counter’s status.

Bit Function
00 Comparison flag (0: Stopped; 1: Comparing)
01 Overflow/Underflow flag (0: Normal; 1: Underflow or overflow occurred)

Operation Example This example shows a program that outputs standard pulses from port 1 while
counting those pulses with high-speed counter 1. The high-speed counter oper-
ates in Up/Down Mode, with the pulse output’s CW pulses incrementing the
counter (B-phase input) and the CCW pulses decrementing the counter (A-
phase input). Before executing the program, set the PC Setup as follows and
restart the PC.
DM 6611: 0000 (High-speed counter mode).
DM 6643: 0002 (Port 1: Standard pulse output, linear counting mode, Z-phase
signal with software reset, and Up/Down Mode).
Other PC Setup settings use the default settings. (Inputs are not refreshed at the
time of interrupt processing.)

60
CQM1 Interrupt Functions Section 1-5

In addition, the following data is stored for the comparison table:

DM 0000 0003 Number of comparison conditions: 3
DM 0001 2500 Target value 1: 2,500
DM 0002 0000
DM 0003 0100 Comparison 1 interrupt processing routine no.: 100
DM 0004 7500 Target value 2: 7,500
DM 0005 0000
DM 0006 0101 Comparison 2 interrupt processing routine no.: 101
DM 0007 0000 Target value 2: 10,000
DM 0008 0001
DM 0009 0102 Comparison 3 interrupt processing routine no.: 102

00000
@CTBL(63) Specifies port 1, saves the comparison
001 table in target matching format, and be-
gins comparing.
000

DM 0000

@PULS(65) Sets CW pulses for port 1. (Number of

001 pulses not set.)
004

000

@SPED(64) Begins continuous pulse output from port

001 1 at 10 Hz.
001

#0001

@ACC ACC(––) mode 1 accelerates the fre-

001 quency to 25 kHz at about 500 Hz/4 ms.
001 DM 0010: 0050
DM 0010
DM 0011: 2500

SBN(92) 100

25313 (Always ON)

10000 10000 turns ON.

RET(93)

SBN(92) 101

25313 (Always ON)

@ACC ACC(––) mode 3 decelerates the fre-
001 quency to 500 Hz at about 500 Hz/4 ms.
003 DM 0012: 0050
DM 0012
DM 0013: 0050

RET(93)

SBN(92) 102
25313 (Always ON)
SPED(64) Pulse output from port 1 is stopped by set-
001 ting the frequency to 0.
001

#0000

RET(93)

61
CQM1 Interrupt Functions Section 1-5

1-5-8 Absolute High-speed Counter Interrupts (CQM1-CPU44-EV1)

Binary-code signals from an absolute rotary encoder can be input to ports 1 and
2 of the CQM1-CPU44-EV1 and counted at 4 kHz. Interrupt processing can be
executed according to the count.
The 2 ports can be operated separately. The counter for port 1 is called absolute
high-speed counter 1 and the counter for port 2 is called absolute high-speed
counter 2. This section describes how to use absolute high-speed counters 1
and 2. Refer to the CQM1 Operation Manual for hardware information such as
equipment and wiring specifications.

Processing Input Signals and Count Modes

There are two count modes that can be used for absolute high-speed counters 1
and 2. The count mode and the resolution settings are specified in the PC Setup
(DM 6643 and DM 6644).

1, 2, 3... 1. BCD Mode:

The absolute rotary encoder’s binary code is first converted to normal binary
data and then converted to BCD.
2. 360° Mode:
The absolute rotary encoder’s binary code is converted to an angular value
(0° to 359°) according to the resolution setting. (CTBL(63) settings are made
in 5° units.)
The following table shows the possible counter PVs in BCD mode and 360°
mode for each resolution setting.

Resolution Possible PVs

BCD mode 360° mode
8-bit 0 to 255 PV output: 0° to 359° (1° units)
10-bit 0 to 1023 Comparison table settings: 0° to 355° (5° units)
12-bit 0 to 4095

Absolute High-speed Counter Interrupt Count

The counter’s PV can be compared to up to 16 target values or 8 ranges. Refer to
5-15-6 REGISTER COMPARISON TABLE –CTBL(63) for a description of the
comparison tables used with absolute high-speed counters 1 and 2.

PC Setup When using absolute high-speed counter 1 and/or 2 interrupts, make the set-
tings in PROGRAM mode shown below before executing the program.
Input Refresh Word Settings (DM 6634 and DM 6635)
DM 6634 contains the input refresh word settings for absolute high-speed count-
er 1, and DM 6635 contains the settings for absolute high-speed counter 2.
Make these settings when it is necessary to refresh inputs.

Bit 15 0
DM 6634/DM 6635

Number of words (2 digits BCD) 00 to 12

Beginning word no. (2 digits BCD) 00 to 11

Default: No input refresh

62
CQM1 Interrupt Functions Section 1-5

Absolute High-speed Counter Settings (DM 6643 and DM 6644)

DM 6643 contains the settings for absolute high-speed counter 1, and DM 6644
contains the settings for absolute high-speed counter 2. These words determine
the count modes and resolution settings.

Bit 15 0
DM6643/DM 6644

Count mode:
00: BCD mode
01: 360° mode
Resolution setting:
00: 8-bit
01: 10-bit
02: 12-bit

Defaults: BCD mode, 8-bit resolution

Origin Compensation It is possible to compensate for an offset between an absolute rotary encoder’s
origin and the actual origin. This adjustment can be made separately for ports 1
and 2.
Follow the procedure below to set origin compensation. After origin compensa-
tion has been set, the data from the encoder will be adjusted before being output
as the PV.

1, 2, 3... 1. Set the absolute rotary encoder to the desired origin location.
2. Make sure that pin 1 of the CPU Unit’s DIP switch is OFF (enabling Peripher-
al Devices to overwrite DM 6614 through DM 6655) and switch the PC to
PROGRAM mode.
3. Set the resolution setting in DM 6643 or DM 6644.
4. Make sure that a fatal error or FALS 9C error have not occurred.
5. Read the high-speed counter’s PV from IR 232 and IR 233 (port 1) or IR 234
and IR 235 (port 2) to determine the PV before origin compensation.
6. Turn ON the Port 1 Origin Compensation flag (SR 25201) or Port 2 Origin
Compensation flag (SR 25202) from a Peripheral Device.
The compensation value will be written to DM 6611 (port 1) or DM 6612
(port 2) and the Origin Compensation flag will be turned OFF automatically.
The compensation value will be recorded in BCD between 0000 and 4095
whether the counter is set to BCD mode or 360° mode.
7. Read the high-speed counter’s PV to determine the PV after origin com-
pensation. The PV should be 0000 after origin compensation.
The compensation value will be valid until it is changed again by the procedure
above.

Programming Use the following steps to program absolute high-speed counters 1 and 2.
Absolute high-speed counters 1 and 2 begin counting when the proper PC Setup
settings are made, but comparisons will not be made with the comparison table
and interrupts will not be generated unless the CTBL(63) instruction is executed.
The present value of absolute high-speed counter 1 is maintained in IR 232 and
IR 233 and the present value of absolute high-speed counter 2 is maintained in
IR 234 and IR 235.

63
CQM1 Interrupt Functions Section 1-5

Controlling Absolute High-speed Counter Interrupts

1, 2, 3... 1. Use the CTBL(63) instruction to save the comparison table in the CQM1 and
begin comparisons.

(@)CTBL(63) P: Port specifier (001: Port 1; 002: Port 2)

P C: (3 digits BCD)
000: Target table set and comparison begun
C
001: Range table set and comparison begun
TB 002: Target table set only
003: Range table set only
TB: Beginning word of comparison table

P specifies the port. Set P=001 to specify absolute high-speed counter 1, or

P=002 to specify absolute high-speed counter 2.
If C is set to 000, then comparisons will be made by the target matching
method; if 001, then they will be made by the range comparison method.
The comparison table will be saved, and, when the save operation is com-
plete, then comparisons will begin. While comparisons are being executed,
high-speed interrupts will be executed according to the comparison table.
Refer to 5-15-6 REGISTER COMPARISON TABLE –CTBL(63) for details
on the structure of the comparison tables.
Note The comparison results are normally stored in AR 0500 through
AR 0507 (port 1) and AR 0600 through AR 0607 (port 2) while the
range comparison is being executed.
If C is set to 002, then comparisons will be made by the target matching
method; if 003, then they will be made by the range comparison method. For
either of these settings, the comparison table will be saved, but compari-
sons will not begin, and the INI(61) instruction must be used to begin com-
parisons.
2. To stop comparisons, execute the INI(61) instruction as shown below. Spec-
ify port 1 or 2 in P (P=001 or 002).

(@)INI(61)
P
001

000

To start comparisons again, set the second operand to “000” (execute com-
parison), and execute the INI(61) instruction.
Once a table has been saved, it will be retained in the CQM1 during opera-
tion (i.e., during program execution) as long as no other table is saved.
Reading the PV
There are two ways to read the PV. The first is to read it from IR 232 and IR 233
(port 1) or IR 234 and IR 235 (port 2), and the second is to use PRV(62).
Reading IR 232 and IR 233 or IR 234 and IR 235
The PV of absolute high-speed counter 1 is stored in IR 232 and IR 233, and the
PV of absolute high-speed counter 2 is stored in IR 234 and IR 235 as shown
below.
Leftmost 4 digits Rightmost 4 digits BCD Mode 360 Mode

Port 1: IR 233 IR 232

0000 0000 to 0000 4095 0000 0000 to 0000 0359
Port 2: IR 235 IR 234

Note These words are refreshed only once every cycle, so there may be a difference
from the actual PV.

64
CQM1 Interrupt Functions Section 1-5

Using the PRV(62) Instruction

Read the PV of an absolute high-speed counter by using the PRV(62) instruc-
tion. Specify absolute high-speed counter 1 or 2 in P (P=001 or 002).

(@)PRV(62)
P: Port (001: port 1; 002: port 2)
P
P1: Leading word of PV
000

The PV of the specified absolute high-speed counter is stored as shown below.

Leftmost 4 digits Rightmost 4 digits BCD Mode 360 Mode

D+1 D 0000 0000 to 0000 4095 0000 0000 to 0000 0359

The PV is read when the PRV(62) instruction is actually executed.

Reading Absolute The status of absolute high-speed counters 1 and 2 can be determined either by
High-speed Counter Status reading the status of the relevant flags in the AR area or executing PRV(62).
The following table shows the relevant AR area flags and their functions.

Word Bit(s) Function

AR 04 08 to Indicates absolute high-speed counter status.
15 00: normal
01 or 02: Hardware error
03: PC Setup error
AR 05 00 to Counter 1 Comparison Result flags for ranges 1 to 8.
07 (0: Not in range; 1: In range)
08 Counter 1 Comparison flag (0: Stopped; 1: Comparing)
AR 06 00 to Counter 2 Comparison Result flags for ranges 1 to 8.
07 (0: Not in range; 1: In range)
08 Counter 2 Comparison flag (0: Stopped; 1: Comparing)

The comparison flag status of absolute high-speed counters 1 and 2 can also be
determined by executing PRV(62). Specify absolute high-speed counter 1 or 2
(P=001 to 002) and the destination word D. The flag status (0: Stopped;
1: Comparing) will be written to bit 00 of D. Bits 01 to 15 will be set to 0.

Execution condition
@PRV(62)

001

Operation Example This example shows a program that receives an input signal from an absolute
rotary encoder at port 1 and uses this input to control outputs IR 10000 through
IR 10003. Absolute high-speed counter 1 is set for 8-bit resolution and 360°
Mode, and range comparisons are used. Before executing the program, set
DM 6643 to 0100 (Port 1: 360° Mode, 8-bit resolution).
Other PC Setup settings use the default settings. (Inputs are not refreshed at the
time of interrupt processing.)
In addition, the following data is stored for the comparison table:

65
CQM1 Interrupt Functions Section 1-5

DM 0000 0000 Lower limit #1 (0°)

DM 0001 0085 Upper limit #1 (85°) First range setting (0° to 85°)
DM 0002 0100 Subroutine number 100
DM 0003 0090 Lower limit #2 (90°)
DM 0004 0175 Upper limit #2 (175°) Second range setting (90° to 175°)
DM 0005 0101 Subroutine number 101
DM 0006 0180 Lower limit #3 (180°)
DM 0007 0265 Upper limit #3 (265°) Third range setting (180° to 265°)
DM 0008 0102 Subroutine number 102
DM 0009 0270 Lower limit #4 (270°)
DM 0010 0355 Upper limit #4 (355°) Fourth range setting (270° to 355°)
DM 0011 0103 Subroutine number 103
DM 0012 0000 Lower limit #1 (0°)
DM 0013 0000 Upper limit #1 (0°) Fifth range setting (Not used.)
DM 0014 FFFF No subroutine number
DM 0015 0000 Lower limit #1 (0°)
DM 0016 0000 Upper limit #1 (0°) Sixth range setting (Not used.)
DM 0017 FFFF No subroutine number
DM 0018 0000 Lower limit #1 (0°)
DM 0019 0000 Upper limit #1 (0°) Seventh range setting (Not used.)
DM 0020 FFFF No subroutine number
DM 0021 0000 Lower limit #1 (0°)
DM 0022 0000 Upper limit #1 (0°) Eighth range setting (Not used.)
DM 0023 FFFF No subroutine number
00000
@CTBL(63) Specifies port 1, saves the comparison
001 table in range matching format, and be-
gins comparing.
001

DM 0000

SBN(92) 100
25313 (Always ON)
MOV(21) Turns ON 10000. Turns other bits in
#0001 IR 100 OFF.
100

RET(93)

SBN(92) 101
25313 (Always ON)
MOV(21) Turns ON 10001. Turns other bits in
#0002 IR 100 OFF.
100

RET(93)

SBN(92) 102
25313 (Always ON)
MOV(21) Turns ON 10002. Turns other bits in
#0004 IR 100 OFF.
100

RET(93)

SBN(92) 103
25313 (Always ON)
MOV(21) Turns ON 10003. Turns other bits in
#0008 IR 100 OFF.
100

RET(93)

66
CPM1/CPM1A Interrupt Functions Section 1-6

The following diagram shows the relationship between absolute high-speed

counter 1’s PV and Range Comparison Result flags AR 0500 to AR 0507 as the
above program is executed.

AR 0500

AR 0501

AR 0502

AR 0503

AR 0504 to AR 0507

PV=0 85 90 175 180 265 270 355 360

1-6 CPM1/CPM1A Interrupt Functions

This section explains the settings and methods for using the CPM1/CPM1A in-
terrupt functions.

1-6-1 Types of Interrupts

The CPM1/CPM1A has three types of interrupt processing, as outlined below.
Input Interrupts
CPM1/CPM1A PCs have two or four interrupt inputs. Interrupt processing is
executed when one of these inputs is turned ON from an external source.
Interval Timer Interrupts
Interrupt processing is executed by an interval timer with a precision of 0.1 ms.
High-speed Counter Interrupts
The high-speed counter counts pulse inputs to one of CPU bits 00000 to 00002.
Interrupt processing is executed when the count reaches the set value of a built-
in high-speed counter.
Interrupt Priority When an interrupt is generated, the specified interrupt processing routine is
executed. Interrupts have the following priority ranking.
Input interrupts > Interval interrupts = High-speed counter interrupts
When an interrupt with a higher priority is received during interrupt processing,
the current processes will be stopped and the newly received interrupt will be
processed instead. After that routine has been completely executed, then pro-
cessing of the previous interrupt will be resumed.
When an interrupt with a lower or equal priority is received during interrupt pro-
cessing, then the newly received interrupt will be processed as soon as the rou-
tine currently being processed has been completely executed.
When two interrupts with equal priority are received at the same time, they are
executed in the following order:
Input interrupt 0 > Input interrupt 1 > Input interrupt 2 > Input interrupt 3
Interval interrupts > High-speed counter interrupts
Interrupt Program Observe the following precautions when using interrupt programs:
Precautions
1, 2, 3... 1. A new interrupt can be defined within an interrupt program. Furthermore, an
interrupt can be cleared from within an interrupt program.
2. Another interrupt program cannot be written within an interrupt program.
3. A subroutine program cannot be written within an interrupt program. Do not
write a SUBROUTINE DEFINE instruction, SBN(92), within an interrupt pro-
gram.

67
CPM1/CPM1A Interrupt Functions Section 1-6

4. An interrupt program cannot be written within a subroutine program. Do not

write an interrupt program between a SUBROUTINE DEFINE instruction
(SBN(92)) and a RETURN instruction (RET(93)).
Inputs used as interrupts cannot be used as regular inputs.
High-speed Counter The following instructions cannot be executed in an interrupt subroutine when
Instructions and Interrupts an instruction that controls high-speed counters is being executed in the main
program:
INI(61), PRV(62), or CTBL(63)
The following methods can be used to circumvent this limitation:
Method 1
All interrupt processing can be masked while the instruction is being executed.

@INT(89)

100

000

INI(61)

000

@INT(89)

200

000

Method 2
Execute the instruction again in the main program.
1, 2, 3... 1. This is the program section from the main program:

@PRV(62)

000

002

DM 0000
LR 0000
CTBL(63)

000

DM 0000

RSET LR 0000

2. This is the program section from the interrupt subroutine:

SBN(92) 000

25313
@CTBL(63)

000

DM 0000

25313
LR
0000

68
CPM1/CPM1A Interrupt Functions Section 1-6

Note 1. Define interrupt routines at the end of the main program with SBN(92) and
RET(93) instructions, just like regular subroutines.
2. When defining an interrupt routine, a “SBS UNDEFD” error will occur during
the program check operation, but the program will be executed normally.

1-6-2 Input Interrupts

The 10-pt CPU Units (CPM1-10CDR- and CPM1A-10CDR-) have two inter-
rupt inputs (00003 and 00004).
The 20-, 30-, and 40-pt CPU Units (CPM1-20CDR-, CPM1A-20CDR-,
CPM1-30CDR-(-V1), CPM1A-30CDR- and CPM1A-40CDR-) have
four interrupt inputs (00003 to 00006).
There are two modes for input interrupts: input interrupt mode and counter
mode.

CPM1 PCs

10-pt CPU Units 20- and 30-pt CPU Units

(CPM1-10CDR-) (CPM1-20CDR- and
CPM1-30CDR-(-V1))

00003
00004
00005
00006
00003
00004

NC
24VDC

CPM1A PCs

10-pt CPU Units 20-, 30-, and 40-pt CPU Units

(CPM1A-10CDR-) (CPM1A-20CDR-, CPM1A-30CDR-,
and CPM1A-40CDR-)

CPU Unit Input Interrupt Response time

number Interrupt mode Counter mode

CPM1-10CDR- 00003 00 0.3 ms max. 1 kHz

CPM1A-10CD- 00004 01 (Time until the
CPM1-20CDR- 00003 00 interrupt

CPM1A-20CD- program is
00004 01 executed.)

CPM1-30CDR-(-V1)
CPM1A-30CD- 00003 02
CPM1A-40CD- 00004 03

Note If input interrupts are not used, use inputs 00003 to 00006 as regular inputs.

69
CPM1/CPM1A Interrupt Functions Section 1-6

Input Interrupt Settings Inputs 00003 to 00006 must be set as interrupt inputs in DM 6628 if they are to
be used for input interrupts in the CPM1/CPM1A. Set the corresponding digit to 1
if the input is to be used as an interrupt input (input interrupt or counter mode);
set it to 0 if it is to be used as a regular input.
Word Setting
DM 6628 0: Regular input (default setting)
1: Interrupt input
2: Quick-response input

Bit 15 0
DM 6628

Setting for input 00006: Set to 1

Setting for input 00005: Set to 1
Setting for input 00004: Set to 1
Setting for input 00003: Set to 1

Interrupt Subroutines Interrupts from inputs 00003 to 00006 are allocated interrupt numbers 00 to 03
and call subroutines 000 to 003. If the input interrupts aren’t being used, subrou-
tines 000 to 003 can be used in regular subroutines.
Input number Interrupt number Subroutine number
00003 0 000
00004 1 001
00005 2 002
00006 3 003

Input Refreshing If input refreshing is not used, input signal status within the interrupt routine will
not be reliable. Depending on the input time constant, the input signals might not
go ON even if input refreshing is used. This includes the status of the interrupt
input bit that activated the interrupt.
For example, IR 00000 would not be ON in interrupt routine for input interrupt 0
unless it was refreshed. In this case, use the Always ON Flag, SR 25313 in the
interrupt routine instead of IR 00000.
Input Interrupt Mode When an input interrupt signal is received, the main program is interrupted and
the interrupt program is executed immediately, regardless of the point in the
cycle in which the interrupt is received. The signal must be ON for 200 µs or more
to be detected.

Main program Main program

Interrupt program

Input interrupt

Use the following instructions to program input interrupts using the Input Inter-
rupt Mode.
Masking/Unmasking of Interrupts
With the INT(89) instruction, set or clear input interrupt masks as required.

(@)INT(89) Make the settings with word D bits 0 to 3, which correspond

000 to input interrupts 0 to 3.
0: Mask cleared. (Input interrupt enabled.)
000
1: Mask set. (Input interrupt disabled.)
D

70
CPM1/CPM1A Interrupt Functions Section 1-6

All of the input interrupts are masked when PC operation is started. If input inter-
rupt mode is being used, be sure to enable the inputs by executing INT(89) as
shown above.
Clearing Masked Interrupts
If the bit corresponding to an input interrupt turns ON while masked, that input
interrupt will be saved in memory and will be executed as soon as the mask is
cleared. In order for that input interrupt not to be executed when the mask is
cleared, the interrupt must be cleared from memory.
Only one interrupt signal will be saved in memory for each interrupt number.
With the INT(89) instruction, clear the input interrupt from memory.

(@)INT(89) If D bits 0 to 3, which correspond to input interrupts 0 to 3, are

001 set to “1,” then the input interrupts will be cleared from memory.
0: Input interrupt retained.
000
1: Input interrupt cleared.
D

Reading Mask Status

With the INT(89) instruction, read the input interrupt mask status.

(@)INT(89) The status of the rightmost digit of the data stored in word D (bits
002 0 to 3) show the mask status.
0: Mask cleared. (Input interrupt enabled.)
000
1: Mask set. (Input interrupt disabled.)
D

Program Example
When input 00003 (interrupt no. 0) goes ON, operation moves immediately to
the interrupt program with subroutine number 000. Inputs for DM 6628 have
been set to 0001.

25315 First Cycle Flag

ON for 1 cycle
@INT(89)
000 Mask/unmask input interrupts.
000

#000E Unmasks 00003 (interrupt input 0), masks others.

SBN(92) 000

Interrupt program
RET(93)

Counter Mode External signal inputs are counted at high speed and an interrupt is generated
when the count reaches the set value. When an interrupt is generated, the main
program is interrupted and the interrupt program is executed. Signals up to
1 kHz can be counted.

Main program Main program

Interrupt program

Input interrupt

Set value

71
CPM1/CPM1A Interrupt Functions Section 1-6

Use the following steps to program input interrupts using the Counter Mode.
1, 2, 3... 1. Write the set values for counter operation to the SR words shown in the fol-
lowing table. The set values are written between 0000 and FFFF (0 to
65,535). A value of 0000 will disable the count operation until a new value is
set and step 2, below, is repeated.
Interrupt Word
Input interrupt 0 SR 240
Input interrupt 1 SR 241
Input interrupt 2 SR 242
Input interrupt 3 SR 243
The SR words used in the Counter Mode (SR 240 to SR 243) contain hexa-
decimal data, not BCD. If the Counter Mode is not used, these words can be
used as work bits.
Note These SR words are cleared at the beginning of operation, and must
be written from the program.
2. With the INT(89) instruction, refresh the Counter Mode set value and enable
interrupts.
(@)INT(89) If D bits 0 to 3, which correspond to input interrupts 0 to 3,
003
are set to “0,” then the set value will be refreshed and inter-
rupts will be permitted.
000 0: Counter mode set value refreshed and mask cleared.
D 1: Not refreshed.

Be sure to set the corresponding bit to 1 if an input interrupt isn’t being con-
trolled.
The input interrupt for which the set value is refreshed will be enabled in Counter
Mode. When the counter reaches the set value, an interrupt will occur, the count-
er will be reset, and counting/interrupts will continue until the counter is stopped.
Note 1. If the INT(89) instruction is used during counting, the present value (PV) will
return to the set value (SV). You must, therefore, use the differentiated form
of the instruction or an interrupt may never occur.
2. The set value will be set when the INT(89) instruction is executed. If inter-
rupts are already in operation, then the set value will not be changed just by
changing the content of SR 240 to SR 243, i.e., if the contents are changed,
the set value must be refreshed by executing the INT(89) instruction again.
Interrupts can be masked using the same process used with the Input Interrupt
Mode, but if the masked interrupts are cleared using the same process, the inter-
rupts will operate in Input Interrupt Mode, not Counter Mode.
Interrupt signals received for masked interrupts can also be cleared using the
same process as for the Input Interrupt Mode.
Counter PV in Counter Mode
When input interrupts are used in Counter Mode, the counter PV will be stored in
the SR word corresponding to input interrupts 0 to 3. Values are 0000 to FFFE (0
to 65,534) and will equal the counter PV minus one.
Interrupt Word
Input interrupt 0 SR 244
Input interrupt 1 SR 245
Input interrupt 2 SR 246
Input interrupt 3 SR 247
Example: The present value for an interrupt whose set value is 000A will be re-
corded as 0009 immediately after INT(89) is executed.
Note Even if input interrupts are not used in Counter Mode, these SR bits cannot be
used as work bits.

72
CPM1/CPM1A Interrupt Functions Section 1-6

Program Example
When input 00003 (interrupt no. 0) goes ON 10 times, operation moves immedi-
ately to the interrupt program with subroutine number 000. The following table
shows where the counters‘ set values and present values –1 are stored. Inputs
for DM 6628 have been set to 0001.
Interrupt Word containing Word containing
SV PV–1
Input 00003 (input interrupt 0) SR 240 SR 244
Input 00004 (input interrupt 1) SR 241 SR 245
Input 00005 (input interrupt 2) SR 242 SR 246
Input 00006 (input interrupt 3) SR 243 SR 247

25315 First Cycle Flag

ON for 1 cycle
MOV(21)
#000A Sets the SV to 10. (0000 to FFFF)
240
Word containing the SV (SR 240)

@INT(89)
003 Refresh counter SVs.
000

#000E Refreshes the SV of 00003 (interrupt input 0) only.

SBN(92) 000

Interrupt program
RET(93)

1-6-3 Masking All Interrupts

Masking Interrupts Use the INT(89) instruction to disable all interrupts.

(@)INT(89)
100
000

000

If an interrupt is generated while interrupts are masked, interrupt processing will

not be executed but the interrupt will be recorded for the input, interval timer, and
high-speed counter interrupts. The interrupts will then be serviced as soon as
interrupts are unmasked.

73
CPM1/CPM1A Interrupt Functions Section 1-6

Unmasking Interrupts Use the INT(89) instruction to unmask interrupts as follows:

(@)INT(89)
200
000

000

1-6-4 Interval Timer Interrupts

The CPM1/CPM1A is equipped with one interval timer. When the interval timer
times out, the main program is interrupted and the interrupt program is executed
immediately, regardless of the point in the cycle.
There are two modes for interval timer operation, the One-shot Mode, in which
only one interrupt will be executed when time expires, and the Scheduled Inter-
rupt Mode in which the interrupt is repeated at a fixed interval.
The interval timer’s set value can be set anywhere from 0.5 to 319968 ms, in
units of 0.1 ms.
Operation Use the following instruction to activate and control the interval timer.
Starting Up in One-Shot Mode
Use the STIM(69) instruction to start the interval timer in the one-shot mode.
(@)STIM(69)
C1: Interval timer, one-shot mode (000)
C1
C2: Timer set value (first word address)
C2
C3: Subroutine no. (4 digits BCD): 0000 to 0049
C3

1, 2, 3... 1. When C2 is entered as a word address:

C2: Decrementing counter set value (4 digits BCD): 0000 to 9999
C2 + 1: Decrementing time interval (4 digits BCD; unit: 0.1 ms): 0005 to 0320
(0.5 ms to 32 ms)
Each time that the interval specified in word C2 + 1 elapses, the decrement-
ing counter will decrement the present value by one. When the PV reaches
0, the designated subroutine will be called just once and the timer will stop.
The time from when the STIM(69) instruction is executed until time elapses
is calculated as follows:
(Content of C2) × (Content of C2 + 1) × 0.1 ms = (0.5 to 319,968 ms)
2. When C2 is entered as a constant:
The set value of the decrementing counter will equal the specified constant
(in ms) and the decrementing time interval will be 10 (1 ms).
Starting Up in Scheduled Interrupt Mode
Use the STIM(69) instruction to start the interval timer in the scheduled interrupt
mode.
(@)STIM(69)
C1: Interval timer, scheduled interrupt mode (003)
C1
C2: Timer set value (leading word no.)
C2
C3: Subroutine no. (4 digits BCD): 0000 to 0049
C3

1, 2, 3... 1. When C2 is entered as a word address:

74
CPM1/CPM1A Interrupt Functions Section 1-6

2. When C2 is entered as a constant:

The settings are the same as for the one-shot mode, but interrupts will con-
tinue to be repeated at fixed intervals until the operation is stopped.
Reading the Timer’s Elapsed Time
Use the STIM(69) instruction to read the timer’s elapsed time.

(@)STIM(69)
C1: Read elapsed time (006)
C1
C2: Leading word of parameter 1
C2
C3: Parameter 2
C3

C2: Number of times the decrementing counter has ben decremented (4 digits
BCD)
C2 + 1: Decrementing counter time interval (4 digits BCD; unit: 0.1 ms)
C3: Elapsed time from previous decrement (4 digits BCD; unit: 0.1 ms)
The time from when the interval timer is started until the execution of this instruc-
tion is calculated as follows:
{(Content of C2) × (Content of C2+1) + (Content of C3)} × 0.1 ms
If the specified interval timer is stopped, then “0000” will be stored.
Stopping the Timer
Use the STIM(69) instruction to stop the interval timer. The interval timer will be
stopped.

(@)STIM(69)
C1
C1: Stop interval timer (010)
000

000

Application Example In this example, an interrupt is generated 2.4 ms (0.6 ms × 4) after input 00005
(One-shot Mode) goes ON; the interrupt executes interrupt subroutine number 23.

25315 First Cycle Flag

ON for 1 cycle
MOV(21)
#0004 Sets the decrementing counter‘s set value to 4.
DM 0010 (BCD: 0000 to 9999)

MOV(21)
#0006 Sets the decrementing time interval to 0.6 ms.
DM 0011 (BCD: 0005 to 0320)
00005
@STIM(69)
000 Starts the interval timer in one-shot mode.
DM 0010 Specifies the first word containing the set value.
#0023 Specifies the subroutine number (23).

SBN(92) 023

Interrupt program

RET(93)

75
CPM1/CPM1A Interrupt Functions Section 1-6

Application Example In this example, an interrupt is generated every 4.0 ms (1.0 ms × 4) after input
(Scheduled Interrupt Mode) 00005 goes ON; the interrupts execute interrupt subroutine number 23.

25315 First Cycle Flag

ON for 1 cycle
MOV(21)
#0004 Sets the decrementing counter‘s set value to 4.
DM 0010 (BCD: 0000 to 9999)

MOV(21)
#0010 Sets the decrementing time interval to 1.0 ms.
DM 0011 (BCD: 0005 to 0320)
00005
@STIM(69)
003 Starts the interval timer in scheduled interrupt mode.
DM 0010 Specifies the first word containing the set value.
#0023 Specifies the subroutine number (23).

SBN(92) 023

Interrupt program
RET(93)

1-6-5 High-speed Counter Interrupts

CPM1/CPM1A PCs have a high-speed counter function that can be used in in-
crementing mode or up/down mode. The high-speed counter can be combined
with input interrupts to perform target value control or zone comparison control
that isn’t affected by the PC’s cycle time.
High-speed counter signals can be input to CPU bits 00000 through 00002.

CPM1 PCs
00000
00001
00002

NC
24VDC

CPM1A PCs

76
CPM1/CPM1A Interrupt Functions Section 1-6

Mode Input functions Input method Count Count Control methods

frequency range
Up/Down 00000: A-phase input Phase-difference, 2.5 kHz max. –32767 Target value control:
00001: B-phase input 4× inputs to Up to 16 target values and
00002: Z-phase input 32767 interrupt subroutine numbers can
be registered.
Zone comparison control:
Incrementing 00000: Count input Individual inputs 5.0 kHz max. 0
Up to 8 sets of upper limit values,
00001: See note. to
lower limit values, and interrupt
00002: Reset input 65535
subroutine numbers can be
registered.

Note In incrementing mode, input 00001 can be used as a regular input. When the
reset method is used for the software reset, input 00002 can be used as a regular
input. Also, even when used for the Z-phase signal and software reset, the input
status is reflected inn 00002 of the I/O memory.

High-speed Counter Settings The following settings must be made in DM 6642 when using the
CPM1/CPM1A’s high-speed counter function.
DM 6642 Function Settings
Bits Incrementing Up/Down Not used
00 to 03 Sets the counter mode: 4 0 0 or 4
0: Up/down
4: Incrementing
04 to 07 Sets the reset method: 0 or 1 0 or 1 0 or 1
0: Z-phase + software reset
1: Software reset
08 to 15 Sets the counter: 01 01 00
00: Counter not being used.
01: Counter being used.

Count Range The CPM1/CPM1A’s high-speed counter uses linear operation and the count
(present value) is stored in SR 248 and SR 249. (The upper four digits are stored
in SR 249 and the lower four digits are stored in SR 248.)
Mode Count range
Up/Down F003 2767 to 0003 2767 (–32,767 to 32,767)
The leftmost digit in SR 248 indicates the sign. F is negative, 0 is
positive.
Incrementing 0000 0000 to 0006 5535 (0 to 65,535)

An overflow will occur if the count exceeds the upper limit in the count range and
an underflow will occur if the count goes below the lower limit in the count range.
Error Incrementing Up/Down Present
value
Overflow Occurs when the count is Occurs when the count is 0FFF FFFF
incremented from 65,535. incremented from 32,767.
Underflow --- Occurs when the count is FFFF FFFF
decremented from –32,767.

Processing Two types of signals can be input from a pulse encoder. The count mode used for
the high-speed counter will depend on the signal type. The count mode and re-
set mode are set in DM 6642; these settings become effective when the power is
turned on or PC operation is started.
Up/Down Mode:
A phase-difference 4× two-phase signal (A-phase and B-phase) and a Z-
phase signal are used for inputs. The count is incremented or decremented
according to differences in the 2-phase signals.

77
CPM1/CPM1A Interrupt Functions Section 1-6

Incrementing Mode:
One single-phase pulse signal and a count reset signal are used for inputs.
The count is incremented according to the single-phase signal.

Up/Down Mode Incrementing Mode

A-phase Pulse input

B-phase

Count 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 –1 –2 Count 1 2 3 4

Incremented Decremented Incremented only

Note One of the reset methods described below should always be used to reset the
counter when restarting it. The counter will be automatically reset when program
execution is started or stopped.

The following signal transitions are handled as forward (incrementing) pulses:

A-phase leading edge to B-phase leading edge to A-phase trailing edge to B-
phase trailing edge. The following signal transitions are handled as reverse
(decrementing) pulses: B-phase leading edge to A-phase leading edge to B-
phase trailing edge to A-phase trailing edge.
The Up/Down Mode always uses a 4× phase-difference input. The number of
counts for each encoder revolution would be 4 times the resolution of the count-
er. Select the encoder based on the countable ranges.
Reset Methods
Either of the two methods described below may be selected for resetting the PV
of the count (i.e., setting it to 0).
Z-phase signal + software reset:
The PV is reset when the Z-phase signal (reset input) is turned ON while the
High-speed Counter Reset Bit (SR 25200) is ON.
Software reset:
The PV is reset when the High-speed Counter Reset Bit (SR 25200) is
turned ON.

Z-phase Signal + Software Reset

I/O refresh
Common processing,
1 cycle
communications servicing, etc.
Program Program Program Program Program Program
CPU processing execution execution execution execution execution execution

25200

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Z-phase

Not reset Not reset Reset Reset Not reset

78
CPM1/CPM1A Interrupt Functions Section 1-6

No. Operation timing Reset

(1) Z-phase signal turns ON when Not reset.
SR 25200 turns OFF.
(2) Z-phase signal turns ON within one Not reset.
cycle after SR 25200 turns ON.
(3) Z-phase signal turns ON after at least Reset with Z-phase leading edge.
one cycle elapses after SR 25200
turns ON.
(4) Z-phase signal turns ON within one Reset with Z-phase leading edge.
cycle after SR 25200 turns OFF.
(5) SR 25200 turns ON when Z-phase Not reset.
signal is ON.

Note The High-speed Counter Reset Bit (SR 25200) is refreshed once every cycle, so
in order for it to be read reliably it must be ON for at least one cycle.

The “Z” in “Z-phase” is an abbreviation for “Zero.” It is a signal that shows that the
encoder has completed one cycle.
High-speed Counter Interrupt Count
For high-speed counter 0 interrupts, a comparison table is used instead of a
“count up.” The count check can be carried out by either of the two methods de-
scribed below. In the comparison table, comparison conditions (for comparing to
the PV) and interrupt routine combinations are saved.
Target value:
A maximum of 16 comparison conditions (target values and count direc-
tions) and interrupt routine combinations are saved in the comparison table.
When the counter PV and the count direction match the comparison condi-
tions, then the specified interrupt routine is executed.
Range (zone) comparison:
Eight comparison conditions (upper and lower limits) and interrupt routine
combinations are saved in the comparison table. When the PV is greater
than or equal to the lower limit and less than or equal to the upper limit, then
the specified interrupt routine is executed.

Target Value The current count is compared to the target values in the order that target values
Comparisons are set in the comparison table and interrupts are generated as the count equals
each target value. Once the count has equaled all of the target values in the
table, the target value is set to the first target value in the table, which is again
compared to the current counted until the two values are equal.

Count
Interrupts
Comparison Table
Target value 1
Target value 2
Target value 3
Target value 4
Target value 5

Initial value
Target value
1 2 3 4 5

Range Comparisons The current count is compared in cyclic fashion to all of the ranges at the same
time and interrupts are generated based on the results of the comparisons.

79
CPM1/CPM1A Interrupt Functions Section 1-6

Comparison Table
0 Rage setting 1
Count Rage setting 2
Rage setting 3
1 3 Rage setting 4
2 4

Programming Use the following steps to program the high-speed counter.

The high-speed counter begins the counting operation when the proper PC Set-
up settings are made, but comparisons will not be made with the comparison
table and interrupts will not be generated unless the CTBL(63) instruction is
executed.
The high-speed counter is reset to “0” when power is turned ON and when op-
eration begins.
The present value of high-speed counter is maintained in SR 248 and SR 249.
Controlling High-speed Counter Interrupts
1, 2, 3... 1. Use the CTBL(63) instruction to save the comparison table in the
CPM1/CPM1A and begin comparisons.

(@)CTBL(63)
P C: (3 digits BCD)
000: Target table set and comparison begun
C
001: Range table set and comparison begun
TB 002: Target table set only
003: Range table set only
TB: Beginning word of comparison table

If C is set to 000, then comparisons will be made by the target matching

(@)INI(61)
000
001

000

80
CPM1/CPM1A Interrupt Functions Section 1-6

To start comparisons again, set the second operand to “000” (execute com-
parison), and execute the INI(61) instruction.
Once a table has been saved, it will be retained in the CPM1/CPM1A during
operation (i.e., during program execution) as long as no other table is saved.
Reading the PV
There are two ways to read the PV. The first is to read it from SR 248 and
SR 249, and the second to use the PRV(62) instruction.
Reading SR 248 and SR 249
The PV of high-speed counter is stored in SR 248 and SR 249 as shown below.
The leftmost bit will be F for negative values.
Leftmost 4 digits Rightmost 4 digits Up/Down Mode Incrementing Mode
SR 249 SR 248 F0032767 to 00032767 00000000 to 00065535
(–32767)

Note 1. These words are refreshed only once every cycle, so there may be a differ-
ence from the actual PV.
2. When high-speed counter is not being used, the bits in these words can be
used as work bits.
Using the PRV(62) Instruction
Read the PV of the high-speed counter by using the PRV(62) instruction.
(@)PRV(62)
P1: Leading word of PV
000
000

The PV of the high-speed counter is stored as shown below. The leftmost bit will
be F for negative values.
Leftmost 4 digits Rightmost 4 digits Up/Down Mode Incrementing Mode

P1+1 P1 F0032767 to 00032767 00000000 to 00065535

(–32767)

The PV is read when the PRV(62) instruction is actually executed.

Changing the PV
There are two ways to change the PV of high-speed counter. The first way is to
reset it by using the reset methods. (In this case the PV is reset to 0.) The second
way is to use the INI(61) instruction.
The method using the INI(61) instruction is explained here. For an explanation of
the reset method, refer to the beginning of this description of high-speed count-
er.
Change the timer PV by using the INI(61) instruction as shown below.
(@)INI(61) D: Leading word for storing PV change data
000
002

Leftmost 4 digits Rightmost 4 digits Up/Down Mode Incrementing Mode

D+1 D F0032767 to 00032767 00000000 to 00065535

To specify a negative number in up/down mode, set F in the leftmost digit.

Application Example This example shows a program that uses the high-speed counter with single-
(Incrementing Mode) phase inputs in the Incrementing Mode, making comparisons by means of the
target matching method.

81
CPM1/CPM1A Interrupt Functions Section 1-6

The comparison conditions (target values and count directions) are stored in the
comparison table with the subroutine numbers. Up to 16 target values can be
stored. The corresponding subroutine is executed when the counter’s PV
matches the target value.
The following data is stored for the comparison table:
DM 0000 0002 Number of comparison conditions: 2
DM 0001 1000 Target value 1: 1000
DM 0002 0000
DM 0003 0030 Comparison 1 interrupt subroutine no.: 30
DM 0004 2000 Target value 2: 2000
DM 0005 0000
DM 0006 0031 Comparison 2 interrupt subroutine no.: 31
The following diagram shows the example ladder program. DM 6642 must be
set to 014, where is the reset method which can be set to 0 or 1.
25315 (ON for first cycle)
CTBL(63)
000
000 Registers comparison table, target value mode
DM 0000 First word of the comparison table

SBN(92) 030

Interrupt program 30
RET(93)

SBN(92) 031

Interrupt program 31
RET(93)

Application Example This example shows a program that uses the high-speed counter with phase-dif-
(Up/Down Mode) ference inputs in the Up/Down Mode, making comparisons by means of the
range comparison method.
The comparison conditions (upper/lower limits of the ranges) are stored in the
comparison table with the subroutine numbers. Up to 8 separate ranges can be
defined. The corresponding subroutine is executed when the counter’s PV is
within the range.
Note Always set 8 ranges. If fewer than 8 ranges are needed, set the remaining sub-
routine numbers to FFFF. A value of FFFF indicates that no subroutine is to be
executed.
The following data is stored for the comparison table:
DM 0000 1500
DM 0001 0000 Lower limit 1: 1,500 counts
DM 0002 3000
DM 0003 0000 Upper limit 1: 3,000 counts
DM 0004 0040 Range 1 interrupt subroutine no.: 40
DM 0005 7500
DM 0006 0000 Lower limit 2: 7,500 counts
DM 0007 0000
DM 0008 0001 Upper limit 2: 10,000 counts
DM 0009 0041 Range 2 interrupt subroutine no.: 41
DM 0010 0000
DM 0011 0000

82
SRM1 Interrupt Functions Section 1-7

DM 0012 0000
DM 0013 0000
DM 0014 FFFF Range 3 interrupt subroutine not executed
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
DM 0035 0000
DM 0036 0000
DM 0037 0000
DM 0038 0000
DM 0039 FFFF Range 8 interrupt subroutine not executed
The following diagram shows the example ladder program. DM 6642 must be
set to 010, where is the reset method which can be set to 0 or 1.

25315 (ON for first cycle)

CTBL(63)
000
001 Registers comparison table, range comparison mode
DM 0000 First word of the comparison table

SBN(92) 040

Interrupt program 40
RET(93)

SBN(92) 041

Interrupt program 41
RET(93)

1-7 SRM1 Interrupt Functions

This section explains the settings and methods for using the SRM1 interrupt
functions.

1-7-1 Types of Interrupts

The SRM1 has only one type of interrupt processing, as outlined below.
Interval Timer Interrupts
Interrupt processing is executed by an interval timer with a precision of 0.1 ms.

1-7-2 Interval Timer Interrupts

The SRM1 is equipped with one interval timer. When the interval timer times out,
the main program is interrupted and the interrupt program is executed immedi-
ately, regardless of the point in the cycle.
There are two modes for interval timer operation, the One-shot Mode, in which
only one interrupt will be executed when time expires, and the Scheduled Inter-
rupt Mode in which the interrupt is repeated at a fixed interval.
The interval timer’s set value can be set anywhere from 0.5 to 319968 ms, in
units of 0.1 ms.

83
SRM1 Interrupt Functions Section 1-7

Operation Use the following instruction to activate and control the interval timer.
Starting Up in One-Shot Mode
Use the STIM(69) instruction to start the interval timer in the one-shot mode.

(@)STIM(69)
C1: Interval timer, one-shot mode (000)
C1
C2: Timer set value (first word address)
C2
C3: Subroutine no. (4 digits BCD): 0000 to 0049
C3

1, 2, 3... 1. When C2 is entered as a word address:

(@)STIM(69)
C1: Interval timer, scheduled interrupt mode (003)
C1
C2: Timer set value (leading word no.)
C2
C3: Subroutine no. (4 digits BCD): 0000 to 0049
C3

1, 2, 3... 1. When C2 is entered as a word address:

C2: Decrementing counter set value (4 digits BCD): 0000 to 9999
C2 + 1: Decrementing time interval (4 digits BCD; unit: 0.1 ms): 0005 to 0320
(0.5 ms to 32 ms)
The meanings of the settings are the same as for the one-shot mode, but in
the scheduled interrupt mode the timer PV will be reset to the set value and
decrementing will begin again after the subroutine has been called. In the
scheduled interrupt mode, interrupts will continue to be repeated at fixed in-
tervals until the operation is stopped.
2. When C2 is entered as a constant:
The settings are the same as for the one-shot mode, but interrupts will con-
tinue to be repeated at fixed intervals until the operation is stopped.
Reading the Timer’s Elapsed Time
Use the STIM(69) instruction to read the timer’s elapsed time.

(@)STIM(69)
C1: Read elapsed time (006)
C1
C2: Leading word of parameter 1
C2
C3: Parameter 2
C3

C2: Number of times the decrementing counter has been decremented (4 digits
BCD)
C2 + 1: Decrementing counter time interval (4 digits BCD; unit: 0.1 ms)
C3: Elapsed time from previous decrement (4 digits BCD; unit: 0.1 ms)

84
SRM1 Interrupt Functions Section 1-7

The time from when the interval timer is started until the execution of this instruc-
tion is calculated as follows:
{(Content of C2) × (Content of C2+1) + (Content of C3)} × 0.1 ms
If the specified interval timer is stopped, then “0000” will be stored.
Stopping the Timer
Use the STIM(69) instruction to stop the interval timer. The interval timer will be
stopped.

(@)STIM(69)
C1
C1: Stop interval timer (010)
000

000

Application Example In this example, an interrupt is generated 2.4 ms (0.6 ms × 4) after input 00005
(One-shot Mode) goes ON; the interrupt executes interrupt subroutine number 23.

25315 First Cycle Flag

ON for 1 cycle
MOV(21)
#0004 Sets the decrementing counter‘s set value to 4.
DM 0010 (BCD: 0000 to 9999)

SBN(92) 023

Interrupt program

RET(93)

85
CompoBus/S Distributed I/O Functions (SRM1 Only) Section 1-8

Application Example In this example, an interrupt is generated every 4.0 ms (1.0 ms × 4) after input
(Scheduled Interrupt Mode) 00005 goes ON; the interrupts execute interrupt subroutine number 23.

25315 First Cycle Flag

ON for 1 cycle
MOV(21)
#0004 Sets the decrementing counter‘s set value to 4.
DM 0010 (BCD: 0000 to 9999)

SBN(92) 023

Interrupt program
RET(93)

1-8 CompoBus/S Distributed I/O Functions (SRM1 Only)

No. of Connected Nodes A maximum of either 16 or 32 CompoBus/S nodes may be connected.

No. of nodes set Communications response time

32 0.8 ms
16 0.5 ms

The maximum no. of nodes can be set from a Programming Device by making
the following settings in DM 6603.

Word Bit(s) Function Setting

DM 6603 00 to 03 Sets the maximum no. of CompoBus/S 00 or 01
nodes to either 16 or 32.
00: 32 nodes
01: 16 nodes
04 to 15 Not used. 00

Note When changes are made to these settings, always turn the power off and on
again to make the new setting effective.

Slave Interrupts Input bits in IR 000 to IR 007 and output bits in IR 010 to IR 017 are used as inter-
rupts for CompoBus/S I/O Terminals. The CompoBus/S I/O Terminal interrupts
(IN 0 to 15 and OUT 0 to 15) are allocated as indicated in the following table.
IN0 to IN15 are the node addresses for the Input Terminals and OUT0 to OUT15
are the node addresses for the Output Terminals.

86
Communications Functions Section 1-9

Word Bit
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Input IR 000 IN1 IN0
IR 001 IN3 IN2
IR 002 IN5 IN4
IR 003 IN7 IN6
IR 004 IN9 IN8
IR 005 IN11 IN10
IR 006 IN13 IN12
IR 007 IN15 IN14
Output IR 010 OUT1 OUT0
IR 011 OUT3 OUT2
IR 012 OUT5 OUT4
IR 013 OUT7 OUT6
IR 014 OUT9 OUT8
IR 015 OUT11 OUT10
IR 016 OUT13 OUT12
IR 017 OUT15 OUT14

Note 1. When the maximum number of CompoBus/S nodes is set to 16, IN8 to IN15
can be used as work bits.
2. CompoBus/S Terminals with less than 8 points are allocated bit addresses
from either 0 or 8.
3. CompoBus/S Terminals with 16 points can be set for only even number ad-
dresses.
Status Flags The communications status between CompoBus/S terminals is output through
AR04 to AR07 Slave Add Flags and Slave Communications Error Flags.
Word Uppermost bits: Slave Communications Error Flags Lower Bits: Slave Add Flags
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
AR04 OUT OUT OUT OUT OUT OUT OUT OUT OUT OUT OUT OUT OUT OUT OUT OUT
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
AR05 IN7 IN6 IN5 IN4 IN3 IN2 IN1 IN0 IN7 IN6 IN5 IN4 IN3 IN2 IN1 IN0
AR06 OUT OUT OUT OUT OUT OUT OUT OUT OUT OUT OUT OUT OUT OUT OUT OUT
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8
AR07 IN15 IN14 IN13 IN12 IN11 IN10 IN9 IN8 IN15 IN14 IN13 IN12 IN11 IN10 IN9 IN8

Note 1. IN0 to IN15 are the input terminals and OUT0 to OUT15 are the output termi-
nals.
2. When the maximum number of CompoBus/S units is set to 16, IN8 to IN15
and OUT8 to OUT15 cannot be used.
3. The Slave Add Flag turns ON when a slave joins the communications. When
the power to the CPU Unit is turned OFF and ON again all bits will turn OFF.
4. The Slave Communications Error Flag turns ON when a slave participating
in the network is separated from the network. The bit will turn OFF when the
slave re-enters the network.

1-9 Communications Functions

CQM1 Communications The following types of communications can be executed through the ports of the
CQM1.
• Host link communications with a host computer
• RS-232C communications with a computer or other device
• One-to-one link communications with another CQM1

87
Communications Functions Section 1-9

Note These types of communications cannot be carried out with the CQM1-CPU11-E,
which is equipped with only a peripheral port.
This section explains the required PC Setup and methods for using these types
of communications.
CPM1/CPM1A The CPM1/CPM1A can execute a variety of communications through its periph-
Communications eral port via an RS-232C Adapter or an RS-422 Adapter.
Host Link Communications
The CPM1/CPM1A PCs are compatible with the Host Link System, which allows
up to 32 PCs to be controlled from a host computer. An RS-232C Adapter is used
for 1-to-1 communications and an RS-422 Adapter and B500-AL004 Link
Adapter are used for 1-to-n communications.
A CPM1/CPM1A equipped with an RS-232C Adapter can also communicate
with a Programmable Terminal using host link commands.
Refer to 1-9-4 CPM1/CPM1A Host Link Communications in this manual and
1-2-2 Host Link Communications in the CPM1 Operation Manual or 1-2-2 Host
Link Communications in the CPM1A Operation Manual for more details.
1-to-1 Link
A data link can be created with a data area in another CPM1, CPM1A, CQM1, or
C200HS PC. An RS-232C Adapter is used to make the 1-to-1 connection.
Refer to 1-9-8 CPM1/CPM1A One-to-one Link Communications in this manual
and 1-2-3 1-to-1 Communications Links in the CPM1 Operation Manual or 1-2-3
1-to-1 Communications Links in the CPM1A Operation Manual for more details.
NT Link
Using the NT link, the CPM1/CPM1A PC can connected to the Programmable
Terminal (NT Link Interface) through an RS-232C Adapter.
Refer to 1-9-9 CPM1/CPM1A NT Link Communications in this manual and 1-2-4
NT Link Communications in the CPM1 Operation Manual or NT Link Commu-
nications in the CPM1A Operation Manual for more details.
SRM1 Communications The following types of communications can be executed through the ports of the
SRM1.
• Host link communications with a host computer
• RS-232C communications with a computer or other device
• One-to-one link communications with another SRM1
• NT Link communications with Programmable Terminals
Note NT Link communications are not possible with the SRM1-C01, which is
equipped with only a peripheral port. The SRM1-C01 may be connected to a PT
through an RS-232C Adapter in Host Link mode.

1-9-1 CQM1 PC Setup

The PC Setup parameters in DM 6645 through DM 6654 are used to set parame-
ters for the communications ports. The parameters for the RS-232C port in
DM 6645 through DM 6649 can be set from menu operations using the SSS.
If pin 5 on the CQM1’s DIP switch is turned ON, the PC Setup communications
parameters will be ignored and the following parameters will be used.
Mode: Host link
Node number: 00
Start bits: 1 bit
Data length: 7 bits
Stop bits: 2 bit
Parity: Even
Baud rate: 9,600 bps
Transmission delay: None

88
Communications Functions Section 1-9

Note The above setting apply to CPU Units manufactured from July 1995 (lot number
**75 for July 1995). For CPU Units manufactured before July 1995 (lot number
**65 for June 1995), only 1 stop bit will be set and the baud rate will be 2,400 bps.
The settings in DM 6645 and DM 6650 determine the main communications pa-
rameters, as shown in the following diagram.
Bit 15 0
DM 6645: RS-232C port
DM 6650: Peripheral port

Communications mode
0: Host link
1: RS-232C
2: One-to-one link slave
3: One-to-one link master
4: One-to-one NT Link (See note.)

Link words for one-to-one link

0: LR 00 to LR 63
1: LR 00 to LR 31
2: LR 00 to LR 16
Port settings
00: Standard communication conditions
01: According to setting in DM 6646, DM 6651

Default: Host link using standard parameters

Note: A 1:1 NT Link cannot be used with the RS-232C port
on the CQM1-CPU21-E or peripheral port.

One-to-one Links
To use a 1:1 link, the only settings necessary are the communications mode and
the link words. Set the communications mode for one of the PCs to the 1:1 mas-
ter and the other to the 1:1 slave, and then set the link words in the PC desig-
nated as the master. Bits 08 to 11 are valid only for the master for link one-to-one.
Note One-to-one link communications are possible for the RS-232C port only. This
setting is not possible for the peripheral port. A 1:1 NT Link cannot be used with
the CQM1-CPU21-E.

Host Link Node Number

A node number must be set for host link communications to differentiate be-
tween nodes when multiple nodes are participating in communications. This set-
ting is required only for host link communications. To use host link communica-
tions, the host link must be specified as the communications mode and the com-
munications parameters must be set (see following section).
Bit 15 0
DM 6648: RS-232C port 0 0
DM 6653: Peripheral port

Node number
(2 digits BCD): 00 to 31

Default: 00

Set the node number to 00 unless multiple nodes are connected in a network.

RS-232C Start and End Codes and Data Received

Start and end codes or the amount of data to be received can be set as shown in
the following diagrams if required for RS-232C communications. This setting is
required only for RS-232C communications. To use RS-232C communications,
the RS-232C must be specified as the communications mode and the commu-
nications parameters must be set (see next section).

89
Communications Functions Section 1-9

Enabling Start and End Codes

Bit 15 0
DM 6648: RS-232C port
DM 6653: Peripheral port 0 0

End code
0: Not set (Amount of reception data specified.)
1: Set (End code specified.)
2: CR/LF
Start code
0: Not set
1: Set (Start code specified.)

Defaults: No start code; data reception complete at 256 bytes.

Specify whether or not a start code is to be set at the beginning of the data, and
whether or not an end code is to be set at the end. Instead of setting the end
code, it is possible to specify the number of bytes to be received before the re-
ception operation is completed. Both the codes and the number of bytes of data
to be received are set in DM 6649 or DM 6654.
Setting the Start Code, End Code, and Amount of Reception Data

Bit 15 0
DM 6649: RS-232C port
DM 6654: Peripheral port

End code or number of bytes to be received

For end code: (00 to FF)
For amount of reception data: 2 digits hexadecimal, 00 to FF (00: 256 bytes)

Start code 00 to FF

Defaults: No start code; data reception complete at 256 bytes.

Host Link and RS-232C Communications Parameters

Select either host link or RS-232C communications and then set the commu-
nications parameters as described next. Match the communications conditions
to the settings at the device with which communications are being carried out.

Standard Communications If the following settings are satisfactory for these communications conditions,
then set the two rightmost digits to 00. The settings in DM 6646 and DM 6651 will
be ignored for this setting.
Start bits: 1 bit
Data length: 7 bits
Stop bits: 2 bits
Parity: Even
Baud rate: 9,600 bps

Setting Communications Conditions

Bit 15 0
DM 6646: RS-232C port
DM 6651: Peripheral port

Transmission Frame Format (See table below.)

Baud rate (See table below.)

Default: Standard communication conditions.

90
Communications Functions Section 1-9

Transmission Frame Setting Stop bits Data length Stop bits Parity
Format
00 1 7 1 Even
01 1 7 1 Odd
02 1 7 1 None
03 1 7 2 Even
04 1 7 2 Odd
05 1 7 2 None
06 1 8 1 Even
07 1 8 1 Odd
08 1 8 1 None
09 1 8 2 Even
10 1 8 2 Odd
11 1 8 2 None

Baud Rate Setting Baud rate

00 1,200 bps
01 2,400 bps
02 4,800 bps
03 9,600 bps
04 19,200 bps

Transmission Delay Time Depending on the devices connected to the RS-232 port, it may be necessary to
allow time for transmission. When that is the case, set the transmission delay to
regulate the amount of time allowed.

Bit 15 0
DM 6647: RS-232C port
DM 6652: Peripheral port

Transmission delay (4 digits BCD; unit: 10 ms)

Default: No delay

1-9-2 Wiring Ports

Refer to the CQM1 Operation Manual, CPM1 Operation Manual, CPM1A Op-
eration Manual or SRM1 Master Control Units Operation Manual for information
on wiring the communications ports.

1-9-3 CQM1 Host Link Communications

Host link communications were developed by OMRON for the purpose of con-
necting PCs and one or more host computers by RS-232C cable, and controlling
PC communications from the host computer. Normally the host computer issues
a command to a PC, and the PC automatically sends back a response. Thus the
communications are carried out without the PCs being actively involved. The
PCs also have the ability to initiate data transmissions when direct involvement
is necessary.
In general, there are two means for implementing host link communications.
One is based on C-mode commands, and the other on FINS (CV-mode) com-
mands. The CQM1 supports C-mode commands only. For details on host link
communications, refer to Section 6 Host Link Commands.

91
Communications Functions Section 1-9

Communications Procedure This section explains how to use the host link to execute data transmissions from
the CQM1. Using this method enables automatic data transmission from the
CQM1 when data is changed, and thus simplifies the communications process
by eliminating the need for constant monitoring by the computer.

1, 2, 3... 1. Check to see that AR 0805 (RS-232C Port Transmit Ready Flag) is ON.
2. Use the TXD(48) instruction to transmit the data.

(@)TXD(48) S: Beginning word no. of transmission data

S C: Control data
C Bits 00 to 03
0: Leftmost bytes first
N
1: Rightmost bytes first
Bits 12 to 15
0: RS-232C port
1: Peripheral port
N: Number of bytes of data to be sent (4 digits BCD)
0000 to 0256

From the time this instruction is executed until the data transmission is complete,
AR 0805 (or AR 0813 for the peripheral port) will remain OFF. It will turn ON
again upon completion of the data transmission. The TXD(48) instruction does
not provide for a response, so in order to receive confirmation that the computer
has received the data, the computer’s program must be written so that it gives
notification when data is written from the CQM1.
The transmission data frame is as shown below for data transmitted in the Host
Link Mode by means of the TXD(48) instruction.

@ E X ↵
x 101 x 100

Node Header code Data (up to 122 characters) FCS Terminator

No. (Must be “EX”)

To reset the RS-232C port (i.e., to restore the initial status), turn ON SR 25209.
To reset the peripheral port, turn ON SR 25208. These bits will turn OFF auto-
matically after the reset.
If the TXD(48) instruction is executed while the CQM1 is in the middle of re-
sponding to a command from the computer, the response transmission will first
be completed before the transmission is executed according to the TXD(48)
instruction. In all other cases, data transmission based on a TXD(48) instruction
will be given first priority.

Application Example This example shows a program for using the RS-232C port in the Host Link
Mode to transmit 10 bytes of data (DM 0000 to DM 0004) to the computer. The
default values are assumed for all the PC Setup (i.e., the RS-232C port is used in
Host Link Mode, the node number is 00, and the standard communications
conditions are used.) From DM 0000 to DM 0004, “1234” is stored in every word.
From the computer, execute a program to receive CQM1 data with the standard
communications conditions.

00100 AR0805
@TXD(48)
DM 0000 If AR 0805 (the Transmit Ready Flag) is ON
when IR 00100 turns ON, the ten bytes of
#0000
data (DM 0000 to DM 0004) will be trans-
#0010 mitted.

92
Communications Functions Section 1-9

The following type of program must be prepared in the host computer to receive
the data. This program allows the computer to read and display the data re-
ceived from the PC while a host link read command is being executed to read
data from the PC.
10 ’CQM1 SAMPLE PROGRAM FOR EXCEPTION
20 CLOSE 1
30 CLS
40 OPEN ”COM:E73” AS #1
50 KEYIN
60 INPUT ”DATA ––––––––”,S$
70 IF S$=” ” THEN GOTO 190
80 PRINT ”SEND DATA = ”;S$
90 ST$=S$
100 INPUT ”SEND OK? Y or N?=”,B$
110 IF B$=”Y” THEN GOTO 130 ELSE GOTO KEYIN
120 S$=ST$
130 PRINT #1,S$ ’Sends command to PC
140 INPUT #1,R$ ’Receives response from PC
150 PRINT ”RECV DATA = ”;R$
160 IF MID$(R$,4,2)=”EX” THEN GOTO 210 ’Identifies command from PC
170 IF RIGHT$(R$,1)<>”” THEN S$=” ”:GOTO 130
180 GOTO KEYIN
190 CLOSE 1
200 END
210 PRINT ”EXCEPTION!! DATA”
220 GOTO 140
The data received by the computer will be as shown below. (FCS is “59.”)
“@00EX1234123412341234123459CR”

1-9-4 CPM1/CPM1A Host Link Communications

Host link communications were developed by OMRON for the purpose of con-
necting PCs and one or more host computers by RS-232C cable, and controlling
PC communications from the host computer. Normally the host computer issues
a command to a PC, and the PC automatically sends back a response. Thus the
communications are carried out without the PCs being actively involved. The
PCs also have the ability to initiate data transmissions when direct involvement
is necessary.
In general, there are two means for implementing host link communications.
One is based on C-mode commands, and the other on FINS (CV-mode) com-
mands. The CPM1/CPM1A supports C-mode commands only. For details on
host link communications, refer to Section 6 Host Link Commands.

PC Setup Settings The CPM1/CPM1A’s peripheral port settings must be set properly in order to use
the host link communications, as shown in the following table.

Word Bit Function Setting

DM 6650 00 to 07 Port settings1 00
00: Standard (1 start bit, 7-bit data, even parity, 2 stop bits, 9,600 bps)
01: Settings in DM 6651
08 to 11 Link area for one-to-one PC link via peripheral port 0
0: LR 00 to LR 15 (Any val-
ue is OK)
12 to 15 Communications mode1 0
0: Host link; 2: One-to-one PC link (slave); 3: One-to-one PC link (master); 4: NT link

93
Communications Functions Section 1-9

Word Bit Function Setting

DM 6651 00 to 07 Baud rate1 00
00: 1.2K, 01: 2.4K, 02: 4.8K, 03: 9.6K, 04: 19.2K (Any val-
ue is OK)
08 to 15 Frame format1 00
Start Length Stop Parity (Any val-
00: 1 bit 7 bits 1 bit Even ue is OK)
01: 1 bit 7 bits 1 bit Odd
02: 1 bit 7 bits 1 bit None
03: 1 bit 7 bits 2 bit Even
04: 1 bit 7 bits 2 bit Odd
05: 1 bit 7 bits 2 bit None
06: 1 bit 8 bits 1 bit Even
07: 1 bit 8 bits 1 bit Odd
08: 1 bit 8 bits 1 bit None
09: 1 bit 8 bits 2 bit Even
10: 1 bit 8 bits 2 bit Odd
11: 1 bit 8 bits 2 bit None
DM 6652 00 to 15 Transmission delay (Host Link)1 0000
0000 to 9999: In ms.
DM 6653 00 to 07 Node number (Host link)1 00 to 31
00 to 31 (BCD)
08 to 15 Not used. 00
(Any val-
ue is OK)

Note 1. If an improper setting is used, a non-fatal error will occur, AR 1302 will be
turned ON, and the default setting (0, 00, or 0000) will be used.
2. For information on the host link settings for another OMRON PC, refer to
that PC’s Operation Manual.
3. If an out-of-range value is set, the following communications conditions will
result. In that case, reset the value so that it is within the permissible range.
Communications mode: Host Link
Communications format: Standard settings
(1 start bit, 7-bit data; even parity, 2 stop bits,
9,600 bps)
Transmission delay: No
Node number: 00

94
Communications Functions Section 1-9

Example Program This example shows a BASIC program that reads the status of the CPM1’s in-
puts in IR 000. For more details, refer to Section 6 Host Link Commands.
An FCS (frame check sequence) check isn’t performed on the received re-
sponse data in this program. Be sure that the host computer’s RS-232C port is
configured correctly before executing the program.
1010 ’CPM1 SAMPLE PROGRAM
1020 ’SET THE COMMAND DATA
1030 S$=”@00RR00000001”
1040 FCS=0
1050 FOR I=1 TO LEN(S$)
1060 FCS=FCS XOR ASC(MID$(S$,I,1))
1070 NEXT I
1080 FCS$=(FCS):IF LEN(FCS$)=1 THEN FCS$=”0”+FCS$
1090 CLOSE 1
1100 CLS
1110 PRINT ”SENDING COMMAND”
1120 OPEN ”COM:E73” AS #1
1130 PRINT #1,S$ + FCS + CHR$(13);
1140 CLS
1150 PRINT ”RECEIVING RESPONSE DATA”
1160 LINE INPUT #1,A$
1170 PRINT A$
1180 END

1-9-5 SRM1 Host Link Communications

Host link communications were developed by OMRON for the purpose of con-
necting PCs and one or more host computers by RS-232C cable, and controlling
PC communications from a host computer. Normally the host computer issues a
command to a PC, and the PC automatically sends back a response. Thus the
communications are carried out without the PCs being actively involved. The
PCs also have the ability to initiate data transmissions when direct involvement
is necessary.
In general, there are two means for implementing host link communications.
One is based on C-mode commands, and the other on FINS (CV-mode) com-
mands. The SRM1 supports C-mode commands only. For details on host link
communications, refer to Section 6 Host Link Commands.

PC Setup Settings The SRM1’s peripheral port and RS-232C port settings must be set properly in
order to use the host link communications, as shown in the following table.

Word Bit Function Setting

Peripheral Port Settings
The following settings are effective after transfer to the PC.
DM 6650 00 to 03 Port settings To match
0: Standard (1 start bit, 7-bit data, even parity, 2 stop bits, 9,600 bps) host pa-
1: Settings in DM 6651 rameters
(Other settings will cause a non-fatal error, the default setting (0) will be used, and
AR 1302 will turn ON.)
04 to 07 Not used. 0
08 to 11 Not used. 0
12 to 15 Communications mode 0: Host
0: Host link; 1: No protocol link
(Other settings will cause a non-fatal error, the default setting (0) will be used, and
AR 1302 will turn ON.)

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Communications Functions Section 1-9

Word Bit Function Setting

DM 6651 00 to 07 Baud rate To match
00: 1.2K, 01: 2.4K, 02: 4.8K, 03: 9.6K, 04: 19.2K host pa-
rameters
08 to 15 Frame format To match
Start Length Stop Parity host pa-
00: 1 bit 7 bits 1 bit Even rameters
01: 1 bit 7 bits 1 bit Odd
02: 1 bit 7 bits 1 bit None
03: 1 bit 7 bits 2 bit Even
04: 1 bit 7 bits 2 bit Odd
05: 1 bit 7 bits 2 bit None
06: 1 bit 8 bits 1 bit Even
07: 1 bit 8 bits 1 bit Odd
08: 1 bit 8 bits 1 bit None
09: 1 bit 8 bits 2 bit Even
10: 1 bit 8 bits 2 bit Odd
11: 1 bit 8 bits 2 bit None
(Other settings will cause a non-fatal error, the default setting (00) will be used, and
AR 1302 will turn ON.)
DM 6652 00 to 15 Transmission delay (Host Link) To match
0000 to 9999 (BCD): Set in units of 10 ms. host pa-
(Other settings will cause a non-fatal error, the default setting (0000) will be used, rameters
and AR 1302 will turn ON.)
DM 6653 00 to 07 Node number (Host link) 00 to 31
00 to 31 (BCD)
(Other settings will cause a non-fatal error, the default setting (0000) will be used,
and AR 1302 will turn ON.)
08 to 11 Start code enable (RS-232C, effective when bits 12 to 15 of DM 6650 are set to 1.) Any
0: Disable
1: Set
12 to 15 End code enable (RS-232C, effective when bits 12 to 15 of DM 6650 are set to 1.) Any
0: Disable (number of bytes received)
1: Set (specified end code)
2: CR, LF
DM 6654 00 to 07 Start code (effective when bits 08 to 11 of DM6650 are set to 1.) Any
00: 256 bytes
01 to FF: 1 to 255 bytes
08 to 15 End code (no protocol) Any
When bits 12 to 15 of DM6653 are set to 0:
00: 256 bytes
01 to FF: 1 to 255 bytes
When bits 12 to 15 of DM6653 are set to 1:
Setting: 00 to FF (binary)

Note If an out-of-range value is set, the following communications conditions will re-
sult. In that case, reset the value so that it is within the permissible range.
Communications mode: Host Link
Communications format: Standard settings
(1 start bit, 7-bit data; even parity, 2 stop bits,
9,600 bps)
Transmission delay: No
Node number: 00
Word Bit Function Setting
RS-232C Port Settings
The following settings are effective after transfer to the PC.
DM 6645 00 to 03 Port settings To match
0: Standard (1 start bit, 7-bit data, even parity, 2 stop bits, 9,600 bps) host pa-
1: Settings in DM 6646 rameters

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Communications Functions Section 1-9

Word Bit Function Setting

04 to 07 CTS control settings 0
0: Disable; 1: Set
08 to 11 Link words for 1:1 link
0: LR 00 to LR 15; Other: Not effective
12 to 15 Communications mode 0: Host
0: Host link; 1: RS-232C (no protocol); 2: 1:1 data link slave; 3: 1:1 data link mas- link
ter; 4: NT Link
DM 6646 00 to 07 Baud rate To match
00: 1.2K, 01: 2.4K, 02: 4.8K, 03: 9.6K, 04: 19.2K host pa-
rameters
08 to 15 Frame format To match
Start Length Stop Parity host pa-
00: 1 bit 7 bits 1 bit Even rameters
01: 1 bit 7 bits 1 bit Odd
02: 1 bit 7 bits 1 bit None
03: 1 bit 7 bits 2 bit Even
04: 1 bit 7 bits 2 bit Odd
05: 1 bit 7 bits 2 bit None
06: 1 bit 8 bits 1 bit Even
07: 1 bit 8 bits 1 bit Odd
08: 1 bit 8 bits 1 bit None
09: 1 bit 8 bits 2 bit Even
10: 1 bit 8 bits 2 bit Odd
11: 1 bit 8 bits 2 bit None
DM 6647 00 to 15 Transmission delay (Host Link) To match
0000 to 9999 (BCD): Set in units of 10 ms, e.g., setting of 0001 equals 10 ms host pa-
rameters
DM 6648 00 to 07 Node number (Host link, effective when bits 12 to 15 of DM 6645 are set to 0.) 00 to 31
00 to 31 (BCD)
08 to 11 Start code enable (RS-232C, effective when bits 12 to 15 of DM 6645 are set to 1.) Any
0: Disable; 1: Set
12 to 15 End code enable (RS-232C, effective when bits 12 to 15 of DM 6645 are set to 1.) Any
0: Disable (number of bytes received)
1: Set (specified end code)
2: CR, LF
DM 6649 00 to 07 Start code (RS-232C) Any
00: 256 bytes
01 to FF: 1 to 255 bytes
08 to 15 End code enable (RS-232C) Any
00 to FF (BIN)

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Communications Functions Section 1-9

Example Program This example shows a BASIC program that reads the status of the SRM1’s in-
puts in IR 000. For more details, refer to Section 6 Host Link Commands.
An FCS (frame check sequence) check isn’t performed on the received re-
sponse data in this program. Be sure that the host computer’s RS-232C port is
configured correctly before executing the program.
1000 ’
1010 ’SRM1 Sample Program for PC-9801 N88-BASIC
1020 ’
1050 ’
1060 ’ Set value RS-232C SPEED:9600BPS,PAR-
ITY:EVEN,DATA:7,STOP:2
1070 OPEN ”COM:E73” AS #1
1080 *REPEAT
1090 ’ Transmission data input
1100 INPUT ”send data:”,SEND$
1110 ’ FCS Calculation
1120 FCS=0
1130 FOR IFCS=1 TO LEN(SEND$)
1140 FCS=FCS XOR ASC(MID$(SEND$;IFCS,1)
1150 NEXT
1160 FCS$=RIGHT$(”0”+HEX$(FCS),2)
1170 ’ Communications execute
1180 ZZZ$=SEND$+FCS$+”*”+CHR$(13)
1190 PRINT #1,ZZZ$;
1200 ’ Response check
1210 RECCNT=0:TMP$=””
1220 *DRECLOOP
1230 IF LOC(1)<>0 THEN *DREC1
1240 RECCNT=RECCNT+1
1250 IF RECCNT=5000 THEN *DRECERR ELSE *DRECLOOP
1260 *DREC1
1270 TMP$=TMP$+INPUT$(LOC(1),#1)
1280 IF RIGHT$(TMP$,1)=CHR$(13) THEN *DRECEND ELSE
RECCNT=0:GOTO *DRECLOOP
1290 *DRECERR
1300 TMP$=”No response!!”+CHR$(13)
1310 *DRECEND
1320 RECV$=TMP$
1330 PRINT ”receive data:”;RECV$
1340 ’ Go to transmission data input
1350 GOTO *REPEAT
1360 ’ Processing complete
1370 CLOSE #1
1380 END

1-9-6 RS-232C Communications (CQM1/SRM1 Only)

This section explains RS-232C communications. By using RS-232C commu-
nications, the data can be printed out by a printer or read by a bar code reader.
Handshaking is not supported for RS-232C communications.

Communications Procedure
Transmissions

1, 2, 3... 1. Check to see that AR 0805 (the RS-232C Port Transmit Ready Flag) has
turned ON.

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Communications Functions Section 1-9

2. Use the TXD(48) instruction to transmit the data.

(@)TXD(48) S: Leading word no. of data to be transmitted

S C: Control data
C
N: Number of bytes to be transmitted (4 digits BCD), 0000 to 0256
N

From the time this instruction is executed until the data transmission is complete,
AR 0805 ( or AR0813 for the peripheral port) will remain OFF. (It will turn ON
again upon completion of the data transmission.)
Start and end codes are not included when the number of bytes to be transmitted
is specified. The largest transmission that can be sent with or without start and
end codes in 256 bytes, N will be between 254 and 256 depending on the desig-
nations for start and end codes. If the number of bytes to be sent is set to 0000,
only the start and end codes will be sent.
256 bytes max.

Start code Data End code

To reset the RS-232C port (i.e., to restore the initial status), turn on SR 25209. To
reset the peripheral port, turn on SR 25208. These bites will turn OFF automati-
cally after the reset.
Receptions
1, 2, 3... 1. Confirm that AR 0806 (RS-232C Reception Complete Flag) or AR 0814 (Pe-
ripheral Reception Complete Flag) is ON.
2. Use the RXD(47) instruction to receive the data.

(@)RXD(47)
D: Leading word no. for storing reception data
D
C: Control data
C Bits 00 to 03
N 0: Leftmost bytes first
1: Rightmost bytes first
Bits 12 to 15
0: RS-232C port
1: Peripheral port
N: Number of bytes stored (4 digits BCD), 0000 to 0256

3. The results of reading the data received will be stored in the AR area. Check
to see that the operation was successfully completed. The contents of these
bits will be reset each time RXD(47) is executed.
RS-232C Peripheral Error
port port
AR 0800 to AR 0808 to RS-232C port error code (1 digit BCD) 0: Normal
AR 0803 AR 0811 completion 1: Parity error 2: Framing error 3: Over-
run error
AR 0804 AR0812 Communications error
AR 0807 AR0815 Reception Overrun Flag (After reception was com-
pleted, the subsequent data was received before the
data was read by means of the RXD(47) instruction.)
AR 09 AR10 Number of bytes received

To reset the RS-232C port (i.e., to restore the initial status), turn ON SR 25209.
To reset the peripheral port, turn ON SR 25208. These bits will turn OFF auto-
matically after the reset.

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Communications Functions Section 1-9

The start code and end code are not included in AR 09 or AR 10 (number of bytes
received).
Application Example This example shows a program for using the RS-232C port in the RS-232C
Mode to transmit 10 bytes of data (DM 0100 to DM 0104) to the computer, and to
store the data received from the computer in the DM area beginning with
DM 0200. Before executing the program, the following PC Setup setting must be
made.
DM 6645: 1000 (RS-232C port in RS-232C Mode; standard communications
conditions)
DM 6648: 2000 (No start code; end code CR/LF)
The default values are assumed for all other PC Setup settings. From DM 0100
to DM 0104, 3132 is stored in every word. From the computer, execute a pro-
gram to receive CQM1 data with the standard communications conditions.
00100
DIFU(13) 00101

00101 AR0805
@TXD(48) If AR 0805 (the Transmit Ready Flag) is ON
DM 0100 when IR 00100 turns ON, the ten bytes of data
#0000
(DM 0100 to DM 0104) will be transmitted, left-
most bytes first.
#0010

AR0806
@RXD(47) When AR 0806 (Reception Completed Flag)
DM 0200 goes ON, the number of bytes of data specified in
AR 09 will be read from the CQM1’s reception
#0000
buffer and stored in memory starting at DM 0200,
AR09 leftmost bytes first.

The data will be as follows: “31323132313231323132CR LF”

1-9-7 CQM1 One-to-one Link Communications

If two CQM1s are linked one-to-one by connecting them together through their
RS-232C ports, they can share common LR areas. When two CQM1s are linked
one-to-one, one of them will serve as the master and the other as the slave.
Note The peripheral port cannot be used for 1:1 links.
One-to-one Links A one-to-one link allows two CQM1s to share common data in their LR areas. As
shown in the diagram below, when data is written into a word the LR area of one
of the linked Units, it will automatically be written identically into the same word of
the other Unit. Each PC has specified words to which it can write and specified
words that are written to by the other PC. Each can read, but cannot write, the
words written by the other PC.
Master Slave

Master area Write “1” 1 Master area

Written automatically.

Slave area 1 1 Write Slave area

The word used by each PC will be as shown in the following table, according to
the settings for the master, slave, and link words.
DM 6645 setting LR 00 to LR 63 LR 00 to LR 31 LR 00 to LR 15
Master words LR00 to LR31 LR00 to LR15 LR00 to LR07
Slave words LR32 to LR63 LR16 to LR31 LR08 to LR15

Communications Procedure If the settings for the master and the slave are made correctly, then the one-to-
one link will be automatically started up simply by turning on the power supply to
both the CQM1s and operation will be independent of the CQM1 operating
modes.

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Communications Functions Section 1-9

Link Errors If a slave does not received a response from the master within one second, the
1:1 Link Error Flag (AR 0802) and the Communications Error Flag (AR 0804) will
be turned ON.

Application Example This example shows a program for verifying the conditions for executing a one-
to-one link using the RS-232C ports. Before executing the program, set the fol-
lowing PC Setup parameters.
Master: DM 6645: 3200 (one-to-one link master; Area used: LR 00 to LR 15)
Slave: DM 6645: 2000 (one-to-one link slave)
The defaults are assumed for all other PC Setup parameters. The words used
for the one-to-one link are as shown below.

Master Slave
LR00 LR00
Area for writing Area for reading
LR07 LR07
LR08 LR08
Area for reading Area for writing
LR15 LR15

When the program is executed at both the master and the slave, the status of
IR 001 of each Unit will be reflected in IR 100 of the other Unit. Likewise, the sta-
tus of the other Unit’s IR 001 will be reflected in IR 100 of each Unit. IR 001 is an
input word and IR 100 is an output word
In the Master

25313 (Always ON)

MOV(21)
001
LR00

MOV(21)
LR08
100

In the Slave

25313 (Always ON)

MOV(21)
001
LR08

MOV(21)
LR00
100

1-9-8 CPM1/CPM1A One-to-one Link Communications

In a one-to-one link, a CPM1/CPM1A is linked to another CPM1/CPM1A, a
CQM1, or a C200HS through an RS-232C Adapter and standard RS-232C
cable. One of the PCs will serve as the master and the other as the slave. The
one-to-one link can connect up to 256 bits (LR 0000 to LR 1515) in the two PCs.

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Communications Functions Section 1-9

One-to-one CPM1/CPM1A The following diagram shows a one-to-one link between two CPM1s PCs. Refer
Links to the CPM1A Operation Manual for the corresponding information on the
CPM1A.
RS-232C Cable

RS-232C Adapter RS-232C Adapter

CPM1 CPU Unit CPM1 CPU Unit

The words used for the one-to-one link are as shown below.
Master Slave
LR00 LR00
Write data Area for writing Area for reading Read data
LR07 LR07
LR08 LR08
Read data Area for reading Area for writing Write data
LR15 LR15

Limitations of One-to-one Only the 16 LR words from LR 00 to LR 15 can be linked in the CPM1/CPM1A, so
Links with a CPM1/CPM1A use only those 16 words in the CQM1 or C200HS when making a one-to-one link
with one of those PCs. A one-to-one link cannot be made to a CPM1/CPM1A PC
using LR 16 through LR 63 in the CQM1 or C200HS.
PC Setup Settings The settings relating to 1-to-1 PC communications must be set as shown in the
following table.
Word Bit Function Setting Setting
(Master) (Slave)
DM 6650 00 to 07 Port settings1 00 00
00: Standard (1 start bit, 7-bit data, even parity, 2 stop bits, 9,600 bps) (Any val- (Any val-
01: Settings in DM 6651 ue is OK) ue is OK)
08 to 11 Link area for one-to-one PC link via peripheral port 0 0
0: LR 00 to LR 15 (Any val-
ue is OK)
12 to 15 Communications mode1 3 2
0: Host link; 2: 1-to-1 PC link (slave); 3: 1-to-1 PC link (master); 4: NT link

Note 1. If an improper setting is used, a non-fatal error will occur, AR 1302 will be
turned ON, and the default setting (0 or 00) will be used.
2. For information on the 1-to-1 link settings for another OMRON PC, refer to
that PC’s Operation Manual.
3. For information on CPM1/CPM1A one-to-one link connections and wiring
diagrams refer to 3-4-7 Host Link Connections in the CPM1 Operation
Manual or CPM1A Operation Manual. For the SRM1 refer to 3-4-4 RS-232C
Port Wiring in the SRM1 Master Control Unit Operation Manual.
4. If an out-of-range value is set, the following communications conditions will
result. In that case, reset the value so that it is within the permissible range.
Communications mode: Host Link
Communications format: Standard settings
(1 start bit, 7-bit data; even parity, 2 stop bits,
9,600 bps)
Transmission delay: No
Node number: 00

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Communications Functions Section 1-9

Example Program This example shows ladder programs that copy the status of IR 000 in each
CPM1/CPM1A to SR 200 in the other CPM1/CPM1A.
Program in the Master Program in the Slave

25313 (Always ON) 25313 (Always ON)

MOV(21) MOV(21)
000 000
LR00 LR08

MOV(21) MOV(21)
LR08 LR00
200 200

LR00 LR00
IR 000 Write Writing area Reading area Read SR 200
LR07 LR07
LR08 LR08
SR 200 Read Reading area Writing area Write IR 000
LR15 LR15

1-9-9 CPM1/CPM1A NT Link Communications

Using the NT link, the CPM1/CPM1A PC can connected to the Programmable
Terminal (NT Link Interface) through an RS-232C Adapter.
CPM1 PCs
Programmable Terminal RS-232C Adapter CPM1 CPU Unit

CPM1 CPU

RS-232C Cable

CPM1A PCs
RS-232C
OMRON Programmable Terminal Adapter CPM1A CPU Unit

RS-232C Cable

PC Setup Settings The settings relating to NT link PC communications must be set as shown in the
following table.
Word Bit Function Setting
DM 6650 00 to 07 Port settings1 00
00: Standard (1 start bit, 7-bit data, even parity, 2 stop bits, 9,600 bps) (Any val-
01: Settings in DM 6651 ue is OK)
08 to 11 Link area for one-to-one PC link via peripheral port 0
0: LR 00 to LR 15 (Any val-
ue is OK)
12 to 15 Communications mode1 4
0: Host link; 2: 1-to-1 PC link (slave); 3: 1-to-1 PC link (master); 4: NT link

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Communications Functions Section 1-9

Note 1. If an improper setting is used, a non-fatal error will occur, AR 1302 will be
turned ON, and the default setting (0 or 00) will be used.
2. For information on the NT link settings for another OMRON PC, refer to that
PC’s Operation Manual.
3. If an out-of-range value is set, the following communications conditions will
result. In that case, reset the value so that it is within the permissible range.
Communications mode: Host Link
Communications format: Standard settings
(1 start bit, 7-bit data; even parity, 2 stop bits,
9,600 bps)
Transmission delay: No
Node number: 00

1-9-10 SRM1 One-to-one Link Communications

In a one-to-one link, a SRM1 is linked to another SRM1, CPM1/CPM1A, a
CQM1, or a C200HS through an RS-232C Adapter and standard RS-232C
cable. One of the PCs will serve as the master and the other as the slave. The
one-to-one link can connect up to 256 bits (LR 0000 to LR 1515) in the two PCs.

One-to-one SRM1 Links The following diagram shows a one-to-one link between two SRM1s.

SRM1 SRM1

RS-232C Port RS-232C Port

The words used for the one-to-one link are as shown below.

Master Slave
LR00 LR00
Write data Area for writing Area for reading Read data
LR07 LR07
LR08 LR08
Read data Area for reading Area for writing Write data
LR15 LR15

Limitations of One-to-one Only the 16 LR words from LR 00 to LR 15 can be linked in the SRM1, so use only
Links with a SRM1 those 16 words in the CQM1 or C200HS when making a one-to-one link with one
of those PCs. A one-to-one link cannot be made to a SRM1 PC using LR 16
through LR 63 in the CQM1 or C200HS.

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Communications Functions Section 1-9

PC Setup Settings The settings relating to 1-to-1 PC communications must be set as shown in the
following table.

Word Bit Function Setting Setting

(Master) (Slave)
DM 6645 00 to 03 Port settings1 Any Any
00: Standard (1 start bit, 7-bit data, even parity, 2 stop bits, 9,600 bps)
01: Settings in DM 6651
04 to 07 CTS Control settings 0 0
0: Disable
1: Set
08 to 11 Link area for one-to-one PC link via peripheral port 0 0
0: LR 00 to LR 15
12 to 15 Communications mode1 3 2
0: Host link; 1: No protocol; 2: 1-to-1 PC link (slave); 3: 1-to-1 PC link
(master); 4: NT link

Example Program This example shows ladder programs that copy the status of IR 000 in each
SRM1 to SR 200 in the other SRM1.

Program in the Master Program in the Slave

25313 (Always ON) 25313 (Always ON)

MOV(21) MOV(21)
000 000
LR00 LR08

MOV(21) MOV(21)
LR08 LR00
200 200

LR00 LR00
IR 000 Write Writing area Reading area Read SR 200
LR07 LR07
LR08 LR08
SR 200 Read Reading area Writing area Write IR 000
LR15 LR15

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Communications Functions Section 1-9

1-9-11 SRM1 NT Link Communications

Using the NT link, the SRM1 PC can be connected to the Programmable Termi-
nal (NT Link Interface.) The RS-232C port can be used to the NT Link.
SRM1
Programmable Terminal

NT Link is possible only with the SRM1-C02-V1, which has an RS-232C port.
PC Setup Settings The settings relating to NT link PC communications must be set as shown in the
following table.
Word Bit Function Setting
DM 6645 00 to 03 Port settings1 00
00: Standard (1 start bit, 7-bit data, even parity, 2 stop bits, 9,600 bps) (Any val-
01: Settings in DM 6646 ue is OK)
04 to 07 CTS control settings 0
0: Disable (Any val-
1: Set ue is OK)
08 to 11 Link area for one-to-one PC link via peripheral port 0
0: LR 00 to LR 15
12 to 15 Communications mode1 4
0: Host link; 1: No protocol; 2: 1-to-1 PC link (slave); 3: 1-to-1 PC link (master); 4: NT
link

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Communications Functions Section 1-9

1-9-12 SRM1 No Protocol Communications

Peripheral Port Settings When the peripheral port is used to conduct no protocol communications, the
following settings must be made from the peripheral device to DM 6650 to
DM 6653 in the SRM1.
Word Bit Function Setting
Peripheral Port Settings
The following settings are effective after transfer to the PC.
DM 6650 00 to 03 Port settings As re-
0: Standard (1 start bit, 7-bit data, even parity, 2 stop bits, 9,600 bps) quired
1: Settings in DM 6651
(Other settings will cause a non-fatal error, the default setting (0) will be used, and
AR 1302 will turn ON.)
04 to 07 Not used. 0
08 to 11 Not used. 0
12 to 15 Communications mode 1: No pro-
0: Host link; 1: No protocol tocol
(Other settings will cause a non-fatal error, the default setting (0) will be used, and
AR 1302 will turn ON.)
DM 6651 00 to 07 Baud rate As re-
00: 1.2K, 01: 2.4K, 02: 4.8K, 03: 9.6K, 04: 19.2K quired
08 to 15 Frame format As re-
Start Length Stop Parity quired
00: 1 bit 7 bits 1 bit Even
01: 1 bit 7 bits 1 bit Odd
02: 1 bit 7 bits 1 bit None
03: 1 bit 7 bits 2 bit Even
04: 1 bit 7 bits 2 bit Odd
05: 1 bit 7 bits 2 bit None
06: 1 bit 8 bits 1 bit Even
07: 1 bit 8 bits 1 bit Odd
08: 1 bit 8 bits 1 bit None
09: 1 bit 8 bits 2 bit Even
10: 1 bit 8 bits 2 bit Odd
11: 1 bit 8 bits 2 bit None
(Other settings will cause a non-fatal error, the default setting (00) will be used, and
AR 1302 will turn ON.)
DM 6652 00 to 15 Transmission delay (Host Link) To match
0000 to 9999 (BCD): Set in units of 10 ms. host pa-
(Other settings will cause a non-fatal error, the default setting (0000) will be used, rameters
and AR 1302 will turn ON.)
DM 6653 00 to 07 Node number (Host link) 00 to 31
00 to 31 (BCD)
(Other settings will cause a non-fatal error, the default setting (0000) will be used,
and AR 1302 will turn ON.)
08 to 11 Start code enable (RS-232C, effective when bits 12 to 15 of DM 6650 are set to 1.) As re-
0: Disable quired
1: Set
12 to 15 End code enable (RS-232C, effective when bits 12 to 15 of DM 6650 are set to 1.) As re-
0: Disable (number of bytes received) quired
1: Set (specified end code)
2: CR, LF

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Communications Functions Section 1-9

Word Bit Function Setting

DM 6654 00 to 07 Start code (effective when bits 08 to 11 of DM6650 are set to 1.) As re-
00: 256 bytes quired
01 to FF: 1 to 255 bytes
08 to 15 End code (no protocol) As re-
When bits 12 to 15 of DM6653 are set to 0: quired
00: 256 bytes
01 to FF: 1 to 255 bytes
When bits 12 to 15 of DM6653 are set to 1:
Setting: 00 to FF (binary)

Note If an out-of-range value is set, the following communications conditions will re-
sult. In that case, reset the value so that it is within the permissible range.

Communications mode: Host Link

Communications format: Standard settings
(1 start bit, 7-bit data; even parity, 2 stop bits,
9,600 bps)
Transmission delay: No
Node number: 00

RS-232C Port Settings When the RS-232C port is used to conduct no protocol communications, the fol-
lowing settings must be made from the peripheral device to DM6645 to DM6649
in the SRM1.

Word Bit Function Setting

RS-232C Port Settings
The following settings are effective after transfer to the PC.
DM 6645 00 to 03 Port settings As re-
0: Standard (1 start bit, 7-bit data, even parity, 2 stop bits, 9,600 bps) quired
1: Settings in DM 6646 0
04 to 07 CTS control settings
0: Disable; 1: Set
08 to 11 Link words for 1:1 link 0
0: LR 00 to LR 15; Other: Not effective
12 to 15 Communications mode 1: No pro-
0: Host link; 1: RS-232C (no protocol); 2: 1:1 data link slave; 3: 1:1 data link mas- tocol
ter; 4: NT Link
DM 6646 00 to 07 Baud rate As re-
00: 1.2K, 01: 2.4K, 02: 4.8K, 03: 9.6K, 04: 19.2K quired
08 to 15 Frame format As re-
Start Length Stop Parity quired
00: 1 bit 7 bits 1 bit Even
01: 1 bit 7 bits 1 bit Odd
02: 1 bit 7 bits 1 bit None
03: 1 bit 7 bits 2 bit Even
04: 1 bit 7 bits 2 bit Odd
05: 1 bit 7 bits 2 bit None
06: 1 bit 8 bits 1 bit Even
07: 1 bit 8 bits 1 bit Odd
08: 1 bit 8 bits 1 bit None
09: 1 bit 8 bits 2 bit Even
10: 1 bit 8 bits 2 bit Odd
11: 1 bit 8 bits 2 bit None
DM 6647 00 to 15 Transmission delay (Host Link) As re-
0000 to 9999 (BCD): Set in units of 10 ms, e.g., setting of 0001 equals 10 ms quired

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Communications Functions Section 1-9

Word Bit Function Setting

DM 6648 00 to 07 Node number (Host link, effective when bits 12 to 15 of DM 6645 are set to 0.) As re-
00 to 31 (BCD) quired
08 to 11 Start code enable (RS-232C, effective when bits 12 to 15 of DM 6645 are set to 1.) As re-
0: Disable; 1: Set quired
12 to 15 End code enable (RS-232C, effective when bits 12 to 15 of DM 6645 are set to 1.)
0: Disable (number of bytes received)
1: Set (specified end code)
2: CR, LF
DM 6649 00 to 07 Start code (RS-232C)
00: 256 bytes
01 to FF: 1 to 255 bytes
08 to 15 End code enable (RS-232C)
00 to FF (BIN)

109
Communications Functions Section 1-9

1-9-13 Transmission Data Configuration

When no-protocol communications are used, TXD(48) is used to send data and
RXD(47) to receive data. The maximum amount of data that can be either sent or
received is 259 bytes, including the start/end code.
• No Start or End Code:

Data (256 bytes max.)

• Only a Start Code:

ST Data (256 bytes max.)

• Only an End Code:

Data (256 bytes max.) ED

• Both an Start and End Code:

ST Data (256 bytes max.) ED

• End Code of CR, LF:

Data (256 bytes max.) CR LF

• Start Code 00-FF/End Code CR,LF:

ST Data (256 bytes max.) CR LF

Note 1. The start and end codes are set in DM 6648 to DM 6649 and DM 6653 to
DM 6654 of the PC Setup.
2. When there are several start and end codes, the first part of each will be ef-
fective.
3. When the end code duplicates the transmission data and the transmission is
stopped part way through, use CR or LF as the end code.
4. The start and end codes are not stored.

1-9-14 Transmission Flags

When sending data from the SRM1, check that the Transmission Enable Flag is
ON for executing the TXD(48) instruction. The Transmission Enable Flag will
turn OFF while the data is being transmitted and will turn ON again when trans-
mission is complete.
After the SRM1 has received data, the Receive Enable Flag turns ON. When the
RXD instruction is executed, the data received will be written to the specified
words and the Reception Complete Flag will turn OFF.
Flag Peripheral port RS-232C port
Transmission Enable Flag AR 0813 AR 0805
Reception Complete Flag AR 0814 AR 0806

Note The timing from data reception starting to completion for the SRM1 is as indi-
cated below.
Reception Start:
Without start code: Normal reception status
With start code: After start code is received.

110
Calculating with Signed Binary Data Section 1-10

Reception Complete:
When either the end code, the specified no. of bytes, or 256 bytes are received.

1-9-15 No Protocol Communications Program Example

The following program example is for no protocol communication conducted
through a RS-232C port using TXD(48) and RXD(47) instructions.
If AR 0805 (Transmission Enable Flag) is ON when 00100 is ON, then data from
DM0100 to DM0104 is transmitted from higher to lower values. When AR 0806
(Reception Enable Flag) turns ON, 256 bytes of received data are read and writ-
ten to DM 0200 from higher to lower values.

00100
DIFU(13)
No protocol communications start
00101
00100 AR0805
@TXD
DM0100 First word holding send data.
#0000 Using the RS-232C port data is
stored from higher to lower values
#0010
10 bytes transmitted
AR0806
@RXD
DM0200 First word to store receive data.
#0000 Using the RS-232C port data is
stored from higher to lower values
256
256 bytes transmitted

1-10 Calculating with Signed Binary Data

The CQM1/CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1 allow calculations on signed binary data. The
following instructions manipulate signed binary data. Signed data is handled us-
ing 2’s complements.
CQM1 Instructions The following signed-binary instructions are available in CQM1 PCs:
Single-word Instructions
• 2’S COMPLEMENT – NEG(––)
• BINARY ADD – ADB(50)
• BINARY SUBTRACT – SBB(51)
• SIGNED BINARY MULTIPLY – MBS(––)
• SIGNED BINARY DIVIDE – DBS(––)
Double-word (Long) Instructions
• DOUBLE 2’S COMPLEMENT – NEGL(––)
• DOUBLE BINARY ADD – ADBL(––)
• DOUBLE BINARY SUBTRACT – SBBL(––)
• DOUBLE SIGNED BINARY MULTIPLY – MBSL(––)
• DOUBLE SIGNED BINARY DIVIDE – DBSL(––)
CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1 The following signed-binary instructions are available in CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1
Instructions PCs:
• BINARY ADD – ADB(50)
• BINARY SUBTRACT – SBB(51)

111
Calculating with Signed Binary Data Section 1-10

Signed Data Calculations

Addition Subtraction
7 + 3 = 10 7–3=4
(–7) + 3 = –4 (–7) – 3 = –10
7 + (–3) = 4 7 – (–3) = 10
(–7) + (–3) = –10 (–7) – (–3) = –4
Multiplication Division
7 3 = 21 7 3 = 2 with a remainder of 1
(–7) 3 = –21 (–7) 3 = –2 with a remainder of –1
7 (–3) = –21 7 (–3) = –2 with a remainder of 1
(–7) (–3) = 21 (–7) (–3) = 2 with a remainder of –1

1-10-1 Definition of Signed Binary Data

The CQM1 provides instructions that operate on either one or two words of data;
the CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1 provide just two instructions that operate on one word
of data. Signed binary data is manipulated using 2’s complements and the MSB
of the one- or two-word data is used as the sign bit. The range of data that can be
expressed using one or two words is thus as follows:
• One-word data:
–32,768 to 32,767 (8000 to 7FFF hexadecimal)
• Two-word data:
–2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647 (8000 0000 to 7FFF FFFF hexadecimal)
The following table shows equivalents between decimal and hexadecimal data.

Decimal 16-bit Hex 32-bit Hex

2147483647 ––– 7FFFFFFF
2147483646 ––– 7FFFFFFE
. . .
. . .
. . .
32768 ––– 00008000
32767 7FFF 00007FFF
32766 7FFE 00007FFE
. . .
. . .
. . .
2 0002 00000002
1 0001 00000001
0 0000 00000000
–1 FFFF FFFFFFFF
–2 FFFE FFFFFFFE
. . .
. . .
. . .
–32767 8001 FFFF8001
–32768 8000 FFFF8000
–32769 ––– FFFF7FFF
. . .
. . .
. . .
–2147483647 ––– 80000001
–2147483648 ––– 80000000

112
Calculating with Signed Binary Data Section 1-10

1-10-2 Arithmetic Flags

The results of executing signed binary instructions is reflected in the arithmetic
flags. The flags and the conditions under which it will turn ON are given in the
following table. The flags will be OFF when these conditions are not met.
Flag ON conditions
Carry Flag (SR 25504) Carry in an addition.
Negative results for subtraction.
Equals Flag (SR 25506) The results of addition, subtraction,
multiplication, or division is 0.
Results of converting 2’s complement is 0.
Overflow Flag (SR 25404) 32,767 (7FFF) was exceeded in results of
16-bit addition or subtraction.
2,147,483,647 (7FFF FFFF) was exceeded in
results of 32-bit addition or subtraction.
Underflow Flag (SR 25405) –32,768 (8000) was exceeded in results of
16-bit addition or subtraction, or conversion of
2’s complement.
–2,147,483,648 (8000 0000) was exceeded in
results of 32-bit addition or subtraction, or
conversion of 2’s complement.

1-10-3 Inputting Signed Binary Data Using Decimal Values

Although calculations for signed binary data use hexadecimal expressions, in-
puts from the Programming Console or SSS can be done using decimal inputs
and mnemonics for the instructions. The procedure to using the Programming
Console to input using decimal values is shown in the CQM1 Operation Manual,
CPM1 Operation Manual, CPM1A Operation Manual and SRM1 Master Control
Unit Operation Manual. Refer to the SSS Operation Manual: C-series PCs for
details on using the SSS.

Input Instructions Only 16-bit operands can be input for the following instructions: NEG(––),
ADB(50), SBB(51), MBS(––), and DBS(––). Refer to the CQM1 Operation
Manual, CPM1 Operation Manual, CPM1A Operation Manual or SRM1 Master
Control Unit Operation Manual for details on inputting instructions from the Pro-
gramming Console.

1-10-4 Using Signed-binary Expansion Instructions (CQM1 Only)

The following CQM1 instructions must be allocated function codes in the instruc-
tions table before they can be used.
• 2’S COMPLEMENT – NEG(––)
• DOUBLE 2’S COMPLEMENT – NEGL(––)
• DOUBLE BINARY ADD – ADBL(––)
• DOUBLE BINARY SUBTRACT – SBBL(––)
• SIGNED BINARY MULTIPLY – MBS(––)
• DOUBLE SIGNED BINARY MULTIPLY – MBSL(––)
• SIGNED BINARY DIVIDE – DBS(––)
• DOUBLE SIGNED BINARY DIVIDE – DBSL(––)

Allocating Function Codes The procedure to using the Programming Console to allocate function codes is
shown in the CQM1 Operation Manual. Be sure that pin 4 on the CQM1’s DIP
switch is turned ON to enable use of a user-set instruction table before perform-
ing this operation.

113
Calculating with Signed Binary Data Section 1-10

1-10-5 Application Example Using Signed Binary Data

The following programming can be used to performed calculations such as the
following in the CQM1:
((1234 + (–123)) x 1212 – 12345) (–1234) = –1081, Remainder of 232
000 = 04D2 ← 1234
001 = FF85 ← –123
LR00 = 04BC ← 1212
HR50 = 3039 ← 12345
HR51 = 0000 ←
DM1000 = FB2E ← –1234
DM1001 = FFFF ←
10000
CLC(41)

ADB(50)
000 04D2
001
FF85
X 0
010 0457

MBS(––)
010
LR00
0457
X 04BC
020 00148BE4

CLC(41)

SBBL(––)
020
HR50
00148BE4
00003039
030 – 0
00145BAB
DBSL(––)
030
00145BAB
DM1000
FFFFFB2E
040 FFFFFBC7 Result
000000E8 Remainder

114
SECTION 2
Special Features
This section provides an introduction to some of the main CQM1/CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1 features, including the instructions
available through expansion instructions, a monitoring feature called differential monitoring, and the analog setting function
available in the CQM1-CPU42-EV1 and CPM1/CPM1A PCs.
If you are not familiar with OMRON PCs or ladder diagram program, you can skim over this section as an overview of these
features, but will want to read Section 3 Memory Areas and Section 4 Ladder-diagram Programming before reading this sec-
tion in detail. Also, details on programming instructions can be found in Section 5 Instruction Set.

2-1 Expansion Instructions (CQM1/SRM1 Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

2-1-1 CQM1 Expansion Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
2-1-2 SRM1 Expansion Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
2-2 Advanced I/O Instructions (CQM1 Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
2-2-1 TEN-KEY INPUT – TKY(18) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
2-2-2 HEXADECIMAL KEY INPUT – HKY(––) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
2-2-3 DIGITAL SWITCH INPUT – DSW(87) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
2-2-4 7-SEGMENT DISPLAY OUTPUT – 7SEG(88) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
2-2-5 Alternate I/O Bits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
2-3 Macro Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
2-4 Differential Monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
2-5 Analog Settings (CQM1-CPU42-EV1/CPM1/CPM1A Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
2-6 Quick-response Inputs (CPM1/CPM1A Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

115
Expansion Instructions (CQM1/SRM1 Only) Section 2-1

2-1 Expansion Instructions (CQM1/SRM1 Only)

A set of expansion instructions is available for the CQM1/SRM1 to aid in special
programming needs. Function codes can be assigned to up to 18 of the expan-
sion instructions to enable using them in programs. This allows the user to pick
the instructions needed by each CQM1 or SRM1 program to more effectively
use the function codes required to input instructions.
The mnemonics of expansion instructions are followed by “(––)” as the function
code to indicate that they must be assigned function codes by the user in the
instructions table before they can be used in programming (unless they are used
under their default settings).
Any of the instructions not assigned function codes will need to be assigned
function codes in the instructions table used by the Programming Device and the
CQM1 or SRM1 before they can be used in programming. The assignments of
expansion instructions in the instructions table will change the meaning of
instructions and operands, so be sure to set the instructions table before pro-
gramming and transfer the proper instructions table to the CQM1 or SRM1 be-
fore program execution.
Example: CQM1 PCs
The specific instructions used in the following example are for the CQM1. The
concepts are the same for the SRM1.
INI INI
Function code 61 Function code 61

SPED SPED

Function code 64 PULS Function code 64 PULS

MAX MAX

Function code 65 MIN Function code 65 MIN

SUM SUM
At the time of shipping, the function codes are If pulse outputs are not being used, and if
assigned as shown above. (In this example, maximum values, minimum values, and
the instructions all relate to pulse outputs.) sums are required, then the Set Instructions
operation can be used as shown above to
reassign instructions in the instruction table.

Note Set the PC model to “CQM1” when setting the expansion instructions for the
SRM1 or CQM1 from the SSS.

116
Expansion Instructions (CQM1/SRM1 Only) Section 2-1

2-1-1 CQM1 Expansion Instructions

The following 18 function codes can be used for expansion instructions: 17, 18,
19, 47, 48, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 87, 88, and 89
The expansion instructions that can be used are listed below, along with the de-
fault function codes that are assigned when the CQM1 is shipped. Instructions
marked with a “*” are available only in CQM1-CPU4-EV1 CPU Units.
Mnemonic Function code Mnemonic Function code Mnemonic Function code
ASFT 17 INT 89 ADBL* ---
TKY 18 HKY --- SBBL* ---
MCMP 19 FPD --- MBS* ---
RXD 47 SRCH --- DBS* ---
TXD 48 MAX --- MBSL* ---
CMPL 60 MIN --- DBSL* ---
INI 61 APR --- CPS* ---
PRV 62 LINE --- CPSL* ---
CTBL 63 COLM --- NEG* ---
SPED 64 SEC --- NEGL* ---
PULS 65 HMS --- ZCP* ---
SCL 66 SUM --- ZCPL* ---
BCNT 67 FCS --- XFRB* ---
BCMP 68 HEX --- PLS2* ---
STIM 69 AVG --- ACC* ---
DSW 87 PWM* --- SCL2* ---
7SEG 88 PID* --- SCL3* ---

With the CQM1, an instructions table can also be stored on Memory Cassettes
when they are used. Exercise care when using a Memory Cassette that has
been used with another CQM1 or SRM1 and be sure the proper instructions
table is present.

! Caution If pin no. 4 of the CQM1’s DIP switch is set to OFF, only expansion instructions on
the default instructions table can be used and the user-set instructions table will
be ignored. The default instructions table will also be set whenever power is
turned on, deleting any previous settings.
Make sure that pin 4 of the CPU Unit DIP switch is ON when reading a program
from the Memory Cassette that has a user-set expansion instructions table. If pin
4 is OFF, the default instructions table will be used for expansion instructions in
programs read from a Memory Cassette. (In this case, the program read from
the Memory Cassette and the program on the Memory Cassette will not match
when the two are compared.)

2-1-2 SRM1 Expansion Instructions

117
Advanced I/O Instructions (CQM1 Only) Section 2-2

Mnemonic Function code

BCNT 67
BCMP 68
STIM 69
FCS ---
HEX ---
STUP ---

2-2 Advanced I/O Instructions (CQM1 Only)

Advanced I/O instructions enable control, with a single instruction, of previously
complex operations involving external I/O devices (digital switches, 7-segment
displays, etc.). This section introduces advanced I/O instructions, which are also
covered at the end of Section 5 Instruction Set.
There are four advanced I/O instructions, as shown in the following table. All of
these are expansion instructions and must be assigned to function codes before
they can be used.

Name Mnemonic Function

TEN-KEY INPUT TKY(18) BCD input from 10-key keypad
HEXADECIMAL KEY INPUT HKY(––) Hexadecimal input from 16-key
keypad
DIGITAL SWITCH INPUT DSW(87) SV input from digital switch
7-SEGMENT DISPLAY OUTPUT 7SEG(88) BCD output to 7-segment dis-
play

2-2-1 TEN-KEY INPUT – TKY(18)

This instruction inputs 8 digits in BCD from a 10-key keypad and uses 10 input
points.

Hardware Prepare a 10-key keypad, and connect it so that the switches for numeric keys 0
through 9 are input to points 0 through 9 as shown in the following diagram.
Either the input terminals on the CPU Unit or the inputs on a DC Input Unit with 16
or more input points can be used.

ID212 0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11 9
12
13
14 10-key
15
COM
COM
0V

DC Input Unit

118
Advanced I/O Instructions (CQM1 Only) Section 2-2

Using the Instruction

TKY(18)
IW: Input word
IW
D1: First register word
D1
D2: Key input word
D2

If the input word for connecting the 10-key keypad is specified for IW, then opera-
tion will proceed as shown below when the program is executed.

IW
D1+1 D1
00
Before 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
01 execution
02 Input from 10-key

to (1) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
09
“1” key input
D2
(2) 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
00

01 “0” key input

Turn ON flags corre-
02 sponding to 10-key (3) 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2
inputs (The flags re-
to main ON until the
next input.) “2” key input
09
(4) 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 9
10 ON if a key is pressed.

“9” key input

(1) (2) (3) (4)

Note 1. While one key is being pressed, input from other keys will not be accepted.
2. If more than eight digits are input, digits will be deleted beginning with the
leftmost digit.
3. Input bits not used here can be used as ordinary input bits.
Application Example In this example, a program for inputting numbers from the 10-key is shown. As-
sume that the 10-key is connected to IR 000.

25313 (Always ON)

TKY(18)
000
DM1000

DM1002

00015
@XFER(70)
#0002
DM1000

DM 0000

The 10-key information input to IR 000 using TKY(18) is converted to BCD and
stored in DM 1000 and DM 1001. Key information is stored in DM 1002.
IR 00015 is used as an “ENTER key,” and when IR 00015 turns ON, the data
stored in DM 1000 and DM 1001 will be transferred to DM 0000 and DM 0001.

119
Advanced I/O Instructions (CQM1 Only) Section 2-2

2-2-2 HEXADECIMAL KEY INPUT – HKY(––)

This instruction inputs 8 digits in hexadecimal from a hexadecimal keyboard. It
utilizes 5 output bits and 4 input bits.
Hardware Prepare the hexadecimal keyboard, and connect the 0 to F numeric key
switches, as shown below, to input points 0 through 3 and output points 0
through 3. Output point 4 will be turned ON while any key is being pressed, but
there is no need to connect it.

OD212
C D E F
0
1
8 9 A B 2
3
4 5 6 7 4
5
0 1 2 3 6
7
8
ID212 9
0 10
1 11
2
3 12
13
4
14
5
15
6
COM
7
COM
8
9
10
11 Output Unit
12
13
14
15
COM
COM

Input Unit

The inputs can be connected to the input terminals on the CPU Unit or a DC Input
Unit with 8 or more input points and the outputs can be connected from a Tran-
sistor Output Unit with 8 points or more.
Using the Instruction
HKY
IW IW: Input word
0W OW: Control signal output word
D
D: First register word

120
Advanced I/O Instructions (CQM1 Only) Section 2-2

If the input word for connecting the hexadecimal keyboard is specified at IW, and
the output word is specified at OW, then operation will proceed as shown below
when the program is executed.

IW
00
01
02 16-key selection
control signals
03
16-key
0
to
9
to
Status of 16 keys
F
D+2
00
to Turn ON flags corre-
09 sponding to input
to keys (The flags re-
15 main ON until the
OW next input.)
04
ON for a 12-cycle
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112 period if a key is
pressed.
Once per 12 cycles

0000 0000 0000 000F 0000 00F9

D+1 D D+1 D D+1 D

SR 25408 will turn ON while HKY(––) is being executed.

Note 1. Do not use HKY(––) more than once within the same program.
2. When using HKY(––), set the input constant for the relevant input word to
less than the cycle time. (Input constants can be changed from DM 6620
onwards.)
3. While one key is being pressed, input from other keys will not be accepted.
4. If more than eight digits are input, digits will be deleted beginning with the
leftmost digit.
5. Input and output bits not used here can be used as ordinary input and output
bits.
With this instruction, one key input is read in 3 to 12 cycles. More than one cycle
is required because the ON keys can only be determined as the outputs are
turned ON to test them.
Application Example This example shows a program for inputting numbers from a hexadecimal key-
board. Assume that the hexadecimal keyboard is connected to IR 000 (input)
and IR 100 (output).

25313 (Always ON)

HKY
000
100

DM1000

00015
@XFER(70)
#0002
DM1000

DM0000

121
Advanced I/O Instructions (CQM1 Only) Section 2-2

The hexadecimal key information that is input to IR 000 by HKY(––) is converted

to hexadecimal and stored in words DM1000 and DM1001.
IR 00015 is used as an “ENTER key,” and when IR 00015 turns ON, the numbers
stored in DM 1000 and DM 1001 are transferred to DM 0000 and DM 0001.

2-2-3 DIGITAL SWITCH INPUT – DSW(87)

With this instruction, 4-digit or 8-digit BCD set values are read from a digital
switch. DSW(87) utilizes 5 output bits and either 4 input bits (for 4 digits) or 8
input bits (for 8 digits).
Hardware Connect the digital switch and the Input and Output Units as shown in the dia-
gram below. In the diagram, an 8-digit input is shown. When using a 4-digit input,
connect D0 through D3 from the digital switch to input points 0 through 3. In ei-
ther case, output point 5 will be turned ON when one round of data is read, but
there is no need to connect output point 5 unless required for the application.

ID212
0
Input Unit
1 D0 Interface D0
2 D1 D1 A7E data line rightmost digits
3 D2 D2
4 D3 D3
5 D0 D0
6 D1 D1
7 D2 D2
8 D3 D3 A7E data line
9 CS0 CS0 leftmost digits Leftmost digits A7E Rightmost digits
10 CS1 CS1
11 CS2 CS2
12 CS3 CS3
13 RD
To A7E chip selection
RD
14
15 To A7E RD terminal
COM
COM

OD212 Note An interface to convert signals from 5 V to 24 V is

1
0 required to connect an A7E digital switch.
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
COM Output Unit
COM

122
Advanced I/O Instructions (CQM1 Only) Section 2-2

The following example illustrates connections for an A7B Thumbwheel Switch.

ID212 Input Unit

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
A7B
10 Thumbwheel
11
Switch
12
13 8 4 2 1
14
15 OD212
COM
COM Switch no. 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 C 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Output Unit DC
COM

Note The data read signal is not required in the example.

The inputs can be connected to the CPU Unit’s input terminals or a DC Input Unit
with 8 or more input points and the outputs can be connected from a Transistor
Output Unit with 8 or more output points.
Preparations When using DSW(87), make the following setting in the PC Setup in PROGRAM
mode before executing the program.
Digital Switch Settings (PC Setup)

Bit 15 0
DM6639 – –

Number of digits to read

00: 4 digits
01: 8 digits
Default: 4 digits

Do not make any changes to bits 0 to 7. They are not related to DSW(87).
Using the Instruction
DSW(87)
IW
IW: Input word
OW OW: Output word
R R: First register word

123
Advanced I/O Instructions (CQM1 Only) Section 2-2

If the input word for connecting the digital switch is specified at for IW, and the
output word is specified for OW, then operation will proceed as shown below
when the program is executed.

IW
Four digits: 00 to 03
100 101 102 103 Input data
Eight digits: 00 to 03, 04 to 07 Leftmost Rightmost
4 digits 4 digits
Wd 0
D+1 D
00
When only 4 digits are read,
01 only word D is used.

CS signal
02

04 RD (read) signal

05 1 Round Flag

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

16 cycles to complete one round of execution

SR 25410 will turn ON while DSW(87) is being executed.

Note 1. Do not use DSW(87) more than once within the same program.
2. When using DSW(87), set the input constant for the relevant input word to
less than the cycle time. (Input constants can be changed from DM 6620
onwards.) The characteristics of the digital switch must also be considered
in system and program design.
3. Input and output bits not used here can be used as ordinary input and output
bits.
With this instruction, 4-digit or 8-digit set values can be read in 16 cycles.

Application Example This example shows a program for reading 4 digits in BCD from the digital
switch. Assume that the digital switch is connected to IR 000 (input) and IR 100
(output), and assume the default status for all the PC Setup (4 digits to read).
The data set from the digital switch by DSW(87) is stored in HR 51.
When IR 00015 turns ON, the value stored in HR 51 is moved to DM 0001.
25313
DSW(87)
000
100

HR51

00015
@MOV(21)
HR51
DM0000

Note Output point 5 (here, IR 10005) turns on when one round of data is read and can
be used to time switching the data storage area and gate signal (CS signal)
when DSW(87) is used to input data to different areas of memory.

124
Advanced I/O Instructions (CQM1 Only) Section 2-2

2-2-4 7-SEGMENT DISPLAY OUTPUT – 7SEG(88)

This instruction outputs word data to a 7-segment display. It utilizes either 8 (for 4
digits) or 12 (for 8 digits) output bits.
Hardware The 7-segment display is connected to an Output Unit as shown in the diagram
below. For 4-digit display, the data outputs (D0 to D3) are connected to output
points 0 through 3, and latch outputs (CS0 to CS3) are connected to output
points 4 through 7. Output point 12 (for 8-digit display) or output point 8 (for 4-dig-
it display) will be turned ON when one round of data is displayed, but there is no
need to connect them unless required by the application.

D0 VDD VDD D0
D1 (+) (+) D1
D2 VSS VSS D2
D3 (0) (0) D3
LE3 LE2 LE1 LE0 LE3 LE2 LE1 LE0

OD212

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
DC
COM

The outputs can be connected from a Transistor Output Unit with 8 or more out-
put points for four digits or 16 or more output points for eight digits.
Note 1. Output Unit outputs normally employ negative logic. (Only the PNP output
type employs positive logic.)
2. The 7-segment display may require either positive or negative logic, de-
pending on the model.
Using the Instruction
7SEG(88) S: First source word
S O: Output word
O
C: Control data
C

If the first word holding the data to be displayed is specified at S, and the output
word is specified at O, and the SV taken from the table below is specified at C,
then operation will proceed as shown below when the program is executed.
Data Storage Format

Leftmost 4 digits Rightmost 4 digits

S+1 S

If only four digits are displayed, then only word S will be used.

125
Advanced I/O Instructions (CQM1 Only) Section 2-2

Set Values for Selecting Logic and Number of Digits (C)

Number of digits displayed Display Unit data input and Display Unit latch input and C setting data
Output Unit logic Output Unit logic
4 digits (4 digits, 1 block) Same Same 000
Different 001
Different Same 002
Different 003
8 digits (4 digits, 2 blocks) Same Same 004
Different 005
Different Same 006
Different 007

Note Do not set C to values other than 000 to 007.

Function Bit(s) in O Output status (Data and latch logic depends on C)

(4 digits, (4 digits,
1 block) 2 blocks)

Data output 00 to 03 00 to 03 100 101 102 103 Note 0 to 3: Data output for word S
04 to 07 4 to 7: Data output for word S+1
Latch output 0 04 08

Latch output 1 05 09

Latch output 2 06 10

Latch output 3 07 11

One Round Flag 08 12

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1

12 cycles required to complete one round

SR 25409 will turn ON while 7SEG(88) is being executed.

Note 1. Do not use 7SEG(88) more than once within the same program.
2. Consider the cycle time and the characteristics of the 7-segment display
when designing the system.
3. Output bits not used here can be used as ordinary output bits.
With this instruction, 4 digits or 8 digits are displayed in 12 cycles.
Operation will proceed from the first execution without regard to the status prior
to execution.
Application Example This example shows a program for displaying the CQM1’s 8-digit BCD numbers
at the 7-segment LED display. Assume that the 7-segment display is connected
to output word IR 100. Also assume that the Output Unit is using negative logic,
and that the 7-segment display logic is also negative for data signals and latch
signals.
25313 (Always ON)
7SEG(88)
DM0120
100

004

The 8-digit BCD data in DM 0120 (rightmost 4 digits) and DM 0121 (leftmost 4
digits) are always displayed by means of 7SEG(88). When the contents of
DM 0120 and DM 0121 change, the display will also change.

126
Advanced I/O Instructions (CQM1 Only) Section 2-2

2-2-5 Alternate I/O Bits

Although the advanced I/O instructions generally using I/O bits starting from bit
00 of the specified words, they can be programmed through intermediate words
to use other I/O bits. The following example shows how this can be achieved for
HKY(––).

Example The following wiring and program examples show how to use input bits IR 00004
through IR 00007 and output bits IR 10004 through IR 10007 to input values from
a hexadecimal keypad.
Wiring Diagram (Not Complete)

C D E F
OD212
0
8 9 A B
1
2
4 5 6 7 3
ID212
4
0 3
0 1 2 5
1
2 6
3 7
8
4
9
5
6
7 Output Unit
IR 100

Input terminals
IR 000
Note Power supply lines have been omitted.

Program

25313 (Always ON)

MOVD(83) Bits 04 through 07 of IR 000 are
000 transferred to bits 00 through 03 of DM
0000.
#0001

DM0000

HKY HKY is coded using DM 0000 as the

DM0000 input word and DM 0100 as the output
word. Execution results are placed in
DM0100
DM 1000 to DM 1002.
DM1000

MOVD (83) Bits 00 through 03 of DM 0100 are

DM0100
transferred to bits 04 through 07 of IR
100.
#0100

100

15 0 15 0

Output DM 0100
IR 000

HKY execution

DM 0000 Input IR 100

127
Macro Function Section 2-3

2-3 Macro Function

The macro function allows a single subroutine (programming pattern) to be used
by simply changing the I/O word. A number of similar program sections can be
managed with just one subroutine, thereby greatly reducing the number of steps
in the program and making the program easier to understand.

Using Macros To use a macro, call a subroutine by means of the MACRO instruction,
MCRO(99), as shown below, in stead of SBS(91) (SUBROUTINE ENTRY).

MCRO(99)
Subroutine No
Fist input word

First output word

When MCRO(99) is executed, operation will proceed as follows:

1, 2, 3... 1. The contents of the four consecutive words beginning with the first input
word will be transferred to IR 096 through IR 099 (SR 232 through SR 235 in
CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1 PCs). The contents of the four consecutive words be-
ginning with the first output word will be transferred to IR 196 through IR 199
(SR 236 through SR 239 in CPM1, CPM1A and SRM1 PCs).
2. The specified subroutine will be executed until RET(93) (Subroutine Return)
is executed.
3. The contents of IR 196 through IR 199 (SR 236 through SR 239 in CPM1/
CPM1A/SRM1 PCs) will be transferred to the four consecutive words begin-
ning with the first output word.
4. MCRO(99) will then be finished.
When MCRO(99) is executed, the same instruction pattern can be used as
needed simply by changing the first input word or the first output word.
The following restrictions apply when the macro function is used.
• The only words that can be used for each execution of the macro are the four
consecutive words beginning with the first input word number (for input) and
the four consecutive words beginning with the first output word (for output).
• The specified inputs and outputs must correctly correspond to the words used
in the subroutine.
• Even when the direct output method is used for outputs,subroutine results will
be actually reflected in the specified output words only when the subroutine
has been completed (step 3 above).

Note 1. In CQM1 PCs, IR 096 to IR 099 and IR 196 to IR 199 can be used as work
bits when MCRO(99) is not used.
2. In CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1 PCs, SR 232 through SR 239 can be used as work
bits when MCRO(99) is not used.
The first input word and the first output word can be specified not with I/O bits, but
also with other bits (such as HR bits, work bits, etc.) or with DM words.
Subroutines called by MCRO(99) are defined by SBN(92) and RET(93), just as
are ordinary subroutines.

128
Analog Settings (CQM1-CPU42-EV1/CPM1/CPM1A Only) Section 2-5

CQM1 Application Example When a macro is used, the program can be simplified as shown below.

Macro not used Macro used

25313 (Always ON)
00000 10001 MCRO(99)
10000
090

10000 000

100

00001 00002 MCRO(99)

10001
090
002
00200 10501
10500 105

MCRO(99)
10500
090

00201 00202 005

10501 120

00500 12001 MCRO(99)

12000 090
010
12000
150

00501 00502
SBN(92) 090
12001

09600 19601
01000 15001
19600
15000

19600
15000

01001 01002 09601 19602

15001 Subroutine used
19601
to define macro

RET(93)

CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1 The CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1 program can be simplified like the one shown above,
Application Example but words SR 232 through SR 235 would be used instead of IR 096 through
IR 099 and words SR 236 through SR 239 would be used instead of IR 196
through IR 199.

2-4 Differential Monitor

The CQM1/CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1 support differential monitoring from either the
Programming Console or the SSS. The operator can detect on OFF-to-ON or
ON-to-OFF transition in a specified bit. When the specified transition takes
place, the transition is indicated on the display and a buzzer sounds to enable
easy recognition of the transition.
Refer to the CQM1 Operation Manual, CPM1 Operation Manual, CPM1A Op-
eration Manual or SRM1 Master Control Units Operation Manual for details on
the Programming Console Differential Monitor procedure and to the SSS Opera-
tion Manual: C-series PCs for the SYSMAC Support Software procedure.

2-5 Analog Settings (CQM1-CPU42-EV1/CPM1/CPM1A Only)

In the CQM1-CPU42-EV1/CPM1/CPM1A PCs, the analog settings function au-
tomatically transfers the settings on the CPU Unit’s adjustment switches to IR
220 through IR 223. This function is very useful when there are set values that
need to be precisely adjusted during operation. These set values can be
changed just by turning the adjustment switches on the CPU Unit.

129
Analog Settings (CQM1-CPU42-EV1/CPM1/CPM1A Only) Section 2-5

The adjustment settings are stored in BCD and range from 0000 to 0200. Use a
precision screwdriver to adjust the settings. (Turn the switches clockwise to in-
crease the adjustment.)

CQM1-CPU42-EV1 Settings The CQM1-CPU42-EV1 has four analog adjustment controls. The following dia-
gram shows the CQM1-CPU42-EV1 adjustment controls and indicates the cor-
responding IR words that contain the adjustment settings.

The analog setting for control 0 is in IR 220.

The analog setting for control 1 is in IR 221.

The analog setting for control 2 is in IR 222.

The analog setting for control 3 is in IR 223.

In CQM1 CPU Units other than the CQM1-CPU42-EV1, IR 220 through IR 223
serve no special purpose. They can be used as work words in the program.

! Caution The CQM1-CPU42-EV1 continually refreshes IR 220 through IR 223 with the
adjustment settings as long as the power is on. Do not overwrite the content of
these words from the program or Peripheral Device.

CPM1/CPM1A Settings The CPM1/CPM1A PCs have two analog adjustment controls. The following
diagram shows the adjustment controls and indicates the corresponding SR
words that contain the adjustment settings. Use a phillips-head screwdriver to
adjust the settings.

The analog setting for control 0 is in SR 250.

The analog setting for control 1 is in SR 251.

Note The above diagram shows the CPM1, but the settings are the same for
CPM1A.

! Caution The analog setting may change with changing temperatures. Do not use the
analog adjustment controls for applications that require a precise, fixed setting.

130
Quick-response Inputs (CPM1/CPM1A Only) Section 2-6

CPM1/CPM1A Program Example

The following ladder program uses the CPM1/CPM1A’s analog settings. The
analog setting in SR 250 (0000 to 0200 BCD) is determined by adjusting analog
adjustment control 0. This value is used to adjust the timer’s set value from 0.0 to
20.0 seconds.

Start condition
TIM SR 250 is specified as
000 the timer’s set value.

TIM 000
01003

2-6 Quick-response Inputs (CPM1/CPM1A Only)

The CPM1/CPM1A have quick response inputs that can be used to enable in-
putting shorter signals.
All 10-point CPU Units have 2 quick-response input terminals and the 20-, 30-,
and 40-point CPU Units have 4 quick-response input terminals. The same termi-
nals are used for quick-response inputs and interrupt inputs.
Quick-response Operation Quick-response inputs have an internal buffer, so input signals shorter than one
cycle can be detected. Signals with a pulse width as short as 0.2 ms can be de-
tected, regardless of their timing during the PC cycle.

Overseeing Program I/O Overseeing Program I/O

processes execution refreshing processes execution refreshing

Input signal
(00003)

IR 00003
One cycle

CPU Unit Input bits Min. input pulse width

10-point CPU Units IR 00003 to IR 00004 0.2 ms
20-, 30-, 40-point CPU Units IR 00003 to IR 00006

Setting Quick-response The input bits in the above table can be set as quick-response inputs in
Inputs DM 6628, as shown in the following table.
Word Settings
DM 6628 0: Normal input
1: Interrupt input
2: Quick-response input
(Default setting: 0)

Bit 15 0
DM 6628

Setting for input 00006: Set to 2

Setting for input 00005: Set to 2
Setting for input 00004: Set to 2
Setting for input 00003: Set to 2

131
Quick-response Inputs (CPM1/CPM1A Only) Section 2-6

Program Example
In this example, DM 6628 has been set to 0002.

25315 First Cycle Flag

ON for 1 cycle
@INT(89)
000 Mask/unmask input interrupts.
000

#000E Unmasks 00003 (interrupt input 0), masks others.

132
SECTION 3
Memory Areas

This section describes the structure of the PC memory areas, and explains how to use them. It also describes the CQM1
Memory Cassette operations used to transfer data between the CQM1 CPU Unit and a Memory Cassette.

3-1 CQM1 Memory Area Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

3-1-1 Memory Area Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
3-1-2 IR Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
3-1-3 SR Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
3-1-4 TR Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
3-1-5 HR Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
3-1-6 AR Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
3-1-7 LR Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
3-1-8 Timer/Counter Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
3-1-9 DM Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
3-1-10 UM Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
3-2 CPM1/CPM1A Memory Area Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
3-2-1 Memory Area Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
3-2-2 IR Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
3-2-3 SR Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
3-2-4 TR Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
3-2-5 HR Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
3-2-6 AR Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
3-2-7 LR Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
3-2-8 Timer/Counter Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
3-2-9 DM Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
3-3 SRM1 Memory Area Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
3-3-1 Memory Area Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
3-3-2 IR Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
3-3-3 SR Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
3-3-4 TR Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
3-3-5 HR Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
3-3-6 AR Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
3-3-7 LR Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
3-3-8 Timer/Counter Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
3-3-9 DM Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
3-4 SRM1 Flash Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
3-5 Using Memory Cassettes (CQM1 Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
3-5-1 Memory Cassettes and Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
3-5-2 Memory Cassette Capacity and UM Area Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
3-5-3 Writing to the Memory Cassette . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
3-5-4 Reading from the Memory Cassette . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
3-5-5 Comparing Memory Cassette Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

133
Using Memory Cassettes (CQM1 Only) Section 3-5

3-1 CQM1 Memory Area Functions

3-1-1 Memory Area Structure
The following memory areas can be used with the CQM1.
Data area Size Words Bits Function
IR area1 Input area 128, IR 000 to IR 015 IR 00000 to IR 01515 CQM1-CPU11/21-E: Up to 8 words
or 256 (128 bits) can be used for I/O bits. Up to 7
bits Units can be connected.
Output area IR 100 to IR 115 IR 10000 to IR 11515 CQM1-CPU4-EV1: Up to 16 words
(256 bits) can be used for I/O bits. Up to 11
Units can be connected.
Work areas 2,720 IR 016 to IR 095 IR 01600 to IR 09515 Work bits do not have any specific func-
bits IR 116 to IR 195 IR 11600 to IR 19515 tion, and they can be freely used within the
min.2 program.
IR 216 to IR 219 IR 21600 to IR 21915
IR 224 to IR 229 IR 22400 to IR 22915
MACRO Input area 64 bits IR 096 to IR 099 IR 09600 to IR 09915 Used when the MACRO instruction,
operand MCRO(99), is used. When the MACRO
area1 Output area 64 bits IR 196 to IR 199 IR 19600 to IR 19915 instruction is not used, these bits may be
used as work bits.
Analog SV area1 64 bits IR 220 to IR 223 IR 22000 to IR 22315 CQM1-CPU42-EV1:
Used to store the analog set values.
(Cannot be used as work bits.)
Can be used as work bits in other CPU
Units.
High-speed Counter 0 32 bits IR 230 to IR 231 IR 23000 to IR 23115 Used to store the present values of high-
PV1 speed counter 0.
Port 1 and 2 Pulse 64 bits IR 236 to IR 239 IR 23600 to IR 23915 CQM1-CPU43-EV1:
Output PVs1 Used to store the present values of pulse
outputs for ports 1 and 2.
(Cannot be used as work bits.)
CQM1-CPU44-EV1:
Used by the system.
(Cannot be used as work bits.)
Can be used as work bits in other CPU
Units.
High-speed Counter 1 64 bits IR 232 to IR 235 IR 23200 to IR 23515 CQM1-CPU43/44-EV1:
and 2 PVs1 Used to store the present values of high-
speed counters 1 and 2 for ports 1 and 2.
(Cannot be used as work bits.)
Can be used as work bits in other CPU
Units.
Expansion Areas1 320 IR 200 to IR 215 IR 20000 to IR 21515 These bits are expected to be used in
bits IR 240 to IR 243 IR 24000 to IR 24315 planned function expansion.
SR area 184 SR 244 to SR 24400 to These bits serve specific functions such as
bits SR 255 SR 25507 flags and control bits.
Can be used as work bits.
TR area 8 bits --- TR 0 to TR 7 These bits are used to temporarily store
ON/OFF status at program branches.
HR area 1,600 HR 00 to HR 99 HR 0000 to HR 9915 These bits store data and retain their ON/
bits OFF status when power is turned off.
AR area 448 AR 00 to AR 27 AR 0000 to AR 2715 These bits serve specific functions such as
bits flags and control bits.
LR area1 1,024 LR 00 to LR 63 LR 0000 to LR 6315 Used for 1:1 data link through the RS-232
bits port.
Timer/Counter area3 512 TC 000 to TC 511 (timer/counter num- The same numbers are used for both tim-
bits bers) ers and counters. TC 000 to TC 002 are
used for interval timers.

134
Using Memory Cassettes (CQM1 Only) Section 3-5

Data area Size Words Bits Function

DM area Read/write 1,024 DM 0000 to --- DM area data can be accessed in word
words DM 1023 units only. Word values are retained when
the power is turned off.
5,120 DM 1024 to --- Available in CQM1-CPU4-EV1 CPU
words DM 6143 Units only.4
Read-only5 425 DM 6144 to --- Cannot be overwritten from program.
words DM 6568
Error history 31 DM 6569 to --- Used to store the time of occurrence and
area5 words DM 6599 error code of errors that occur.
PC Setup 5 56 DM 6600 to --- Used to store various parameters that con-
words DM 6655 trol PC operation.
User program area 3,200 --- Used to store the program. Retained when
(UM area) or the power is turned off.
7,200 CQM1-CPU11/21-E: 3,200 words
words CQM1-CPU4-EV1: 7,200 words

Note 1. IR and LR bits that are not used for their allocated functions can be used as
work bits.
2. At least 2,720 bits can be used as work bits. The total number of bits that can
be used depends on the configuration of the PC system.
3. When accessing a PV, TC numbers are used as word data; when accessing
Completion Flags, they are used as bit data.
4. Although the CQM1-CPU11-E and CQM1-CPU21-E do not support
DM 1024 through DM 6143, an error will not occur if they are addressed.
Any attempt to write to these words will have no effect and any reads will
produce all zeros.
5. Data in DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be overwritten from the program.

3-1-2 IR Area
The functions of the IR area are explained below.

Input and Output Area IR area bits are allocated to terminals on Input Units and Output Units. They re-
flect the ON/OFF status of input and output signals. Input bits begin at IR 00000,
and output bits begin at IR 10000. With the CQM1, only IR 00000 through
IR 01515 can be used as input bits and only IR 10000 through IR 11515 can be
used as output bits.
For information on allocating input and output bits, refer to page 139.
Note Input bits cannot be used in output instructions. Do not use the same output bit in
more than one OUT and/or OUT NOT instruction, or the program will not execute
properly.

Work Areas With the CQM1-CPU11/21-E and CQM1-CPU41-EV1 CPU Units, any of the bits
between IR 001 and IR 243 not used for specific functions can be used as work
bits. There are a few exceptions with the CQM1-CPU42/43/44-EV1 CPU Units,
as shown in the following table.
CPU Unit Bits Unavailable as Work Bits
CQM1-CPU42-EV1 IR 22000 to IR 22315
CQM1-CPU43/44-EV1 IR 23200 to IR 23915

The work bits can be used freely within the program. They can only be used with-
in the program, however, and not for direct external I/O. Work bits are reset (i.e.,
turned OFF) when the CQM1 power supply is turned off or when operation be-
gins or stops.

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Using Memory Cassettes (CQM1 Only) Section 3-5

The bits in the ranges shown below have specific functions, but can still be used
as work bits when their specific functions are not being used.

Range Function
IR 001 to IR 015 When allocated to Input Units, these bits serve as input bits.
IR 096 to IR 099 When the MACRO instruction is used, these bits serve as oper-
and input bits.
IR 100 to IR 115 When allocated to Output Units, these bits serve as output bits.
IR 196 to IR 199 When the MACRO instruction is used, these bits serve as oper-
and output bits.
IR 220 to IR 223 In the CQM1-CPU42-EV1, these bits serve to store the analog
SV. They can be used as work bits in other CPU Units.
IR 230 to IR 231 When high-speed counter 0 is used, these bits are used to
store its present value.
IR 232 to IR 235 In the CQM1-CPU43/44-EV1, these bits are used to store the
present values for high-speed counters 1 and 2. They can be
used as work bits in other CPU Units.
IR 236 to IR 239 In the CQM1-CPU43-EV1, these bits are used to store the
present values for pulse outputs from ports 1 and 2. In the
CQM1-CPU44-EV1, they are used by the system. They can be
used as work bits in other CPU Units.

IR 200 to IR 215 and IR 240 to IR 243 will be used in future functions, but they can
be used as work bits for the time being.
LR 00 to LR 63 are used as link bits, but they can also be used as work bits when
not linked to another CQM1.

I/O Bit Allocation I/O words are allocated in order from the left, beginning with IR 001 for the Input
Unit and IR100 for the Output Unit. The CPU Unit’s input points are allocated to
IR 000. Even if the Input Unit and Output Unit are mounted at random the input
words and output words are in separate portions of the IR area.
One word is allocated even for 8-point I/O Units. Bit usage for 8-point I/O Units
are shown in the following table.

Unit Bits 0 to 7 Bits 8 to 15

Input Unit Input bits Always OFF (0)
Output Unit Output bits Work bits

The number of I/O bits that can be allocated depends on the CQM1 CPU Unit
being used, as shown in the following table.

CPU Unit model Number of I/O bits

CQM1-CPU11/21-E Up to 128 bits (8 words) can be used for I/O bits.
CQM1-CPU4-EV1 Up to 265 bits (16 words) can be used for I/O bits.

As many as 256 I/O bits (16 words) can be allocated for the CQM1. A 16-point
I/O Unit is allocated two words and must be counted as 16 points in calculating
the total.

Note The SYSMAC-CPT will display or print only 12 I/O words in the I/O table display
for the CQM1, i.e., IR 000 to IR 011. IR 012 to IR 015 will not be displayed for the
CQM1-CPU4-EV1 CPU Unit’s I/O table, even though it has an I/O capacity of
256 pts (16 words). You will be able to input IR 012 to IR 015 for the
CQM1-CPU4-EV1 CPU Unit and the program will execute correctly for these
bits, but “I” and “Q” will not be displayed to indicate input and output words/bits.

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Using Memory Cassettes (CQM1 Only) Section 3-5

Word Allocation Example

PS: Power Supply Unit

I O O I O O CPU: CPU Unit
PS CPU I N U U N U U IN: Input Unit
N T T T T OUT: Output Unit
16 8 16 16 16 8 8

Cannot be used.
Work bits

15 8 7 0 15 8 7 0
IR 000 IR 100
IR 001 IR 101
IR 002 IR 102
IR 103

All bits in words beyond the last input word and output word allocated can be
used as work bits.
In order to make the word allocation easier to understand, and to help eliminate
problems with noise, it is recommended that all Input Units be mounted directly
following the CPU Unit. For the above example, the arrangement would be as
shown below.

PS: Power Supply Unit

I I O O O O CPU: CPU Unit
PS CPU I N N U U U U
N T T T T IN: Input Unit
16 8 16 16 16 8 8 OUT: Output Unit

The number of allocated input words is stored in BCD in AR 2200 to AR 2207; the
number of allocated output words in BCD in AR 2208 to AR 2215. The CQM1
PCs do not use an I/O table.
Note Up to 11 I/O Units can be mounted, regardless of the CPU Unit.

3-1-3 SR Area
These bits mainly serve as flags related to CQM1 operation. For details on the
various bit functions, refer to relevant sections in this manual or to Appendix C
Memory Areas.
SR 244 to SR 247 can also be used as work bits, when input interrupts are not
used in Counter Mode.

3-1-4 TR Area
When a complex ladder diagram cannot be programmed in mnemonic code just
as it is, these bits are used to temporarily store ON/OFF execution conditions at
program branches. They are used only for mnemonic code. When programming
directly with ladder diagrams using the Ladder Support Software (LSS) or the
SYSMAC Support Software (SSS), TR bits are automatically processed for you.
The same TR bits cannot be used more than once within the same instruction
block, but can be used again in different instruction blocks. The ON/OFF status
of TR bits cannot be monitored from a Peripheral Device.
Examples showing the use of TR bits in programming are provided on page 169.

3-1-5 HR Area
These bits retain their ON/OFF status even after the CQM1 power supply has
been turned off or when operation begins or stops. They are used in the same
way as work bits.

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Using Memory Cassettes (CQM1 Only) Section 3-5

! Caution Never use an input bit in a NC condition on the reset (R) for KEEP(11) when the
input device uses an AC power supply (see diagram below). The delay in shut-
ting down the PC’s DC power supply relative to the AC power supply to the input
device can cause the designate bit of KEEP(11) to be reset.

A B
Set KEEP
HR0000

Input Unit
A
AC Reset

3-1-6 AR Area
These bits mainly serve as flags related to CQM1 operation. For details on the
various bit functions, refer to relevant sections in this manual or to Appendix C
Memory Areas.
With the exception of AR 23 (Power-off Counter), the status of AR words and bits
is refreshed each cycle. (AR 23 is refreshed only for power interruptions.)

3-1-7 LR Area
When the CQM1 is linked one to one with another CQM1, these bits are used to
share data. For details, refer to page 100.
LR bits can be used as work bits when not used for data links.

3-1-8 Timer/Counter Area

This area is used to manage timers and counters created with TIM, TIMH(15),
CNT, and CNTR(12). The same numbers are used for both timers and counters
and each number can be used only once in the user program. Do not use the
same TC number twice even for different instructions.
TC number are used to create timers and counters, as well as to access Comple-
tion Flags and present values (PVs). If a TC number is designated for word data,
it will access the present value (PV); if it is used for bit data, it access the Comple-
tion Flag for the timer/counter.
The Completion Flag turns ON when the PV of the timer/counter that is being
used goes to 0.
Refer to instructions beginning on page 208 for details on timers and counters.

Note 1. TC numbers 000 through 015 and interrupt processing should be used for
TIMH(15) whenever the cycle time is longer than 10 ms. Using other timer/
counter numbers or not using interrupt processing will lead to inaccuracy in
the high-speed timers. Interrupt processing can be set in DM 6629 of the PC
Setup.
2. When the input condition turns OFF for TIM or TIMH(15), the PV is reset and
returns to the set value. The PV is also reset at the beginning of program
execution or when the interlock condition goes OFF in a interlocked pro-
gram section (IL–ILC). The PV for CNT or CNTR(12) is not reset like one for
the timer instruction, but rather is reset only when the reset input goes ON.

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Using Memory Cassettes (CQM1 Only) Section 3-5

3-1-9 DM Area
Data is accessed in word units. As shown below, the DM area contains both an
area that can be freely used and areas with specific functions.
DM0000
This area has no specific functions and can be used
freely. Both reading and writing are possible from the
DM1024
program.
(see note 1)
DM6144 This area cannot be written from the program. It is used
Fixed DM for storing information that is not to be changed. Writing
(see note 2) can be executed by means of peripheral devices only.
DM6569
Error Log This area stores the error log. The user can only read this
area, and cannot write into it.
DM6600
PC Setup This area stores information related to CQM1 operation.
(see note 2) The settings are made by means of peripheral devices.
DM6655

Note 1. The CQM1-CPU11-E and CQM1-CPU21-E do not support DM 1024

through DM 6143.
2. Turning ON pin 1 of the DIP switch on the CPU Unit will prevent writing even
by means of peripheral devices.
Fixed DM contents, the PC Setup, the user program, and the instructions table
can all be saved to and loaded from a Memory Cassette as a single unit. Refer to
page 146 for details.

! Caution Although the CQM1-CPU11-E and CQM1-CPU21-E do not support DM 1024

through DM 6143, an error will not occur if they are addressed. Any attempt to
write to these words will have no effect and any reads will produce all zeros.

3-1-10 UM Area
The UM area stores the user’s program. UM area contents can be read and writ-
ten only as program data, and not as words. The following table shows the size
of the UM area in the CQM1 CPU Units.
CPU Unit Model UM area size
CQM1-CPU11/21-E 3.2 KW
CQM1-CPU4-EV1 7.2 KW

3-2 CPM1/CPM1A Memory Area Functions

3-2-1 Memory Area Structure
The following memory areas can be used with the CPM1/CPM1A.
Data area Words Bits Function
IR area1 Input area IR 000 to IR 009 IR 00000 to IR 00915 These bits can be allocated to the external
(10 words) (160 bits) I/O terminals.
Output area IR 010 to IR 019 IR 01000 to IR 01915
(10 words) (160 bits)
Work area IR 200 to IR 231 IR 20000 to IR 23115 Work bits can be freely used within the pro-
(32 words) (512 bits) gram.
SR area SR 232 to SR 255 SR 23200 to SR 25515 These bits serve specific functions such as
(24 words) (384 bits) flags and control bits.
TR area --- TR 0 to TR 7 These bits are used to temporarily store
(8 bits) ON/OFF status at program branches.
HR area2 HR 00 to HR 19 HR 0000 to HR 1915 These bits store data and retain their ON/
(20 words) (320 bits) OFF status when power is turned off.

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Using Memory Cassettes (CQM1 Only) Section 3-5

Data area Words Bits Function

AR area2 AR 00 to AR 15 AR 0000 to AR 1515 These bits serve specific functions such as
(16 words) (256 bits) flags and control bits.
LR area1 LR 00 to LR 15 LR 0000 to LR 1515 Used for a 1:1 data link with another PC.
(16 words) (256 bits)
Timer/Counter area2 TC 000 to TC 127 (timer/counter numbers)3 The same numbers are used for both timers
and counters.
DM area Read/write2 DM 0000 to DM 0999 --- DM area data can be accessed in word
DM 1022 to DM 1023 units only. Word values are retained when
(1,002 words) the power is turned off.
Error log DM 1000 to DM 1021 --- Used to store the time of occurrence and
(22 words) error code of errors that occur. These words
can be used as ordinary read/write DM
when the error log function isn’t being used.
Read-only4 DM 6144 to DM 6599 --- Cannot be overwritten from program.
(456 words)
PC Setup4 DM 6600 to DM 6655 --- Used to store various parameters that con-
(56 words) trol PC operation.
Note 1. IR and LR bits that are not used for their allocated functions can be used as
work bits.
2. The contents of the HR area, LR area, Counter area, and read/write DM
area are backed up by a capacitor. The backup time varies with the ambient
temperature, but at 25C, the capacitor will back up memory for 20 days. If
the power supply is off longer than the backup time, memory contents will be
cleared and AR1314 will turn ON. (This flag turns ON when data can no
longer be retained by the built-in capacitor.) Refer to 2-1-2 Characteristics in
the CPM1 and CPM1A Operation Manual for a graph showing the backup
time vs. temperature.
3. When accessing a PV, TC numbers are used as word data; when accessing
Completion Flags, they are used as bit data.
4. Data in DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be overwritten from the program, but
they can be changed from a Peripheral Device.

3-2-2 IR Area
The functions of the IR area are explained below.
I/O Bits IR area bits from IR 00000 to IR 01915 are allocated to terminals on the CPU Unit
and I/O Units. They reflect the ON/OFF status of input and output signals. Input
bits begin at IR 00000, and output bits begin at IR 01000.

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Using Memory Cassettes (CQM1 Only) Section 3-5

The following table shows which IR bits are allocated to the I/O terminals on the
CPM1 CPU Units and CPM1-20EDR I/O Unit.
CPM1 CPU Unit I/O CPU Unit Terminals I/O Unit Terminals

CPM1-10CDR- Inputs 6 points: 00000 to 00005 12 points: 00100 to 00111
Outputs 4 points: 01000 to 01003 8 points: 01100 to 01107

CPM1-20CDR- Inputs 12 points: 00000 to 00011 12 points: 00100 to 00111
Outputs 8 points: 01000 to 01007 8 points: 01100 to 01107
CPM1-30CDR- Inputs 18 points: 12 points: 00200 to 00211
00000 to 00011,
00100 to 00105
Outputs 12 points: 8 points: 01200 to 01207
01000 to 01007,
01100 to 01103
CPM1-30CDR- Inputs 18 points: 36 points: 00200 to 00211
-V1 00000 to 00011, 00300 to 00311
00100 to 00105 00400 to 00411
Outputs 12 points: 24 points:01200 to 01207
01000 to 01007, 01300 to 01407
01100 to 01103 01400 to 01407

The following table shows which IR bits are allocated to the I/O terminals on the
CPM1A’s CPU Units and Expansion I/O Unit.
Number CPU Unit terminals CPM1A-20ED Expansion I/O Unit Terminals Power Model
of I/O supply number
terminals
on the Inputs Outputs Inputs Outputs Inputs Outputs Inputs Outputs
CPU Unit
10 6 points: 4 points: --- --- --- --- --- --- AC CPM1A-
00000 to 01000 to 10CD-A
00005 01003 DC CPM1A-
10CD-D
20 12 points: 8 points: --- --- --- --- --- --- AC CPM1A-
00000 to 01000 to 20CD-A
00011 01007 DC CPM1A-
20CD-D
30 18 points: 12 points: 12 points: 8 points: 12 points: 8 points: 12 points: 8 points: AC CPM1A-
00000 to 01000 to 00200 to 01200 to 00300 to 01300 to 00400 to 01400 to 30CD-A
00011 01007 00211 01207 00311 01307 00411 01407
DC CPM1A-
00100 to 01100 to 30CD-D
00105 01103
40 24 points: 16 points: 12 points: 8 points: 12 points: 8 points: 12 points: 8 points: AC CPM1A-
00000 to 01000 to 00200 to 01200 to 00300 to 01300 to 00400 to 01400 to 40CD-A
00011 01007 00211 01207 00311 01307 00411 01407
DC CPM1A-
00100 to 01100 to 40CD-D
00111 01107

Work Bits The work bits can be used freely within the program. They can only be used with-
in the program, however, and not for direct external I/O.

3-2-3 SR Area
These bits mainly serve as flags related to CPM1/CPM1A operation or contain
present and set values for various functions. For details on the various bit func-
tions, refer to relevant sections in this manual or to Appendix C Memory Areas.
SR 244 to SR 247 can also be used as work bits, when input interrupts are not
used in Counter Mode.

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Using Memory Cassettes (CQM1 Only) Section 3-5

3-2-4 TR Area
When a complex ladder diagram cannot be programmed in mnemonic code just
as it is, these bits are used to temporarily store ON/OFF execution conditions at
program branches. They are used only for mnemonic code. When programming
directly with ladder diagrams using the Ladder Support Software (LSS) or the
SYSMAC Support Software (SSS), TR bits are automatically processed for you.
The same TR bits cannot be used more than once within the same instruction
block, but can be used again in different instruction blocks. The ON/OFF status
of TR bits cannot be monitored from a Peripheral Device.
Examples showing the use of TR bits in programming are provided on page 169.

3-2-5 HR Area
These bits retain their ON/OFF status even after the CPM1/CPM1A power sup-
ply has been turned off or when operation begins or stops. They are used in the
same way as work bits.

3-2-6 AR Area
These bits mainly serve as flags related to CPM1/CPM1A operation. These bits
retain their status even after the CPM1/CPM1A power supply has been turned
off or when operation begins or stops. For details on the various bit functions,
refer to relevant sections in this manual or to Appendix C Memory Areas.

3-2-7 LR Area
When the CPM1/CPM1A is linked one-to-one with another CPM1/CPM1A, a
CQM1, an SRM1 or a C200HS PC, these bits are used to share data. For details,
refer to page 101.
LR bits can be used as work bits when not used for data links.

3-2-8 Timer/Counter Area

This area is used to manage timers and counters created with TIM, TIMH(15),
CNT, and CNTR(12). The same numbers are used for both timers and counters
and each number can be used only once in the user program. Do not use the
same TC number twice even for different instructions.
TC numbers are used to create timers and counters, as well as to access
Completion Flags and present values (PVs). If a TC number is designated for
word data, it will access the present value (PV); if it is used for bit data, it will ac-
cess the Completion Flag for the timer/counter.
Refer to instructions beginning on page 208 for details on timers and counters.

3-2-9 DM Area
DM area data is accessed in word units only. The contents of the DM area are
retained even after the CPM1/CPM1A power supply has been turned off or when
operation begins or stops.
DM words DM 0000 through DM 0999, DM 1022, and DM 1023 can be used
freely in the program; other DM words are allocated specific functions, de-
scribed below.
Error Log DM 1000 through DM 1021 contain the error log information. Refer to Section 8
Troubleshooting for details on the error log.
PC Setup DM 6600 through DM 6655 contain the PC Setup. Refer to 1-5 PC Setup for de-
tails.

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Using Memory Cassettes (CQM1 Only) Section 3-5

3-3 SRM1 Memory Area Functions

3-3-1 Memory Area Structure
The following memory areas can be used with the SRM1.
Data area Words Bits Function
IR area1 Input area IR 000 to IR 009 IR 00000 to IR 00915 These bits can be allocated to the external
(10 words) (160 bits) I/O terminals. The ON/OFF status of the I/O
bits will be the same as the ON/OFF status
Output area IR 010 to IR 019 IR 01000 to IR 01915 of the I/O terminals
(10 words) (160 bits) Any I/O bits not used for I/O can be used as
work bits.
Work area IR 200 to IR 239 IR 20000 to IR 23915 Work bits can be freely used within the pro-
(40 words) (640 bits) gram. IR 232 to IR 239 however, cannot be
used as the the MACRO input area for the
MACRO instruction.
SR area SR 240 to SR 255 SR 24000 to SR 25507 These bits serve as storage space for flags
(16 words) (248 bits) and function set values/present values for
SRM1 operation. Refer to SR Area.
TR area --- TR 0 to TR 7 When a complicated ladder diagram cannot
(8 bits) be recorded as a mnemonic these bits are
used to temporarily store ON/OFF status at
program branches. These temporary bits
cannot be used within the same block but if
the blocks are different several may be
used. The ON/OFF status of these bits can-
not be monitored using the monitoring func-
tion of a peripheral device.
HR area2 HR 00 to HR 19 HR 0000 to HR 1915 These bits store data and retain their ON/
(20 words) (320 bits) OFF status when power is turned off, or op-
eration starts or stops. They are used in the
same way as work bits.
AR area2 AR 00 to AR 15 AR 0000 to AR 1515 These bits serve specific functions such as
(16 words) (256 bits) flags and control bits. AR 04 to 07 are used
as slaves. Refer to AR Area.
LR area1 LR 00 to LR 15 LR 0000 to LR 1515 Used for a 1:1 data link with another SRM1,
(16 words) (256 bits) CQM1 or C200HS PC.
Timer/Counter area2 TC 000 to TC 127 (timer/counter numbers)3 Timers and counter use the TIM, TIMH(15),
CNT and CNTR(12) instructions. The same
numbers are used for both timers and
counters.
Timer/counter numbers should be specified
as bits when dealing with timer/counter
present values. The counter data will be
stored even when the SRM1 power is
turned off or operation is stopped or started.
When timer/counter are treated as up-flags
the number should be specified as relay
data.

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Using Memory Cassettes (CQM1 Only) Section 3-5

Data area Words Bits Function

DM area Read/write2 DM 0000 to DM 1999 --- DM area data can be accessed in word
(2,000 words) units only. Word values are retained when
the power is turned off, or operation started
or stopped.
Read/write areas can be read and written
freely within the program.
Error log4 DM 2000 to DM 2021 --- Used to store the time of occurrence and
(22 words) error code of errors that occur. Refer to 5-5
Coding Right-hand Instructions.
Read-only4 DM 6144 to DM 6599 --- Cannot be overwritten from program.
(456 words)
PC Setup4 DM 6600 to DM 6655 --- Used to store various parameters that con-
(56 words) trol PC operation.
Note 1. IR and LR bits that are not used for their allocated functions can be used as
work bits.
2. The contents of the HR area, LR area, Counter area, and read/write DM
area are backed up by a capacitor. At 25C, the capacitor will back up
memory for 20 days. Refer to 2-1-2 Characteristics in the SRM1 Master
Control Unit Operation Manual for a graph showing the backup time vs. tem-
perature.
3. When accessing a PV, TC numbers are used as word data; when accessing
Completion Flags, they are used as bit data.
4. Data in DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be overwritten from the program, but
they can be changed from a Peripheral Device.

3-3-2 IR Area
The functions of the IR area are explained below.
I/O Bits IR area bits from IR 00000 to IR 01915 are allocated to terminals on the CPU Unit
and I/O Unit. They reflect the ON/OFF status of input and output signals. Input
bits begin at IR 00000, and output bits begin at IR 01000.
Refer to 1-4 I/O and Data Area Allocation in the SRM1 Master Control Units Op-
eration Manual for further details.
Work Bits The work bits can be used freely within the program. They can only be used with-
in the program, however, and not for direct external I/O.

3-3-3 SR Area
These bits mainly serve as flags related to SRM1 operation or contain present
and set values for various functions. For details on the various bit functions, refer
to relevant sections in this manual or to Appendix C Memory Areas.
SR 240 to SR 247 and SR250, 251 can also be used as work bits, when input
interrupts are not used in Counter Mode. SR232 to SR239 can also be used as
work bits when the MCRO (99) instruction is not being used.

3-3-4 TR Area
When a complex ladder diagram cannot be programmed in mnemonic code just
as it is, these bits are used to temporarily store ON/OFF execution conditions at
program branches. They are used only for mnemonic code. When programming
directly with ladder diagrams using the Ladder Support Software (LSS) or the
SYSMAC Support Software (SSS), TR bits are automatically processed for you.
The same TR bits cannot be used more than once within the same instruction
block, but can be used again in different instruction blocks. The ON/OFF status
of TR bits cannot be monitored from a Peripheral Device.
Examples showing the use of TR bits in programming are provided on page 169.

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Using Memory Cassettes (CQM1 Only) Section 3-5

3-3-5 HR Area
These bits retain their ON/OFF status even after the SRM1 power supply has
been turned off or when operation begins or stops. They are used in the same
way as work bits.

3-3-6 AR Area
These bits mainly serve as flags related to SRM1 operation. These bits retain
their status even after the SRM1 power supply has been turned off or when op-
eration begins or stops. For details on the various bit functions, refer to relevant
sections in this manual or to Appendix C Memory Areas.

3-3-7 LR Area
When the SRM1 is linked one-to-one with another SRM1, a CQM1, an
CPM1/CPM1A or a C200HS PC, these bits are used to share data. For details,
refer to page 101.
LR bits can be used as work bits when not used for data links.

3-3-8 Timer/Counter Area

This area is used to manage timers and counters created with TIM, TIMH(15),
CNT, and CNTR(12). The same numbers are used for both timers and counters
and each number can be used only once in the user program. Do not use the
same TC number twice even for different instructions.
TC numbers are used to create timers and counters, as well as to access
Completion Flags and present values (PVs). If a TC number is designated for
word data, it will access the present value (PV); if it is used for bit data, it will ac-
cess the Completion Flag for the timer/counter.
Refer to instructions beginning on page 208 for details on timers and counters.

3-3-9 DM Area
DM area data is accessed in word units only. The contents of the DM area are
retained even after the SRM1 power supply has been turned off or when opera-
tion begins or stops.
DM words DM 0000 through DM 1999, DM 2022, and DM 2047 can be used
freely in the program; other DM words are allocated specific functions, de-
scribed below.
Error Log DM 2000 through DM 2021 contain the error log information. Refer to Section 8
Troubleshooting for details on the error log.
PC Setup DM 6600 through DM 6655 contain the PC Setup. Refer to 1-5 PC Setup for de-
tails.

3-4 SRM1 Flash Memory

The following settings must be made to use the flash memory area for SRM1
PCs.
Writing Data In order to write the contents of the UM area, the DM read-only area (DM 6144 to
DM 6599, and the PC Setup area (DM 6600 to DM 6655) to the flash memory,
either one of the following operations must be performed.
• Switch the SRM1 to either the MONITOR or PROGRAM mode.
• Turn the power to the SRM1 off and on again.
Note If changes are made to the above memory areas, they are not written to the flash
memory, and the power is switched off for 20 days or more (at 25°C), the
changes (in RAM) will be lost. If this occurs, the unchanged contents will be read
from the flash memory when the PC is started again.

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Using Memory Cassettes (CQM1 Only) Section 3-5

Changing Memory Areas When operating the SRM1 for the first time after changes have been made to the
UM area, the DM read only area (DM 6144 to DM 6599, and the PC Setup area
(DM 6600 to DM 6655), beware of the effect resulting from the SRM1’s delay in
the operation on other devices.
The first operation for the SRM1 after the above memory areas have been
changed will be a maximum of 850 ms later than the normal first operation with-
out changes.

Cycle Times A cycle time overflow warning will not be issued when any of the following opera-
tions are performed in either MONITOR or OPERATION modes. Be careful of
the effect of using online editing on SRM1 I/O response time.
• Changes to the program using online editing.
• Changes to the read-only DM area (DM 6144 to DM 6599.)
• Changes to the PC Setup area (DM 6600 to DM 6655.)
When any of the above operations are performed, the SRM1 cycle time will be
increased by a maximum of 850 ms. During this tiny interrupts will be disabled
while the program or memory contents is written.

3-5 Using Memory Cassettes (CQM1 Only)

When the optional Memory Cassette is used, the PC Setup, user’s program,
fixed DM, and the instructions tabled can be placed in ROM. This prevents un-
wanted changes from being accidentally written. In addition, when changing
control processes, the settings and the program can be easily changed by sim-
ply replacing the Memory Cassette.
This section explains how to read, write, and compare information to and from
the Memory Cassette.

3-5-1 Memory Cassettes and Contents

Memory Cassettes There are six types of Memory Cassette, as shown in the following table.

Model Remarks
CQM1-ME04K EEPROM type (without clock) 4K words
CQM1-ME04R EEPROM type (with clock) 4K words
CQM1-MP08K EPROM type (without clock) 8K words
CQM1-MP08R EPROM type (with clock) 8K words
CQM1-ME08K EEPROM type (without clock) 8K words
CQM1-ME08R EEPROM type (with clock) 8K words
The following EEPROM chips (sold separately) are required for EPROM-type
Memory Cassettes.

Model ROM version Capacity Access speed

ROM-ID-B 27128 or equivalent 8K words 150 ns
ROM-JD-B 27256 or equivalent 16K words 150 ns
ROM-KD-B 27512 or equivalent 32K words 150 ns

For the CQM1 CPU Units, 8K words max. of information can be written to the
Memory Cassette. Therefore, any of the EPROM chips listed above would have
sufficient capacity, and the choice can be made strictly on the basis of ease of
purchase.
For instructions on using Memory Cassettes, refer to CQM1 Operation Manual.

146
Using Memory Cassettes (CQM1 Only) Section 3-5

Contents The information that can be written to a Memory Cassette is shown in the follow-
ing table.

Information Contents
Fixed DM Fixed Data Memory cannot be written from the program.
The range is DM 6144 to DM 6568. These words are avail-
able for the user.
PC Setup The PC Setup sets the operating parameters of the CQM1
and it stored in DM 6600 to DM 6655.
Instructions Table The instructions table assigns expansion instruction to func-
tion codes to enable using them in programming.
User Program The UM area holds the user’s program.
Memory (UM)

The above information is cannot be read, written, or compared individually, and

must be treated as a single unit.

3-5-2 Memory Cassette Capacity and UM Area Size

A non-fatal error will occur if an attempt is made to transfer a program that is too
large. There are two cases in which this can occur.

1, 2, 3... 1. When a 4-KW EEPROM Memory Cassette is installed in a

CQM1-CPU4-EV1 CPU Unit with a 7.2-KW UM area, programs up to 3.2
KW long can be written to the Memory Cassette. A non-fatal error will occur if
an attempt is made to write a program larger than 3.2 KW to the Memory
Cassette.

UM area (7.2 KW) Memory Cassette (4 KW)

Program larger
than 3.2 KW X

2. When a 8-KW or larger Memory Cassette is installed in a

CQM1-CPU11/21-E CPU Unit with a 3.2-KW UM area, programs up to
3.2 KW long can be read from the Memory Cassette. A non-fatal error will
occur if an attempt is made to read a program larger than 3.2 KW from the
Memory Cassette.

UM area (3.2 KW) Memory Cassette (8 KW)

X Program larger
than 3.2 KW

Note The two transfers shown above would be completed normally if the program
were 3.2 KW or smaller.

147
Using Memory Cassettes (CQM1 Only) Section 3-5

The approximate sizes of the programs in the UM area and Memory Cassette
can be determined by the content of AR 15, as shown in the following table.
Program Bits Content Meaning
location
Memory AR 1500 00 No Memory Cassette is installed or no program is
Cassette to saved in the Memory Cassette.
AR 1507 04 The program is less than 3.2 KW long and can be
read from any CQM1 CPU Unit.
08 The program is less than 7.2 KW long and can be
read from CQM1-CPU4-E/-EV1 CPU Units only.
UM area AR 1508 04 The program is less than 3.2 KW long and can be
to written to any Memory Cassette.
AR 1515 08 The program is less than 7.2 KW long and can be
written to 8-KW or larger Memory Cassettes only.
In CQM1-CPU11/21-E CPU Units, the content of AR 1508 to AR 1515 is normal-
ly 04, and the content of AR 1500 to AR 1507 is normally 04 when a 4-KW
Memory Cassette is installed.
The size of the program indicated in AR 15 does not include the NOP(00)
instructions after END(01), but will include any instructions other than NOP(00).
Be sure to clear any unneeded instructions after END(01) to get an accurate
measurement of the program’s size.

3-5-3 Writing to the Memory Cassette

Writing to an EPROM-type Memory Cassette is executed using either the Lad-
der Support Software (LSS) or SYSMAC Support Software (SSS), and a PROM
Writer. For instructions on using LSS, refer to the LSS Operation Manual. For
instructions on using SSS, refer to the SSS Operation Manual: C-series PCs.
Follow the procedure outlined below for writing.
1, 2, 3... 1. Check to see that the write-protect switch on the Memory Cassette is OFF
(i.e., writing enabled). If the switch is ON (i.e., writing not enabled), then turn
the CQM1 power supply off and remove the Memory Cassette before
changing the switch.
2. Check to see that the CQM1 is in PROGRAM mode. If it is in either RUN or
MONITOR mode, use the LSS/SSS to change the mode.
3. Turn ON AR 1400 from the LSS/SSS. The information will be written from
the CQM1 to the Memory Cassette.
4. With the LSS/SSS, clear the forced-set status to turn OFF AR 1400, which
will not change even after the operation is complete. (If the Programming
Console is being used, AR 1400 will automatically turn OFF.)

! Caution Data cannot be written to the Memory Cassette if a memory error has occurred.

Note If an error occurs while data is being transmitted, a non-fatal error (FAL 9D) will
be generated and the appropriate AR bit (from AR 1412 to AR 1415) will turn
ON/OFF. If this occurs, refer to Section 8 Troubleshooting and make the neces-
sary corrections.

3-5-4 Reading from the Memory Cassette

There are two methods for reading data from the Memory Cassette to the
CQM1: By using a Peripheral Device (e.g., LSS/SSS) or by automatic reading
the contents when the CQM1 is started up.
If the program on the Memory Cassette has expansion instructions with function
codes different from the default settings, make sure that pin 4 of the CPU Unit’s
DIP switch is ON (indicating user-allocated function codes).

148
Using Memory Cassettes (CQM1 Only) Section 3-5

Note When data is being read from the Memory Cassette to the CQM1, pin 1 of the
DIP switch on the CQM1 must be OFF (i.e., writing to the DM must be enabled).
Turn off the power to the CQM1 before turning this pin OFF.
Reading from the Memory Cassette can be executed regardless of the type of
Memory Cassette.
If an error occurs while data is being transmitted, a non-fatal error (FAL 9D) will
be generated and the appropriate AR bit (from AR 1412 to AR 1415 will turn ON/
OFF. (If this occurs, refer to the Troubleshooting section and make the neces-
sary correction.)
Peripheral Device Operation To use a peripheral device to read from the Memory Cassette, follow the proce-
dure outlined below.
1, 2, 3... 1. Check to see that the CQM1 is in PROGRAM mode. If it is in either RUN or
MONITOR mode, use the peripheral device to change the mode.
2. Use the peripheral device to turn ON AR 1401. The information will be read
from the Memory Cassette to the CQM1.
3. With the LSS/SSS, clear the forced-set status to turn OFF AR 1401, which
will not change even after the operation is complete. (If the Programming
Console is being used, AR 1401 will automatically turn OFF.)
Automatic Reading If pin 2 of the DIP switch on the CQM1 is turned ON (auto-boot), then data will
automatically be read from the Memory Cassette when the power supply is
turned on to the CQM1. Operation will not be possible if an error occurs during
transfer of data between the Memory Cassette and CQM1 memory.

! Caution Be absolutely sure that the power is turned off before changing CQM1 DIP
switch settings.

3-5-5 Comparing Memory Cassette Contents

The contents of the Memory Cassette can be compared to the contents of the
CQM1 memory to check to see if they are the same. This comparison can be
performed for any type of Memory Cassette.
Use the following procedure.
1, 2, 3... 1. Check to see that the CQM1 is in PROGRAM mode. If it is in either RUN or
MONITOR mode, use the peripheral device to change to the PROGRAM
mode.
2. Turn ON AR 1402 from the peripheral device. The contents of the Memory
Cassette will be compared to the contents of CQM1 memory.
3. With the LSS/SSS, clear the forced-set status to turn OFF AR 1402, which
will not change even after the operation is complete. (If the Programming
Console is being used, AR 1402 will automatically turn OFF.)
4. Check the status of AR 1403 to see the results of the comparison. AR 1403
will be ON if the contents were not the same or if the comparison was not
possible because the CQM1 was not in PROGRAM mode. If AR 1403 is
OFF, the comparison was successful and the contents were the same.
AR 1403 cannot be controlled from the program or from a peripheral device. It is
controlled by the results of comparison only.
If a comparison is attempted with the CQM1 in any mode but PROGRAM mode,
a non-fatal error will occur (FAL 9D) and AR 1412 will turn ON. Although AR 1403
will also turn ON, no comparison will have been performed. AR 1403 will also
turn ON if a comparison is attempted without a Memory Cassette mounted in the
CQM1.

149
SECTION 4
Ladder-diagram Programming
This section explains the basic steps and concepts involved in writing a basic ladder diagram program. It introduces the
instructions that are used to build the basic structure of the ladder diagram and control its execution. The entire set of instruc-
tions used in programming is described in Section 5 Instruction Set.

4-1 Basic Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

4-2 Instruction Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
4-3 Basic Ladder Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
4-3-1 Basic Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
4-3-2 Mnemonic Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
4-3-3 Ladder Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
4-3-4 OUTPUT and OUTPUT NOT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
4-3-5 The END Instruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
4-3-6 Logic Block Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
4-3-7 Coding Multiple Right-hand Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
4-3-8 Branching Instruction Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
4-3-9 Jumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
4-4 Controlling Bit Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
4-4-1 SET and RESET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
4-4-2 DIFFERENTIATE UP and DIFFERENTIATE DOWN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
4-4-3 KEEP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
4-4-4 Self-maintaining Bits (Seal) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
4-5 Work Bits (Internal Relays) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
4-6 Programming Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
4-7 Program Execution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179

151
Instruction Terminology Section 4-2

4-1 Basic Procedure

There are several basic steps involved in writing a program. Sheets that can be
copied to aid in programming are provided in Appendix E I/O Assignment Sheet
and Appendix F Program Coding Sheet.
1, 2, 3... 1. Obtain a list of all I/O devices and the I/O points that have been assigned to
them and prepare a table that shows the I/O bit allocated to each I/O device.
2. If you are using LR bits to link two PCs, prepare sheet showing the used of
these bits.
3. Determine what words are available for work bits and prepare a table in
which you can allocate these as you use them.
4. Also prepare tables of TC numbers and jump numbers so that you can allo-
cate these as you use them. Remember, the function of a TC number can
be defined only once within the program; jump numbers 01 through 99 can
be used only once each. (TC number are described in 5-15 Timer and
Counter Instructions; jump numbers are described later in this section.)
5. Draw the ladder diagram.
6. Input the program into the CPU Unit. When using the Programming Con-
sole, this will involve converting the program to mnemonic form.
7. Check the program for syntax errors and correct these.
8. Execute the program to check for execution errors and correct these.
9. After the entire Control System has been installed and is ready for use,
execute the program and fine tune it if required.
The basics of ladder-diagram programming and conversion to mnemonic code
are described in 4-3 Basic Ladder Diagrams. Preparing for and inputting the pro-
gram via the Programming Console are described in the CQM1 Operation
Manual, CPM1 Operation Manual, the CPM1A Operation Manual and the SRM1
Master Control Units Manual and via the SSS in the SSS Operation Manual: C-
series PCs.
The rest of Section 4 covers more advanced programming, programming pre-
cautions, and program execution. All special application instructions are cov-
ered in Section 5 Instruction Set. Debugging is described in the CQM1 Opera-
tion Manual, CPM1 Operation Manual, the CPM1A Operation Manual, the
SRM1 Master Control Units Manual, and SSS Operation Manual: C-series PCs.
Section 8 Troubleshooting also provides information required for debugging.

4-2 Instruction Terminology

There are basically two types of instructions used in ladder-diagram program-
ming: instructions that correspond to the conditions on the ladder diagram and
are used in instruction form only when converting a program to mnemonic code
and instructions that are used on the right side of the ladder diagram and are
executed according to the conditions on the instruction lines leading to them.
Most instructions have at least one or more operands associated with them. Op-
erands indicate or provide the data on which an instruction is to be performed.
These are sometimes input as the actual numeric values, but are usually the ad-
dresses of data area words or bits that contain the data to be used. For instance,
a MOVE instruction that has IR 000 designated as the source operand will move
the contents of IR 000 to some other location. The other location is also desig-
nated as an operand. A bit whose address is designated as an operand is called
an operand bit; a word whose address is designated as an operand is called an
operand word. If the actual value is entered as a constant, it is preceded by # to
indicate that it is not an address.
Other terms used in describing instructions are introduced in Section 5 Instruc-
tion Set.

152
Basic Ladder Diagrams Section 4-3

4-3 Basic Ladder Diagrams

A ladder diagram consists of one line running down the left side with lines
branching off to the right. The line on the left is called the bus bar; the branching
lines, instruction lines or rungs. Along the instruction lines are placed conditions
that lead to other instructions on the right side. The logical combinations of these
conditions determine when and how the instructions at the right are executed. A
ladder diagram is shown below.

00000 06315 25208 HR 0109 LR 2503 24400 24401

Instruction

00001 00501 00502 00503 00504

00100 00002 00003 HR 0050 00007 TIM 001 LR 0515 00403 00405
Instruction

00010 21001 21002

00011 21005 21007

As shown in the diagram above, instruction lines can branch apart and they can
join back together. The vertical pairs of lines are called conditions. Conditions
without diagonal lines through them are called normally open conditions and
correspond to a LOAD, AND, or OR instruction. The conditions with diagonal
lines through them are called normally closed conditions and correspond to a
LOAD NOT, AND NOT, or OR NOT instruction. The number above each condi-
tion indicates the operand bit for the instruction. It is the status of the bit
associated with each condition that determines the execution condition for fol-
lowing instructions. The way the operation of each of the instructions corre-
sponds to a condition is described below. Before we consider these, however,
there are some basic terms that must be explained.
Note When displaying ladder diagrams with the SSS, a second bus bar will be shown
on the right side of the ladder diagram and will be connected to all instructions on
the right side. This does not change the ladder-diagram program in any function-
al sense. No conditions can be placed between the instructions on the right side
and the right bus bar, i.e., all instructions on the right must be connected directly
to the right bus bar. Refer to the SSS Operation Manual: C-series PCs for details.

4-3-1 Basic Terms

Normally Open and Each condition in a ladder diagram is either ON or OFF depending on the status
Normally Closed of the operand bit that has been assigned to it. A normally open condition is ON if
Conditions the operand bit is ON; OFF if the operand bit is OFF. A normally closed condition
is ON if the operand bit is OFF; OFF if the operand bit is ON. Generally speaking,
you use a normally open condition when you want something to happen when a
bit is ON, and a normally closed condition when you want something to happen
when a bit is OFF.

00000
Instruction
Instruction is executed
when IR bit 00000 is ON.
Normally open
condition
00000
Instruction
Instruction is executed
when IR bit 00000 is OFF.
Normally closed
condition

153
Basic Ladder Diagrams Section 4-3

Execution Conditions In ladder diagram programming, the logical combination of ON and OFF condi-
tions before an instruction determines the compound condition under which the
instruction is executed. This condition, which is either ON or OFF, is called the
execution condition for the instruction. All instructions other than LOAD instruc-
tions have execution conditions.

Operand Bits The operands designated for any of the ladder instructions can be any bit in the
IR, SR, HR, AR, LR, or TC areas. This means that the conditions in a ladder dia-
gram can be determined by I/O bits, flags, work bits, timers/counters, etc. LOAD
and OUTPUT instructions can also use TR area bits, but they do so only in spe-
cial applications. Refer to 4-3-8 Branching Instruction Lines for details.

Logic Blocks The way that conditions correspond to what instructions is determined by the
relationship between the conditions within the instruction lines that connect
them. Any group of conditions that go together to create a logic result is called a
logic block. Although ladder diagrams can be written without actually analyzing
individual logic blocks, understanding logic blocks is necessary for efficient pro-
gramming and is essential when programs are to be input in mnemonic code.

Instruction Block An instruction block consists of all the instructions that are interconnected
across the ladder diagram. One instruction block thus consists of all the instruc-
tions between where you can draw a horizontal line across the ladder diagram
without intersecting any vertical lines and the next place where you can draw the
same type of horizontal line.

4-3-2 Mnemonic Code

The ladder diagram cannot be directly input into the PC via a Programming Con-
sole; the SSS is required. To input from a Programming Console, it is necessary
to convert the ladder diagram to mnemonic code. The mnemonic code provides
exactly the same information as the ladder diagram, but in a form that can be
typed directly into the PC. Actually you can program directly in mnemonic code,
although it in not recommended for beginners or for complex programs. Also,
regardless of the Programming Device used, the program is stored in memory in
mnemonic form, making it important to understand mnemonic code.

Because of the importance of the Programming Console as a peripheral device

and because of the importance of mnemonic code in complete understanding of
a program, we will introduce and describe the mnemonic code along with the
ladder diagram. Remember, you will not need to use the mnemonic code if you
are inputting via the SSS (although you can use it with the SSS if you prefer).

Program Memory Structure The program is input into addresses in Program Memory. Addresses in Program
Memory are slightly different to those in other memory areas because each ad-
dress does not necessarily hold the same amount of data. Rather, each address
holds one instruction and all of the definers and operands (described in more
detail later) required for that instruction. Because some instructions require no
operands, while others require up to three operands, Program Memory address-
es can be from one to four words long.

154
Basic Ladder Diagrams Section 4-3

Program Memory addresses start at 00000 and run until the capacity of Program
Memory has been exhausted. The first word at each address defines the instruc-
tion. Any definers used by the instruction are also contained in the first word.
Also, if an instruction requires only a single bit operand (with no definer), the bit
operand is also programmed on the same line as the instruction. The rest of the
words required by an instruction contain the operands that specify what data is
to be used. When converting to mnemonic code, all but ladder diagram instruc-
tions are written in the same form, one word to a line, just as they appear in the
ladder diagram symbols. An example of mnemonic code is shown below. The
instructions used in it are described later in the manual.

Address Instruction Operands

00000 LD HR 0001
00001 AND 00001
00002 OR 00002
00003 LD NOT 00100
00004 AND 00101
00005 AND LD
00006 MOV(21)
000
DM 0000
00007 CMP(20)
DM 0000
HR 00
00008 AND 25505
00009 OUT 10000
00010 MOV(21)
DM 0000
DM 0500
00011 LD 00502
00012 AND 00005
00013 OUT 10003

The address and instruction columns of the mnemonic code table are filled in for
the instruction word only. For all other lines, the left two columns are left blank. If
the instruction requires no definer or bit operand, the operand column is left
blank for first line. It is a good idea to cross through any blank data column
spaces (for all instruction words that do not require data) so that the data column
can be quickly scanned to see if any addresses have been left out.

When programming, addresses are automatically displayed and do not have to

be input unless for some reason a different location is desired for the instruction.
When converting to mnemonic code, it is best to start at Program Memory ad-
dress 00000 unless there is a specific reason for starting elsewhere.

4-3-3 Ladder Instructions

The ladder instructions are those instructions that correspond to the conditions
on the ladder diagram. Ladder instructions, either independently or in combina-
tion with the logic block instructions described next, form the execution condi-
tions upon which the execution of all other instructions are based.

155
Basic Ladder Diagrams Section 4-3

LOAD and LOAD NOT The first condition that starts any logic block within a ladder diagram corre-
sponds to a LOAD or LOAD NOT instruction. Each of these instruction requires
one line of mnemonic code. “Instruction” is used as a dummy instruction in the
following examples and could be any of the right-hand instructions described lat-
er in this manual.

00000

Address Instruction Operands

A LOAD instruction.
00000 LD 00000
00000 00001 Instruction
00002 LD NOT 00000
A LOAD NOT instruction. 00003 Instruction

When this is the only condition on the instruction line, the execution condition for
the instruction at the right is ON when the condition is ON. For the LOAD instruc-
tion (i.e., a normally open condition), the execution condition would be ON when
IR 00000 was ON; for the LOAD NOT instruction (i.e., a normally closed condi-
tion), it would be ON when 00000 was OFF.

AND and AND NOT When two or more conditions lie in series on the same instruction line, the first
one corresponds to a LOAD or LOAD NOT instruction; and the rest of the condi-
tions, to AND or AND NOT instructions. The following example shows three
conditions which correspond in order from the left to a LOAD, an AND NOT, and
an AND instruction. Again, each of these instructions requires one line of mne-
monic code.

00000 00100 LR 0000

Instruction

Address Instruction Operands

00000 LD 00000
00001 AND NOT 00100
00002 AND LR 0000
00003 Instruction

The instruction would have an ON execution condition only when all three condi-
tions are ON, i.e., when IR 00000 was ON, IR 00100 was OFF, and LR 0000 was
ON.

AND instructions in series can be considered individually, with each taking the
logical AND of the execution condition (i.e., the total of all conditions up to that
point) and the status of the AND instruction’s operand bit. If both of these are ON,
an ON execution condition will be produced for the next instruction. If either is
OFF, the result will also be OFF. The execution condition for the first AND
instruction in a series is the first condition on the instruction line.

Each AND NOT instruction in a series would take the logical AND between its
execution condition and the inverse of its operand bit.

156
Basic Ladder Diagrams Section 4-3

OR and OR NOT When two or more conditions lie on separate instruction lines running in parallel
and then joining together, the first condition corresponds to a LOAD or LOAD
NOT instruction; the rest of the conditions correspond to OR or OR NOT instruc-
tions. The following example shows three conditions which correspond in order
from the top to a LOAD NOT, an OR NOT, and an OR instruction. Again, each of
these instructions requires one line of mnemonic code.

00000
Instruction

00100

LR 0000

Address Instruction Operands

00000 LD NOT 00000
00001 OR NOT 00100
00002 OR LR 0000
00003 Instruction

The instruction would have an ON execution condition when any one of the three
conditions was ON, i.e., when IR 00000 was OFF, when IR 00100 was OFF, or
when LR 0000 was ON.
OR and OR NOT instructions can be considered individually, each taking the
logical OR between its execution condition and the status of the OR instruction’s
operand bit. If either one of these were ON, an ON execution condition would be
produced for the next instruction.

Combining AND and OR When AND and OR instructions are combined in more complicated diagrams,
Instructions they can sometimes be considered individually, with each instruction performing
a logic operation on the execution condition and the status of the operand bit.
The following is one example. Study this example until you are convinced that
the mnemonic code follows the same logic flow as the ladder diagram.

00000 00001 00002 00003

Instruction

00200

Address Instruction Operands

00000 LD 00000
00001 AND 00001
00002 OR 00200
00003 AND 00002
00004 AND NOT 00003
00005 Instruction

Here, an AND is taken between the status of IR 00000 and that of IR 00001 to
determine the execution condition for an OR with the status of IR 00200. The
result of this operation determines the execution condition for an AND with the
status of IR 00002, which in turn determines the execution condition for an AND
with the inverse (i.e., and AND NOT) of the status of IR 00003.

157
Basic Ladder Diagrams Section 4-3

In more complicated diagrams, however, it is necessary to consider logic blocks

before an execution condition can be determined for the final instruction, and
that’s where AND LOAD and OR LOAD instructions are used. Before we consid-
er more complicated diagrams, however, we’ll look at the instructions required to
complete a simple “input-output” program.

4-3-4 OUTPUT and OUTPUT NOT

The simplest way to output the results of combining execution conditions is to
output it directly with the OUTPUT and OUTPUT NOT. These instructions are
used to control the status of the designated operand bit according to the execu-
tion condition. With the OUTPUT instruction, the operand bit will be turned ON
as long as the execution condition is ON and will be turned OFF as long as the
execution condition is OFF. With the OUTPUT NOT instruction, the operand bit
will be turned ON as long as the execution condition is OFF and turned OFF as
long as the execution condition is ON. These appear as shown below. In mne-
monic code, each of these instructions requires one line.

00000 Address Instruction Operands

10000
00000 LD 00000
00001 OUT 10000
00001
10001 Address Instruction Operands
00000 LD 00001
00001 OUT NOT 10001

In the above examples, IR 10000 will be ON as long as IR 00000 is ON and IR

10001 will be OFF as long as IR 00001 is ON. Here, IR 00000 and IR 00001
would be input bits and IR 10000 and IR 10001 output bits assigned to the Units
controlled by the PC, i.e., the signals coming in through the input points assigned
IR 00000 and IR 00001 are controlling the output points assigned IR 10000 and
IR 10001, respectively.
The length of time that a bit is ON or OFF can be controlled by combining the
OUTPUT or OUTPUT NOT instruction with Timer instructions. Refer to Exam-
ples under 5-15-1 Timer – TIM for details.

158
Basic Ladder Diagrams Section 4-3

4-3-5 The END Instruction

The last instruction required to complete a simple program is the END instruc-
tion. When the CPU Unit scans the program, it executes all instructions up to the
first END instruction before returning to the beginning of the program and begin-
ning execution again. Although an END instruction can be placed at any point in
a program, which is sometimes done when debugging, no instructions past the
first END instruction will be executed until it is removed. The number following
the END instruction in the mnemonic code is its function code, which is used
when inputted most instruction into the PC. These are described later. The END
instruction requires no operands and no conditions can be placed on the same
instruction line with it.

00000 00001
Instruction

END(01)
Program execution
ends here.

Address Instruction Operands

00500 LD 00000
00501 AND NOT 00001
00502 Instruction
00503 END(01) ---

If there is no END instruction anywhere in the program, the program will not be
executed at all.
Now you have all of the instructions required to write simple input-output pro-
grams. Before we finish with ladder diagram basic and go onto inputting the pro-
gram into the PC, let’s look at logic block instruction (AND LOAD and OR LOAD),
which are sometimes necessary even with simple diagrams.

4-3-6 Logic Block Instructions

Logic block instructions do not correspond to specific conditions on the ladder
diagram; rather, they describe relationships between logic blocks. The AND
LOAD instruction logically ANDs the execution conditions produced by two logic
blocks. The OR LOAD instruction logically ORs the execution conditions pro-
duced by two logic blocks.

AND LOAD Although simple in appearance, the diagram below requires an AND LOAD
instruction.

00000 00002
Instruction

00001 00003

Address Instruction Operands

00000 LD 00000
00001 OR 00001
00002 LD 00002
00003 OR NOT 00003
00004 AND LD ---

159
Basic Ladder Diagrams Section 4-3

The two logic blocks are indicated by dotted lines. Studying this example shows
that an ON execution condition will be produced when: either of the conditions in
the left logic block is ON (i.e., when either IR 00000 or IR 00001 is ON), and
when either of the conditions in the right logic block is ON (i.e., when either IR
00002 is ON or IR 00003 is OFF).
The above ladder diagram cannot, however, be converted to mnemonic code
using AND and OR instructions alone. If an AND between IR 00002 and the re-
sults of an OR between IR 00000 and IR 00001 is attempted, the OR NOT be-
tween IR 00002 and IR 00003 is lost and the OR NOT ends up being an OR NOT
between just IR 00003 and the result of an AND between IR 00002 and the first
OR. What we need is a way to do the OR (NOT)’s independently and then com-
bine the results.
To do this, we can use the LOAD or LOAD NOT instruction in the middle of an
instruction line. When LOAD or LOAD NOT is executed in this way, the current
execution condition is saved in special buffers and the logic process is begun
over. To combine the results of the current execution condition with that of a pre-
vious “unused” execution condition, an AND LOAD or an OR LOAD instruction is
used. Here “LOAD” refers to loading the last unused execution condition. An un-
used execution condition is produced by using the LOAD or LOAD NOT instruc-
tion for any but the first condition on an instruction line.
Analyzing the above ladder diagram in terms of mnemonic instructions, the
condition for IR 00000 is a LOAD instruction and the condition below it is an OR
instruction between the status of IR 00000 and that of IR 00001. The condition at
IR 00002 is another LOAD instruction and the condition below is an OR NOT
instruction, i.e., an OR between the status of IR 00002 and the inverse of the
status of IR 00003. To arrive at the execution condition for the instruction at the
right, the logical AND of the execution conditions resulting from these two blocks
would have to be taken. AND LOAD does this. The mnemonic code for the lad-
der diagram is shown below. The AND LOAD instruction requires no operands of
its own, because it operates on previously determined execution conditions.
Here too, dashes are used to indicate that no operands needs designated or in-
put.

OR LOAD The following diagram requires an OR LOAD instruction between the top logic
block and the bottom logic block. An ON execution condition would be produced
for the instruction at the right either when IR 00000 is ON and IR 00001 is OFF or
when IR 00002 and IR 00003 are both ON. The operation of and mnemonic code
for the OR LOAD instruction is exactly the same as those for a AND LOAD
instruction except that the current execution condition is ORed with the last un-
used execution condition.

00000 00001
Instruction

00002 00003

Address Instruction Operands

00000 LD 00000
00001 AND NOT 00001
00002 LD 00002
00003 AND 00003
00004 OR LD ---

Naturally, some diagrams will require both AND LOAD and OR LOAD instruc-
tions.

160
Basic Ladder Diagrams Section 4-3

Logic Block Instructions in To code diagrams with logic block instructions in series, the diagram must be
Series divided into logic blocks. Each block is coded using a LOAD instruction to code
the first condition, and then AND LOAD or OR LOAD is used to logically combine
the blocks. With both AND LOAD and OR LOAD there are two ways to achieve
this. One is to code the logic block instruction after the first two blocks and then
after each additional block. The other is to code all of the blocks to be combined,
starting each block with LOAD or LOAD NOT, and then to code the logic block
instructions which combine them. In this case, the instructions for the last pair of
blocks should be combined first, and then each preceding block should be com-
bined, working progressively back to the first block. Although either of these
methods will produce exactly the same result, the second method, that of coding
all logic block instructions together, can be used only if eight or fewer blocks are
being combined, i.e., if seven or fewer logic block instructions are required.

The following diagram requires AND LOAD to be converted to mnemonic code

because three pairs of parallel conditions lie in series. The two means of coding
the programs are also shown.

00000 00002 00004

10000

00001 00003 00005

Address Instruction Operands Address Instruction Operands

00000 LD 00000 00000 LD 00000
00001 OR NOT 00001 00001 OR NOT 00001
00002 LD NOT 00002 00002 LD NOT 00002
00003 OR 00003 00003 OR 00003
00004 AND LD — 00004 LD 00004
00005 LD 00004 00005 OR 00005
00006 OR 00005 00006 AND LD —
00007 AND LD — 00007 AND LD —
00008 OUT 10000 00008 OUT 10000

Again, with the method on the right, a maximum of eight blocks can be com-
bined. There is no limit to the number of blocks that can be combined with the
first method.

The following diagram requires OR LOAD instructions to be converted to mne-

monic code because three pairs of conditions in series lie in parallel to each oth-
er.

00000 00001
10001

00002 00003

00004 00005

161
Basic Ladder Diagrams Section 4-3

The first of each pair of conditions is converted to LOAD with the assigned bit
operand and then ANDed with the other condition. The first two blocks can be
coded first, followed by OR LOAD, the last block, and another OR LOAD, or the
three blocks can be coded first followed by two OR LOADs. The mnemonic code
for both methods is shown below.

Address Instruction Operands Address Instruction Operands

00000 LD 00000 00000 LD 00000
00001 AND NOT 00001 00001 AND NOT 00001
00002 LD NOT 00002 00002 LD NOT 00002
00003 AND NOT 00003 00003 AND NOT 00003
00004 OR LD — 00004 LD 00004
00005 LD 00004 00005 AND 00005
00006 AND 00005 00006 OR LD —
00007 OR LD — 00007 OR LD —
00008 OUT 10001 00008 OUT 10001

Again, with the method on the right, a maximum of eight blocks can be com-
bined. There is no limit to the number of blocks that can be combined with the
first method.

Combining AND LOAD and Both of the coding methods described above can also be used when using AND
OR LOAD LOAD and OR LOAD, as long as the number of blocks being combined does not
exceed eight.

The following diagram contains only two logic blocks as shown. It is not neces-
sary to further separate block b components, because it can coded directly using
only AND and OR.

00000 00001 00002 00003

10001

00201

00004

Block Block
a b

Address Instruction Operands

00000 LD 00000
00001 AND NOT 00001
00002 LD 00002
00003 AND 00003
00004 OR 00201
00005 OR 00004
00006 AND LD —
00007 OUT 10001

Although the following diagram is similar to the one above, block b in the diagram
below cannot be coded without separating it into two blocks combined with OR
LOAD. In this example, the three blocks have been coded first and then OR
LOAD has been used to combine the last two blocks followed by AND LOAD to
combine the execution condition produced by the OR LOAD with the execution
condition of block a.

162
Basic Ladder Diagrams Section 4-3

When coding the logic block instructions together at the end of the logic blocks
they are combining, they must, as shown below, be coded in reverse order, i.e.,
the logic block instruction for the last two blocks is coded first, followed by the
one to combine the execution condition resulting from the first logic block
instruction and the execution condition of the logic block third from the end, and
on back to the first logic block that is being combined.

Block
b1

00000 00001 00002 00003

10002

00004 00202

Block
b2

Block Block
a b

Address Instruction Operands

00000 LD NOT 00000
00001 AND 00001
00002 LD 00002
00003 AND NOT 00003
00004 LD NOT 00004
00005 AND 00202
00006 OR LD —
00007 AND LD —
00008 OUT 10002

Complicated Diagrams When determining what logic block instructions will be required to code a dia-
gram, it is sometimes necessary to break the diagram into large blocks and then
continue breaking the large blocks down until logic blocks that can be coded
without logic block instructions have been formed. These blocks are then coded,
combining the small blocks first, and then combining the larger blocks. Either
AND LOAD or OR LOAD is used to combine the blocks, i.e., AND LOAD or OR
LOAD always combines the last two execution conditions that existed, regard-
less of whether the execution conditions resulted from a single condition, from
logic blocks, or from previous logic block instructions.
When working with complicated diagrams, blocks will ultimately be coded start-
ing at the top left and moving down before moving across. This will generally
mean that, when there might be a choice, OR LOAD will be coded before AND
LOAD.

163
Basic Ladder Diagrams Section 4-3

The following diagram must be broken down into two blocks and each of these
then broken into two blocks before it can be coded. As shown below, blocks a
and b require an AND LOAD. Before AND LOAD can be used, however, OR
LOAD must be used to combine the top and bottom blocks on both sides, i.e., to
combine a1 and a2; b1 and b2.

Block Block
a1 b1

00000 00001 00004 00005

10003

00002 00003 00006 00007

Block Block
a2 b2

Block Block
a b

Address Instruction Operands

00000 LD 00000
00001 AND NOT 00001
00002 LD NOT 00002
00003 AND 00003
00004 OR LD — Blocks a1 and a2
00005 LD 00004
00006 AND 00005
00007 LD 00006
00008 AND 00007
00009 OR LD — Blocks b1 and b2
00010 AND LD — Blocks a and b
00011 OUT 10003

The following type of diagram can be coded easily if each block is coded in order:
first top to bottom and then left to right. In the following diagram, blocks a and b
would be combined using AND LOAD as shown above, and then block c would
be coded and a second AND LOAD would be used to combined it with the execu-
tion condition from the first AND LOAD. Then block d would be coded, a third
AND LOAD would be used to combine the execution condition from block d with
the execution condition from the second AND LOAD, and so on through to block
n.

10000

Block Block Block Block

a b c n

164
Basic Ladder Diagrams Section 4-3

The following diagram requires an OR LOAD followed by an AND LOAD to code

the top of the three blocks, and then two more OR LOADs to complete the mne-
monic code.

00000 00001 Address Instruction Operands

LR 0000
00000 LD 00000
00002 00003
00001 LD 00001
00002 LD 00002
00004 00005
00003 AND NOT 00003
00006 00007
00004 OR LD --
00005 AND LD --
00006 LD NOT 00004
00007 AND 00005
00008 OR LD --
00009 LD NOT 00006
00010 AND 00007
00011 OR LD --
00012 OUT LR 0000

Although the program will execute as written, this diagram could be drawn as
shown below to eliminate the need for the first OR LOAD and the AND LOAD,
simplifying the program and saving memory space.

00002 00003 00000

Address Instruction Operands
LR 0000 00000 LD 00002
00001 00001 AND NOT 00003
00002 OR 00001
00004 00005 00003 AND 00000
00004 LD NOT 00004
00006 00007 00005 AND 00005
00006 OR LD --
00007 LD NOT 00006
00008 AND 00007
00009 OR LD --
00010 OUT LR 0000

The following diagram requires five blocks, which here are coded in order before
using OR LOAD and AND LOAD to combine them starting from the last two
blocks and working backward. The OR LOAD at program address 00008 com-
bines blocks blocks d and e, the following AND LOAD combines the resulting
execution condition with that of block c, etc.

00000 00001 00002 Address Instruction Operands

LR 0000
00000 LD 00000
Block b 00001 LD 00001
Block a 00002 AND 00002
00003 LD 00003
Block c Block d
00004 AND 00004
00003 00004 00005
00005 LD 00005
00006 LD 00006
00007 AND 00007
00006 00007
00008 OR LD --
Blocks d and e 00009 AND LD --
Block e Block c with result of above 00010 OR LD --
Block b with result of above 00011 AND LD --
Block a with result of above 00012 OUT LR 0000

165
Basic Ladder Diagrams Section 4-3

Again, this diagram can be redrawn as follows to simplify program structure and
coding and to save memory space.

00006 00007 00003 00004 00000

LR 0000

00005

00001 00002

Address Instruction Operands

00000 LD 00006
00001 AND 00007
00002 OR 00005
00003 AND 00003
00004 AND 00004
00005 LD 00001
00006 AND 00002
00007 OR LD --
00008 AND 00000
00009 OUT LR 0000

The next and final example may at first appear very complicated but can be
coded using only two logic block instructions. The diagram appears as follows:

Block a

00000 00001 00002 00003 00004 00005

10000

01000 01001 00006

10000

Block b Block c

166
Basic Ladder Diagrams Section 4-3

The first logic block instruction is used to combine the execution conditions re-
sulting from blocks a and b, and the second one is to combine the execution
condition of block c with the execution condition resulting from the normally
closed condition assigned IR 00003. The rest of the diagram can be coded with
OR, AND, and AND NOT instructions. The logical flow for this and the resulting
code are shown below.

Block a Block b

00000 00001 01000 01001

LD 00000 LD 01000
AND 00001 AND 01001

OR LD

Block c

10000 00004 00005

OR 10000 LD 00004
AND 00005

00002 00003 00006

AND 00002 OR 00006

AND NOT 00003

AND LD

10000

Address Instruction Operands

00000 LD 00000
00001 AND 00001
00002 LD 01000
00003 AND 01001
00004 OR LD --
00005 OR 10000
00006 AND 00002
00007 AND NOT 00003
00008 LD 00004
00009 AND 00005
00010 OR 00006
00011 AND LD --
00012 OUT 10000

167
Basic Ladder Diagrams Section 4-3

4-3-7 Coding Multiple Right-hand Instructions

If there is more than one right-hand instruction executed with the same execu-
tion condition, they are coded consecutively following the last condition on the
instruction line. In the following example, the last instruction line contains one
more condition that corresponds to an AND with IR 00004.
00000 00003
HR 0001
Address Instruction Operands
00000 LD 00000
00001 00001 OR 00001
10000
00002 OR 00002
00003 OR HR 0000
00002 00004
10006 00004 AND 00003
00005 OUT HR 0001
HR 0000 00006 OUT 10000
00007 AND 00004
00008 OUT 10006

4-3-8 Branching Instruction Lines

When an instruction line branches into two or more lines, it is sometimes neces-
sary to use either interlocks or TR bits to maintain the execution condition that
existed at a branching point. This is because instruction lines are executed
across to a right-hand instruction before returning to the branching point to
execute instructions one a branch line. If a condition exists on any of the instruc-
tion lines after the branching point, the execution condition could change during
this time making proper execution impossible. The following diagrams illustrate
this. In both diagrams, instruction 1 is executed before returning to the branching
point and moving on to the branch line leading to instruction 2.
Branching
00000 point Address Instruction Operands
Instruction 1
00000 LD 00000
00002 00001 Instruction 1
Instruction 2
00002 AND 00002
00003 Instruction 2
Diagram A: Correct Operation

Branching
00000 point 00001
Instruction 1 Address Instruction Operands
00002 00000 LD 00000
Instruction 2
00001 AND 00001
Diagram B: Incorrect Operation 00002 Instruction 1
00003 AND 00002
00004 Instruction 2

If, as shown in diagram A, the execution condition that existed at the branching
point cannot be changed before returning to the branch line (instructions at the
far right do not change the execution condition), then the branch line will be
executed correctly and no special programming measure is required.
If, as shown in diagram B, a condition exists between the branching point and the
last instruction on the top instruction line, the execution condition at the branch-
ing point and the execution condition after completing the top instruction line will
sometimes be different, making it impossible to ensure correct execution of the
branch line.
There are two means of programming branching programs to preserve the
execution condition. One is to use TR bits; the other, to use interlocks
(IL(02)/IL(03)).

168
Basic Ladder Diagrams Section 4-3

TR Bits The TR area provides eight bits, TR 0 through TR 7, that can be used to tempo-
rarily preserve execution conditions. If a TR bit is placed at a branching point, the
current execution condition will be stored at the designated TR bit. When return-
ing to the branching point, the TR bit restores the execution status that was
saved when the branching point was first reached in program execution.

The previous diagram B can be written as shown below to ensure correct execu-
tion. In mnemonic code, the execution condition is stored at the branching point
using the TR bit as the operand of the OUTPUT instruction. This execution
condition is then restored after executing the right-hand instruction by using the
same TR bit as the operand of a LOAD instruction

TR 0 Address Instruction Operands

00000 00001
Instruction 1 00000 LD 00000
00002 00001 OUT TR 0
Instruction 2 00002 AND 00001
00003 Instruction 1
Diagram B: Corrected Using a TR bit
00004 LD TR 0
00005 AND 00002
00006 Instruction 2

In terms of actual instructions the above diagram would be as follows: The status
of IR 00000 is loaded (a LOAD instruction) to establish the initial execution
condition. This execution condition is then output using an OUTPUT instruction
to TR 0 to store the execution condition at the branching point. The execution
condition is then ANDed with the status of IR 00001 and instruction 1 is executed
accordingly. The execution condition that was stored at the branching point is
then re-loaded (a LOAD instruction with TR 0 as the operand), this is ANDed with
the status of IR 00002, and instruction 2 is executed accordingly.

The following example shows an application using two TR bits.

TR 0 TR 1 Address Instruction Operands

00000 00001 00002
Instruction 1
00000 LD 00000
00001 OUT TR 0
00003
Instruction 2 00002 AND 00001
00003 OUT TR 1
00004
Instruction 3 00004 AND 00002
00005
00005 Instruction 1
Instruction 4 00006 LD TR 1
00007 AND 00003
00008 Instruction 2
00009 LD TR 0
00010 AND 00004
00011 Instruction 3
00012 LD TR 0
00013 AND NOT 00005
00014 Instruction 4

In this example, TR 0 and TR 1 are used to store the execution conditions at the
branching points. After executing instruction 1, the execution condition stored in
TR 1 is loaded for an AND with the status IR 00003. The execution condition
stored in TR 0 is loaded twice, the first time for an AND with the status of IR
00004 and the second time for an AND with the inverse of the status of IR 00005.

169
Basic Ladder Diagrams Section 4-3

TR bits can be used as many times as required as long as the same TR bit is not
used more than once in the same instruction block. Here, a new instruction block
is begun each time execution returns to the bus bar. If, in a single instruction
block, it is necessary to have more than eight branching points that require the
execution condition be saved, interlocks (which are described next) must be
used.

When drawing a ladder diagram, be careful not to use TR bits unless necessary.
Often the number of instructions required for a program can be reduced and
ease of understanding a program increased by redrawing a diagram that would
otherwise required TR bits. In both of the following pairs of diagrams, the bottom
versions require fewer instructions and do not require TR bits. In the first exam-
ple, this is achieved by reorganizing the parts of the instruction block: the bottom
one, by separating the second OUTPUT instruction and using another LOAD
instruction to create the proper execution condition for it.

Note Although simplifying programs is always a concern, the order of execution of

instructions is sometimes important. For example, a MOVE instruction may be
required before the execution of a BINARY ADD instruction to place the proper
data in the required operand word. Be sure that you have considered execution
order before reorganizing a program to simplify it.

TR 0 00000 00003
00000 00001
Instruction 1
Instruction 1

Instruction 2 TR 0
00001 00002

00004
Instruction 2
00000
Instruction 2

00001
Instruction 1

00001 00002 00003

Instruction 1

00000

00001 00004
Instruction 2

Note TR bits are must be input by the user only when programming using mnemonic
code. They are not necessary when inputting ladder diagrams directly because
they are processed for you automatically. The above limitations on the number
of branching points requiring TR bits, and considerations on methods to reduce
the number of programming instructions, still hold.

Interlocks The problem of storing execution conditions at branching points can also be
handled by using the INTERLOCK (IL(02)) and INTERLOCK CLEAR (ILC(03))
instructions to eliminate the branching point completely while allowing a specific
execution condition to control a group of instructions. The INTERLOCK and IN-
TERLOCK CLEAR instructions are always used together.

170
Basic Ladder Diagrams Section 4-3

When an INTERLOCK instruction is placed before a section of a ladder pro-

gram, the execution condition for the INTERLOCK instruction will control the
execution of all instruction up to the next INTERLOCK CLEAR instruction. If the
execution condition for the INTERLOCK instruction is OFF, all right-hand
instructions through the next INTERLOCK CLEAR instruction will be executed
with OFF execution conditions to reset the entire section of the ladder diagram.
The effect that this has on particular instructions is described in 5-11 INTER-
LOCK and INTERLOCK CLEAR – IL(02) and ILC(03).

Diagram B can also be corrected with an interlock. Here, the conditions leading
up to the branching point are placed on an instruction line for the INTERLOCK
instruction, all of lines leading from the branching point are written as separate
instruction lines, and another instruction line is added for the INTERLOCK
CLEAR instruction. No conditions are allowed on the instruction line for INTER-
LOCK CLEAR. Note that neither INTERLOCK nor INTERLOCK CLEAR re-
quires an operand.

00000
IL(02) Address Instruction Operands
00001 00000 LD 00000
Instruction 1 00001 IL(02) ---
00002 00002 LD 00001
Instruction 2 00003 Instruction 1
00004 LD 00002
ILC(03) 00005 Instruction 2
00006 ILC(03) ---

If IR 00000 is ON in the revised version of diagram B, above, the status of IR

00001 and that of IR 00002 would determine the execution conditions for
instructions 1 and 2, respectively. Because IR 00000 is ON, this would produce
the same results as ANDing the status of each of these bits. If IR 00000 is OFF,
the INTERLOCK instruction would produce an OFF execution condition for
instructions 1 and 2 and then execution would continue with the instruction line
following the INTERLOCK CLEAR instruction.

As shown in the following diagram, more than one INTERLOCK instruction can
be used within one instruction block; each is effective through the next INTER-
LOCK CLEAR instruction.

00000
IL(02)
Address Instruction Operands
00001 00000 LD 00000
Instruction 1 00001 IL(02) ---
00002 LD 00001
00002
IL(02) 00003 Instruction 1
00004 LD 00002
00003 00004
00005 IL(02) ---
Instruction 2
00006 LD 00003
00005
Instruction 3
00007 AND NOT 00004
00008 Instruction 2
00006
Instruction 4 00009 LD 00005
00010 Instruction 3
00011 LD 00006
ILC(03)
00012 Instruction 4
00013 ILC(03) ---

171
Basic Ladder Diagrams Section 4-3

If IR 00000 in the above diagram is OFF (i.e., if the execution condition for the
first INTERLOCK instruction is OFF), instructions 1 through 4 would be
executed with OFF execution conditions and execution would move to the
instruction following the INTERLOCK CLEAR instruction. If IR 00000 is ON, the
status of IR 00001 would be loaded as the execution condition for instruction 1
and then the status of IR 00002 would be loaded to form the execution condition
for the second INTERLOCK instruction. If IR 00002 is OFF, instructions 2
through 4 will be executed with OFF execution conditions. If IR 00002 is ON, IR
00003, IR 00005, and IR 00006 will determine the first execution condition in
new instruction lines.

4-3-9 Jumps
A specific section of a program can be skipped according to a designated execu-
tion condition. Although this is similar to what happens when the execution
condition for an INTERLOCK instruction is OFF, with jumps, the operands for all
instructions maintain status. Jumps can therefore be used to control devices
that require a sustained output, e.g., pneumatics and hydraulics, whereas inter-
locks can be used to control devices that do not required a sustained output,
e.g., electronic instruments.

Jumps are created using the JUMP (JMP(04)) and JUMP END (JME(05))
instructions. If the execution condition for a JUMP instruction is ON, the program
is executed normally as if the jump did not exist. If the execution condition for the
JUMP instruction is OFF, program execution moves immediately to a JUMP
END instruction without changing the status of anything between the JUMP and
JUMP END instruction.

All JUMP and JUMP END instructions are assigned jump numbers ranging be-
tween 00 and 99. There are two types of jumps. The jump number used deter-
mines the type of jump.

A jump can be defined using jump numbers 01 through 99 only once, i.e., each of
these numbers can be used once in a JUMP instruction and once in a JUMP
END instruction. When a JUMP instruction assigned one of these numbers is
executed, execution moves immediately to the JUMP END instruction that has
the same number as if all of the instruction between them did not exist. Diagram
B from the TR bit and interlock example could be redrawn as shown below using
a jump. Although 01 has been used as the jump number, any number between
01 and 99 could be used as long as it has not already been used in a different part
of the program. JUMP and JUMP END require no other operand and JUMP END
never has conditions on the instruction line leading to it.

00000
JMP(04) 01 Address Instruction Operands
00001 00000 LD 00000
Instruction 1
00001 JMP(04) 01
00002 00002 LD 00001
Instruction 2
00003 Instruction 1
00004 LD 00002
JME(05) 01
00005 Instruction 2
00006 JME(05) 01
Diagram B: Corrected with a Jump

This version of diagram B would have a shorter execution time when IR 00000
was OFF than any of the other versions.

172
Controlling Bit Status Section 4-4

The other type of jump is created with a jump number of 00. As many jumps as
desired can be created using jump number 00 and JUMP instructions using 00
can be used consecutively without a JUMP END using 00 between them. It is
even possible for all JUMP 00 instructions to move program execution to the
same JUMP END 00, i.e., only one JUMP END 00 instruction is required for all
JUMP 00 instruction in the program. When 00 is used as the jump number for a
JUMP instruction, program execution moves to the instruction following the next
JUMP END instruction with a jump number of 00. Although, as in all jumps, no
status is changed and no instructions are executed between the JUMP 00 and
JUMP END 00 instructions, the program must search for the next JUMP END 00
instruction, producing a slightly longer execution time.
Execution of programs containing multiple JUMP 00 instructions for one JUMP
END 00 instruction is similar to that of interlocked sections. The following dia-
gram is the same as that used for the interlock example above, except redrawn
with jumps. The execution of this diagram would differ from that of the diagram
described above (e.g., in the previous diagram interlocks would reset certain
parts of the interlocked section, however, jumps do not affect the status of any bit
between the JUMP and JUMP END instructions).

00000
JMP(04) 00 Address Instruction Operands
00000 LD 00000
00001
Instruction 1 00001 JMP(04) 00
00002 LD 00001
00002 00003 Instruction 1
JMP(04) 00
00004 LD 00002
00003 00004 00005 JMP(04) 00
Instruction 2 00006 LD 00003
00005 00007 AND NOT 00004
Instruction 3 00008 Instruction 2
00006 00009 LD 00005
Instruction 4
00010 Instruction 3
00011 LD 00006
JME(05) 00 00012 Instruction 4
00013 JME(05) 00

4-4 Controlling Bit Status

There are seven basic instructions that can be used generally to control individu-
al bit status. These are the OUTPUT, OUTPUT NOT, SET, RESET, DIFFER-
ENTIATE UP, DIFFERENTIATE DOWN, and KEEP instructions. All of these
instructions appear as the last instruction in an instruction line and take a bit ad-
dress for an operand. Although details are provided in 5-8 Bit Control Instruc-
tions, these instructions (except for OUTPUT and OUTPUT NOT, which have
already been introduced) are described here because of their importance in
most programs. Although these instructions are used to turn ON and OFF output
bits in the IR area (i.e., to send or stop output signals to external devices), they
are also used to control the status of other bits in the IR area or in other data
areas.

4-4-1 SET and RESET

The SET and RESET instructions are very similar to the OUTPUT and OUTPUT
NOT instructions except that they only change the status of their operand bits for
ON execution conditions. Neither instructions will affect the status of its operand
bit when the execution condition is OFF.

173
Controlling Bit Status Section 4-4

SET will turn ON the operand bit when the execution condition goes ON, but un-
like the OUTPUT instruction, SET will not turn OFF the operand bit when the
execution condition goes OFF. RESET will turn OFF the operand bit when the
execution condition goes OFF, but unlike OUTPUT NOT, RESET will not turn ON
the operand bit when the execution condition goes OFF.

In the following example, IR 10000 will be turned ON when IR 00100 goes ON

and will remain ON until IR 00101 goes ON, regardless of the status of IR 00100.
When IR 00101 goes ON, RESET will turn IR 10000 OFF.

00100 Address Instruction Operands

SET 10000
00000 LD 00100
00001 SET 10000
00101 00002 LD 00101
RSET 10000 00003 RSET 10000

4-4-2 DIFFERENTIATE UP and DIFFERENTIATE DOWN

DIFFERENTIATE UP and DIFFERENTIATE DOWN instructions are used to
turn the operand bit ON for one cycle at a time. The DIFFERENTIATE UP
instruction turns ON the operand bit for one cycle after the execution condition
for it goes from OFF to ON; the DIFFERENTIATE DOWN instruction turns ON
the operand bit for one cycle after the execution condition for it goes from ON to
OFF. Both of these instructions require only one line of mnemonic code.

00000 Address Instruction Operands

DIFU(13) 01000
00000 LD 00000
00001 DIFU(13) 01000
00001
DIFD(14) 01001 Address Instruction Operands
00000 LD 00001
00001 DIFD(14) 01001

Here, IR 01000 will be turned ON for one cycle after IR 00000 goes ON. The next
time DIFU(13) 01000 is executed, IR 01000 will be turned OFF, regardless of the
status of IR 00000. With the DIFFERENTIATE DOWN instruction, IR 01001 will
be turned ON for one cycle after IR 00001 goes OFF (IR 01001 will be kept OFF
until then), and will be turned OFF the next time DIFD(14) 01001 is executed.

4-4-3 KEEP
The KEEP instruction is used to maintain the status of the operand bit based on
two execution conditions. To do this, the KEEP instruction is connected to two
instruction lines. When the execution condition at the end of the first instruction
line is ON, the operand bit of the KEEP instruction is turned ON. When the
execution condition at the end of the second instruction line is ON, the operand
bit of the KEEP instruction is turned OFF. The operand bit for the KEEP instruc-
tion will maintain its ON or OFF status even if it is located in an interlocked sec-
tion of the diagram.

174
Work Bits (Internal Relays) Section 4-5

In the following example, HR 0000 will be turned ON when IR 00002 is ON and IR

00003 is OFF. HR 0000 will then remain ON until either IR 00004 or IR 00005
turns ON. With KEEP, as with all instructions requiring more than one instruction
line, the instruction lines are coded first before the instruction that they control.

00002 00003 Address Instruction Operands

S: set input 00000 LD 00002
KEEP(11)
00001 AND NOT 00003
HR 0000 00002 LD 00004
00004
00003 OR 00005
R: reset input
00005 00004 KEEP(11) HR 0000

4-4-4 Self-maintaining Bits (Seal)

Although the KEEP instruction can be used to create self-maintaining bits, it is
sometimes necessary to create self-maintaining bits in another way so that they
can be turned OFF when in an interlocked section of a program.
To create a self-maintaining bit, the operand bit of an OUTPUT instruction is
used as a condition for the same OUTPUT instruction in an OR setup so that the
operand bit of the OUTPUT instruction will remain ON or OFF until changes oc-
cur in other bits. At least one other condition is used just before the OUTPUT
instruction to function as a reset. Without this reset, there would be no way to
control the operand bit of the OUTPUT instruction.
The above diagram for the KEEP instruction can be rewritten as shown below.
The only difference in these diagrams would be their operation in an interlocked
program section when the execution condition for the INTERLOCK instruction
was ON. Here, just as in the same diagram using the KEEP instruction, two reset
bits are used, i.e., HR 0000 can be turned OFF by turning ON either IR 00004 or
IR 00005.

00002 00003 00004 Address Instruction Operands

HR 0000
00000 LD 00002
00005
00001 AND NOT 00003
HR 0000 00002 OR HR 0000
00003 AND NOT 00004
00004 OR NOT 00005
00005 OUT HR 0000

4-5 Work Bits (Internal Relays)

In programming, combining conditions to directly produce execution conditions
is often extremely difficult. These difficulties are easily overcome, however, by
using certain bits to trigger other instructions indirectly. Such programming is
achieved by using work bits. Sometimes entire words are required for these pur-
poses. These words are referred to as work words.
Work bits are not transferred to or from the PC. They are bits selected by the
programmer to facilitate programming as described above. I/O bits and other
dedicated bits cannot be used as works bits. All bits in the IR area that are not
allocated as I/O bits, and certain unused bits in the AR area, are available for use
as work bits. Be careful to keep an accurate record of how and where you use
work bits. This helps in program planning and writing, and also aids in debugging
operations.

175
Work Bits (Internal Relays) Section 4-5

Work Bit Applications Examples given later in this subsection show two of the most common ways to
employ work bits. These should act as a guide to the almost limitless number of
ways in which the work bits can be used. Whenever difficulties arise in program-
ming a control action, consideration should be given to work bits and how they
might be used to simplify programming.

Work bits are often used with the OUTPUT, OUTPUT NOT, DIFFERENTIATE
UP, DIFFERENTIATE DOWN, and KEEP instructions. The work bit is used first
as the operand for one of these instructions so that later it can be used as a
condition that will determine how other instructions will be executed. Work bits
can also be used with other instructions, e.g., with the SHIFT REGISTER
instruction (SFT(10)). An example of the use of work words and bits with the
SHIFT REGISTER instruction is provided in 5-16-1 SHIFT REGISTER –
SFT(10).

Although they are not always specifically referred to as work bits, many of the
bits used in the examples in Section 5 Instruction Set use work bits. Understand-
ing the use of these bits is essential to effective programming.

Reducing Complex Work bits can be used to simplify programming when a certain combination of
Conditions conditions is repeatedly used in combination with other conditions. In the follow-
ing example, IR 00000, IR 00001, IR 00002, and IR 00003 are combined in a
logic block that stores the resulting execution condition as the status of
IR 21600. IR 21600 is then combined with various other conditions to determine
output conditions for IR 10000, IR 10001, and IR 10002, i.e., to turn the outputs
allocated to these bits ON or OFF.

00000 00001
Address Instruction Operands
21600 00000 LD 00000
00001 AND NOT 00001
00002 00002 OR 00002
00003 OR NOT 00003
00004 OUT 21600
00003 00005 LD 21600
00006 AND 00004
00007 AND NOT 00005
21600 00004 00005
10000
00008 OUT 10000
00009 LD 21600
00010 OR NOT 00004
21600 00005
00011 AND 00005
10001
00012 OUT 10001
00013 LD NOT 21600
00004
00014 OR 00006
00015 OR 00007
21600 00016 OUT 10002
10002

00006

00007

176
Programming Precautions Section 4-6

Differentiated Conditions Work bits can also be used if differential treatment is necessary for some, but not
all, of the conditions required for execution of an instruction. In this example, IR
10000 must be left ON continuously as long as IR 001001 is ON and both IR
00002 and IR 00003 are OFF, or as long as IR 00004 is ON and IR 00005 is OFF.
It must be turned ON for only one cycle each time IR 00000 turns ON (unless one
of the preceding conditions is keeping it ON continuously).
This action is easily programmed by using IR 22500 as a work bit as the operand
of the DIFFERENTIATE UP instruction (DIFU(13)). When IR 00000 turns ON, IR
22500 will be turned ON for one cycle and then be turned OFF the next cycle by
DIFU(13). Assuming the other conditions controlling IR 10000 are not keeping it
ON, the work bit IR 22500 will turn IR 10000 ON for one cycle only.

00000
Address Instruction Operands
DIFU(13) 22500
00000 LD 00000
22500 00001 DIFU(13) 22500
10000
00002 LD 22500
00001 00002 00003 00003 LD 00001
00004 AND NOT 00002
00004 00005 00005 AND NOT 00003
00006 OR LD ---
00007 LD 00004
00008 AND NOT 00005
00009 OR LD ---
00010 OUT 10000

4-6 Programming Precautions

The number of conditions that can be used in series or parallel is unlimited as
long as the memory capacity of the PC is not exceeded. Therefore, use as many
conditions as required to draw a clear diagram. Although very complicated dia-
grams can be drawn with instruction lines, there must not be any conditions on
lines running vertically between two other instruction lines. Diagram A shown
below, for example, is not possible, and should be drawn as diagram B. Mne-
monic code is provided for diagram B only; coding diagram A would be impossi-
ble.

00000 00002
Instruction 1

00004
00001 00003
Instruction 2

Diagram A: Not Programmable

00001 00004 00002 Address Instruction Operands

Instruction 1
00000 LD 00001
00000
00001 AND 00004
00002 OR 00000
00000 00004 00003
Instruction 2
00003 AND 00002
00004 Instruction 1
00001
00005 LD 00000
00006 AND 00004
Diagram B: Correct Version 00007 OR 00001
00008 AND NOT 00003
00009 Instruction 2

177
Programming Precautions Section 4-6

The number of times any particular bit can be assigned to conditions is not lim-
ited, so use them as many times as required to simplify your program. Often,
complicated programs are the result of attempts to reduce the number of times a
bit is used.

Except for instructions for which conditions are not allowed (e.g., INTERLOCK
CLEAR and JUMP END, see below), every instruction line must also have at
least one condition on it to determine the execution condition for the instruction
at the right. Again, diagram A , below, must be drawn as diagram B. If an instruc-
tion must be continuously executed (e.g., if an output must always be kept ON
while the program is being executed), the Always ON Flag (SR 25313) in the SR
area can be used.

Instruction

Diagram A: Not Programmable for Most Instructions

25313
Instruction Address Instruction Operands
00000 LD 25313
Diagram B: Correct Version 00001 Instruction

There are a few exceptions to this rule, including the INTERLOCK CLEAR,
JUMP END, and step instructions. Each of these instructions is used as the se-
cond of a pair of instructions and is controlled by the execution condition of the
first of the pair. Conditions should not be placed on the instruction lines leading to
these instructions. Refer to Section 5 Instruction Set for details.

When drawing ladder diagrams, it is important to keep in mind the number of

instructions that will be required to input it. In diagram A, below, an OR LOAD
instruction will be required to combine the top and bottom instruction lines. This
can be avoided by redrawing as shown in diagram B so that no AND LOAD or OR
LOAD instructions are required. Refer to 5-7-2 AND LOAD and OR LOAD for
more details.

00000 Address Instruction Operands

10007
00000 LD 00000
00001 LD 00001
00001 10007
00002 AND 10007
00003 OR LD ---
00004 OUT 10007
Diagram A

Address Instruction Operands

00001 10007
10007 00000 LD 00001
00001 AND 10007
00000
00002 OR 00000
00003 OUT 10007

Diagram B

178
Program Execution Section 4-7

4-7 Program Execution

When program execution is started, the CPU Unit scans the program from top to
bottom, checking all conditions and executing all instructions accordingly as it
moves down the bus bar. It is important that instructions be placed in the proper
order so that, for example, the desired data is moved to a word before that word
is used as the operand for an instruction. Remember that an instruction line is
completed to the terminal instruction at the right before executing an instruction
lines branching from the first instruction line to other terminal instructions at the
right.
Program execution is only one of the tasks carried out by the CPU Unit as part of
the cycle time. Refer to Section 7 PC Operations and Processing Time for de-
tails.

179
SECTION 5
Instruction Set
The CQM1 and CPM1 have large programming instruction sets that allow for easy programming of complicated control pro-
cesses. This section explains instructions individually and provides the ladder diagram symbol, data areas, and flags used with
each.
The many instructions provided by these PCs are organized in the following subsections by instruction group. These groups
include Ladder Diagram Instructions, instructions with fixed function codes, and set instructions.
Some instructions, such as Timer and Counter instructions, are used to control execution of other instructions, e.g., a TIM
Completion Flag might be used to turn ON a bit when the time period set for the timer has expired. Although these other
instructions are often used to control output bits through the Output instruction, they can be used to control execution of other
instructions as well. The Output instructions used in examples in this manual can therefore generally be replaced by other
instructions to modify the program for specific applications other than controlling output bits directly.
5-1 Notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
5-2 Instruction Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
5-3 Data Areas, Definer Values, and Flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
5-4 Differentiated Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
5-5 Coding Right-hand Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
5-6 Instruction Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
5-6-1 CQM1 Function Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
5-6-2 CPM1/CPM1A Function Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
5-6-3 SRM1 Function Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
5-6-4 Alphabetic List by Mnemonic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
5-7 Ladder Diagram Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
5-7-1 LOAD, LOAD NOT, AND, AND NOT, OR, and OR NOT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
5-7-2 AND LOAD and OR LOAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
5-8 Bit Control Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
5-8-1 OUTPUT and OUTPUT NOT – OUT and OUT NOT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
5-8-2 SET and RESET – SET and RSET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
5-8-3 KEEP – KEEP(11) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
5-8-4 DIFFERENTIATE UP and DOWN – DIFU(13) and DIFD(14) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
5-9 NO OPERATION – NOP(00) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
5-10 END – END(01) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
5-11 INTERLOCK and INTERLOCK CLEAR – IL(02) and ILC(03) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
5-12 JUMP and JUMP END – JMP(04) and JME(05) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
5-13 User Error Instructions:
FAILURE ALARM AND RESET – FAL(06) and
SEVERE FAILURE ALARM – FALS(07) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
5-14 Step Instructions:
STEP DEFINE and STEP START–STEP(08)/SNXT(09) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
5-15 Timer and Counter Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
5-15-1 TIMER – TIM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
5-15-2 COUNTER – CNT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
5-15-3 REVERSIBLE COUNTER – CNTR(12) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
5-15-4 HIGH-SPEED TIMER – TIMH(15) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
5-15-5 INTERVAL TIMER – STIM(69) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
5-15-6 REGISTER COMPARISON TABLE – CTBL(63) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
5-15-7 MODE CONTROL – INI(61) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
5-15-8 HIGH-SPEED COUNTER PV READ – PRV(62) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
5-16 Shift Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
5-16-1 SHIFT REGISTER – SFT(10) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
5-16-2 WORD SHIFT – WSFT(16) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
5-16-3 ARITHMETIC SHIFT LEFT – ASL(25) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
5-16-4 ARITHMETIC SHIFT RIGHT – ASR(26) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
5-16-5 ROTATE LEFT – ROL(27) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
5-16-6 ROTATE RIGHT – ROR(28) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
5-16-7 ONE DIGIT SHIFT LEFT – SLD(74) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
5-16-8 ONE DIGIT SHIFT RIGHT – SRD(75) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
5-16-9 REVERSIBLE SHIFT REGISTER – SFTR(84) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
5-16-10 ASYNCHRONOUS SHIFT REGISTER – ASFT(17) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230

181
Section

5-17 Data Movement Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232

5-17-1 MOVE – MOV(21) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
5-17-2 MOVE NOT – MVN(22) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
5-17-3 BLOCK TRANSFER – XFER(70) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
5-17-4 BLOCK SET – BSET(71) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
5-17-5 DATA EXCHANGE – XCHG(73) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
5-17-6 SINGLE WORD DISTRIBUTE – DIST(80) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
5-17-7 DATA COLLECT – COLL(81) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
5-17-8 MOVE BIT – MOVB(82) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
5-17-9 MOVE DIGIT – MOVD(83) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
5-17-10 TRANSFER BITS – XFRB(––) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
5-18 Comparison Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
5-18-1 COMPARE – CMP(20) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
5-18-2 TABLE COMPARE – TCMP(85) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
5-18-3 BLOCK COMPARE – BCMP(68) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
5-18-4 DOUBLE COMPARE – CMPL(60) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
5-18-5 MULTI-WORD COMPARE – MCMP(19) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
5-18-6 SIGNED BINARY COMPARE – CPS(––) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
5-18-7 DOUBLE SIGNED BINARY COMPARE – CPSL(––) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
5-18-8 AREA RANGE COMPARE – ZCP(––) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
5-18-9 DOUBLE AREA RANGE COMPARE – ZCPL(––) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
5-19 Conversion Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
5-19-1 BCD-TO-BINARY – BIN(23) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
5-19-2 BINARY-TO-BCD – BCD(24) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
5-19-3 DOUBLE BCD-TO-DOUBLE BINARY – BINL(58) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
5-19-4 DOUBLE BINARY-TO-DOUBLE BCD – BCDL(59) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
5-19-5 4-TO-16 DECODER – MLPX(76) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
5-19-6 16-TO-4 ENCODER – DMPX(77) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
5-19-7 7-SEGMENT DECODER – SDEC(78) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
5-19-8 ASCII CONVERT – ASC(86) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
5-19-9 ASCII-TO-HEXADECIMAL – HEX(––) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
5-19-10 SCALING – SCL(66) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
5-19-11 SIGNED BINARY TO BCD SCALING – SCL2(––) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
5-19-12 BCD TO SIGNED BINARY SCALING – SCL3(––) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
5-19-13 HOURS-TO-SECONDS – SEC(––) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
5-19-14 SECONDS-TO-HOURS – HMS(––) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
5-19-15 COLUMN-TO-LINE – LINE(––) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
5-19-16 LINE-TO-COLUMN – COLM(––) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
5-19-17 2’S COMPLEMENT – NEG(––) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
5-19-18 DOUBLE 2’S COMPLEMENT – NEGL(––) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
5-20 BCD Calculation Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
5-20-1 SET CARRY – STC(40) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
5-20-2 CLEAR CARRY – CLC(41) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
5-20-3 BCD ADD – ADD(30) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
5-20-4 BCD SUBTRACT – SUB(31) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
5-20-5 BCD MULTIPLY – MUL(32) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
5-20-6 BCD DIVIDE – DIV(33) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
5-20-7 DOUBLE BCD ADD – ADDL(54) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
5-20-8 DOUBLE BCD SUBTRACT – SUBL(55) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
5-20-9 DOUBLE BCD MULTIPLY – MULL(56) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286
5-20-10 DOUBLE BCD DIVIDE – DIVL(57) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
5-20-11 SQUARE ROOT – ROOT(72) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288

182
Section

5-21 Binary Calculation Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289

5-21-1 BINARY ADD – ADB(50) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
5-21-2 BINARY SUBTRACT – SBB(51) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
5-21-3 BINARY MULTIPLY – MLB(52) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
5-21-4 BINARY DIVIDE – DVB(53) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
5-21-5 DOUBLE BINARY ADD – ADBL(––) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
5-21-6 DOUBLE BINARY SUBTRACT – SBBL(––) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
5-21-7 SIGNED BINARY MULTIPLY – MBS(––) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
5-21-8 DOUBLE SIGNED BINARY MULTIPLY – MBSL(––) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
5-21-9 SIGNED BINARY DIVIDE – DBS(––) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298
5-21-10 DOUBLE SIGNED BINARY DIVIDE – DBSL(––) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
5-22 Special Math Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
5-22-1 FIND MAXIMUM – MAX(––) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
5-22-2 FIND MINIMUM – MIN(––) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
5-22-3 AVERAGE VALUE – AVG(––) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
5-22-4 SUM – SUM(––) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
5-22-5 ARITHMETIC PROCESS – APR(––) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
5-23 Logic Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
5-23-1 COMPLEMENT – COM(29) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
5-23-2 LOGICAL AND – ANDW(34) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
5-23-3 LOGICAL OR – ORW(35) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
5-23-4 EXCLUSIVE OR – XORW(36) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
5-23-5 EXCLUSIVE NOR – XNRW(37) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
5-24 Increment/Decrement Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
5-24-1 BCD INCREMENT – INC(38) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
5-24-2 BCD DECREMENT – DEC(39) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312
5-25 Subroutine Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
5-25-1 SUBROUTINE ENTER – SBS(91) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
5-25-2 SUBROUTINE DEFINE and RETURN – SBN(92)/RET(93) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
5-26 Special Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
5-26-1 TRACE MEMORY SAMPLING – TRSM(45) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
5-26-2 MESSAGE DISPLAY – MSG(46) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317
5-26-3 I/O REFRESH – IORF(97) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318
5-26-4 MACRO – MCRO(99) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
5-26-5 BIT COUNTER – BCNT(67) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320
5-26-6 FRAME CHECKSUM – FCS(––) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321
5-26-7 FAILURE POINT DETECTION – FPD(––) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322
5-26-8 INTERRUPT CONTROL – INT(89) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326
5-26-9 SET PULSES – PULS(65) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328
5-26-10 SPEED OUTPUT– SPED(64) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330
5-26-11 PULSE OUTPUT – PLS2(––) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332
5-26-12 ACCELERATION CONTROL – ACC(––) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334
5-26-13 PULSE WITH VARIABLE DUTY RATIO – PWM(––) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336
5-26-14 DATA SEARCH – SRCH(––) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
5-26-15 PID CONTROL – PID(––) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338
5-27 Communications Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
5-27-1 RECEIVE – RXD(47) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
5-27-2 TRANSMIT – TXD(48) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342
5-27-3 CHANGE RS-232C SETUP – STUP(––) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344
5-28 Advanced I/O Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
5-28-1 7-SEGMENT DISPLAY OUTPUT – 7SEG(88) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
5-28-2 DIGITAL SWITCH INPUT – DSW(87) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346
5-28-3 HEXADECIMAL KEY INPUT – HKY(––) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
5-28-4 TEN KEY INPUT – TKY(18) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347

183
Data Areas, Definer Values, and Flags Section 5-3

5-1 Notation
In the remainder of this manual, all instructions will be referred to by their mne-
monics. For example, the OUTPUT instruction will be called OUT; the AND
LOAD instruction, AND LD. If you’re not sure of the instruction a mnemonic is
used for, refer to Appendix A Programming Instructions.
If an instruction is assigned a function code, it will be given in parentheses after
the mnemonic. These function codes, which are 2-digit decimal numbers, are
used to input most instructions into the CPU Unit. A table of instructions listed in
order of function codes is also provided in Appendix A Programming Instruc-
tions. Lists of instructions are also provided in 5-6 Instruction Tables.
An @ before a mnemonic indicates the differentiated version of that instruction.
Differentiated instructions are explained in Section 5-4.

5-2 Instruction Format

Most instructions have at least one or more operands associated with them. Op-
erands indicate or provide the data on which an instruction is to be performed.
These are sometimes input as the actual numeric values (i.e., as constants), but
are usually the addresses of data area words or bits that contain the data to be
used. A bit whose address is designated as an operand is called an operand bit;
a word whose address is designated as an operand is called an operand word. In
some instructions, the word address designated in an instruction indicates the
first of multiple words containing the desired data.
Each instruction requires one or more words in Program Memory. The first word
is the instruction word, which specifies the instruction and contains any definers
(described below) or operand bits required by the instruction. Other operands
required by the instruction are contained in following words, one operand per
word. Some instructions require up to four words.
A definer is an operand associated with an instruction and contained in the same
word as the instruction itself. These operands define the instruction rather than
telling what data it is to use. Examples of definers are TC numbers, which are
used in timer and counter instructions to create timers and counters, as well as
jump numbers (which define which Jump instruction is paired with which Jump
End instruction). Bit operands are also contained in the same word as the
instruction itself, although these are not considered definers.

5-3 Data Areas, Definer Values, and Flags

In this section, each instruction description includes its ladder diagram symbol,
the data areas that can be used by its operands, and the values that can be used
as definers. Details for the data areas are also specified by the operand names
and the type of data required for each operand (i.e., word or bit and, for words,
hexadecimal or BCD).
Not all addresses in the specified data areas are necessarily allowed for an oper-
and, e.g., if an operand requires two words, the last word in a data area cannot
be designated as the first word of the operand because all words for a single op-
erand must be within the same data area. Other specific limitations are given in a
Limitations subsection. Refer to Section 3 Memory Areas for addressing con-
ventions and the addresses of flags and control bits.

! Caution The IR and SR areas are considered as separate data areas. If an operand has
access to one area, it doesn’t necessarily mean that the same operand will have
access to the other area. The border between the IR and SR areas can, howev-
er, be crossed for a single operand, i.e., the last bit in the IR area may be speci-
fied for an operand that requires more than one word as long as the SR area is
also allowed for that operand.

184
Data Areas, Definer Values, and Flags Section 5-3

The Flags subsection lists flags that are affected by execution of an instruction.
These flags include the following SR area flags.

Abbreviation Name Bit

ER Instruction Execution Error Flag 25503
CY Carry Flag 25504
GR Greater Than Flag 25505
EQ Equals Flag 25506
LE Less Than Flag 25507

ER is the flag most commonly used for monitoring an instruction’s execution.

When ER goes ON, it indicates that an error has occurred in attempting to
execute the current instruction. The Flags subsection of each instruction lists
possible reasons for ER being ON. ER will turn ON if operands are not entered
correctly. Instructions are not executed when ER is ON. A table of instructions
and the flags they affect is provided in Appendix B Error and Arithmetic Flag Op-
eration.

Indirect Addressing When the DM area is specified for an operand, an indirect address can be used.
Indirect DM addressing is specified by placing an asterisk before the DM: DM.

When an indirect DM address is specified, the designated DM word will contain

the address of the DM word that contains the data that will be used as the oper-
and of the instruction. If, for example, DM 0001 was designated as the first
operand and LR 00 as the second operand of MOV(21), the contents of DM 0001
was 1111, and DM 1111 contained 5555, the value 5555 would be moved to LR
00.

Word Content
MOV(21)
DM 0000 4C59
DM 0001
DM 0001 1111
LR 00 Indirect Indicates
DM 0002 F35A
address DM 1111.

DM 1111 5555
DM 1113 2506 5555 moved
DM 1114 D541 to LR 00.

When using indirect addressing, the address of the desired word must be in BCD
and it must specify a word within the DM area. In the above example, the content
of DM 0000 would have to be in BCD between 0000 and 1999.

Designating Constants Although data area addresses are most often given as operands, many oper-
ands and all definers are input as constants. The available value range for a giv-
en definer or operand depends on the particular instruction that uses it.
Constants must also be entered in the form required by the instruction, i.e., in
BCD or in hexadecimal.

185
Coding Right-hand Instructions Section 5-5

5-4 Differentiated Instructions

Most instructions are provided in both differentiated and non-differentiated
forms. Differentiated instructions are distinguished by an @ in front of the
instruction mnemonic.
A non-differentiated instruction is executed each time it is scanned as long as its
execution condition is ON. A differentiated instruction is executed only once af-
ter its execution condition goes from OFF to ON. If the execution condition has
not changed or has changed from ON to OFF since the last time the instruction
was scanned, the instruction will not be executed. The following two examples
show how this works with MOV(21) and @MOV(21), which are used to move the
data in the address designated by the first operand to the address designated by
the second operand.
00000
Address Instruction Operands
MOV(21)

HR 10
00000 LD 00000
00001 MOV(21)
Diagram A DM 0000
HR 10
DM 0000

00000
@MOV(21) Address Instruction Operands
HR 10 00000 LD 00000
Diagram B DM 0000 00001 @MOV(21)
HR 10
DM 0000

In diagram A, the non-differentiated MOV(21) will move the content of HR 10 to

DM 0000 whenever it is scanned with 00000. If the cycle time is 80 ms and 00000
remains ON for 2.0 seconds, this move operation will be performed 25 times and
only the last value moved to DM 0000 will be preserved there.
In diagram B, the differentiated @MOV(21) will move the content of HR 10 to DM
0000 only once after 00000 goes ON. Even if 00000 remains ON for 2.0 seconds
with the same 80 ms cycle time, the move operation will be executed only once
during the first cycle in which 00000 has changed from OFF to ON. Because the
content of HR 10 could very well change during the 2 seconds while 00000 is
ON, the final content of DM 0000 after the 2 seconds could be different depend-
ing on whether MOV(21) or @MOV(21) was used.
All operands, ladder diagram symbols, and other specifications for instructions
are the same regardless of whether the differentiated or non-differentiated form
of an instruction is used. When inputting, the same function codes are also used,
but NOT is input after the function code to designate the differentiated form of an
instruction. Most, but not all, instructions have differentiated forms.
Refer to 5-11 INTERLOCK and INTERLOCK CLEAR – IL(02) and IL(03) for the
effects of interlocks on differentiated instructions.
The CQM1 also provides differentiation instructions: DIFU(13) and DIFD(14).
DIFU(13) operates the same as a differentiated instruction, but is used to turn
ON a bit for one cycle. DIFD(14) also turns ON a bit for one cycle, but does it
when the execution condition has changed from ON to OFF. Refer to 5-8-4 DIF-
FERENTIATE UP and DOWN - DIFU(13) and DIFD(14) for details.

5-5 Coding Right-hand Instructions

Writing mnemonic code for ladder instructions is described in Section 4 Ladder-
diagram Programming. Converting the information in the ladder diagram symbol
for all other instructions follows the same pattern, as described below, and is not
specified for each instruction individually.

186
Coding Right-hand Instructions Section 5-5

The first word of any instruction defines the instruction and provides any defin-
ers. If the instruction requires only a signal bit operand with no definer, the bit
operand is also placed on the same line as the mnemonic. All other operands are
placed on lines after the instruction line, one operand per line and in the same
order as they appear in the ladder symbol for the instruction.
The address and instruction columns of the mnemonic code table are filled in for
the instruction word only. For all other lines, the left two columns are left blank. If
the instruction requires no definer or bit operand, the data column is left blank for
first line. It is a good idea to cross through any blank data column spaces (for all
instruction words that do not require data) so that the data column can be quickly
scanned to see if any addresses have been left out.
If an IR or SR address is used in the data column, the left side of the column is left
blank. If any other data area is used, the data area abbreviation is placed on the
left side and the address is placed on the right side. If a constant to be input, the
number symbol (#) is placed on the left side of the data column and the number
to be input is placed on the right side. Any numbers input as definers in the
instruction word do not require the number symbol on the right side. TC bits,
once defined as a timer or counter, take a TIM (timer) or CNT (counter) prefix.
When coding an instruction that has a function code, be sure to write in the func-
tion code, which will be necessary when inputting the instruction via the Pro-
gramming Console. Also be sure to designate the differentiated instruction with
the @ symbol.
Note The mnemonics of expansion instructions are followed by “(––)” as the function
code to indicate that they must be assigned function codes by the user in the
instructions table before they can be used in programming. Refer to page 116 for
details.

187
Coding Right-hand Instructions Section 5-5

The following diagram and corresponding mnemonic code illustrates the points
described above.

00000 00001
Address Instruction Data
DIFU(13) 21600 00000 LD 00000
00002
00001 AND 00001
00002 OR 00002
00100 00200 21600 00003 DIFU(13) 21600
BCNT(67)
00004 LD 00100
01001 01002 LR 6300 #0001
00005 AND NOT 00200
004
00006 LD 01001
HR 00
00007 AND NOT 01002
00008 AND NOT LR 6300
00005 00009 OR LD ––
TIM 000
00010 AND 21600
#0150
00011 BCNT(67) ––
TIM 000 # 0001
MOV(21)
004
HR 00
HR 00
LR 00
00012 LD 00005
00013 TIM 000
HR 0015
00500 # 0150
00014 LD TIM 000
00015 MOV(21) ––
HR 00
LR 00
00016 LD HR 0015
00017 OUT NOT 00500

188
Coding Right-hand Instructions Section 5-5

Multiple Instruction Lines If a right-hand instruction requires multiple instruction lines (such as KEEP(11)),
all of the lines for the instruction are entered before the right-hand instruction.
Each of the lines for the instruction is coded, starting with LD or LD NOT, to form
‘logic blocks’ that are combined by the right-hand instruction. An example of this
for SFT(10) is shown below.

Address Instruction Data

00000 00001
I
SFT(10) 00000 LD 00000
00002
P 00001 AND 00001
HR 00
00100 00200 21600 00002 LD 00002
R
HR 00
00003 LD 00100
01001 01002 LR 6300
00004 AND NOT 00200
00005 LD 01001
HR 0015
00500 00006 AND NOT 01002
00007 AND NOT LR 6300
00008 OR LD ––
00009 AND 21600
00010 SFT(10) HR 00
HR 00
00011 LD HR 0015
00012 OUT NOT 00500

189
Instruction Tables Section 5-6

5-6 Instruction Tables

This section provides tables of the instructions available in the CQM1. The first
few tables can be used to find instructions by function code. The last table can be
used to find instructions by mnemonic. In both tables, the @ symbol indicates
instructions with differentiated forms.

5-6-1 CQM1 Function Codes

The following table lists the CQM1 instructions that have fixed function codes.
Each instruction is listed by mnemonic and by instruction name. Use the num-
bers in the leftmost column as the left digit and the number in the column heading
as the right digit of the function code.
Left Right digit
digit 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 NOP END IL ILC JMP JME (@) FAL FALS STEP SNXT
NO END INTERLOCK INTERLOCK JUMP JUMP END FAILURE SEVERE STEP STEP START
OPERATION CLEAR ALARM AND FAILURE DEFINE
RESET ALARM

1 SFT KEEP CNTR DIFU DIFD TIMH (@) WSFT (@) ASFT (@) TKY (@) MCMP
SHIFT KEEP REVERS- DIFFER- DIFFER- HIGH- WORD ASYNCHRO- TEN KEY IN- MULTI-
REGISTER IBLE ENTIATE UP ENTIATE SPEED SHIFT NOUS SHIFT PUT WORD
COUNTER DOWN TIMER REGISTER COMPARE

2 CMP (@) MOV (@) MVN (@) BIN (@) BCD (@) ASL (@) ASR (@) ROL (@) ROR (@) COM
COMPARE MOVE MOVE NOT BCD TO BINARY TO SHIFT LEFT SHIFT ROTATE ROTATE COMPLE-
BINARY BCD RIGHT LEFT RIGHT MENT

3 (@) ADD (@) SUB (@) MUL (@) DIV (@) ANDW (@) ORW (@) XORW (@) XNRW (@) INC (@) DEC
BCD ADD BCD BCD BCD LOGICAL LOGICAL OR EXCLUSIVE EXCLUSIVE INCREMENT DECRE-
SUBTRACT MULTIPLY DIVIDE AND OR NOR MENT

4 (@) STC (@) CLC --- --- --- TRSM (@) MSG (@) RXD (@) TXD ---
SET CARRY CLEAR TRACE MESSAGE RECEIVE TRANSMIT
CARRY MEMORY DISPLAY
SAMPLE
(SEE NOTE)

5 (@) ADB (@) SBB (@) MLB (@) DVB (@) ADDL (@) SUBL (@) MULL (@) DIVL (@) BINL (@) BCDL
BINARY ADD BINARY BINARY BINARY DOUBLE DOUBLE DOUBLE DOUBLE DOUBLE DOUBLE
SUBTRACT MULTIPLY DIVIDE BCD ADD BCD BCD BCD BCD-TO- BINARY-TO-
SUBTRACT MULTIPLY DIVIDE DOUBLE DOUBLE
BINARY BCD

6 CMPL (@) INI (@) PRV (@) CTBL (@) SPED (@) PULS (@) SCL (@) BCNT (@) BCMP (@) STIM
DOUBLE MODE CON- HIGH- COMPARI- SPEED OUT- SET PULSES SCALING BIT COUNT- BLOCK INTERVAL
COMPARE TROL SPEED SON TABLE PUT ER COMPARE TIMER
COUNTER LOAD
PV READ

7 (@) XFER (@) BSET (@) ROOT (@) XCHG (@) SLD (@) SRD (@) MLPX (@) DMPX (@) SDEC ---
BLOCK BLOCK SET SQUARE DATA ONE DIGIT ONE DIGIT 4-TO-16 16-TO-4 7-SEGMENT
TRANSFER ROOT EXCHANGE SHIFT LEFT SHIFT DECODER ENCODER DECODER
RIGHT

8 (@) DIST (@) COLL (@) MOVB (@) MOVD (@) SFTR (@) TCMP (@) ASC (@) DSW (@) 7SEG (@) INT
SINGLE DATA MOVE BIT MOVE DIGIT REVERS- TABLE ASCII DIGITAL 7-SEGMENT INTERRUPT
WORD COLLECT IBLE SHIFT COMPARE CONVERT SWITCH DISPLAY CONTROL
DISTRIBUTE REGISTER OUTPUT

9 --- (@) SBS SBN RET --- --- --- (@) IORF --- (@) MCRO
SUBROU- SUBROU- SUBROU- I/O MACRO
TINE TINE TINE REFRESH
ENTRY DEFINE RETURN

Note TRSM(45) cannot be used with the CQM1-CPU11/21-E CPU Units.

190
Instruction Tables Section 5-6

5-6-2 CPM1/CPM1A Function Codes

The following table lists the CPM1/CPM1A instructions that have fixed function
codes. Each instruction is listed by mnemonic and by instruction name. Use the
numbers in the leftmost column as the left digit and the number in the column
heading as the right digit of the function code.
Left Right digit
digit 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 NOP END IL ILC JMP JME (@) FAL FALS STEP SNXT
NO END INTERLOCK INTERLOCK JUMP JUMP END FAILURE SEVERE STEP STEP START
OPERATION CLEAR ALARM AND FAILURE DEFINE
RESET ALARM

1 SFT KEEP CNTR DIFU DIFD TIMH (@) WSFT (@) ASFT --- ---
SHIFT KEEP REVERS- DIFFER- DIFFER- HIGH- WORD ASYNCHRO-
REGISTER IBLE ENTIATE UP ENTIATE SPEED SHIFT NOUS SHIFT
COUNTER DOWN TIMER REGISTER

2 CMP (@) MOV (@) MVN (@) BIN (@) BCD (@) ASL (@) ASR (@) ROL (@) ROR (@) COM
COMPARE MOVE MOVE NOT BCD TO BINARY TO SHIFT LEFT SHIFT ROTATE ROTATE COMPLE-
BINARY BCD RIGHT LEFT RIGHT MENT

4 (@) STC (@) CLC --- --- --- --- (@) MSG --- --- ---
SET CARRY CLEAR MESSAGE
CARRY DISPLAY

5 (@) ADB (@) SBB (@) MLB (@) DVB (@) ADDL (@) SUBL (@) MULL (@) DIVL --- ---
BINARY ADD BINARY BINARY BINARY DOUBLE DOUBLE DOUBLE DOUBLE
SUBTRACT MULTIPLY DIVIDE BCD ADD BCD BCD BCD
SUBTRACT MULTIPLY DIVIDE

6 CMPL (@) INI (@) PRV (@) CTBL --- --- --- (@) BCNT (@) BCMP (@) STIM
DOUBLE MODE CON- HIGH- COMPARI- BIT COUNT- BLOCK INTERVAL
COMPARE TROL SPEED SON TABLE ER COMPARE TIMER
COUNTER LOAD
PV READ

7 (@) XFER (@) BSET --- (@) XCHG (@) SLD (@) SRD (@) MLPX (@) DMPX (@) SDEC ---
BLOCK BLOCK SET DATA ONE DIGIT ONE DIGIT 4-TO-16 16-TO-4 7-SEGMENT
TRANSFER EXCHANGE SHIFT LEFT SHIFT DECODER ENCODER DECODER
RIGHT

8 (@) DIST (@) COLL (@) MOVB (@) MOVD (@) SFTR (@) TCMP (@) ASC --- --- (@) INT
SINGLE DATA MOVE BIT MOVE DIGIT REVERS- TABLE ASCII INTERRUPT
WORD COLLECT IBLE SHIFT COMPARE CONVERT CONTROL
DISTRIBUTE REGISTER

9 --- (@) SBS SBN RET --- --- --- (@) IORF --- (@) MCRO
SUBROU- SUBROU- SUBROU- I/O MACRO
TINE TINE TINE REFRESH
ENTRY DEFINE RETURN

191
Instruction Tables Section 5-6

5-6-3 SRM1 Function Codes

The following table lists the SRM1 instructions that have fixed function codes.
Each instruction is listed by mnemonic and by instruction name. Use the num-
bers in the leftmost column as the left digit and the number in the column heading
as the right digit of the function code.
Left Right digit
digit 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 NOP END IL ILC JMP JME (@) FAL FALS STEP SNXT
NO END INTERLOCK INTERLOCK JUMP JUMP END FAILURE SEVERE STEP STEP START
OPERATION CLEAR ALARM AND FAILURE DEFINE
RESET ALARM

1 SFT KEEP CNTR DIFU DIFD TIMH (@) WSFT (@) ASFT --- ---
SHIFT KEEP REVERS- DIFFER- DIFFER- HIGH- WORD ASYNCHRO-
REGISTER IBLE ENTIATE UP ENTIATE SPEED SHIFT NOUS SHIFT
COUNTER DOWN TIMER REGISTER

2 CMP (@) MOV (@) MVN (@) BIN (@) BCD (@) ASL (@) ASR (@) ROL (@) ROR (@) COM
COMPARE MOVE MOVE NOT BCD TO BINARY TO SHIFT LEFT SHIFT ROTATE ROTATE COMPLE-
BINARY BCD RIGHT LEFT RIGHT MENT

4 (@) STC (@) CLC --- --- --- --- (@) MSG --- --- ---
SET CARRY CLEAR MESSAGE
CARRY DISPLAY

6 CMPL --- --- --- --- --- --- (@) BCNT (@) BCMP (@) STIM
DOUBLE BIT COUNT- BLOCK INTERVAL
COMPARE ER COMPARE TIMER

8 (@) DIST (@) COLL (@) MOVB (@) MOVD (@) SFTR (@) TCMP (@) ASC --- --- ---
SINGLE DATA MOVE BIT MOVE DIGIT REVERS- TABLE ASCII
WORD COLLECT IBLE SHIFT COMPARE CONVERT
DISTRIBUTE REGISTER

9 --- (@) SBS SBN RET --- --- --- (@) IORF --- (@) MCRO
SUBROU- SUBROU- SUBROU- I/O MACRO
TINE TINE TINE REFRESH
ENTRY DEFINE RETURN

192
Instruction Tables Section 5-6

5-6-4 Alphabetic List by Mnemonic

Dashes (“–”) in the Code column indicate expansion instructions, which do not
have fixed function codes. “None” indicates instructions for which function
codes are not used.

Mnemonic Code Words Name CPU Units Page

7SEG 88 4 7-SEGMENT DISPLAY OUTPUT CQM1 only 345
ACC (@) –– 4 ACCELERATION CONTROL CQM-CPU43-E/-EV1 only 334
ADB (@) 50 4 BINARY ADD All 289
ADBL (@) –– 4 DOUBLE BINARY ADD CQM1-CPU4-E/-EV1 only 293
ADD (@) 30 4 BCD ADD All 278
ADDL (@) 54 4 DOUBLE BCD ADD All 284
AND None 1 AND All 196
AND LD None 1 AND LOAD All 197
AND NOT None 1 AND NOT All 196
ANDW (@) 34 4 LOGICAL AND All 309
APR (@) –– 4 ARITHMETIC PROCESS CQM1 only 305
ASC (@) 86 4 ASCII CONVERT All 262
ASFT(@) 17 4 ASYNCHRONOUS SHIFT REGISTER All 230
ASL (@) 25 2 ARITHMETIC SHIFT LEFT All 225
ASR (@) 26 2 ARITHMETIC SHIFT RIGHT All 226
AVG –– 4 AVERAGE VALUE CQM1 only 302
BCD (@) 24 3 BINARY TO BCD All 253
BCDL (@) 59 3 DOUBLE BINARY-TO-DOUBLE BCD CQM1 only 254
BCMP (@) 68 4 BLOCK COMPARE All 244
BCNT (@) 67 4 BIT COUNTER All 320
BIN (@) 23 3 BCD-TO-BINARY All 252
BINL (@) 58 3 DOUBLE BCD-TO-DOUBLE BINARY CQM1 only 254
BSET (@) 71 4 BLOCK SET All 234
CLC (@) 41 1 CLEAR CARRY All 278
CMP 20 3 COMPARE All 242
CMPL 60 4 DOUBLE COMPARE All 246
CNT None 2 COUNTER All 210
CNTR 12 3 REVERSIBLE COUNTER All 211
COLL (@) 81 4 DATA COLLECT All 237
COLM(@) –– 4 LINE TO COLUMN CQM1 only 274
COM (@) 29 2 COMPLEMENT All 308
CPS –– 4 SIGNED BINARY COMPARE CQM1-CPU4-E/-EV1 only 248
CPSL –– 4 DOUBLE SIGNED BINARY COMPARE CQM1-CPU4-E/-EV1 only 249
CTBL(@) 63 4 COMPARISON TABLE LOAD All 215
DBS (@) –– 4 SIGNED BINARY DIVIDE CQM1-CPU4-E/-EV1 only 298
DBSL (@) –– 4 DOUBLE SIGNED BINARY DIVIDE CQM1-CPU4-E/-EV1 only 299
DEC (@) 39 2 BCD DECREMENT All 312
DIFD 14 2 DIFFERENTIATE DOWN All 200
DIFU 13 2 DIFFERENTIATE UP All 200
DIST (@) 80 4 SINGLE WORD DISTRIBUTE All 235
DIV (@) 33 4 BCD DIVIDE All 282
DIVL (@) 57 4 DOUBLE BCD DIVIDE All 287
DMPX (@) 77 4 16-TO-4 ENCODER All 257
DSW 87 4 DIGITAL SWITCH CQM1 only 346

193
Instruction Tables Section 5-6

Mnemonic Code Words Name CPU Units Page

DVB (@) 53 4 BINARY DIVIDE All 292
END 01 1 END All 201
FAL (@) 06 2 FAILURE ALARM AND RESET All 205
FALS 07 2 SEVERE FAILURE ALARM All 205
FCS (@) –– 4 FCS CALCULATE CQM1/SRM1 only 321
FPD –– 4 FAILURE POINT DETECT CQM1 only 322
HEX (@) –– 4 ASCII-TO-HEXADECIMAL CQM1/SRM1 only 263
HKY –– 4 HEXADECIMAL KEY INPUT CQM1 only 347
HMS –– 4 SECONDS TO HOURS CQM1 only 272
IL 02 1 INTERLOCK All 201
ILC 03 1 INTERLOCK CLEAR All 201
INC (@) 38 2 INCREMENT All 311
INI (@) 61 4 MODE CONTROL All 220
INT (@) 89 4 INTERRUPT CONTROL All 326
IORF (@) 97 3 I/O REFRESH All 318
JME 05 2 JUMP END All 203
JMP 04 2 JUMP All 203
KEEP 11 2 KEEP All 199
LD None 1 LOAD All 196
LD NOT None 1 LOAD NOT All 196
LINE –– 4 LINE CQM1 only 273
MAX (@) –– 4 FIND MAXIMUM CQM1 only 300
MBS (@) –– 4 SIGNED BINARY MULTIPLY CQM1-CPU4-E/-EV1 only 296
MBSL (@) –– 4 DOUBLE SIGNED BINARY MULTIPLY CQM1-CPU4-E/-EV1 only 297
MCMP (@) 19 4 MULTI-WORD COMPARE CQM1 only 301
MCRO (@) 99 4 MACRO All 319
MIN (@) –– 4 FIND MINIMUM CQM1 only 301
MLB (@) 52 4 BINARY MULTIPLY All 291
MLPX (@) 76 4 4-TO-16 DECODER All 255
MOV (@) 21 3 MOVE All 232
MOVB (@) 82 4 MOVE BIT All 239
MOVD (@) 83 4 MOVE DIGIT All 240
MSG (@) 46 2 MESSAGE All 317
MUL (@) 32 4 BCD MULTIPLY All 281
MULL (@) 56 4 DOUBLE BCD MULTIPLY All 286
MVN (@) 22 3 MOVE NOT All 232
NEG (@) –– 4 2’S COMPLEMENT CQM1-CPU4-E/-EV1 only 275
NEGL (@) –– 4 DOUBLE 2’S COMPLEMENT CQM1-CPU4-E/-EV1 only 276
NOP 00 1 NO OPERATION All 201
OR None 1 OR All 196
OR LD None 1 OR LOAD All 197
OR NOT None 1 OR NOT All 196
ORW (@) 35 4 LOGICAL OR All 309
OUT None 2 OUTPUT All 197
OUT NOT None 2 OUTPUT NOT All 197
PID –– 4 PID CONTROL CQM1-CPU4-E/-EV1 only 338
PLS2 (@) –– 4 PULSE OUTPUT CQM1-CPU43-E/-EV1 only 332
PRV (@) 62 4 HIGH-SPEED COUNTER PV READ All 221

194
Instruction Tables Section 5-6

Mnemonic Code Words Name CPU Units Page

PULS (@) 65 4 SET PULSES CQM1 and 328
CPM1A-CDT/CDT1 only
PWM (@) –– 4 PULSE WITH VARIABLE DUTY RATIO CQM1-CPU43-E/-EV1 only 336
RET 93 1 SUBROUTINE RETURN All 315
ROL (@) 27 2 ROTATE LEFT All 226
ROOT (@) 72 3 SQUARE ROOT CQM1 only 288
ROR (@) 28 2 ROTATE RIGHT All 227
RSET None 2 RESET All 198
RXD (@) 47 4 RECEIVE CQM1/SRM1 only 340
SBB (@) 51 4 BINARY SUBTRACT All 290
SBBL (@) –– 4 DOUBLE BINARY SUBTRACT CQM1-CPU4-E/-EV1 only 294
SBN 92 2 SUBROUTINE DEFINE All 315
SBS (@) 91 2 SUBROUTINE ENTRY All 313
SCL (@) 66 4 SCALING CQM1 only 266
SCL2 (@) –– 4 SIGNED BINARY TO BCD SCALING CQM1-CPU4-E/-EV1 only 268
SCL3 (@) –– 4 BCD TO SIGNED BINARY SCALING CQM1-CPU4-E/-EV1 only 269
SDEC (@) 78 4 7-SEGMENT DECODER All 259
SEC –– 4 HOURS TO SECONDS CQM1 only 271
SET None 2 SET All 198
SFT 10 3 SHIFT REGISTER All 224
SFTR (@) 84 4 REVERSIBLE SHIFT REGISTER All 229
SLD (@) 74 3 ONE DIGIT SHIFT LEFT All 228
SNXT 09 2 STEP START All 206
SPED (@) 64 4 SPEED OUTPUT CQM1 and 330
CPM1A-CDT/CDT1 only
SRCH (@) –– 4 DATA SEARCH CQM1 only 337
SRD (@) 75 3 ONE DIGIT SHIFT RIGHT All 228
STC (@) 40 1 SET CARRY All 278
STEP 08 2 STEP DEFINE All 206
STIM (@) 69 4 INTERVAL TIMER All 213
STUP –– 3 CHANGE RS-232C SETUP SRM1 only 344
SUB (@) 31 4 BCD SUBTRACT All 279
SUBL (@) 55 4 DOUBLE BCD SUBTRACT All 285
SUM (@) –– 4 SUM CQM1 only 303
TCMP (@) 85 4 TABLE COMPARE All 243
TIM None 2 TIMER All 209
TIMH 15 3 HIGH-SPEED TIMER All 212
TKY (@) 18 4 TEN KEY INPUT CQM1 only 347
TRSM 45 1 TRACE MEMORY SAMPLE CQM1-CPU4-E/-EV1 only 315
TXD (@) 48 4 TRANSMIT CQM1/SRM1 only 342
WSFT (@) 16 3 WORD SHIFT All 225
XCHG (@) 73 3 DATA EXCHANGE All 235
XFER (@) 70 4 BLOCK TRANSFER All 233
XFRB (@) –– 4 TRANSFER BITS CQM1-CPU4-E/-EV1 only 241
XNRW (@) 37 4 EXCLUSIVE NOR All 311
XORW (@) 36 4 EXCLUSIVE OR All 310
ZCP –– 4 AREA RANGE COMPARE CQM1-CPU4-E/-EV1 only 250
ZCPL –– 4 DOUBLE AREA RANGE COMPARE CQM1-CPU4-E/-EV1 only 252

195
Ladder Diagram Instructions Section 5-7

5-7 Ladder Diagram Instructions

Ladder diagram instructions include ladder instructions and logic block instruc-
tions and correspond to the conditions on the ladder diagram. Logic block
instructions are used to relate more complex parts.

5-7-1 LOAD, LOAD NOT, AND, AND NOT, OR, and OR NOT
Ladder Symbols Operand Data Areas

B B: Bit
LOAD – LD
IR, SR, AR, HR, TC, LR, TR

B B: Bit
LOAD NOT – LD NOT
IR, SR, AR, HR, TC, LR

B B: Bit
AND – AND
IR, SR, AR, HR, TC, LR

B B: Bit
AND NOT – AND NOT
IR, SR, AR, HR, TC, LR

B: Bit
OR – OR B
IR, SR, AR, HR, TC, LR

B: Bit
OR NOT – OR NOT B
IR, SR, AR, HR, TC, LR

Limitations There is no limit to the number of any of these instructions, or restrictions in the
order in which they must be used, as long as the memory capacity of the PC is
not exceeded.

Description These six basic instructions correspond to the conditions on a ladder diagram.
As described in Section 4 Ladder-diagram Programming, the status of the bits
assigned to each instruction determines the execution conditions for all other
instructions. Each of these instructions and each bit address can be used as
many times as required. Each can be used in as many of these instructions as
required.
The status of the bit operand (B) assigned to LD or LD NOT determines the first
execution condition. AND takes the logical AND between the execution condi-
tion and the status of its bit operand; AND NOT, the logical AND between the
execution condition and the inverse of the status of its bit operand. OR takes the
logical OR between the execution condition and the status of its bit operand; OR
NOT, the logical OR between the execution condition and the inverse of the sta-
tus of its bit operand.

Flags There are no flags affected by these instructions.

196
Bit Control Instructions Section 5-8

5-7-2 AND LOAD and OR LOAD

AND LOAD – AND LD
00000 00002

Ladder Symbol 00001 00003

OR LOAD – OR LD
00000 00001

Ladder Symbol
00002 00003

Description When instructions are combined into blocks that cannot be logically combined
using only OR and AND operations, AND LD and OR LD are used. Whereas
AND and OR operations logically combine a bit status and an execution condi-
tion, AND LD and OR LD logically combine two execution conditions, the current
one and the last unused one.
In order to draw ladder diagrams, it is not necessary to use AND LD and OR LD
instructions, nor are they necessary when inputting ladder diagrams directly, as
is possible from the SSS. They are required, however, to convert the program to
and input it in mnemonic form.
In order to reduce the number of programming instructions required, a basic un-
derstanding of logic block instructions is required. For an introduction to logic
blocks, refer to 4-3-6 Logic Block Instructions.

Flags There are no flags affected by these instructions.

5-8 Bit Control Instructions

There are seven instructions that can be used generally to control individual bit
status. These are OUT, OUT NOT, DIFU(13), DIFD(14), SET, RSET, and
KEEP(11). These instructions are used to turn bits ON and OFF in different
ways.

5-8-1 OUTPUT and OUTPUT NOT – OUT and OUT NOT

OUTPUT – OUT
Ladder Symbol Operand Data Areas

B: Bit
B
IR, SR, AR, HR, LR, TR

OUTPUT NOT – OUT NOT

Ladder Symbol Operand Data Areas

B: Bit
B
IR, SR, AR, HR, LR

Limitations Any output bit can generally be used in only one instruction that controls its sta-
tus.
Description OUT and OUT NOT are used to control the status of the designated bit according
to the execution condition.

197
Bit Control Instructions Section 5-8

OUT turns ON the designated bit for an ON execution condition, and turns OFF
the designated bit for an OFF execution condition. With a TR bit, OUT appears at
a branching point rather than at the end of an instruction line. Refer to 4-3-8
Branching Instruction Lines for details.
OUT NOT turns ON the designated bit for a OFF execution condition, and turns
OFF the designated bit for an ON execution condition.
OUT and OUT NOT can be used to control execution by turning ON and OFF bits
that are assigned to conditions on the ladder diagram, thus determining execu-
tion conditions for other instructions. This is particularly helpful and allows a
complex set of conditions to be used to control the status of a single work bit, and
then that work bit can be used to control other instructions.
The length of time that a bit is ON or OFF can be controlled by combining the
OUT or OUT NOT with TIM. Refer to Examples under 5-15-1 TIMER – TIM for
details.

Flags There are no flags affected by these instructions.

5-8-2 SET and RESET – SET and RSET

Ladder Symbols Operand Data Areas

B: Bit
SET B
IR, SR, AR, HR, LR

B: Bit
RSET B
IR, SR, AR, HR, LR

Description SET turns the operand bit ON when the execution condition is ON, and does not
affect the status of the operand bit when the execution condition is OFF. RSET
turns the operand bit OFF when the execution condition is ON, and does not af-
fect the status of the operand bit when the execution condition is OFF.
The operation of SET differs from that of OUT because the OUT instruction turns
the operand bit OFF when its execution condition is OFF. Likewise, RSET differs
from OUT NOT because OUT NOT turns the operand bit ON when its execution
condition is OFF.

Precautions The status of operand bits for SET and RSET programmed between IL(02) and
ILC(03) or JMP(04) and JME(05) will not change when the interlock or jump
condition is met (i.e., when IL(02) or JMP(04) is executed with an OFF execution
condition).

Flags There are no flags affected by these instructions.

Examples The following examples demonstrate the difference between OUT and SET/
RSET. In the first example (Diagram A), IR 10000 will be turned ON or OFF
whenever IR 00000 goes ON or OFF.

198
Bit Control Instructions Section 5-8

In the second example (Diagram B), IR 10000 will be turned ON when IR 00001
goes ON and will remain ON (even if IR 00001 goes OFF) until IR 00002 goes
ON.

00000
10000
Address Instruction Operands
00000 LD 00000
Diagram A 00001 OUT 10000

00001
SET 10000
Address Instruction Operands
00002 00000 LD 00001
RSET 10000
00001 SET 10000
00002 LD 00002
Diagram B 00003 RSET 10000

5-8-3 KEEP – KEEP(11)

Ladder Symbol Operand Data Areas

KEEP(11) B: Bit
B
IR, SR, AR, HR, LR
R

Limitations Any output bit can generally be used in only one instruction that controls its sta-
tus.

Description KEEP(11) is used to maintain the status of the designated bit based on two
execution conditions. These execution conditions are labeled S and R. S is the
set input; R, the reset input. KEEP(11) operates like a latching relay that is set by
S and reset by R.
When S turns ON, the designated bit will go ON and stay ON until reset, regard-
less of whether S stays ON or goes OFF. When R turns ON, the designated bit
will go OFF and stay OFF until reset, regardless of whether R stays ON or goes
OFF. The relationship between execution conditions and KEEP(11) bit status is
shown below.

S execution condition

R execution condition

Status of B

Flags There are no flags affected by this instruction.

199
Bit Control Instructions Section 5-8

Precautions Exercise caution when using a KEEP reset line that is controlled by an external
normally closed device. Never use an input bit in an inverse condition on the re-
set (R) for KEEP(11) when the input device uses an AC power supply. The delay
in shutting down the PC’s DC power supply (relative to the AC power supply to
the input device) can cause the designated bit of KEEP(11) to be reset. This situ-
ation is shown below.

Input Unit

A S

KEEP(11)

NEVER A B
R

Bits used in KEEP are not reset in interlocks. Refer to the 5-11 INTERLOCK –
and INTERLOCK CLEAR IL(02) and ILC(03) for details.

5-8-4 DIFFERENTIATE UP and DOWN – DIFU(13) and DIFD(14)

Ladder Symbols Operand Data Areas

B: Bit
DIFU(13) B
IR, SR, AR, HR, LR

B: Bit
DIFD(14) B
IR, SR, AR, HR, LR

Limitations Any output bit can generally be used in only one instruction that controls its sta-
tus.
Description DIFU(13) and DIFD(14) are used to turn the designated bit ON for one cycle
only.
Whenever executed, DIFU(13) compares its current execution with the previous
execution condition. If the previous execution condition was OFF and the cur-
rent one is ON, DIFU(13) will turn ON the designated bit. If the previous execu-
tion condition was ON and the current execution condition is either ON or OFF,
DIFU(13) will either turn the designated bit OFF or leave it OFF (i.e., if the desig-
nated bit is already OFF). The designated bit will thus never be ON for longer
than one cycle, assuming it is executed each cycle (see Precautions, below).
Whenever executed, DIFD(14) compares its current execution with the previous
execution condition. If the previous execution condition was ON and the current
one is OFF, DIFD(14) will turn ON the designated bit. If the previous execution
condition was OFF and the current execution condition is either ON or OFF,
DIFD(14) will either turn the designated bit OFF or leave it OFF. The designated
bit will thus never be ON for longer than one cycle, assuming it is executed each
cycle (see Precautions, below).
These instructions are used when differentiated instructions (i.e., those prefixed
with an @) are not available and single-cycle execution of a particular instruction
is desired. They can also be used with non-differentiated forms of instructions
that have differentiated forms when their use will simplify programming. Exam-
ples of these are shown below.

Flags There are no flags affected by these instructions.

200
INTERLOCK and INTERLOCK CLEAR – IL(02) and ILC(03) Section 5-11

Precautions rDIFU(13) and DIFD(14) operation can be uncertain when the instructions are
programmed between IL and ILC, between JMP and JME, or in subroutines. Re-
fer to 5-11 INTERLOCK and INTERLOCK CLEAR – IL(02) and ILC(03), 5-12
JUMP and JUMP END – JMP(04) and JME(05), 5-25 Subroutine Instructions,
and 5-26-8 INTERRUPT CONTROL – INT(89).
Example In this example, IR 10014 will be turned ON for one cycle when IR 00000 goes
from OFF to ON. IR 10015 will be turned ON for one cycle when IR 00000 goes
from ON to OFF.
00000
DIFU(13) 10014 Address Instruction Operands
00000 LD 00000
00001 DIFU(13) 10014
DIFD(14) 10015
00002 DIFD(14) 10015

5-9 NO OPERATION – NOP(00)

Description NOP(00) is not generally required in programming and there is no ladder symbol
for it. When NOP(00) is found in a program, nothing is executed and the program
execution moves to the next instruction. When memory is cleared prior to pro-
gramming, NOP(00) is written at all addresses. NOP(00) can be input through
the 00 function code.

Flags There are no flags affected by NOP(00).

5-10 END – END(01)

Ladder Symbol END(01)

Description END(01) is required as the last instruction in any program. If there are subrou-
tines, END(01) is placed after the last subroutine. No instruction written after
END(01) will be executed. END(01) can be placed anywhere in the program to
execute all instructions up to that point, as is sometimes done to debug a pro-
gram, but it must be removed to execute the remainder of the program.
If there is no END(01) in the program, no instructions will be executed and the
error message “NO END INST” will appear.

Flags END(01) turns OFF the ER, CY, GR, EQ, and LE flags.

5-11 INTERLOCK and INTERLOCK CLEAR – IL(02) and ILC(03)

Ladder Symbol IL(02)

Ladder Symbol ILC(03)

Description IL(02) is always used in conjunction with ILC(03) to create interlocks. Interlocks
are used to enable branching in the same way as can be achieved with TR bits,
but treatment of instructions between IL(02) and ILC(03) differs from that with
TR bits when the execution condition for IL(02) is OFF. If the execution condition
of IL(02) is ON, the program will be executed as written, with an ON execution
condition used to start each instruction line from the point where IL(02) is located
through the next ILC(03). Refer to 4-3-8 Branching Instruction Lines for basic
descriptions of both methods.

201
INTERLOCK and INTERLOCK CLEAR – IL(02) and ILC(03) Section 5-11

If the execution condition for IL(02) is OFF, the interlocked section between
IL(02) and ILC(03) will be treated as shown in the following table:

Instruction Treatment
OUT and OUT NOT Designated bit turned OFF.
TIM and TIMH(15) Reset.
CNT, CNTR(12) PV maintained.
KEEP(11) Bit status maintained.
DIFU(13) and DIFD(14) Not executed (see below).
All other instructions The instructions are not executed, and all IR, AR, LR,
HR, and SR bits and words written to as operands in the
instructions are turned OFF.

IL(02) and ILC(03) do not necessarily have to be used in pairs. IL(02) can be
used several times in a row, with each IL(02) creating an interlocked section
through the next ILC(03). ILC(03) cannot be used unless there is at least one
IL(02) between it and any previous ILC(03).

DIFU(13) and DIFD(14) in Changes in the execution condition for a DIFU(13) or DIFD(14) are not recorded
Interlocks if the DIFU(13) or DIFD(14) is in an interlocked section and the execution condi-
tion for the IL(02) is OFF. When DIFU(13) or DIFD(14) is execution in an inter-
locked section immediately after the execution condition for the IL(02) has gone
ON, the execution condition for the DIFU(13) or DIFD(14) will be compared to
the execution condition that existed before the interlock became effective (i.e.,
before the interlock condition for IL(02) went OFF). The ladder diagram and bit
status changes for this are shown below. The interlock is in effect while 00000 is
OFF. Notice that 01000 is not turned ON at the point labeled A even though
00001 has turned OFF and then back ON.

00000
Address Instruction Operands
IL(02)
00001 00000 LD 00000
DIFU(13) 01000 00001 IL(02)
00002 LD 00001
ILC(03)
00003 DIFU(13) 01000
A 00004 ILC(03)

00000 OFF

00001 OFF

01000 OFF

Precautions There must be an ILC(03) following any one or more IL(02).

Although as many IL(02) instructions as are necessary can be used with one
ILC(03), ILC(03) instructions cannot be used consecutively without at least one
IL(02) in between, i.e., nesting is not possible. Whenever a ILC(03) is executed,
all interlocks between the active ILC(03) and the preceding ILC(03) are cleared.
When more than one IL(02) is used with a single ILC(03), an error message will
appear when the program check is performed, but execution will proceed nor-
mally.

Flags There are no flags affected by these instructions.

202
JUMP and JUMP END – JMP(04) and JME(05) Section 5-12

Example The following diagram shows IL(02) being used twice with one ILC(03).

Address Instruction Operands

00000
IL(02) 00000 LD 00000
00001 00001 IL(02)
TIM 127 00002 LD 00001
#0015 001.5 s 00003 TIM 127
00002 # 0015
IL(02) 00004 LD 00002
00003 00004
00005 IL(02)
CP
CNT
00006 LD 00003
00100 001 00007 AND NOT 00004
R IR 010
00008 LD 00100
00009 LD 00100
00005 00010 CNT 001
00502
010
00011 LD 00005
ILC(03) 00012 OUT 00502
00013 ILC(03)

When the execution condition for the first IL(02) is OFF, TIM 127 will be reset to
1.5 s, CNT 001 will not be changed, and 00502 will be turned OFF. When the
execution condition for the first IL(02) is ON and the execution condition for the
second IL(02) is OFF, TIM 127 will be executed according to the status of 00001,
CNT 001 will not be changed, and 00502 will be turned OFF. When the execution
conditions for both the IL(02) are ON, the program will execute as written.

5-12 JUMP and JUMP END – JMP(04) and JME(05)

Ladder Symbols Definer Values

N: Jump number
JMP(04) N
#

N: Jump number
JME(05) N
#

Limitations Jump numbers 01 through 99 (00 through 49 in CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1 PCs) may

be used only once in JMP(04) and once in JME(05), i.e., each can be used to
define one jump only. Jump number 00 can be used as many times as desired.
Jump numbers run from 00 through 99 in the CQM1 PCs and from 00 through 49
in the CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1 PCs.

Description JMP(04) is always used in conjunction with JME(05) to create jumps, i.e., to skip
from one point in a ladder diagram to another point. JMP(04) defines the point
from which the jump will be made; JME(05) defines the destination of the jump.
When the execution condition for JMP(04) in ON, no jump is made and the pro-
gram is executed consecutively as written. When the execution condition for
JMP(04) is OFF, a jump is made to the JME(05) with the same jump number and
the instruction following JME(05) is executed next.

203
JUMP and JUMP END – JMP(04) and JME(05) Section 5-12

If the jump number for JMP(04) is between 01 and 99, jumps, when made, will go
immediately to JME(05) with the same jump number without executing any
instructions in between. The status of timers, counters, bits used in OUT, bits
used in OUT NOT, and all other status bits controlled by the instructions between
JMP(04) and JMP(05) will not be changed. Each of these jump numbers can be
used to define only one jump. Because all of instructions between JMP(04) and
JME(05) are skipped, jump numbers 01 through 99 (01 through 49 in CPM1/
CPM1A/SRM1 PCs) can be used to reduce cycle time.
Jump Number 00
If the jump number for JMP(04) is 00, the CPU Unit will look for the next JME(05)
with a jump number of 00. To do so, it must search through the program, causing
a longer cycle time (when the execution condition is OFF) than for other jumps.
The status of timers, counters, bits used in OUT, bits used in OUT NOT, and all
other status controlled by the instructions between JMP(04) 00 and JMP(05) 00
will not be changed. jump number 00 can be used as many times as desired. A
jump from JMP(04) 00 will always go to the next JME(05) 00 in the program. It is
thus possible to use JMP(04) 00 consecutively and match them all with the same
JME(05) 00. It makes no sense, however, to use JME(05) 00 consecutively, be-
cause all jumps made to them will end at the first JME(05) 00.
DIFU(13) and DIFD(14) in Although DIFU(13) and DIFD(14) are designed to turn ON the designated bit for
Jumps one cycle, they will not necessarily do so when written between JMP(04) and
JMP (05). Once either DIFU(13) or DIFD(14) has turned ON a bit, it will remain
ON until the next time DIFU(13) or DIFD(14) is executed again. In normal pro-
gramming, this means the next cycle. In a jump, this means the next time the
jump from JMP(04) to JME(05) is not made, i.e., if a bit is turned ON by DIFU(13)
or DIFD(14) and then a jump is made in the next cycle so that DIFU(13) or
DIFD(14) are skipped, the designated bit will remain ON until the next time the
execution condition for the JMP(04) controlling the jump is ON.
Precautions When JMP(04) and JME(05) are not used in pairs, an error message will appear
when the program check is performed. This message also appears if JMP(04)
00 and JME(05) 00 are not used in pairs, but the program will execute properly
as written.

Flags There are no flags affected by these instructions.

Examples Examples of jump programs are provided in 4-3-9 Jumps.

204
User Error Instructions Section 5-13

5-13 User Error Instructions:

FAILURE ALARM AND RESET – FAL(06) and
SEVERE FAILURE ALARM – FALS(07)

Ladder Symbols Definer Data Areas

N: FAL number
FAL(06) N @FAL(06) N
# (00 to 99)

N: FAL number
FALS(07) N
# (01 to 99)

Description FAL(06) and FALS(07) are provided so that the programmer can output error
numbers for use in operation, maintenance, and debugging. When executed
with an ON execution condition, either of these instructions will output a FAL
number to bits 00 to 07 of SR 253. The FAL number that is output can be be-
tween 01 and 99 and is input as the definer for FAL(06) or FALS(07). FAL(06)
with a definer of 00 is used to reset this area (see below).

FAL Area
25307 25300

X101 X100

FAL(06) produces a non-fatal error and FALS(07) produces a fatal error. When
FAL(06) is executed with an ON execution condition, the ALARM/ERROR indi-
cator on the front of the CPU Unit will flash, but PC operation will continue. When
FALS(07) is executed with an ON execution condition, the ALARM/ERROR indi-
cator will light and PC operation will stop.
The system also generates error codes to the FAL area.

Resetting Errors FAL error codes will be retained in memory, although only one of these is avail-
able in the FAL area. To access the other FAL codes, reset the FAL area by
executing FAL(06) 00. Each time FAL(06) 00 is executed, another FAL error will
be moved to the FAL area, clearing the one that is already there. FAL error codes
are recorded in numerical order.
FAL(06) 00 is also used to clear message programmed with the instruction,
MSG(46).
If the FAL area cannot be cleared, as is generally the case when FALS(07) is
executed, first remove the cause of the error and then clear the FAL area through
the Programming Console or SSS.

205
Step Instructions Section 5-14

5-14 Step Instructions:

STEP DEFINE and STEP START–STEP(08)/SNXT(09)

Ladder Symbols Definer Data Areas

B: Control bit
STEP(08) B STEP(08)
IR, AR, HR, LR

SNXT(09) B B: Control bit

IR, AR, HR, LR

Limitations All control bits must be in the same word and must be consecutive.
Description The step instructions STEP(08) and SNXT(09) are used together to set up
breakpoints between sections in a large program so that the sections can be
executed as units and reset upon completion. A section of program will usually
be defined to correspond to an actual process in the application. (Refer to the
application examples later in this section.) A step is like a normal programming
code, except that certain instructions (i.e., END(01), IL(02)/ILC(03),
JMP(04)/JME(05), and SBN(92)) may not be included.
STEP(08) uses a control bit in the IR or HR areas to define the beginning of a
section of the program called a step. STEP(08) does not require an execution
condition, i.e., its execution is controlled through the control bit. To start execu-
tion of the step, SNXT(09) is used with the same control bit as used for
STEP(08). If SNXT(09) is executed with an ON execution condition, the step
with the same control bit is executed. If the execution condition is OFF, the step is
not executed. The SNXT(09) instruction must be written into the program so that
it is executed before the program reaches the step it starts. It can be used at dif-
ferent locations before the step to control the step according to two different
execution conditions (see example 2, below). Any step in the program that has
not been started with SNXT(09) will not be executed.
Once SNXT(09) is used in the program, step execution will continue until
STEP(08) is executed without a control bit. STEP(08) without a control bit must
be preceded by SNXT(09) with a dummy control bit. The dummy control bit may
be any unused IR or HR bit. It cannot be a control bit used in a STEP(08).

206
Step Instructions Section 5-14

Execution of a step is completed either by execution of the next SNXT(09) or by

turning OFF the control bit for the step (see example 3 below). When the step is
completed, all of the IR and HR bits in the step are turned OFF and all timers in
the step are reset to their SVs. Counters, shift registers, and bits used in
KEEP(11) maintain status. Two simple steps are shown below.

00000
SNXT(09) LR 1500 Starts step execution

STEP(08) LR 1500

Step controlled by LR 1500 1st step

00001
SNXT(09) LR 1501

STEP(08) LR 1501

Step controlled by LR 1501 2nd step

00002
SNXT(09) LR 1502

STEP(08) Ends step execution

Address Instruction Operands Address Instruction Operands

00000 LD 00000 00102 STEP(08) LR 1501

00001 SNXT(09) LR 1500
00002 STEP(08) LR 1500 Step controlled by LR 1501.

Step controlled by LR 1500. 00200 LD 00002

00201 SNXT(09) LR 1502
00100 LD 00001 00202 STEP(08) ---
00101 SNXT(09) LR 1501

Steps can be programmed in consecutively. Each step must start with STEP(08)
and generally ends with SNXT(09) (see example 3, below, for an exception).
When steps are programmed in series, three types of execution are possible:
sequential, branching, or parallel. The execution conditions for, and the position-
ing of, SNXT(09) determine how the steps are executed. The three examples
given below demonstrate these three types of step execution.

Precautions Interlocks, jumps, SBN(92), and END(01) cannot be used within step programs.
Bits used as control bits must not be used anywhere else in the program unless
they are being used to control the operation of the step (see example 3, below).
All control bits must be in the same word and must be consecutive.
If IR or LR bits are used for control bits, their status will be lost during any power
interruption. If it is necessary to maintain status to resume execution at the same
step, HR bits must be used.

207
Timer and Counter Instructions Section 5-15

Flags 25407: Step Start Flag; turns ON for one cycle when STEP(08) is executed and
can be used to reset counters in steps as shown below if necessary.

00000
SNXT(09) 01000 Start

01000
STEP(08) 01000

00100
CP
CNT 01
25407
25407
R #0003
1 cycle

Address Instruction Operands Address Instruction Operands

00000 LD 00000 00004 LD 25407

00001 SNXT(09) 01000 00005 CNT 01
00002 STEP(08) 01000 # 0003
00003 LD 00100

5-15 Timer and Counter Instructions

TIM and TIMH(15) are decrementing ON-delay timer instructions which require
a TC number and a set value (SV). STIM(69) is used to control the interval tim-
ers, which are used to activate interrupt routines.
CNT is a decrementing counter instruction and CNTR(12) is a reversible counter
instruction. Both require a TC number and a SV. Both are also connected to mul-
tiple instruction lines which serve as an input signal(s) and a reset. CTBL(63),
INT(89), and PRV(62) are used to manage the high-speed counter. INT(89) is
also used to stop pulse output.
Any one TC number cannot be defined twice, i.e., once it has been used as the
definer in any of the timer or counter instructions, it cannot be used again. Once
defined, TC numbers can be used as many times as required as operands in
instructions other than timer and counter instructions.
TC numbers run from 000 through 511 in the CQM1 PCs and from 000 through
127 in the CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1 PCs. No prefix is required when using a TC
number as a definer in a timer or counter instruction. Once defined as a timer, a
TC number can be prefixed with TIM for use as an operand in certain instruc-
tions. The TIM prefix is used regardless of the timer instruction that was used to
define the timer. Once defined as a counter, a TC number can be prefixed with
CNT for use as an operand in certain instructions. The CNT is also used regard-
less of the counter instruction that was used to define the counter.
TC numbers can be designated as operands that require either bit or word data.
When designated as an operand that requires bit data, the TC number accesses
a bit that functions as a ‘Completion Flag’ that indicates when the time/count has
expired, i.e., the bit, which is normally OFF, will turn ON when the designated SV
has expired. When designated as an operand that requires word data, the TC
number accesses a memory location that holds the present value (PV) of the
timer or counter. The PV of a timer or counter can thus be used as an operand in
CMP(20), or any other instruction for which the TC area is allowed. This is done
by designating the TC number used to define that timer or counter to access the
memory location that holds the PV.

208
Timer and Counter Instructions Section 5-15

Note that “TIM 000” is used to designate the TIMER instruction defined with TC
number 000, to designate the Completion Flag for this timer, and to designate
the PV of this timer. The meaning of the term in context should be clear, i.e., the
first is always an instruction, the second is always a bit operand, and the third is
always a word operand. The same is true of all other TC numbers prefixed with
TIM or CNT.
An SV can be input as a constant or as a word address in a data area. If an IR
area word assigned to an Input Unit is designated as the word address, the Input
Unit can be wired so that the SV can be set externally through thumbwheel
switches or similar devices. Timers and counters wired in this way can only be
set externally during RUN or MONITOR mode. All SVs, including those set ex-
ternally, must be in BCD.

5-15-1 TIMER – TIM

Definer Values

N: TC number
Ladder Symbol
#
TIM N
SV
Operand Data Areas

SV: Set value (word, BCD)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR, #

Limitations SV is between 000.0 and 999.9. The decimal point is not entered.
Each TC number can be used as the definer in only one TIMER or COUNTER
instruction. TC numbers run from 000 through 511 in the CQM1 PCs and from
000 through 127 in the CPM1, CPM1A/SRM1 PCs.
TC 000 through TC 015 (TC 000 through TC 003 in the CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1)
should not be used in TIM if they are required for TIMH(15). Refer to 5-15-4
HIGH-SPEED TIMER – TIMH(15) for details.
Description A timer is activated when its execution condition goes ON and is reset (to SV)
when the execution condition goes OFF. Once activated, TIM measures in units
of 0.1 second from the SV.
If the execution condition remains ON long enough for TIM to time down to zero,
the Completion Flag for the TC number used will turn ON and will remain ON
until TIM is reset (i.e., until its execution condition is goes OFF).
The following figure illustrates the relationship between the execution condition
for TIM and the Completion Flag assigned to it.

ON
Execution condition OFF

ON
Completion Flag OFF

SV SV

Precautions Timers in interlocked program sections are reset when the execution condition
for IL(02) is OFF. Power interruptions also reset timers. If a timer that is not reset
under these conditions is desired, SR area clock pulse bits can be counted to
produce timers using CNT. Refer to 5-15-2 COUNTER – CNT for details.

209
Timer and Counter Instructions Section 5-15

Flags ER: SV is not in BCD.

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is
not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

5-15-2 COUNTER – CNT

Definer Values

N: TC number
Ladder Symbol
#
CP
CNT N

R SV Operand Data Areas

SV: Set value (word, BCD)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR, #

Limitations Each TC number can be used as the definer in only one TIMER or COUNTER
instruction. TC numbers run from 000 through 511 in the CQM1 PCs and from
000 through 127 in the CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1 PCs.
Description CNT is used to count down from SV when the execution condition on the count
pulse, CP, goes from OFF to ON, i.e., the present value (PV) will be decrem-
ented by one whenever CNT is executed with an ON execution condition for CP
and the execution condition was OFF for the last execution. If the execution
condition has not changed or has changed from ON to OFF, the PV of CNT will
not be changed. The Completion Flag for a counter is turned ON when the PV
reaches zero and will remain ON until the counter is reset.
CNT is reset with a reset input, R. When R goes from OFF to ON, the PV is reset
to SV. The PV will not be decremented while R is ON. Counting down from SV will
begin again when R goes OFF. The PV for CNT will not be reset in interlocked
program sections or by power interruptions.
Changes in execution conditions, the Completion Flag, and the PV are illus-
trated below. PV line height is meant only to indicate changes in the PV.

Execution condition ON
on count pulse (CP) OFF

Execution condition ON
on reset (R) OFF

ON
Completion Flag OFF

SV SV
PV SV – 1 0002

SV – 2 0001
0000

Precautions Program execution will continue even if a non-BCD SV is used, but the SV will
not be correct.

Flags ER: SV is not in BCD.

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is
not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

210
Timer and Counter Instructions Section 5-15

Example In the following example, CNT is used to create extended timers by counting SR
area clock pulse bits.
CNT 001 counts the number of times the 1-second clock pulse bit (SR 25502)
goes from OFF to ON. Here again, IR 00000 is used to control the times when
CNT is operating.
Because in this example the SV for CNT 001 is 700, the Completion Flag for
CNT 002 turns ON when 1 second x 700 times, or 11 minutes and 40 seconds
have expired. This would result in IR 01602 being turned ON.
00000 25502
CP Address Instruction Operands
CNT
001 00000 LD 00000
00001 00001 AND 25502
R
#0700
00002 LD NOT 00001
CNT 001
00003 CNT 001
01602 # 0700
00004 LD CNT 001
00005 OUT 01602

! Caution The shorter clock pulses will not necessarily produce accurate timers because
their short ON times might not be read accurately during longer cycles. In partic-
ular, the 0.02-second and 0.1-second clock pulses should not be used to create
timers with CNT instructions.

5-15-3 REVERSIBLE COUNTER – CNTR(12)

Definer Values

N: TC number
Ladder Symbol
#
II
CNTR(12)
DI N
Operand Data Areas
SV
R
SV: Set value (word, BCD)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR, #

Limitations Each TC number can be used as the definer in only one TIMER or COUNTER
instruction. TC numbers run from 000 through 511 in the CQM1 PCs and from
000 through 127 in the CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1 PCs.
Description The CNTR(12) is a reversible, up/down circular counter, i.e., it is used to count
between zero and SV according to changes in two execution conditions, those in
the increment input (II) and those in the decrement input (DI).
The present value (PV) will be incremented by one whenever CNTR(12) is
executed with an ON execution condition for II and the last execution condition
for II was OFF. The present value (PV) will be decremented by one whenever
CNTR(12) is executed with an ON execution condition for DI and the last execu-
tion condition for DI was OFF. If OFF to ON changes have occurred in both II and
DI since the last execution, the PV will not be changed.
If the execution conditions have not changed or have changed from ON to OFF
for both II and DI, the PV of CNT will not be changed.
When decremented from 0000, the present value is set to SV and the Comple-
tion Flag is turned ON until the PV is decremented again. When incremented
past the SV, the PV is set to 0000 and the Completion Flag is turned ON until the
PV is incremented again.

211
Timer and Counter Instructions Section 5-15

CNTR(12) is reset with a reset input, R. When R goes from OFF to ON, the PV is
reset to zero. The PV will not be incremented or decremented while R is ON.
Counting will begin again when R goes OFF. The PV for CNTR(12) will not be
reset in interlocked program sections or by the effects of power interruptions.
Changes in II and DI execution conditions, the Completion Flag, and the PV are
illustrated below starting from part way through CNTR(12) operation (i.e., when
reset, counting begins from zero). PV line height is meant to indicate changes in
the PV only.
Execution condition ON
on increment (II) OFF

Execution condition ON
on decrement (DI) OFF

ON
Completion Flag OFF

SV SV
PV SV – 1 SV – 1
0001
SV – 2 SV – 2
0000 0000

Precautions Program execution will continue even if a non-BCD SV is used, but the SV will
not be correct.

Flags ER: SV is not in BCD.

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is
not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

5-15-4 HIGH-SPEED TIMER – TIMH(15)

Definer Values

N: TC number
Ladder Symbol
#
TIMH(15) N
SV
Operand Data Areas

SV: Set value (word, BCD)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR, #

Limitations SV is between 00.00 and 99.99. (Although 00.00 and 00.01 may be set, 00.00
will disable the timer, i.e., turn ON the Completion Flag immediately, and 00.01 is
not reliably scanned.) The decimal point is not entered.
Each TC number can be used as the definer in only one TIMER or COUNTER
instruction. Use TC numbers from 000 through 015 in the CQM1 PCs and from
000 through 003 in the CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1 PCs.
High-speed timers with timer numbers TC 016 through TC 511 (TC 004 through
TC 127 in the CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1) should not be used if the cycle time ex-
ceeds 10 ms.
Description TIMH(15) operates in the same way as TIM except that TIMH measures in units
of 0.01 second. Refer to 5-15-1 TIMER – TIM for operational details.
Precautions Timers in interlocked program sections are reset when the execution condition
for IL(02) is OFF. Power interruptions also reset timers. If a timer that is not reset

212
Timer and Counter Instructions Section 5-15

under these conditions is desired, SR area clock pulse bits can be counted to
produce timers using CNT. Refer to 5-15-2 COUNTER – CNT for details.
Timers in jumped program sections will not be reset when the execution condi-
tion for JMP(04) is OFF, but the timer will stop timing if jump number 00 is used.
The timers will continue timing if jump numbers 01 through 99 (01 through 49 in
CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1 PCs) are used.
CQM1 Precautions
High-speed timers with timer numbers TC 000 through TC 015 will not be inac-
curate when the PC Setup (DM 6629) is set to perform interrupt processing on
these timers.
High-speed timers with timer numbers TC 016 through TC 511 will be inaccurate
when the cycle time exceeds 10 ms. If the cycle time is greater than 10 ms, use
TC 000 through TC 015 and set DM 6629 for interrupt processing of the timer
numbers used.

Flags ER: SV is not in BCD.

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is
not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

Example The following example shows a timer set with a constant. 01600 will be turned
ON after 00000 goes ON and stays ON for at least 1.5 seconds. When 00000
goes OFF, the timer will be reset and 01600 will be turned OFF.
00000
TIMH(15)
Address Instruction Operands
000
01.50 s 00000 LD 00000
#0150
00001 TIMH(15) 000
TIM 000 # 0150
01600
00002 LD TIM 000
00003 OUT 01600

5-15-5 INTERVAL TIMER – STIM(69)

Ladder Symbols Operand Data Areas
C1: Control data #1
STIM(69) @STIM(69)
000 to 008, 010 to 012
C1 C1
C2: Control data #2
C2 C2
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #
C3 C3
C3: Control data #3

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

Note STIM(69) is an expansion instruction for the SRM1. The function code 69 is the
factory setting and can be changed for the SRM1 if desired.
Limitations (CQM1) C1 must be 000 to 008 or 010 to 012.
If C1 is 000 to 005, a constant greater than 0255 cannot be used for C3.
If C1 is 006 to 008, constants and DM 6143 to DM 6655 cannot be used for C2 or
C3. If C1 is 010 to 012, both C2 and C3 must be set to 000.
Limitations C1 must be 000, 003, 006. or 010.
(CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1) If C1 is 000 or 003, a constant greater than 0049 cannot be used for C3.
If C1 is 006, constants and DM 6143 to DM 6655 cannot be used for C2 or C3.
If C1 is 010, both C2 and C3 must be set to 000.

213
Timer and Counter Instructions Section 5-15

Description STIM(69) is used to control the interval timers by performing four basic func-
tions: starting the timer for a non-shot interrupt, starting the timer for scheduled
interrupts, stopping the timer, and reading the timer’s PV. Set the value of C1 to
specify which of these functions will be performed and which of the three interval
timers it will be performed on, as shown in the following table. Refer to 1-5-4,
1-6-4, and 1-7-2 for more detailed descriptions of using interval timer interrupts.
STIM(69) is also described in more detail after the table.
Function Timer C1 value Applicable PCs
Starting timers 0 000 CQM1/CPM1/
CPM1A/SRM1
1 001 CQM1 only
2 002
Starting scheduled interrupts 0 003 CQM1/CPM1/
CPM1A/SRM1
1 004 CQM1 only
2 005
Reading timer PV 0 006 CQM1/CPM1/
CPM1A/SRM1
1 007 CQM1 only
2 008
Stopping timers 0 010 CQM1/CPM1/
CPM1A/SRM1
1 011 CQM1 only
2 012

Note 1. In CQM1 PCs, interval timer 0 cannot be used when a pulse output is being
output by the SPED(64) instruction.
2. In CQM1 PCs, interval timer 2 cannot be used when high-speed counter 0
operation has been enabled in DM 6642 of the PC Setup.
Starting Interrupts Set C1=000 to 002 to start timers 0 to 2 to activate a one-shot interrupt. Set
C1=003 to 005 to start scheduled interrupts using timers 0 to 2.
C2, which specifies the timer’s SV, can be a constant or the first of two words
containing the SV. The settings are slightly different depending on the method
used.
If C2 is a constant, it specifies the initial value of the decrementing counter (BCD,
0000 to 9999). The decrementing time interval is 1 ms.
If C2 is a word address, C2 specifies the initial value of the decrementing counter
(BCD, 0000 to 9999), and C2+1 specifies the decrementing time interval (BCD,
0005 to 0320) in units of 0.1 ms. The decrementing time interval can thus be 0.5
to 32 ms.
C3 specifies subroutine number 0000 to 0255 (0000 to 0127 in the
CQM1-CPU11/21-E, 0000 to 0049 in the CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1 PCs).
Note The time required from interval timer start-up to time-up is:
(the content of C2) × (the content of C2+1) × 0.1 ms
Reading Timer PVs Set C1=006 to 008 to read the PVs of timers 0 to 2.
C2 specifies the first of two destination words that will receive the timer’s PV. C2
will receive the number of times the decrementing counter has been decrem-
ented (BCD, 0000 to 9999) and C2+1 will receive the decrementing time interval
(BCD in 0.1 ms units).
C3 specifies the destination word that will receive the time which has elapsed
since the last time the timer was decremented (BCD in 0.1 ms units).
(Must be equal to or less than the decrementing time interval set in C2+1.)
Note The time that has elapsed since the timer was started is computed as follows:
(Content of C2 × (Content of C2 + 1) + Content of C3) × 0.1 ms

214
Timer and Counter Instructions Section 5-15

Stopping Timers Set C1=010 to 012 to stop timers 0 to 2.

C2 and C3 have no function and should both be set to 000.

Flags ER: Interval timer 0 is started while a pulse output is operating.

(C1=000 only)
Interval timer 2 is started while the high-speed counter 0 is enabled
(C1=002 only)
Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is
not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
A data area boundary has been exceeded.

5-15-6 REGISTER COMPARISON TABLE – CTBL(63)

Ladder Symbols Operand Data Areas
P: Port specifier
CTBL(63) @CTBL(63)
000, 001, or 002
P P
C: Control data
C C
000 to 003
TB TB
TB: First comparison table word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

This instruction is not available for SRM1 PCs.

Limitations The first and last comparison table words must be in the same data area. (The
length of the comparison table varies according to the settings.)
In the CQM1-CPU43-EV1, CTBL(63) cannot be used if the PC Setup (DM 6611)
is set to pulse output mode.
In the CPM1/CPM1A PCs, P must be 000.
Description When the execution condition is OFF, CTBL(63) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, CTBL(63) registers a comparison table for use with
the high-speed counter PV. Depending on the value of C, comparison with the
high-speed counter PV can begin immediately or it can be started separately
with INI(61).
The port specifier (P) specifies the high-speed counter that will be used in the
comparison.
P Function Applicable PCs
000 Specifies high-speed counter 0. CQM1/CPM1/CPM1A
001 Specifies high-speed counter 1. CQM1 only
002 Specifies high-speed counter 2.
The function of CTBL(63) is determined by the control data, C, as shown in the
following table. These functions are described after the table.
C CTBL(63) function
000 Registers a target value comparison table and starts comparison.
001 Registers a range comparison table and starts comparison.
002 Registers a target value comparison table. Start comparison with INI(61).
003 Registers a range comparison table. Start comparison with INI(61).
When the PV agrees with a target value or falls within a specified range, the spe-
cified subroutine is called and executed. Refer to 1-5-5 High-speed Counter 0
Interrupts (CQM1 PCs) or 1-6-5 High-speed Counter Interrupts (CPM1/CPM1A
PCs) for more details on table comparison.

215
Timer and Counter Instructions Section 5-15

If the high-speed counter is enabled in the PC Setup (DM 6642), it will begin
counting from zero when the CQM1 begins operation. The PV will not be
compared to the comparison table until the table is registered and comparison is
initiated with INI(61) or CTBL(63). Comparison can be stopped and started, or
the PV can be reset with INI(61).
Once a comparison table has been registered, it is valid until the CQM1 is halted
or until a error occurs in attempting to register a new table. The differentiated
form of CTBL(63) is recommended when possible to reduce cycle time.
Target Value Comparison A target value comparison table contains up to sixteen target values. For the
CQM1-CPU4-EV1 CPU Units, up to 48 target values can be registered. A sub-
routine number is also registered for each target value. The corresponding sub-
routine is called and executed when the PV matches a target value. (When inter-
rupt processing is not required, an undefined subroutine number may be en-
tered.)
Target value comparisons are performed one item at a time in order of the com-
parison table. When the PV reaches the first target value in the table, the inter-
rupt subroutine is executed and comparison continues to the next value in the
table. When processing has been completed for the last target value in the table,
comparison returns to the first value in the table and the process is repeated.
The following diagram shows the structure of a target value comparison table for
use with high-speed counter 0, or high-speed counters 1 or 2 in linear mode.

TB Number of target values (BCD)

TB+1 Target value #1, lower 4 digits (BCD)
TB+2 Target value #1, upper 4 digits (BCD) One target value setting
TB+3 Subroutine number (See note.)

The following diagram shows the structure of a target value comparison table for
use with high-speed counters 1 or 2 in ring mode. Input the target values in as-
cending or descending order.
The ring value specifies the number of points in the ring and the maximum count
value (ring value = max. count value+1). Do not change the ring value while a
comparison is in progress.

TB Ring value, lower 4 digits (BCD)

Ring value setting
TB+1 Ring value, upper 4 digits (BCD)
TB+2 Number of target values (BCD)
TB+3 Target value #1, lower 4 digits (BCD)
TB+4 Target value #1, upper 4 digits (BCD) One target value setting
TB+5 Subroutine number (See note.)

The following diagram shows the structure of a target value comparison table for
use with absolute high-speed counters 1 and 2 (CQM1-CPU44-E/-EV1 only).
Input the target values in ascending or descending order.

TB Number of target values (BCD)

TB+1 Target value #1 (BCD)
One target value setting
TB+2 Subroutine number (See note.)

Note 1. The subroutine number can be 0000 to 0049 for CPM1/CPM1A PCs.
In CQM1 PCs, the subroutine number can be F000 to F255 (F000 to F127

216
Timer and Counter Instructions Section 5-15

for the CQM1-CPU11/21-E) to activate the subroutine when decrementing

and can be 0000 to 0255 (0000 to 0127 for the CQM1-CPU11/21-E) to acti-
vate the subroutine when incrementing.

2. Allow an interval of at least 0.2 ms for interrupt processing when setting the
target value for high-speed counters 1 and 2.

Target Value Comparison Operation

The following diagram illustrates the operation of target value comparisons for
target values 1 through 5 set consecutively in the comparison table.

Count
Interrupts

Initial
value

Target Target Target Target Target

1 2 3 4 5

As illustrated above, the current count is compared with each target value in the
order that they are registered in the target value comparison table. When the
count is the same as the current target value, an interrupt is generated, and com-
parison starts with the next target value. When all target values in the compari-
son table have been matched and interrupts for them generated, the target val-
ue is reset to the first target value in the table and the operation is repeated.

Range Comparison A range comparison table contains 8 ranges which are defined by an 8-digit low-
er limit and an 8-digit upper limit, as well as their corresponding subroutine num-
bers. The corresponding subroutine is called and executed when the PV falls
within a given range. (When interrupt processing is not required, an undefined
subroutine number may be entered.)

Always set 8 ranges. If fewer than 8 ranges are needed, set the remaining sub-
routine numbers to FFFF. If more than 8 ranges are needed, another compari-
son instruction such as BCMP(68) can be used to compare ranges with the high-
speed counter PVs in IR 230 through IR 235 (SR 248 and SR 249 in
CPM1/CPM1A PCs). Bear in mind that these words are refreshed just once
each cycle.

There are flags in the AR area which indicate when a high-speed counter’s PV
falls within one or more of the 8 ranges. The flags turn ON when a PV is within the
corresponding range.

Counter AR area flags

High-speed counter 0 AR 1100 to AR 1107 correspond to ranges 1 to 8.
High-speed counter 1 AR 0500 to AR 0507 correspond to ranges 1 to 8.
High-speed counter 2 AR 0600 to AR 0607 correspond to ranges 1 to 8.

Note CPM1/CPM1A PCs are equipped with high-speed counter 0 only.

217
Timer and Counter Instructions Section 5-15

The following diagram shows the structure of a range comparison table for use
with high-speed counter 0, or high-speed counters 1 or 2 in linear mode.
TB Lower limit #1, lower 4 digits (BCD)
TB+1 Lower limit #1, upper 4 digits (BCD)
TB+2 Upper limit #1, lower 4 digits (BCD) First range setting
TB+3 Upper limit #1, upper 4 digits (BCD)
TB+4 Subroutine number (See note 1.)

TB+35 Lower limit #8, lower 4 digits (BCD)

TB+36 Lower limit #8, upper 4 digits (BCD)
TB+37 Upper limit #8, lower 4 digits (BCD) Eighth range setting
TB+38 Upper limit #8, upper 4 digits (BCD)
TB+39 Subroutine number (See note 1.)

The following diagram shows the structure of a range comparison table for use
with high-speed counters 1 or 2 in ring mode (CQM1 only). The ring value speci-
fies the number of points in the ring and the maximum count value (ring value =
max. count value+1). Do not change the ring value while a comparison is in prog-
ress.

TB Ring value, lower 4 digits (BCD)

Ring value setting
TB+1 Ring value, upper 4 digits (BCD)
TB+3 Lower limit #1, lower 4 digits (BCD)
TB+4 Lower limit #1, upper 4 digits (BCD)
TB+5 Upper limit #1, lower 4 digits (BCD) First range setting
TB+6 Upper limit #1, upper 4 digits (BCD)
TB+7 Subroutine number (See note 1.)

TB+37 Lower limit #8, lower 4 digits (BCD)

TB+38 Lower limit #8, upper 4 digits (BCD)
TB+39 Upper limit #8, lower 4 digits (BCD) Eighth range setting
TB+40 Upper limit #8, upper 4 digits (BCD)
TB+41 Subroutine number (See note 1.)

The following diagram shows the structure of a range comparison table for use
with absolute high-speed counters 1 and 2 (CQM1-CPU44-E/-EV1 only).
TB Lower limit #1(BCD)
TB+2 Upper limit #1 (BCD) First range setting
TB+4 Subroutine number (See note 2.)

TB+21 Lower limit #8 (BCD)

TB+22 Upper limit #8 (BCD) Eighth range setting
TB+23 Subroutine number (See note 2.)

Note 1. The subroutine number can be 0000 to 0255 (0000 to 0127 for the
CQM1-CPU11/21-E, 0000 to 0049 for the CPM1/CPM1A) and the subrou-
tine will be executed as long as the counter’s PV is within the specified
range. A value of FFFF indicates that no subroutine is to be executed.
2. The subroutine number can be 0000 to 0255 (0000 to 0127 for the
CQM1-CPU11/21-E, 0000 to 0049 for the CPM1/CPM1A) to activate the
subroutine when incrementing.
3. Allow a time interval of at least 2 ms between the lower and upper limits (up-
per limit – lower limit > 0.002 × input pulse frequency) in range comparisons
with high-speed counters 1 and 2.

218
Timer and Counter Instructions Section 5-15

The following table shows the possible values for target values, lower limit val-
ues, and upper limit values. The hexadecimal value F in the most significant digit
of indicates that the value is negative.
Counter Possible values
High-speed counter 0 Up/Down mode: F003 2767 to 0003 2767
Incrementing mode: 0000 0000 to 0006 5535
High-speed counters 1 and 2 Linear mode: F838 8607 to 0838 8607
Ring mode: 0000 0000 to 0006 4999
Absolute high-speed counters 1 BCD mode: 0000 to 4095
and 2 360° mode: 0000 to 0355 (5° units)
In 360° mode the absolute high-speed counter’s angular values are internally
converted to binary values. The binary value after conversion depends on the
resolution selected in the PC Setup (DM 6643 and/or DM 6644). The following
table shows the converted values for 5° to 45°.
Resolution Converted value
5° 10° 15° 20° 25° 30° 35° 40° 45°
8-bit (0 to 255) 4 7 11 14 18 21 25 28 32
10-bit (0 to 1023) 14 28 43 57 71 85 100 114 128
12-bit (0 to 4095) 57 114 171 228 284 341 398 455 512

For higher values, find the converted value to the nearest 45° and add the re-
mainder from the table. For example, to convert 145° into 8-bit resolution:
32×3 (for 135°) + 7 (for 10°) = 103.

! Caution With 10-bit and 12-bit resolution, interrupt processing might not be triggered
when the angular value matches the comparison value because the converted
values do not match exactly.

Range Comparison Operation

The following diagram illustrates the operation of range comparisons for range
settings 1 through 4 set consecutively in the comparison table.
0
Count

Range Range
1 3
Range Range
2 4

As illustrated above, the current count is compared against all the comparison
ranges at the same time and the result for each range is output.

Flags ER: There is an error in the high-speed counter’s settings.

The specified port and function are not compatible.
There is a CTBL(63) instruction in the subroutine called by another
CTBL(63) instruction.
A CTBL(63) instruction using a different comparison format is executed
during comparison.
Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is
not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
The comparison table exceeds the data area boundary, or there is an
error in the comparison table settings.
CTBL(63) is executed in an interrupt subroutine while a pulse I/O or
high-speed counter instruction is being executed in the main program.

219
Timer and Counter Instructions Section 5-15

AR 05: Flags AR 0500 to AR 0507 are turned ON to indicate when the PV of

high-speed counter 1 is in ranges 1 to 8.
AR 06: Flags AR 0600 to AR 0607 are turned ON to indicate when the PV of
high-speed counter 2 is in ranges 1 to 8.
AR 11: Flags AR 1100 to AR 1107 are turned ON to indicate when the PV of
high-speed counter 0 is in ranges 1 to 8.
Subroutines are executed only once when the execution conditions are first met.
AR status is refreshed only once per cycle. If conditions are met for more than
one item in the table at the same time, the first item in the table takes priority.

5-15-7 MODE CONTROL – INI(61)

Ladder Symbols Operand Data Areas
P: Port specifier
INI(61) @INI(61)
000, 001, or 002
P P
C: Control data
C C
000 to 003
P1 P1
P1: First PV word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

This instruction is not available for SRM1 PCs.

Limitations In the CPM1/CPM1A PCs, P must be 000 and C must be 000 to 003.
In CQM1 PCs, P must be 000, 001, or 002 and C must be 000 to 003.
P1 must be 000 unless C is 002.
P1 and P1+1 must be in the same data area.
DM 6143 to DM 6655 cannot be used for P1.
Description When the execution condition is OFF, INI(61) is not executed. When the execu-
tion condition is ON, INI(61) is used to control high-speed counter operation and
stop pulse output.
The port specifier (P) specifies the high-speed counter or pulse output that will
be controlled.
P Function
000 Specifies high-speed counter 0 or a pulse output from a bit.
001 Specifies high-speed counter 1 or a pulse output from port 1.
002 Specifies high-speed counter 2 or a pulse output from port 2.

Note CPM1/CPM1A PCs are equipped with high-speed counter 0 only.

The function of INI(61) is determined by the control data, C. (P1 and P1+1 con-
tain the new high-speed counter PV when changing the PV.)
C P1 INI(61) function
000 000 Starts CTBL(63) table comparison.
001 000 Stops CTBL(63) table comparison.
002 New high-speed counter PV Changes high-speed counter PV.
003 000 Stops pulse output.

CTBL(63) Table Comparison If C is 000 or 001, INI(61) starts or stops comparison of the high-speed counter’s
PV to the comparison table registered with CTBL(63). Refer to 1-5-5 High-speed
Counter 0 Interrupts (CQM1 PCs) or 1-6-5 High-speed Counter Interrupts
(CPM1/CPM1A PCs) for details on table comparison.

220
Timer and Counter Instructions Section 5-15

PV Change If C is 002, INI(61) changes the high-speed counter’s PV to the 8-digit value in P1
and P1+1.
With high-speed counter 0, the PV can be F003 2767 to 0003 2767 in Up/Down
Mode, or 0000 0000 to 0006 5535 in Incremental Mode. The hexadecimal value
F in the most significant digit of PV indicates that PV is negative.
Leftmost 4 digits Rightmost 4 digits Up/Down Mode Incrementing Mode
P1+1 P1 F0032767 to 00032767 00000000 to 00065535

With high-speed counters 1 and 2 (CQM1 only), the PV can be F838 8607 to
0838 8607 in Linear Mode, or 0000 0000 to 0006 4999 in Ring Mode.
The hexadecimal value F in the most significant digit of PV indicates that PV is
negative.
Leftmost 4 digits Rightmost 4 digits Linear Mode Ring Mode
P1+1 P1 F8388607 to 08388607 00000000 to 00064999
(–8,388,607 to 8,388,607)

Note The PV of absolute high-speed counters 1 and 2 (CQM1-CPU44-E/-EV1 only)

cannot be changed.

Stop Pulse Output If C is 003, INI(61) stops pulse output. Refer to 1-3 Pulse Output Functions
(CQM1 Only) and 1-4 Pulse Output Function (CPM1A Only) for details on pulse
output.

Flags ER: The specified port and function are not compatible.
Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is
not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
P1+1 exceeds the data area boundary. (C=002)
There is an error in the operand settings.
INI(61) is executed in an interrupt subroutine while a pulse I/O or high-
speed counter instruction is being executed in the main program.

5-15-8 HIGH-SPEED COUNTER PV READ – PRV(62)

Ladder Symbols Operand Data Areas

P: Port specifier
PRV(62) @PRV(62)
000, 001, or 002
P P
C: Control data
C C
000, 001, or 002
D D
D: First destination word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

This instruction is not available for SRM1 PCs.

Limitations In the CPM1/CPM1A PCs, P and C must be 000.
In CQM1 PCs, P and C must be 000, 001, or 002.
D and D+1 must be in the same data area.
DM 6143 to DM 6655 cannot be used for D.
Description When the execution condition is OFF, PRV(62) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, PRV(62) reads data specified by P and C and writes it
to D or D and D+1.

221
Timer and Counter Instructions Section 5-15

The port specifier (P) specifies the high-speed counter or pulse output.
P Function
000 Specifies high-speed counter 0 or a pulse output from a bit.
001 Specifies high-speed counter 1 or a pulse output from port 1.
002 Specifies high-speed counter 2 or a pulse output from port 2.

Note CPM1/CPM1A PCs are equipped with high-speed counter 0 only.

The control data, C, determines which type of data will be accessed.
C Data Destination word(s)
000 High-speed counter PV D and D+1
001 Status of high-speed counter or pulse output D
002 Range comparison results D

High-speed Counter PV If C is 000, PRV(62) reads the specified high-speed counter’s PV and writes the
(C=000) 8-digit value in D and D+1.
With high-speed counter 0, the PV can be F003 2767 to 0003 2767 in Up/Down
Mode, or 0000 0000 to 0006 5535 in Incremental Mode. The hexadecimal value
F in the most significant digit of PV indicates that the PV is negative.
Leftmost 4 digits Rightmost 4 digits Up/Down Mode Incrementing Mode
D+1 D F0032767 to 00032767 00000000 to 00065535

With high-speed counters 1 and 2 (CQM1 only), the PV can be F838 8607 to
0838 8607 in Linear Mode, or 0000 0000 to 0006 4999 in Ring Mode. The hexa-
decimal value F in the most significant digit of PV indicates that the PV is nega-
tive.
Leftmost 4 digits Rightmost 4 digits Linear Mode Ring Mode
D+1 D F8388607 to 08388607 00000000 to 00064999
(–8,388,607 to 8,388,607)

With absolute high-speed counters 1 and 2, the PV can be 0000 0000 to

0000 4095 in BCD Mode, or 0000 0000 to 0000 0359 in 360 Mode.
Leftmost 4 digits Rightmost 4 digits BCD Mode 360 Mode
D+1 D 0000 0000 to 0000 4095 0000 0000 to 0000 0359

High-speed Counter or If C is 001 (CQM1 only), PRV(62) reads the operating status of the specified
Pulse Output Status high-speed counter or pulse output and writes the data to D. Refer to 1-3-5 De-
(C=001) termining the Status of Ports 1 and 2 for details on determining the status of
pulse outputs.
The following table shows the function of bits in D for high-speed counters 1 and
2, and pulse outputs from ports 1 and 2 (CQM1-CPU43-E/-EV1 only). Bits not
listed in the table are not used and will always be 0.
Bit Function
00 High-speed counter comparison status. (0: Stopped; 1: Comparing)
01 High-speed counter underflow/overflow.
(0: Normal; 1: Underflow/Overflow occurred.)
04 Deceleration of pulse frequency. (0: Not specified; 1: Specified.)
05 Total number of pulses specified. (0: Not specified; 1: Specified.)
06 Pulse output completed. (0: Not completed; 1: Completed)
07 Pulse output status (0: Stopped; 1: Outputting)

For absolute high-speed counters 1 and 2 (CQM1-CPU44-E/-EV1 only), Bit 00

of D indicates the comparison status (0: Stopped; 1: Comparing). The other bits
in D (01 through 15) are not used and will always be 0.

222
Timer and Counter Instructions Section 5-15

Note These flags are in AR 05 and AR 06, but those words are normally refreshed only
once each cycle, so the data obtained with PRV(62) will be more up-to-date.

Range Comparison Results If C is 002 (CQM1 only), PRV(62) reads the results of the comparison of the PV
(C=002) to the 8 ranges defined by CTBL(63) and writes this data to D. Bits 00 through 07
of D contain the Comparison Result flags for ranges 1 to 8. (0: Not in range; 1: In
range)
Note These flags are in AR 05 and AR 06, but those words are normally refreshed only
once each cycle, so the data obtained with PRV(62) will be more up-to-date.

Flags ER: The specified port and function are not compatible.
Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is
not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
D+1 exceeds the data area boundary. (C=000)
There is an error in the operand settings.
PRV(62) is executed in an interrupt subroutine while a pulse I/O or high-
speed counter instruction is being executed in the main program.

223
Shift Instructions Section 5-16

5-16 Shift Instructions

5-16-1 SHIFT REGISTER – SFT(10)

Ladder Symbol Operand Data Areas

I St: Starting word
SFT(10)
P IR, SR, AR, HR, LR
St

R E: End word
E

IR, SR, AR, HR, LR

Limitations E must be greater than or equal to St, and St and E must be in the same data
area.
If a bit address in one of the words used in a shift register is also used in an
instruction that controls individual bit status (e.g., OUT, KEEP(11)), an error
(“COIL/OUT DUPL”) will be generated when program syntax is checked on the
Programming Console or another Programming Device. The program, howev-
er, will be executed as written. See Example 2: Controlling Bits in Shift Registers
for a programming example that does this.

Description SFT(10) is controlled by three execution conditions, I, P, and R. If SFT(10) is

executed and 1) execution condition P is ON and was OFF the last execution,
and 2) R is OFF, then execution condition I is shifted into the rightmost bit of a
shift register defined between St and E, i.e., if I is ON, a 1 is shifted into the regis-
ter; if I is OFF, a 0 is shifted in. When I is shifted into the register, all bits previously
in the register are shifted to the left and the leftmost bit of the register is lost.

E St+1, St+2, ... St

Lost data
Execution condition I

The execution condition on P functions like a differentiated instruction, i.e., I will

be shifted into the register only when P is ON and was OFF the last time SFT(10)
was executed. If execution condition P has not changed or has gone from ON to
OFF, the shift register will remain unaffected.
St designates the rightmost word of the shift register; E designates the leftmost.
The shift register includes both of these words and all words between them. The
same word may be designated for St and E to create a 16-bit (i.e., 1-word) shift
register.
When execution condition R goes ON, all bits in the shift register will be turned
OFF (i.e., set to 0) and the shift register will not operate until R goes OFF again.

Flags There are no flags affected by SFT(10).

224
Shift Instructions Section 5-16

Example The following example uses the 1-second clock pulse bit (25502) so that the
execution condition produced by 00000 is shifted into IR 010 every second. Out-
put 10000 is turned ON whenever a “1” is shifted into 01007.
00000
I Address Instruction Operands
SFT(10)
25502 00000 LD 00000
P
010 00001 LD 25502
00001 00002 LD 00001
R
010
00003 SFT(10) 010
010
00004 LD 01007
01007
00005 OUT 10000
10000

5-16-2 WORD SHIFT – WSFT(16)

Ladder Symbols Operand Data Areas

St: Starting word
WSFT(16) @WSFT(16)
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR
St St
E: End word
E E
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations St and E must be in the same data area, and E must be greater than or equal to
St.
DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for St or E.
Description When the execution condition is OFF, WSFT(16) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, WSFT(16) shifts data between St and E in word units.
Zeros are written into St and the content of E is lost.
E St + 1 St
F 0 C 2 3 4 5 2 1 0 2 9

Lost
0000
E St + 1 St
3 4 5 2 1 0 2 9 0 0 0 0

Flags ER: The St and E words are in different areas, or St is greater than E.
Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is
not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

5-16-3 ARITHMETIC SHIFT LEFT – ASL(25)

Ladder Symbols Operand Data Areas

Wd: Shift word

ASL(25) @ASL(25)
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR
Wd Wd

Limitations DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for Wd.

225
Shift Instructions Section 5-16

Description When the execution condition is OFF, ASL(25) is not executed. When the execu-
tion condition is ON, ASL(25) shifts a 0 into bit 00 of Wd, shifts the bits of Wd one
bit to the left, and shifts the status of bit 15 into CY.
Bit Bit
CY 15 00
1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1
0

Precautions A 0 will be shifted into bit 00 every cycle if the undifferentiated form of ASL(25) is
used. Use the differentiated form (@ASL(25)) or combine ASL(25) with
DIFU(13) or DIFD(14) to shift just one time.

Flags ER: Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
CY: Receives the status of bit 15.
EQ: ON when the content of Wd is zero; otherwise OFF.

5-16-4 ARITHMETIC SHIFT RIGHT – ASR(26)

Ladder Symbols Operand Data Areas

Wd: Shift word

ASR(26) @ASR(26)
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR
Wd Wd

Limitations DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for Wd.

Description When the execution condition is OFF, ASR(25) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, ASR(25) shifts a 0 into bit 15 of Wd, shifts the bits of
Wd one bit to the right, and shifts the status of bit 00 into CY.
Bit Bit
15 00 CY
1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0
0

Precautions A 0 will be shifted into bit 15 every cycle if the undifferentiated form of ASR(26) is
used. Use the differentiated form (@ASR(26)) or combine ASR(26) with
DIFU(13) or DIFD(14) to shift just one time.

Flags ER: Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
CY: Receives the data of bit 00.
EQ: ON when the content of Wd is zero; otherwise OFF.

5-16-5 ROTATE LEFT – ROL(27)

Ladder Symbols Operand Data Areas

Wd: Rotate word

ROL(27) @ROL(27)
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR
Wd Wd

Limitations DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for Wd.

226
Shift Instructions Section 5-16

Description When the execution condition is OFF, ROL(27) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, ROL(27) shifts all Wd bits one bit to the left, shifting
CY into bit 00 of Wd and shifting bit 15 of Wd into CY.

Bit Bit
CY 15 00
0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1

Precautions Use STC(41) to set the status of CY or CLC(41) to clear the status of CY before
doing a rotate operation to ensure that CY contains the proper status before
executing ROL(27).
CY will be shifted into bit 00 every cycle if the undifferentiated form of ROL(27) is
used. Use the differentiated form (@ROL(27)) or combine ROL(27) with
DIFU(13) or DIFD(14) to shift just one time.

Flags ER: Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
CY: Receives the data of bit 15.
EQ: ON when the content of Wd is zero; otherwise OFF.

5-16-6 ROTATE RIGHT – ROR(28)

Ladder Symbols Operand Data Areas

Wd: Rotate word

ROR(28) @ROR(28)
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR
Wd Wd

Limitations DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for Wd.

Description When the execution condition is OFF, ROR(28) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, ROR(28) shifts all Wd bits one bit to the right, shifting
CY into bit 15 of Wd and shifting bit 00 of Wd into CY.

Bit Bit
CY 15 00
0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1

Precautions Use STC(41) to set the status of CY or CLC(41) to clear the status of CY before
doing a rotate operation to ensure that CY contains the proper status before
execution ROR(28).
CY will be shifted into bit 15 every cycle if the undifferentiated form of ROR(28) is
used. Use the differentiated form (@ROR(28)) or combine ROR(28) with
DIFU(13) or DIFD(14) to shift just one time.

Flags ER: Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
CY: Receives the data of bit 00.
EQ: ON when the content of Wd is zero; otherwise OFF.

227
Shift Instructions Section 5-16

5-16-7 ONE DIGIT SHIFT LEFT – SLD(74)

Ladder Symbols Operand Data Areas

St: Starting word
SLD(74) @SLD(74)
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR
St St
E: End word
E E
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations St and E must be in the same data area, and E must be greater than or equal to
St.
DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for St or E.

Description When the execution condition is OFF, SLD(74) is not executed. When the execu-
tion condition is ON, SLD(74) shifts data between St and E (inclusive) by one
digit (four bits) to the left. 0 is written into the rightmost digit of the St, and the
content of the leftmost digit of E is lost.

E ... St
8 F C 5 D 7 9 1

Lost data 0

Precautions If a power failure occurs during a shift operation across more than 50 words, the
shift operation might not be completed.
A 0 will be shifted into the least significant digit of St every cycle if the undifferen-
tiated form of SLD(74) is used. Use the differentiated form (@SLD(74)) or com-
bine SLD(74) with DIFU(13) or DIFD(14) to shift just one time.

Flags ER: The St and E words are in different areas, or St is greater than E.
Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is
not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

5-16-8 ONE DIGIT SHIFT RIGHT – SRD(75)

Ladder Symbols Operand Data Areas

E: End word
SRD(75) @SRD(75)
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR
E E
St: Starting word
St St
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations St and E must be in the same data area, and E must be less than or equal to St.
DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for St or E.

228
Shift Instructions Section 5-16

Description When the execution condition is OFF, SRD(75) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, SRD(75) shifts data between St and E (inclusive) by
one digit (four bits) to the right. 0 is written into the leftmost digit of St and the
rightmost digit of E is lost.

St E
...
3 4 5 2 F 8 C 1

0 Lost data

Precautions If a power failure occurs during a shift operation across more than 50 words, the
shift operation might not be completed.
A 0 will be shifted into the most significant digit of St every cycle if the undifferen-
tiated form of SRD(75) is used. Use the differentiated form (@SRD(75)) or com-
bine SRD(75) with DIFU(13) or DIFD(14) to shift just one time.

Flags ER: The St and E words are in different areas, or St is less than E.
Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is
not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

5-16-9 REVERSIBLE SHIFT REGISTER – SFTR(84)

Operand Data Areas

Ladder Symbols C: Control word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

SFTR(84) @SFTR(84)
St: Starting word
C C
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR
St St
E: End word
E E
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations St and E must be in the same data area and St must be less than or equal
to E.
DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for C, St, or E.

Description SFTR(84) is used to create a single- or multiple-word shift register that can shift
data to either the right or the left. To create a single-word register, designate the
same word for St and E. The control word provides the shift direction, the status
to be put into the register, the shift pulse, and the reset input. The control word is
allocated as follows:

15 14 13 12 Not used.

Shift direction
1 (ON): Left (LSB to MSB)
0 (OFF): Right (MSB to LSB)

Status to input into register

Shift pulse bit

Reset

229
Shift Instructions Section 5-16

The data in the shift register will be shifted one bit in the direction indicated by bit
12, shifting one bit out to CY and the status of bit 13 into the other end whenever
SFTR(84) is executed with an ON execution condition as long as the reset bit is
OFF and as long as bit 14 is ON. If SFTR(84) is executed with an OFF execution
condition or if SFTR(84) is executed with bit 14 OFF, the shift register will remain
unchanged. If SFTR(84) is executed with an ON execution condition and the re-
set bit (bit 15) is OFF, the entire shift register and CY will be set to zero.

Flags ER: St and E are not in the same data area or ST is greater than E.
Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is
not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
CY: Receives the status of bit 00 of St or bit 15 of E, depending on the shift
direction.
Example In the following example, IR 00000, IR 00001, IR 00002, and IR 00003 are used
to control the bits of C used in @SFTR(84). The shift register is in DM 0010, and
it is controlled through IR 00004.

00000
Address Instruction Operands
03512 Direction
00000 LD 00000
00001 OUT 03512
00001 00002 LD 00001
03513 Status to input 00003 OUT 03513
00004 LD 00002
00005 OUT 03514
00002
Shift pulse
00006 LD 00003
03514
00007 OUT 03515
00008 LD 00004
00003 00009 @SFT(10)
03515 Reset 035
DM 0010
00004 DM 0010
@SFTR(84)
035
DM 0010

DM 0010

5-16-10 ASYNCHRONOUS SHIFT REGISTER – ASFT(17)

Operand Data Areas

C: Control word
Ladder Symbols
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR, #
ASFT(17) @ASFT(17) St: Starting word
C C IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR
St St
E: End word
E E IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Note ASFT(17) is an expansion instruction for the SRM1. The function code 17 is the
factory setting and can be changed for the SRM1 if desired.
Limitations St and E must be in the same data area, and E must be greater than or equal to
St.
DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for St or E.

230
Shift Instructions Section 5-16

Description When the execution condition is OFF, ASFT(17) does nothing and the program
moves to the next instruction. When the execution condition is ON, ASFT(17) is
used to create and control a reversible asynchronous word shift register be-
tween St and E. This register only shifts words when the next word in the register
is zero, e.g., if no words in the register contain zero, nothing is shifted. Also, only
one word is shifted for each word in the register that contains zero. When the
contents of a word are shifted to the next word, the original word’s contents are
set to zero. In essence, when the register is shifted, each zero word in the regis-
ter trades places with the next word. (See Example below.)
The shift direction (i.e. whether the “next word” is the next higher or the next low-
er word) is designated in C. C is also used to reset the register. All of any portion
of the register can be reset by designating the desired portion with St and E.
Control Word Bits 00 through 12 of C are not used. Bit 13 is the shift direction: turn bit 13 ON to
shift down (toward lower addressed words) and OFF to shift up (toward higher
addressed words). Bit 14 is the Shift Enable Bit: turn bit 14 ON to enable shift
register operation according to bit 13 and OFF to disable the register. Bit 15 is the
Reset bit: the register will be reset (set to zero) between St and E when
ASFT(17) is executed with bit 15 ON. Turn bit 15 OFF for normal operation.
Note If the non-differentiated form of ASFT(17) is used, data will be shifted every cycle
while the execution condition is ON. Use the differentiated form to prevent this.

Flags ER: The St and E words are in different areas, or St is greater than E.
Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is
not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

Example The following example shows instruction ASFT(17) used to shift words in an
11-word shift register created between DM 0100 and DM 0110 with C=#6000.
Non-zero data is shifted towards St (DM 0110).

00000
Address Instruction Operands
ASFT(17)
#6000 00000 LD 00000
DM 0100
00001 ASFT(17)
DM 0110
# 6000
DM 0100
DM 0110

Before After one After seven

execution execution executions

DM 0100 1234 1234 1234

DM 0101 0000 0000 2345
DM 0102 0000 2345 3456
DM 0103 2345 0000 4567
DM 0104 3456 3456 5678
DM 0105 0000 4567 6789
DM 0106 4567 0000 789A
DM 0107 5678 5678 0000
DM 0108 6789 6789 0000
DM 0109 0000 789A 0000
DM 0110 789A 0000 0000

Note The zeroes are shifted “upward” if C=4000, and the entire shift register is set to
zero if C=8000.

231
Data Movement Instructions Section 5-17

5-17 Data Movement Instructions

5-17-1 MOVE – MOV(21)
Ladder Symbols Operand Data Areas
S: Source word
MOV(21) @MOV(21)
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #
S S
D: Destination word
D D
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for D.

Description When the execution condition is OFF, MOV(21) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, MOV(21) copies the content of S to D.

Source word Destination word

Bit status
not changed.

Precautions TC numbers cannot be designated as D to change the PV of the timer or counter.

You can, however, easily change the PV of a timer or a counter by using
BSET(71).

Flags ER: Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
EQ: ON when all zeros are transferred to D.
Example The following example shows @MOV(21) being used to copy the content of
IR 001 to HR 05 when IR 00000 goes from OFF to ON.
00000
@MOV(21)
Address Instruction Operands
001 00000 LD 00000
HR 05 00001 @MOV(21)
001
HR 05

IR 000 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1

HR 05 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1

5-17-2 MOVE NOT – MVN(22)

Ladder Symbols Operand Data Areas
S: Source word
MVN(22) @MVN(22)
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #
S S
D: Destination word
D D
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for D.

232
Data Movement Instructions Section 5-17

Description When the execution condition is OFF, MVN(22) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, MVN(22) transfers the inverted content of S (speci-
fied word or four-digit hexadecimal constant) to D, i.e., for each ON bit in S, the
corresponding bit in D is turned OFF, and for each OFF bit in S, the correspond-
ing bit in D is turned ON.

Source word Destination word

Bit status
inverted.

Precautions TC numbers cannot be designated as D to change the PV of the timer or counter.

However, these can be easily changed using BSET(71).

Flags ER: Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
EQ: ON when all zeros are transferred to D.

Example The following example shows @MVN(22) being used to copy the complement of
#F8C5 to DM 0010 when IR 00001 goes from OFF to ON.

00001
@MVN(22)
Address Instruction Operands
#F8C5 00000 LD 00001
DM 0010 00001 @MOV(21)
# F8C5
DM 0010

#F8C5 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1

DM 0010 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0

5-17-3 BLOCK TRANSFER – XFER(70)

Operand Data Areas

Ladder Symbols N: Number of words (BCD)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

XFER(70) @XFER(70)
S: Starting source word
N N
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR
S S
D: Starting destination word
D D
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR

Limitations S and S+N must be in the same data area, as must D and D+N.
DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for D.

233
Data Movement Instructions Section 5-17

Description When the execution condition is OFF, XFER(70) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, XFER(70) copies the contents of S, S+1, ..., S+N to
D, D+1, ..., D+N.
S D
3 4 5 2 3 4 5 2

S+1 D+1
3 4 5 1 3 4 5 1

S+2 D+2
3 4 2 2 3 4 2 2

S+N D+N
6 4 5 2 6 4 5 2

Flags ER: N is not BCD

S and S+N or D and D+N are not in the same data area.
Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is
not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

5-17-4 BLOCK SET – BSET(71)

Operand Data Areas

Ladder Symbols S: Source data

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

BSET(71) @BSET(71)
St: Starting word
S S
IR, SR AR, DM, HR, TC, LR
St St
E: End Word
E E
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR

Limitations St must be less than or equal to E, and St and E must be in the same data area.
DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for St or E.
Description When the execution condition is OFF, BSET(71) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, BSET(71) copies the content of S to all words from St
through E.
S St
3 4 5 2 3 4 5 2

St+1
3 4 5 2

St+2
3 4 5 2

E
3 4 5 2

BSET(71) can be used to change timer/counter PV. (This cannot be done with
MOV(21) or MVN(22).) BSET(71) can also be used to clear sections of a data
area, i.e., the DM area, to prepare for executing other instructions. It can also be
used to clear words by transferring all zeros.

234
Data Movement Instructions Section 5-17

Flags ER: St and E are not in the same data area or St is greater than E.
Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is
not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

Example The following example shows how to use BSET(71) to copy a constant (#0000)
to a block of the DM area (DM 0000 to DM 0500) when IR 00000 is ON.

00000 Address Instruction Operands

@BSET(71)
00000 LD 00000
#0000
00001 @BSET(71)
DM 0000
# 0000
DM 0500
DM 0000
DM 0500

5-17-5 DATA EXCHANGE – XCHG(73)

Ladder Symbols Operand Data Areas
E1: Exchange word 1
XCHG(73) @XCHG(73)
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR
E1 E1
E2: Exchange word 2
E2 E2
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR

Limitations DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for E1 or E2.

Description When the execution condition is OFF, XCHG(73) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, XCHG(73) exchanges the content of E1 and E2.

E1 E2

If you want to exchange content of blocks whose size is greater than 1 word, use
work words as an intermediate buffer to hold one of the blocks using XFER(70)
three times.

Flags ER: Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

5-17-6 SINGLE WORD DISTRIBUTE – DIST(80)

Operand Data Areas

Ladder Symbols S: Source data

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

DIST(80) @DIST(80)
DBs: Destination base word
S S
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR
DBs DBs
C: Control word (BCD)
C C
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

Limitations C must be BCD.

DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for DBs or C.

235
Data Movement Instructions Section 5-17

Description DIST(80) can be used for single-word distribution or for a stack operation de-
pending on the content of the control word, C.
Single-word Distribution When bits 12 to 15 of C=0 to 8, DIST(80) can be used for a single word distribute
operation. The entire contents of C specifies an offset, Of.
When the execution condition is OFF, DIST(80) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, DIST(80) copies the content of S to DBs+Of, i.e., Of is
added to DBs to determine the destination word.
Note DBs and DBs+Of must be in the same data area and cannot be between
DM 6144 and DM 6655.

Example
The following example shows how to use DIST(80) to copy #00FF to HR 10 + Of.
The content of LR 10 is #3005, so #00FF is copied to HR 15 (HR 10 + 5) when IR
00000 is ON.

00000 Address Instruction Operands

@DIST(80)
00000 LD 00000
#00FF
00001 @DIST(80)
HR 10
# 00FF
LR 10
HR 10
LR 10

LR 10 #00FF HR 10
3 0 0 5 0 0 F F 0 0 0 0

HR 15
0 0 F F

Stack Operation When bits 12 to 15 of C=9, DIST(80) can be used for a stack operation. The other
3 digits of C specify the number of words in the stack (000 to 999). The content of
DBs is the stack pointer.
When the execution condition is OFF, DIST(80) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, DIST(80) copies the content of S to DBs+1+the con-
tent of DBs. In other words, 1 and the content of DBs are added to DBs to deter-
mine the destination word. The content of DBs is then incremented by 1.
Note 1. DIST(80) will be executed every cycle unless the differentiated form
(@DIST(80)) is used or DIST(80) is used with DIFU(13) or DIFD(14).
2. Be sure to initialize the stack pointer before using DIST(80) as a stack op-
eration.

236
Data Movement Instructions Section 5-17

Example
The following example shows how to use DIST(80) to create a stack between
DM 0001 and DM 0005. DM 0000 acts as the stack pointer.

00000 Address Instruction Operands

@DIST(80)
00000 LD 00000
001
00001 @DIST(80)
DM 0000
001
216
DM 0000
216

IR 001 FFFF

IR 216 9005

DM 0000 0000 DM 0000 0001 DM 0000 0002

First execution Second
DM 0001 0000 DM 0001 FFFF execution DM 0001 FFFF
DM 0002 0000 DM 0002 0000 DM 0002 FFFF
DM 0003 0000 Stack pointer DM 0003 0000 DM 0003 0000
incremented Stack pointer
DM 0004 0000 DM 0004 0000 incremented DM 0004 0000
DM 0005 0000 DM 0005 0000 DM 0005 0000

Flags ER: The offset or stack length in the control word is not BCD.
Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is
not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
During stack operation, the value of the stack pointer+1 exceeds the
length of the stack.
EQ: ON when the content of S is zero; otherwise OFF.

5-17-7 DATA COLLECT – COLL(81)

Operand Data Areas

Ladder Symbols SBs: Source base word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR

COLL(81) @COLL(81)
C: Control word (BCD)
SBs SBs
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #
C C
D: Destination word
D D
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR

Limitations C must be BCD.

DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for D.
Description COLL(81) can be used for data collection, an FIFO stack operation, or an LIFO
stack operation depending on the content of the control word, C.
Data Collection When bits 12 to 15 of C=0 to 7, COLL(81) is used for data collection. The entire
contents of C specifies an offset, Of.
When the execution condition is OFF, COLL(81) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, COLL(81) copies the content of SBs + Of to D, i.e., Of
is added to SBs to determine the source word.
Note SBs and SBs+Of must be in the same data area.

237
Data Movement Instructions Section 5-17

Example
The following example shows how to use COLL(81) to copy the content of
DM 0000+Of to IR 001. The content of 010 is #0005, so the content of DM 0005
(DM 0000 + 5) is copied to IR 001 when IR 00001 is ON.

00001 Address Instruction Operands

@COLL(81)
00000 LD 00001
DM 0000
00001 @DIST(80)
010
DM 0000
001
010
001

010 DM 0000 001

0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 F F

DM 0005
0 0 F F

FIFO Stack Operation When bits 12 to 15 of C=9, COLL(81) can be used for an FIFO stack operation.
The other 3 digits of C specify the number of words in the stack (000 to 999). The
content of SBs is the stack pointer.
When the execution condition is ON, COLL(81) shifts the contents of each word
within the stack down by one address, finally shifting the data from SBs+1 (the
first value written to the stack) to the destination word (D). The content of the
stack pointer (SBs) is then decremented by one.
Note COLL(81) will be executed every cycle unless the differentiated form
(@COLL(81)) is used or COLL(81) is used with DIFU(13) or DIFD(14).

Example
The following example shows how to use COLL(81) to create a stack between
DM 0001 and DM 0005. DM 0000 acts as the stack pointer.
When IR 00000 goes from OFF to ON, COLL(81) shifts the contents of DM 0002
to DM 0005 down by one address, and shifts the data from DM 0001 to IR 001.
The content of the stack pointer (DM 0000) is then decremented by one.

00000 Address Instruction Operands

@COLL(81)
00000 LD 00000
DM 0000
00001 @COLL(81)
216
DM 0000
001
216
001

IR 216 9005
Stack pointer
DM 0000 0005 decremented DM 0000 0004 IR 001 AAAA
DM 0001 AAAA DM 0001 BBBB
DM 0002 BBBB DM 0002 CCCC
DM 0003 CCCC DM 0003 DDDD
DM 0004 DDDD DM 0004 EEEE
DM 0005 EEEE DM 0005 EEEE

LIFO Stack Operation When bits 12 to 15 of C=8, COLL(81) can be used for an LIFO stack operation.
The other 3 digits of C specify the number of words in the stack (000 to 999). The
content of SBs is the stack pointer.

238
Data Movement Instructions Section 5-17

When the execution condition is ON, COLL(81) copies the data from the word
indicated by the stack pointer (SBs+the content of SBs) to the destination word
(D). The content of the stack pointer (SBs) is then decremented by one.
The stack pointer is the only word changed in the stack.
Note COLL(81) will be executed every cycle unless the differentiated form
(@DIST(80)) is used or DIST(80) is used with DIFU(13) or DIFD(14).

Example
The following example shows how to use COLL(81) to create a stack between
DM 0001 and DM 0005. DM 0000 acts as the stack pointer.
When IR 00000 goes from OFF to ON, COLL(81) copies the content of DM 0005
(DM 0000 + 5) to IR 001. The content of the stack pointer (DM 0000) is then de-
cremented by one.

00000 Address Instruction Operands

@COLL(81)
00000 LD 00000
DM 0000
00001 @COLL(81)
216
DM 0000
001
216
001

IR 216 8005
Stack pointer
DM 0000 0005 decremented DM 0000 0004 IR 001 EEEE
DM 0001 AAAA DM 0001 AAAA
DM 0002 BBBB DM 0002 BBBB
DM 0003 CCCC DM 0003 CCCC
DM 0004 DDDD DM 0004 DDDD
DM 0005 EEEE DM 0005 EEEE

Flags ER: The offset or stack length in the control word is not BCD.
Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is
not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
During stack operation, the value of the stack pointer exceeds the
length of the stack; an attempt was made to write to a word beyond the
end of the stack.
EQ: ON when the content of S is zero; otherwise OFF.

5-17-8 MOVE BIT – MOVB(82)

Operand Data Areas

Ladder Symbols S: Source word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR, #

MOVB(82) @MOVB(82)
Bi: Bit designator (BCD)
S S
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #
Bi Bi
D: Destination word
D D
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations The rightmost two digits and the leftmost two digits of Bi must each be between
00 and 15.
DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for Bi or D.

239
Data Movement Instructions Section 5-17

Description When the execution condition is OFF, MOVB(82) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, MOVB(82) copies the specified bit of S to the speci-
fied bit in D. The bits in S and D are specified by Bi. The rightmost two digits of Bi
designate the source bit; the leftmost two bits designate the destination bit.
Bit Bit
15 00
Bi 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Bi
Bit 1 2 0 1 Bit
MSB 1 2 0 1 LSB
15 00
S 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1
Source bit (00 to 15)
Bit Bit
Destination bit (00 to 15) 15 00
D 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1

Flags ER: Bi is not BCD, or it is specifying a non-existent bit (i.e., bit specification
must be between 00 and 15).
Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is
not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

5-17-9 MOVE DIGIT – MOVD(83)

Operand Data Areas

Ladder Symbols S: Source word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

MOVD(83) @MOVD(83)
Di: Digit designator (BCD)
S S
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #
Di Di
D: Destination word
D D
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR

Limitations The rightmost three digits of Di must each be between 0 and 3.

DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for Di or D.
Description When the execution condition is OFF, MOVD(83) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, MOVD(83) copies the content of the specified digit(s)
in S to the specified digit(s) in D. Up to four digits can be transferred at one time.
The first digit to be copied, the number of digits to be copied, and the first digit to
receive the copy are designated in Di as shown below. Digits from S will be co-
pied to consecutive digits in D starting from the designated first digit and contin-
ued for the designated number of digits. If the last digit is reached in either S or D,
further digits are used starting back at digit 0.
Digit number: 3 2 1 0

First digit in S (0 to 3)

Number of digits (0 to 3)
0: 1 digit
1: 2 digits
2: 3 digits
3: 4 digits
First digit in D (0 to 3)

Not used. (Set to 0.)

240
Data Movement Instructions Section 5-17

Digit Designator The following show examples of the data movements for various values of Di.

Di: 0010 Di: 0030

S D S D

0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3

Di: 0031 Di: 0023

S D S D
0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3

Flags ER: At least one of the rightmost three digits of Di is not between 0 and 3.
Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is
not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

5-17-10 TRANSFER BITS – XFRB(––)

Ladder Symbols Operand Data Areas

C: Control word
XFRB(––) @XFRB(––)
IR, SR, AR, DM, TC, HR, LR, #
C C
S: First source word
S S
IR, SR, AR, DM, TC, HR, LR
D D
D: First destination word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations This instruction is available in the CQM1-CPU4-E/-EV1 only.

The specified source bits must be in the same data area.
The specified destination bits must be in the same data area.
DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for D.

Description When the execution condition is OFF, XFRB(––) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, XFRB(––) copies the specified source bits to the spe-
cified destination bits. The two rightmost digits of C specify the starting bits in S
and D and the leftmost two digits indicate the number of bits that will be copied.

C
MSB LSB

First bit of S (0 to F)
First bit of D (0 to F)
Number of bits (00 to FF)

Note Up to 255 (FF) bits can be copied at one time.

241
Comparison Instructions Section 5-18

Example In the following example, XFRB(––) is used to transfer 5 bits from IR 020 and
IR 021 to LR 00 and LR 01. The starting bit in IR 020 is D (13), and the starting bit
in LR 00 is E (14), so IR 02013 to IR 02101 are copied to LR 0014 to LR 0102.
00001
XFRB(––)
Address Instruction Operands
#05ED 00000 LD 00001
020 00001 XFRB(––)
LR 00 # 05ED
020
LR 00

Bit Bit Bit Bit

15 S+1: 021 00 15 S: 020 00
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0

1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1

Bit Bit Bit Bit

15
D+1: LR 01 00 15
D: LR 00 00

Flags ER: The specified source bits are not all in the same data area.
The specified destination bits are not all in the same data area.
Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is
not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

5-18 Comparison Instructions

5-18-1 COMPARE – CMP(20)
Ladder Symbols Operand Data Areas
Cp1: First compare word
CMP(20)
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #
Cp1
Cp2: Second compare word
Cp2
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

Limitations When comparing a value to the PV of a timer or counter, the value must be in
BCD.
Description When the execution condition is OFF, CMP(20) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, CMP(20) compares Cp1 and Cp2 and outputs the
result to the GR, EQ, and LE flags in the SR area.
Precautions Placing other instructions between CMP(20) and the operation which accesses
the EQ, LE, and GR flags may change the status of these flags. Be sure to ac-
cess them before the desired status is changed.
Flags ER: Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is
not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
EQ: ON if Cp1 equals Cp2.
LE: ON if Cp1 is less than Cp2.
GR: ON if Cp1 is greater than Cp2.
Flag Address C1 < C2 C1 = C2 C1 > C2
GR 25505 OFF OFF ON
EQ 25506 OFF ON OFF
LE 25507 ON OFF OFF

242
Comparison Instructions Section 5-18

Example: The following example shows how to save the comparison result immediately. If
Saving CMP(20) Results the content of HR 09 is greater than that of 010, 10200 is turned ON; if the two
contents are equal, 10201 is turned ON; if content of HR 09 is less than that of
010, 10202 is turned ON. In some applications, only one of the three OUTs would
be necessary, making the use of TR 0 unnecessary. With this type of program-
ming, 10200, 10201, and 10202 are changed only when CMP(20) is executed.

TR
0
00000
CMP(20)

HR 09

010

25505
10200 Greater Than

25506
10201 Equal

25507
10202 Less Than

Address Instruction Operands Address Instruction Operands

00000 LD 00000 00005 LD TR 0

00001 OUT TR 0 00006 AND 25506
00002 CMP(20) 00007 OUT 10201
HR 09 00008 LD TR 0
010 00009 AND 25507
00003 AND 25505 00010 OUT 10202
00004 OUT 10200

5-18-2 TABLE COMPARE – TCMP(85)

Operand Data Areas

Ladder Symbols CD: Compare data

IR, SR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

TCMP(85) @TCMP(85)
TB: First comparison table word
CD CD
IR, SR, DM, HR, TC, LR
TB TB
R: Result word
R R
IR, SR, DM, HR, TC, LR

Limitations DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for R.

Description When the execution condition is OFF, TCMP(85) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, TCMP(85) compares CD to the content of TB, TB+1,
TB+2, ..., and TB+15. If CD is equal to the content of any of these words, the
corresponding bit in R is set, e.g., if the CD equals the content of TB, bit 00 is
turned ON, if it equals that of TB+1, bit 01 is turned ON, etc. The rest of the bits in
R will be turned OFF.

Flags ER: The comparison table (i.e., TB through TB+15) exceeds the data area.
Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is
not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

243
Comparison Instructions Section 5-18

Example The following example shows the comparisons made and the results provided
for TCMP(85). Here, the comparison is made during each cycle when IR 00000
is ON.

00000 Address Instruction Operands

TCMP(85)
00000 LD 00000
001 00001 TCMP(85)
DM 0000 001
216 DM 0000
216

CD: 001 Upper limits R: 216

IR 001 0210 DM 0000 0100 IR 21600 0

Compare the data in IR 001 DM 0001 0200 IR 21601 0
with the given ranges. DM 0002 0210 IR 21602 1
DM 0003 0400 IR 21603 0
DM 0004 0500 IR 21604 0
DM 0005 0600 IR 21605 0
DM 0006 0210 IR 21606 1
DM 0007 0800 IR 21607 0
DM 0008 0900 IR 21608 0
DM 0009 1000 IR 21609 0
DM 0010 0210 IR 21610 1
DM 0011 1200 IR 21611 0
DM 0012 1300 IR 21612 0
DM 0013 1400 IR 21613 0
DM 0014 0210 IR 21614 1
DM 0015 1600 IR 21615 0

5-18-3 BLOCK COMPARE – BCMP(68)

Operand Data Areas

Ladder Symbols CD: Compare data

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

BCMP(68) @BCMP(68)
CB: First comparison block word
CD CD
IR, SR, DM, HR, TC, LR
CB CB
R: Result word
R R
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR

Note BCMP(68) is an expansion instruction for the SRM1. The function code 68 is the
factory setting and can be changed for the SRM1 if desired.

Limitations Each lower limit word in the comparison block must be less than or equal to the
upper limit.
DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for R.
Description When the execution condition is OFF, BCMP(68) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, BCMP(68) compares CD to the ranges defined by a
block consisting of CB, CB+1, CB+2, ..., CB+31. Each range is defined by two
words, the first one providing the lower limit and the second word providing the
upper limit. If CD is found to be within any of these ranges (inclusive of the upper
and lower limits), the corresponding bit in R is set. The comparisons that are

244
Comparison Instructions Section 5-18

made and the corresponding bit in R that is set for each true comparison are
shown below. The rest of the bits in R will be turned OFF.
CB ≤ CD ≤ CB+1 Bit 00
CB+2 ≤ CD ≤ CB+3 Bit 01
CB+4 ≤ CD ≤ CB+5 Bit 02
CB+6 ≤ CD ≤ CB+7 Bit 03
CB+8 ≤ CD ≤ CB+9 Bit 04
CB+10 ≤ CD ≤ CB+11 Bit 05
CB+12 ≤ CD ≤ CB+13 Bit 06
CB+14 ≤ CD ≤ CB+15 Bit 07
CB+16 ≤ CD ≤ CB+17 Bit 08
CB+18 ≤ CD ≤ CB+19 Bit 09
CB+20 ≤ CD ≤ CB+21 Bit 10
CB+22 ≤ CD ≤ CB+23 Bit 11
CB+24 ≤ CD ≤ CB+25 Bit 12
CB+26 ≤ CD ≤ CB+27 Bit 13
CB+28 ≤ CD ≤ CB+29 Bit 14
CB+30 ≤ CD ≤ CB+31 Bit 15

Flags ER: The comparison block (i.e., CB through CB+31) exceeds the data area.
Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is
not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

Example The following example shows the comparisons made and the results provided
for BCMP(68). Here, the comparison is made during each cycle when IR 00000
is ON.

00000
BCMP(68)
Address Instruction Operands
001 00000 LD 00000
DM 0010 00001 BCMP(68)
LR 05 001
DM 0010
LR 05

CD 001 Lower limits Upper limits R:LR 05

001 0210 DM 0010 0000 DM 0011 0100 LR 0500 0

Compare data in IR 001 DM 0012 0101 DM 0013 0200 LR 0501 0
(which contains 0210) with DM 0014 0201 DM 0015 0300 LR 0502 1
the given ranges.
DM 0016 0301 DM 0017 0400 LR 0503 0
DM 0018 0401 DM 0019 0500 LR 0504 0
DM 0020 0501 DM 0021 0600 LR 0505 0
DM 0022 0601 DM 0023 0700 LR 0506 0
DM 0024 0701 DM 0025 0800 LR 0507 0
DM 0026 0801 DM 0027 0900 LR 0508 0
DM 0028 0901 DM 0029 1000 LR 0509 0
DM 0030 1001 DM 0031 1100 LR 0510 0
DM 0032 1101 DM 0033 1200 LR 0511 0
DM 0034 1201 DM 0035 1300 LR 0512 0
DM 0036 1301 DM 0037 1400 LR 0513 0
DM 0038 1401 DM 0039 1500 LR 0514 0
DM 0040 1501 DM 0041 1600 LR 0515 0

245
Comparison Instructions Section 5-18

5-18-4 DOUBLE COMPARE – CMPL(60)

Ladder Symbols Operand Data Areas
Cp1: First word of first compare word pair
CMPL(60)
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR
Cp1
Cp2: First word of second compare word pair
Cp2
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR
––

Note CMPL(60) is an expansion instruction for the SRM1. The function code 60 is the
factory setting and can be changed for the SRM1 if desired.
Limitations Cp1 and Cp1+1 must be in the same data area.
Cp2 and Cp2+1 must be in the same data area.
Set the third operand to 000.
Description When the execution condition is OFF, CMPL(60) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, CMPL(60) joins the 4-digit hexadecimal content of
Cp1+1 with that of Cp1, and that of Cp2+1 with that of Cp2 to create two 8-digit
hexadecimal numbers, Cp+1,Cp1 and Cp2+1,Cp2. The two 8-digit numbers are
then compared and the result is output to the GR, EQ, and LE flags in the SR
area.
Precautions Placing other instructions between CMPL(60) and the operation which ac-
cesses the EQ, LE, and GR flags may change the status of these flags. Be sure
to access them before the desired status is changed.

Flags ER: Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
GR: ON if Cp1+1,Cp1 is greater than Cp2+1,Cp2.
EQ: ON if Cp1+1,Cp1 equals Cp2+1,Cp2.
LE: ON if Cp1+1,Cp1 is less than Cp2+1,Cp2.
Example: The following example shows how to save the comparison result immediately. If
Saving CMPL(60) Results the content of HR 10, HR 09 is greater than that of 011, 010, then 10000 is turned
ON; if the two contents are equal, 10001 is turned ON; if content of HR 10, HR 09
is less than that of 011, 010, then 10002 is turned ON. In some applications, only
one of the three OUTs would be necessary, making the use of TR 0 unnecessary.
With this type of programming, 10000, 10001, and 10002 are changed only
when CMPL(60) is executed.

TR Address Instruction Operands

0
00000
CMPL(60)
00000 LD 00000
HR 09
00001 OUT TR 0
00002 CMPL(60)
010
HR 09
---
010
25505
10000 Greater Than 00003 AND 25505
00004 OUT 10000
25506 00005 LD TR 0
10001 Equal 00006 AND 25506
00007 OUT 10001
00008 LD TR 0
25507
10002 Less Than
00009 AND 25507
00010 OUT 10002

246
Comparison Instructions Section 5-18

5-18-5 MULTI-WORD COMPARE – MCMP(19)

Operand Data Areas

Ladder Symbols TB1: First word of table 1

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR

MCMP(19) @MCMP(19)
TB2: First word of table 2
TB1 TB1
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR
TB2 TB2
R: Result word
R R
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR

Limitations This instruction is available in the CQM1 only.

TB1 and TB1+15 must be in the same data area.
TB2 and TB2+15 must be in the same data area.
DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for R.
Description When the execution condition is OFF, MCMP(19) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, MCMP(19) compares the content of TB1 to TB2,
TB1+1 to TB2+1, TB1+2 to TB2+2, ..., and TB1+15 to TB2+15. If the first pair is
equal, the first bit in R is turned OFF, etc., i.e., if the content of TB1 equals the
content of TB2, bit 00 is turned OFF, if the content of TB1+1 equals the content of
TB2+1, bit 01 is turned OFF, etc. The rest of the bits in R will be turned ON.

Flags ER: One of the tables (i.e., TB1 through TB1+15, or TB2 through TB2+15)
exceeds the data area.
Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is
not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
EQ: ON if the entire contents of both tables are equal and R=0000.

247
Comparison Instructions Section 5-18

Example The following example shows the comparisons made and the results provided
for MCMP(19). Here, the comparison is made during each cycle when 00000 is
ON.

00000
MCMP(19)
Address Instruction Operands
100 00000 LD 00000
DM 0200 00001 MCMP(19)
DM 0300 100
DM 0200
DM 0300

TB1: IR 100 TB2: DM 0200 R: DM 0300

IR 100 0100 DM 0200 0100 DM 030000 0

IR 101 0200 DM 0201 0200 DM 030001 0
IR 102 0210 DM 0202 0210 DM 030002 0
IR 103 ABCD DM 0203 0400 DM 030003 1
IR 104 ABCD DM 0204 0500 DM 030004 1
IR 105 ABCD DM 0205 0600 DM 030005 1
IR 106 ABCD DM 0206 0700 DM 030006 1
IR 107 0800 DM 0207 0800 DM 030007 0
IR 108 0900 DM 0208 0900 DM 030008 0
IR 109 1000 DM 0209 1000 DM 030009 0
IR 110 ABCD DM 0210 0210 DM 030010 1
IR 111 ABCD DM 0211 1200 DM 030011 1
IR 112 ABCD DM 0212 1300 DM 030012 1
IR 113 1400 DM 0213 1400 DM 030013 0
IR 114 0210 DM 0214 0210 DM 030014 0
IR 115 1212 DM 0215 1600 DM 030015 1

5-18-6 SIGNED BINARY COMPARE – CPS(––)

Ladder Symbols Operand Data Areas

Cp1: First compare word
CPS(––)
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #
Cp1
Cp2: Second compare word
Cp2
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #
000
000

Not used. Set to 000.

Limitations This instruction is available in the CQM1-CPU4-E/-EV1 only.

Description When the execution condition is OFF, CPS(––) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, CPS(––) compares the 16-bit (4-digit) signed binary
contents in Cp1 and Cp2 and outputs the result to the GR, EQ, and LE flags in the
SR area.

Precautions Placing other instructions between CPS(––) and the operation which accesses
the EQ, LE, and GR flags may change the status of these flags. Be sure to ac-
cess them before the desired status is changed.

248
Comparison Instructions Section 5-18

Flags ER: Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
EQ: ON if Cp1 equals Cp2.
LE: ON if Cp1 is less than Cp2.
GR: ON if Cp1 is greater than Cp2.

Comparison result Flag status

GR (SR 25505) EQ (SR 25506) LE (SR 25507)
Cp1 < Cp2 0 0 1
Cp1 = Cp2 0 1 0
Cp1 > Cp2 1 0 0

Example In the following example, the content of 102 is greater than that of DM 0020, so
10000 is turned ON and the other bits, 10001 and 10002, are turned OFF.

TR Address Instruction Operands

0
00500
CPS(––)
00000 LD 00500
102
00001 OUT TR 0
00002 CPS(––)
DM 0020
102
000
DM 0020
25505 000
10000 Greater Than 00003 AND 25505
00004 OUT 10000
25506 00005 LD TR 0
10001 Equal 00006 AND 25506
00007 OUT 10001
00008 LD TR 0
25507
10002 Less Than
00009 AND 25507
00010 OUT 10002

Cp1: 102 Cp2: DM 0020

6 F A 4 > A E 3 5

(28,580 decimal) (–20,939 decimal)

5-18-7 DOUBLE SIGNED BINARY COMPARE – CPSL(––)

Ladder Symbols Operand Data Areas
Cp1: First compare word
CPSL(––)
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #
Cp1
Cp2: Second compare word
Cp2
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #
000
000

Not used. Set to 000.

Limitations This instruction is available in the CQM1-CPU4-E/-EV1 only.

Description When the execution condition is OFF, CPSL(––) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, CPSL(––) compares the 32-bit (8-digit) signed binary
contents in Cp1+1, Cp1 and Cp2+1, Cp2 and outputs the result to the GR, EQ,
and LE flags in the SR area.

249
Comparison Instructions Section 5-18

Precautions Placing other instructions between CPSL(––) and the operation which accesses
the EQ, LE, and GR flags may change the status of these flags. Be sure to ac-
cess them before the desired status is changed.
Flags ER: Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is
not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
EQ: ON if Cp1+1, Cp1 equals Cp2+1, Cp2.
LE: ON if Cp1+1, Cp1 is less than Cp2+1, Cp2.
GR: ON if Cp1+1, Cp1 is greater than Cp2+1, Cp2.
Comparison result Flag status
GR (SR 25505) EQ (SR 25506) LE (SR 25507)
Cp1+1, Cp1 < Cp2+1, Cp2 0 0 1
Cp1+1, Cp1 = Cp2+1, Cp2 0 1 0
Cp1+1, Cp1 > Cp2+1, Cp2 1 0 0

Example In the following example, the content of 103, 102 is less than that of DM 0021,
DM 0020, so 10002 is turned ON and the other bits, 10000 and 10001, are
turned OFF.

TR Address Instruction Operands

0
00500
CPSL(––)
00000 LD 00500
102
00001 OUT TR 0
00002 CPSL(––)
DM 0020
102
000
DM 0020
25505 000
10000 Greater Than 00003 AND 25505
00004 OUT 10000
25506 00005 LD TR 0
10001 Equal 00006 AND 25506
00007 OUT 10001
00008 LD TR 0
25507
10002 Less Than
00009 AND 25507
00010 OUT 10002

Cp1+1: 103 Cp1: 102 Cp2+1: DM 0021 Cp2: DM 0020

8 2 B 6 F 5 7 B < 0 5 6 A 9 9 D B

(–2,101,938,823 decimal) (90,872,283 decimal)

5-18-8 AREA RANGE COMPARE – ZCP(––)

Operand Data Areas

Ladder Symbol CD: Compare data

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

ZCP(––)
LL: Lower limit of range
CD
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #
LL
UL: Upper limit of range
UL
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

Limitations This instruction is available in the CQM1-CPU4-E/-EV1 only.

LL must be less than or equal to UL.

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Comparison Instructions Section 5-18

Description When the execution condition is OFF, ZCP(––) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, ZCP(––) compares CD to the range defined by lower
limit LL and upper limit UL and outputs the result to the GR, EQ, and LE flags in
the SR area. The resulting flag status is shown in the following table.
Comparison result Flag status
GR (SR 25505) EQ (SR 25506) LE (SR 25507)
CD < LL 0 0 1
LL ≤ CD ≤ UL 0 1 0
UL < CD 1 0 0

Precautions Placing other instructions between ZCP(––) and the operation which accesses
the EQ, LE, and GR flags may change the status of these flags. Be sure to ac-
cess them before the desired status is changed.

Flags ER: Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
LL is greater than UL.

EQ: ON if LL ≤ CD ≤ UL
LE: ON if CD < LL.
GR: ON if CD > UL.

Example In the following example, the content of IR 002 (#6FA4) is compared to the range
#0010 to #AB1F. Since #0010 ≤ #6FA4 ≤ #AB1F, the EQ flag and IR 10001 are
turned ON.

TR
0
00000
ZCP(––)

002

#0010

#AB1F

25505
10000 Greater Than
(above range)

25506
10001 Equal
(within range)

25507
10002 Less Than
(below range)

Address Instruction Operands Address Instruction Operands

00000 LD 00000 00004 OUT 10000

00001 OUT TR 0 00005 LD TR 0
00002 ZCP(––) 00006 AND 25506
002 00007 OUT 10001
# 0010 00008 LD TR 0
# AB1F 00009 AND 25507
00003 AND 25505 00010 OUT 10002

10000: OFF
LL: #0010 CD: 002 UL: #AB1F
0 0 1 0 < 6 F A 4 < A B 1 F
10001: ON
10002: OFF

251
Conversion Instructions Section 5-19

5-18-9 DOUBLE AREA RANGE COMPARE – ZCPL(––)

Operand Data Areas

Ladder Symbol CD: Compare data

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

ZCPL(––)
LL: Lower limit of range
CD
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR
LL
UL: Upper limit of range
UL
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations This instruction is available in the CQM1-CPU4-E/-EV1 only.

The 8-digit value in LL+1,LL must be less than or equal to UL+1,UL.
Description When the execution condition is OFF, ZCPL(––) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, ZCPL(––) compares the 8-digit value in CD, CD+1 to
the range defined by lower limit LL+1,LL and upper limit UL+1,UL and outputs
the result to the GR, EQ, and LE flags in the SR area. The resulting flag status is
shown in the following table.
Comparison result Flag status
GR EQ LE
(SR 25505) (SR 25506) (SR 25507)
CD , CD+1< LL+1,LL 0 0 1
LL+1,LL ≤ CD, CD+1 ≤ UL+1,UL 0 1 0
UL+1,UL < CD, CD+1 1 0 0

Precautions Placing other instructions between ZCPL(––) and the operation which accesses
the EQ, LE, and GR flags may change the status of these flags. Be sure to ac-
cess them before the desired status is changed.

Flags ER: Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
LL+1,LL is greater than UL+1,UL.
EQ: ON if LL+1,LL ≤ CD, CD+1 ≤ UL+1,UL
LE: ON if CD, CD+1 < LL+1,LL.
GR: ON if CD, CD+1 > UL+1,UL.

5-19 Conversion Instructions

5-19-1 BCD-TO-BINARY – BIN(23)
Ladder Symbols Operand Data Areas
S: Source word (BCD)
BIN(23) @BIN(23)
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR
S S
R: Result word
R R
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for R.

252
Conversion Instructions Section 5-19

Description When the execution condition is OFF, BIN(23) is not executed. When the execu-
tion condition is ON, BIN(23) converts the BCD content of S into the numerically
equivalent binary bits, and outputs the binary value to R. Only the content of R is
changed; the content of S is left unchanged.

BCD S

Binary R

BIN(23) can be used to convert BCD to binary so that displays on the Program-
ming Console or any other programming device will appear in hexadecimal rath-
er than decimal. It can also be used to convert to binary to perform binary arith-
metic operations rather than BCD arithmetic operations, e.g., when BCD and
binary values must be added.

Flags ER: The content of S is not BCD.

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is
not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
EQ: ON when the result is zero.

5-19-2 BINARY-TO-BCD – BCD(24)

Ladder Symbols Operand Data Areas

S: Source word (binary)
BCD(24) @BCD(24)
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR
S S
R: Result word
R R
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations If the content of S exceeds 270F, the converted result would exceed 9999 and
BCD(24) will not be executed. When the instruction is not executed, the content
of R remains unchanged.
DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for R.
Description BCD(24) converts the binary (hexadecimal) content of S into the numerically
equivalent BCD bits, and outputs the BCD bits to R. Only the content of R is
changed; the content of S is left unchanged.

Binary S

BCD R

BCD(24) can be used to convert binary to BCD so that displays on the Program-
ming Console or any other programming device will appear in decimal rather
than hexadecimal. It can also be used to convert to BCD to perform BCD arith-
metic operations rather than binary arithmetic operations, e.g., when BCD and
binary values must be added.

253
Conversion Instructions Section 5-19

Flags ER: Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
EQ: ON when the result is zero.

5-19-3 DOUBLE BCD-TO-DOUBLE BINARY – BINL(58)

Ladder Symbols Operand Data Areas
S: First source word (BCD)
BINL(58) @BINL(58)
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR
S S
R: First result word
R R
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations This instruction is available in the CQM1 only.

DM 6143 to DM 6655 cannot be used for R.

Description When the execution condition is OFF, BINL(58) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, BINL(58) converts an eight-digit number in S and S+1
into 32-bit binary data, and outputs the converted data to R and R+1.

BCD S+1 S

Binary R+1 R

Flags ER: The contents of S and/or S+1 words are not BCD.
Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is
not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
EQ: ON when the result is zero.

5-19-4 DOUBLE BINARY-TO-DOUBLE BCD – BCDL(59)

Ladder Symbols Operand Data Areas

S: First source word (binary)
BCDL(59) @BCDL(59)
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR
S S
R: First result word
R R
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations This instruction is available in the CQM1 only.

If the content of S exceeds 05F5E0FF, the converted result would exceed
99999999 and BCDL(59) will not be executed. When the instruction is not
executed, the content of R and R+1 remain unchanged.
DM 6143 to DM 6655 cannot be used for R.

254
Conversion Instructions Section 5-19

Description BCDL(59) converts the 32-bit binary content of S and S+1 into eight digits of
BCD data, and outputs the converted data to R and R+1.

Binary S+1 S

BCD R+1 R

Flags ER: Content of R and R+1 exceeds 99999999.

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is
not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
EQ: ON when the result is zero.

5-19-5 4-TO-16 DECODER – MLPX(76)

Operand Data Areas

Ladder Symbols S: Source word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR

MLPX(76) @MLPX(76)
Di: Digit designator
S S
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #
Di Di
R: First result word
R R
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations The rightmost two digits of Di must each be between 0 and 3.

All result words must be in the same data area.
DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for R.
Description When the execution condition is OFF, MLPX(76) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, MLPX(76) converts up to four, four-bit hexadecimal
digits from S into decimal values from 0 to 15, each of which is used to indicate a
bit position. The bit whose number corresponds to each converted value is then
turned ON in a result word. If more than one digit is specified, then one bit will be
turned ON in each of consecutive words beginning with R. (See examples, be-
low.)
The following is an example of a one-digit decode operation from digit number 1
of S, i.e., here Di would be 0001.

Source word
C

Bit C (i.e., bit number 12) turned ON.

First result word

0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

255
Conversion Instructions Section 5-19

The first digit and the number of digits to be converted are designated in Di. If
more digits are designated than remain in S (counting from the designated first
digit), the remaining digits will be taken starting back at the beginning of S. The
final word required to store the converted result (R plus the number of digits to be
converted) must be in the same data area as R, e.g., if two digits are converted,
the last word address in a data area cannot be designated; if three digits are con-
verted, the last two words in a data area cannot be designated.
Digit Designator The digits of Di are set as shown below.
Digit number: 3 2 1 0

Specifies the first digit to be converted (0 to 3)

Number of digits to be converted (0 to 3)

0: 1 digit
1: 2 digits
2: 3 digits
3: 4 digits

Not used (Set to zero)

Some example Di values and the digit-to-word conversions that they produce
are shown below.
Di: 0010 Di: 0030
S S

0 R 0 R
1 R+1 1 R+1
2 2 R+2
3 3 R+3

Di: 0031 Di: 0023

S S
0 R 0 R
1 R+1 1 R+1
2 R+2 2 R+2
3 R+3 3

Flags ER: Undefined digit designator, or R plus number of digits exceeds a data
area.
Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is
not BCD or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

256
Conversion Instructions Section 5-19

Example The following program converts digits 1 to 3 of data from DM 0020 to bit positions
and turns ON the corresponding bits in three consecutive words starting with HR
10. Digit 0 is not converted.
00000
MLPX(76) Address Instruction Operands
DM 0020 00000 LD 00000
#0021 00001 MLPX(76)
HR 10 DM 0020
# 0021
HR 10

S: DM 0020 R: HR 10 R+1: HR 11 R+2: HR 12

DM 0020 00 HR 1000 0 HR 1100 0 HR 1200 1

DM 0020 01 Not HR 1001 0 HR 1101 0 HR 1201 0
DM 0020 02 Converted HR 1002 0 HR 1102 0 HR 1202 0
DM 0020 03 HR 1003 0 HR 1103 0 HR 1203 0
DM 0020 04 1 HR 1004 0 HR 1104 0 HR 1204 0
15
DM 0020 05 1 HR 1005 0 HR 1105 0 HR 1205 0
DM 0020 06 1 HR 1006 0 HR 1106 1 HR 1206 0
DM 0020 07 1 HR 1007 0 HR 1107 0 HR 1207 0
DM 0020 08 0 HR 1008 0 HR 1108 0 HR 1208 0
6
DM 0020 09 1 HR 1009 0 HR 1109 0 HR 1209 0
DM 0020 10 1 HR 1010 0 HR 1110 0 HR 1210 0
DM 0020 11 0 HR 1011 0 HR 1111 0 HR 1211 0
DM 0020 12 0 HR 1012 0 HR 1112 0 HR 1212 0
0
DM 0020 13 0 HR 1013 0 HR 1113 0 HR 1213 0
DM 0020 14 0 HR 1014 0 HR 1114 0 HR 1214 0
DM 0020 15 0 HR 1015 1 HR 1115 0 HR 1215 0

5-19-6 16-TO-4 ENCODER – DMPX(77)

Operand Data Areas

Ladder Symbols SB: First source word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR

DMPX(77) @DMPX(77)
R: Result word
SB SB
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR
R R
Di: Digit designator
Di Di
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

Limitations The rightmost two digits of Di must each be between 0 and 3.

All source words must be in the same data area.
DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for SB, R, or Di.
Description When the execution condition is OFF, DMPX(77) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, DMPX(77) determines the position of the highest ON
bit in S, encodes it into single-digit hexadecimal value corresponding to the bit
number of the highest ON bit number, then transfers the hexadecimal value to
the specified digit in R. The digits to receive the results are specified in Di, which
also specifies the number of digits to be encoded.

257
Conversion Instructions Section 5-19

The following is an example of a one-digit encode operation to digit number 1 of

R, i.e., here Di would be 0001.

First source word

0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0

C transferred to indicate bit number 12 as

the highest ON bit.

Result word
C

Up to four digits from four consecutive source words starting with S may be en-
coded and the digits written to R in order from the designated first digit. If more
digits are designated than remain in R (counting from the designated first digit),
the remaining digits will be placed at digits starting back at the beginning of R.
The final word to be converted (S plus the number of digits to be converted) must
be in the same data area as SB.

Digit Designator The digits of Di are set as shown below.

Digit numbers: 3 2 1 0

Specifies the first digit to receive converted data (0 to 3).

Number of words to be converted (0 to 3)

0: 1 word
1: 2 words
2: 3 words
3: 4 words
Not used.

Some example Di values and the word-to-digit conversions that they produce
are shown below.

Di: 0011 Di: 0030

R R
S 0 S 0
S+1 1 S+1 1
2 S+2 2
3 S+3 3

Di: 0013 Di: 0032

R R
S 0 S 0
S+1 1 S+1 1
2 S+2 2
3 S+3 3

Flags ER: Undefined digit designator, or S plus number of digits exceeds a data
area.
Content of a source word is zero.
Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is
not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

258
Conversion Instructions Section 5-19

Example When 00000 is ON, the following diagram encodes IR words 010 and 011 to the
first two digits of HR 10 and then encodes LR 10 and 11 to the last two digits of
HR 10. Although the status of each source word bit is not shown, it is assumed
that the bit with status 1 (ON) shown is the highest bit that is ON in the word.

00000
DMPX(77) Address Instruction Operands
010 00000 LD 00000
HR 10 00001 DMPX(77)
#0010 010
HR 10
DMPX(77)
# 0010
00002 DMPX(77)
LR 10
LR 10
HR 10
HR 10
#0012
# 0012
IR 010 IR 011
01000 01100
: :
01011 1 01109 1
01012 0 01110 0
: : : : : :
HR 10
01015 0 01115 0
Digit 0 B
Digit 1 9
LR 10 LR 11 Digit 2 1
LR 1000 LR 1100 Digit 3 8
LR 1001 1 :
LR 1002 0 LR 1108 1
: : : LR 1109 0
: : : : : :
LR 1015 0 LR 1115 0

5-19-7 7-SEGMENT DECODER – SDEC(78)

Operand Data Areas

Ladder Symbols S: Source word (binary)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR

SDEC(78) @SDEC(78)
Di: Digit designator
S S
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #
Di Di
D: First destination word
D D
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations Di must be within the values given below.

All destination words must be in the same data area.
DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for D.
Description When the execution condition is OFF, SDEC(78) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, SDEC(78) converts the designated digit(s) of S into
the equivalent 8-bit, 7-segment display code and places it into the destination
word(s) beginning with D.

259
Conversion Instructions Section 5-19

Any or all of the digits in S may be converted in sequence from the designated
first digit. The first digit, the number of digits to be converted, and the half of D to
receive the first 7-segment display code (rightmost or leftmost 8 bits) are desig-
nated in Di. If multiple digits are designated, they will be placed in order starting
from the designated half of D, each requiring two digits. If more digits are desig-
nated than remain in S (counting from the designated first digit), further digits will
be used starting back at the beginning of S.
Digit Designator The digits of Di are set as shown below.
Digit number: 3 2 1 0

Specifies the first digit of S to be converted (0 to 3).

Number of digits to be converted (0 to 3)
0: 1 digit
1: 2 digits
2: 3 digits
3: 4 digits
First half of D to be used.
0: Rightmost 8 bits (1st half)
1: Leftmost 8 bits (2nd half)
Not used; set to 0.

Some example Di values and the 4-bit binary to 7-segment display conversions
that they produce are shown below.
Di: 0011 Di: 0030
S digits D S digits D
0 1st half 0 1st half
1 2nd half 1 2nd half
2 2
3 3 D+1
1st half
2nd half

Di: 0112 Di: 0130

S digits D S digits D
0 0
1st half 1st half
1 1
2nd half 2nd half
2 2
3 D+1 3 D+1
1st half 1st half
2nd half 2nd half

D+2
1st half
2nd half

260
Conversion Instructions Section 5-19

Example The following example shows the data to produce an 8. The lower case letters
show which bits correspond to which segments of the 7-segment display. The
table underneath shows the original data and converted code for all hexadeci-
mal digits.

00000
@ SDEC(78)
DM 0010
LR 07

100

a
LR 07 DM 0010 IR 100

f b
g
0 20 0 Bit 00 1 a

1 21 1 1 b
1: Second digit e c
x100 0 1 c
0 22 0

0 23 0 1 d d

0 20 0 1 e

0 21 0 8 1 f
x101 0: One digit 1
0 22 0 1 g

0 23 1 Bit 07 0

0 20 0

0 21 1
x102 0 or 1: 2
0 0 Bits 00 through 07 22 1
1 Bits 08 through 15.
0 23 1

0 20 1

0 x103 3 21 0
Not used.
0 22 1

0 23 1

Original data Converted code (segments) Display

Digit Bits – g f e d c b a
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0
2 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
3 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
4 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0
5 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1
6 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1
7 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1
8 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0
9 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1
A 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
B 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0
C 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1
D 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
E 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1
F 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0

261
Conversion Instructions Section 5-19

Flags ER: Incorrect digit designator, or data area for destination exceeded.
Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is
not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

5-19-8 ASCII CONVERT – ASC(86)

Operand Data Areas

Ladder Symbols S: Source word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR

ASC(86) @ASC(86)
Di: Digit designator
S S
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #
Di Di
D: First destination word
D D
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations Di must be within the values given below.

All destination words must be in the same data area.
DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for D.

Description When the execution condition is OFF, ASC(86) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, ASC(86) converts the designated digit(s) of S into the
equivalent 8-bit ASCII code and places it into the destination word(s) beginning
with D.
Any or all of the digits in S may be converted in order from the designated first
digit. The first digit, the number of digits to be converted, and the half of D to re-
ceive the first ASCII code (rightmost or leftmost 8 bits) are designated in Di. If
multiple digits are designated, they will be placed in order starting from the des-
ignated half of D, each requiring two digits. If more digits are designated than
remain in S (counting from the designated first digit), further digits will be used
starting back at the beginning of S.

Note Refer to Appendix H for a table of ASCII characters.

Digit Designator The digits of Di are set as shown below.

Digit number: 3 2 1 0

Specifies the first digit to be converted (0 to 3).

Number of digits to be converted (0 to 3)

0: 1 digit
1: 2 digits
2: 3 digits
3: 4 digits
First half of D to be used.
0: Rightmost 8 bits (1st half)
1: Leftmost 8 bits (2nd half)
Parity 0: none
1: even
2: odd

262
Conversion Instructions Section 5-19

Some examples of Di values and the 4-bit binary to 8-bit ASCII conversions that
they produce are shown below.
Di: 0011 Di: 0030
S D S D
0 1st half 0 1st half
1 2nd half 1 2nd half
2 2
3 3 D+1
1st half
2nd half

Di: 0112 Di: 0130

S D S D
0 1st half 0 1st half
1 2nd half 1 2nd half
2 2
3 D+1 3 D+1
1st half 1st half
2nd half 2nd half

D+2
1st half
2nd half

Parity The leftmost bit of each ASCII character (2 digits) can be automatically adjusted
for either even or odd parity. If no parity is designated, the leftmost bit will always
be zero.
When even parity is designated, the leftmost bit will be adjusted so that the total
number of ON bits is even, e.g., when adjusted for even parity, ASCII “31”
(00110001) will be “B1” (10110001: parity bit turned ON to create an even num-
ber of ON bits); ASCII “36” (00110110) will be “36” (00110110: parity bit turned
OFF because the number of ON bits is already even). The status of the parity bit
does not affect the meaning of the ASCII code.
When odd parity is designated, the leftmost bit of each ASCII character will be
adjusted so that there is an odd number of ON bits.

Flags ER: Incorrect digit designator, or data area for destination exceeded.
Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is
not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

5-19-9 ASCII-TO-HEXADECIMAL – HEX(––)

Operand Data Areas

Ladder Symbols S: First source word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

HEX(––) @HEX(––)
Di: Digit designator
S S
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #
Di Di
D: Destination word
D D
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations This instruction is available in the CQM1/SRM1 only.

263
Conversion Instructions Section 5-19

Di must be within the values given below.

All source words must be in the same data area.
Bytes in the source words must contain the ASCII code equivalent of hexadeci-
mal values, i.e., 30 to 39 (0 to 9) or 41 to 46 (A to F).
DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for D.
Description When the execution condition is OFF, HEX(––) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, HEX(––) converts the designated byte(s) of ASCII
code from the source word(s) into the hexadecimal equivalent and places it into
D.
Up to 4 ASCII codes may be converted beginning with the designated first byte
of S. The converted hexadecimal values are then placed in D in order from the
designated digit. The first byte (rightmost or leftmost 8 bits), the number of bytes
to be converted, and the digit of D to receive the first hexadecimal value are
designated in Di. If multiple bytes are designated, they will be converted in order
starting from the designated half of S and continuing to S+1 and S+2, if
necessary.
If more digits are designated than remain in D (counting from the designated first
digit), further digits will be used starting back at the beginning of D. Digits in D
that do not receive converted data will not be changed.
Digit Designator The digits of Di are set as shown below.
Digit number: 3 2 1 0

Specifies the first digit of D to be used (0 to 3).

Number of bytes to be converted (0 to 3)

0: 1 byte (2-digit ASCII code)
1: 2 bytes
2: 3 bytes
3: 4 bytes
First byte of S to be used.
0: Rightmost 8 bits (1st byte)
1: Leftmost 8 bits (2nd byte)

Parity 0: none
1: even
2: odd

264
Conversion Instructions Section 5-19

Some examples of Di values and the 8-bit ASCII to 4-bit hexadecimal conver-
sions that they produce are shown below.
Di: 0011 Di: 0030
S D S D
1st byte 0 1st byte 0
2nd byte 1 2nd byte 1
2 2
3 S+1 3
1st byte
2nd byte

Di: 0023 Di: 0133

S D S
1st byte 0 1st byte D
2nd byte 1 2nd byte 0
2 1
S+1 3 S+1
2
1st byte 1st byte 3
2nd byte 2nd byte

S+2
1st byte
2nd byte

ASCII Code Table The following table shows the ASCII codes before conversion and the hexadeci-
mal values after conversion. Refer to Appendix H for a table of ASCII characters.
Original data Converted data
ASCII Code Bit status (See note.) Digit Bits
30 * 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
31 * 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1
32 * 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 1 0
33 * 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 3 0 0 1 1
34 * 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 4 0 1 0 0
35 * 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 5 0 1 0 1
36 * 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 6 0 1 1 0
37 * 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 7 0 1 1 1
38 * 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 8 1 0 0 0
39 * 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 9 1 0 0 1
41 * 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 A 1 0 1 0
42 * 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 B 1 0 1 1
43 * 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 C 1 1 0 0
44 * 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 D 1 1 0 1
45 * 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 E 1 1 1 0
46 * 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 F 1 1 1 1

Note The leftmost bit of each ASCII code is adjusted for parity.

Parity The leftmost bit of each ASCII character (2 digits) is automatically adjusted for
either even or odd parity.
With no parity, the leftmost bit should always be zero. With odd or even parity, the
leftmost bit of each ASCII character should be adjusted so that there is an odd or
even number of ON bits.
If the parity of the ASCII code in S does not agree with the parity specified in Di,
the ER Flag (SR 25503) will be turned ON and the instruction will not be
executed.

265
Conversion Instructions Section 5-19

Flags ER: Incorrect digit designator, or data area for destination exceeded.
Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is
not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

Example In the following example, the 2nd byte of LR 10 and the 1st byte of LR 11 are con-
verted to hexadecimal values and those values are written to the first and se-
cond bytes of IR 010.

00000 Address Instruction Operands

@HEX(––)

LR 10 00000 LD 00000
HR 10 00001 @HEX(––)
010
LR 10
HR 10
010

HR 10 0 1 1 0

LR 12 3 5 3 4 LR 11 4 2 3 2 LR 10 3 1 3 0

Conversion to
hexadecimal
010 0 0 2 1

5-19-10 SCALING – SCL(66)

Ladder Symbols Operand Data Areas
S: Source word
SCL(66) @SCL(66)
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #
S S
P1: First parameter word
P1 P1
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR
R R
R: Result word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations This instruction is available in the CQM1 only.

S must be BCD.
P1 through P1+3 must be in the same data area.
DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for P1 through P1+3 or R.

Description SCL(66) is used to linearly convert a 4-digit hexadecimal value to a 4-digit BCD
value. Unlike BCD(24), which converts a 4-digit hexadecimal value to its 4-digit
BCD equivalent (Shex → SBCD), SCL(66) can convert the hexadecimal value ac-
cording to a specified linear relationship. The conversion line is defined by two
points specified in the parameter words P1 to P1+3.
When the execution condition is OFF, SCL(66) is not executed. When the execu-
tion condition is ON, SCL(66) converts the 4-digit hexadecimal value in S to the
4-digit BCD value on the line defined by points (P1, P1+1) and (P1+2, P1+3) and
places the results in R. The results is rounded off to the nearest integer. If the
results is less than 0000, then 0000 is written to R, and if the result is greater than
9999, then 9999 is written to R.

266
Conversion Instructions Section 5-19

The following table shows the functions and ranges of the parameter words:

Parameter Function Range Comments

P1 BCD point #1 (AY) 0000 to 9999 ---
P1+1 Hex. point #1 (AX) 0000 to FFFF Do not set P1+1=P1+3.
P1+2 BCD point #2 (BY) 0000 to 9999 ---
P1+3 Hex. point #2 (BX) 0000 to FFFF Do not set P1+3=P1+1.

The following diagram shows the source word, S, converted to D according to

the line defined by points (AY, AX) and (BY, BX).

Value after conversion

(BCD)

Value before conversion

AX S BX (Hexadecimal)

The results can be calculated by first converting all values to BCD and then using
the following formula.
Results = BY – [(BY – AY)/(BX – AX) X (BX – S)]

Flags ER: The value in P1+1 equals that in P1+3.

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is
not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

P1 and P1+3 are not in the same data area, or other setting error.

EQ: ON when the result, R, is 0000.

Example When 00000 is turned ON in the following example, the BCD source data in
DM 0100 (#0100) is converted to hexadecimal according to the parameters in
DM 0150 to DM 0153. The result (#0512) is then written to DM 0200.

00000 Address Instruction Operands

@SCL(66)

DM 0100 00000 LD 00000

DM 0150 00001 @SCL(66)
DM 0200
DM 0100
DM 0150
DM 0200

DM 0150 0010 DM 0100 0100

DM 0151 0005
DM 0152 0050
DM 0153 0019 DM 0200 0512

267
Conversion Instructions Section 5-19

5-19-11 SIGNED BINARY TO BCD SCALING – SCL2(––)

Ladder Symbols Operand Data Areas
S: Source word
SCL2(––) @SCL2(––)
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR
S S
P1: First parameter word
P1 P1
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR
R R
R: Result word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations This instruction is available in the CQM1-CPU4-E/-EV1 only.

S must be BCD.
P1 through P1+2 must be in the same data area.
DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for R.
Description SCL2(––) is used to linearly convert a 4-digit signed hexadecimal value to a
4-digit BCD value. Unlike BCD(24), which converts a 4-digit hexadecimal value
to its 4-digit BCD equivalent (Shex → SBCD), SCL2(––) can convert the signed
hexadecimal value according to a specified linear relationship. The conversion
line is defined by the x-intercept and the slope of the line specified in the parame-
ter words P1 to P1+2.
When the execution condition is OFF, SCL2(––) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, SCL2(––) converts the 4-digit signed hexadecimal
value in S to the 4-digit BCD value on the line defined by the x-intercept (P1, 0)
and the slope (P1+2 ÷ P1+1) and places the results in R. The result is rounded off
to the nearest integer.
If the result is negative, then CY is set to 1. If the result is less than –9999, then
–9999 is written to R. If the result is greater than 9999, then 9999 is written to R.
The following table shows the functions and ranges of the parameter words:
Parameter Function Range
P1 x-intercept (signed hex.) 8000 to 7FFF (–32,768 to 32,767)
P1+1 ∆X (signed hex.) 8000 to 7FFF (–32,768 to 32,767)
P1+2 ∆Y (BCD) 0000 to 9999

The following diagram shows the source word, S, converted to R according to

the line defined by the point (P1, 0) and slope ∆Y/∆X.
Value after conversion
(BCD)

∆Y
∆X
R

Value before conversion

S (Signed hexadecimal)

X-intercept

268
Conversion Instructions Section 5-19

The result can be calculated by first converting all signed hexadecimal values to
BCD and then using the following formula.

R + Y (S–P1)
X

Flags ER: Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
P1 and P1+2 are not in the same data area, or other setting error.
CY: ON when the result, R, is negative.
EQ: ON when the result, R, is 0000.
Example When 05000 is turned ON in the following example, the signed binary source
data in 001 (#FFE2) is converted to BCD according to the parameters in
DM 0000 to DM 0002. The result (#0018) is then written to LR 00 and CY is
turned ON because the result is negative.

05000 Address Instruction Operands

@SCL2(––)

001 00000 LD 05000

DM 0000 00001 @SCL2(––)
LR 00
001
DM 0000
LR 00

2
FFFD IR 001 FFE2
DM 0000 FFFD 3
DM 0001 0003 FFE2
DM 0002 0002
LR 00 0018 CY=1

–0018
CY flag is turned ON because
R + 0002 (FFE2–FFFD) the conversion result is negative.
0003

+2 (–1B) + –18
3

5-19-12 BCD TO SIGNED BINARY SCALING – SCL3(––)

Ladder Symbols Operand Data Areas
S: Source word
SCL3(––) @SCL3(––)
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR
S S
P1: First parameter word
P1 P1
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR
R R
R: Result word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations This instruction is available in the CQM1-CPU4-E/-EV1 only.

P1+1 must be BCD.
P1 through P1+4 must be in the same data area.
DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for R.

269
Conversion Instructions Section 5-19

Description SCL3(––) is used to linearly convert a 4-digit 4-digit BCD value to 4-digit signed
hexadecimal. SCL3(––) converts the BCD value according to a specified linear
relationship. The conversion line is defined by the y-intercept and the slope of
the line specified in the parameter words P1 to P1+2.
When the execution condition is OFF, SCL3(––) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, SCL3(––) converts the 4-digit BCD value in S to the
4-digit signed hexadecimal value on the line defined by the y-intercept (0, P1)
and the slope (P1+2 ÷ P1+1) and places the result in R. The result is rounded off
to the nearest integer.
The content of S can be 0000 to 9999, but S will be treated as a negative value if
CY=1, so the effective range of S is actually –9999 to 9999. Be sure to set the
desired sign in CY using STC(40) or CLC(41).
Parameter words P1+3 and P1+4 define upper and lower limits for the result. If
the result is greater than the upper limit in P1+3, then the upper limit is written to
R. If the result is less than the lower limit in P1+4, then the lower limit is written to
R.
Note The upper and lower limits for a 12-bit Analog Input Unit would be 07FF and
F800.
The following table shows the functions and ranges of the parameter words:
Parameter Function Range
P1 x-intercept (signed hex.) 8000 to 7FFF (–32,768 to 32,767)
P1+1 ∆X (BCD) 0000 to 9999
P1+2 ∆Y (signed hex.) 8000 to 7FFF (–32,768 to 32,767)
P1+3 Upper limit (signed hex.) 8000 to 7FFF (–32,768 to 32,767)
P1+4 Lower limit (signed hex.) 8000 to 7FFF (–32,768 to 32,767)
The following diagram shows the source word, S, converted to R according to
the line defined by the point (0, P1) and slope ∆Y/∆X.
Value after conversion
(Signed hexadecimal) ∆Y
Upper limit
∆X
R

Y-intercept
Value before con-
S version (BCD)

Lower limit

The result can be calculated by first converting all BCD values to signed binary
and then using the following formula.

R+ ǒY
X
Ǔ
S ) P1

Flags ER: Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
The content of S is not BCD.
CY: CY is not changed by SCL3(––). (CY shows the sign of S before execu-
tion.)
EQ: ON when the result, R, is 0000.

270
Conversion Instructions Section 5-19

Example The status of 00101 determines the sign of the BCD source word in the following
example. If 00101 is ON, then the source word is negative. When 00100 is
turned ON, the BCD source data in LR 02 is converted to signed binary accord-
ing to the parameters in DM 0000 to DM 0004. The result is then written to
DM 0100. (In the second conversion, the signed binary equivalent of –1035 is
less than the lower limit specified in DM 0004, so the lower limit is written to
DM 0100.)
25313
(Always ON)
Address Instruction Operands
CLC(41)
00000 LD 25313
00101
00001 CLC(41)
STC(40) 00002 LD 00101
00101 STC(40)
00100 00004 LD 00100
@SCL3(––) 00005 SCL3(––)
LR 02 LR 02
DM 0000 DM 0000
DM 0100 DM 0100

Signed hex.

CY=0 CY=1
6 DM 0000 0005
LR 02 0100 LR 02 1035
DM 0001 0003
3
0005 DM 0002 0006
BCD DM 0003 07FF
DM 0100 00CD DM 0100 F800
DM 0004 F800

5-19-13 HOURS-TO-SECONDS – SEC(––)

Ladder Symbols Operand Data Areas
S: Beginning source word (BCD)
SEC(––) @SEC(––)
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR
S S
R: Beginning result word (BCD)
R R
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR
000 000
000: No function

000

Limitations This instruction is available in the CQM1 only.

S and S+1 must be within the same data area. R and R+1 must be within the
same data area. S and S+1 must be BCD and must be in the proper hours/min-
utes/seconds format.
DM 6143 to DM 6655 cannot be used for R.
Description SEC(––) is used to convert time notation in hours/minutes/seconds to an equiv-
alent in just seconds.
For the source data, the seconds are designated in bits 00 through 07 and the
minutes are designated in bits 08 through 15 of S. The hours are designated in
S+1. The maximum is thus 9,999 hours, 59 minutes, and 59 seconds.
The result is output to R and R+1. The maximum obtainable value is 35,999,999
seconds.

271
Conversion Instructions Section 5-19

Flags ER: S and S+1 or R and R+1 are not in the same data area.
S and/or S+1 do not contain BCD.
Number of seconds and/or minutes exceeds 59.
Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is
not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
EQ: ON when the result is zero.
Example When 00000 is OFF (i.e., when the execution condition is ON), the following
instruction would convert the hours, minutes, and seconds given in HR 12 and
HR 13 to seconds and store the results in DM 0100 and DM 0101 as shown.
00000
SEC(––)
Address Instruction Operands
HR 12 00000 LD NOT 00000
DM 0100 00001 SEC(––)
000 HR 12
DM 0100
HR 12 3 2 0 7 2,815 hrs, 32 min, 000
HR 13 2 8 1 5 07 s

DM 0100 5 9 2 7 10,135,927 s
DM 0101 1 0 1 3

5-19-14 SECONDS-TO-HOURS – HMS(––)

Ladder Symbols Operand Data Areas
S: Beginning source word (BCD)
HMS(––) @HMS(––)
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR
S S
R: Beginning result word (BCD)
R R
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR
000 000
000: No function

000

Limitations This instruction is available in the CQM1 only.

S and S+1 must be within the same data area. R and R+1 must be within the
same data area. S and S+1 must be BCD and must be between 0 and
35,999,999 seconds.
DM 6143 to DM 6655 cannot be used for R.
Description HMS(––) is used to convert time notation in seconds to an equivalent in hours/
minutes/seconds.
The number of seconds designated in S and S+1 is converted to hours/minutes/
seconds and placed in R and R+1.
For the results, the seconds are placed in bits 00 through 07 and the minutes are
placed in bits 08 through 15 of R. The hours are placed in R+1. The maximum is
9,999 hours, 59 minutes, and 59 seconds.

Flags ER: S and S+1 or R and R+1 are not in the same data area.
S and/or S+1 do not contain BCD or exceed 36,000,000 seconds.
Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is
not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
EQ: ON when the result is zero.

272
Conversion Instructions Section 5-19

Example When 00000 is OFF (i.e., when the execution condition is ON), the following
instruction would convert the seconds given in HR 12 and HR 13 to hours, min-
utes, and seconds and store the results in DM 0100 and DM 0101 as shown.

00000
HMS(––)
Address Instruction Operands
HR 12 00000 LD NOT 00000
DM 0100 00001 HMS(––)
000 HR 12
DM 0100
HR 12 5 9 2 7 10,135,927 s
000
HR 13 1 0 1 3

DM 0100 3 2 0 7
2,815 hrs, 32 min, 07 s
DM 0101 2 8 1 5

5-19-15 COLUMN-TO-LINE – LINE(––)

Ladder Symbols Operand Data Areas
S: First word of 16 word source set
LINE(––) @LINE(––)
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR
S S
C: Column bit designator (BCD)
C C
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #
D D
D: Destination word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR

Limitations This instruction is available in the CQM1 only.

S and S+15 must be in the same data area.
C must be BCD between #0000 and #0015.
DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for D.
Description When the execution condition is OFF, LINE(––) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, LINE(––) copies bit column C from the 16-word set (S
to S+15) to the 16 bits of word D (00 to 15).

Bit
C Bit
15 00
S 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
S+1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1
S+2 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1
S+3 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
S+15 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 Bit Bit
15 00

D 0 . . . 0 1 1 1

Flags ER: The column bit designator C is not BCD, or it is specifying a non-existent
bit (i.e., bit specification must be between 00 and 15).

273
Conversion Instructions Section 5-19

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
S and S+15 are not in the same data area.
EQ: ON when the content of D is zero; otherwise OFF.
Example The following example shows how to use LINE(––) to move bit column 07 from
the set (IR 100 to IR 115) to DM 0100.
00000
Address Instruction Operands
LINE(––)
100 00000 LD 00000
#0007
00001 LINE(––)
DM 0100
100
# 0007
DM 0100

5-19-16 LINE-TO-COLUMN – COLM(––)

Ladder Symbols Operand Data Areas
S: Source word
COLM(––) @COLM(––)
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR
S S
D: First word of the destination set
D D
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC LR
C C
C: Column bit designator (BCD)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

Limitations This instruction is available in the CQM1 only.

D and D+15 must be in the same data area.
DM 6129 to DM 6655 cannot be used for D.
C must be BCD between #0000 and #0015.
Description When the execution condition is OFF, COLM(––) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, COLM(––) copies the 16 bits of word S (00 to 15) to
the column of bits, C, of the 16-word set (D to D+15).
Bit Bit
15 00

S 0 . . . . . . . 0 1 1 1

Bit C Bit
15 00
D 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
D+1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1
D+2 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1
D+3 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
D+15 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0

Flags ER: The bit designator C is not BCD, or it is specifying a non-existent bit (i.e.,
bit specification must be between 00 and 15).

274
Conversion Instructions Section 5-19

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

D and D+15 are not in the same data area.

EQ: ON when the content of S is zero; otherwise OFF.

Example The following example shows how to use COLM(––) to move the contents of
word DM 0100 (00 to 15) to bit column 15 of the set (DM 0200 to DM 0215).

00000
COLM(––)
Address Instruction Operands
DM 0100 00000 LD 00000
DM 0200 00001 COLM(––)
#0015 DM 0100
DM 0200
# 0015

5-19-17 2’S COMPLEMENT – NEG(––)

Ladder Symbols Operand Data Areas

S: Source word
NEG(––) @NEG(––)
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #
S S
R: Result word
R R
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR
000 000
000

Not used. Set to 000.

Limitations This instruction is available in the CQM1-CPU4-E/-EV1 only.

DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for R.

Description Converts the four-digit hexadecimal content of the source word (S) to its 2’s
complement and outputs the result to the result word (R). This operation is effec-
tively the same as subtracting S from 0000 and outputting the result to R; it will
calculate the absolute value of negative signed binary data.
If the content of S is 0000, the content of R will also be 0000 after execution and
EQ (SR 25506) will be turned on.
If the content of S is 8000, the content of R will also be 8000 after execution and
UF (SR 25405) will be turned on.

Note Refer to 1-10 Calculating with Signed Binary Data for more details.

Flags ER: Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
EQ: ON when the content of R is zero after execution; otherwise OFF.
UF: ON when the content of S is 8000; otherwise OFF.

275
Conversion Instructions Section 5-19

Example The following example shows how to use NEG(––) to find the 2’s complement of
the content of DM 0005 and output the result to IR 105.

00100
NEG(––)
Address Instruction Operands
DM 0005 00000 LD 00100
105 00001 NEG(––)
000 DM 0005
105
000

#0000

– #001F Content of DM 0005.

#FFE1 Output to IR 105.

5-19-18 DOUBLE 2’S COMPLEMENT – NEGL(––)

Ladder Symbols Operand Data Areas

S: First source word
NEGL(––) @NEGL(––)
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR
S S
R: First result word
R R
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR
000 000
000

Not used. Set to 000.

Limitations This instruction is available in the CQM1-CPU4-E/-EV1 only.

DM 6143 to DM 6655 cannot be used for R.
S and S+1 must be in the same data area, as must R and R+1.

Description Converts the eight-digit hexadecimal content of the source words (S and S+1) to
its 2’s complement and outputs the result to the result words (R and R+1). This
operation is effectively the same as subtracting the eight-digit content S and S+1
from $0000 0000 and outputting the result to R and R+1; it will calculate the ab-
solute value of negative signed binary data.
If the content of S is 0000 0000, the content of R will also be 0000 0000 after
execution and EQ (SR 25506) will be turned on.
If the content of S is 8000 0000, the content of R will also be 8000 0000 after
execution and UF (SR 25405) will be turned on.
Note Refer to 1-10 Calculating with Signed Binary Data for more details.

Flags ER: Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
EQ: ON when the content of R+1, R is zero after execution; otherwise OFF.
UF: ON when the content of S+1, S is 8000 0000; otherwise OFF.

276
Conversion Instructions Section 5-19

Example The following example shows how to use NEGL(––) to find the 2’s complement
of the hexadecimal value in IR 151, IR 150 (001F FFFF) and output the result to
HR 04, HR 03.
00000
NEGL(––)
Address Instruction Operands
150 00000 LD 00000
LR 03 00001 NEGL(––)
000 150
LR 03
000

0000 0000

S+1: IR 151 S: IR 150

– 001F FFFF

R+1: LR 04 R: LR 03

FFE0 0001

277
BCD Calculation Instructions Section 5-20

5-20 BCD Calculation Instructions

5-20-1 SET CARRY – STC(40)
Ladder Symbols

STC(40) @STC(40)

When the execution condition is OFF, STC(40) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, STC(40) turns ON CY (SR 25504).
Note Refer to Appendix B Error and Arithmetic Flag Operation for a table listing the
instructions that affect CY.

5-20-2 CLEAR CARRY – CLC(41)

Ladder Symbols

CLC(41) @CLC(41)

When the execution condition is OFF, CLC(41) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, CLC(41) turns OFF CY (SR 25504).
CLEAR CARRY is used to reset (turn OFF) CY (SR 25504) to “0.”
Note Refer to Appendix B Error and Arithmetic Flag Operation for a table listing the
instructions that affect CY.

5-20-3 BCD ADD – ADD(30)

Operand Data Areas

Ladder Symbols Au: Augend word (BCD)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

ADD(30) @ADD(30)
Ad: Addend word (BCD)
Au Au
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #
Ad Ad
R: Result word
R R
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for R.

Description When the execution condition is OFF, ADD(30) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, ADD(30) adds the contents of Au, Ad, and CY, and
places the result in R. CY will be set if the result is greater than 9999.

Au + Ad + CY CY R

Flags ER: Au and/or Ad is not BCD.

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is
not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
CY: ON when there is a carry in the result.
EQ: ON when the result is 0.

278
BCD Calculation Instructions Section 5-20

Example If 00002 is ON, the program represented by the following diagram clears CY with
CLC(41), adds the content of IR 030 to a constant (6103), places the result in DM
0100, and then moves either all zeros or 0001 into DM 0101 depending on the
status of CY (25504). This ensures that any carry from the last digit is preserved
in R+1 so that the entire result can be later handled as eight-digit data.

TR 0
Address Instruction Operands
00002 00000 LD 00002
CLC(41) 00001 OUT TR 0
00002 CLC(41)
ADD(30)
00003 AND(30)
030
030
# 6103
#6103
DM 0100
DM 0100
00004 AND 25504
25504
00005 MOV(21)
MOV(21)
# 0001
#0001
DM 0101
DM 0101
00006 LD TR 0
25504 00007 AND NOT 25504
MOV(21)
00008 MOV(21)
#0000
# 0000
DM 0101
DM 0101

Although two ADD(30) can be used together to perform eight-digit BCD addition,
ADDL(54) is designed specifically for this purpose.

5-20-4 BCD SUBTRACT – SUB(31)

Operand Data Areas

Ladder Symbols Mi: Minuend word (BCD)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

SUB(31) @SUB(31)
Su: Subtrahend word (BCD)
Mi Mi
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #
Su Su
R: Result word
R R
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for R.

Description When the execution condition is OFF, SUB(31) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, SUB(31) subtracts the contents of Su and CY from
Mi, and places the result in R. If the result is negative, CY is set and the 10’s com-
plement of the actual result is placed in R. To convert the 10’s complement to the
true result, subtract the content of R from zero (see example below).

Mi – Su – CY CY R

Flags ER: Mi and/or Su is not BCD.

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is
not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
CY: ON when the result is negative, i.e., when Mi is less than Su plus CY.
EQ: ON when the result is 0.

279
BCD Calculation Instructions Section 5-20

! Caution Be sure to clear the carry flag with CLC(41) before executing SUB(31) if its pre-
vious status is not required, and check the status of CY after doing a subtraction
with SUB(31). If CY is ON as a result of executing SUB(31) (i.e., if the result is
negative), the result is output as the 10’s complement of the true answer. To con-
vert the output result to the true value, subtract the value in R from 0.

Example When 00002 is ON, the following ladder program clears CY, subtracts the con-
tents of DM 0100 and CY from the content of 010 and places the result in HR 10.
If CY is set by executing SUB(31), the result in HR 10 is subtracted from zero
(note that CLC(41) is again required to obtain an accurate result), the result is
placed back in HR 10, and HR 1100 is turned ON to indicate a negative result.
If CY is not set by executing SUB(31), the result is positive, the second subtrac-
tion is not performed, and HR 1100 is not turned ON. HR 1100 is programmed as
a self-maintaining bit so that a change in the status of CY will not turn it OFF
when the program is rescanned.
In this example, differentiated forms of SUB(31) are used so that the subtraction
operation is performed only once each time 00002 is turned ON. When another
subtraction operation is to be performed, 00002 will need to be turned OFF for at
least one cycle (resetting HR 1100) and then turned back ON.

TR 0
00002
CLC(41)

@SUB(31) First
010
subtraction
DM 0100

HR 10
25504
CLC(41)

@SUB(31) Second
#0000
subtraction
HR 10

HR 10

25504
HR 1100

HR 1100 Turned ON to indicate

negative result.

280
BCD Calculation Instructions Section 5-20

Address Instruction Operands

00000 LD 00002
00001 OUT TR 0
00002 CLC(41)
00003 @SUB(31)
010
DM 0100
HR 10
00004 AND 25504
00005 CLC(41)
00006 @SUB(31)
# 0000
HR 10
HR 10
00007 LD TR 0
00008 LD 25504
00009 OR HR 1100
00010 AND LD
00011 OUT HR 1100

The first and second subtractions for this diagram are shown below using exam-
ple data for 010 and DM 0100.
Note The actual SUB(31) operation involves subtracting Su and CY from 10,000 plus
Mi. For positive results the leftmost digit is truncated. For negative results the
10s complement is obtained. The procedure for establishing the correct answer
is given below.
First Subtraction
IR 010 1029
DM 0100 – 3452
CY –0
HR 10 7577 (1029 + (10000 – 3452))
CY 1 (negative result)
Second Subtraction
0000
HR 10 –7577
CY –0
HR 10 2423 (0000 + (10000 – 7577))
CY 1 (negative result)
In the above case, the program would turn ON HR 1100 to indicate that the value
held in HR 10 is negative.

5-20-5 BCD MULTIPLY – MUL(32)

Operand Data Areas

Ladder Symbols Md: Multiplicand (BCD)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

MUL(32) @MUL(32)
Mr: Multiplier (BCD)
Md Md
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #
Mr Mr
R: First result word
R R
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR LR

Limitations DM 6143 to DM 6655 cannot be used for R.

281
BCD Calculation Instructions Section 5-20

Description When the execution condition is OFF, MUL(32) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, MUL(32) multiplies Md by the content of Mr, and
places the result In R and R+1.

X Mr

R +1 R

Example When IR 00000 is ON with the following program, the contents of IR 013 and
DM 0005 are multiplied and the result is placed in HR 07 and HR 08. Example
data and calculations are shown below the program.

00000
Address Instruction Operands
MUL(32)

013
00000 LD 00000
00001 MUL(32)
DM 0005
013
HR 07
DM 0005
HR 07

Md: IR 013
3 3 5 6

Mr: DM 0005
X 0 0 2 5

R+1: HR 08 R: HR 07
0 0 0 8 3 9 0 0

Flags ER: Md and/or Mr is not BCD.

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is
not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
CY: ON when there is a carry in the result.
EQ: ON when the result is 0.

5-20-6 BCD DIVIDE – DIV(33)

Operand Data Areas

Ladder Symbol Dd: Dividend word (BCD)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

DIV(33)
Dr: Divisor word (BCD)
Dd
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #
Dr
R: First result word (BCD)
R
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations R and R+1 must be in the same data area. DM 6143 to DM 6655 cannot be used
for R.

282
BCD Calculation Instructions Section 5-20

Description When the execution condition is OFF, DIV(33) is not executed and the program
moves to the next instruction. When the execution condition is ON, Dd is divided
by Dr and the result is placed in R and R + 1: the quotient in R and the remainder
in R + 1.

Remainder Quotient

R+1 R

Dr Dd

Flags ER: Dd or Dr is not in BCD.

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is
not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
EQ: ON when the result is 0.

Example When IR 00000 is ON with the following program, the content of IR 216 is divided
by the content of HR 09 and the result is placed in DM 0017 and DM 0018. Exam-
ple data and calculations are shown below the program.

00000
Address Instruction Operands
DIV(33)
00000 LD 00000
216
00001 DIV(33)
HR 09
216
DM 0017 HR 09
Quotient Remainder DM 0017

R: DM 0017 R + 1: DM 0018
1 1 5 0 0 0 0 2

Dd: HR 09 Dd: IR 216

0 0 0 3 3 4 5 2

5-20-7 DOUBLE BCD ADD – ADDL(54)

Operand Data Areas

Ladder Symbols Au: First augend word (BCD)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR

ADDL(54) @ADDL(54)
Ad: First addend word (BCD)
Au Au
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR
Ad Ad
R: First result word
R R
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations DM 6143 to DM 6655 cannot be used for R.

283
BCD Calculation Instructions Section 5-20

Description When the execution condition is OFF, ADDL(54) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, ADDL(54) adds the contents of CY to the 8-digit val-
ue in Au and Au+1 to the 8-digit value in Ad and Ad+1, and places the result in R
and R+1. CY will be set if the result is greater than 99999999.

Au + 1 Au

Ad + 1 Ad

+ CY

CY R+1 R

Flags ER: Au and/or Ad is not BCD.

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

CY: ON when there is a carry in the result.

EQ: ON when the result is 0.

Example When 00000 is ON, the following program section adds two 12-digit numbers,
the first contained in LR 00 through LR 02 and the second in DM 0010 through
DM 0012. The result is placed in HR 10 through HR 13.
The rightmost 8 digits of the two numbers are added using ADDL(54), i.e., the
contents of LR 00 and LR 01 are added to DM 0010 and DM 0011 and the results
is placed in HR 10 and HR 11. The second addition adds the leftmost 4 digits of
each number using ADD(30), and includes any carry from the first addition. The
last instruction, ADB(50) (see 5-21-1 BINARY ADD – ADB(50)) adds two all-
zero constants to place any carry from the second addition into HR 13.

00000
Address Instruction Operands
CLC(41)
00000 LD 00000
@ADDL(54) 00001 CLC(41)
LR 00 00002 @ADDL(54)
DM 0010 LR 00
HR 10 DM 0010
HR 10
@ADD(30)
00003 @ADD(30)
LR 02
LR 02
DM 0012
DM 0012
HR 12
HR 12
@ADB(50) 00004 @ADB(50)
#0000 # 0000
#0000
# 0000
HR 13
HR 13

284
BCD Calculation Instructions Section 5-20

5-20-8 DOUBLE BCD SUBTRACT – SUBL(55)

Operand Data Areas

Ladder Symbols Mi: First minuend word (BCD)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

SUBL(55) @SUBL(55)
Su: First subtrahend word (BCD)
Mi Mi
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #
Su Su
R: First result word
R R
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations DM 6143 to DM 6655 cannot be used for R.

Description When the execution condition is OFF, SUBL(55) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, SUBL(55) subtracts CY and the 8-digit contents of Su
and Su+1 from the 8-digit value in Mi and Mi+1, and places the result in R and
R+1. If the result is negative, CY is set and the 10’s complement of the actual
result is placed in R. To convert the 10’s complement to the true result, subtract
the content of R from zero. Since an 8-digit constant cannot be directly entered,
use the BSET(71) instruction (see 5-17-4 BLOCK SET – BSET(71)) to create an
8-digit constant.

Mi + 1 Mi

Su + 1 Su

– CY

CY R+1 R

Flags ER: Mi, M+1,Su, or Su+1 are not BCD.

Example The following example works much like that for single-word subtraction. In this
example, however, BSET(71) is required to clear the content of DM 0000 and

285
BCD Calculation Instructions Section 5-20

DM 0001 so that a negative result can be subtracted from 0 (inputting an 8-digit

constant is not possible).

TR 0
00003
CLC(41)

@SUBL(55) First
HR 00 subtraction
120

DM 0100
25504
@BSET(71)

#0000

DM 0000

DM 0001

CLC(41)

@SUBL(55) Second
DM 0000 subtraction
DM 0100

DM 0100

25504
HR 0100

HR 0100 Turned ON to indicate

negative result.

Address Instruction Operands Address Instruction Operands

00000 LD 00003 00006 CLC(41)

00001 OUT TR 0 00007 @SUBL(55)
00002 CLC(41) DM 0000
00003 @SUBL(55) DM 0100
HR 00 DM 0100
120 00008 LD TR 0
DM 0100 00009 LD 25504
00004 AND 25504 00010 OR HR 0100
00005 @BSET(71) 00011 AND LD
# 0000 00012 OUT HR 0100
DM 0000
DM 0001

5-20-9 DOUBLE BCD MULTIPLY – MULL(56)

Operand Data Areas

Ladder Symbols Md: First multiplicand word (BCD)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR

MULL(56) @MULL(56)
Mr: First multiplier word (BCD)
Md Md
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR
Mr Mr
R: First result word
R R
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR LR

286
BCD Calculation Instructions Section 5-20

Limitations DM 6141 to DM 6655 cannot be used for R.

Description When the execution condition is OFF, MULL(56) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, MULL(56) multiplies the eight-digit content of Md and
Md+1 by the content of Mr and Mr+1, and places the result in R to R+3.

Md + 1 Md

x Mr + 1 Mr

R+3 R+2 R+1 R

Flags ER: Md, Md+1,Mr, or Mr+1 is not BCD.

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is
not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
CY: ON when there is a carry in the result.
EQ: ON when the result is 0.

5-20-10 DOUBLE BCD DIVIDE – DIVL(57)

Operand Data Areas

Ladder Symbols Dd: First dividend word (BCD)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR

DIVL(57) @DIVL(57)
Dr: First divisor word (BCD)
Dd Dd
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR
Dr Dr
R: First result word
R R
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR LR

Limitations DM 6141 to DM 6655 cannot be used for R.

Description When the execution condition is OFF, DIVL(57) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, DIVL(57) the eight-digit content of Dd and D+1 is di-
vided by the content of Dr and Dr+1 and the result is placed in R to R+3: the quo-
tient in R and R+1, the remainder in R+2 and R+3.

Remainder Quotient

R+3 R+2 R+1 R

Dr+1 Dr Dd+1 Dd

Flags ER: Dr and Dr+1 contain 0.

Dd, Dd+1, Dr, or Dr+1 is not BCD.
Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is
not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
EQ: ON when the result is 0.

287
BCD Calculation Instructions Section 5-20

5-20-11 SQUARE ROOT – ROOT(72)

Ladder Symbols Operand Data Areas

Sq: First source word (BCD)
ROOT(72) @ROOT(72)
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR
Sq Sq
R: Result word
R R
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR,

Limitations This instruction is available in the CQM1 only.

DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for R.

Description When the execution condition is OFF, ROOT(72) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, ROOT(72) computes the square root of the eight-dig-
it content of Sq and Sq+1 and places the result in R. The fractional portion is trun-
cated.

Sq+1 Sq

Flags ER: Sq is not BCD.

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is
not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
EQ: ON when the result is 0.

Example The following example shows how to take the square root of an eight digit num-
ber. The result is a four-digit number, with the remainder rounded off. and then
round the result.
In this example, √63250561 = 7953.0221..., which is rounded off to 7953.

00000 Address Instruction Operands

@ROOT(72)
00000 LD 00000
DM 0000
00001 @ROOT(72)
001
DM 0000
001

DM 0001 DM 0000
6 3 2 5 0 5 6 1

63,250,561 = 7953.0221
(The remainder is rounded off.)
001
7 9 5 3

288
Binary Calculation Instructions Section 5-21

5-21 Binary Calculation Instructions

5-21-1 BINARY ADD – ADB(50)
Operand Data Areas

Ladder Symbols Au: Augend word (binary)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

ADB(50) @ADB(50)
Ad: Addend word (binary)
Au Au
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #
Ad Ad
R: Result word
R R
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for R.

Description When the execution condition is OFF, ADB(50) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, ADB(50) adds the contents of Au, Ad, and CY, and
places the result in R. CY will be set if the result is greater than FFFF.

Au + Ad + CY CY R

ADB(50) can also be used to add signed binary data. With the
CQM1-CPU4-EV1, CPM1A, and SRM1, the underflow and overflow flags (SR
25404 and SR 25405) indicate whether the result has exceeded the lower or up-
per limits of the 16-bit signed binary data range.

Flags ER: Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
CY: ON when the result is greater than FFFF.
EQ: ON when the result is 0.
OF: ON when the result exceeds +32,767 (7FFF).
(CQM1-CPU4-E/-EV1 only)
UF: ON when the result is below –32,768 (8000).
(CQM1-CPU4-E/-EV1 only)
Example The following example shows a four-digit addition with CY used to place either
#0000 or #0001 into R+1 to ensure that any carry is preserved.

TR 0 Address Instruction Operands

00000 00000 LD 00000
CLC(41)
00001 OUT TR 0
00002 CLC(41)
ADB(50)
00003 ADB(50)
010
010
DM 0100
DM 0100
HR 10 =R
HR 10
25504
MOV(21)
00004 AND NOT 25504
#0000
00005 MOV(21)
HR 11
# 0000
= R+1
25504 HR 11
MOV(21) 00006 LD TR 0
#0001 00007 AND 25504
HR 11 = R+1 00008 MOV(21)
# 00001
HR 11

289
Binary Calculation Instructions Section 5-21

In the case below, A6E2 + 80C5 = 127A7. The result is a 5-digit number, so CY
(SR 25504) = 1, and the content of R + 1 becomes #0001.

Au: IR 010
A 6 E 2

Ad: DM 0100
+ 8 0 C 5

R+1: HR 11 R: HR 10
0 0 0 1 2 7 A 7

Note For signed binary calculations, the status of the UF and OF flags indicate wheth-
er the result has exceeded the signed binary data range (–32,768 (8000) to
+32,767 (7FFF)). (CQM1-CPU4-EV1 only)

5-21-2 BINARY SUBTRACT – SBB(51)

Operand Data Areas

Ladder Symbols Mi: Minuend word (binary)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

SBB(51) @SBB(51)
Su: Subtrahend word (binary)
Mi Mi
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #
Su Su
R: Result word
R R
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for R.

Description When the execution condition is OFF, SBB(51) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, SBB(51) subtracts the contents of Su and CY from Mi
and places the result in R. If the result is negative, CY is set and the 2’s comple-
ment of the actual result is placed in R.

Mi – Su – CY CY R

SBB(51) can also be used to subtract signed binary data. With

CQM1-CPU4-EV1, CPM1A, and SRM1, the underflow and overflow flags (SR
25404 and SR 25405) indicate whether the result has exceeded the lower or up-
per limits of the 16-bit signed binary data range.

Flags ER: Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
CY: ON when the result is negative, i.e., when Mi is less than Su plus CY.
EQ: ON when the result is 0.
OF: ON when the result exceeds +32,767 (7FFF).
(CQM1-CPU4-EV1 only)
UF: ON when the result is below –32,768 (8000).
(CQM1-CPU4-EV1 only)
Example The following example shows a four-digit subtraction. When IR 00001 is ON, the
content of LR 00 and CY are subtracted from the content of IR 002 and the result
is written to HR 01.

290
Binary Calculation Instructions Section 5-21

CY is turned ON if the result is negative. If normal data is being used, a negative

result (signed binary) must be converted to normal data using NEG(––). Refer to
5-19-17 2’s COMPLEMENT – NEG(––) for details.

Address Instruction Operands

00001 00000 LD 00001
CLC(41)
00001 OUT TR 1
00002 CLC(41)
SBB(51)
00003 SBB(51)
002
002
LR00
LR 00
HR 01
HR 01

In the case below, the content of LR 00 (#7A03) and CY are subtracted from
IR 002 (#F8C5). Since the result is positive, CY is 0.
If the result had been negative, CY would have been set to 1. For normal (un-
signed) data, the result would have to be converted to its 2’s complement.

Mi: IR 002
F 8 C 5

Su: LR 00
– 7 A 0 3 CY = 0
(from CLC(41))
– 0 0 0 0

R: HR 01
7 E C 2

5-21-3 BINARY MULTIPLY – MLB(52)

Operand Data Areas

Ladder Symbols Md: Multiplicand word (binary)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

MLB(52) @MLB(52)
Mr: Multiplier word (binary)
Md Md
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #
Mr Mr
R: First result word
R R
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR LR

Limitations DM 6143 to DM 6655 cannot be used for R.

MLB(52) cannot be used to multiply signed binary data. In CQM1 PCs, MBS(––)
can be used. Refer to 5-21-7 SIGNED BINARY MULTIPLY – MBS(––).

291
Binary Calculation Instructions Section 5-21

Description When the execution condition is OFF, MLB(52) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, MLB(52) multiplies the content of Md by the contents
of Mr, places the rightmost four digits of the result in R, and places the leftmost
four digits in R+1.

X Mr

R +1 R

Flags ER: Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
EQ: ON when the result is 0.

5-21-4 BINARY DIVIDE – DVB(53)

Operand Data Areas

Ladder Symbols Dd: Dividend word (binary)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

DVB(53) @DVB(53)
Dr: Divisor word (binary)
Dd Dd
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #
Dr Dr
R: First result word
R R
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR LR

Limitations DM 6143 to DM 6655 cannot be used for R.

DVB(53) cannot be used to divide signed binary data. In CQM1 PCs, DBS(––)
can be used. Refer to 5-21-9 SIGNED BINARY DIVIDE – DBS(––) for details.

Description When the execution condition is OFF, DVB(53) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, DVB(53) divides the content of Dd by the content of
Dr and the result is placed in R and R+1: the quotient in R, the remainder in R+1.

Quotient Remainder

R R+1

Dr Dd

Flags ER: Dr contains 0.

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is
not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
EQ: ON when the result is 0.

292
Binary Calculation Instructions Section 5-21

5-21-5 DOUBLE BINARY ADD – ADBL(––)

Operand Data Areas

Ladder Symbols Au: First augend word (binary)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

ADBL(––) @ADBL(––)
Ad: First addend word (binary)
Au Au
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #
Ad Ad
R: First result word
R R
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations This instruction is available in the CQM1-CPU4-E/-EV1 only.

Au and Au+1 must be in the same data area, as must Ad and Ad+1, and R and
R+1.
DM 6142 to DM 6655 cannot be used for R.
Description When the execution condition is OFF, ADBL(––) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, ADBL(––)) adds the eight-digit contents of Au+1 and
Au, the eight-digit contents of Ad+1 and Ad, and CY, and places the result in R.
CY will be set if the result is greater than FFFF FFFF.

Au + 1 Au

Ad + 1 Ad

+ CY

CY R+1 R

ADBL(––) can also be used to add signed binary data. The underflow and over-
flow flags (SR 25404 and SR 25405) indicate whether the result has exceeded
the lower or upper limits of the 32-bit signed binary data range.

Flags ER: Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
CY: ON when the result is greater than FFFF FFFF.
EQ: ON when the result is 0.
OF: ON when the result exceeds +2,147,483,647 (7FFF FFFF).
UF: ON when the result is below –2,147,483,648 (8000 0000).

293
Binary Calculation Instructions Section 5-21

Example The following example shows an eight-digit addition with CY (SR 25504) used to
represent the status of the 9th digit. The status of the UF and OF flags indicate
whether the result has exceeded the signed binary data range (–2,147,483,648
(8000 0000) to +2,147,483,647 (7FFF FFFF)).

00100 Address Instruction Operands

CLC(41) 00000 LD 00100
00001 CLC(41)
ADBL(––) 00002 ADBL(––)
LR 00 LR 20
DM 0010 DM 0010
DM 0020 DM 0020

Au + 1 : LR 01 Au : LR 00
8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ad + 1 : DM 0011 Ad : DM 0010
F F F F F F F 0

+ 0 CY (Cleared with CLC(41))

CY R + 1 : DM 0021 R : DM 0020
1 7 F F F F F F 0

1 UF (SR 25405)
0 OF (SR 25404)

Note 1. For unsigned binary addition, CY indicates that the sum of the two values
exceeds FFFF FFFF. (UF and OF can be ignored.)
2. For signed binary addition, the UF flag indicates that the sum of the two val-
ues is below –2,147,483,648 (8000 0000). (CY can be ignored.)

5-21-6 DOUBLE BINARY SUBTRACT – SBBL(––)

Operand Data Areas

Ladder Symbols Mi: Minuend word (binary)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

SBBL(––) @SBB(––)
Su: Subtrahend word (binary)
Mi Mi
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #
Su Su
R: Result word
R R
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations This instruction is available in the CQM1-CPU4-E/-EV1 only.

Mi and Mi+1 must be in the same data area, as must Su and Su+1, and R and
R+1.
DM 6142 to DM 6655 cannot be used for R.

294
Binary Calculation Instructions Section 5-21

Description When the execution condition is OFF, SBBL(––) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, SBBL(––) subtracts CY and the eight-digit value in Su
and Su+1 from the eight-digit value in Mi and Mi+1, and places the result in R and
R+1. If the result is negative, CY is set and the 2’s complement of the actual re-
sult is placed in R+1 and R. Use NEGL(––) to convert the 2’s complement to the
true result.

Mi + 1 Mi

Su + 1 Su

– CY

CY R+1 R

SBBL(––) can also be used to subtract signed binary data. The underflow and
overflow flags (SR 25404 and SR 25405) indicate whether the result has ex-
ceeded the lower or upper limits of the 32-bit signed binary data range.

Flags ER: Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
CY: ON when the result is negative, i.e., when Mi is less than Su plus CY.
EQ: ON when the result is 0.
OF: ON when the result exceeds +2,147,483,647 (7FFF FFFF).
UF: ON when the result is below –2,147,483,648 (8000 0000).
Example The following example shows an eight-digit subtraction with CY (SR 25504)
used to indicate a negative result (with unsigned data). The status of the UF and
OF flags indicate whether the result has exceeded the signed binary data range
(–2,147,483,648 (8000 0000) to +2,147,483,647 (7FFF FFFF)).

00101 Address Instruction Operands

CLC(41) 00000 LD 00101
00001 CLC(41)
SBBL(––) 00002 SBBL(––)
LR 02 LR 22
DM 0012 DM 0012
DM 0022 DM 0022

Mi + 1 : LR 03 Mi : LR 02
7 F F F F F F 0

Su + 1 : DM 0023 Su : DM 0022
– F F F F F F F 0

– 0 CY (Cleared with CLC(41))

CY R + 1 : LR 03 R : LR 02
1 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 UF (SR 25405)
1 OF (SR 25404)

Note 1. For unsigned binary data, CY indicates that the result is negative. Take the
2’s complement using NEGL(––) to obtain the absolute value of the true re-
sult. (UF and OF can be ignored.)
2. For signed binary data, the OF flag indicates that the result exceeds
+2,147,483,647 (7FFF FFFF). (CY can be ignored.)

295
Binary Calculation Instructions Section 5-21

5-21-7 SIGNED BINARY MULTIPLY – MBS(––)

Operand Data Areas

Ladder Symbols Md: Multiplicand word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

MBS(––) @MBS(––)
Mr: Multiplier word
Md Md
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #
Mr Mr
R: First result word
R R
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR LR

Limitations This instruction is available in the CQM1-CPU4-E/-EV1 only.

DM 6143 to DM 6655 cannot be used for R.

Description MBS(––) multiplies the signed binary content of two words and outputs the
8-digit signed binary result to R+1 and R. The rightmost four digits of the result
are placed in R, and the leftmost four digits are placed in R+1.
Note Refer to 1-10 Calculating with Signed Binary Data for more details.

X Mr

R +1 R

Flags ER: Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
EQ: ON when the result is 0000 0000, otherwise OFF.

Example In the following example, MBS(––) is used to multiply the signed binary contents
of DM 0010 with the signed binary contents of DM 0012 and output the result to
DM 0100 and DM 0101.

00100 Address Instruction Operands

MBS(––) 00000 LD 00100
DM 0010 00001 MBS(––)
DM 0012 DM 0010
DM 0100 DM 0012
DM 0100

Md: DM 0010
1 5 B 1 (5,553)

Mr: DM 0012
X F C 1 3 (–1,005)

R+1: DM 0101 R: DM 0100

F F A A D 8 2 3 (–5,580,765)

296
Binary Calculation Instructions Section 5-21

5-21-8 DOUBLE SIGNED BINARY MULTIPLY – MBSL(––)

Operand Data Areas

Ladder Symbols Md: First multiplicand word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

MBSL(––) @MBSL(––)
Mr: First multiplier word
Md Md
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #
Mr Mr
R: First result word
R R
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR LR

Limitations This instruction is available in the CQM1-CPU4-E/-EV1 only.

Md and Md+1 must be in the same data area, as must Mr and Mr+1.
R and R+3 must be in the same data area.
DM 6143 to DM 6655 cannot be used for R.
Description MBSL(––) multiplies the 32-bit (8-digit) signed binary data in Md+1 and Md with
the 32-bit signed binary data in Mr+1 and Mr, and outputs the 16-digit signed
binary result to R+3 through R.
Note Refer to 1-10 Calculating with Signed Binary Data for more details.

Md + 1 Md

x Mr + 1 Mr

R+3 R+2 R+1 R

Flags ER: Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
EQ: ON when the result is zero (content of R+3 through R all zeroes), other-
wise OFF.

Example In the following example, MBSL(––) is used to multiply the signed binary con-
tents of IR 101 and IR 100 with the signed binary contents of DM 0021 and
DM 0020 and output the result to LR 24 through LR 01.

00000 Address Instruction Operands

MBSL(––) 00000 LD 00000
100 00001 MBSL(––)
DM 0020 100
LR 01 DM 0020
LR 21

Md+1: IR 101 Md: IR 100

0 0 0 8 7 9 3 8 (555,320)

Mr+1: DM 0021 Mr: DM 0020

X F F F 0 A 8 1 2 (–1,005,550)

R+3: LR 04 R+2: LR 03 R+1: LR 02 R: LR 01

F F F F F F 7 D F C A 5 4 5 F 0 (–55,840,206,000)

297
Binary Calculation Instructions Section 5-21

5-21-9 SIGNED BINARY DIVIDE – DBS(––)

Operand Data Areas

Ladder Symbols Dd: Dividend word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

DBS(––) @DBS(––)
Dr: Divisor word
Dd Dd
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #
Dr Dr
R: First result word
R R
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR LR

Limitations This instruction is available in the CQM1-CPU4-E/-EV1 only.

DM 6143 to DM 6655 cannot be used for R.
Description DBS(––) divides the signed binary content of Dd by the signed binary content of
Dr, and outputs the 8-digit signed binary result to R+1 and R. The quotient is
placed in R, and the remainder is placed in R+1.
Note Refer to 1-10 Calculating with Signed Binary Data for more details.

Quotient Remainder

R R+1

Dr Dd

Flags ER: Dr contains 0.

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is
not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
EQ: ON when the content of R (the quotient) is 0000, otherwise OFF.

Example In the following example, DBS(––) is used to divide the signed binary contents of
DM 0010 with the signed binary contents of DM 0020 and output the result to
LR 21 and LR 02.

00000 Address Instruction Operands

DBS(––) 00000 LD 00000
DM 0010 00001 DBS(––)
DM 0020 DM 0010
LR 01 DM 0020
LR 21

Dd: DM 0010
D D D A (–8,742)
÷
Dr: DM 0020
0 0 1 A (26)

R+1: LR 02 R: LR 01
F F F A F E B 0 (–336 and –6/26)
Remainder (–6) Quotient (–336)

298
Binary Calculation Instructions Section 5-21

5-21-10 DOUBLE SIGNED BINARY DIVIDE – DBSL(––)

Operand Data Areas

Ladder Symbols Dd: Dividend word (binary)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

DBS(––) @DBS(––)
Dr: Divisor word (binary)
Dd Dd
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #
Dr Dr
R: First result word
R R
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR LR

Limitations This instruction is available in the CQM1-CPU4-E/-EV1 only.

Dd and Dd+1 must be in the same data area, as must Dr and Dr+1.
R and R+3 must be in the same data area.
DM 6143 to DM 6655 cannot be used for R.
Description DBS(––) divides the 32-bit (8-digit) signed binary data in Dd+1 and Dd by the
32-bit signed binary data in Dr+1 and Dr, and outputs the 16-digit signed binary
result to R+3 through R. The quotient is placed in R+1 and R, and the remainder
is placed in R+3 and R+2.
Note Refer to 1-10 Calculating with Signed Binary Data for more details.
Remainder Quotient

R+3 R+2 R+1 R

Dr+1 Dr Dd+1 Dd

Flags ER: Dr+1 and Dr contain 0.

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is
not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
EQ: ON when the content of R+1 and R (the quotient) is 0, otherwise OFF.
Example In the following example, DBSL(––) is used to divide the signed binary contents
of IR 101 and IR 100 with the signed binary contents of DM 0021 and DM 0020
and output the result to LR 24 through LR 01.

00000 Address Instruction Operands

DBSL(––) 00000 LD 00000
100 00001 DBSL(––)
DM 0020 100
LR 01 DM 0020
LR 21

Dd+1: IR 101 Dd: IR 100

F F 7 A B 1 5 C
÷
(–8,736,420)

Dr+1: DM 0021 Dr: DM 0020

0 0 0 0 0 0 1 A (26)

R+3: LR 04 R+2: LR 03 R+1: LR 02 R: LR 01

F F F F F F F C F F F A D F 7 0 (–336,016 and –4/26)

Remainder (–4) Quotient (–336)

299
Special Math Instructions Section 5-22

5-22 Special Math Instructions

5-22-1 FIND MAXIMUM – MAX(––)
Ladder Symbols Operand Data Areas
C: Control data
MAX(––) @MAX(––)
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #
C C
R1: First word in range
R1 R1
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR
D D
D: Destination word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations This instruction is available in the CQM1 only.

N must be BCD between 0001 to 9999.
R1 and R1+N–1 must be in the same data area.
DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for D.
Description When the execution condition is OFF, MAX(––) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, MAX(––) searches the range of memory from R1 to
R1+N–1 for the address that contains the maximum value and outputs the maxi-
mum value to the destination word (D).
If bit 15 of C is ON, MAX(––) identifies the address of the word containing the
maximum value in D+1. The address is identified differently for the DM area:
1, 2, 3... 1. For an address in the DM area, the word address is written to C+1. For ex-
ample, if the address containing the maximum value is DM 0114, then #0114
is written in D+1.
2. For an address in another data area, the number of addresses from the be-
ginning of the search is written to D+1. For example, if the address contain-
ing the maximum value is IR 114 and the first word in the search range is
IR 014, then #0100 is written in D+1.
If bit 14 of C is ON and more than one address contains the same maximum val-
ue, the position of the lowest of the addresses will be output to D+1. The position
will be output as the DM address for the DM area, but as an absolute position
relative to the first word in the range for all other areas.
The number of words within the range (N) is contained in the 3 rightmost digits of
C, which must be BCD between 001 and 999.
When bit 15 of C is OFF, data within the range is treated as unsigned binary and
when it is ON the data is treated as signed binary.

C: 15 14 13 12 11 00

Number of words
in range (N)
Not used – set to zero.

Output address to D+1?

1 (ON): Yes.
Data type 0 (OFF): No.
1 (ON): Signed binary
0 (OFF): Unsigned binary

! Caution If bit 14 of C is ON, values above #8000 are treated as negative numbers, so the
results will differ depending on the specified data type. Be sure that the correct
data type is specified.

300
Special Math Instructions Section 5-22

Flags ER: Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
R1 and R1+N–1 are not in the same data area.
EQ: ON when the maximum value is #0000.

5-22-2 FIND MINIMUM – MIN(––)

Ladder Symbols Operand Data Areas
C: Control data
MIN(––) @MIN(––)
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #
C C
R1: First word in range
R1 R1
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR
D D
D: Destination word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations This instruction is available in the CQM1 only.

N must be BCD between 0001 to 9999.
R1 and R1+N–1 must be in the same data area.
DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for D.
Description When the execution condition is OFF, MIN(––) is not executed. When the execu-
tion condition is ON, MIN(––) searches the range of memory from R1 to R1+N–1
for the address that contains the minimum value and outputs the minimum value
to the destination word (D).
If bit 15 of C is ON, MIN(––) identifies the address of the word containing the
minimum value in D+1. The address is identified differently for the DM area:
1, 2, 3... 1. For an address in the DM area, the word address is written to C+1. For ex-
ample, if the address containing the minimum value is DM 0114, then #0114
is written in D+1.
2. For an address in another data area, the number of addresses from the be-
ginning of the search is written to D+1. For example, if the address contain-
ing the minimum value is IR 114 and the first word in the search range is
IR 014, then #0100 is written in D+1.
If bit 14 of C is ON and more than one address contains the same minimum val-
ue, the position of the lowest of the addresses will be output to D+1. The position
will be output as the DM address for the DM area, but as an absolute position
relative to the first word in the range for all other areas.
The number of words within the range (N) is contained in the 3 rightmost digits of
C, which must be BCD between 001 and 999.
When bit 15 of C is OFF, data within the range is treated as unsigned binary and
when it is ON the data is treated as signed binary.

C: 15 14 13 12 11 00

Number of words
in range (N)
Not used – set to zero.

Output address to D+1?

1 (ON): Yes.
Data type
0 (OFF): No.
1 (ON): Signed binary
0 (OFF): Unsigned binary

301
Special Math Instructions Section 5-22

! Caution If bit 14 of C is ON, values above #8000 are treated as negative numbers, so the
results will differ depending on the specified data type. Be sure that the correct
data type is specified.

Flags ER: Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
R1 and R1+N–1 are not in the same data area.
EQ: ON when the minimum value is #0000.

5-22-3 AVERAGE VALUE – AVG(––)

Ladder Symbols Operand Data Areas
S: Source word
AVG(––)
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR
S
N: Number of cycles
N
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #
D
D: First destination word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations This instruction is available in the CQM1 only.

S must be hexadecimal.
N must be BCD from #0001 to #0064.
D and D+N+1 must be in the same data area.
DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for S, N, or D to D+N+1.
Description AVG(––) is used to calculate the average value of S over N cycles.
When the execution condition is OFF, AVG(––) is not executed.
Each time that AVG(––) is executed, the content of S is stored in words D+2 to
D+N+1. On the first execution, AVG(––) writes the content of S to D+2; on the
second execution it writes the content of S to D+3, etc. On the Nth execution,
AVG(––) writes the content of S is stored in D+N+1, AVG(––) calculates the av-
erage value of the values stored in D+2 to D+N+1, and writes the average to D.
The following diagram shows the function of words D to D+N+1.

D Average value (after N or more executions)

D+1 Used by the system.
D+2 Content of S from the 1st execution of AVG(––)
D+3 Content of S from the 2nd execution of AVG(––)

D+N+1 Content of S from the Nth execution of AVG(––)

Precautions The average value is calculated in binary. Be sure that the content of S is in
binary.
N must be BCD from #0001 to #0064. If the content of N ≥ #0065, AVG(––) will
operate with N=64.
The average value will be rounded off to the nearest integer value. (0.5 is
rounded up to 1.)
Leave the contents of D+1 set to #0000 after the first execution of AVG(––).

302
Special Math Instructions Section 5-22

Flags ER: Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
One or more operands have been set incorrectly.
D and D+N+1 are not in the same data area.

Example In the following example, the content of IR 040 is set to #0000 and then increm-
ented by 1 each cycle. For the first two cycles, AVG(––) moves the content of
IR 040 to DM 1002 and DM 1003. On the third and later cycles AVG(––) calcu-
lates the average value of the contents of DM 1002 to DM 1004 and writes that
average value to DM 1000.

00001
@MOV(21)
Address Instruction Operands
#0000
00000 LD 00001
040
00001 @MOV(21)
# 0000
AVG(––)
040
040
00002 AVG(––)
#0003 040
DM 1000 # 0003
DM 1000
CLC(41) 00003 CLC(41)
00004 ADB(50)
040
ADB(50)
# 0001
040
040
#0001

040

1st cycle 2nd cycle 3rd cycle 4th cycle

IR 040 0000 0001 0002 0003

1st cycle 2nd cycle 3rd cycle 4th cycle

DM 1000 0000 0001 0001 0002 Average
DM 1001 Used by the system.
DM 1002 0000 0000 0000 0003 Previous
DM 1003 --- 0001 0001 0001 values of
DM 1004 --- --- 0002 0002 IR 40

5-22-4 SUM – SUM(––)

Ladder Symbols Operand Data Areas
C: Control data
SUM(––) @SUM(––)
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR, #
C C
R1: First word in range
R1 R1
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR
D D
D: First destination word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations This instruction is available in the CQM1 only.

The 3 rightmost digits of C must be BCD between 001 and 999.

303
Special Math Instructions Section 5-22

DM 6143 to DM 6655 cannot be used for D.

If bit 14 of C is OFF (setting for BCD data), all data within the range R1 to R1+N–1
must be BCD.
Description When the execution condition is OFF, SUM(––) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, SUM(––) adds either the contents of words R1 to
R1+N–1 or the bytes in words R1 to R1+N/2–1 and outputs that value to the des-
tination words (D and D+1). The data can be summed as binary or BCD and will
be output in the same form. Binary data can be either signed or unsigned.
The function of bits in C are shown in the following diagram and explained in
more detail below.

C: 15 14 13 12 11 00

Number of items in range (N, BCD)

Number of words or number of bytes
001 to 999
First byte (when bit 13 is ON)
1 (ON): Rightmost
0 (OFF): Leftmost
Addition units
Data type 1 (ON): Bytes
1 (ON): Binary 0 (OFF): Words
0 (OFF): BCD
Data type
1 (ON): Signed binary
0 (OFF): Unsigned binary

Number of Items in Range The number of items within the range (N) is contained in the 3 rightmost digits of
C, which must be BCD between 001 and 999. This number will indicate the num-
ber of words or the number of bytes depending the items being summed.
Addition Units Words will be added if bit 13 is OFF and bytes will be added if bit 13 is ON.
If bytes are specified, the range can begin with the leftmost or rightmost byte of
R1. The leftmost byte of R1 will not be added if bit 12 is ON.
MSB LSB
R1 1 2
R1+1 3 4
R1+2 5 6
R1+3 7 8

The bytes will be added in this order when bit 12 is OFF: 1+2+3+4....
The bytes will be added in this order when bit 12 is ON: 2+3+4....
Data Type Data within the range is treated as unsigned binary when bit 14 of C is ON and bit
15 is OFF, and it is treated as signed binary when both bits 14 and 15 are ON.
Data within the range is treated as BCD when bit 14 of C is OFF, regardless of the
status of bit 15.

Flags ER: Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
R1 and R1+N–1 are not in the same data area.
The number of items in C is not BCD between 001 and 999.
The data being summed in not BCD when BCD was designated.
EQ: ON when the result is zero.

304
Special Math Instructions Section 5-22

Example In the following example, the BCD contents of the 8 words from DM 0000 to
DM 0007 are added when IR 00001 is ON and the result is written to DM 0010
and DM 0011.

00001 Address Instruction Operands

@SUM(––)

#0008 00000 LD 00001

DM 0000 00001 @SUM(––)
DM 0010
# 0008
DM 0000
DM 0010

DM 0000 0001
DM 0001 0002
DM 0002 0003
DM 0003 0004 DM 0010 0036
DM 0004 0005 DM 0011 0000
DM 0005 0006
DM 0006 0007
DM 0007 0008

5-22-5 ARITHMETIC PROCESS – APR(––)

Ladder Symbols Operand Data Areas
C: Control word
APR(––) @APR(––)
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #
C C
S: Input data source word
S S
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR
D D
D: Result destination word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR,TC, LR

Limitations This instruction is available in the CQM1 only.

For trigonometric functions S must be BCD from 0000 to 0900 (0°≤ ≤ 90°).
DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for D.
Description When the execution condition is OFF, APR(––) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, the operation of APR(––) depends on the control
word C.
If C is #0000 or #0001, APR(––) computes sin() or cos()*. The BCD value of S
specifies in tenths of degrees.
If C is an address, APR(––) computes f(x) of the function entered in advance be-
ginning at word C. The function is a series of line segments (which can approxi-
mate a curve) determined by the operator. The BCD or hexadecimal value of S
specifies x.

Flags ER: Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
For trigonometric functions, x > 0900. (x is the content of S.)
A constant other than #0000 or #0001 was designated for C.
The linear approximation data is not readable.
EQ: The result is 0000.

305
Special Math Instructions Section 5-22

Examples
Sine Function The following example demonstrates the use of the APR(––) sine function to cal-
culate the sine of 30°. The sine function is specified when C is #0000.

00000 Address Instruction Operands

APR(––)
00000 LD 00000
#0000 00001 APR(––)
DM 0000 # 0000
DM 0100 DM 0000
DM 0100

Input data, x Result data

S: DM 0000 D: DM 0100
0 101 100 10–1 10–1 10–2 10–3 10–4
0 3 0 0 5 0 0 0

Enter input data not exceed- Result data has four significant
ing #0900 in BCD. digits, fifth and higher digits are
ignored. The result for sin(90) will
be 0.9999, not 1.

Cosine Function The following example demonstrates the use of the APR(––) cosine function to
calculate the cosine of 30°. The cosine function is specified when C is #0001.

00000 Address Instruction Operands

APR(––)
00000 LD 00000
#0001 00001 APR(––)
DM 0010 # 0001
DM 0110 DM 0010
DM 0110

Input data, x Result data

S: DM 0010 D: DM 0110
0 101 100 10–1 10–1 10–2 10–3 10–4
0 3 0 0 8 6 6 0

Enter input data not exceed- Result data has four significant
ing #0900 in BCD. digits, fifth and higher digits are
ignored. The result for cos(0) will
be 0.9999, not 1.

Linear Approximation APR(––) linear approximation is specified when C is a memory address. Word C
is the first word of the continuous block of memory containing the linear approxi-
mation data.
The content of word C specifies the number of line segments in the approxima-
tion, and whether the input and output are in BCD or BIN form. Bits 00 to 07 con-
tain the number of line segments less 1, m–1, as binary data. Bits 14 and 15 de-
termine, respectively, the output and input forms: 0 specifies BCD and 1 speci-
fies BIN.

C: 15 14 13 Not used. 07 06 05 04 03 02 01 00

Source data form

1 (ON): f(x)=f(Xm–S)
0 (OFF): f(x)=f(S) Number of coordinates
minus one (m–1)
Output form
Input form

306
Special Math Instructions Section 5-22

Enter the coordinates of the m+1 end-points, which define the m line segments,
as shown in the following table. Enter all coordinates in BIN form. Always enter
the coordinates from the lowest X value (X1) to the highest (Xm). X0 is 0000, and
Y does not have to be entered.

Ym Word Coordinate
C+1 Xm (max. X value)
Y4 C+2 Y0
C+3 X1
Y3 C+4 Y1
Y1 C+5 X2
C+6 Y2
Y2 ↓ ↓
C+(2m+1) Xm
Y0
X C+(2m+2) Ym
X0 X1 X2 X3 X4 Xm

If bit 13 of C is set to 1, the graph will be reflected from left to right, as shown in the
following diagram.

Y Y

X X
X0 Xm Xm X0

The following example demonstrates the construction of a linear approximation

with 12 line segments. The block of data is continuous, as it must be, from DM
0000 to DM 0026 (C to C + (2 × 12 + 2)). The input data is taken from IR 010, and
the result is output to IR 011.

00000 Address Instruction Operands

APR(––)
00000 LD 00000
DM 0000 00001 APR(––)
010 DM 0000
011 010
011

Content Coordinate Bit Bit

15 00

DM 0000 $C00B 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1
DM 0001 $05F0 X12
DM 0002 $0000 Y0 (Output and (m–1 = 11: 12 line
input both BIN) segments)
DM 0003 $0005 X1
DM 0004 $0F00 Y1
DM 0005 $001A X2
DM 0006 $0402 Y2
↓ ↓ ↓
DM 0025 $05F0 X12
DM 0026 $1F20 Y12

307
Logic Instructions Section 5-23

In this case, the input data word, IR 010, contains #0014, and f(0014) = #0726 is
output to R, IR 011.

$1F20

$0F00

(x,y)
$0726

$0402

(0,0) X
$0005 $0014 $001A $05F0

5-23 Logic Instructions

5-23-1 COMPLEMENT – COM(29)

Ladder Symbols Operand Data Areas

Wd: Complement word

COM(29) @COM(29)
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR
Wd Wd

Limitations DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for Wd.

Description When the execution condition is OFF, COM(29) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, COM(29) clears all ON bits and sets all OFF bits in
Wd.

Precautions The complement of Wd will be calculated every cycle if the undifferentiated form
of COM(29) is used. Use the differentiated form (@COM(29)) or combine
COM(29) with DIFU(13) or DIFD(14) to calculate the complement just once.

Example 15 00

Original 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1

15 00
Complement 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0

Flags ER: Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
EQ: ON when the result is 0.

308
Logic Instructions Section 5-23

5-23-2 LOGICAL AND – ANDW(34)

Operand Data Areas

Ladder Symbols I1: Input 1

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

ANDW(34) @ANDW(34)
I2: Input 2
I1 I1
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #
I2 I2
R: Result word
R R
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for R.

Description When the execution condition is OFF, ANDW(34) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, ANDW(34) logically AND’s the contents of I1 and I2
bit-by-bit and places the result in R.

Example 15 00

I1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1

15 00

I2 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1

15 00

R 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1

Flags ER: Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
EQ: ON when the result is 0.

5-23-3 LOGICAL OR – ORW(35)

Operand Data Areas

Ladder Symbols I1: Input 1

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

ORW(35) @ORW(35)
I2: Input 2
I1 I1
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #
I2 I2
R: Result word
R R
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for R.

309
Logic Instructions Section 5-23

Description When the execution condition is OFF, ORW(35) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, ORW(35) logically OR’s the contents of I1 and I2 bit-
by-bit and places the result in R.

Example 15 00

I1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1

15 00

I2 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1

15 00

R 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1

Flags ER: Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
EQ: ON when the result is 0.

5-23-4 EXCLUSIVE OR – XORW(36)

Operand Data Areas

Ladder Symbols I1: Input 1

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

XORW(36) @XORW(36)
I2: Input 2
I1 I1
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #
I2 I2
R: Result word
R R
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for R.

Description When the execution condition is OFF, XORW(36) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, XORW(36) exclusively OR’s the contents of I1 and I2
bit-by-bit and places the result in R.

Example 15 00

I1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1

15 00

I2 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1

15 00

R 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0

Flags ER: Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
EQ: ON when the result is 0.

310
Increment/Decrement Instructions Section 5-24

5-23-5 EXCLUSIVE NOR – XNRW(37)

Operand Data Areas

Ladder Symbols I1: Input 1

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

XNRW(37) @XNRW(37)
I2: Input 2
I1 I1
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #
I2 I2
R: Result word
R R
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for R.

Description When the execution condition is OFF, XNRW(37) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, XNRW(37) exclusively NOR’s the contents of I1 and
I2 bit-by-bit and places the result in R.
15 00

I1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1

15 00

I2 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1

15 00

R 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1

Flags ER: Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
EQ: ON when the result is 0.

5-24 Increment/Decrement Instructions

5-24-1 BCD INCREMENT – INC(38)
Ladder Symbols Operand Data Areas

Wd: Increment word (BCD)

INC(38) @INC(38)
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR
Wd Wd

Limitations DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for Wd.

Description When the execution condition is OFF, INC(38) is not executed. When the execu-
tion condition is ON, INC(38) increments Wd, without affecting Carry (CY).
Precautions The content of Wd will be incremented every cycle if the undifferentiated form of
INC(38) is used. Use the differentiated form (@INC(38)) or combine INC(38)
with DIFU(13) or DIFD(14) to increment Wd just once.

Flags ER: Wd is not BCD

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is
not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
EQ: ON when the incremented result is 0.

311
Increment/Decrement Instructions Section 5-24

5-24-2 BCD DECREMENT – DEC(39)

Ladder Symbols Operand Data Areas

Wd: Decrement word (BCD)

DEC(39) @DEC(39)
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR
Wd Wd

Limitations DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for Wd.

Description When the execution condition is OFF, DEC(39) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, DEC(39) decrements Wd, without affecting CY.
DEC(39) works the same way as INC(38) except that it decrements the value
instead of incrementing it.
Precautions The content of Wd will be decremented every cycle if the undifferentiated form of
DEC(39) is used. Use the differentiated form (@DEC(39)) or combine DEC(39)
with DIFU(13) or DIFD(14) to decrement Wd just once.

Flags ER: Wd is not BCD.

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is
not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
EQ: ON when the decremented result is 0.

312
Subroutine Instructions Section 5-25

5-25 Subroutine Instructions

Subroutines break large control tasks into smaller ones and enable you to reuse
a given set of instructions. When the main program calls a subroutine, control is
transferred to the subroutine and the subroutine instructions are executed. The
instructions within a subroutine are written in the same way as main program
code. When all the subroutine instructions have been executed, control returns
to the main program to the point just after the point from which the subroutine
was entered (unless otherwise specified in the subroutine).

5-25-1 SUBROUTINE ENTER – SBS(91)

Ladder Symbol Definer Data Areas

N: Subroutine number
SBS(91) N
000 to 255

Limitations The CQM1-CPU11/21-E supports only subroutine numbers 000 through 127.
The CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1 support only subroutine numbers 000 through 049.

Description A subroutine can be executed by placing SBS(91) in the main program at the
point where the subroutine is desired. The subroutine number used in SBS(91)
indicates the desired subroutine. When SBS(91) is executed (i.e., when the
execution condition for it is ON), the instructions between the SBN(92) with the
same subroutine number and the first RET(93) after it are executed before
execution returns to the instruction following the SBS(91) that made the call.

Main program

SBS(91) 00

Main program

SBN(92) 00

Subroutine

RET(93)
END(01)

SBS(91) may be used as many times as desired in the program, i.e., the same
subroutine may be called from different places in the program).

313
Subroutine Instructions Section 5-25

SBS(91) may also be placed into a subroutine to shift program execution from
one subroutine to another, i.e., subroutines may be nested. When the second
subroutine has been completed (i.e., RET(93) has been reached), program
execution returns to the original subroutine which is then completed before re-
turning to the main program. Nesting is possible to up to sixteen levels. A sub-
routine cannot call itself (e.g., SBS(91) 000 cannot be programmed within the
subroutine defined with SBN(92) 000). The following diagram illustrates two lev-
els of nesting.

SBN(92) 010 SBN(92) 011 SBN(92) 012

SBS(91) 010 SBS(91) 011 SBS(91) 012

RET(93) RET(93) RET(93)

The following diagram illustrates program execution flow for various execution
conditions for two SBS(91).

SBS(91) 000 OFF execution conditions for

subroutines 000 and 001
B A B C
Main
program SBS(91) 001
ON execution condition for
subroutine 000 only

C
A D B C

ON execution condition for

SBN(92) 000 subroutine 001 only
A B E C
D

RET(93) ON execution conditions for

SBN(92) 001 subroutines 000 and 001
Subroutines
A D B E C
E

RET(93)
END(01)

Flags ER: A subroutine does not exist for the specified subroutine number.
A subroutine has called itself.
An active subroutine has been called.

! Caution SBS(91) will not be executed and the subroutine will not be called when ER is
ON.

314
Special Instructions Section 5-26

5-25-2 SUBROUTINE DEFINE and RETURN – SBN(92)/RET(93)

Ladder Symbols Definer Data Areas

N: Subroutine number
SBN(92) N
000 to 255

RET(93)

Limitations The CQM1-CPU11/21-E support only subroutine numbers 000 through 127.
The CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1 PCs support only subroutine numbers 000 through
049.
Each subroutine number can be used in SBN(92) once only.
Description SBN(92) is used to mark the beginning of a subroutine program; RET(93) is
used to mark the end. Each subroutine is identified with a subroutine number, N,
that is programmed as a definer for SBN(92). This same subroutine number is
used in any SBS(91) that calls the subroutine (see 5-25-1 SUBROUTINE EN-
TER – SBS(91)). No subroutine number is required with RET(93).
All subroutines must be programmed at the end of the main program. When one
or more subroutines have been programmed, the main program will be
executed up to the first SBN(92) before returning to address 00000 for the next
cycle. Subroutines will not be executed unless called by SBS(91).
END(01) must be placed at the end of the last subroutine program, i.e., after the
last RET(93). It is not required at any other point in the program.
Precautions If SBN(92) is mistakenly placed in the main program, it will inhibit program
execution past that point, i.e., program execution will return to the beginning
when SBN(92) is encountered.
If either DIFU(13) or DIFU(14) is placed within a subroutine, the operand bit will
not be turned OFF until the next time the subroutine is executed, i.e., the oper-
and bit may stay ON longer than one cycle.

Flags There are no flags directly affected by these instructions.

5-26 Special Instructions

5-26-1 TRACE MEMORY SAMPLING – TRSM(45)
! Caution This instruction is not supported by CQM1-CPU11-E/21-E, the
CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1 PCs.

Data tracing can be used to facilitate debugging programs. To set up and use
data tracing it is necessary to have a host computer running SSS; no data tracing
is possible from a Programming Console. Data tracing is described in detail in
the SSS Operation Manual: C-series PCs. This section shows the ladder symbol
for TRSM(45) and gives an example program.

Ladder Symbol

TRSM(45)

Description TRSM(45) is used in the program to mark locations where specified data is to be
stored in Trace Memory. Up to 12 bits and up to 3 words may be designated for
tracing. (Refer to the SSS Operation Manual: C-series PCs for details.)

315
Special Instructions Section 5-26

TRSM(45) is not controlled by an execution condition, but rather by two bits in

the AR area: AR 2515 and AR 2514. AR 2515 is the Sampling Start bit. This bit is
turned ON to start the sampling processes for tracing. The Sampling Start bit
must not be turned ON from the program, i.e., it must be turned ON only from the
peripheral device. AR 2514 is the Trace Start bit. When it is set, the specified
data is recorded in Trace Memory. The Trace Start bit can be set either from the
program or from the Programming Device. A positive or negative delay can also
be set to alter the actual point from which tracing will begin.
Data can be recorded in any of three ways. TRSM(45) can be placed at one or
more locations in the program to indicate where the specified data is to be
traced. If TRSM(45) is not used, the specified data will be traced when END(01)
is executed. The third method involves setting a timer interval from the peripher-
al devices so that the specified data will be tracing at a regular interval indepen-
dent of the cycle time. (Refer to the SSS Operation Manual: C-series PCs.)
TRSM(45) can be incorporated anywhere in a program, any number of times.
The data in the trace memory can then be monitored via a Programming Con-
sole, host computer, etc.
AR Control Bits and Flags The following control bits and flags are used during data tracing. The Tracing
Flag will be ON during tracing operations. The Trace Completed Flag will turn
ON when enough data has been traced to fill Trace Memory.
Flag Function
AR 2515 Sampling Start Bit*
AR 2514 Trace Start Bit
AR 2513 Tracing Flag
AR 2512 Trace Completed Flag

Note *Do not change the status of AR 2515 from the program.

Precautions If TRSM(45) occurs TRSM(45) will not be executed within a JMP(08) – JME(09)
block when the jump condition is OFF.
Example The following example shows the basic program and operation for data tracing.
Force set the Sampling Start Bit (AR 2515) to begin sampling. The Sampling
Start Bit must not be turned ON from the program. The data is read and stored
into trace memory.
When IR 00000 is ON, the Trace Start Bit (AR 2514) is also turned ON, and the
CPU Unit looks at the delay and marks the trace memory accordingly. This can
mean that some of the samples already made will be recorded as the trace
memory (negative delay), or that more samples will be made before they are re-
corded (positive delay).

316
Special Instructions Section 5-26

The sampled data is written to trace memory, jumping to the beginning of the
memory area once the end has been reached and continuing up to the start
marker. This might mean that previously recorded data (i.e., data from this sam-
ple that falls before the start marker) is overwritten (this is especially true if the
delay is positive). The negative delay cannot be such that the required data was
executed before sampling was started.

00000
AR
2514 Starts data tracing.

TRSM(45)
Designates point for
tracing.

AR 2513 ON when tracing

00200 Indicates that tracing is in
progress.

AR 2512 ON when trace is complete

00201 Indicates that tracing has
been completed.

Address Instruction Operands Address Instruction Operands

00000 LD 0000 00004 OUT 00200

00001 OUT AR 2514 00005 LD AR 2512
00002 TRSM(45) 00006 OUT 00201
00003 LD AR 2513

5-26-2 MESSAGE DISPLAY – MSG(46)

Ladder Symbols Operand Data Areas

FM: First message word

MSG(46) @MSG(46)
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR
FM FM

Limitations DM 6649 to DM 6655 cannot be used for FM.

Description When executed with an ON execution condition, MSG(46) reads eight words of
extended ASCII code from FM to FM+7 and displays the message on the Pro-
gramming Console. The displayed message can be up to 16 characters long,
i.e., each ASCII character code requires eight bits (two digits). Refer to Appen-
dix H for the ASCII codes. Japanese katakana characters are included in this
code.
If not all eight words are required for the message, it can be stopped at any point
by inputting “OD.” When OD is encountered in a message, no more words will be
read and the words that normally would be used for the message can be used for
other purposes.
Message Buffering and Up to three messages can be buffered in memory. Once stored in the buffer, they
Priority are displayed on a first in, first out basis. Since it is possible that more than three
MSG(46)s may be executed within a single cycle, there is a priority scheme,
based on the area where the messages are stored, for the selection of those
messages to be buffered.

317
Special Instructions Section 5-26

The priority of the data areas is as follows for message display:

LR > IR > HR > AR > TC > DM
In handling messages from the same area, those with the lowest ad-
dress values have higher priority.
In handling indirectly addressed messages (i.e. DM), those with the
lowest final DM addresses have higher priority.

Clearing Messages To clear a message, execute FAL(06) 00 or clear it via a Programming Console
or the SSS.
If the message data changes while the message is being displayed, the display
will also change.

Flags ER: Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

Example The following example shows the display that would be produced for the instruc-
tion and data given when 00000 was ON. If 00001 goes ON, a message will be
cleared.

00000
Address Instruction Operands
MSG(46)
00000 LD 00000
DM 0010
00001 MSG(46)
00001
FAL(06) 00 DM 0010
00002 LD 00001
00003 FAL(06) 00

DM contents ASCII
equivalent
DM 0010 4 1 4 2 A B
DM 0011 4 3 4 4 C D MSG
DM 0012 4 5 4 6 E F ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOP
DM 0013 4 7 4 8 G H
DM 0014 4 9 4 A I J
DM 0015 4 B 4 C K L
DM 0016 4 D 4 E M N
DM 0017 4 F 5 0 O P

5-26-3 I/O REFRESH – IORF(97)

Ladder Symbol Operand Data Areas
St: Starting word
IORF(97)
IR 000 to IR 115
St
E: End word
E
IR 000 to IR 115

Note This instruction is not supported by SRM1 PCs.

Limitations St must be less than or equal to E.

Description To refresh I/O words, specify the first (St) and last (E) I/O words to be refreshed.
When the execution condition for IORF(97) is ON, all words between St and E

318
Special Instructions Section 5-26

will be refreshed. This will be in addition to the normal I/O refresh performed dur-
ing the CPU Unit’s cycle.
Note This instruction will have no effect on words that are not being used for I/O.

Flags There are no flags affected by this instruction.

5-26-4 MACRO – MCRO(99)

Operand Data Areas

Ladder Symbols N: Subroutine number

000 to 127
MCRO(99) @MCRO(99)
I1: First input word
N N
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR
I1 I1
O1: First output word
O1 O1
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for O1. The CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1 PCs
support only subroutine numbers 000 through 049.
Description The MACRO instruction allows a single subroutine to replace several subrou-
tines that have identical structure but different operands. There are 4 input
words, IR 096 to IR 099 (IR 232 to IR 235 in the CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1), and 4
output words, IR 196 to IR 199 (IR 236 to IR 239 in CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1 PCs),
allocated to MCRO(99). These 8 words are used in the subroutine and take their
contents from I1 to I1+3 and O1 to O1+3 when the subroutine is executed.
When the execution condition is OFF, MCRO(99) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, MCRO(99) copies the contents of I1 to I1+3 to IR 096
to IR 099, copies the contents of O1 to O1+3 to IR 196 to IR 199, and then calls
and executes the subroutine specified in N. When the subroutine is completed,
the contents of IR 196 through IR 199 is then transferred back to O1 to O1+3
before MCRO(99) is completed.
Note Refer to page 128 for more details on MCRO(99).

Example In this example, the contents of DM 0010 through DM 0013 are copied to IR 096
through IR 099, the contents of DM 0020 through DM 0023 are copied to IR 196
through IR 199, and subroutine 10 is called and executed. When the subroutine

319
Special Instructions Section 5-26

is completed, the contents of IR 196 to IR 199 are copied back to DM 0020 to

DM 0023.

Main program

MCRO(99) 10
DM 0010
DM 0020

Main program

SBN(92) 10

Subroutine

RET(93)
END(01)

Flags ER: A subroutine does not exist for the specified subroutine number.
An operand has exceeded a data area boundary.
Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is
not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
A subroutine has called itself.
An active subroutine has been called.

5-26-5 BIT COUNTER – BCNT(67)

Ladder Symbols Operand Data Areas
N: Number of words (BCD)
BCNT(67) @BCNT(67)
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #
N N
SB: Source beginning word
SB SB
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR
R R
R: Destination word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR

Note BCNT(67) is an expansion instruction for the SRM1. The function code 67 is the
factory setting and can be changed for the SRM1 if desired.

Limitations N cannot be 0.
DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for R.
Description When the execution condition is OFF, BCNT(67) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, BCNT(67) counts the total number of bits that are ON
in all words between SB and SB+(N–1) and places the result in R.

Flags ER: N is not BCD, or N is 0; SB and SB+(N–1) are not in the same area.
The resulting count value exceeds 9999.

320
Special Instructions Section 5-26

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
EQ: ON when the result is 0.

5-26-6 FRAME CHECKSUM – FCS(––)

Ladder Symbols Operand Data Areas
C: Control data
FCS(––) @FCS(––)
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR, #
C C
R1: First word in range
R1 R1
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR
D D
D: First destination word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations This instruction is available in the CQM1/SRM1 only.

The 3 rightmost digits of C must be BCD between 001 and 999.
DM 6143 to DM 6655 cannot be used for D.
Description FCS(––) can be used to check for errors when transferring data through commu-
nications ports.
When the execution condition is OFF, FCS(––) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, FCS(––) calculates the frame checksum of the speci-
fied range by exclusively ORing either the contents of words R1 to R1+N–1 or the
bytes in words R1 to R1+N–1. The frame checksum value (hexadecimal) is then
converted to ASCII and output to the destination words (D and D+1).
The function of bits in C are shown in the following diagram and explained in
more detail below.

C: 15 14 13 12 11 00

Number of items in range (N, BCD)

001 to 999 words or bytes
First byte (when bit 13 is ON)
1 (ON): Rightmost
0 (OFF): Leftmost
Calculation units
Not used. Set to zero. 1 (ON): Bytes
0 (OFF): Words

Number of Items in Range The number of items within the range (N) is contained in the 3 rightmost digits of
C, which must be BCD between 001 and 999.
Calculation Units The frame checksum of words will be calculated if bit 13 is OFF and the frame
checksum of bytes will be calculated if bit 13 is ON.
If bytes are specified, the range can begin with the leftmost or rightmost byte of
R1. The leftmost byte of R1 will not be included if bit 12 is ON.
MSB LSB
R1 1 2
R1+1 3 4
R1+2 5 6
R1+3 7 8

321
Special Instructions Section 5-26

When bit 12 is OFF the bytes will be ORed in this order: 1, 2, 3, 4, ....
When bit 12 is ON the bytes will be ORed in this order: 2, 3, 4, 5, ....
Conversion to ASCII The byte frame checksum calculation yields a 2-digit hexadecimal value which is
converted to its 4-digit ASCII equivalent. The word frame checksum calculation
yields a 4-digit hexadecimal value which is converted to its 8-digit ASCII equiva-
lent, as shown below.
Byte frame checksum value Word frame checksum value
4A F10B

D 3 4 4 1 D 4 6 3 1 D+1 3 0 4 2

Flags ER: Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
The number of items is not 001 to 999 BCD.

Example When IR 00000 is ON in the following example, the frame checksum (0008) is
calculated for the 8 words from DM 0000 to DM 0007 and the ASCII equivalent
(30 30 30 38) is written to DM 0010 and DM 0011.

00000 Address Instruction Operands

@FCS(––)

#0008 00000 LD 00000

DM 0000 00001 @FCS(––)
DM 0010
# 0008
DM 0000
DM 0010

DM 0000 0001 FCS

calculation
DM 0001 0002 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
DM 0002 0003
DM 0003 0004 0 0 0 8
DM 0004 0005 ASCII code
DM 0005 0006 conversion
DM 0006 0007
DM 0010 3 0 3 0 DM 0011 3 0 3 8
DM 0007 0008

5-26-7 FAILURE POINT DETECTION – FPD(––)

Ladder Symbols Operand Data Areas
C: Control data
FPD(––)
#
C
T: Monitoring time (BCD)
T
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC. LR, #
D
D: First register word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations This instruction is available in the CQM1 only.

D and D+8 must be in the same data area when bit 15 of C is ON.
DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for T or D.
C must be input as a constant.

322
Special Instructions Section 5-26

Description FPD(––) can be used in the program as many times as desired, but each must
use a different D. It is used to monitor the time between the execution of FPD(––)
and the execution of a diagnostic output. If the time exceeds T, an FAL(06) non-
fatal error will be generated with the FAL number specified in C.
The program sections marked by dashed lines in the following diagram can be
written according to the needs of the particular program application. The proces-
sing programming section triggered by CY is optional and can used any instruc-
tions but LD and LD NOT. The logic diagnostic instructions and execution condi-
tion can consist of any combination of NC or NO conditions desired.

Execution Branch
FPD(––)(50)
condition
C

D
SR 25504
(CY Flag)
Processing after
error detection.

Logic Diagnostic
diagnostic output
instructions

When the execution condition is OFF, FPD(––) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, FPD(––) monitors the time until the logic diagnostics
condition goes ON, turning ON the diagnostic output. If this time exceeds T, the
following will occur:
1, 2, 3... 1. An FAL(06) error is generated with the FAL number specified in the first two
digits of C. If 00 is specified, however, an error will not be generated.
2. The logic diagnostic instructions are searched for the first OFF input condi-
tion and this condition’s bit address is output to the destination words begin-
ning at D.
3. The CY Flag (SR 25504) is turned ON. An error processing program section
can be executed using the CY Flag if desired.
4. If bit 15 of C is ON, a preset message with up to 8 ASCII characters will be
displayed on the Peripheral Device along with the bit address mentioned in
step 2.
Control Data The function of the control data bits in C are shown in the following diagram.

C: 15 14 08 07 00

Not used. Set to zero. FAL number

(2-digit BCD, 00 to 99)

Diagnostics output
0 (OFF): Bit address output (binary)
1 (ON): Bit address and message output (ASCII)

Logic Diagnostic Instructions If the time until the logic diagnostics condition goes ON exceeds T, the logic diag-
nostic instructions are searched for the OFF input condition. If more than one
input condition is OFF, the input condition on the highest instruction line and
nearest the left bus bar is selected.
00000 00002
Diagnostic
output

00001 00003

323
Special Instructions Section 5-26

When IR 00000 to IR 00003 are ON, the normally closed condition IR 00002
would be found as the cause of the diagnostic output not turning ON.
Diagnostics Output There are two ways to output the bit address of the OFF condition detected in the
logic diagnostics condition.
1, 2, 3... 1. Bit address output (used when bit 15 of C is OFF).
Bit 15 of D indicates whether or not bit address information is stored in D+1.
If there is, bit 14 of D indicates whether the input condition is normally open
or closed.

D: 15 14 13 00

Not used.
Input condition
0 (OFF): Normally open
1 (ON): Normally closed

Bit address information

0 (OFF): Not recorded in D+1.
1 (ON): Recorded in D+1.

D+1 contains the bit address code of the input condition, as shown below.
The word addresses, bit numbers, and TC numbers are in binary.
Data D+1 bit status
Area 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01 00
IR, SR 1 0 0 0 Word address Bit number
HR 1 0 0 1 1 Word address Bit number
LR 1 0 0 1 0 0 Word address Bit number
TC* 1 0 0 1 0 1 * Timer or counter number
Note a) *For the TC area, bit 09 of D+1 indicates whether the number is a
timer or counter. A 0 indicates a timer, and a 1 indicates a counter.
b) The status of the leftmost bit of the bit number (bit 03) is reversed.
Example: If D + 1 contains 1000 0110 0100 1000, IR 10000 would be indi-
cated as follows:
1000 0110 0100 1000

IR $64 = 100 Bit 00 (inverting status of bit 03)

2. Bit address and message output (selected when bit 15 of C is ON).

Bit 15 of D indicates whether or not there is bit address information stored in
D+1 to D+3. If there is, bit 14 of D indicates whether the input condition is
normally open or closed. Refer to the following table.
Words D+5 to D+8 contain information in ASCII that are displayed on a Pe-
ripheral Device along with the bit address when FPD(––) is executed.
Words D+5 to D+8 contain the message preset by the user as shown in the
following table.
Word Bits 15 to 08 Bits 07 to 00
D+1 20 = space First ASCII character
D+2 Second ASCII character Third ASCII character
D+3 Fourth ASCII character Fifth ASCII character
D+4 2D = “–” “0”=normally open, “1”=normally closed
D+5 First ASCII character Second ASCII character
D+6 Third ASCII character Fourth ASCII character
D+7 Fifth ASCII character Sixth ASCII character
D+8 Seventh ASCII character Eighth ASCII character

Note If 8 characters are not needed in the message, input “0D” after the
last character.

324
Special Instructions Section 5-26

Determining Monitoring Time The procedure below can be used to automatically set the monitoring time, T,
under actual operating conditions when specifying a word operand for T. This
operation cannot be used if a constant is set for T.

1, 2, 3... 1. Switch the CQM1 to MONITOR Mode operation.

2. Connect a Peripheral Device, such as a Programming Console.
3. Use the Peripheral Device to turn ON control bit AR 2508.
4. Execute the program with AR 2508 turned ON. If the monitoring time cur-
rently in T is exceeded, 1.5 times the actual monitoring time will be stored in
T. FAL(06) errors will not occur while AR 2508 is ON.
5. Turn OFF AR 2508 when an acceptable value has been stored in T.

Example In the following example, the FPD(––) is set to display the bit address and mes-
sage (“ABC”) when a monitoring time of 123.4 s is exceeded.

SR 25315
MOV(21)
Address Instruction Operands
#4142
00000 LD 25315
HR 15
00001 MOV(21)
SR 25315 # 4142
MOV(21)
HR 15
#430D
00002 LD 25315
HR 16 00003 MOV(21)
LR 0000
# 430D
FPD(––) HR 16
#8010 00004 LD LR 0000
#1234 00005 FPD(––)
HR 10 # 0010
SR 25504 # 1234
(CY Flag)
HR 10
INC(38)
00006 AND 25504
DM 0100
00007 INC(38)
10000 10002 DM 0100
LR 0015 00008 LD 10000
00009 OR 10001
10001 10003 00010 LD NOT 10002
00011 OR NOT 10003
00012 AND LD
00013 OUT LR 0015

FPD(––) is executed and begins monitoring when LR 0000 goes ON. If LR 0015
does not turn ON within 123.4 s and IR 10000 through IR 10003 are all ON,
IR 10002 will be selected as the cause of the error, an FAL(06) error will be gen-
erated with an FAL number of 10, and the bit address and preset message
(“10002–1ABC”) will be displayed on the Peripheral Device.

HR 10 0000 HR 10 C000 Indicates information, normally closed condition

HR 11 0000 HR 11 2031 “1”
HR 12 0000 HR 12 3030 “00”
HR 13 0000 HR 13 3032 “02”
HR 14 0000 HR 14 2D31 “–1”
HR 15 4142 HR 15 4142 “AB”
HR 16 430D HR 16 430D “C”, and CR code
HR 17 0000 HR 17 0000 The last two words are ignored.
HR 18 0000 HR 18 0000 (Displayed as spaces.)

325
Special Instructions Section 5-26

Flags ER: T is not BCD.

C is not a constant or is not BCD 00 to 99.

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

CY: ON when the time between the execution of FPD(––) and the execution
of a diagnostic output exceeds T.

5-26-8 INTERRUPT CONTROL – INT(89)

Operand Data Areas

Ladder Symbols CC: Control code

# (000 to 003, 100, or 200)

INT(89) @INT(89)
000: No function
CC CC
# (000)
000 000
D: Control data
D D
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, TR, #

Note This instruction is not supported by SRM1 PCs.

Limitations DM 6644 to DM 6655 cannot be used for D when CC=002.

Description When the execution condition is OFF, INT(89) is not executed. When the execu-
tion condition is ON, INT(89) is used to control interrupts and performs one of the
six functions shown in the following table depending on the value of CC.

Note Refer to 1-5 CQM1 Interrupt Functions and 1-6 CPM1/CPM1A Interrupt Func-
tions for more details.

INT(89) function CC
Mask/unmask input interrupts 000
Clear input interrupts 001
Read current mask status 002
Renew counter SV 003
Mask all interrupts 100
Unmask all interrupts 200

These six functions are described in more detail below. Refer to page 22 for
more information on these functions.

Mask/Unmask I/O Interrupts This function is used to mask and unmask I/O interrupt inputs 00000 to 00003
(CC=000) (00003 to 00006 in CPM1/CPM1A PCs). Masked inputs are recorded, but ig-
nored. When an input is masked, the interrupt program for it will be run as soon
as the bit is unmasked (unless it is cleared beforehand by executing INT(89) with
CC=001).

326
Special Instructions Section 5-26

Set the corresponding bit in D to 0 or 1 to unmask or mask an I/O interrupt input.

Bits 00 to 03 correspond to 00000 to 00003 (00003 to 00006 in CPM1/CPM1A
PCs). Bits 04 to 15 should be set to 0.

CQM1 PCs
Word D bits: 3 2 1 0

Interrupt input 00000 (0: unmask, 1: mask)

Interrupt input 00001 (0: unmask, 1: mask)
Interrupt input 00002 (0: unmask, 1: mask)
Interrupt input 00003 (0: unmask, 1: mask)
CPM1/CPM1A PCs
Word D bits: 3 2 1 0

Interrupt input 00003 (0: unmask, 1: mask)

Interrupt input 00004 (0: unmask, 1: mask)
Interrupt input 00005 (0: unmask, 1: mask)
Interrupt input 00006 (0: unmask, 1: mask)

Clear I/O Interrupts This function is used to clear I/O interrupt inputs 00000 to 00003 (00003 to
(CC=001) 00006 in CPM1/CPM1A PCs). Since interrupt inputs are recorded, masked in-
terrupts will be serviced after the mask is removed unless they are cleared first.
Set the corresponding bit in D to 1 to clear an I/O interrupt input. Bits 00 to 03
correspond to 00000 to 00003 (00003 to 00006 in CPM1/CPM1A PCs). Bits 04
to 15 should be set to 0.

CQM1 PCs
Word D bits: 3 2 1 0

Interrupt input 00000 (0: Do not clear, 1: clear)

Interrupt input 00001 (0: Do not clear, 1: clear)
Interrupt input 00002 (0: Do not clear, 1: clear)
Interrupt input 00003 (0: Do not clear, 1: clear)
CPM1/CPM1A PCs
Word D bits: 3 2 1 0

Interrupt input 00003 (0: Do not clear, 1: clear)

Interrupt input 00004 (0: Do not clear, 1: clear)
Interrupt input 00005 (0: Do not clear, 1: clear)
Interrupt input 00006 (0: Do not clear, 1: clear)

Read Current Mask Status This function is used to write the current mask status for I/O interrupt inputs
(CC=002) 00000 to 00003 (00003 to 00006 in CPM1/CPM1A PCs) to word D. The corre-
sponding bit will be ON if the input is masked. (Bits 00 to 03 correspond to 00000
to 00003 in CQM1 PCs, 00003 to 00006 in CPM1/CPM1A PCs.)

CQM1 PCs
Word D bits: 3 2 1 0

Interrupt input 00000 (0: not masked, 1: masked)

Interrupt input 00001 (0: not masked, 1: masked)
Interrupt input 00002 (0: not masked, 1: masked)
Interrupt input 00003 (0: not masked, 1: masked)
CPM1/CPM1A PCs
Word D bits: 3 2 1 0

Interrupt input 00003 (0: not masked, 1: masked)

Interrupt input 00004 (0: not masked, 1: masked)
Interrupt input 00005 (0: not masked, 1: masked)
Interrupt input 00006 (0: not masked, 1: masked)

Renew Counter SV This function is used to renew the counter SV for I/O interrupt inputs 00000 to
(CC=003) 00003 (00003 to 00006 in CPM1/CPM1A PCs) to word D. Set the corresponding

327
Special Instructions Section 5-26

bit in D to 1 in order to renew the input’s counter SV. (Bits 00 to 03 correspond to

00000 to 00003 in CQM1 PCs, 00003 to 00006 in CPM1/CPM1A PCs.)
CQM1 PCs
Word D bits: 3 2 1 0

Interrupt input 00000 counter SV (0: Change, 1: Don’t change)

Interrupt input 00001 counter SV (0: Change, 1: Don’t change)
Interrupt input 00002 counter SV (0: Change, 1: Don’t change)
Interrupt input 00003 counter SV (0: Change, 1: Don’t change)
CPM1/CPM1A PCs
Word D bits: 3 2 1 0

Interrupt input 00003 counter SV (0: Change, 1: Don’t change)

Interrupt input 00004 counter SV (0: Change, 1: Don’t change)
Interrupt input 00005 counter SV (0: Change, 1: Don’t change)
Interrupt input 00006 counter SV (0: Change, 1: Don’t change)

Mask/Unmasking All This function is used to mask or unmask all interrupt processing. Masked inputs
Interrupts (CC=100/200) are recorded, but ignored. Refer to page 44 for details.
The control data, D, is not used for this function. Set D to #0000.

Flags ER: A counter’s SV is incorrect. (CC=003 only)

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is
not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
CC=100 or 200 while an interrupt program was being executed.
CC=100 when all inputs were already masked.
CC=200 when all inputs were already unmasked.
CC and/or D are not within specified values.

5-26-9 SET PULSES – PULS(65)

Ladder Symbols Operand Data Areas
P: Port specifier
PULS(65) @PULS(65)
000, 001, or 002
P P
C: Control data
C C
000 to 005
N N
N: Number of pulses

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations This instruction is available in the CPM1A with transistor outputs and CQM1
only.
N and N+1 must be in the same data area.
DM 6143 to DM 6655 cannot be used for N.
Description PULS(65) is used to set parameters for pulse outputs that are started later in the
program using SPED(64) or ACC(––). The parameters that can be set are the
number of pulses that will be output in independent mode, the direction of pulse
outputs from ports 1 and 2, and the deceleration point for pulse outputs con-
trolled by ACC(––) mode 0.
Since PULS(65) has a relatively long execution time, the cycle time can be re-
duced by executing the differentiated version (@PULS(65)) of this instruction
only when it is needed.

328
Special Instructions Section 5-26

Note Refer to 1-3 Pulse Output Functions for more details.

Port Specifier (P) The port specifier indicates the pulse output location. The parameters set by the
in C and N will apply to the next SPED(64) or ACC(––) instruction in which the
same port output location is specified.
P Pulse output location
000 Output bit
001 Port 1
002 Port 2

Control Data (C) The control data determines the direction of the pulse output to ports 1 and 2 and
indicates whether the number of pulses and/or the deceleration point are speci-
fied in N to N+3. This operand should be set to 000 when P=000.
C Direction Number of pulses Deceleration point
000 CW Set in N and N+1 Not set.
001 CCW Set in N and N+1 Not set.
002 CW Set in N and N+1 Set in N+2 and N+3
003 CCW Set in N and N+1 Set in N+2 and N+3
004 CW Not set. Not set.
005 CCW Not set. Not set.

The direction setting is valid until program execution is stopped or PULS(65) is

executed again.
Number of Pulses and When C=000 to 003, N+1, N contains the 8-digit number of pulses setting for
Deceleration Point independent mode pulse outputs. N+1, N can be from 00000001 to 16777215.
The pulse output started by SPED(64) or ACC(––) will stop automatically when
this number of pulses has been output.
Leftmost 4 digits Rightmost 4 digits Possible range
Number of pulses: N+1 N 0000 0001 to 1677 7215

When C=002 or 003, N+3, N+2 contains the 8-digit number of pulses setting for
the deceleration point used in ACC(––) mode 0. N+3, N+2 can be from
00000001 to 16777215. The pulse output started by ACC(––) will begin decel-
eration when this number of pulses have been output.
Leftmost 4 digits Rightmost 4 digits Possible range
Deceleration point: N+3 N+2 0000 0001 to 1677 7215

When C=004 or 005, neither the number of pulses nor the deceleration point are
set. Set N=000 when C=004 or 005.
Frequency Changes The number of pulses set to be output will be used even if SPED(64) is used to
change the pulse frequency during operation.
For example, if the number of pulses setting is 2,100 and the frequency is
changed from 1 KHz to 100 Hz, pulse output will stop in:
12 s if the pulse frequency is changed after 1 s at 1 KHz.
3 s if the pulse frequency is changed after 2 s at 1 KHz.

Flags ER: There is an error in the instruction settings.

If a data area boundary is exceeded.
Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is
not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
PULS(65) is executed in an interrupt subroutine while a pulse I/O or
high-speed counter instruction is being executed in the main program.

329
Special Instructions Section 5-26

5-26-10 SPEED OUTPUT– SPED(64)

Ladder Symbols Operand Data Areas
P: Port specifier
SPED(64) @SPED(64)
001, 002, or 010 to 150
P P
M: Output mode
M M
000 or 001
F F
F: Pulse frequency

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR, #

Limitations This instruction is available in the CPM1A with transistor outputs and CQM1
only.
F must be BCD, #0000 to #5000 when a port is specified, #0000 or #0002 to
#0100 when an output bit is specified.
DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for F.
Description SPED(64) is used to set, change, or stop pulse output from the specified port or
output bit. When the execution condition is OFF, SPED(64) is not executed.
When the execution condition is ON, SPED(64) sets the pulse frequency F for
the port or output bit specified by P. M determines the output mode.
Since SPED(64) has a relatively long execution time, the cycle time can be re-
duced by executing the differentiated version (@SPED(64)) of this instruction
only when it is needed.
Note Refer to 1-3 Pulse Output Functions for more details.
Port Specifier (P) The port specifier specifies the port or output bit where the pulses will be output.
P Pulse output location
001 Port 1
002 Port 2
000 to Output bits IR 10000 to IR 10015.
150 The first two digits of P specify which bit of IR 100 is the output bit and the
third digit of P is always set to 0. For example, P=000 specifies IR 10000,
P=010 specifies IR 10001, ... and P=150 specifies bit IR 10015.

Output Mode (M) The value of M determines the output mode. A value of 000 indicates indepen-
dent mode and a value of 001 indicates continuous mode.
In independent mode, the pulse output will continue until one of the following oc-
curs:
1, 2, 3... 1. The number of pulses specified by the PULS(65) instruction is reached.
(Execute PULS(65) before SPED(64) when specifying independent mode.)
2. The INI(61) instruction is executed with C=003.
3. SPED(64) is executed again with the output frequency, F, set to 000.
When outputting pulses in independent mode, specify the number of pulses be-
forehand by executing PULS(65). When outputting from port 1 or 2, specify the
direction (CW or CCW) as well.
In independent mode, the number of pulses that have been output to ports 1 and
2 are contained in IR 236 and 237 (port 1) and IR 238 and IR 239 (port 2).
Leftmost 4 digits Rightmost 4 digits
Port 1 pulse output PV: IR 237 IR 236

Port 2 pulse output PV: IR 239 IR 238

330
Special Instructions Section 5-26

In continuous mode, pulses will be output until the INI(61) instruction is executed
with C=003 or SPED(64) is executed again with F=0000. If the direction (CW or
CCW) is not specified when outputting from port 1 or 2, the pulses will be CW.
Pulse Frequency (F) The value of F sets the pulse frequency in units of 10 Hz, as shown below. Set-
ting F to 0000 will stop the pulse output at the specified location.
Output location Possible values of F
Port 1 or 2 0000 (stops pulse output) or 0001 to 5000 (10 Hz to 50 kHz)
Output bits 0000 (stops pulse output) or 0002 to 0100 (20 Hz to 1 kHz)

Precaution Regarding Pulse Output

The pulse frequency output from the CQM1-CPU43-EV1 is generated by divid-
ing the 500-kHz basic clock by a dividing unit of an integer value, which results in
a difference between the set frequency and actual frequency. Refer to the follow-
ing equation for calculating an actual frequency.
Set Frequency: Output frequency set in the instruction by the user
Dividing Unit: An integer set in the dividing circuit to generate an output
pulse of the set frequency
Actual Frequency: Output pulse frequency actually output from the dividing cir-
cuit
The dividing unit is set based on
the frequency set by the user.
Output pulse
(actual frequency)
500 kHz
Pulse-
generating Dividing circuit
clock

Equation:
Actual frequency (KHz) = 500 (KHz)/INT (500 (kHz)/Set frequency (kHz))
INT: Function for obtaining an integer value
INT (500/Set frequency): Dividing unit
The difference between the set frequency and actual frequency becomes larger
as the frequency becomes higher.
Example:
Set frequency (kHz) Actual frequency (kHz)
45.46 to 50.00 50.00
41.67 to 45.45 45.45
38.47 to 41.66 41.67
: :
31.26 to 33.33 33.33
29.42 to 31.25 31.25
27.78 to 29.41 29.41
: :
20.01 to 20.83 20.83
19.24 to 20.00 20.00
18.52 to 19.23 19.23
: :
10.01 to 10.20 10.20
9.81 to 10.00 10.00
9.62 to 9.80 9.80
: :
5.01 to 5.05 5.05

331
Special Instructions Section 5-26

Set frequency (kHz) Actual frequency (kHz)

4.96 to 5.00 5.00
4.90 to 4.95 4.95
: :
3.02 to 3.03 3.03
3.00 to 3.01 3.01
2.98 to 2.99 2.99
: :

Precautions With the CQM1-CPU11/21-E, the output refreshing method in DM 6639 (PC Set-
up) must be set to direct output before initiating pulse output.
The pulse output cannot be used when interval timer 0 is operating.
When a pulse output with a frequency of 500 Hz or higher is output from an out-
put bit, set interrupt processing for the TIMH(15) TC numbers 000 to 003 by set-
ting #0104 in DM 6629 of the PC Setup.
Only one output bit at a time can have a pulse output.

Flags ER: SPED(64) is executed while interval timer 0 is operating.

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is
not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
There is an error in the instruction settings.
SPED(64) is executed in an interrupt subroutine while a pulse I/O or
high-speed counter instruction is being executed in the main program.

5-26-11 PULSE OUTPUT – PLS2(––)

Ladder Symbols Operand Data Areas
P: Communications port
PLS2(––) @PLS2(––)
001 or 002
P P
D: Direction specifier
D D
000 or 001
C C
C: First control word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations This instruction is available in the CQM1-CPU43-E/-EV1 only.

PLS2(––) cannot be used if the PC Setup (DM 6611) is set to high-speed counter
mode.
P must be 001 or 002 and D must be 000 or 001.
C to C+3 must be in the same data area.
Description PLS2(––) is used to output a specified number of CW or CCW pulses from port 1
or 2. The pulse output accelerates to the target frequency at a specified rate and
decelerates at the same rate. (Pulse output stops at 100 Hz.)

Target frequency

100 Hz

T1 T2 T1

332
Special Instructions Section 5-26

The following equations show how to calculate the approximate acceleration/

deceleration time T1 and running time T2. Both times are in seconds.

Target frequency
T 1 ^ 0.004
Accerationńdeceleration rate

Number of pulses * (T 1 Target frequency)

T2 ^
Target frequency

Note 1. Although T1 and T2 will vary slightly depending on the operating conditions,
the number of pulses output will be accurate.
2. PLS2(––) will not operate if pulses are already being output from the speci-
fied port. Check the pulse output flags (AR 0515 for port 1 and AR 0615 for
port 2) before executing PLS2(––).
3. Refer to 1-3 Pulse Output Functions for more details.
Operand Settings P specifies the port where the pulses will be output. Pulses are output from port 1
when P=001, and pulses are output from port 2 when P=002.
D specifies whether the output signal is clockwise (CW) or counter-clockwise
(CCW). The output is CW when D=000 and CCW when D=001.
The content of C determines the acceleration/deceleration rate. During accel-
eration or deceleration, the output frequency is increased or decreased by the
amount set in C every 4.08 ms. C must be BCD from 0001 to 0200 (10 Hz to
2 kHz).
The content of C+1 specifies the target frequency. C+1 must be BCD from 0010
to 5000 (100 Hz to 50 kHz).
The 8-digit content of C+3,C+2 determines the number of pulses that will be out-
put. C+3, C+2 must be BCD between 0000 0001 and 1677 7215.

Flags ER: There is an error in the operand settings.

The CPU Unit is not a CQM1-CPU43-EV1.
The PC Setup is not set for pulse output.
The target frequency, acceleration/deceleration rate, and number of
pulses are incorrect. (Number of pulses < T1 × Target frequency)
PLS2(––) is executed in an interrupt subroutine while a pulse I/O or
high-speed counter instruction is being executed in the main program.
A data area boundary has been exceeded.
Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is
not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
AR 0515: Port 1 output flag. ON when pulses are being output from port 1.
AR 0615: Port 2 output flag. ON when pulses are being output from port 2.

! Caution With PLS2(––), conditions such as acceleration/deceleration speed and the tar-
get speed can cause low-speed pulse output (100 Hz) to continue for an ex-
tended period of time when stopping. Even when this happens, the correct num-
ber of pulses will be output.

Time required for

complete stop

100 Hz

333
Special Instructions Section 5-26

Correct the system by adjusting the acceleration/deceleration speed and/or the

target speed, or by using the ACC(––) instruction (mode 0) to increase the speed
(deceleration target frequency) when stopping.

5-26-12 ACCELERATION CONTROL – ACC(––)

Ladder Symbols Operand Data Areas
P: Communications port
ACC(––) @ACC(––)
001 or 002
P P
M: Mode specifier
M M
000 to 003
C C
C: First control word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations This instruction is available in the CQM1-CPU43-E/-EV1 only.

Mode 0 of ACC(––) cannot be used if the PC Setup (DM 6611) is set to high-
speed counter mode.
P must be 001 or 002 and M must be 000 to 003.
C to C+3 must be in the same data area.
Description ACC(––) is used together with PULS(65) to control the acceleration and/or de-
celeration of pulses output from port 1 or 2. The 4 available modes are described
briefly below.
The function of the control words varies in the 4 modes, but P always specifies
the port where the pulses will be output and M always specifies the mode. Set
P=001 or 002 to indicate port 1 or 2. Set M=000 to 003 to indicate modes 0 to 3.
Note Refer to 1-3 Pulse Output Functions for more details.

Mode 0 (M=000) Mode 0 is used to output a specified number of CW or CCW pulses from port 1 or
2. The acceleration rate, frequency after acceleration, deceleration point, decel-
eration rate, and frequency after deceleration can all be controlled.

Deceleration rate
Frequency after
acceleration
Frequency after
deceleration
Acceleration rate

Deceleration point Output stops.

PULS(65) Operand Settings PULS(65) must be executed before ACC(––) in order to specify direction, the
total number of pulses to be output, and the deceleration point. The function of
PULS(65) operands are described below. Refer to 5-26-9 SET PULSES –
PULS(65) for more details.
1, 2, 3... 1. The first operand of PULS(65) specifies the output port. Pulses are output
from port 1 when P=001, and from port 2 when P=002.
2. The second operand specifies the direction. The output is clockwise (CW)
when C=002 and counter-clockwise (CCW) when C=003.
3. The third operand specifies the first of 4 control words.
a) The 8-digit content of N+1,N (0000 0001 to 1677 7215) determines the
total number of pulses that will be output.

334
Special Instructions Section 5-26

b) The 8-digit content of N+3,N+2 (0000 0001 to 1677 7215) determines

the deceleration point.

ACC(––) Control Words The 4 control words indicate the acceleration rate, frequency after acceleration,
deceleration rate, and frequency after deceleration.

1, 2, 3... 1. The content of C determines the acceleration rate. During acceleration, the
output frequency is increased by the amount set in C every 4.08 ms. C must
be BCD from 0001 to 0200 (10 Hz to 2 kHz).
2. The content of C+1 specifies the frequency after acceleration. C+1 must be
BCD from 0000 to 5000 (0 Hz to 50 kHz).
3. The content of C+2 determines the deceleration rate. During deceleration,
the output frequency is decreased by the amount set in C+2 every 4.08 ms.
C must be BCD from 0001 to 0200 (10 Hz to 2 kHz).
4. The content of C+3 specifies the frequency after deceleration. C+3 must be
BCD from 0000 to 5000 (0 Hz to 50 kHz).

Mode 1 (M=001) Mode 1 is used to increase the frequency being output to a target frequency at
the specified rate. Pulse output continues until stopped.

Target frequency

Frequency before Acceleration rate

acceleration

Execution of ACC(––)

The 2 control words indicate the acceleration rate and target frequency.

Mode 2 (M=002) Mode 2 is used to decrease the frequency being output to a target frequency at
the specified rate. Output stops when the total number of pulses specified in
PULS(65) have been output.

Frequency before
deceleration
Deceleration rate

Target frequency

Execution of ACC(––) Output stops.

The 2 control words indicate the deceleration rate and target frequency.

1, 2, 3... 1. The content of C determines the deceleration rate. During deceleration, the
output frequency is decreased by the amount set in C every 4.08 ms. C must
be BCD from 0001 to 0200 (10 Hz to 2 kHz).
2. The content of C+1 specifies the target frequency. C+1 must be BCD from
0000 to 5000 (0 Hz to 50 kHz).

335
Special Instructions Section 5-26

Mode 3 (M=003) Mode 3 is used to decrease the frequency being output to a target frequency at
the specified rate. Pulse output continues until stopped.

Frequency before
deceleration
Deceleration rate

Target frequency

Execution of ACC(––)

The 2 control words indicate the acceleration rate and target frequency.
1, 2, 3... 1. The content of C determines the acceleration rate. During acceleration, the
output frequency is increased by the amount set in C every 4.08 ms. C must
be BCD from 0001 to 0200 (10 Hz to 2 kHz).
2. The content of C+1 specifies the target frequency. C+1 must be BCD from
0000 to 5000 (0 Hz to 50 kHz).

Flags ER: There is an error in the operand settings.

The CPU Unit is not a CQM1-CPU43-EV1.
The PC Setup is not set for pulse output.
ACC(––) is executed with M=000 and the specified output port is in use.
ACC(––) is executed in an interrupt subroutine while a pulse I/O or high-
speed counter instruction is being executed in the main program.
Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is
not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
AR 0515: Port 1 output flag. ON when pulses are being output from port 1.
AR 0615: Port 2 output flag. ON when pulses are being output from port 2.

5-26-13 PULSE WITH VARIABLE DUTY RATIO – PWM(––)

Ladder Symbols Operand Data Areas
P: Communications port
PWM(––) @PWM(––)
001 or 002
P P
F: Frequency
F F
000, 001, or 002
D D
D: Duty ratio

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

Limitations This instruction is available in the CQM1-CPU43-E/-EV1 only.

PWM(––) cannot be used unless the PC Setup (DM 6643 or DM 6644) is set for
variable duty ratio pulse outputs.
P must be 001 or 002 and F must be 000, 001, or 002.
D must be BCD between 0001 and 0099.
Description PWM(––) is used to output pulses with the specified duty ratio from port 1 or 2.
The output can be set to one of three frequencies: 5.9 kHz, 1.5 kHz, or 91.6 Hz.
The pulse output continues until INI(61) is executed to stop it.

336
Special Instructions Section 5-26

In order for PWM(––) to be executed, the specified port must be set for variable
duty ratio pulse outputs in the PC Setup. Set the leftmost digit of DM 6643 to 1 to
enable variable duty ratio pulse output from port 1, and set the leftmost digit of
DM 6644 to 1 to enable variable duty ratio pulse output from port 2. It is not pos-
sible to output normal pulses from a port that is set for variable duty ratio output.
Note Refer to 1-3 Pulse Output Functions for more details.
Operand Settings P specifies the port where the pulses will be output. Pulses are output from port 1
when P=001, and pulses are output from port 2 when P=002.
F specifies the frequency of the pulse output, as shown in the following table.
F Frequency
000 5.9 kHz
001 1.5 kHz
002 91.6 Hz
D specifies the duty ratio of the pulse output, i.e., the percentage of time that the
output is ON. D must be BCD from 0001 to 0099 (1% to 99%). The duty ratio is
75% in the following diagram.
ton

t on
+ D (1% to 99%)
T

Flags ER: There is an error in the operand settings.

The CPU Unit is not a CQM1-CPU43-EV1.
The PC Setup is not set for variable duty ratio pulse output.
PWM(––) is executed in an interrupt subroutine while a pulse I/O or
high-speed counter instruction is being executed in the main program.
Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is
not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

5-26-14 DATA SEARCH – SRCH(––)

Ladder Symbols Operand Data Areas
N: Number of words
SRCH(––) @SRCH(––)
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #
N N
R1: First word in range
R1 R1
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR
C C
C: Comparison data, result word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations This instruction is available in the CQM1 only.

N must be BCD between 0001 to 9999.
R1 and R1+N–1 must be in the same data area.
DM 6143 to DM 6655 cannot be used for C.
Description When the execution condition is OFF, SRCH(––) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, SRCH(––) searches the range of memory from R1 to
R1+N–1 for addresses that contain the comparison data in C. If one or more ad-
dresses contain the comparison data, the EQ Flag (SR 25506) is turned ON and
the lowest address containing the comparison data is identified in C+1. The ad-
dress is identified differently for the DM area:

337
Special Instructions Section 5-26

1, 2, 3... 1. For an address in the DM area, the word address is written to C+1. For ex-
ample, if the lowest address containing the comparison data is DM 0114,
then #0114 is written in C+1.
2. For an address in another data area, the number of addresses from the be-
ginning of the search is written to C+1. For example, if the lowest address
containing the comparison data is IR 114 and the first word in the search
range is IR 014, then #0100 is written in C+1.
If none of addresses in the range contain the comparison data, the EQ Flag (SR
25506) is turned OFF and C+1 is left unchanged.

Flags ER: Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
N is not BCD between 0001 and 9999.
EQ: ON when the comparison data has been matched in the search range.
Example In the following example, the 10 word range from DM 0010 to DM 0019 is
searched for addresses that contain the same data as DM 0000 (#FFFF). Since
DM 0012 contains the same data, the EQ Flag (SR 25506) is turned ON and
#0012 is written to DM 0001.

00001 Address Instruction Operands

@SRCH(––)

#0010 00000 LD 00001

DM 0010 00001 @SRCH(––)
DM 0000
# 0010
DM 0010
DM 0000

DM 0010 0000
DM 0011 9898
DM 0012 FFFF
DM 0013 9797
DM 0014 AAAA DM 0000 FFFF
DM 0015 9595 DM 0001 0012
DM 0016 1414
DM 0017 0000
DM 0018 0000
DM 0019 FFFF

5-26-15 PID CONTROL – PID(––)

Ladder Symbol Operand Data Areas
IW: Input data word
PID(––)
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR
IW
P1: First parameter word
P1
IR, SR, DM, HR, LR
OW
OW: Output data word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations This instruction is available in the CQM1-CPU4-E/-EV1 only.

DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for IW, P1 to P1+32, or OW.
P1 to P1+32 must be in the same data area.

338
Special Instructions Section 5-26

! Caution A total of 33 continuous words starting with P1 must be provided for PID(––) to
operate correctly. Also, PID(––) may not operate dependably in any of the fol-
lowing situations: In interrupt programs, in subroutines, between IL(02) and
ILC(03), between JMP(04) and JME(05), and in step programming
(STEP(08)/SNXT(09)). Do not program PID(––) in these situations.

Description PID(––) performs PID control based on the parameters specified in P1 through
P1+6. The data in IW is used to calculate the output data that is written to OW.
The following table shows the function of the parameter words.
Word Bits Parameter name Function/Setting range
P1 00 to 15 Set value (SV). This is the target value for PID control. It can be set to any binary
number with the number of bits set by the input range parameter.
P1+1 00 to 15 Proportional band width. This parameter specifies the proportional band width/input range ratio
from 0.1% to 999.9%. It must be BCD from 0001 to 9999.
P1+2 00 to 15 Integral time Sets the integral time/sampling period ratio used in integral control. It
must be BCD from 0001 to 8191, or 9999. (9999 disables integral con-
trol.)
P1+3 00 to 15 Derivative time Sets the derivative time/sampling period ratio used in derivative con-
trol. It must be BCD from 0001 to 8191, or 0000.
P1+4 00 to 15 Sampling period Sets the interval between samplings of the input data from 0.1 to
102.3 s. It must be BCD from 0001 to 1023.
P1+5 00 to 03 Operation specifier Sets reverse or normal operation. Set to 0 to specify reverse operation
or 1 to specify normal operation.
04 to 15 Input filter coefficient Determines the strength of the input filter. The lower the coefficient,
the weaker the filter.
This setting must be BCD from 100 to 199, or 000. A setting of 000
sets the default value (0.65) and a setting of 100 to 199 sets the coef-
ficient from 0.00 to 0.99.
P1+6 00 to 07 Output range Determines the number of bits of output data. This setting must be
between 00 and 08, which sets the output range between 8 and 16
bits.
08 to 15 Input range Determines the number of bits of input data. This setting must be be-
tween 00 and 08, which sets the input range between 8 and 16 bits.
P1+7 to 00 to 15 Work area Do not use.
P1+32 (Used by the system.)

When the execution condition is OFF, PID(––) is not executed and the instruc-
tion’s data is maintained. While the execution condition is OFF, the desired out-
put data can be written directly to OW for manual control.
When the execution condition first goes from OFF to ON, PID(––) reads the pa-
rameters and initializes the work area. There is a built-in function to change the
output data continuously at startup because sudden changes in the output data
might adversely affect the controlled system.

! Caution Changes made to the parameters will not be effective until the execution condi-
tion for PID(––) goes from OFF to ON.

Note Do not use PID(––) in the following situations; it may not be executed properly.
In interrupt programs
In subroutine programs
In interlocked program sections (between IL and ILC)
In jump program sections (between JMP and JME)
In step ladder program section (created with STEP)
When the execution condition is ON, PID(––) performs the PID calculation on
the input data when the sampling period has elapsed. The sampling period is the
time that must pass before input data is read for processing.

339
Communications Instructions Section 5-27

The following diagram shows the relationship between the sampling period and
PID processing. PID processing is performed only when the sampling period
(100 ms in this case) has elapsed.
1 cycle

70 ms 60 ms 70 ms 70 ms
No processing PID processing
(70 ms) (70+30=100 ms,
PID processing no carryover)
with initial values PID processing No processing
(0 ms) (130 ms, 30 ms carryover) (60 ms)

Flags ER: There is an error in the parameter settings.

The cycle time is more than twice as long as the sampling period, so
PID(–) cannot be executed accurately. PID(––) will be executed in this
case.
Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is
not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
CY: ON when PID processing has been performed. (OFF when the sam-
pling period has not elapsed.)

5-27 Communications Instructions

5-27-1 RECEIVE – RXD(47)
Ladder Symbols Operand Data Areas
D: First destination word
RXD(47) @RXD(47)
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR
D D
C: Control word
C C
#
N N
N: Number of bytes

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

Limitations This instruction is available in the CQM1/SRM1 only.

D and D+(N÷2)–1 must be in the same data area.
DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for D or N.
N must be BCD from #0000 to #0256. (#0000 to #0061 in host link mode)
Description When the execution condition is OFF, RXD(47) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, RXD(47) reads N bytes of data received at the port
specified in the control word, and then writes that data in words D to D+(N÷2)–1.
Up to 256 bytes of data can be read at one time.
If fewer than N bytes are received, the amount received will be read.
Note Refer to 1-9 Communications Functions for details on using the RXD(47)
instruction, setting communications protocol in the PC Setup, etc.

! Caution The CQM1 or SRM1 will be incapable of receiving more data once 256 bytes
have been received if received data is not read using RXD(47). Read data as
soon as possible after the Reception Completed Flag is turned ON (AR 0806 for
the RS-232C port, AR 0814 for the peripheral port.)

340
Communications Instructions Section 5-27

Control Word The value of the control word determines the port from which data will be read
and the order in which data will be written to memory.

Digit number: 3 2 1 0

Byte order 0: Most significant bytes first

1: Least significant bytes first

Not used. (Set to 00.)

Port 0: Specifies RS-232C port.

1: Specifies peripheral port.

The order in which data is written to memory depends on the value of digit 0 of C.
Eight bytes of data 12345678... will be written in the following manner:

Digit 0 = 0 Digit 0 = 1

MSB LSB MSB LSB

D 1 2 D 2 1
D+1 3 4 D+1 4 3
D+2 5 6 D+2 6 5
D+3 7 8 D+3 8 7

Flags ER: The CPU Unit is not equipped with an RS-232C port.
Another device is not connected to the specified port.

There is an error in the communications settings (PC Setup) or the oper-

and settings.

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

The destination words (D to D+(N÷2)–1) exceed the data area.

AR 08: AR 0806 will be turned ON when data has been received normally at the
RS-232C port. Reset when RXD(47) is executed.
AR 0814 will be turned ON when data has been received normally at the
peripheral port. Reset when RXD(47) is executed.
AR 09: Contains the number of bytes received at the RS-232C port. Reset to
0000 when RXD(47) is executed.
AR 10: Contains the number of bytes received at the peripheral port. Reset to
0000 when RXD(47) is executed.

Note Communications flags and counters can be cleared either by specifying 0000 for
N or using the Port Reset Bits (SR 25208 for peripheral port and SR 25209 for
RS-232C port.)

341
Communications Instructions Section 5-27

5-27-2 TRANSMIT – TXD(48)

Ladder Symbols Operand Data Areas

S: First source word
TXD(48) @TXD(48)
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR
S S
C: Control word
C C
#
N N
N: Number of bytes

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

Limitations This instruction is available in the CQM1/SRM1 only.

S and S+(N÷2)–1 must be in the same data area.
DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for S or N.
N must be BCD from #0000 to #0256. (#0000 to #0061 in host link mode)

Description When the execution condition is OFF, TXD(48) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, TXD(48) reads N bytes of data from words S to
S+(N÷2)–1, converts it to ASCII, and outputs the data from the specified port.
TXD(48) operates differently in host link mode and RS-232C mode, so these
modes are described separately.
Note 1. Flag AR 0805 will be ON when the CQM1 or SRM1
is capable of transmitting data through the RS-232C port and AR 0813 will
be ON when the CQM1 or SRM1 is capable of transmitting data through the
peripheral port.
2. Refer to 1-9 Communications Functions for details on using the TXD(48)
instruction, setting communications protocol in the PC Setup, etc.

Host Link Mode N must be BCD from #0000 to #0061 (i.e., up to 122 bytes of ASCII). The value of
the control word determines the port from which data will be output, as shown
below.

Digit number: 3 2 1 0

Not used. (Set to 000.)

Port 0: Specifies RS-232C port.

1: Specifies peripheral port.

The specified number of bytes will be read from S through S+(N/2)–1, converted
to ASCII, and transmitted through the specified port. The bytes of source data
shown below will be transmitted in this order: 12345678...

MSB LSB
S 1 2
S+1 3 4
S+2 5 6
S+3 7 8

342
Communications Instructions Section 5-27

The following diagram shows the format for host link command (TXD) sent from
the CQM1. The CQM1 automatically attaches the prefixes and suffixes, such as
the node number, header, and FCS.

@ X X X X X X ......... X X X ∗ CR

Node Header Data (122 ASCII characters max.) FCS Terminator

number code

RS-232C Mode N must be BCD from #0000 to #00256. The value of the control word determines
the port from which data will be output and the order in which data will be written
to memory.
Control Word The value of the control word determines the port from which data will be read
and the order in which data will be written to memory.

Digit number: 3 2 1 0

Byte order 0: Most significant bytes first

1: Least significant bytes first

Not used. (Set to 00.)

Port 0: Specifies RS-232C port.

1: Specifies peripheral port.

The specified number of bytes will be read from S through S+(NP2)–1 and trans-
mitted through the specified port.

MSB LSB
S 1 2
S+1 3 4
S+2 5 6
S+3 7 8

When digit 0 of C is 0, the bytes of source data shown above will be transmitted in
this order: 12345678...
When digit 0 of C is 1, the bytes of source data shown above will be transmitted in
this order: 21436587...
Note When start and end codes are specified the total data length should be 256 bytes
max., including the start and end codes.

Flags ER: The CPU Unit is not equipped with an RS-232C port.
Another device is not connected to the peripheral port.

There is an error in the communications settings (PC Setup) or the oper-

and settings.

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

The source words (S to S+(N÷2)–1) exceed the data area.

AR 08: AR 0805 will be turned ON when it is possible to transmit through the

RS-232C port. AR 0813 will be turned ON when it is possible to transmit
through the peripheral port.

343
Communications Instructions Section 5-27

5-27-3 CHANGE RS-232C SETUP – STUP(––)

Ladder Symbols Operand Data Areas

N: RS-232C port specifier
STUP(––) @STUP(––)
000, 001, or 002
N N
S: First source word
S S
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

Limitations This instruction is available in the SRM1 only.

N must be 000, 001, or 002 to specify IR 000, IR 001, or IR 002.
S and S+4 must be in the same data area.
(S can be set to #0000 to change the RS-232C settings to their defaults.)
STUP(––) can’t be executed for the internal RS-232C port if pin 2 of the DIP
switch is ON.
STUP(––) can’t be executed within an interrupt subroutine.

Description When the execution condition is OFF, STUP(––) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, STUP(––) changes the PC Setup settings for the port
specified by N.
N determines which part of the RS-232C Setup is changed.

N Specified Port
IR 000 Built-in RS-232C port (PC Setup: DM 6645 to DM 6649)
IR 001 Communications Board port A (PC Setup: DM 6555 to DM 6559)
IR 002 Communications Board port B (PC Setup: DM 6550 to DM 6554)

If S is a word address, the contents of S through S+4 are copied to the 5 words in
the PC Setup that contain the settings for the port specified by N.
If S is input as the constant #0000, the settings for the specified port are returned
to their default values.

S Function
Word The contents of S through S+4 are copied to the part of the PC Setup
address that contains the settings for the port specified by N.
Constant The settings for the port specified by N are returned to their default val-
(#0000) ues.

Application Example This example shows a program that transfers the contents of DM 0100 through
DM 0104 to the PC Setup area for Communications Board port A (DM 6555
through DM 6569).

00000
Address Instruction Operands
@STUP(––)
00000 LD 00000
001
00001 @STUP(––)
DM 0100
001
DM 0100

344
Advanced I/O Instructions Section 5-28

The settings are transferred as shown below. The Changing RS-232C Setup
Flag (SR 27504) will be turned OFF when the transfer has been completed.

The following table shows the function of the transferred setup data.
Word Content Function
DM 0100 1001 Enables the communications settings in DM 0101 and
sets the communications mode to RS-232C.
DM 0101 0803 Sets the following communications settings:
9,600 bps, 1 start bit, 8-bit data, 1 stop bit, no parity
DM 0102 0000 No transmission delay (0 ms)
DM 0103 2000 Enables the end code CR, LF.
DM 0104 0000 ---

Flags ER: Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
The port specifier (N) isn’t IR 000, IR 001, or IR 002.
Port A has been specified, but pin 2 of the DIP switch is ON.
The PC Setup is write-protected. (Pin 1 of the DIP switch is ON.)
The specified source words exceed the data area.
The instruction was executed from an interrupt program.

5-28 Advanced I/O Instructions

5-28-1 7-SEGMENT DISPLAY OUTPUT – 7SEG(88)
Ladder Symbols Operand Data Areas
S: First source word
7SEG(88)
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR
S
O: Output word
O
IR, SR, AR, HR, LR,TC, DM
C
C: Control data

000 to 007

Limitations This instruction is available in the CQM1 only.

Do not use 7SEG(88) more than twice in the program.
Description When the execution condition is OFF, 7SEG(88) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, 7SEG(88) reads the source data (either 4 or 8-digit),
converts it to 7-segment display data, and outputs that data to the 7-segment
display connected to the output indicated by O.
The value of C indicates the number of digits of source data and the logic for the
Input and Output Units, as shown in the following table.

345
Advanced I/O Instructions Section 5-28

Source data Display’s data input logic Display’s latch input logic C
4 digits (S) Same as Output Unit Same as Output Unit 0000
Different from Output Unit 0001
Different from Output Unit Same as Output Unit 0002
Different from Output Unit 0003
8 digits Same as Output Unit Same as Output Unit 0004
(S, S+1) Different from Output Unit 0005
Different from Output Unit Same as Output Unit 0006
Different from Output Unit 0007

If there are 8 digits of source data, they are placed in S and S+1, with the most
significant digits placed in S+1. If there are 4 digits of source data, they are
placed in S.
7SEG(88) displays the 4 or 8-digit data in 12 cycles, and then starts over and
continues displaying the data.
Refer to page 125 for more information on 7SEG(88) and its applications.

Flags ER: S and S+1 are not in the same data area. (When set to display 8-digit
data.)
Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is
not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
There is an error in operand settings.
SR 25409: ON while 7SEG(88) is being executed.

5-28-2 DIGITAL SWITCH INPUT – DSW(87)

Ladder Symbols Operand Data Areas
IW: Input word
DSW(87)
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR
IW
OW: Output word
OW
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR
R
R: First result word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR

Limitations This instruction is available in the CQM1 only.

DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for R.
Description DSW(87) is used to read the value set on a digital switch connected to I/O Units.
When the execution condition is OFF, DSW(87) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, DSW(87) reads the value (either 4 or 8-digit) set on
the digital switch from IW and places the result in R.
If the value is an 8-digit number, it is placed in R and R+1, with the most signifi-
cant digits placed in R+1. The number of digits is set in DM 6639 of the PC Setup.
DSW(87) reads the 4 or 8-digit data in 12 cycles, and then starts over and contin-
ues reading the data.
Refer to page 122 for more information on DSW(87) and its applications.

Flags ER: IW and/or OW are not allocated to the correct I/O Units.
Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is
not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

346
Advanced I/O Instructions Section 5-28

R and R+1 are not in the same data area. (When the CQM1 is set to re-
ceive 8-digit data.)
SR 25410: ON while DSW(87) is being executed.

5-28-3 HEXADECIMAL KEY INPUT – HKY(––)

Ladder Symbols Operand Data Areas
IW: Input word
HKY(––)
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR
IW
OW: Control signal output word
OW
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR
D
D: First register word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR

Limitations This instruction is available in the CQM1 only.

D and D+2 must be in the same data area.
Do not use HKY(––) more than twice in the program.
DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for D.
Description When the execution condition is OFF, HKY(––) is not executed. When the
execution condition is ON, HKY(––) inputs data from a hexadecimal keypad
connected to the input indicated by IW. The data is input in two ways:
1, 2, 3... 1. An 8-digit shift register is created in D and D+1. When a key is pressed on
the hexadecimal keypad, the corresponding hexadecimal digit is shifted into
the least significant digit of D. The other digits of D, D+1 are shifted left and
the most significant digit of D+1 is lost.
2. The bits of D+2 and bit 4 of OW indicate key input. When one of the keys on
the keypad (0 to F) is being pressed, the corresponding bit in D+2 (00 to 15)
and bit 4 of OW are turned ON.
Note When one of the keypad keys is being pressed, input from the other keys is dis-
abled.
HKY(––) inputs each digit in 3 to 12 cycles, and then starts over and continues
inputting. Refer to page 120 for more details on HKY(––).

Flags ER: IIndirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word

is not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
D and D+2 are not in the same data area.
SR 25408: ON while HKY(––) is being executed.

5-28-4 TEN KEY INPUT – TKY(18)

Ladder Symbols Operand Data Areas
IW: Input word
TKY(18)
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR
IW
D1: First register word
D1
IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR
D2
D2: Key input word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR

347
Advanced I/O Instructions Section 5-28

Limitations This instruction is available in the CQM1 only.

D1 and D1+1 must be in the same data area.
DM 6143 to DM 6655 cannot be used for D1.
Description When the execution condition is OFF, TKY(18) is not executed. When the execu-
tion condition is ON, TKY(18) inputs data from a ten-key keypad connected to
the input indicated by IW. The data is input in two ways:
1, 2, 3... 1. An 8-digit shift register is created in D1 and D1+1. When a key is pressed on
the ten-key keypad, the corresponding BCD digit is shifted into the least sig-
nificant digit of D1. The other digits of D1, D1+1 are shifted left and the most
significant digit of D1+1 is lost.
2. The first ten bits of D2 indicate key input. When one of the keys on the key-
pad (0 to 9) is being pressed, the corresponding bit of D2 (00 to 09) is turned
ON.
Note When one of the keypad keys is being pressed, input from the other keys is dis-
abled.
TKY(18) can be used in several locations in the program by changing the input
word, IW. Refer to page 118 for more details on TKY(18).

Flags ER: Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)
D1 and D1+1 are not in the same data area.

348
SECTION 6
Host Link Commands

This section explains the methods and procedures for using host link commands, which can be used for host link communica-
tions via the CQM1/CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1 ports.

6-1 Communications Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350

6-2 Command and Response Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352
6-2-1 Commands from the Host Computer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352
6-2-2 Commands from the PC (CQM1/SRM1 Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355
6-2-3 Response End Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355
6-3 Host Link Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356
6-3-1 IR/SR AREA READ –– RR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356
6-3-2 LR AREA READ –– RL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356
6-3-3 HR AREA READ –– RH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357
6-3-4 PV READ –– RC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357
6-3-5 TC STATUS READ –– RG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358
6-3-6 DM AREA READ –– RD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358
6-3-7 AR AREA READ –– RJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359
6-3-8 IR/SR AREA WRITE –– WR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359
6-3-9 LR AREA WRITE –– WL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360
6-3-10 HR AREA WRITE –– WH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360
6-3-11 PV WRITE –– WC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361
6-3-12 TC STATUS WRITE –– WG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362
6-3-13 DM AREA WRITE –– WD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362
6-3-14 AR AREA WRITE –– WJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
6-3-15 SV READ 1 –– R# . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364
6-3-16 SV READ 2 –– R$ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364
6-3-17 SV READ 3 –– R% (CQM1 Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365
6-3-18 SV CHANGE 1 –– W# . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366
6-3-19 SV CHANGE 2 –– W$ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367
6-3-20 SV CHANGE 3 –– W% (CQM1 Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368
6-3-21 STATUS READ –– MS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369
6-3-22 STATUS WRITE –– SC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370
6-3-23 ERROR READ –– MF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370
6-3-24 FORCED SET –– KS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371
6-3-25 FORCED RESET –– KR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372
6-3-26 MULTIPLE FORCED SET/RESET –– FK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373
6-3-27 FORCED SET/RESET CANCEL –– KC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374
6-3-28 PC MODEL READ –– MM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375
6-3-29 TEST–– TS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375
6-3-30 PROGRAM READ –– RP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376
6-3-31 PROGRAM WRITE –– WP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376
6-3-32 COMPOUND COMMAND –– QQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376
6-3-33 ABORT –– XZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378
6-3-34 INITIALIZE –– . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378
6-3-35 Undefined Command –– IC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379

349
Communications Procedure Section 6-1

Command Chart The commands listed in the chart below can be used for host link communica-
tions with the CQM1/CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1. These commands are all sent from
the host computer to the PC.

Header Name PC mode Applicable PCs Page

code RUN MON PRG
RR IR/SR AREA READ Valid Valid Valid All 356
RL LR AREA READ Valid Valid Valid All 356
RH HR AREA READ Valid Valid Valid All 357
RC PV READ Valid Valid Valid All 357
RG TC STATUS READ Valid Valid Valid All 358
RD DM AREA READ Valid Valid Valid All 358
RJ AR AREA READ Valid Valid Valid All 359
WR IR/SR AREA WRITE Not valid Valid Valid All 359
WL LR AREA WRITE Not valid Valid Valid All 360
WH HR AREA WRITE Not valid Valid Valid All 360
WC PV WRITE Not valid Valid Valid All 361
WG TC STATUS WRITE Not valid Valid Valid All 362
WD DM AREA WRITE Not valid Valid Valid All 362
WJ AR AREA WRITE Not valid Valid Valid All 363
R# SV READ 1 Valid Valid Valid All 364
R$ SV READ 2 Valid Valid Valid All 364
R% SV READ 3 Valid Valid Valid CQM1 only 365
W# SV CHANGE 1 Not valid Valid Valid All 366
W$ SV CHANGE 2 Not valid Valid Valid All 367
W% SV CHANGE 3 Not valid Valid Valid CQM1 only 368
MS STATUS READ Valid Valid Valid All 369
SC STATUS WRITE Valid Valid Valid All 370
MF ERROR READ Valid Valid Valid All 370
KS FORCED SET Not valid Valid Valid All 371
KR FORCED RESET Not valid Valid Valid All 372
FK MULTIPLE FORCED SET/RESET Not valid Valid Valid All 373
KC FORCED SET/RESET CANCEL Not valid Valid Valid All 374
MM PC MODEL READ Valid Valid Valid All 375
TS TEST Valid Valid Valid All 375
RP PROGRAM READ Valid Valid Valid All 376
WP PROGRAM WRITE Not valid Not valid Valid All 376
QQ COMPOUND COMMAND Valid Valid Valid All 377
XZ ABORT (command only) Valid Valid Valid All 379
INITIALIZE (command only) Valid Valid Valid All 379
IC Undefined command (response only) --- --- --- All 379

6-1 Communications Procedure

Host link communications are executed by means an exchange of commands
and responses between the host computer and the PC.
With the CQM1, there are two communications methods that can be used. One
is the normal method, in which commands are issued from the host computer to
the PC. The other method allows commands to be issued from the PC to the host
computer.

350
Communications Procedure Section 6-1

Frame Transmission and Reception

Commands and responses are exchanged in the order shown in the illustration
below. The block of data transferred in a single transmission is called a “frame.”
A single frame is configured of a maximum of 131 characters of data.
The right to send a frame is called the “transmission right.” The Unit that has the
transmission right is the one that can send a frame at any given time. The trans-
mission right is traded back and forth between the host computer and the PC
each time a frame is transmitted. The transmission right is passed from the
transmitting Unit to the receiving Unit when either a terminator (the code that
marks the end of a command or response) or a delimiter (the code that sets
frames apart) is received.

Commands from Host In host link communications, the host computer ordinarily has the transmission
right first and initiates the communications. The PC then automatically sends a
response.

Frame (command) Frame (command)

Unit no. Unit no.
Header code Header code
Host
computer Text Text

FCS FCS
Terminator Terminator

Next frame transmission

enabled (i.e., transmission
right transferred)

Unit no. Unit no.

Header code Header code
End code End code
PC
Text Text

FCS FCS
Terminator Terminator
Frame (response) Frame (response)

Commands from PC With CQM1 PCs, it is also possible in host link communications for the PC to
(CQM1 Only) send commands to the host computer. In this case it is the PC that has the trans-
mission right and initiates the communications.

Host
computer
No response

Unit no.
Header code

PC Text

FCS
Terminator

When commands are issued to the host computer, the data is transmitted in one
direction from the PC to the host computer. If a response to a command is re-
quired use a host link communications command to write the response from the
host computer to the PC.

351
Command and Response Formats Section 6-2

6-2 Command and Response Formats

This section explains the formats for the commands and responses that are ex-
changed in host link communications.

6-2-1 Commands from the Host Computer

When a command is issued from the host computer, the command and re-
sponse formats are as shown below.
Command Format When transmitting a command from the host computer, prepare the command
data in the format shown below.

@ x 101 x 100 ↵

Node no. Header Text FCS Terminator

code

@
An “@” symbol must be placed at the beginning.
Node No.
Identifies the PC communicating with the host computer.
Specify the node number set for the PC in the PC Setup (DM 6648, DM 6653).
Header Code
Set the 2-character command code.
Text
Set the command parameters.
FCS
Set a 2-character Frame Check Sequence code. See page 354.
Terminator
Set two characters, “” and the carriage return (CHR$(13)) to indicate the end
of the command.
Response Format The response from the PC is returned in the format shown below. Prepare a pro-
gram so that the response data can be interpreted and processed.

@ x 101 x 100 x 161 x 160 ↵

Node no. Header End code Text FCS Terminator

code

@, Node No., Header Code

Contents identical to those of the command are returned.
End Code
The completion status of the command (e.g., whether or not an error has oc-
curred) is returned.
Text
Text is returned only when there is data such as read data.
FCS, Terminator
Refer to the corresponding explanations under “Command Format.”
Long Transmissions The largest block of data that can be transmitted as a single frame is 131 charac-
ters. A command or response of 132 characters or more must therefore be di-
vided into more than one frame before transmission. When a transmission is
split, the ends of the first and intermediate frames are marked by a delimiter
instead of a terminator.

352
Command and Response Formats Section 6-2

Dividing Commands (Host Computer to PC)

As each frame is transmitted by the host computer, the computer waits for the
delimiter to be transmitted from the PC. After the delimiter has been transmitted,
the next frame will then be sent. This procedure is repeated until the entire com-
mand has been transmitted.

Frame1 (command) Frame2 (command) Frame3 (command)

Unit no.
Header code
Host
computer Text Text Text

FCS FCS FCS

Delimiter Delimiter Terminator

Delimiter Delimiter Unit no.

PC
Header code
End code

Text

FCS
Terminator
Frame (response)

Dividing Responses (PC to Host Computer)

As each frame is received by the host computer, a delimiter is transmitted to the
PC. After the delimiter has been transmitted, the PC will transmit the next frame.
This procedure is repeated until the entire response has been transmitted.

Frame (command)
Unit no.
Header code
Host
computer Text

FCS
Terminator Delimiter Delimiter

Unit no.
Header code Text Text
End code
FCS FCS
PC Delimiter Terminator
Text
Frame2 (response) Frame3 (response)
FCS
Delimiter
Frame1 (response)

353
Command and Response Formats Section 6-2

Precautions for Long Transmissions

When dividing commands such as WR, WL, WC, or WD that execute write op-
erations, be careful not to divide into separate frames data that is to be written
into a single word. As shown in the illustration below, be sure to divide frames so
that they coincide with the divisions between words.

Frame 1

@ 0 0 W D Data ↵

Node Header One word of data FCS Delimiter

no. code
Data from the same word is not divided.
Frame 3

Data ↵

One word of data FCS Terminator

Data from the same word is not divided.

FCS (Frame Check Sequence) When a frame is transmitted, an FCS is placed just before the delimiter or termi-
nator in order to check whether any data error has been generated. The FCS is
8-bit data converted into two ASCII characters. The 8-bit data is the result of an
EXCLUSIVE OR performed on the data from the beginning of the frame until the
end of the text in that frame (i.e., just before the FCS). Calculating the FCS each
time a frame is received and checking the result against the FCS that is included
in the frame makes it possible to check for data errors in the frame.

@ 1 0 R R 0 0 0 1 4 2 ↵

Node no. Header code Text FCS Terminator

FCS calculation range

ASCII code
@ 40 0100 0000
XOR
1 31 0011 0001
XOR
0 30 0011 0000
XOR
R 52 0101 0010

1 31 0011 0001
Calculation 0100 0010
result ↓ ↓ Converted to hexadecimal.
4 2 Handled as ASCII characters.

354
Command and Response Formats Section 6-2

Example Program for FCS This example shows a BASIC subroutine program for executing an FCS check
on a frame received by the host computer.
400 *FCSCHECK
410 L=LEN(RESPONSE$) ’ . .......... Data transmitted and received
420 Q=0:FCSCK$=” ”
430 A$=RIGHT$(RESPONSE$,1)
440 PRINT RESPONSE$,A$,L
450 IF A$=”*” THEN LENGS=LEN(RESPONSE$)-3
ELSE LENGS=LEN(RESPONSE$)-2
460 FCSP$=MID$(RESPONSE$,LENGS+1,2) ’ . ... FCS data received
470 FOR I=1 TO LENGS ’ . .......... Number of characters in FCS
480 Q=ASC(MID$(RESPONSE$,I,1)) XOR Q
490 NEXT I
500 FCSD$=HEX$(Q)
510 IF LEN(FCSD$)=1 THEN FCSD$=”0”+FCSD$ ’ . .... FCS result
520 IF FCSD$<>FCSP$ THEN FCSCK$=”ERR”
530 PRINT”FCSD$=”;FCSD$,”FCSP$=”;FCSP$,”FCSCK$=”;FCSCK$
540 RETURN
Note 1. Normal reception data includes the FCS, delimiter or terminator, and so on.
When an error occurs in transmission, however the FCS or some other data
may not be included. Be sure to program the system to cover this possibility.
2. In this program example, the CR code (CHR$(13)) is not entered for RE-
SPONSE$. When including the CR code, make the changes in lines 430
and 450.

6-2-2 Commands from the PC (CQM1/SRM1 Only)

In host link communications, commands are ordinarily sent from the host com-
puter to the PC, but it is also possible for commands to be sent from the PC to the
host computer. In Host Link Mode, any data can be transmitted from the PC to
the host computer. To send a command to the host computer, use the TRANS-
MIT instruction (TXD(48)) in the PC program in Host Link Mode.
TXD(48) outputs data from the specified port (the RS-232C port or the peripher-
al port). Refer to page 342 for details on using TXD(48).
Reception Format When TXD(48) is executed, the data stored in the words beginning with the first
send word is converted to ASCII and output to the host computer as a host link
command in the format shown below. The “@” symbol, node number, header
code, FCS, and delimiter are all added automatically when the transmission is
sent. At the host computer, it is necessary to prepare in advance a program for
interpreting and processing this format.

@ E X 122 characters max. ↵

Node no. Header code Text FCS Terminator

(Must be “EX”)

One byte of data (2 digits hexadecimal) is converted to two characters in ASCII

for transmission, the amount of data in the transmission is twice the amount of
words specified for TXD(48). The maximum number of characters for transmis-
sion is 122 and the maximum number of bytes that can be designated for
TXD(48) is one half of that, or 61.

6-2-3 Response End Codes

Refer to 8-7 Host Link Errors for a table listing the response end codes that may
be returned in host link communications. An end code of 00 indicates normal
completion of a command.

355
Host Link Commands Section 6-3

6-3 Host Link Commands

This section explains the commands that can be issued from the host computer
to the PC.

6-3-1 IR/SR AREA READ –– RR

Reads the contents of the specified number of IR and SR words, starting from
the specified word.
Command Format

@ x 101 x 100 R R x 103 x 102 x 101 x 100 x 103 x 102 x 101 x 100 ↵

Node no. Header Beginning word* No. of words FCS Terminator

code (0000 to 0256)

Note Beginning word: 0000 to 0255 in CQM1 PCs, 0000 to 0019 and 0200 to 0255 in
CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1 PCs.
Response Format An end code of 00 indicates normal completion.

@ x 101 x 100 R R x 161 x 160 x 163 x 162 x 161 x 160 ↵

Node no. Header End code Read data (1 word) FCS Terminator
code
Read data (for number of words read)

Note 1. Words 0020 to 0199 in CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1 PCs cannot be specified. If an

attempt to read any of these words is made, a response of 0000 will be re-
turned.
2. The response will be divided when reading more than 30 words of data.
Parameters Read Data (Response)
The contents of the number of words specified by the command are returned in
hexadecimal as a response. The words are returned in order, starting with the
specified beginning word.

6-3-2 LR AREA READ –– RL

Reads the contents of the specified number of LR words, starting from the speci-
fied word.
Command Format

@ x 101 x 100 R L x 103 x 102 x 101 x 100 x 103 x 102 x 101 x 100 ↵

Node no. Header Beginning word1 No. of words2 FCS Terminator

code

Note 1. Beginning word: 0000 to 0063 in CQM1 PCs, 0000 to 0015 in

CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1 PCs
2. No. of words: 0001 to 0064 in CQM1 PCs, 0001 to 0016 in
CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1 PCs
Response Format An end code of 00 indicates normal completion.

@ x 101 x 100 R L x 161 x 160 x 163 x 162 x 161 x 160 ↵

Node no. Header End code Read data (1 word) FCS Terminator
code
Read data (for number of words read)

356
Host Link Commands Section 6-3

Parameters Read Data (Response)

The contents of the number of words specified by the command are returned in
hexadecimal as a response. The words are returned in order, starting with the
specified beginning word.

6-3-3 HR AREA READ –– RH

Reads the contents of the specified number of HR words, starting from the speci-
fied word.
Command Format

@ x 101 x 100 R H x 103 x 102 x 101 x 100 x 103 x 102 x 101 x 100 ↵

Node no. Header Beginning word1 No. of words2 FCS Terminator

code

Note 1. Beginning word: 0000 to 0099 in CQM1 PCs, 0000 to 0019 in

CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1 PCs
2. No. of words: 0001 to 0100 in CQM1 PCs, 0001 to 0020 in
CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1 PCs
Response Format An end code of 00 indicates normal completion.

@ x 101 x 100 R H x 161 x 160 x 163 x 162 x 161 x 160 ↵

Node no. Header End code Read data (1 word) FCS Terminator
code
Read data (for number of words read)

Parameters Read Data (Response)

The contents of the number of words specified by the command are returned in
hexadecimal as a response. The words are returned in order, starting with the
specified beginning word.

6-3-4 PV READ –– RC
Reads the contents of the specified number of timer/counter PVs (present val-
ues), starting from the specified timer/counter.
Command Format

@ x 101 x 100 R C x 103 x 102 x 101 x 100 x 103 x 102 x 101 x 100 ↵

Node no. Header Beginning timer/counter1 No. of timers/counters2 FCS Terminator

code

Note 1. Beginning T/C: 0000 to 0511 in CQM1 PCs, 0000 to 0127 in

CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1 PCs
2. No. of T/Cs: 0001 to 0512 in CQM1 PCs, 0001 to 0128 in
CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1 PCs
Response Format An end code of 00 indicates normal completion.

@ x 101 x 100 R C x 161 x 160 x 103 x 102 x 101 x 100 ↵

Node no. Header End code Read data (1 word) FCS Terminator
code Read data (for number of words read)

The response will be divided when reading more than 30 words of data.

357
Host Link Commands Section 6-3

Parameters Read Data (Response)

The number of present values specified by the command is returned in hexade-
cimal as a response. The PVs are returned in order, starting with the specified
beginning timer/counter.

6-3-5 TC STATUS READ –– RG

Reads the status of the Completion Flags of the specified number of timers/
counters, starting from the specified timer/counter.
Command Format

@ x 101 x 100 R G x 103 x 102 x 101 x 100 x 103 x 102 x 101 x 100 ↵

Node no. Header Beginning timer/counter1 No. of timers/counters2 FCS Terminator

code

Note 1. Beginning T/C: 0000 to 0511 in CQM1 PCs, 0000 to 0127 in

CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1 PCs
2. No. of T/Cs: 0001 to 0512 in CQM1 PCs, 0001 to 0128 in
CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1 PCs
Response Format An end code of 00 indicates normal completion.

@ x 101 x 100 R G x 161 x 160 ON/ ↵

OFF

Node no. Header End code FCS Terminator

code Read data
(1 timer/counter)
Read data
(for number of TC read)

The response will be divided when reading the status of more than 123 timer/
counters.
Parameters Read Data (Response)
The status of the number of Completion Flags specified by the command is re-
turned as a response. “1” indicates that the Completion Flag is ON.

6-3-6 DM AREA READ –– RD

Reads the contents of the specified number of DM words, starting from the spe-
cified word.
Command Format

@ x 101 x 100 R D x 103 x 102 x 101 x 100 x 103 x 102 x 101 x 100 ↵

Node no. Header Beginning word* No. of words FCS Terminator

code (0001 to 6656)

Note Beginning word: 0000 to 6655 in CQM1 PCs, 0000 to 1023 and 6144 to 6655 in
CPM1/CPM1A PCs, and 0000 to 2047 and 6144 to 6655 in SRM1 PCs.

Response Format An end code of 00 indicates normal completion.

@ x 101 x 100 R D x 161 x 160 x 163 x 162 x 161 x 160 ↵

Node no. Header End code Read data (1 word) FCS Terminator
code
Read data (for number of words read)

358
Host Link Commands Section 6-3

Note 1. Words 1024 to 6143 in CPM1/CPM1A PCs and words 2048 to 6143 in
SRM1 PCs cannot be specified. If an attempt to read any of these words is
made, a response of 0000 will be returned.
2. The response will be divided when reading more than 30 words of data.
Parameters Read Data (Response)
The contents of the number of words specified by the command are returned in
hexadecimal as a response. The words are returned in order, starting with the
specified beginning word.
Note Be careful about the configuration of the DM area, as it varies depending on the
CPU Unit model.

6-3-7 AR AREA READ –– RJ

Reads the contents of the specified number of AR words, starting from the speci-
fied word.
Command Format

@ x 101 x 100 R J x 103 x 102 x 101 x 100 x 103 x 102 x 101 x 100 ↵

Node no. Header Beginning word1 No. of words2 FCS Terminator

code

Note 1. Beginning word: 0000 to 0027 in CQM1 PCs, 0000 to 0015 in

CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1 PCs
2. No. of words: 0001 to 0028 in CQM1 PCs, 0001 to 0016 in
CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1 PCs
Response Format An end code of 00 indicates normal completion.

@ x 101 x 100 R J x 161 x 160 x 163 x 162 x 161 x 160 ↵

Node no. Header End code Read data (1 word ) FCS Terminator
code
Read data
(for number of words read)

Parameters Read Data (Response)

The contents of the number of words specified by the command are returned in
hexadecimal as a response. The words are returned in order, starting with the
specified beginning word.

6-3-8 IR/SR AREA WRITE –– WR

Writes data to the IR and SR areas, starting from the specified word. Writing is
done word by word.
Command Format

@ x 101 x 100 W R x 103 x 102 x 101 x 100 x 163 x 162 x 161 x 160 ↵

Node no. Header Beginning word* Write data (1 word) FCS Terminator
code
Write data
(for number of words to write)

Note 1. Beginning word: 0000 to 0252 in CQM1 PCs, 0000 to 0019 and 0200 to 0252
in CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1 PCs.
2. Divide the command when writing more than 30 words of data.

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Host Link Commands Section 6-3

Response Format An end code of 00 indicates normal completion.

@ x 101 x 100 W R x 161 x 160 ↵

Node no. Header End code FCS Terminator

code

Note Words 0020 to 0199 in CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1 PCs cannot be specified. If an at-

tempt to write to any of these words is made, the writing operation will not be
executed and normal completion occurs.

Parameters Write Data (Command)

Specify in order the contents of the number of words to be written to the IR or SR
area in hexadecimal, starting with the specified beginning word.
Note If data is specified for writing which exceeds the allowable range, an error will be
generated and the writing operation will not be executed. If, for example, 252 is
specified as the beginning word for writing,and two words of data are specified,
then 253 will become the last word for writing data, and the command will not be
executed because SR 253 is beyond the writable range.

6-3-9 LR AREA WRITE –– WL

Writes data to the LR area, starting from the specified word. Writing is done word
by word.
Command Format

@ x 101 x 100 W L x 103 x 102 x 101 x 100 x 163 x 162 x 161 x 160 ↵

Node no. Header Beginning word* Write data (1 word) FCS Terminator
code
Write data
(for number of words to write )

Note Beginning word: 0000 to 0063 in CQM1 PCs, 0000 to 0015 in

CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1 PCs

Response Format An end code of 00 indicates normal completion.

@ x 101 x 100 W L x 161 x 160 ↵

Node no. Header End code FCS Terminator

code

Parameters Write Data (Command)

Specify in order the contents of the number of words to be written to the LR area
in hexadecimal, starting with the specified beginning word.
Note If data is specified for writing which exceeds the allowable range, an error will be
generated and the writing operation will not be executed. If, for example, 60 is
specified as the beginning word for writing and five words of data are specified,
then 64 will become the last word for writing data, and the command will not be
executed because LR 64 is beyond area boundary.

6-3-10 HR AREA WRITE –– WH

Writes data to the HR area, starting from the specified word. Writing is done word
by word.

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Host Link Commands Section 6-3

Command Format

@ x 101 x 100 W H x 103 x 102 x 101 x 100 x 163 x 162 x 161 x 160 ↵

Node no. Header Beginning word* Write data (1 word) FCS Terminator
code
Write data
(for no. of words to write)

Note Beginning word: 0000 to 0063 in CQM1 PCs, 0000 to 0019 in

CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1 PCs

Response Format An end code of 00 indicates normal completion.

@ x 101 x 100 W H x 161 x 160 ↵

Node no. Header End code FCS Terminator

code

Parameters Write Data (Command)

Specify in order the contents of the number of words to be written to the HR area
in hexadecimal, starting with the specified beginning word.
Note If data is specified for writing which exceeds the allowable range, an error will be
generated and the writing operation will not be executed. If, for example, 98 is
specified as the beginning word for writing, and three words of data are speci-
fied, then 100 will become the last word for writing data, and the command will
not be executed because HR 100 is beyond area boundary.

6-3-11 PV WRITE –– WC
Writes the PVs (present values) of timers/counters starting from the specified
timer/counter.
Command Format

@ x 101 x 100 W C x 103 x 102 x 101 x 100 x 103 x 102 x 101 x 100 ↵

Node no. Header Beginning timer/counter* Write data (1 timer/counter) FCS Terminator
code
Write data
(for no. of PV to write)

Note 1. Beginning T/C: 0000 to 0511 in CQM1 PCs, 0000 to 0127 in CPM1/
CPM1A/SRM1 PCs
2. Divide the command when writing more than 29 words of data.
Response Format An end code of 00 indicates normal completion.

@ x 101 x 100 W C x 161 x 160 ↵

Node no. Header End code FCS Terminator

code

Parameters Write Data (Command)

Specify in decimal numbers (BCD) the present values for the number of timers/
counters that are to be written, starting from the beginning timer/counter.
Note 1. When this command is used to write data to the PV area, the Completion
Flags for the timers/counters that are written will be turned OFF.

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Host Link Commands Section 6-3

2. If data is specified for writing which exceeds the allowable range, an error
will be generated and the writing operation will not be executed. If, for exam-
ple, 510 is specified as the beginning word for writing, and three words of
data are specified, then 512 will become the last word for writing data, and
the command will not be executed because TC 512 is beyond area bound-
ary.

6-3-12 TC STATUS WRITE –– WG

Writes the status of the Completion Flags for timers and counters in the TC area,
starting from the specified timer/counter (number). Writing is done number by
number.
Command Format

@ x 101 x 100 W G x 103 x 102 x 101 x 100 ON/ ↵

OFF

Node no. Header Beginning timer/counter* FCS Terminator

code
Write data
(1 timer/counter)
Write data
(for number of TC to write)

Note 1. Beginning T/C: 0000 to 0511 in CQM1 PCs, 0000 to 0127 in

CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1 PCs
2. Divide the command when writing the status of more than 118 timer/count-
ers.
Response Format An end code of 00 indicates normal completion.

@ x 101 x 100 W G x 161 x 160 ↵

Node no. Header End code FCS Terminator

code

Parameters Write Data (Command)

Specify the status of the Completion Flags, for the number of timers/counters to
be written, in order (from the beginning word) as ON (i.e., “1”) or OFF (i.e., “0”).
When a Completion Flag is ON, it indicates that the time or count is up.
Note If data is specified for writing which exceeds the allowable range, an error will be
generated and the writing operation will not be executed. If, for example, 510 is
specified as the beginning word for writing, and three words of data are speci-
fied, then 512 will become the last word for writing data, and the command will
not be executed because TC 512 is beyond area boundary.

6-3-13 DM AREA WRITE –– WD

Writes data to the DM area, starting from the specified word. Writing is done
word by word.
Command Format

@ x 101 x 100 W D x 103 x 102 x 101 x 100 x 163 x 162 x 161 x 160 ↵

Node no. Header Beginning word* Write data (1 word) FCS Terminator
code
Write data
(for number of words to write)

Note 1. Beginning word: 0000 to 6143 in CQM1 PCs, 0000 to 1023 and 6144 to 6655
in CPM1/CPM1A PCs, and 0000 to 2047 and 6144 to 6655 in SRM1 PCs

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Host Link Commands Section 6-3

2. Divide the command when writing more than 29 words of data.

Response Format An end code of 00 indicates normal completion.

@ x 101 x 100 W D x 161 x 160 ↵

Node no. Header End code FCS Terminator

code

Note DM 1024 to DM 6143 in CPM1/CPM1A PCs and DM 2048 to DM 6143 in SRM1

PCs cannot be specified. If an attempt to write to any of these words is made, the
writing operation will not be executed for these words and the command will end
normally

Parameters Write Data (Command)

Specify in order the contents of the number of words to be written to the DM area
in hexadecimal, starting with the specified beginning word.
Note 1. If data is specified for writing which exceeds the allowable range, an error
will be generated and the writing operation will not be executed. If, for exam-
ple, 6142 is specified as the beginning word for writing, and three words of
data are specified, then 6144 will become the last word for writing data, and
the command will not be executed because DM 6144 is beyond the writable
range.
2. Be careful about the configuration of the DM area, as it varies depending on
the CPU Unit model.

6-3-14 AR AREA WRITE –– WJ

Writes data to the AR area, starting from the specified word. Writing is done word
by word.
Command Format

@ x 101 x 100 W J x 103 x 102 x 101 x 100 x 163 x 162 x 161 x 160 ↵

Node no. Header Beginning word* Write data (1 word) FCS Terminator
code
Write data
(for the number of words to write)

Note Beginning word: 0000 to 0027 in CQM1 PCs, 0000 to 0015 in CPM1/CPM1A
and SRM1 PCs

Response Format An end code of 00 indicates normal completion.

@ x 101 x 100 W J x 161 x 160 : ↵

Node no. Header End code FCS Terminator

code

Parameters Write Data (Command)

Specify in order the contents of the number of words to be written to the AR area
in hexadecimal, starting with the specified beginning word.
Note If data is specified for writing which exceeds the allowable range, an error will be
generated and the writing operation will not be executed. If, for example, 26 is
specified as the beginning word for writing, and three words of data are speci-
fied, then 28 will become the last word for writing data, and the command will not
be executed because AR 28 is beyond the writable range.

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Host Link Commands Section 6-3

6-3-15 SV READ 1 –– R#
Searches for the first instance of a TIM, TIMH(15), CNT, and CNTR(12) instruc-
tion with the specified TC number in the user’s program and reads the PV, which
assumed to be set as a constant. The SV that is read is a 4-digit decimal number
(BCD). The program is searched from the beginning, which may take as much
as 10 seconds to produce a response.
Command Format

@ x 101 x 100 R # OP1 OP2 OP3 OP4 x 103 x 102 x 101 x 100 ↵

Node no. Header Name TC number* FCS Terminator

code

Note TC number: 0000 to 0511 in CQM1 PCs, 0000 to 0127 in CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1

PCs

Response Format

@ x 101 x 100 R # x 161 x 160 x 103 x 102 x 101 x 100 ↵

Node no. Header End code SV FCS Terminator

code

Parameters Name, TC Number (Command)

Specify the instruction for reading the SV in “Name.” Make this setting in 4 char-
acters. In “TC number,” specify the timer/counter number used for the instruc-
tion.
Instruction name Classification
OP1 OP2 OP3 OP4
T I M (Space) TIMER
T I M H HIGH-SPEED TIMER
C N T (Space) COUNTER
C N T R REVERSIBLE COUNTER
SV (Response)
The constant SV is returned.
Note 1. The instruction specified under “Name” must be in four characters.
2. If the same instruction is used more than once in a program, only the first one
will be read.
3. Use this command only when it is definite that a constant SV has been set.
4. The response end code will indicate an error (16) if the SV wasn’t entered as
a constant.

6-3-16 SV READ 2 –– R$
Reads the constant SV or the word address where the SV is stored. The SV that
is read is a 4-digit decimal number (BCD) written as the second operand for the
TIM, TIMH(15), CNT, or CNTR(12) instruction at the specified program address
in the user’s program. This can only be done with a program of less than 10K.
Command Format

@ x 101 x 100 R $ x 103 x 102 x 101 x 100 OP1 OP2 OP3 OP4 x 103 x 102 x 101 x 100 ↵

Node no. Header Program Name TC number* FCS Terminator

code address

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Host Link Commands Section 6-3

Note TC number: 0000 to 0511 in CQM1 PCs, 0000 to 0127 in CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1

PCs
Response Format An end code of 00 indicates normal completion.

@ x 101 x 100 R $ x 161 x 160 OP1 OP2 OP3 OP4 x 103 x 102 x 101 x 100 ↵

Node no. Header End code Operand SV FCS Terminator

code

Parameters Name, TC Number (Command)

Specify the name of the instruction for reading the SV in “Name.” Make this set-
ting in 4 characters. In “TC number,” specify the timer/counter number used by
the instruction.
Instruction name Classification
OP1 OP2 OP3 OP4
T I M (Space) TIMER
T I M H HIGH-SPEED TIMER
C N T (Space) COUNTER
C N T R REVERSIBLE COUNTER
Operand, SV (Response)
The name that indicates the SV classification is returned to “Operand,” and ei-
ther the word address where the SV is stored or the constant SV is returned to
“SV.”
Operand Classification Constant or word address
OP1 OP2 OP3 OP4 CQM1 PCs CPM1 PCs
C I O (Space) IR or SR 0000 to 0255 0000 to 0019
0200 to 0255
L R (Space) (Space) LR 0000 to 0063 0000 to 0015
H R (Space) (Space) HR 0000 to 0099 0000 to 0019
A R (Space) (Space) AR 0000 to 0027 0000 to 0015
D M (Space) (Space) DM 0000 to 6655 0000 to 6655
D M (Space) DM (indirect) 0000 to 6655 0000 to 6655
C O N (Space) Constant 0000 to 9999 0000 to 9999

Note The instruction name specified under “Name” must be in four characters. Fill any
gaps with spaces to make a total of four characters.

6-3-17 SV READ 3 –– R% (CQM1 Only)

Reads the constant SV or the word address where the SV is stored. The SV that
is read is a 4-digit decimal number (BCD) written in the second word of the TIM,
TIMH(15), CNT, or CNTR(12) instruction at the specified program address in the
user’s program. With this command, program addresses can be specified for a
program of 10K or more.
Command Format

@ x 101 x 100 R % x 105 x 104 x 103 x 102 x 101 x 100 OP1 OP2 OP3 OP4 x 103 x 102 x 101 x 100

Node no. Header Program Name Timer/counter

code address (0000 to 0511)
Must be “0”
↵

FCS Terminator

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Host Link Commands Section 6-3

Response Format An end code of 00 indicates normal completion.

@ x 101 x 100 R % x 161 x 160 OP1 OP2 OP3 OP4 x 103 x 102 x 101 x 100 ↵

Node no. Header End code Operand SV FCS Terminator

code

Parameters Name, TC Number (Command)

Specify the name of the instruction for reading the SV in “Name.” Make this set-
ting in 4 characters. In “TC number,” specify the timer/counter number used by
the instruction.
Instruction name Classification TC number
OP1 OP2 OP3 OP4 range
T I M (Space) TIMER 0000 to 0511
T I M H HIGH-SPEED TIMER
C N T (Space) COUNTER
C N T R REVERSIBLE COUNTER
Operand, SV (Response)
The name that indicates the SV classification is returned to “Operand,” and ei-
ther the word address where the SV is stored or the constant SV is returned to
“SV.”
Operand Classification Constant or
OP1 OP2 OP3 OP4 word address
C I O (Space) IR or SR 0000 to 0255
L R (Space) (Space) LR 0000 to 0063
H R (Space) (Space) HR 0000 to 0099
A R (Space) (Space) AR 0000 to 0027
D M (Space) (Space) DM 0000 to 6655
D M (Space) DM (indirect) 0000 to 6655
C O N (Space) Constant 0000 to 9999

Note The instruction name specified under “Name” must be in four characters. Fill any
gaps with spaces to make a total of four characters.

6-3-18 SV CHANGE 1 –– W#
Searches for the first instance of the specified TIM, TIMH(15), CNT, or
CNTR(12) instruction in the user’s program and changes the SV to new constant
SV specified in the second word of the instruction. The program is searched from
the beginning, and it may therefore take approximately 10 seconds to produce a
response.

Command Format

@ x 101 x 100 W # OP1 OP2 OP3 OP4 x 103 x 102 x 101 x 100 x 103 x 102 x 101 x 100 ↵

Node no. Header Name TC number* SV (0000 to 9999) FCS Terminator

code

Note TC number: 0000 to 0511 in CQM1 PCs, 0000 to 0127 in CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1

PCs

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Host Link Commands Section 6-3

Response Format An end code of 00 indicates normal completion.

@ x 101 x 100 W # x 161 x 160 ↵

Node no. Header End code FCS Terminator

code

Parameters Name, TC Number (Command)

6-3-19 SV CHANGE 2 –– W$
Changes the contents of the second word of the TIM, TIMH(15), CNT, or
CNTR(12) at the specified program address in the user’s program. This can only
be done with a program of less than 10K.
Command Format

@ x 101 x 100 W $ x 103 x 102 x 101 x 100 OP1 OP2 OP3 OP4 x 103 x 102 x 101 x 100

Node no. Header Program Name TC number

code address

OP1 OP2 OP3 OP4 x 103 x 102 x 101 x 100 ↵

Operand SV FCS Terminator

Note TC number: 0000 to 0511 in CQM1 PCs, 0000 to 0127 in CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1

PCs
Response Format An end code of 00 indicates normal completion.

@ x 101 x 100 W $ x 161 x 160 ↵

Node no. Header End code FCS Terminator

code

Parameters Name, TC Number (Command)

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Host Link Commands Section 6-3

Operand, SV (Response)
In “Operand,” specify the name that indicates the SV classification. Specify the
name in four characters. In “SV,” specify either the word address where the SV is
stored or the constant SV.
Operand Classification Constant or word address
OP1 OP2 OP3 OP4 CQM1 PCs CPM1 PCs
C I O (Space) IR or SR 0000 to 0252 0000 to 0019
0200 to 0252
L R (Space) (Space) LR 0000 to 0063 0000 to 0015
H R (Space) (Space) HR 0000 to 0099 0000 to 0019
A R (Space) (Space) AR 0000 to 0027 0000 to 0015
D M (Space) (Space) DM 0000 to 6655 0000 to 1023
6144 to 6655
D M (Space) DM (indirect) 0000 to 6655 0000 to 1023
6144 to 6655
C O N (Space) Constant 0000 to 9999 0000 to 9999

6-3-20 SV CHANGE 3 –– W% (CQM1 Only)

Changes the contents of the second word of the TIM, TIMH(15), CNT, or
CNTR(12) at the specified program address in the user’s program. With this
command, program address can be specified for a program of more than 10K.
Command Format

@ x 101 x 100 W % x 105 x 104 x 103 x 102 x 101 x 100 OP1 OP2 OP3 OP4 x 103 x 102 x 101 x 100

Node no. Header Program Name Timer/counter

code address (0000 to 0511)
Must be “0”

OP1 OP2 OP3 OP4 x 103 x 102 x 101 x 100 ↵

Operand SV FCS Terminator

Response Format An end code of 00 indicates normal completion.

@ x 101 x 100 W % x 161 x 160 ↵

Node no. Header End code FCS Terminator

code

Parameters Name, TC Number (Command)

In “Name,” specify the name of the instruction, in four characters, for changing
the SV. In “TC number,” specify the timer/counter number used for the instruc-
tion.
Instruction name Classification TC number
OP1 OP2 OP3 OP4 range
T I M (Space) TIMER 0000 to 0511
T I M H HIGH-SPEED TIMER
C N T (Space) COUNTER
C N T R REVERSIBLE COUNTER
Operand, New SV (Response)
In “Operand,” specify the name that indicates the SV classification. Specify the
name in four characters. In “SV,” specify either the word address where the SV is
stored or the constant SV.

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Host Link Commands Section 6-3

Operand Classification Constant or

OP1 OP2 OP3 OP4 word address
C I O (Space) IR or SR 0000 to 0252
L R (Space) (Space) LR 0000 to 0063
H R (Space) (Space) HR 0000 to 0099
A R (Space) (Space) AR 0000 to 0027
D M (Space) (Space) DM 0000 to 6655
D M (Space) DM (indirect) 0000 to 6655
C O N (Space) Constant 0000 to 9999

6-3-21 STATUS READ –– MS

Reads the PC operating conditions.
Command Format

@ x 101 x 100 M S ↵

Node no. Header FCS Terminator

code

Response Format An end code of 00 indicates normal completion.

@ x 101 x 100 M S x 161 x 160 x 163 x 162 x 161 x 160 16 characters ↵

Node no. Header End code Status data Message FCS Terminator
code

Parameters Status Data, Message (Response)

“Status data” consists of four digits (two bytes) hexadecimal. The leftmost byte
indicates CPU Unit operation mode, and the rightmost byte indicates the size of
the program area.
x 163 x 162
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8
0 0 0 0
Bit Operation mode
1: Fatal error generated 9 8

1: FALS generated 0 0 PROGRAM mode

1 0 RUN mode
This area is different
1 1 MONITOR mode from that of STATUS
WRITE.

x 161 x 160
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
1 0 0 0

Program area write–protection

0: Write-protected
Bit Program area 1: Not write-protected
6 5 4
(In CQM1 PCs, turn DIP switch pin 1 ON
0 0 0 None to write-protect the program area.)
0 0 1 4 Kbytes
0 1 0 8 Kbytes

In CQM1 PCs, the “Message” parameter is a FAL/FALS number that exists when
the command is executed. When there is no message, this parameter is omitted.

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Host Link Commands Section 6-3

In CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1 PCs, the “Message” parameter is a 16-character mes-

sage that exists when the command is executed. When there is no message,
this parameter is omitted.

6-3-22 STATUS WRITE –– SC

Changes the PC operating mode.
Command Format

@ x 101 x 100 S C x 161 x 160 ↵

Node no. Header Mode data FCS Terminator

code

Response Format An end code of 00 indicates normal completion.

@ x 101 x 100 S C x 161 x 160 ↵

Node no. Header End code FCS Terminator

code

Parameters Mode Data (Command)

“Mode data” consists of two digits (one byte) hexadecimal. With the leftmost two
bits, specify the PC operating mode. Set all of the remaining bits to “0.”
x 161 x 160
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0 0 0 0 0 0

Bit Operation mode

1 0
0 0 PROGRAM mode
1 0 MONITOR mode
This area is different
1 1 RUN mode from that of STATUS
READ.

6-3-23 ERROR READ –– MF

Reads and clears errors in the PC. Also checks whether previous errors have
been cleared.
Command Format

@ x 101 x 100 M F x 101 x 100 ↵

Node no. Header Error clear FCS Terminator

code

Response Format An end code of 00 indicates normal completion.

@ x 101 x 100 M F x 161 x 160 x 163 x 162 x 161 x 160 x 163 x 162 x 161 x 160 ↵

Node no. Header End code Error information Error information FCS Terminator
code (1st word) (2nd word)

Parameters Error Clear (Command)

Specify 01 to clear errors and 00 to not clear errors (BCD). Fatal errors can be
cleared only when the PC is in PROGRAM mode.

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Host Link Commands Section 6-3

Error Information (Response)

The error information comes in two words.
CQM1/CPM1/CPM1A PCs
1st word
x 163 x 162 x 161 x 160
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

ON: Battery error (Error code F7, CQM1 only)

ON: System error (FAL)
ON: Memory error (Error code F1)
ON: I/O bus error (Error code C0)
ON: No end instruction error (FALS)
ON: System error (FAL)

2nd word
x 163 x 162 x 161 x 160
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0 0 0 0 0 0

FAL, FALS No. (00 to FF)

ON: Cycle time overrun (Error code F8)
ON: I/O Unit overflow (Error code E1)

SRM1 PCs
1st word
x 163 x 162 x 161 x 160
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

ON: Battery error (Error code F7, CQM1 only)

ON: System error (FAL)
ON: Memory error (Error code F1)

ON: No end instruction error (FALS)

ON: System error (FAL)

2nd word
x 163 x 162 x 161 x 160
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0

FAL, FALS No. (00 to 99)

ON: Cycle time overrun (Error code F8)

6-3-24 FORCED SET –– KS

Force sets a bit in the IR, SR, LR, HR, AR, or TC area. Just one bit can be force
set at a time.
Once a bit has been forced set or reset, that status will be retained until a
FORCED SET/RESET CANCEL (KC) command or the next FORCED SET/RE-
SET command is transmitted.

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Host Link Commands Section 6-3

Command Format

@ x 101 x 100 K S OP1 OP2 OP3 OP4 x 103 x 102 x 101 x 100 x 101 x 100 ↵

Node no. Header Name Word Bit FCS Terminator

code address

Response Format An end code of 00 indicates normal completion.

@ x 101 x 100 K S x 161 x 160 ↵

Node no. Header End code FCS Terminator

code

Parameters Name, Word address, Bit (Command)

In “Name,” specify the area (i.e., IR, SR, LR, HR, AR, or TC) that is to be forced
set. Specify the name in four characters. In “Word address,” specify the address
of the word, and in “Bit” the number of the bit that is to be forced set.
Name Classification Word address setting range Bit
OP1 OP2 OP3 OP4 CQM1 PCs CPM1/
CPM1A/SRM1
PCs
C I O (Space) IR or SR 0000 to 0252 0000 to 0019 00 to 15
0200 to 0252 (decimal)
L R (Space) (Space) LR 0000 to 0063 0000 to 0015
H R (Space) (Space) HR 0000 to 0099 0000 to 0019
A R (Space) (Space) AR 0000 to 0027 0000 to 0015
T I M (Space) Completion Flag (timer) 0000 to 0511 0000 to 0127 Always 00
T I M H Completion Flag (high-speed timer)
C N T (Space) Completion Flag (counter)
C N T R Completion Flag (reversible counter)
Note The area specified under “Name” must be in four characters. Add spaces after
the data area name if it is shorter than four characters.

6-3-25 FORCED RESET –– KR

Force resets a bit in the IR, SR, LR, HR, AR, or TC area. Just one bit can be force
reset at a time.
Once a bit has been forced set or reset, that status will be retained until a
FORCED SET/RESET CANCEL (KC) command or the next FORCED SET/RE-
SET command is transmitted.
Command Format

@ x 101 x 100 K R OP1 OP2 OP3 OP4 x 103 x 102 x 101 x 100 x 101 x 100 ↵

Node no. Header Name Word Bit FCS Terminator

code address

Response Format An end code of 00 indicates normal completion.

@ x 101 x 100 K R x 161 x 160 ↵

Node no. Header End code FCS Terminator

code

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Host Link Commands Section 6-3

Parameters Name, Word address, Bit (Command)

In “Name,” specify the area (i.e., IR, SR, LR, HR, AR, or TC) that is to be forced
reset. Specify the name in four characters. In “Word address,” specify the ad-
dress of the word, and in “Bit” the number of the bit that is to be forced reset.

Name Classification Word address setting range Bit

OP1 OP2 OP3 OP4 CQM1 PCs CPM1/CPM1A/
SRM1 PCs
C I O (Space) IR or SR 0000 to 0252 0000 to 0019 00 to 15
0200 to 0252 (decimal)
L R (Space) (Space) LR 0000 to 0063 0000 to 0015
H R (Space) (Space) HR 0000 to 0099 0000 to 0019
A R (Space) (Space) AR 0000 to 0027 0000 to 0015
T I M (Space) Completion Flag (timer) 0000 to 0511 0000 to 0127 Always 00
T I M H Completion Flag (high-speed timer)
C N T (Space) Completion Flag (counter)
C N T R Completion Flag (reversible counter)

Note The area specified under “Name” must be in four characters. Add spaces after
the data area name if it is shorter than four characters.

6-3-26 MULTIPLE FORCED SET/RESET –– FK

Force sets, force resets, or cancels the status of the bits in one word in the IR,
SR, LR, HR, AR, or TC area.

Command Format

@ x 101 x 100 F K OP1 OP2 OP3 OP4 x 103 x 102 x 101 x 100

Node no. Header Name Word

code address

Forced set/reset/cancel data ↵

x 160 x 160 x 160 x 160 x 160 x 160 x 160 x 160

FCS Terminator
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 1 0

Response Format An end code of 00 indicates normal completion.

@ x 101 x 100 F K x 161 x 160 ↵

Node no. Header End code FCS Terminator

code

Parameters Name, Word address (Command)

In “Name,” specify the area (i.e., IR, SR, LR, HR, AR, or TC) that is to be forced
set or reset. Specify the name in four characters. In “Word address,” specify the
address of the word that is to be forced set or reset.

373
Host Link Commands Section 6-3

Name Classification Word address setting range

OP1 OP2 OP3 OP4 CQM1 PCs CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1
PCs
C I O (Space) IR or SR 0000 to 0252 0000 to 0019
0200 to 0252
L R (Space) (Space) LR 0000 to 0063 0000 to 0015
H R (Space) (Space) HR 0000 to 0099 0000 to 0019
A R (Space) (Space) AR 0000 to 0027 0000 to 0015
T I M (Space) Completion Flag (timer) 0000 to 0511 0000 to 0127
T I M H Completion Flag (high-speed timer)
C N T (Space) Completion Flag (counter)
C N T R Completion Flag (reversible counter)

Forced set/Reset/Cancel data (Command)

If a timer or counter completion flag is specified, only bit 15 is effective and all
other bits will be ignored. Only force-setting and force-resetting are possible for
timers/counters.
If a word address is specified, the content of the word specifies the desired pro-
cess for each bit in the specified word, as shown in the following table.

Hexadecimal setting Process

0000 No action (bit status not changed)
0002 Reset
0003 Set
0004 Forced-reset
0005 Forced-set
0008 Forced set/reset status cancel

The bits that are merely set or reset may change status the next time the pro-
gram is executed, but bits that are force-set or force-reset will maintain the
forced status until it is cleared.

Response Format An end code of 00 indicates normal completion.

@ x 101 x 100 F K x 161 x 160 ↵

Node no. Header End code FCS Terminator

code

6-3-27 FORCED SET/RESET CANCEL –– KC

Cancels all forced set and forced reset bits (including those set by FORCED
SET, FORCED RESET, and MULTIPLE FORCED SET/RESET). If multiple bits
are set, the forced status will be cancelled for all of them. It is not possible to can-
cel bits one by one using KC.

Command Format

@ x 101 x 100 K C ↵

Node no. Header FCS Terminator

code

374
Host Link Commands Section 6-3

Response Format An end code of 00 indicates normal completion.

@ x 101 x 100 K C x 161 x 160 ↵

Node no. Header End code FCS Terminator

code

6-3-28 PC MODEL READ –– MM

Reads the model type of the PC.
Command Format

@ x 101 x 100 M M ↵

Node no. Header FCS Terminator

code

Response Format An end code of 00 indicates normal completion.

@ x 101 x 100 M M x 161 x 160 x 161 x 160 ↵

Node no. Header End code Model FCS Terminator

code code

Parameters Model Code

“Model code” indicates the PC model in two digits hexadecimal.
Model code Model
01 C250
02 C500
03 C120
0E C2000
10 C1000H
11 C2000H/CQM1/CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1
12 C20H/C28H/C40H/C200H/C200HS
20 CV500
21 CV1000
22 CV2000
40 CVM1-CPU01-E
41 CVM1-CPU11-E
42 CVM1-CPU21-E

6-3-29 TEST–– TS
Returns, unaltered, one block of data transmitted from the host computer.
Command Format

@ x 101 x 100 T S 122 characters max. ↵

Node no. Header Characters FCS Terminator

code

375
Host Link Commands Section 6-3

Response Format An end code of 00 indicates normal completion.

@ x 101 x 100 T S 122 characters max. ↵

Node no. Header Characters FCS Terminator

code

Parameters Characters (Command, Response)

For the command, this setting specifies any characters other than the carriage
return (CHR$(13)). For the response, the same characters as specified by the
command will be returned unaltered if the test is successful.

6-3-30 PROGRAM READ –– RP

Reads the contents of the PC user’s program area in machine language (object
code). The contents are read as a block, from the beginning to the end.
Command Format

@ x 101 x 100 R P ↵

Node no. Header FCS Terminator

code

Response Format An end code of 00 indicates normal completion.

@ x 101 x 100 R P x 161 x 160 x 161 x 160 ↵

Node no. Header End code 1 byte FCS Terminator

code Program (for entire UM area)

Parameters Program (Response)

The program is read from the entire program area.
Note To stop this operation in progress, execute the ABORT (XZ) command.

6-3-31 PROGRAM WRITE –– WP

Writes to the PC user’s program area the machine language (object code) pro-
gram transmitted from the host computer. The contents are written as a block,
from the beginning.
Command Format

@ x 101 x 100 W P x 161 x 160 ↵

Node no. Header 1 byte FCS Terminator

code Program (Up to maximum memory size)

Response Format An end code of 00 indicates normal completion.

@ x 101 x 100 W P x 161 x 160 ↵

Node no. Header End code FCS Terminator

code

Parameters Program (Command)

Program data up to the maximum memory size.

376
Host Link Commands Section 6-3

6-3-32 COMPOUND COMMAND –– QQ

Registers at the PC all of the bits, words, and timers/counters that are to be read,
and reads the status of all of them as a batch.

Registering Read Information

@ x 101 x 100 Q Q M R OP1 OP2 OP3 OP4 x 103 x 102 x 101 x 100 OP1 OP2
,

Node no. Header Sub-header Read area Read word address Data Data break
code code format
Single read information
Total read information (128 max.)

OP1 OP2 OP3 OP4 x 103 x 102 x 101 x 100 OP1 OP2 ↵
,

Data break Read area Read word address Data FCS Terminator
format
Single read information
Total read information (128 max.)

Response Format An end code of 00 indicates normal completion.

@ x 101 x 100 Q Q M R x 161 x 160 ↵

Node no. Header Sub-header End code FCS Terminator

code code

Parameters Read Area (Command)

Specify in four-character code the area that is to be read. The codes that can be
specified are listed in the following table.

377
Host Link Commands Section 6-3

Read Word address, Data Format (Command)

Depending on the area and type of data that are to be read, the information to be
read is as shown in the following table. The “read data” is specified in four digits
BCD, and the data format is specified in two digits BCD.

Area classifica- Read data Read area Read word Data format
tion CQM1 PCs CPM1/
CPM1A/
SRM1 PCs
IR or SR Bit C I O (S) 0000 to 0255 0000 to 0019 00 to 15 (decimal)
Word 0200 to 0255 “CH”
LR Bit L R (S) (S) 0000 to 0063 0000 to 0015 00 to 15 (decimal)
Word “CH”
HR Bit H R (S) (S) 0000 to 0099 0000 to 0019 00 to 15 (decimal)
Word “CH”
AR Bit A R (S) (S) 0000 to 0027 0000 to 0015 00 to 15 (decimal)
Bit “CH”
Timer Completion Flag T I M (S) 0000 to 0511 0000 to 0127 2 characters other than “CH”
PV “CH”
High-speed timer Completion Flag TIMH 0000 to 0511 0000 to 0127 2 characters other than “CH”
PV “CH”
Counter Completion Flag C N T (S) 0000 to 0511 0000 to 0127 2 characters other than “CH”
PV “CH”
Reversible counter Completion Flag CNTR 0000 to 0511 0000 to 0127 2 characters other than “CH”
PV “CH”
DM Word D M (S) (S) 0000 to 6655 0000 to 1023* Any 2 characters
6144 to 6655

Note *For SRM1 PCs, the DM range is from 0000 to 2047.

(S): Space

Data Break (Command)

The read information is specified one item at a time separated by a break code
(,). The maximum number of items that can be specified is 128. (When the PV of
a timer/counter is specified, however, the status of the Completion Flag is also
returned, and must therefore be counted as two items.)

Batch Reading
The bit, word, and timer/counter status is read as a batch according to the read
information that was registered with QQ.

Command Format

@ x 101 x 100 Q Q I R ↵

Node no. Header Sub-header FCS Terminator

code code

378
Host Link Commands Section 6-3

Response Format An end code of 00 indicates normal completion.

@ x 101 x 100 Q Q I R x 161 x 160 ON/ x 103 x 102 x 101 x 100 ,

OFF

Node no. Header Sub-header End code Timer/counter Data break

code code If PV is specified the sta-
tus of the Completion Flag
is also returned.

ON/
, , , x 163 x 162 x 161 x 160 ↵
OFF

Word data FCS Terminator

Bit data IR, SR, LR, HR,
ON/OFF AR, DM

Parameters Read Data (Response)

Read data is returned according to the data format and the order in which read
information was registered using QQ. If “Completion Flag” has been specified,
then bit data (ON or OFF) is returned. If “Word” has been specified, then word
data is returned. If “PV” has been specified for timers/counters, however, then
the PV is returned following the Completion Flag.
Data Break (Response)
The break code (, ) is returned between sections that are read.

6-3-33 ABORT –– XZ
Aborts the Host Link operation that is currently being processed, and then en-
ables reception of the next command. The ABORT command does not receive a
response.
Command Format

@ x 101 x 100 X Z ↵

Node no. Header FCS Terminator

code

6-3-34 INITIALIZE ––
Initializes the transmission control procedure of all the PCs connected to the
host computer. The INITIALIZE command does not use node numbers or FCS,
and does not receive a response.
Command Format

@ ↵

6-3-35 Undefined Command –– IC

This response is returned if the header code of a command cannot be decoded.
Check the header code.
Response Format

@ x 101 x 100 I C ↵

Node no. Header FCS Terminator

code

379
SECTION 7
PC Operations and Processing Time
This section explains the internal processing of the CQM1/CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1, and the time required for processing and
execution. Refer to this section to gain an understanding of the precise timing of CQM1/CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1 operation.

7-1 CQM1 Cycle Time and I/O Response Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382

7-1-1 The CQM1 Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382
7-1-2 CQM1 Cycle Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383
7-1-3 I/O Response Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385
7-1-4 One-to-one Link I/O Response Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386
7-1-5 Interrupt Processing Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388
7-1-6 CQM1 Instruction Execution Times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389
7-2 CPM1/CPM1A Cycle Time and I/O Response Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400
7-2-1 The CPM1/CPM1A Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400
7-2-2 CPM1/CPM1A Cycle Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401
7-2-3 I/O Response Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402
7-2-4 One-to-one Link I/O Response Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403
7-2-5 Interrupt Processing Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405
7-2-6 CPM1/CPM1A Instruction Execution Times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406
7-3 SRM1 Cycle Time and I/O Response Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411
7-3-1 The SRM1 Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411
7-3-2 SRM1 Cycle Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412
7-3-3 I/O Response Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414
7-3-4 One-to-one Link I/O Response Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414
7-3-5 Interrupt Processing Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416
7-3-6 SRM1 Instruction Execution Times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417

381
CQM1 Cycle Time and I/O Response Time Section 7-1

7-1 CQM1 Cycle Time and I/O Response Time

7-1-1 The CQM1 Cycle
CQM1 Operation Flowchart The overall flow of CQM1 operation is as shown in the following flowchart.

Power application

Is DIP switch OFF

pin 2 set to
ON?

ON
Initialization
Transfer contents of
Memory Cassette to
CQM1.

Clear IR, SR, AR areas;

preset system timers;
and check I/O Units.

Check hardware and

Program Memory.

No Check OK?
Overseeing
processes
Yes
Set error flags Preset cycle time
and activate monitoring time.
indicators.
ALARM
(flashing) Execute user’s program.
ERROR or ALARM?
No Program
ERROR End of program?
execution
(lit)
Yes
Check cycle time set-
ting. Cycle
time
Minimum No
cycle
time?
Cycle time
Yes processing
Wait until minimum cycle
time expires.

Compute cycle time.

Refresh input bits and I/O refreshing

output terminals.

Service
Service RS-232C port. RS-232C
interface.
Service
Service peripheral port. peripheral
port.

382
CQM1 Cycle Time and I/O Response Time Section 7-1

One cycle of CPU Unit operation is called a cycle. The time required for one
cycle is called the cycle time.

I/O Refresh Methods CQM1 I/O refresh operations are broadly divided into two categories. The first of
these, input refresh, involves reading the ON/OFF status of input points to the
input bits. The second, output refresh, involves writing the ON/OFF status after
program execution to the output points. The CQM1 I/O refresh methods are as
shown in the following table.

Input/Output I/O refresh method Function

Input Cyclic refresh Input refresh is executed at a set time once per cycle.
Interrupt input refresh Input refresh is executed before execution of the interrupt processing rou-
tine whenever an input interrupt, interval timer interrupt, or high-speed
counter interrupt occurs. (The cyclic refresh is also executed.)
Output Cyclic refresh Output refresh is executed at a set time once per cycle.
Direct refresh When there is an output from the user’s program, that output point is im-
mediately refreshed. (The cyclic refresh is also executed.)

The initial status of the CQM1 I/O refresh is as follows:

Input: Only cyclic refresh executed.

Output: Only cyclic refresh executed.

Cyclic refresh must be executed for both inputs and outputs. If input refresh is to
be executed at the time of interrupts, then set the input refresh range in the PC
Setup (DM 6630 to DM 6638). Stopping direct refresh can be set in DM 6639 of
the PC Setup.

In addition to the methods described above, it is also possible to execute I/O re-
freshes in the program by means of IORF(97).

7-1-2 CQM1 Cycle Time

The processes involved in a single CQM1 cycle are shown in the following table,
and their respective processing times are explained.

Process Content Time requirements

Overseeing Setting cycle watchdog timer, I/O bus check, UM 0.8 ms (0.9 ms when a Memory Cas-
check, refreshing clock, refreshing bits allocated sette equipped with a clock is mounted)
to new functions, etc. Add an additional 0.1 ms for the
CQM1-CPU4-EV1 CPU Units.
Program execution User program is executed. Total time for executing instructions.
(Varies according to content of user’s
program.)
Cycle time calculation Standby until set time, when minimum cycle time Almost instantaneous, except for stand-
is set in DM 6619 of PC Setup. by processing.
Calculation of cycle time.
I/O refresh Input Unit’s input information is read to input bits. Number of input words × 0.01 ms
Output information (results of executing program)
is written to Output Unit’s output bits.
RS-232C port servicing Devices connected to RS-232C port serviced. 5% or less of cycle time (see note)
Peripheral port servicing Devices connected to peripheral port serviced. 5% or less of cycle time (see note)

Note The percentages can be changed in the PC Setup (DM 6616, DM 6617).

383
CQM1 Cycle Time and I/O Response Time Section 7-1

Cycle Time and Operations The effects of the cycle time on CQM1 operations are as shown below.

Cycle time Operation conditions

10 ms or longer TIMH(15) may be inaccurate when TC 016 through TC 511 are used (operation will be normal for
TC 000 through TC 015) (see note 1).
20 ms or longer Programming using the 0.02-second Clock Bit (SR 25401) may be inaccurate.
100 ms or longer Programming using the 0.1-second Clock Bit (SR 25500) may be inaccurate. A CYCLE TIME OVER
error is generated (SR 25309 will turn ON) (see note 2).
120 ms or longer The FALS 9F monitoring time SV is exceeded. A system error (FALS 9F) is generated, and opera-
tion stops (see note 3).
200 ms or longer Programming using the 0.2-second Clock Bit (SR 25501) may be inaccurate.

Note 1. The number of timers to undergo interrupt processing can be set in DM 6629
of the PC Setup. The default setting is for TC 000 through TC 015.
2. The PC Setup (DM 6655) can be used to disable detection of CYCLE TIME
OVER error.
3. The FALS 9F cycle monitoring time can be changed by means of the PC Set-
up (DM 6618).

Cycle Time Example In this example, the cycle time is calculated for a CQM1 with 80 I/O points. The
I/O is configured as follows:
DC inputs: 48 points (3 words)
Bit outputs: 32 points (2 words)
The rest of the operating conditions are assumed to be as follows:
User’s program:2,000 instructions (configured of LD and OUT instructions)
Clock: None
RS-232C port: Not used
Cycle time: Variable (no minimum set)

Note The average processing time for a single instruction in the user’s program is as-
sumed to be 0.625 µs.

The cycle times are as shown in the following table.

Process Calculation method Time with peripheral de- Time without peripheral
vice device
Overseeing Fixed 0.8 ms 0.8 ms
Program execution 0.625 × 2000 (µs) 1.25 ms 1.25 ms
Cycle time calculation Negligible 0 ms 0 ms
I/O refresh 0.01 × 3 + 0.005 × 2 (µs) 0.04 ms 0.04 ms
RS-232C port servicing Not used. 0 ms 0 ms
Peripheral port servicing Minimum time 0.34 ms 0 ms
Cycle time (1) + (2) + (3) + (4) + (5) + (6) 2.43 ms 2.09 ms

Note 1. The cycle time can be automatically read from the PC via a Peripheral De-
vice.
2. The maximum and current cycle time are stored in AR 26 and AR 27.
3. The cycle time can vary with actual operating conditions and will not neces-
sarily agree precisely with the calculated value.
4. The RS-232C and peripheral port service time will be 0.34 ms minimum,
87 ms maximum.

384
CQM1 Cycle Time and I/O Response Time Section 7-1

7-1-3 I/O Response Time

The following conditions are taken as examples for calculating the I/O response
times.
Input ON delay: 8 ms
Overseeing time: 1 ms
Instruction execution time: 14 ms
Output ON delay: 10 ms
Position of output instruction: Beginning of program
Communications ports: Not used.
Note The input ON delay for DC Input Units can be set in the PC Setup.

Minimum I/O Response Time The CQM1 responds most quickly when it receives an input signal just prior to
the input refresh phase of the cycle, as shown in the illustration below.

Input I/O refresh

point Input ON delay Overseeing, etc.
Input
bit
Cycle time
CPU
Instruction execution Instruction execution
processing
With direct output refresh Output ON With cyclic output refresh
delay

Output point

When cyclic output refreshing is used:

Minimum I/O response time = 8 + 15 + 10 = 33 ms
When direct output refreshing is used:
Minimum I/O response time = 8 + 1 + 10 = 19 ms
Maximum I/O Response Time The CQM1 takes longest to respond when it receives the input signal just after
the input refresh phase of the cycle, as shown in the illustration below. In that
case, a delay of approximately one cycle will occur.

Input I/O refresh

point Input ON delay Overseeing, etc.
Input
bit
Cycle time
CPU
Instruction execution Instruction execution Instruction execution
processing
With direct output refresh Output ON With cyclic output refresh
delay

Output point

385
CQM1 Cycle Time and I/O Response Time Section 7-1

When cyclic output refreshing is used:

Minimum I/O response time = 8 + 15 × 2 + 10 = 48 ms
When direct output refreshing is used:
Minimum I/O response time = 8 + 15 + 10 = 33 ms

7-1-4 One-to-one Link I/O Response Time

When two CQM1s are linked one-to-one, the I/O response time is the time re-
quired for an input executed at one of the CQM1s to be output to the other CQM1
by means of one-to-one link communications.
One-to-one link communications are carried out reciprocally between the mas-
ter and the slave. The respective transmission times are as shown below, de-
pending on the number of LR words used.
Number of words used Transmission time
64 words (LR 00 to LR 63) 39 ms
32 words (LR 00 to LR 31) 20 ms
16 words (LR 00 to LR 15) 10 ms

The minimum and maximum I/O response times are shown here, using as an
example the following instructions executed at the master and the slave. In this
example, communications proceed from the master to the slave.
Output (LR) Input Output
Input (LR)

The following conditions are taken as examples for calculating the I/O response
times.
Input ON delay: 8 ms
Master cycle time: 10 ms
Slave cycle time: 14 ms
Output ON delay: 10 ms
Direct output: Not used.
Number of LR words: 64
Note The input ON delay for DC Input Units can be set in the PC Setup.

Minimum I/O Response Time The CQM1 responds most quickly under the following circumstances:
1, 2, 3... 1. The CQM1 receives an input signal just prior to the input refresh phase of the
cycle.
2. The master to slave transmission begins immediately.

386
CQM1 Cycle Time and I/O Response Time Section 7-1

3. The slave executes communications servicing immediately after comple-

tion of communications.

Input I/O refresh

point Input ON delay Overseeing, communica-
tions, etc.
Master Input
bit
Cycle time

CPU Instruction Instruction

processing execution execution

One-to-one link Master to

communications Slave

CPU Instruction Instruction

processing execution execution
Slave
Output ON
delay

Output point

The minimum I/O response time is as follows:

Input ON delay: 8 ms
Master cycle time: 10 ms
Transmission time: 39 ms
Slave cycle time: 15 ms
+ Output ON delay: 10 ms
Minimum I/O response time: 82 ms

Maximum I/O Response Time The CQM1 takes the longest to respond under the following circumstances:

1, 2, 3... 1. The CQM1 receives an input signal just after the input refresh phase of the
cycle.
2. The master to slave transmission does not begin on time.
3. Communications are completed just after the slave executes communica-
tions servicing.

Input I/O refresh

point Input ON delay Overseeing, communica-
tions, etc.
Master Input
bit
Cycle time

CPU Instruction Instruction Instruction

processing execution execution execution

One-to-one link Master to Slave to Master to

communications Slave Master Slave

CPU Instruction Instruction Instruction

processing execution execution execution
Slave
Output ON
delay

Output point

387
CQM1 Cycle Time and I/O Response Time Section 7-1

The maximum I/O response time is as follows:

Input ON delay: 8 ms
Master cycle time: 10 ms × 2
Transmission time: 39 ms × 3
Slave cycle time: 15 ms × 2
+ Output ON delay: 10 ms
Maximum I/O response time: 185 ms

7-1-5 Interrupt Processing Time

Processing Time The table below shows the times involved from the generation of an interrupt sig-
nal until the interrupt processing routine is called, and from when the interrupt
processing routine is completed until returning to the original position.

Item Contents Time

Interrupt input ON delay This is the delay time from the time the interrupt input bit turns 50 µs
ON until the time that the interrupt is executed. This is unrelated
to other interrupts.
↓ (Interrupt condition realized.) (see note)
Standby until completion This is the time during which interrupts are waiting until proces- See below.
of interrupt-mask pro- sing has been completed. This situation occurs when a mask
cessing processes is executed. It is explained below in more detail.
↓
Change-to-interrupt pro- This is the time it takes to change processing to an interrupt. 40 µs
cessing
↓
Input refresh at time of This is the time required for input refresh when input refresh is set 10 µs per word
interrupt to be executed at the time the interrupt processing routine is
called. (Set in PC Setup, DM 6630 to DM 6638.)
↓ (Interrupt processing routine executed)
Return This is the time it takes, from execution of RET(93), to return to 40 µs
the processing that was interrupted.

Note 1. When high-speed counter 0 is used with a range comparison table, the tim-
ing of interrupt processing can be affected by the cycle time.
2. When high-speed counters 1 and 2 are used with range comparison tables
(in CQM1-43/44-EV1 CPU Units), the timing of interrupt processing can be
delayed up to 1 ms.
Mask Processing
Interrupts are masked during processing of the operations described below. Un-
til the processing is completed, any interrupts will remain masked for the indi-
cated times.
High-speed timers: The time shown below is required, depending on (a) the
number of timers used with TIMH(15) and (b) the number
of high-speed timers active at that time. (The number of
high-speed timers is set in the PC Setup, DM 6629. The
default setting is 16.)
0 ≤ Standby time ≤ 50 + 3 × (a + b) µs
Up to 50 µs can be required even when no high-speed tim-
ers are used.

388
CQM1 Cycle Time and I/O Response Time Section 7-1

Generation and clearing of non-fatal errors:

When a non-fatal error is generated and the error contents are
registered at the CQM1, or when an error is being cleared, in-
terrupts will be masked for a maximum of 100 µs until the pro-
cessing has been completed.
Online editing: Interrupts will be masked for a maximum of 1 second when on-
line editing is executed during operation.
Pulse output based on SPED(64) may also be affected by interrupt processing,
thus causing output timing to vary.

Example Calculation This example shows the interrupt response time (i.e., the time from when the
interrupt input turns ON until the start of the interrupt processing routine) when
input interrupts are used under the conditions shown below.
Number high-speed timers: 0 (No high-speed timers started)
Online edit: Not used
Input refresh at interrupt: No
Minimum Response Time
Interrupt input ON delay: 50 µs
Interrupt mask standby time: 0 µs
+ Change-to-interrupt processing: 40 µs
Minimum response time: 90 µs
Maximum Response Time
Interrupt input ON delay: 50 µs
Interrupt mask standby time: 50 µs
+ Change-to-interrupt processing: 40 µs
Minimum response time: 140 µs
In addition to the response time shown above, the time required for executing
the interrupt processing routine itself and a return time of 40 µs must also be ac-
counted for when returning to the process that was interrupted.
Be sure to allow for interrupt processing time when using interrupts in the pro-
gram.
Outputs from interrupt routines can be output immediately if direct output is
used. Direct output will be used for both the main program and the interrupt rou-
tines, and cannot be set separately.

7-1-6 CQM1 Instruction Execution Times

The following table lists the execution times for CQM1 instructions. The maxi-
mum and minimum execution times and the conditions which cause them are
given where relevant. When “word” is referred to in the Conditions column, it im-
plies the content of any word except for indirectly addressed DM words. Indirect-
ly addressed DM words, which create longer execution times when used, are
indicated by “DM.”
Execution times for most instructions depend on whether they are executed with
an ON or an OFF execution condition. Exceptions are the ladder diagram
instructions OUT and OUT NOT, which require the same time regardless of the
execution condition. The OFF execution time for an instruction can also vary de-
pending on the circumstances, i.e., whether it is in an interlocked program sec-
tion and the execution condition for IL is OFF, whether it is between JMP(04) and
JME(05) and the execution condition for JMP(04) is OFF, or whether it is reset by
an OFF execution condition. “RSET,” “IL,” and “JMP” are used to indicate these
three times.

389
CQM1 Cycle Time and I/O Response Time Section 7-1

Basic Instructions
Code Mnemonic ON execution Conditions (Top: min.; bottom: max.) OFF execution time (µs)
time (µs) RSET IL JMP
--- LD 0.5 Any ---
--- LD NOT ---
--- AND
--- AND NOT
--- OR
--- OR NOT
--- AND LD
--- OR LD
--- OUT 0.75 Without direct outputs or for operands other ---
--- OUT NOT than IR 10000 to IR 11515 when direct outputs
are used.
--- SET 1.25 Direct outputs ---
--- RSET 1.25 Direct outputs ---
--- TIM 1.5 Constant for SV 1.5 1.5 1.5
DM for SV 54.1 1.5 1.5
--- CNT 1.5 Constant for SV 1.5 1.5 1.5
DM for SV 51.6 1.5 1.5

Special Instructions
Code Mnemonic ON execution Conditions (Top: min.; bottom: max.) OFF execution time (µs)
time (µs)
00 NOP 0.5 Any 0.0
01 END 29 0.0
02 IL 12.3 10.9
03 ILC 11.3 11.3
04 JMP 18.3 11.9
05 JME 11.0 11.0
06 FAL 56.8 1.5
07 FALS 4.0 1.5
08 STEP 58.2 1.5
09 SNXT 25.0
10 SFT Shift IL JMP
44.2 With 1-word shift register 43.2 15.0 15.0
77.7 With 10-word shift register 68.5 15.0 15.0
415.2 With 100-word shift register 322.0 15.0 15.0
11 KEEP 0.75 Without direct outputs or for operands other
than IR 10000 to IR 11515 when direct outputs
are used.
1.25 Direct outputs using IR 10000 to IR 11515
12 CNTR Shift IL JMP
53.0 Constant for SV 33.1 20.7 20.7
79.6 DM for SV
13 DIFU 21.5 Any Reset IL JMP
21.0 20.8 17.8
14 DIFD 20.8 Any Reset IL JMP
20.8 20.6 17.6
15 TIMH Shift IL JMP
36.5 Constant for SV 54.7 53.0 27.7
36.5 DM for SV 81.0 79.6 27.7

390
CQM1 Cycle Time and I/O Response Time Section 7-1

Code Mnemonic ON execution Conditions (Top: min.; bottom: max.) OFF execution time (µs)
time (µs)
16 WSFT 44.7 With 1-word shift register 2.0
77.0 With 10-word shift register
2.25 ms With 1,024-word shift register using DM
13.05 ms With 6,144-word shift register using DM
20 CMP 26.7 When comparing a constant to a word 2.0
29.5 When comparing two words
77.3 When comparing two DM
21 MOV 23.5 When transferring a constant to a word 2.0
26.3 When moving from one word to another
72.7 When transferring DM to DM
22 MVN 23.7 When transferring a constant to a word 2.0
26.5 When moving from one word to another
72.6 When transferring DM to DM
23 BIN 50.4 When converting a word to a word 2.0
96.0 When converting DM to DM
24 BCD 47.7 When converting a word to a word 2.0
93.3 When converting DM to DM
25 ASL 24.0 When shifting a word 1.5
45.8 When shifting DM
26 ASR 24.0 When shifting a word 1.5
45.8 When shifting DM
27 ROL 24.7 When rotating a word 1.5
46.6 When rotating DM
28 ROR 24.7 When rotating a word 1.5
46.6 When rotating DM
29 COM 25.9 When inverting a word 1.5
48.3 When inverting DM
30 ADD 49.9 Constant + word → word 2.5
53.1 Word + word → word
122.1 DM + DM → DM
31 SUB 49.9 Constant – word → word 2.5
53.1 Word – word → word
122.1 DM – DM → DM
32 MUL 73.7 Constant word → word 2.5
77.0 Word word → word
144.5 DM DM → DM
33 DIV 72.2 Word ÷ constant → word 2.5
75.4 word ÷ word → word
143.0 DM ÷ DM → DM
34 ANDW 41.9 Constant Ɠ word → word 2.5
45.1 Word Ɠ word → word
114.1 DM Ɠ DM → DM
35 ORW 41.9 Constant V word → word 2.5
45.1 Word V word → word
114.1 DM V DM → DM
36 XORW 41.9 Constant V word → word 2.5
45.2 Word V word → word
114.1 DM V DM → DM

391
CQM1 Cycle Time and I/O Response Time Section 7-1

Code Mnemonic ON execution Conditions (Top: min.; bottom: max.) OFF execution time (µs)
time (µs)
37 XNRW 41.9 Constant V word → word 2.5
45.1 Word V word → word
114.1 DM V DM → DM
38 INC 27.8 When incrementing a word 1.5
50.1 When incrementing DM
39 DEC 28.4 When decrementing a word 1.5
50.8 When decrementing DM
40 STC 12.0 Any 1.0
41 CLC 12.0 1.0
45 TRSM 28.8 1.0
46 MSG 24.6 With message in words 1.5
48.4 With message in DM
50 ADB 53.4 Constant + word → word 2.5
56.6 Word + word → word
125.6 DM + DM → DM
51 SBB 53.4 Constant – word → word 2.5
56.6 Word – word → word
125.6 DM – DM → DM
52 MLB 45.7 Constant word → word 2.5
48.9 Word word → word
116.4 DM DM → DM
53 DVB 46.7 Word ÷ constant → word 2.5
49.9 Word ÷ word → word
117.4 DM ÷ DM → DM
54 ADDL 59.3 Word + word → word 2.5
128.9 DM + DM → DM
55 SUBL 59.3 Word – word → word 2.5
128.9 DM – DM → DM
56 MULL 204.5 Word word → word 2.5
271.2 DM DM → DM
57 DIVL 205.9 Word ÷ word → word 2.5
272.6 DM ÷ DM → DM
58 BINL 76.0 Word → word 2.0
120.6 DM → DM
59 BCDL 60.9 Word → word 2.0
105.6 DM → DM
70 XFER 72.9 When transferring a constant to a word 2.5
76.1 When transferring a word to a word
2.90 ms When transferring 1,024 words using DM
16.66 ms When transferring 6,144 words using DM
71 BSET 45.6 When setting a constant to 1 word 2.5
77.9 When setting word constant to 10 words
1.93 ms When setting DM to 1,024 words
10.95 ms When setting DM to 6,144 words
72 ROOT 63.9 Word calculation → word 2.0
110.8 DM calculation → DM
73 XCHG 40.9 Word → word 2.0
85.5 DM → DM

392
CQM1 Cycle Time and I/O Response Time Section 7-1

Code Mnemonic ON execution Conditions (Top: min.; bottom: max.) OFF execution time (µs)
time (µs)
74 SLD 41.1 Shifting 1 word 2.0
101.9 Shifting 10 word
5.49 ms Shifting 1024 words using DM
32.58 ms Shifting 6144 words using DM
75 SRD 41.1 Shifting 1 word 2.0
101.9 Shifting 10 word
5.49 ms Shifting 1,024 words using DM
32.57 ms Shifting 6,144 words using DM
76 MLPX 59.1 When decoding word to word 2.5
136.4 When decoding DM to DM
77 DMPX 45.1 When encoding word to word 2.5
120.6 When encoding DM to DM
78 SDEC 60.6 When decoding word to word 2.5
138.5 When decoding DM to DM
80 DIST 66.0 When setting a constant to a word + a word 2.5
69.3 When setting a word to a word + a word
144.3 When setting DM to DM +DM
101.0 When setting a constant to a stack
104.3 When setting a word to a stack
177.8 When setting DM to a stack via DM
81 COLL 65.1 When setting a constant + a word to a word 2.5
68.3 When setting a word + a word to a word
140.1 When setting DM + DM to DM
61.1 When setting a word + constant to FIFO stack
64.3 When setting a word + word to FIFO stack
137.6 When setting a DM + DM to
FIFO stack via DM
60.3 When setting a word + constant to LIFO stack
63.6 When setting a word + word to LIFO stack
136.8 When setting a DM + DM to
LIFO stack via DM
82 MOVB 46.4 When moving constant to word 2.5
54.9 When moving word to word
125.2 When moving DM to DM
83 MOVD 40.7 When moving constant to word 2.5
49.2 When moving word to word
119.4 When moving DM to DM
84 SFTR 57.4 Shifting 1 word 2.5
98.4 Shifting 10 word
2.26 ms Shifting 1,024 words using DM
12.90 ms Shifting 6,144 words using DM
85 TCMP 95.8 Comparing constant to word-set table 2.5
98.8 Comparing word to word-set table
169.0 Comparing DM to DM-set table
86 ASC 62.5 Word → word 2.5
144.3 DM → DM
91 SBS 41.4 Any 1.5
92 SBN --- ---
93 RET 39.0 1.5

393
CQM1 Cycle Time and I/O Response Time Section 7-1

Code Mnemonic ON execution Conditions (Top: min.; bottom: max.) OFF execution time (µs)
time (µs)
97 IORF 37.7 Refreshing IR 000 2.0
41.7 Refreshing one input word
46.9 Refreshing one output word
112.4 Refreshing 8 I/O words
99 MCRO 140.2 With word-set I/O operands 2.5
188.1 With DM-set I/O operands

Expansion Instructions
Code Mnemonic ON execution Conditions OFF execution
time (µs) time (µs)
17 ASFT 62.7 Shifting a word 2.5
96.7 Shifting 10 words
2.45 ms Shifting 1,024 words via DM
16.33 ms Shifting 6,144 words via DM
18 TKY 81.1 Word to word 2.5
131.8 DM to DM
19 MCMP 123.9 Comparing words 2.5
195.3 Comparing DM
47 RXD 123.1 Inputting 1 byte via word 2.5
847.3 Inputting 256 bytes via DM
48 TXD 105.1 Outputting 1 byte via word (RS-232C) 2.5
832.3 Outputting 256 bytes via DM (RS-232C)
86.3 Outputting 1 byte via word (host link)
141.9 Outputting 256 bytes via DM (host link)
60 CMPL 50.9 Comparing words 2.5
101.0 Comparing DM
61 INI High-speed counter 0 or pulse output from an output bit: 2.5
90.6 Starting comparison via word
114.4 Starting comparison via DM
72.1 Stopping comparison via word
83.0 Stopping comparison via DM
163.6 Changing PV via word
182.2 Changing PV via DM
56.4 Stopping pulse output via word
80.2 Stopping pulse output via DM
High-speed counters 1 and 2 or pulse output from ports 1 and 2:
296.8 Starting comparison via word
324.3 Starting comparison via DM
207.3 Stopping comparison via word
232.8 Stopping comparison via DM
468.3 Changing PV via word
487.8 Changing PV via DM
248.8 Stopping pulse output via word
269.8 Stopping pulse output via DM
Absolute high-speed counters 1 and 2:
296.3 Starting comparison via word
316.8 Starting comparison via DM
202.3 Stopping comparison via word
226.3 Stopping comparison via DM

394
CQM1 Cycle Time and I/O Response Time Section 7-1

Code Mnemonic ON execution Conditions OFF execution

time (µs) time (µs)
62 PRV High-speed counter 0 or pulse output from an output bit: 2.5
91.5 Designating output via word
117.4 Designating output via DM
High-speed counters 1 and 2 or pulse output from ports 1 and 2:
229.3 Designating output via word (reading status)
249.3 Designating output via DM (reading status)
229.8 Designating output via word
(reading range comparison results)
256.3 Designating output via DM
(reading range comparison results)
Absolute high-speed counters 1 and 2:
226.3 Designating output via word (reading status)
253.3 Designating output via DM (reading status)
227.8 Designating output via word
(reading range comparison results)
253.3 Designating output via DM
(reading range comparison results)

395
CQM1 Cycle Time and I/O Response Time Section 7-1

Code Mnemonic ON execution Conditions OFF execution

time (µs) time (µs)
63 CTBL High-speed counter 0 or pulse output from an output bit: 2.5
210.3 Target table with 1 target in words and start
233.8 Target table with 1 target in DM and start
1.31 ms Target table with 16 targets in words and start
1.33 ms Target table with 16 targets in DM and start
1.25 ms Range table in words and start
1.27 ms Range table in DM and start
170.8 Target table with 1 target in words
194.3 Target table with 1 target in DM
1.27 ms Target table with 16 targets in words
1.30 ms Target table with 16 targets in DM
1.09 ms Range table in words
1.11 ms Range table in DM
High-speed counters 1 and 2 or pulse output from ports 1 and 2:
692.8 Target table with 1 target in words and start
721.8 Target table with 1 target in DM and start
2.79/7.84 ms Target table with 16/48 targets in words and start
2.81/7.86 ms Target table with 16/48 targets in DM and start
2.26 ms Range table in words and start
2.27 ms Range table in DM and start
488.8 Target table with 1 target in words
517.8 Target table with 1 target in DM
2.57/7.67 ms Target table with 16/48 targets in words
2.61/7.72 ms Target table with 16/48 targets in DM
2.19 ms Range table in words
2.21 ms Range table in DM
Absolute high-speed counters 1 and 2:
600.8 Target table with 1 target in words and start
624.8 Target table with 1 target in DM and start
6.46 ms Target table with 48 targets in words and start
6.47 ms Target table with 48 targets in DM and start
1.47 ms Range table in words and start
1.50 ms Range table in DM and start
460.8 Target table with 1 target in words
484.8 Target table with 1 target in DM
6.02 ms Target table with 48 targets in words
6.03 ms Target table with 48 targets in DM
1.45 ms Range table in words
1.47 ms Range table in DM
64 SPED Pulse output from an output bit: 2.5
118.4 Frequency specified by constant
123.2 Frequency specified by word
146.8 Frequency specified by DM
Pulse output from ports 1 and 2:
302.3 Frequency specified by constant
310.3 Frequency specified by word
320.3 Frequency specified by DM

396
CQM1 Cycle Time and I/O Response Time Section 7-1

Code Mnemonic ON execution Conditions OFF execution

time (µs) time (µs)
65 PULS Pulse output from an output bit: 2.5
109.0 Number of pulses specified by word
137.8 Number of pulses specified by DM
Pulse output from ports 1 and 2:
337.3 Number of pulses specified by word
360.3 Number of pulses specified by DM
66 SCL 105.8 Word designation 2.5
180.5 DM designation
67 BCNT 88.4 Counting a word 2.5
49.32 ms Counting 6,656 words via DM
68 BCMP 140.0 Comparing constant, results to word 2.5
143.0 Comparing word, results to word
194.7 Comparing DM, results to DM
69 STIM 36.8 Word-set one-shot interrupt start 2.5
73.8 DM-set one-shot interrupt start
37.3 Word-set scheduled interrupt start
74.3 DM-set scheduled interrupt start
66.4 Word-set timer read
113.6 DM-set timer read
35.3 Word-set timer stop
35.6 DM-set timer stop
87 DSW 70.3 Word-set 4-digit CS output 2.5
70.3 Word-set 4-digit RD output
89.1 Word-set 4-digit data input
93.1 DM-set 4-digit CS output
93.1 DM-set 4-digit RD output
110.3 DM-set 4-digit data input
74.7 Word-set 8-digit CS output
75.1 Word-set 8-digit RD output
105.5 Word-set 8-digit data input
103.5 DM-set 8-digit CS output
103.9 DM-set 8-digit RD output
131.5 DM-set 8-digit data input
88 7SEG 78.7 4 digits, word designation 2.5
102.6 4 digits, DM designation
92.1 8 digits, word designation
117.2 8 digits, DM designation
89 INT 53.0 Set masks via word 2.5
80.8 Set masks via DM
49.9 Clear interrupts via word
73.2 Clear interrupts via DM
50.7 Read mask status via word
71.9 Read mask status via DM
64.8 Change counter SV via word
88.1 Change counter SV via DM
27.5 Mask all interrupts via word
27.5 Mask all interrupts via DM
28.5 Clear all interrupts via word
28.5 Clear all interrupts via DM

397
CQM1 Cycle Time and I/O Response Time Section 7-1

Code Mnemonic ON execution Conditions OFF execution

time (µs) time (µs)
HKY 71.5 Output word to word 2.5
100.3 Output DM to DM
81.5 Input word to word
109.5 Input DM to DM
FPD 171.6 Word designation, no message, execution 2.5
279.5 DM designation, message, execution
204.9 Word designation, no message, initial
312.0 DM designation, message, initial
SRCH 62.4 Searching word, results to word 2.5
2.64 ms Searching 1,024 word via DM, results to DM
15.11 ms Searching 6,144 word via DM, results to DM
MAX 56.1 Searching word, results to word 2.5
2.56 ms Searching 999 words via DM, results to DM
MIN 56.1 Searching word, results to word 2.5
2.56 ms Searching 999 words via DM, results to DM
APR 57.4 Computing sine 2.5
460.4 Linear approximation with 256-item table via DM designa-
tion
LINE 93.4 Word to word 2.5
166.5 DM toDM
COLM 115.1 Word to word 2.5
183.1 DM toDM
SEC 92.9 Word to word 2.5
146.2 DM toDM
HMS 94.9 Word to word 2.5
148.7 DM to DM
SUM 72.9 Adding one word, results to word 2.5
6.86 ms Adding 999 words via DM, results to DM
FCS 73.6 Computing one word, results to word 2.5
2.33 ms Computing 999 words via DM, results to DM
HEX 82.3 Word to word 2.5
154.3 DM toDM
AVG 73.7 One-cycle average for word 2.5
282.5 64-cycle average via DM
PWM 266.8 Duty ratio specified by constant 2.5
272.8 Duty ratio specified by word
293.8 Duty ratio specified by DM
PID 2.11 ms Word to word (initial execution) 2.5
2.30 ms DM toDM (initial execution)
607.7 Word to word (when sampling)
893.7 DM toDM (when sampling)
ADBL 75.4 Word + word → word 2.5
152.0 DM + DM → DM
SBBL 75.4 Word – word → word 2.5
152.0 DM – DM → DM
MBS 57.9 Constant × word → word 2.5
61.1 Word × word → word
135.0 DM × DM → DM

398
CQM1 Cycle Time and I/O Response Time Section 7-1

Code Mnemonic ON execution Conditions OFF execution

time (µs) time (µs)
DBS 28.3 Constant ÷ word → word 2.5
62.4 Word ÷ word → word
136.4 DM ÷ DM → DM
MBSL 94.0 Word × word → word 2.5
167.6 DM × DM → DM
DBSL 86.3 Word ÷ word → word 2.5
160.4 DM ÷ DM → DM
CPS 31.0 Comparing a constant and word 2.5
33.7 Comparing words
82.4 Comparing DM
CPSL 51.3 Comparing words 2.5
102.6 Comparing DM
NEG 41.3 Converting a constant → word 2.5
44.5 Converting a word → word
92.7 Converting DM → DM
NEGL 51.1 Converting a constant → words 2.5
103.2 Converting DM → DM
ZCP 38.2 Comparing a constant to a word range 2.5
44.7 Comparing a word to a word range
114.6 Comparing DM to a DM range
CPSL 77.7 Comparing words to a word range 2.5
151.4 Comparing DM to a DM range
XFRB 35.3 Transferring 1 bit between words with a constant for control 2.5
data
56.8 Transferring 1 bit between words with a word for control data
298.3 Transferring 255 bits between DM with DM for control
data
PLS2 821.7 Words for control words 2.5
849.0 DM for control words
ACC 547.3 Mode 0: Words for control words 2.5
577.0 Mode 0: DM for control words
392.8 Mode 1: Words for control words
424.0 Mode 1: DM for control words
404.8 Mode 2: Words for control words
430.3 Mode 2: DM for control words
259.5 Mode 3: Words for control words
418.3 Mode 3: DM for control words
SCL2 105.0 Word to word conversion, words for parameter words 2.5
179.8 DM to DM conversion, DM for parameter words
SCL3 112.0 Word to word conversion, words for parameter words 2.5
186.8 DM to DM conversion, DM for parameter words

399
CPM1/CPM1A Cycle Time and I/O Response Time Section 7-2

7-2 CPM1/CPM1A Cycle Time and I/O Response Time

7-2-1 The CPM1/CPM1A Cycle

The overall flow of CPM1/CPM1A operation is as shown in the following flow-
chart.

Power application

Initialization processes Initialization

Check hardware and

Program Memory.

No Check OK?
Overseeing
processes
Yes
Set error flags and Preset cycle time
activate indicators. monitoring time.

ALARM
(flashing) Execute user program.
ERROR or ALARM?
No Program
ERROR End of program?
execution
(lit)
Yes
Check cycle time set-
ting. Cycle
time
Minimum No
cycle time set?

Cycle time
Yes processing
Wait until minimum cycle
time expires.

Compute cycle time.

Refresh input bits and I/O refreshing

output terminals.

Service
Service peripheral port. peripheral
port.

Note Initialization processes include clearing the IR, SR, and AR areas, presetting
system timers, and checking I/O Units.

400
CPM1/CPM1A Cycle Time and I/O Response Time Section 7-2

7-2-2 CPM1/CPM1A Cycle Time

The processes involved in a single CPM1/CPM1A cycle are shown in the follow-
ing table, and their respective processing times are explained.

Process Content Time requirements

Overseeing Setting cycle watchdog timer, I/O bus check, UM 0.6 ms
check, clock refreshing, refreshing bits allocated to
new functions, etc.
Program execution User program is executed. Total time for executing instructions.
(Varies according to content of user’s
program.)
Cycle time calculation Standby until set time, when minimum cycle time is Almost instantaneous, except for
set in DM 6619 of PC Setup. standby processing.
Calculation of cycle time.
I/O refresh Input information is read to input bits. 10-point CPU : 0.06 ms
Output information (results of executing program) is 20-point CPU: 0.06 ms
written to output bits. 30-point CPU: 0.3 ms
Expansion I/O Unit 0.3 ms
Peripheral port servicing Devices connected to peripheral port serviced. 0.26 ms min., 5% or less of cycle
time up to 66 ms (see note)

Note The percentage of the cycle allocated to peripheral port servicing can be
changed in the PC Setup (DM 6617).

Cycle Time and Operations The effects of the cycle time on CPM1/CPM1A operations are as shown below.
When a long cycle time is affecting operation, either reduce the cycle time or im-
prove responsiveness with interrupt programs.

Cycle time Operation conditions

10 ms or longer TIMH(15) may be inaccurate when TC 004 through TC 127 are used (operation will be normal for
TC 000 through TC 003).
20 ms or longer Programming using the 0.02-second Clock Bit (SR 25401) may be inaccurate.
100 ms or longer TIM may be inaccurate. Programming using the 0.1-second Clock Bit (SR 25500) may be inaccu-
rate. A CYCLE TIME OVER error is generated (SR 25309 will turn ON). See note 1.
120 ms or longer The FALS 9F monitoring time SV is exceeded. A system error (FALS 9F) is generated, and opera-
tion stops. See note 2.
200 ms or longer Programming using the 0.2-second Clock Bit (SR 25501) may be inaccurate.

Note 1. The PC Setup (DM 6655) can be used to disable detection of CYCLE TIME
OVER error.

2. The cycle monitoring time can be changed in the PC Setup (DM 6618).

Cycle Time Example In this example, the cycle time is calculated for a CPM1/CPM1A CPU Unit with
20 I/O points (12 input points and 8 output points). The I/O is configured as fol-
lows:

Inputs: 1 word (00000 to 00011)

Outputs: 1 word (01000 to 01007)

The rest of the operating conditions are assumed to be as follows:

User’s program:500 instructions (consists of only LD and OUT)

Cycle time: Variable (no minimum set)

401
CPM1/CPM1A Cycle Time and I/O Response Time Section 7-2

The average processing time for a single instruction in the user’s program is as-
sumed to be 2.86 µs. The cycle times are as shown in the following table.

Process Calculation method Time with peripheral device Time without peripheral de-
vice
1. Overseeing Fixed 0.6 ms 0.6 ms
2. Program execution 2.86 × 500 (µs) 1.43 ms 1.43 ms
3. Cycle time calculation Negligible 0 ms 0 ms
4. I/O refresh 0.01 × 1 + 0.005 × 1 (µs) 0.06 ms 0.06 ms
5. Peripheral port servicing Minimum time 0.26 ms 0 ms
Cycle time (1) + (2) + (3) + (4) + (5) 2.35 ms 2.09 ms

7-2-3 I/O Response Time

Output
Input

The following conditions are taken as examples for calculating the I/O response
times.
Input ON delay: 8 ms (input time constant: default setting)
Overseeing time: 1 ms (includes I/O refresh for CPM1A)
Instruction execution time: 14 ms
Output ON delay: 10 ms
Peripheral port: Not used.

Minimum I/O Response Time The CPM1/CPM1A responds most quickly when it receives an input signal just
prior to I/O refreshing, as shown in the illustration below.

Input
point Input ON delay (8 ms)
Input
bit

I/O refreshing Program execution and other processes I/O refreshing

(15 ms)
Output ON delay (10 ms)
Output
point
Min. I/O response time = 8+15+10 = 33 ms

402
CPM1/CPM1A Cycle Time and I/O Response Time Section 7-2

Maximum I/O Response Time The CPM1/CPM1A takes longest to respond when it receives the input signal
just after the input refresh phase of the cycle, as shown in the illustration below.
In that case, a delay of approximately one cycle will occur.

Input
point Input ON delay (8 ms)
Input
bit

Program execution Program execution

I/O refreshing and other processes I/O refreshing and other processes I/O refreshing
(15 ms) (15 ms)
Output ON delay (10 ms)
Output
point
Max. I/O response time = 8+15 × 2+10 = 48 ms

7-2-4 One-to-one Link I/O Response Time

When two CPM1/CPM1As are linked one-to-one, the I/O response time is the
time required for an input executed at one of the CPM1/CPM1As to be output to
the other CPM1/CPM1A by means of one-to-one link communications.
The minimum and maximum I/O response times are shown here, using as an
example the following instructions executed at the master and the slave. In this
example, communications proceed from the master to the slave.

Master Slave

Output (LR) Input Output

Input (LR)

The following conditions are taken as examples for calculating the I/O response
times. In CPM1/CPM1A PCs, LR area words LR 00 to LR 15 are used in one-to-
one links and the transmission time is fixed at 12 ms.
Input ON delay: 8 ms (input time constant: default setting)
Master cycle time: 10 ms
Slave cycle time: 15 ms
Output ON delay: 10 ms
Peripheral port: Not used.

Minimum I/O Response Time The CPM1/CPM1A responds most quickly under the following circumstances:

1, 2, 3... 1. The CPM1/CPM1A receives an input signal just prior to the input refresh
phase of the cycle.
2. The Master’s communications servicing occurs just as the master-to-slave
transmission begins.

403
CPM1/CPM1A Cycle Time and I/O Response Time Section 7-2

3. The Slave’s communications servicing occurs just after the transmission is

completed.

Input I/O refresh

point Input ON delay (8 ms) Overseeing, communica-
tions, etc.
Input
Master bit

CPU Program
processing execution

Master’s cycle time (10 ms) Master to

Slave

Transmission time (12 ms)

CPU Program
processing execution
Output ON
Slave
Slave’s cycle time (15 ms) delay (10 ms)
Output
point
Min. I/O response time = 8+10+12+15+10 = 55 ms

Calculation formula = Input ON response time + Master’s cycle time + Slave’s

cycle time + Output ON response time

Maximum I/O Response Time The CPM1/CPM1A takes the longest to respond under the following circum-
stances:

1, 2, 3... 1. The CPM1/CPM1A receives an input signal just after the input refresh
phase of the cycle.
2. The Master’s communications servicing just misses the master-to-slave
transmission.
3. The transmission is completed just after the Slave’s communications servic-
ing ends.

I/O Maximum Response Time Input ON response time + Master’s cycle time x 2 + Transmission time x 3 + Out-
put ON response time

Input
I/O refresh
point
Input ON response time
Master Peripheral port servicing
Input
bit
CPU Program Program Program Program
execution execution execution execution
processing
Master #1 (Data transmission according to input point)
Trans- Trans-
Master to Slave mission Slave to Master mission Master to Slave Transmission time
time time

CPU Program Program Program Program

processing execution execution execution execution

Slave #1 Slave #2 Output OFF

Slave Slave #3 response time

Output
point
Maximum I/O response time = 8 + 10 x 2 + 12 x 3 + 15 x 3 + 10 = 119 (ms)

404
CPM1/CPM1A Cycle Time and I/O Response Time Section 7-2

7-2-5 Interrupt Processing Time

This section explains the processing times involved from the time an interrupt is
executed until the interrupt processing routine is called, and from the time an in-
terrupt processing routine is completed until returning to the initial location. This
explanation applies to input interrupts, interval timer interrupts, and high-speed
counter interrupts.
1, 2, 3... 1. Source of interrupt
2. Interrupt ON delay
3. Wait for completion of interrupt-mask processing
4. Change to interrupt processing
5. Interrupt routing (CPM1A only)
6. Return to initial location
The table below shows the times involved from the generation of an interrupt sig-
nal until the interrupt processing routine is called, and from when the interrupt
processing routine is completed until returning to the original position.
Item Contents Time
Interrupt ON delay This is the delay time from the time the interrupt input bit turns ON until the 100 µs
time that the interrupt is executed. This is unrelated to other interrupts.
Wait for completion of This is the time during which interrupts are waiting until processing has See below.
interrupt-mask processing been completed. This situation occurs when a mask processes is
executed. It is explained below in more detail.
Change to interrupt This is the time it takes to change processing to an interrupt. 30 µs
processing
Return This is the time it takes, from execution of RET(93), to return to the proces- 30 µs
sing that was interrupted.
Mask Processing
Interrupts are masked during processing of the operations described below. Un-
til the processing is completed, any interrupts will remain masked for the indi-
cated times.
Generation and clearing of non-fatal errors:
When a non-fatal error is generated and the error contents are registered at
the CPM1, or when an error is being cleared, interrupts will be masked for a
maximum of 100 µs until the processing has been completed.
Online editing:
Interrupts will be masked for a maximum of 600 ms (i.e.: editing DM 6144 to
DM 6655) when online editing is executed during operation. In addition, the
system processing may have to wait for a maximum of 170 µs during this
processing.
Example Calculation This example shows the interrupt response time (i.e., the time from when the
interrupt input turns ON until the start of the interrupt processing routine) when
input interrupts are used under the conditions shown below.
Minimum Response Time
Interrupt ON delay: 100 µs
Interrupt mask standby time: 0 µs
+ Change-to-interrupt processing: 30 µs
Minimum response time: 130 µs
Maximum Response Time
(Except for the Online Editing of DM 6144 to DM6655)
Interrupt ON delay: 100 µs
Interrupt mask standby time: 170 µs
+ Change-to-interrupt processing: 30 µs
Maximum response time: 300 µs

405
CPM1/CPM1A Cycle Time and I/O Response Time Section 7-2

In addition to the response time shown above, the time required for executing
the interrupt processing routine itself and a return time of 30 µs must also be ac-
counted for when returning to the process that was interrupted.

7-2-6 CPM1/CPM1A Instruction Execution Times

The following table lists the execution times for CPM1/CPM1A instructions.

Basic Instructions
Code Mnemonic ON execution Conditions (Top: min.; bottom: max.) OFF execution time (µs)
time (µs) RSET IL JMP
--- LD 1.72 Any ---
--- LD NOT
--- AND 1.32
--- AND NOT
--- OR
--- OR NOT
--- AND LD 0.72
--- OR LD
--- OUT 4.0
--- OUT NOT
--- SET 5.8
--- RSET 5.9
--- TIM 10.0 Constant for SV 16.2 16.0 6.4
DM for SV 31.4 31 6.4
--- CNT 12.5 Constant for SV 14.1 6.2 6.6
DM for SV 29.1 6.2 6.6

Special Instructions
Code Mnemonic ON execution Conditions (Top: min.; bottom: max.) OFF execution time (µs)
time (µs)
00 NOP 0.36 Any
01 END 10.8
02 IL 4.6 2.6
03 ILC 3.6 3.6
04 JMP 4.3 2.4
05 JME 4.7 4.7
06 FAL 38.5 5.5
07 FALS 5.0 5.4
08 STEP 14.9 11.1
09 SNXT 14.2 7.6
10 SFT Reset IL JMP
21.9 With 1-word shift register 19.7 2.6 2.6
34.1 With 10-word shift register 26.5 2.6 2.6
93.6 With 100-word shift register 60.1 2.6 2.6
11 KEEP 6.2 Any Reset IL JMP
6.1 3.1 3.1
12 CNTR Reset IL JMP
25.8 Constant for SV 16.8 12.2 12.2
41.2 DM for SV
13 DIFU 11.8 Any Shift IL JMP
10.1 12.2 12.2
14 DIFD 11.0 Any Shift IL JMP
10.0 9.9 2.3

406
CPM1/CPM1A Cycle Time and I/O Response Time Section 7-2

Code Mnemonic ON execution Conditions (Top: min.; bottom: max.) OFF execution time (µs)
time (µs)
15 TIMH Reset IL JMP
19.0 Regular execution, constant for SV 25.7 28.4 15.8
20.2 Interrupt execution, constant for SV
19.0 Regular execution, DM for SV 41.2 43.6 15.8
20.2 Interrupt execution, DM for SV
16 WSFT 29.2 With 1-word shift register 5.6
40.7 With 10-word shift register
1.42 ms With 1,024-word shift register using DM
17 ASFT 29.6 Shifting a word 5.6
50.2 Shifting 10 words
1.76 ms Shifting 1,023 words via DM
20 CMP 15.8 When comparing a constant to a word 5.6
17.2 When comparing two words
46.3 When comparing two DM
21 MOV 16.3 When transferring a constant to a word 5.6
17.7 When moving from one word to another
45.5 When transferring DM to DM
22 MVN 16.4 When transferring a constant to a word 5.6
17.5 When moving from one word to another
45.7 When transferring DM to DM
23 BIN 31.6 When converting a word to a word 5.6
45.7 When converting DM to DM
24 BCD 29.5 When converting a word to a word 5.6
57.3 When converting DM to DM
25 ASL 17.3 When shifting a word 5.5
31.3 When shifting DM
26 ASR 16.9 When shifting a word 5.5
31.1 When shifting DM
27 ROL 14.5 When rotating a word 5.5
28.5 When rotating DM
28 ROR 14.5 When rotating a word 5.5
28.5 When rotating DM
29 COM 18.1 When inverting a word 5.5
32.1 When inverting DM
30 ADD 29.5 Constant + word → word 5.6
30.9 Word + word → word
72.7 DM + DM → DM
31 SUB 29.3 Constant – word → word 5.6
30.5 Word – word → word
72.5 DM – DM → DM
32 MUL 49.1 Constant word → word 5.6
50.5 Word word → word
95.1 DM DM → DM
33 DIV 47.7 Word ÷ constant → word 5.6
50.9 word ÷ word → word
94.3 DM ÷ DM → DM

407
CPM1/CPM1A Cycle Time and I/O Response Time Section 7-2

Code Mnemonic ON execution Conditions (Top: min.; bottom: max.) OFF execution time (µs)
time (µs)
34 ANDW 27.1 Constant Ɠ word → word 5.6
28.7 Word Ɠ word → word
70.7 DM Ɠ DM → DM
35 ORW 27.1 Constant V word → word 5.6
28.7 Word V word → word
70.7 DM V DM → DM
36 XORW 27.1 Constant V word → word 5.6
28.7 Word V word → word
70.5 DM V DM → DM
37 XNRW 27.0 Constant V word → word 5.6
28.6 Word V word → word
70.5 DM V DM → DM
38 INC 17.9 When incrementing a word 5.5
31.9 When incrementing DM
39 DEC 18.3 When decrementing a word 5.5
32.3 When decrementing DM
40 STC 6.3 Any 5.5
41 CLC 6.3 5.5
46 MSG 21.5 With message in words 5.5
35.7 With message in DM
50 ADB 30.5 Constant + word → word 5.6
32.1 Word + word → word
73.9 DM + DM → DM
51 SBB 30.9 Constant – word → word 5.6
32.7 Word – word → word
74.5 DM – DM → DM
52 MLB 34.7 Constant word → word 5.6
36.3 Word word → word
80.7 DM DM → DM
53 DVB 35.1 Word ÷ constant → word 5.6
36.7 Word ÷ word → word
81.1 DM ÷ DM → DM
54 ADDL 48.9 Word + word → word 5.6
94.7 DM + DM → DM
55 SUBL 48.9 Word – word → word 5.6
94.7 DM – DM → DM
56 MULL 138.7 Word word → word 5.6
184.3 DM DM → DM
57 DIVL 136.7 Word ÷ word → word 5.6
181.3 DM ÷ DM → DM
60 CMPL 30.4 Comparing words 5.6
60.8 Comparing DM

408
CPM1/CPM1A Cycle Time and I/O Response Time Section 7-2

Code Mnemonic ON execution Conditions (Top: min.; bottom: max.) OFF execution time (µs)
time (µs)
61 INI 112.0 Starting comparison via word 5.6
126.0 Starting comparison via DM
48.0 Stopping comparison via word
48.0 Stopping comparison via DM
120.0 Changing PV via word
128.0 Changing PV via DM
46.0 Stopping pulse output via word
60.0 Stopping pulse output via DM
62 PRV 62.2 Designating output via word 5.6
78.0 Designating output via DM
63 CTBL 106.3 Target table with 1 target in words and start 5.6
120.3 Target table with 1 target in DM and start
775.5 Target table with 16 targets in words and start
799.5 Target table with 16 targets in DM and start
711.5 Range table in words and start
722.5 Range table in DM and start
91.9 Target table with 1 target in words
106.3 Target table with 1 target in DM
693.5 Target table with 16 targets in words
709.5 Target table with 16 targets in DM
607.5 Range table in words
621.5 Range table in DM
64 SPED 73.6 Specifying a constant 5.6
75.0 Specifying a word
88.8 Specifying DM 5.6
65 PULS 62.0 Specifying a word 5.6
78.0 Specifying DM
67 BCNT 52.6 Counting a word 5.6
4.08 ms Counting 6,656 words via DM
68 BCMP 79.6 Comparing constant, results to word 5.6
80.8 Comparing word, results to word
123.2 Comparing DM, results to DM
69 STIM 47.5 Word-set one-shot interrupt start 5.6
58.7 DM-set one-shot interrupt start
47.9 Word-set scheduled interrupt start
59.1 DM-set scheduled interrupt start
33.5 Word-set timer read
63.5 DM-set timer read
25.7 Word-set timer stop
54.1 DM-set timer stop
70 XFER 45.5 When transferring a constant to a word 5.6
47.1 When transferring a word to a word
1.78 ms When transferring 1,024 words using DM
71 BSET 28.1 When setting a constant to 1 word 5.6
38.3 When setting word constant to 10 words
1.12 ms When setting DM to 1,024 words
73 XCHG 30.5 Word → word 5.6
59.1 DM → DM

409
CPM1/CPM1A Cycle Time and I/O Response Time Section 7-2

Code Mnemonic ON execution Conditions (Top: min.; bottom: max.) OFF execution time (µs)
time (µs)
74 SLD 25.9 Shifting 1 word 5.6
51.7 Shifting 10 word
3.02 ms Shifting 1024 words using DM
75 SRD 25.9 Shifting 1 word 5.6
51.7 Shifting 10 word
3.02 ms Shifting 1,024 words using DM
76 MLPX 47.7 When decoding word to word 5.6
92.7 When decoding DM to DM
77 DMPX 59.5 When encoding word to word 5.6
95.5 When encoding DM to DM
78 SDEC 51.1 When decoding word to word 5.6
96.3 When decoding DM to DM
80 DIST 39.1 When setting a constant to a word + a word 5.6
40.9 When setting a word to a word + a word
84.7 When setting DM to DM +DM
63.4 When setting a constant to a stack
65.0 When setting a word to a stack
109.6 When setting DM to a stack via DM
81 COLL 42.6 When setting a constant + a word to a word 5.6
43.6 When setting a word + a word to a word
83.4 When setting DM + DM to DM
78.0 When setting a word + constant to FIFO stack
79.2 When setting a word + word to FIFO stack
1.76 ms When setting a DM + DM to
FIFO stack via DM
66.8 When setting a word + constant to LIFO stack
68.0 When setting a word + word to LIFO stack
112.0 When setting a DM + DM to
LIFO stack via DM
82 MOVB 32.5 When moving constant to word 5.6
37.5 When moving word to word
79.1 When moving DM to DM
83 MOVD 28.3 When moving constant to word 5.6
33.3 When moving word to word
75.5 When moving DM to DM
84 SFTR 39.3 Shifting 1 word 5.6
52.9 Shifting 10 word
1.42 ms Shifting 1,024 words using DM
85 TCMP 57.7 Comparing constant to word-set table 5.6
58.9 Comparing word to word-set table
101.9 Comparing DM to DM-set table
86 ASC 56.7 Word → word 5.6
103.9 DM → DM

410
CPM1/CPM1A Cycle Time and I/O Response Time Section 7-2

Code Mnemonic ON execution Conditions (Top: min.; bottom: max.) OFF execution time (µs)
time (µs)
89 INT 32.3 Set masks via word 5.6
46.3 Set masks via DM
29.1 Clear interrupts via word
43.1 Clear interrupts via DM
27.3 Read mask status via word
41.5 Read mask status via DM
29.7 Change counter SV via word
43.7 Change counter SV via DM
15.3 Mask all interrupts via word
15.3 Mask all interrupts via DM
15.9 Clear all interrupts via word
15.9 Clear all interrupts via DM
91 SBS 36.6 Any 5.5
92 SBN 1.7 1.7
93 RET 15.0 2.5
97 IORF 40.0 Refreshing IR 000 6.0
142.6 Refreshing one input word
135.4 Refreshing one output word
99 MCRO 74.0 With word-set I/O operands 5.6
116.4 With DM-set I/O operands

411
SRM1 Cycle Time and I/O Response Time Section 7-3

7-3 SRM1 Cycle Time and I/O Response Time

7-3-1 The SRM1 Cycle

The overall flow of SRM1 operation is as shown in the following flowchart.

Initialization

Overseeing
processes

CompoBus/S
end wait

Input re-
freshing

Program
execution

Cycle
time
Cycle time
processing

Output re-
freshing

RS-232C
servicing

Service
peripheral
port.

Note 1. The cycle time can be read using Peripheral Devices.

2. Cycle time maximum and current cycle time are stored in AR 14 and AR 15.
3. Change to processing will cause cycle times to change therefore the calcu-
lated values and actual values (for cycle time) will no always match.

412
SRM1 Cycle Time and I/O Response Time Section 7-3

7-3-2 SRM1 Cycle Time

The processes involved in a single SRM1 cycle are shown in the following table,
and their respective processing times are explained.
Process Content Time requirements
Overseeing Setting cycle watchdog timer, UM check, refreshing 0.18 ms
bits allocated to new functions, etc.
CompoBus/S end wait Waiting for CompoBus/S processing to finish CompoBus/S communications re-
sponse time – Overseeing time –
RS-232C port servicing time – periph-
eral port servicing time
Input refreshing Input information is read to input bits. 0.02 ms
Program execution User program is executed. Total time for executing instructions.
Refer to 7-3-6 SRM1 Instruction Execution Times. (Varies according to content of user’s
program.)
Cycle time calculation Standby until set time, when minimum cycle time is Almost instantaneous, except for
set in DM 6619 of PC Setup. standby processing.
Calculation of cycle time.
Output refreshing Output information (results of executing program) is 0.05 ms
written to output bits.
CompoBus/S communications are started.
RS-232C port servicing Devices connected to RS-232C port serviced. 5% or less of cycle time, but always
between 0.55 and 131 ms (Set in
DM 6616)
Peripheral port servicing Devices connected to peripheral port serviced. 5% or less of cycle time, but always
between 0.55 and 131 ms (Set in
DM 6617)

Minimum Cycle Time In SRM1 PCs, CompoBus/S communications are started after the output re-
fresh is completed. As a result, when the overseeing time plus the RS-232C port
servicing time plus the peripheral port servicing time is shorter than the Compo-
Bus/S communications response time, processing is placed on stand-by until
CompoBus/S communications are completed.
The minimum cycle time therefore is the the CompoBus/S communications re-
sponse time plus the program execution time plus the input refresh time plus the
output refresh time. The CompoBus/S communications response time depends
on the maximum number of nodes set, as follows:
Max. no. of nodes set CompoBus/S response time
32 0.8 ms
16 0.5 ms

Cycle Time and Operations The effects of the cycle time on SRM1 operations are as shown below. When a
long cycle time is affecting operation, either reduce the cycle time or improve
responsiveness with interrupt programs.
Cycle time Operation conditions
10 ms or longer TIMH(15) may be inaccurate when TC 004 through TC 127 are used (operation will be normal for
TC 000 through TC 003).
20 ms or longer Programming using the 0.02-second Clock Bit (SR 25401) may be inaccurate.
100 ms or longer TIM may be inaccurate. Programming using the 0.1-second Clock Bit (SR 25500) may be inaccu-
rate. A CYCLE TIME OVER error is generated (SR 25309 will turn ON). See note 1.
120 ms or longer The FALS 9F monitoring time SV is exceeded. A system error (FALS 9F) is generated, and opera-
tion stops. See note 2.
200 ms or longer Programming using the 0.2-second Clock Bit (SR 25501) may be inaccurate.
Note 1. The PC Setup (DM 6655) can be used to disable detection of CYCLE TIME
OVER error.
2. The cycle monitoring time can be changed in the PC Setup (DM 6618).

413
SRM1 Cycle Time and I/O Response Time Section 7-3

Cycle Time Example The following is an example of a cycle time calculation.

The operating conditions are assumed to be as follows:
User’s program:500 instructions (consists of only LD and OUT)
Cycle time: Variable (no minimum set)
RS-232C port: Not used.
Max. nodes: 32 (CompoBus/S communication response time = 0.8 ms)
Peripheral: 0.7 ms
The average processing time for a single instruction in the user’s program is as-
sumed to be 1.16 µs. The cycle times are as shown in the following table.
Process Calculation method Peripheral port used Peripheral port not used
1. Overseeing Fixed 0.18 ms 0.18 ms
2. CompoBus/S end wait See previous page. 0.00 ms 0.62 ms
3. Input refresh Fixed 0.02 ms 0.02 ms
4. Program execution 1.16 × 500 (µs) 0.8 ms 0.8 ms
5. Cycle time calculation Negligible 0.00 ms 0.00 ms
6. Output refresh 0.01 × 1 + 0.005 × 1 (µs) 0.05 ms 0.05 ms
7. RS-232C port servicing Not required 0.00 ms 0.00 ms
8. Peripheral port servicing 5% of cycle time 0.7 ms 0.00 ms
Cycle time (1) + (2) + (3) + ...+ (8) 1.75 ms 1.67 ms

Note 1. The cycle time can be read from the PC via a Peripheral Device.
2. The maximum and current cycle time are stored in AR 14 and AR 15.
3. The cycle time can vary with actual operating conditions and will not neces-
sarily agree precisely with the calculated value.
4. When the peripheral port is used, there is no CompoBus/S end wait time as it
is always 0 or less.
5. CompoBus/S end wait time = 0.8 – 0.18 – 0 – 0 = 0.62 (CompoBus/S com-
munication response time – Overseeing – RS-232C port servicing time –
peripheral port servicing time.

414
SRM1 Cycle Time and I/O Response Time Section 7-3

7-3-3 I/O Response Time

The I/O response time is the time it takes after an input signal has been received
(i.e., after an input bit has turned ON) for the PC to check and process the in-
formation and to output a control signal (i.e., to output the result of the proces-
sing to an output bit).
CompoBus/S communications are started when the SRM1 input refresh fi-
nishes. The ON/OFF status is read from the Input Terminals during the input re-
fresh and the ON/OFF status is output to the Output Terminal during the output
refresh. Accordingly, the SRM1 I/O response time varies according to the cycle
time and CompoBus/S communications cycle status or I/O timing.
Example calculations of the I/O response time are provided next.
Minimum I/O Response Time
Minimum I/O response time =
Input ON delay + Output ON delay + CompoBus/S communications cycle time +
SRM1 cycle time

Cycle time
SRM1 cycle

Communications CompoBus/S
response time cycle time

Input
delay
Input on Slave

Output
Output on Slave delay

Maximum I/O Response Time

Maximum I/O response time =
Input ON delay + Output ON delay + CompoBus/S communications cycle time +
SRM1 cycle time x 2

Cycle time
SRM1 cycle

Communications CompoBus/S
response time cycle time

Input
delay
Input on Slave

Output
Output on Slave delay

7-3-4 One-to-one Link I/O Response Time

When two SRM1s are linked one-to-one, the I/O response time is the time re-
quired for an input executed at one of the SRM1s to be output to the other SRM1
by means of one-to-one link communications.
Minimum I/O Response Time The SRM1 responds most quickly under the following circumstances:

415
SRM1 Cycle Time and I/O Response Time Section 7-3

1, 2, 3... 1. The SRM1 receives an input signal just prior to the I/O refresh phase of the
cycle.
2. The Master’s communications servicing occurs just as the master-to-slave
transmission begins.
3. The Slave’s communications servicing occurs just after the transmission is
completed.

Input I/O refresh

point Input ON delay (8 ms) Overseeing, communica-
tions, etc.
Input
bit

Program
execution

Master’s cycle time (10 ms) Master to

Slave

Transmission time (39 ms)

Program
execution
Output ON
Slave’s cycle time (15 ms) delay (10 ms)
Output
point
Min. I/O response time = 8+10+39+15+10 = 82 ms

Maximum I/O Response Time The SRM1 takes the longest to respond under the following circumstances:
1, 2, 3... 1. The SRM1 receives an input signal just after the I/O refresh phase of the
cycle.
2. The Master’s communications servicing just misses the master-to-slave
transmission.
3. The transmission is completed just after the Slave’s communications servic-
ing ends.

Input I/O refresh

point Input ON delay (8 ms) Overseeing, communica-
Input tions, etc.
bit

Program Program
execution execution

Master’s cycle time (10 ms)

Master to Slave to Master to
Slave Master Slave

Transmission time (39 ms × 3)

Program Program
execution execution
Output ON
Slave’s cycle time (15 ms) delay (10 ms)
Output
point

Max. I/O response time = 8 + 10 × 2 + 39 × 3 + 15× 2 + 10 = 185 ms

416
SRM1 Cycle Time and I/O Response Time Section 7-3

7-3-5 Interrupt Processing Time

417
SRM1 Cycle Time and I/O Response Time Section 7-3

7-3-6 SRM1 Instruction Execution Times

The following table lists the execution times for SRM1 instructions.

Basic Instructions
Code Mnemonic ON execution Conditions (Top: min.; bottom: max.) OFF execution time (µs)
time (µs) RSET IL JMP
--- LD 0.97 Any ---
--- LD NOT 0.97
--- AND 0.77
--- AND NOT
--- OR 0.78 Any ---
--- OR NOT
--- AND LD 0.39 Any ---
--- OR LD
--- OUT 2.2
--- OUT NOT
--- SET 2.7
--- RSET 2.8
--- TIM 5.7 Constant for SV 9.3 9.1 3.5
DM for SV 17.4 17.2 3.5
--- CNT 6.6 Constant for SV 8.0 3.6 3.8
DM for SV 16.3 3.6 3.8

Special Instructions and Expansion Instructions

Code Mnemonic ON execution Conditions (Top: min.; bottom: max.) OFF execution time (µs)
time (µs)
00 NOP 0.20 Any
01 END 4.8
02 IL 2.5 1.4
03 ILC 1.9 1.9
04 JMP 2.2 1.3
05 JME 2.5 2.5
06 FAL 18.4 2.9
07 FALS 3.6 2.9
08 STEP 10.7 9.0
09 SNXT 5.9 4.1
10 SFT 14.5 Reset IL JMP
With 1-word shift register 11.0 1.4 1.4
21.0 With 10-word shift register 14.9 1.4 1.4
49.1 With 100-word shift register 30.8 1.4 1.4
11 KEEP 3.0 Any Reset IL JMP
3.4 1.6 1.7
12 CNTR 14.8 Reset IL JMP
Constant for SV 9.1 6.6 6.5
23.2 DM for SV
13 DIFU 6.7 Any Shift IL JMP
5.8 5.2 1.3
14 DIFD 6.4 Any Shift IL JMP
5.8 5.7 1.3

418
SRM1 Cycle Time and I/O Response Time Section 7-3

Code Mnemonic ON execution Conditions (Top: min.; bottom: max.) OFF execution time (µs)
time (µs)
15 TIMH 10.3 Reset IL JMP
Regular execution, constant for SV 14.1 13.9 7.0
10.9 Interrupt execution, constant for SV 15.6 15.4 8.5
10.3 Regular execution, DM for SV 22.8 22.1 7.0
10.9 Interrupt execution, DM for SV 23.9 23.6 8.5
16 WSFT 16.2 With 1-word shift register 2.9
23.0 With 10-word shift register
712.3 With 1,024-word shift register using DM
17 ASFT* 18.6 Shifting a word 3.0
25.9 Shifting 10 words
865.7 Shifting 1,023 words via DM
20 CMP 9.1 When comparing a constant to a word 3.0
9.9 When comparing two words
25.6 When comparing two DM
21 MOV 9.1 When transferring a constant to a word 3.0
9.5 When moving from one word to another
24.9 When transferring DM to DM
22 MVN 9.3 When transferring a constant to a word 3.0
9.8 When moving from one word to another
25.1 When transferring DM to DM
23 BIN 17.2 When converting a word to a word 3.0
32.0 When converting DM to DM
24 BCD 15.8 When converting a word to a word 3.0
30.6 When converting DM to DM
25 ASL 9.9 When shifting a word 2.9
17.3 When shifting DM
26 ASR 9.7 When shifting a word 3.0
17.2 When shifting DM
27 ROL 8.5 When rotating a word 2.9
16.1 When rotating DM
28 ROR 8.5 When rotating a word 2.9
16.1 When rotating DM
29 COM 10.5 When inverting a word 3.0
17.7 When inverting DM
30 ADD 15.9 Constant + word → word 3.1
16.4 Word + word → word
39.5 DM + DM → DM
31 SUB 15.6 Constant – word → word 3.0
16.3 Word – word → word
38.6 DM – DM → DM
32 MUL 29.7 Constant word → word 3.0
28.5 Word word → word
51.6 DM DM → DM
33 DIV 27.2 Word ÷ constant → word 2.9
28.5 word ÷ word → word
53.1 DM ÷ DM → DM

419
SRM1 Cycle Time and I/O Response Time Section 7-3

Code Mnemonic ON execution Conditions (Top: min.; bottom: max.) OFF execution time (µs)
time (µs)
34 ANDW 14.3 Constant Ɠ word → word 2.9
15.2 Word Ɠ word → word
37.3 DM Ɠ DM → DM
35 ORW 14.3 Constant V word → word 2.9
15.2 Word V word → word
37.3 DM V DM → DM
36 XORW 14.3 Constant V word → word 2.9
15.2 Word V word → word
37.3 DM V DM → DM
37 XNRW 14.3 Constant V word → word 2.9
15.2 Word V word → word
37.3 DM V DM → DM
38 INC 9.9 When incrementing a word 2.9
17.3 When incrementing DM
39 DEC 10.2 When decrementing a word 2.9
17.4 When decrementing DM
40 STC 3.5 Any 2.9
41 CLC 3.0 2.9
46 MSG 11.3 With message in words 2.9
19.4 With message in DM
47 RXD* 39.1 Word specification, 1 byte input 2.9
116.8 DM specification, 256 bytes input
48 TXD* 31.3 Word specification, 1 byte input (RS-232C) 2.9
266.5 DM specification, 256 bytes input (RS-232C)
26.7 Word specification, 1 byte input (Host Link)
34.0 DM specification, 256 bytes input (Host Link)
50 ADB 16.8 Constant + word → word 3.0
17.6 Word + word → word
39.9 DM + DM → DM
51 SBB 17.0 Constant – word → word 3.0
17.8 Word – word → word
40.2 DM – DM → DM
52 MLB 19.1 Constant word → word 3.0
20.1 Word word → word
43.5 DM DM → DM
53 DVB 19.5 Word ÷ constant → word 3.0
20.4 Word ÷ word → word
43.7 DM ÷ DM → DM
54 ADDL 26.7 Word + word → word 3.0
49.9 DM + DM → DM
55 SUBL 26.8 Word – word → word 3.0
49.9 DM – DM → DM
56 MULL 81.4 Word word → word 3.0
106.2 DM DM → DM
57 DIVL 76.9 Word ÷ word → word 3.0
101.8 DM ÷ DM → DM
60 CMPL 16.9 Comparing words 2.9
32.9 Comparing DM

420
SRM1 Cycle Time and I/O Response Time Section 7-3

Code Mnemonic ON execution Conditions (Top: min.; bottom: max.) OFF execution time (µs)
time (µs)
67 BCNT* 26.9 Counting a word 3.0
2.29 ms Counting 6,656 words via DM
68 BCMP* 41.4 Comparing constant, results to word 3.0
41.9 Comparing word, results to word
64.5 Comparing DM, results to DM
69 STIM* 34.7 Word specification, one-shot timer start 3.0
49.5 DM specification, one-shot timer start
35.3 Word specification, scheduled interrupt start
50.0 DM specification, scheduled interrupt start
33.9 Words specification, timer read
49.5 DM specification timer read
11.4 Word specification, timer stop
70 XFER 22.9 When transferring a constant to a word 3.0
24.0 When transferring a word to a word
902.0 When transferring 1,024 words using DM
71 BSET 15.2 When setting a constant to 1 word 3.0
15.7 When setting word constant to 10 words
565.2 When setting DM to 1,024 words
73 XCHG 16.2 Word → word 3.1
31.5 DM → DM
74 SLD 13.6 Shifting 1 word 3.0
26.7 Shifting 10 word
1.54 ms Shifting 1024 words using DM
75 SRD 13.6 Shifting 1 word 3.0
26.6 Shifting 10 word
1.54 ms Shifting 1,024 words using DM
76 MLPX 25.5 When decoding word to word 3.0
48.9 When decoding DM to DM
77 DMPX 35.1 When encoding word to word 3.0
58.1 When encoding DM to DM
78 SDEC 26.8 When decoding word to word 2.9
49.9 When decoding DM to DM
80 DIST 21.3 When setting a constant to a word + a word 3.0
21.9 When setting a word to a word + a word
45.7 When setting DM to DM +DM
34.3 When setting a constant to a stack
35.3 When setting a word to a stack
59.3 When setting DM to a stack via DM
81 COLL 21.4 When setting a constant + a word to a word 3.0
21.8 When setting a word + a word to a word
44.9 When setting DM + DM to DM
34.0 When setting a word + constant to FIFO stack
33.9 When setting a word + word to FIFO stack
892.0 When setting a DM + DM to
FIFO stack via DM
35.4 When setting a word + constant to LIFO stack
36.1 When setting a word + word to LIFO stack
60.5 When setting a DM + DM to
LIFO stack via DM

421
SRM1 Cycle Time and I/O Response Time Section 7-3

Code Mnemonic ON execution Conditions (Top: min.; bottom: max.) OFF execution time (µs)
time (µs)
82 MOVB 18.2 When moving constant to word 3.0
19.0 When moving word to word
42.1 When moving DM to DM
83 MOVD 16.3 When moving constant to word 2.9
17.6 When moving word to word
39.9 When moving DM to DM
84 SFTR 21.0 Shifting 1 word 3.0
26.9 Shifting 10 word
718.5 Shifting 1,024 words using DM
85 TCMP 30.0 Comparing constant to word-set table 3.0
30.7 Comparing word to word-set table
53.1 Comparing DM to DM-set table
86 ASC 30.0 Word → word 3.0
53.7 DM → DM
91 SBS 13.2 Any 3.0
92 SBN --- 1.3
93 RET 7.8 1.3
99 MCRO 26.8 With word-set I/O operands 3.0
43.5 With DM-set I/O operands

Note Those instructions marked with an asterisk are expansion instructions.

Exchangeable Expansion Instructions

Code Mnemonic ON execution Conditions (Top: min.; bottom: max.) OFF execution time (µs)
time (µs)
--- HEX 43.6 DM → DM 3.0
73.5 DM → DM
--- FCS 23.4 Adding one word and outputting to word 3.0
643.7 Adding 999 words and outputting to DM
--- STUP 51.2 Transferring constant to word 3.0
58.2 Transferring word to word

422
SECTION 8
Troubleshooting
This section describes how to diagnose and correct the hardware and software errors that can occur during PC operation.

8-1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424

8-2 Programming Console Operation Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424
8-3 Programming Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
8-4 User-defined Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426
8-5 Operating Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427
8-5-1 Non-fatal Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427
8-5-2 Fatal Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429
8-5-3 Other Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430
8-6 Error Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430
8-7 Host Link Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432
8-8 Troubleshooting Flowcharts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434
8-8-1 CPM1 Flowcharts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434
8-8-2 CPM1A Flowcharts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434
8-8-3 SRM1 Flowcharts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434
8-8-4 CQM1 Flowcharts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434

423
Programming Console Operation Errors Section 8-2

8-1 Introduction
PC errors can be divided broadly into the following four categories:
1, 2, 3... 1. Program Input Errors
These errors occur when inputting a program or attempting an operation
used to prepare the PC for operation.
2. Programming Errors
These errors will occur when the program is checked using the Program
Check operation.
3. User-defined Errors
There are three instructions that the user can use to define his own errors or
messages. The instructions will be executed when a particular condition
(defined by the user) has occurred during operation.
4. Operating Errors
These errors occur after program execution has been started.
a) Non-fatal Operating Errors
PC operation and program execution will continue after one or more of
these errors have occurred.
b) Fatal Operating Errors
PC operation and program execution will stop and all outputs from the
PC will be turned OFF when any of these errors have occurred.
The PC’s indicators will indicate when a PC error has occurred and an error mes-
sage or code will be displayed on the Programming Console or host computer if
one is connected. The error code is also contained in SR 25300 to SR 25307.
For the most recent errors, both the type of error and time of occurrence will be
recorded in the PC’s error log area. Details are provided starting on page 430.
There are flags and other information provided in the SR and AR areas that can
be used in troubleshooting. Refer to Section 3 Memory Areas for lists of these.
Note In addition to the errors described above, communications errors can occur
when the PC is part of a Host Link System. Refer to page 432 for details.

8-2 Programming Console Operation Errors

The following error messages may appear when performing operations on the
Programming Console. Correct the error as indicated and continue with the op-
eration. The asterisks in the displays shown below will be replaced with numeric
data, normally an address, in the actual display. Refer to the Ladder Support
Software Operation Manual, SYSMAC Support Software Operation Manual: C-
series PCs, or Data Access Console Operation Manual for errors that may ap-
pear when operating the SSS or a Data Access Console.
Message Meaning and appropriate response
REPL ROM An attempt was made to write to write-protected memory.
In CQM1 PCs, set the write-protect switch (pin 1 of the CPU Unit’s
DIP switch) to OFF.
In CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1 PCs, set bits 00 to 03 of DM 6602 to “0.”
PROG OVER The instruction at the last address in memory is not NOP(00). Erase
all unnecessary instructions at the end of the program.
ADDR OVER An address was set that is larger than the highest memory address
in Program Memory. Input a smaller address.
SET DATA FALS 00 has been input, and “00” cannot be input. Reinput the
ERR data.
I/O NO. ERR A data area address has been designated that exceeds the limit of
the data area, e.g., an address is too large. Confirm the
requirements for the instruction and re-enter the address.

424
Programming Errors Section 8-3

8-3 Programming Errors

These errors in program syntax will be detected when the program is checked
using the Program Check operation.
Three levels of program checking are available. The desired level must be
designated to indicate the type of errors that are to be detected. The follow-
ing table provides the error types, displays, and explanations of all syntax
errors. Check level 0 checks for type A, B, and C errors; check level 1, for
type A and B errors; and check level 2, for type A errors only.
Level A Errors Message Meaning and appropriate response
????? The program has been damaged, creating a non-existent function
code. Re-enter the program.
CIRCUIT The number of logic blocks and logic block instructions does not
ERR agree, i.e., either LD or LD NOT has been used to start a logic
block whose execution condition has not been used by another
instruction, or a logic block instruction has been used that does not
have the required number of logic blocks. Check your program.
OPERAND A constant entered for the instruction is not within defined values.
ERR Change the constant so that it lies within the proper range.
NO END There is no END(01) in the program. Write END(01) at the final
INSTR address in the program.
LOCN ERR An instruction is in the wrong place in the program. Check
instruction requirements and correct the program.
JME A JME(04) instruction is missing for a JMP(05) instruction. Correct
UNDEFD the jump number or insert the proper JME(04) instruction.
DUPL The same jump number or subroutine number has been used twice.
Correct the program so that the same number is only used once for
each.
SBN The SBS(91) instruction has been programmed for a subroutine
UNDEFD number that does not exist. Correct the subroutine number or
program the required subroutine.
STEP ERR STEP(08) with a section number and STEP(08) without a section
number have been used incorrectly. Check STEP(08) programming
requirements and correct the program.

Level B Errors Message Meaning and appropriate response

IL-ILC ERR IL(02) and ILC(03) are not used in pairs. Correct the program so
that each IL(02) has a unique ILC(03). Although this error message
will appear if more than one IL(02) is used with the same ILC(03),
the program will be executed as written. Make sure your program is
written as desired before proceeding.
JMP-JME JMP(04) and JME(05) are not used in pairs. Make sure your
ERR program is written as desired before proceeding.
SBN-RET If the displayed address is that of SBN(92), two different
ERR subroutines have been defined with the same subroutine number.
Change one of the subroutine numbers or delete one of the
subroutines. If the displayed address is that of RET(93), RET(93)
has not been used properly. Check requirements for RET(93) and
correct the program.

425
User-defined Errors Section 8-4

Level C Errors Message Meaning and appropriate response

COIL DUPL The same bit is being controlled (i.e., turned ON and/or OFF) by
more than one instruction (e.g., OUT, OUT NOT, DIFU(13),
DIFD(14), KEEP(11), SFT(10)). Although this is allowed for certain
instructions, check instruction requirements to confirm that the
program is correct or rewrite the program so that each bit is
controlled by only one instruction.
JMP JME(05) has been used with no JMP(04) with the same jump
UNDEFD number. Add a JMP(04) with the same number or delete the
JME(05) that is not being used.
SBS A subroutine exists that is not called by SBS(91). Program a
UNDEFD subroutine call in the proper place, or delete the subroutine if it is
not required.

! Caution Expansion instructions (those assigned to function codes 17, 18, 19, 47, 48, 60
to 69, 87, 88, and 89) are not subject to program checks. Program checks also
do not cover DM 1024 to DM 6143 for PCs that do not support this part of the DM
area (e.g., CQM1-CPU11-E and CQM1-CPU21-E). Data will not be written even
if these areas are specified and data read from these areas will always be
“0000.”

8-4 User-defined Errors

There are four instructions that the user can use to define his own errors or mes-
sages. These instructions are used to send messages to the Programming Con-
sole connected to the PC, cause a non-fatal or a fatal error.
MESSAGE – MSG(46) MSG(46) is used to display a message on the Programming Console. The mes-
sage, which can be up to 16 characters long, is displayed when the instruction’s
execution condition is ON. Refer to page 317 for details.
FAILURE ALARM – FAL(06) FAL(06) is an instruction that causes a non-fatal error. Refer to page 205 for de-
tails. The following will occur when an FAL(06) instruction is executed:
1, 2, 3... 1. The ERR/ALM indicator on the CPU Unit will flash. PC operation will contin-
ue.
2. The instruction’s 2-digit BCD FAL number (01 to 99) will be written to
SR 25300 to SR 25307.
3. The FAL number will be recorded in the PC’s error log area. In CQM1 PCs,
the time of occurrence will also be recorded if a Memory Cassette with a
clock (RTC) is used.
The FAL numbers can be set arbitrarily to indicate particular conditions. The
same number cannot be used as both an FAL number and an FALS number.
To clear an FAL error, correct the cause of the error, execute FAL 00, and then
clear the error using the Programming Console.
SEVERE FAILURE ALARM – FALS(07) is an instruction that causes a fatal error. Refer to page 205 for details.
FALS(07) The following will occur when an FALS(07) instruction is executed:
1, 2, 3... 1. Program execution will be stopped and outputs will be turned OFF.
2. The ERR/ALM indicator on the CPU Unit will be lit.
3. The instruction’s 2-digit BCD FALS number (01 to 99) will be written to
SR 25300 to SR 25307.
4. The FALS number will be recorded in the PC’s error log area. In CQM1 PCs,
the time of occurrence will also be recorded if a Memory Cassette with a
clock (RTC) is used.

426
Operating Errors Section 8-5

The FALS numbers can be set arbitrarily to indicate particular conditions. The
same number cannot be used as both an FAL number and an FALS number.
To clear an FALS error, switch the PC to PROGRAM Mode, correct the cause of
the error, and then clear the error using the Programming Console.
FAILURE POINT DETECT – In CQM1 PCs, non-fatal errors and error messages can also be generated using
FPD(––) FPD(––). Refer to page 322 for details.

8-5 Operating Errors

There are two kinds of operating errors, non-fatal and fatal. PC operation will
continue after a non-fatal error occurs, but operation will be stopped if a fatal
error occurs.

! Caution Investigate all errors, whether fatal or not. Remove the cause of the error as
soon as possible and restart the PC. Refer to the CQM1 Operation Manual or
CPM1 Operation Manual for hardware information and Programming Console
operations related to errors. Refer to the SSS Operation Manual for SSS opera-
tions related to errors.

8-5-1 Non-fatal Errors

PC operation and program execution will continue after one or more of these er-
rors have occurred. Although PC operation will continue, the cause of the error
should be corrected and the error cleared as soon as possible.
When one of these errors occurs, the POWER and RUN indicators will remain lit
and the ERR/ALM indicator will flash.
CQM1 Non-fatal Errors
Message FAL No. Meaning and appropriate response
SYS FAIL FAL** 01 to 99 An FAL(06) instruction has been executed in the program. Check the FAL number to
(see note) determine conditions that would cause execution, correct the cause, and clear the
error.
9D An error has occurred during data transmission between the CPU Unit and Memory
Cassette. Check the status of flags AR 1412 to AR 1415, and correct as directed.
AR 1412 ON: Switch to PROGRAM Mode, clear the error, and transfer again.
AR 1413 ON: The transfer destination is write-protected.
If the PC is the destination, turn off the power to the PC, be sure that pin 1 of
the CPU Unit’s DIP switch is OFF, clear the error, and transfer again.
If an EEPROM Memory Cassette is the destination, check whether the power
supply is on, clear the error, and transfer again.
If an EPROM Memory Cassette is the destination, change to a writeable
Memory Cassette.
AR 1414 ON: The destination has insufficient capacity. Check the source’s program
size in AR 15 and consider using a different CPU Unit or Memory Cassette.
AR 1415 ON: There is no program in the Memory Cassette or the program contains
errors. Check the Memory Cassette.
9C An error has occurred in the pulse I/O function or in the absolute-type encoder
interface function. Check the contents of AR 0408 to AR 0415 (two digits BCD), and
correct as directed. (This error code applies only to CQM1-CPU43-EV1 and
CQM1-CPU44-EV1 CPU Units.)
01, 02: An error has occurred in the hardware. Turn the power off, and then power up
again. If the error persists, replace the CPU Unit.
03: The PC Setup (DM 6611, DM 6612, DM 6643, DM 6644) settings are incorrect.
Correct the settings.
04: CQM1 operation was interrupted during pulse output. Check to see whether the
Unit receiving the pulse output was affected.

427
Operating Errors Section 8-5

Message FAL No. Meaning and appropriate response

SYS FAIL FAL** 9B An error has been detected in the PC Setup. Check flags AR 2400 to AR 2402, and
(see note) correct as directed.
AR 2400 ON: An incorrect setting was detected in the PC Setup (DM 6600 to DM
6614) when power was turned on. Correct the settings in PROGRAM Mode and turn
on the power again.
AR 2401 ON: An incorrect setting was detected in the PC Setup (DM 6615 to DM
6644) when switching to RUN Mode. Correct the settings in PROGRAM Mode and
switch to RUN Mode again.
AR 2402 ON: An incorrect setting was detected in the PC Setup (DM 6645 to DM
6655) during operation. Correct the settings and clear the error.
SCAN TIME OVER F8 Watchdog timer has exceeded 100 ms. (SR 25309 will be ON.)
This indicates that the program cycle time is longer than recommended. Reduce cycle
time if possible.
BATT LOW F7 Backup battery is missing or its voltage has dropped. (SR 25308 will be ON.)
Check the battery and replace if necessary. Check the PC Setup (DM 6655) to see
whether a low battery will be detected.

Note ** is 01 to 99, 9D, 9C, or 9B.

Communication Errors
If an error occurs in communications through the peripheral port or RS-232C
port the corresponding indicator (COM1 or COM2) will stop flashing. Check the
connecting cables as well as the programs in the PC and host computer.
Reset the communications ports with the Port Reset Bits, SR 25208 and
SR 25209.
Output Inhibit
When the OUT INH indicator is lit, the Output Inhibit Bit (SR 25215) is ON and all
outputs from the CPU Unit will be turned off. If it is not necessary to have all out-
puts off, turn OFF SR 25215.

CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1 Non-fatal Errors

Message FAL No. Meaning and appropriate response
SYS FAIL FAL** 01 to 99 An FAL(06) instruction has been executed in the program. Check the FAL number to
(see note) determine conditions that would cause execution, correct the cause, and clear the
error.
9B An error has been detected in the PC Setup. Check flags AR 1300 to AR 1302, and
correct as directed.
AR 1300 ON: An incorrect setting was detected in the PC Setup (DM 6600 to DM
6614) when power was turned on. Correct the settings in PROGRAM Mode and turn
on the power again.
AR 1301 ON: An incorrect setting was detected in the PC Setup (DM 6615 to DM
6644) when switching to RUN Mode. Correct the settings in PROGRAM Mode and
switch to RUN Mode again.
AR 1302 ON: An incorrect setting was detected in the PC Setup (DM 6645 to DM
6655) during operation. Correct the settings and clear the error.
SCAN TIME OVER F8 Watchdog timer has exceeded 100 ms. (SR 25309 will be ON.)
This indicates that the program cycle time is longer than recommended. Reduce cycle
time if possible. (The CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1 can be set so that this error won’t be
detected.)
Communication None If an error occurs in communications through the peripheral port or RS-232C port, the
Errors (no message) COMM indicator will be off. The error flag in AR0812 will be ON. Check the connecting
cables and restart.

Note ** is 01 to 99 or 9B.

428
Operating Errors Section 8-5

8-5-2 Fatal Errors

PC operation and program execution will stop and all outputs from the PC will be
turned OFF when any of these errors have occurred.
All CPU Unit indicators will be OFF for the power interruption error. For all other
fatal operating errors, the POWER and ERR/ALM indicators will be lit. The RUN
indicator will be OFF.
CQM1 Fatal Errors
Message FALS Meaning and appropriate response
No.
Power interruption None Power has been interrupted for at least 10 ms. Check power supply voltage and power
(no message) lines. Try to power-up again.
MEMORY ERR F1 AR 1611 ON: A checksum error has occurred in the PC Setup (DM 6600 to DM 6655).
Initialize all of the PC Setup and reinput.
AR 1612 ON: A checksum error has occurred in the program, indicating an incorrect
instruction. Check the program and correct any errors detected.
AR 1613 ON: A checksum error has occurred in an expansion instruction’s data.
Initialize all of the expansion instruction settings and reinput.
AR 1614 ON: Memory Cassette was installed or removed with the power on. Turn the
power off, install the Memory Cassette, and turn the power on again.
AR 1615 ON: The Memory Cassette contents could not be read at start-up. Check
flags AR 1412 to AR 1415 to determine the problem, correct it, and turn on the power
again.
NO END INST F0 END(01) is not written anywhere in program. Write END(01) at the final address of the
program.
I/O BUS ERR C0 An error has occurred during data transfer between the CPU Unit and an I/O Unit.
Determine the location of the problem using flags AR 2408 to AR 2415, turn the power
off, check for loose I/O Units or end covers, and turn on the power again.
I/O UNIT OVER E1 The number of I/O words on the installed I/O Units exceeds the maximum. Turn off the
power, rearrange the system to reduce the number of I/O words, and turn on the
power again.
SYS FAIL FALS** 01 to 99 An FALS(07) instruction has been executed in the program. Check the FALS number
(see note) to determine the conditions that would cause execution, correct the cause, and clear
the error.
9F The cycle time has exceeded the FALS 9F Cycle Time Monitoring Time (DM 6618).
Check the cycle time and adjust the Cycle Time Monitoring Time if necessary.

Note ** is 01 to 99 or 9F.

CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1 Fatal Errors

Message FALS Meaning and appropriate response
No.
Power interruption None Power has been interrupted for at least 10 ms. Check power supply voltage and power
(no message) lines. Try to power-up again.
MEMORY ERR F1 AR 1308 ON: An unspecified bit area exists in the user program. Check the program
and correct errors.
AR 1309 ON: An error has occurred in the flash memory. Since the number of writings
to the flash memory has exceeded the specified level, replace the CPU Unit.
AR 1310 ON: A checksum error has occurred in read-only DM (DM 6144 to DM 6599).
Check and correct the settings in the read-only DM area.
AR 1311 ON: A checksum error has occurred in the PC Setup. Initialize all of the PC
Setup and reinput.
AR 1312 ON: A checksum error has occurred in the program. Check the program and
correct any errors detected.
AR 1314 ON: Power interruption hold area was not held. Clear the error and reset the
settings of the power interruption hold area.
AR 1315 ON: An error has occurred in CompoBus/S communications. If the error
cannot be corrected, replace the CPU Unit (SRM! only).
NO END INST F0 END(01) is not written in the program. Write END(01) at the end of the program.

429
Error Log Section 8-6

Message FALS Meaning and appropriate response

No.
I/O BUS ERR C0 An error has occurred during data transfer between the CPU Unit and I/O Unit. Check
(see note 1) the I/O Unit’s connecting cable.
I/O UNIT OVER E1 Too many I/O Units have been connected. Check the I/O Unit configuration.
(see note 1)
SYS FAIL FALS** 01 to 99 A FALS(07) instruction has been executed in the program. Check the FALS number to
(see note 2) determine the conditions that caused execution, correct the cause, and clear the error.
9F The cycle time has exceeded the FALS 9F Cycle Time Monitoring Time (DM 6618).
Check the cycle time and adjust the Cycle Time Monitoring Time if necessary.

Note 1. CPM1/CPM1A only.

2. ** is 01 to 99 or 9F.

8-5-3 Other Errors

The PWR indicator will be ON for the following errors. Ignore the status of other
indicators unless a specific status is given in the following table.

CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1 Fatal Errors

Error status FALS Meaning and appropriate response
No.
CompoBus/S None The ERC indicator will light to indicate an error in CompoBus/S communications.
communications Check the slaves and the transmission path and restart the system.
error
Peripheral/RS-232C None The COMM indicator will light and AR 0812 will turn ON to indicate an error between
port the peripheral or RS-232C port and the Peripheral Device.
communications
error

8-6 Error Log

The error log function registers the error code of any fatal or non-fatal error that
occurs in the PC. The date and time at which the error occurred are registered
along with the error code. Refer to page 427 for error codes.

CQM1 Error Log Area In CQM1 PCs, the error log is stored in DM 6569 through DM 6599.
If a Memory Cassette without a clock is mounted, the date and time will be all
zeros.

Shows the number of error information items (0 to 7) stored in the

DM6569 Error log pointer error log. “0” means that there are no items stored.
DM6570 Error log record 0 Each error log record is configured as follows:
DM6571 (3 words used.) 15 8 7 0
DM6572
Leading word Error classification Error code
Leading word + 1 Min Sec Each stored in
to Leading word + 2 Day Hour 2 digits BCD.

Error classification: 00: Nonfatal

80: Fatal
DM6597 Error log record 9
DM6598 (3 words used.)
DM6599

Error records will be stored even if pin 1 on the CQM1 DIP switch is turned ON to
protect DM 6144 to DM 6655.

430
Error Log Section 8-6

CPM1/CPM1A Error Log Area In CPM1/CPM1A PCs, the error log is stored in DM 1000 through DM 1021.

DM1000 Error log pointer The location for storing the next error record is shown. (0 to 6)
DM1001 Error log record 0 Each error log record is configured as follows:
DM1002 Bit 15 8 7 0
DM1003
Leading word Error classification Error code
Leading word + 1 00 00
to Leading word + 2 00 00
Error classification: 00: Nonfatal
80: Fatal
DM1019 Error log record 9
DM1020
DM1021

Error Log Storage Methods The error log storage method is set in the PC Setup (DM 6655). Set any of the
following methods.

1, 2, 3... 1. You can store the most recent 10 error log records and discard older re-
cords. This is achieved by shifting the records as shown below so that the
oldest record (record 0) is lost whenever a new record is generated.

Lost
Error log record 1
Error log record 2
All records shifted

Error log record 6

Error log record 7
New record added

2. You can store only the first 10 error log records, and ignore any subsequent
errors beyond those 10.
3. You can disable the log so that no records are stored.
The default setting is the first method. Refer to Error Log Settings on page 21 for
details on the PC Setup for the error log.

Clearing the Error Log To clear the entire error log, turn ON SR 25214 from a peripheral device. (After
the error log has been cleared, SR 25214 will turn OFF again automatically.)

SRM1 Error Log Area In SRM1 PCs, the error log is stored in DM 2000 through DM 2021.

DM2000 Error log pointer The location for storing the next error record is shown. (0 to 7)
DM2001 Error log record 0
DM2002 Each error log record is configured as follows:
DM2003 Bit 15 8 7 0
Leading word Error classification Error code
to Leading word + 1 00 00
Leading word + 2 00 00
Error classification: 00: Nonfatal
DM2019 Error log record 6 80: Fatal
DM2020
DM2021

431
Host Link Errors Section 8-7

Error Log Storage Methods The error log storage method is set in the PC Setup (DM 6655). Set any of the
following methods.
1, 2, 3... 1. You can store the most recent 7 error log records and discard older records.
This is achieved by shifting the records as shown below so that the oldest
record (record 0) is lost whenever a new record is generated.
Lost
Error log record 0
Error log record 1
All records shifted

Error log record 5

Error log record 6
New record added

2. You can store only the first 7 error log records, and ignore any subsequent
errors beyond those 7.
3. You can disable the log so that no records are stored.
The default setting is the first method. Refer to Error Log Settings on page 21 for
details on the PC Setup for the error log.
Clearing the Error Log To clear the entire error log, turn ON SR 25214 from a peripheral device. (After
the error log has been cleared, SR 25214 will turn OFF again automatically.)

8-7 Host Link Errors

These error codes are received as the response code (end code) when a com-
mand received by the PC from a host computer cannot be processed. The error
code format is as shown below.

@ X X X X X X X X ↵

Node no. Header code End code FCS Terminator

The header code will vary according to the command. Some commands (com-
posite commands) contain a subcode.

432
Host Link Errors Section 8-7

End Contents Probable cause Corrective measures

code
00 Normal completion --- ---
01 Not executable in RUN mode The command that was sent cannot Check the relation between the com-
be executed when the PC is in RUN mand and the PC mode.
mode.
02 Not executable in MONITOR The command that was sent cannot
mode be executed when the PC is in MON-
ITOR mode.
04 Address over The user program area’s highest ad- Check the program.
(CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1 PCs) dress was exceeded.
0B Not executable in PROGRAM The command that was sent cannot This code is not presently being used.
mode be executed when the PC is in PRO-
GRAM mode.
13 FCS error The FCS is wrong. Either the FCS cal- Check the FCS calculation method. If
culation is mistaken or there is ad- there was influence from noise, trans-
verse influence from noise. fer the command again.
14 Format error The command format is wrong. Check the format and transfer the
command again.
15 Entry number data error The areas for reading and writing are Correct the areas and transfer the
wrong. command again.
16 Command not supported The specified command does not exist Check the address and instruction.
in the specified address.
(Reading the SV, etc.)
18 Frame length error The maximum frame length was ex- Divide the command into multiple
ceeded. frames.
19 Not executable Items to read not registered for com- Execute QQ to register items to read
posite command (QQ). before attempting batch read.
23 User memory write-protected CQM1 PCs: Pin 1 on the CQM1 DIP CQM1 PCs: Turn OFF pin 1.
switch is ON. CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1 PCs: Change
CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1 PCs: The the setting in the PC Setup (DM 6602).
memory is write-protected in the PC
Setup.
A3 Aborted due to FCS error in The error was generated while a com- Check for corrupted frames, correct if
transmit data mand extending over more than one necessary, and try the transfer again.
A4 Aborted due to format error in frame was being executed.
transmit data Note: The data up to that point has
A5 Aborted due to entry number already been written to the appropriate
data error in transmit data area of the CPU Unit.
A8 Aborted due to frame length
error in transmit data
Other --- Influence from noise was received. Transfer the command again.

Power Interruptions The following responses may be received from the CQM1 if a power interruption
occurs, including momentary interruptions. If any of these responses are re-
ceived during or after a power interruption, repeat the command.
Undefined Command Response
@00IC4A*↵
No Response
If no response is received, abort the last command and resend.

433
Troubleshooting Flowcharts Section 8-8

8-8 Troubleshooting Flowcharts

8-8-1 CPM1 Flowcharts

Refer to 5-6 Troubleshooting Flowcharts in the CPM1 Operation Manual.

8-8-2 CPM1A Flowcharts

Refer to 5-6 Troubleshooting Flowcharts in the CPM1A Operation Manual.

8-8-3 SRM1 Flowcharts

Refer to 5-6 Troubleshooting Flowcharts in the SRM1 Operation Manual.

8-8-4 CQM1 Flowcharts

Use the following flowcharts to troubleshoot errors that occur during CQM1 op-
eration.

Main Check

Error

Power indicator lit? Not lit

Check power supply. (See page 435.)

Lit

Not lit
RUN indicator lit? Check for fatal errors. (See page 436.)

Lit

ERR/ALM indicator Flashing

flashing? Check for non-fatal errors. (See page 437.)

Not lit

Is I/O sequence Not normal

normal? Check I/O. (See page 438.)

Normal

Operating Not normal

environment nor- Check operating environment. (See page 440.)
mal?
Normal

Replace the CPU

Unit.

Note Always turn off the power to the PC before replacing Units, batteries, wiring, or
cables.

434
Troubleshooting Flowcharts Section 8-8

Power Supply Check

Power indicator not lit.

Is power being No Connect power

supplied? supply.

Yes

Not lit Lit

Is Power indicator lit?

No Set supply voltage with-

Is voltage adequate?
(See note.) in acceptable limits.

Yes

No Is Power indicator lit? Yes

Are there any loose Yes Tighten screws or

terminal screws or bro- replace wires.
ken wires?
No
Not lit Lit
Is Power indicator lit?

Replace the Power End

Supply Unit.

Note The allowable voltage ranges for the CQM1 are as shown below.
CQM1-PA203/PA206: 85 to 264 VAC
CQM1-PD026: 20 to 28 VDC

435
Troubleshooting Flowcharts Section 8-8

Fatal Error Check The following flowchart can be used to troubleshoot fatal errors that occur while
the Power indicator is lit.

RUN indicator not lit.

No
Is the ERR/ALM
indicator lit?
Yes
Yes
Determine the cause No
Is PC mode displayed
of the error with a on Peripheral Device?
Peripheral Device.

Is PC mode displayed No
Correct the power
on Peripheral Device?
supply.

Yes

Is a fatal error Yes

displayed? Identify the error, eliminate
its cause, and clear the er-
ror.
No

Switch to RUN or
MONITOR mode.

Is the RUN indi- No

cator lit?

Yes

End Replace the CPU

Unit.

436
Troubleshooting Flowcharts Section 8-8

Non-fatal Error Check Although the PC will continue operating during non-fatal errors, the cause of the
error should be determined and removed as quickly as possible to ensure prop-
er operation. It may to necessary to stop PC operation to remove certain non-fa-
tal errors.

ERR/ALM indicator flashing.

Determine the cause of the error

with a Peripheral Device.

Yes Identify the error (See page 427.),

Is a non-fatal error in-
dicated? eliminate its cause, and clear the
No error.

Flashing
Is the ERR/ALM indi-
cator flashing?

Not lit

End
Replace the CPU
Unit.

437
Troubleshooting Flowcharts Section 8-8

I/O Check The I/O check flowchart is based on the following ladder diagram section.
(LS1) (LS2)
00002 00003
10500 SOL1

10500
SOL1 malfunction.

Start

(See note)

Is the IR 10500 out- No

put indicator operat-
ing normally?
Yes

Check the voltage at the Wire correctly. Replace terminal Monitor the ON/OFF
IR 10500 terminals. connector. status of IR 10500
with a Peripheral
Device.

No No

No Is terminal Yes No
Operation Is output wiring block making prop- Operation
O.K.? correct? er contact? O.K.? A
To
Yes Yes next
Yes page

Disconnect the external wires

and check the conductivity of
each wire.

Yes Operation No
O.K.?

Check output device Replace the Output

SOL1. Unit.

Note The CPM1 PC doesn’t have the IR 10500 output indicator. Substitute with one
from IR 01000 to IR 01915.

438
Troubleshooting Flowcharts Section 8-8

No
Are the IR 00002
and IR 00003 input indi-
cators operating
A normally?
From
previous Yes
page

Check the voltage at Check the voltage at

the IR 00002 and IR Yes
the IR 00002 and IR Are the terminal
00003 terminals. 00003 terminals. screws loose?

Operation
No O.K.? Is terminal Yes
Yes block making proper
Operation
O.K.? No contact?

Yes No

No Yes
Is input wiring
correct?

Check operation by using a No

dummy input signal to turn the
input ON and OFF.

Wire correctly. Tighten the terminal Replace terminal

screws connector.
No
Operation
O.K.?

Yes

Replace the Input Return to “start.” Replace the Output

Check input devices Unit.
Unit. LS1 and LS2.

439
Troubleshooting Flowcharts Section 8-8

Environmental Conditions Check

Environmental conditions check

Is the ambient No Consider using a

temperature fan or cooler.
below 55°C?
Yes

Is the ambient No Consider using a

temperature above heater.
0°C?
Yes

Is the ambient humidity No Consider using an

between 10% and air conditioner.
90%?
Yes
Install surge pro-
No tectors or other
Is noise being
controlled? noise-reducing
equipment at
noise sources.
Yes

Consider
Is the installation envi- No constructing an
ronment okay? instrument panel
or cabinet.
Yes

End.

440
Appendix A
Programming Instructions

A PC instruction is input either by pressing the corresponding Programming Console key(s) (e.g., LD, AND, OR,
NOT) or by using function codes. To input an instruction with its function code, press FUN, the function code, and
then WRITE. Refer to the pages listed programming and instruction details.
Code Mnemonic Name Function Page
— AND AND Logically ANDs status of designated bit with execution condi- 196
tion.
— AND LD AND LOAD Logically ANDs results of preceding blocks. 197
— AND NOT AND NOT Logically ANDs inverse of designated bit with execution 196
condition.
— CNT COUNTER A decrementing counter. 210
— LD LOAD Used to start instruction line with the status of the designated 196
bit or to define a logic block for use with AND LD and OR LD.
— LD NOT LOAD NOT Used to start instruction line with inverse of designated bit. 196
— OR OR Logically ORs status of designated bit with execution condi- 196
tion.
— OR LD OR LOAD Logically ORs results of preceding blocks. 197
— OR NOT OR NOT Logically ORs inverse of designated bit with execution condi- 196
tion.
— OUT OUTPUT Turns ON operand bit for ON execution condition; turns OFF 197
operand bit for OFF execution condition.
— OUT NOT OUTPUT NOT Turns operand bit OFF for ON execution condition; turns op- 197
erand bit ON for OFF execution condition (i.e., inverts opera-
tion).
— RSET RESET Turns the operand bit OFF when the execution condition is 198
ON, and does not affect the status of the operand bit when
the execution condition is OFF.
— SET SET Turns the operand bit ON when the execution condition is 198
ON, and does not affect the status of the operand bit when
the execution condition is OFF.
— TIM TIMER ON-delay (decrementing) timer operation. 209
00 NOP NO OPERATION Nothing is executed and program moves to next instruction. 201
01 END END Required at the end of the program. 201
02 IL INTERLOCK If interlock condition is OFF, all outputs are turned OFF and 201
all timer PVs reset between this IL(02) and the next ILC(03).
03 ILC INTERLOCK CLEAR Other instructions are treated as NOP; counter PVs are 201
maintained.
04 JMP JUMP If jump condition is OFF, all instructions between JMP(04) 203
and the corresponding JME(05) are ignored.
05 JME JUMP END 203
06 (@)FAL FAILURE ALARM AND Generates a non-fatal error and outputs the designated FAL 205
RESET number to the Programming Console.
07 FALS SEVERE FAILURE Generates a fatal error and outputs the designated FALS 205
ALARM number to the Programming Console.
08 STEP STEP DEFINE When used with a control bit, defines the start of a new step 206
and resets the previous step. When used without N, defines
the end of step execution.
09 SNXT STEP START Used with a control bit to indicate the end of the step, reset 206
the step, and start the next step.
10 SFT SHIFT REGISTER Creates a bit shift register. 224
11 KEEP KEEP Defines a bit as a latch controlled by set and reset inputs. 199
12 CNTR REVERSIBLE Increases or decreases PV by one whenever the increment 211
COUNTER input or decrement input signals, respectively, go from OFF
to ON.
13 DIFU DIFFERENTIATE UP Turns ON the designated bit for one cycle on the rising edge 200
of the input signal.

441
Programming Instructions Appendix A

Code Mnemonic Name Function Page

14 DIFD DIFFERENTIATE Turns ON the bit for one cycle on the trailing edge. 200
DOWN
15 TIMH HIGH-SPEED TIMER A high-speed, ON-delay (decrementing) timer. 212
16 (@)WSFT WORD SHIFT Shifts data between starting and ending words in word units, 225
writing zeros into starting word.
17 to 19 For expansion instructions. 116
20 CMP COMPARE Compares the contents of two words and outputs result to 242
GR, EQ, and LE Flags.
21 (@)MOV MOVE Copies source data (word or constant) to destination word. 232
22 (@)MVN MOVE NOT Inverts source data (word or constant) and then copies it to 232
destination word.
23 (@)BIN BCD TO BINARY Converts four-digit, BCD data in source word into 16-bit 252
binary data, and outputs converted data to result word.
24 (@)BCD BINARY TO BCD Converts binary data in source word into BCD, and outputs 253
converted data to result word.
25 (@)ASL ARITHMETIC SHIFT Shifts each bit in single word of data one bit to left, with CY. 225
LEFT
26 (@)ASR ARITHMETIC SHIFT Shifts each bit in single word of data one bit to right, with CY. 226
RIGHT
27 (@)ROL ROTATE LEFT Rotates bits in single word of data one bit to left, with CY. 226
28 (@)ROR ROTATE RIGHT Rotates bits in single word of data one bit to right, with CY. 227
29 (@)COM COMPLEMENT Inverts bit status of one word of data. 308
30 (@)ADD BCD ADD Adds two four-digit BCD values and content of CY, and out- 278
puts result to specified result word.
31 (@)SUB BCD SUBTRACT Subtracts a four-digit BCD value and CY from another four- 279
digit BCD value and outputs result to the result word.
32 (@)MUL BCD MULTIPLY Multiplies two four-digit BCD values and outputs result to 281
specified result words.
33 (@)DIV BCD DIVIDE Divides four-digit BCD dividend by four-digit BCD divisor and 282
outputs result to specified result words.
34 (@)ANDW LOGICAL AND Logically ANDs two 16-bit input words and sets correspond- 309
ing bit in result word if corresponding bits in input words are
both ON.
35 (@)ORW LOGICAL OR Logically ORs two 16-bit input words and sets corresponding 309
bit in result word if one or both of corresponding bits in input
data are ON.
36 (@)XORW EXCLUSIVE OR Exclusively ORs two 16-bit input words and sets bit in result 310
word when corresponding bits in input words differ in status.
37 (@)XNRW EXCLUSIVE NOR Exclusively NORs two 16-bit input words and sets bit in result 311
word when corresponding bits in input words are same in
status.
38 (@)INC BCD INCREMENT Increments four-digit BCD word by one. 311
39 (@)DEC BCD DECREMENT Decrements four-digit BCD word by one. 312
40 (@)STC SET CARRY Sets carry flag (i.e., turns CY ON). 278
41 (@)CLC CLEAR CARRY Clears carry flag (i.e, turns CY OFF). 278
45 TRSM TRACE MEMORY Initiates data tracing. 315
SAMPLE Cannot be used with CQM1-CPU11/21-E/CPM1/CPM1A
/SRM1.
46 (@)MSG MESSAGE Displays a 16-character message on the Programming Con- 317
sole display.
47 & 48 For expansion instructions. 116
50 (@)ADB BINARY ADD Adds two four-digit hexadecimal values and content of CY, 289
and outputs result to specified result word.
51 (@)SBB BINARY SUBTRACT Subtracts a four-digit hexadecimal value and CY from anoth- 290
er four-digit hexadecimal value and outputs result to the re-
sult word.
52 (@)MLB BINARY MULTIPLY Multiplies two four-digit hexadecimal values and outputs re- 291
sult to specified result words.

442
Programming Instructions Appendix A

Code Mnemonic Name Function Page

53 (@)DVB BINARY DIVIDE Divides four-digit hexadecimal dividend by four-digit hexade- 292
cimal divisor and outputs result to specified result words.
54 (@)ADDL DOUBLE BCD ADD Adds two eight-digit values (2 words each) and content of CY, 284
and outputs result to specified result words.
55 (@)SUBL DOUBLE BCD Subtracts an eight-digit BCD value and CY from another 285
SUBTRACT eight-digit BCD value and outputs result to the result words.
56 (@)MULL DOUBLE BCD Multiplies two eight-digit BCD values and outputs result to 286
MULTIPLY specified result words.
57 (@)DIVL DOUBLE BCD DIVIDE Divides eight-digit BCD dividend by eight-digit BCD divisor 287
and outputs result to specified result words.
58 (@)BINL DOUBLE BCD TO Converts BCD value in two consecutive source words into 254
DOUBLE BINARY binary and outputs converted data to two consecutive result
words. (CQM1 only)
59 (@)BCDL DOUBLE BINARY TO Converts binary value in two consecutive source words into 254
DOUBLE BCD BCD and outputs converted data to two consecutive result
words. (CQM1 only)
60 to 69 For expansion instructions. 116
70 (@)XFER BLOCK TRANSFER Moves content of several consecutive source words to con- 233
secutive destination words.
71 (@)BSET BLOCK SET Copies content of one word or constant to several consecu- 234
tive words.
72 (@)ROOT SQUARE ROOT Computes square root of eight-digit BCD value and outputs 288
truncated four-digit integer result to specified result word.
(CQM1 only)
73 (@)XCHG DATA EXCHANGE Exchanges contents of two different words. 235
74 (@)SLD ONE DIGIT SHIFT Left shifts data between starting and ending words by one 228
LEFT digit (four bits).
75 (@)SRD ONE DIGIT SHIFT Right shifts data between starting and ending words by one 228
RIGHT digit (four bits).
76 (@)MLPX 4-TO-16 DECODER Converts up to four hexadecimal digits in source word into 255
decimal values from 0 to 15 and turns ON, in result word(s),
bit(s) whose position corresponds to converted value.
77 (@)DMPX 16-TO-4 ENCODER Determines position of highest ON bit in source word(s) and 257
turns ON corresponding bit(s) in result word.
78 (@)SDEC 7-SEGMENT Converts hexadecimal values from source word to data for 259
DECODER seven-segment display.
80 (@)DIST SINGLE WORD Moves one word of source data to destination word whose 235
DISTRIBUTE address is given by destination base word plus offset.
81 (@)COLL DATA COLLECT Extracts data from source word and writes it to destination 237
word.
82 (@)MOVB MOVE BIT Transfers designated bit of source word or constant to desig- 239
nated bit of destination word.
83 (@)MOVD MOVE DIGIT Moves hexadecimal content of specified four-bit source dig- 240
it(s) to specified destination digit(s) for up to four digits.
84 (@)SFTR REVERSIBLE SHIFT Shifts data in specified word or series of words to either left 229
REGISTER or right.
85 (@)TCMP TABLE COMPARE Compares four-digit hexadecimal value with values in table 243
consisting of 16 words.
86 (@)ASC ASCII CONVERT Converts hexadecimal values from the source word to eight- 262
bit ASCII code starting at leftmost or rightmost half of starting
destination word.
87 to 89 For expansion instructions. 116
91 (@)SBS SUBROUTINE ENTRY Calls and executes subroutine N. 313
92 SBN SUBROUTINE Marks start of subroutine N. 315
DEFINE
93 RET RETURN Marks the end of a subroutine and returns control to main 315
program.

443
Programming Instructions Appendix A

Code Mnemonic Name Function Page

97 (@)IORF I/O REFRESH Refreshes all I/O words between the start and end words. 318
Cannot be used with the SRM1.
99 (@)MCRO MACRO Calls and executes a subroutine replacing I/O words. 319

Expansion Instructions
The following table shows the instructions that can be treated as expansion instructions. The default function
codes are given for instructions that have codes assigned by default.
Code Mnemonic Name Function CPU Page
Units
17 (@)ASFT ASYNCHRONOUS SHIFT Creates a shift register that exchanges the con- All 230
REGISTER tents of adjacent words when one of the words is
zero and the other is not.
18 TKY TEN KEY INPUT Inputs 8 digits of BCD data from a 10-key key- CQM1 347
pad.
19 (@)MCMP MULTI-WORD COMPARE Compares a block of 16 consecutive words to CQM1 247
another block of 16 consecutive words.
47 (@)RXD RECEIVE Receives data via a communications port. CQM1/ 340
SRM1
48 (@)TXD TRANSMIT Sends data via a communications port. CQM1/ 342
SRM1
60 CMPL DOUBLE COMPARE Compares two eight-digit hexadecimal values. All 246
61 (@)INI MODE CONTROL Starts and stops counter operation, compares All except 220
and changes counter PVs, and stops pulse out- SRM1
put.
62 (@)PRV HIGH-SPEED COUNTER Reads counter PVs and status data for the high- All except 221
PV READ speed counter. SRM1
63 (@)CTBL COMPARISON TABLE Compares counter PVs and generates a direct All except 215
LOAD table or starts operation. SRM1
64 (@)SPED SPEED OUTPUT Outputs pulses at the specified frequency (10 Hz CQM1 330
to 50 KHz in 10 Hz units). The output frequency
can be changed while pulses are being output.
65 (@)PULS SET PULSES Outputs the specified number of pulses at the CQM1 328
specified frequency. The pulse output cannot be
stopped until the specified number of pulses
have been output.
66 (@)SCL SCALE Performs a scaling conversion on the calculated CQM1 266
value.
67 (@)BCNT BIT COUNTER Counts the total number of bits that are ON in the All 320
specified block of words.
68 (@)BCMP BLOCK COMPARE Judges whether the value of a word is within 16 All 244
ranges (defined by lower and upper limits).
69 (@)STIM INTERVAL TIMER Controls interval timers used to perform sched- All 213
uled interrupts.
87 DSW DIGITAL SWITCH INPUT Inputs 4- or 8-digit BCD data from a digital CQM1 346
switch.
88 7SEG 7-SEGMENT DISPLAY Converts 4- or 8-digit data to 7-segment display CQM1 345
OUTPUT format and then outputs the converted data.
89 (@)INT INTERRUPT CONTROL Performs interrupt control, such as masking and All except 326
unmasking the interrupt bits for I/O interrupts. SRM1
--- (@)ACC ACCELERATION Together with PULS(––), ACC(––) controls the CQM1- 334
CONTROL acceleration and/or deceleration of pulses output CPU43-E
from port 1 or 2. V1
--- (@)ADBL DOUBLE BINARY ADD Adds two 8-digit binary values (normal or signed CQM1 293
data) and outputs the result to R and R+1.
--- (@)APR ARITHMETIC PROCESS Performs sine, cosine, or linear approximation CQM1 305
calculations.

444
Programming Instructions Appendix A

Code Mnemonic Name Function CPU Page

Units
--- AVG AVERAGE VALUE Adds the specified number of hexadecimal CQM1 302
words and computes the mean value. Rounds off
to 4 digits past the decimal point.
--- (@)COLM LINE TO COLUMN Copies the 16 bits from the specified word to a CQM1 274
bit column of 16 consecutive words.
--- CPS SIGNED BINARY Compares two 16-bit (4-digit) signed binary val- CQM1 248
COMPARE ues and outputs the result to the GR, EQ, and
LE flags.
--- CPSL DOUBLE SIGNED Compares two 32-bit (8-digit) signed binary val- CQM1 249
BINARY COMPARE ues and outputs the result to the GR, EQ, and
LE flags.
--- (@)DBS SIGNED BINARY DIVIDE Divides one 16-bit signed binary value by anoth- CQM1 298
er and outputs the 32-bit signed binary result to
R+1 and R.
--- (@)DBSL DOUBLE SIGNED Divides one 32-bit signed binary value by anoth- CQM1 299
BINARY DIVIDE er and outputs the 64-bit signed binary result to
R+3 to R.
--- (@)FCS FCS CALCULATE Checks for errors in data transmitted by a Host CQM1/ 321
Link command. SRM1
--- FPD FAILURE POINT DETECT Finds errors within an instruction block. CQM1 322
--- (@)HEX ASCII-TO-HEXADECIMAL Converts ASCII data to hexadecimal data. CQM1/ 263
SRM1
--- HKY HEXADECIMAL KEY IN- Inputs up to 8 digits of hexadecimal data from a CQM1 347
PUT 16-key keypad.
--- (@)HMS SECONDS TO HOURS Converts second data to hour and minute data. CQM1 272
--- (@)LINE LINE Copies a bit column from 16 consecutive words CQM1 273
to the specified word.
--- (@)MAX FIND MAXIMUM Finds the maximum value in specified data area CQM1 300
and outputs that value to another word.
--- (@)MBS SIGNED BINARY Multiplies the signed binary content of two words CQM1 296
MULTIPLY and outputs the 8-digit signed binary result to
R+1 and R.
--- (@)MBSL DOUBLE SIGNED Multiplies two 32-bit (8-digit) signed binary val- CQM1 297
BINARY MULTIPLY ues and outputs the 16-digit signed binary result
to R+3 through R.
--- (@)MIN FIND MINIMUM Finds the minimum value in specified data area CQM1 301
and outputs that value to another word.
--- (@)NEG 2’S COMPLEMENT Converts the four-digit hexadecimal content of CQM1 275
the source word to its 2’s complement and out-
puts the result to R.
--- (@)NEGL DOUBLE 2’S Converts the eight-digit hexadecimal content of CQM1 276
COMPLEMENT the source words to its 2’s complement and out-
puts the result to R and R+1.
--- PID PID CONTROL Performs PID control based on the specified pa- CQM1- 338
rameters. CPU43-E
V1
--- (@)PLS2 PULSE OUTPUT Accelerates pulse output from 0 to the target fre- CQM1- 332
quency at a specified rate and decelerates at the CPU4-
same rate. EV1
--- (@)PWM PULSE WITH VARIABLE Outputs pulses with the specified duty ratio (0% CQM1- 336
DUTY RATIO to 99%) from port 1 or 2. CPU43-E
V1
--- (@)SBBL DOUBLE BINARY Subtracts an 8-digit binary value (normal or CQM1 294
SUBTRACT signed data) from another and outputs the result
to R and R+1.

445
Programming Instructions Appendix A

Code Mnemonic Name Function CPU Page

Units
--- (@)SCL2 SIGNED BINARY TO BCD Linearly converts a 4-digit signed hexadecimal CQM1 268
SCALING value to a 4-digit BCD value. CPU4-
EV1
--- (@)SCL3 BCD TO SIGNED BINARY Linearly converts a 4-digit BCD value to a 4-digit CQM1 269
SCALING signed hexadecimal value. CPU4-
EV1
--- (@)SEC HOURS TO SECONDS Converts hour and minute data to second data. CQM1 271
--- (@)SRCH DATA SEARCH Searches the specified range of memory for the CQM1 337
specified data. Outputs the word address(es) of
words in the range that contain the data.
--- (@)STUP CHANGE RS-232C Changes the communications parameters in the SRM1 344
SETUP PC Setup for a specified port.
--- (@)SUM SUM CALCULATE Computes the sum of the contents of the words CQM1 303
in the specified range of memory.
--- (@)XFRB TRANSFER BITS Copies the status of up to 255 specified source CQM1 241
bits to the specified destination bits.
--- ZCP AREA RANGE COMPARE Compares a word to a range defined by lower CQM1 250
and upper limits and outputs the result to the GR,
EQ, and LE flags.
--- ZCPL DOUBLE AREA RANGE Compares an 8-digit value to a range defined by CQM1 252
COMPARE lower and upper limits and outputs the result to
the GR, EQ, and LE flags.

446
Appendix B
Error and Arithmetic Flag Operation

The following table shows the instructions that affect the ER, CY, GT, LT and EQ flags. In general, ER indicates that
operand data is not within requirements. CY indicates arithmetic or data shift results. GT indicates that a compared
value is larger than some standard, LT that it is smaller, and EQ, that it is the same. EQ also indicates a result of
zero for arithmetic operations. Refer to Section 5 Instruction Set for details.
Vertical arrows in the table indicate the flags that are turned ON and OFF according to the result of the instruction.
Although ladder diagram instructions,TIM, and CNT are executed when ER is ON, other instructions with a vertical
arrow under the ER column are not executed if ER is ON. All of the other flags in the following table will also not
operate when ER is ON.
Instructions not shown do not affect any of the flags in the table. Although only the non-differentiated form of each
instruction is shown, differentiated instructions affect flags in exactly the same way.
The ER, CY, GT, LT and EQ Flags are turned OFF when END(01) is executed, so their status cannot be monitored
with a Programming Device.
The status of the ER, CY, GT, LT and EQ Flags is affected by instruction execution and will change each time an
instruction that affects them is executed. Differentiated instructions are executed only once when their execution
condition changes (ON to OFF or OFF to ON) and are not executed again until the next specified change in their
execution condition. The status of the ER, CY, GT, LT and EQ Flags is thus affected by a differentiated instruction
only when the execution condition changes and is not affected during scans when the instruction is not executed,
i.e., when the specified change does not occur in the execution condition. When a differentiated instruction is not
executed, the status of the ER, CY, GT, LT and EQ Flags will not change and will maintain the status produced by
the last instruction that was executed.
Instructions 25503 (ER) 25504 (CY) 25505 (GR) 25506 (EQ) 25507 (LE) 25402 (N) Page
TIM Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected 209
CNT 210
END(01) OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF 201
STEP(08) Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected 206
SNXT(09) 206
CNTR(12) Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected 211
TIMH(15) 212
WSFT(16) 225
CMP(20) Unaffected Unaffected 242
MOV(21) Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected 232
MVN(22) 232
BIN(23) OFF 252
BCD(24) Unaffected 253
ASL(25) Unaffected Unaffected 225
ASR(26) OFF 226
ROL(27) 226
ROR(28) 227
COM(29) Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected 308
ADD(30) Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected 278
SUB(31) 279

447
Error and Arithmetic Flag Operation Appendix B

Instructions 25503 (ER) 25504 (CY) 25505 (GR) 25506 (EQ) 25507 (LE) 25402 (N) Page
MUL(32) Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected 281
DIV(33) 282
ANDW(34) 309
ORW(35) 309
XORW(36) 310
XNRW(37) 311
INC(38) Unaffected 311
DEC(39) 312
STC(40) Unaffected ON Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected 278
CLC(41) Unaffected OFF Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected 278
MSG(46) Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected 317
ADB(50) Unaffected Unaffected 289
SBB(51) 290
MLB(52) Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected 291
DVB(53) Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected 292
ADDL(54) Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected 284
SUBL(55) 285
MULL(56) Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected 286
DIVL(57) 287
BINL(58) OFF 254
BCDL(59) Unaffected 254
XFER(70) Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected 233
BSET(71) 234
ROOT(72) Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected 288
XCHG(73) Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected 235
SLD(74) 228
SRD(75) 228
MLPX(76) 255
DMPX(77) 257
SDEC(78) 259
DIST(80) Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected 235
COLL(81) 237
MOVB(82) Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected 239
MOVD(83) 240
SFTR(84) Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected 229
TCMP(85) Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected 243
ASC(86) Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected 262
SBS(91) 313
MCRO(99) Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected 319

448
Error and Arithmetic Flag Operation Appendix B

Expansion Instructions (All CQM1/SRM1)

Instructions 25503 (ER) 25504 (CY) 25505 (GR) 25506 (EQ) 25507 (LE) 25402 (N) Page
ASFT(17) Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected 230
TKY(18) 347
MCMP(19) Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected 247
RXD(47) Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected 340
TXD(48) 342
CMPL(60) Unaffected 246
INI(61) Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected 220
PRV(62) 221
CTBL(63) 215
SPED(64) 330
PULS(65) 328
SCL(66) Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected 266
BCNT(67) 320
BCMP(68) Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected 244
STIM(69) 213
DSW(87)1 346
7SEG(88)2 345
INT(89) 326
HKY(––)3 347
FPD(––) Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected 322
SRCH(––) Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected 337
MAX(––) 300
MIN(––) 301
APR(––) 305
COLM(––) 274
LINE(––) 273
HMS(––) 272
SEC(––) 271
SUM(––) 303
FCS(––) Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected 321
HEX(––) 263
AVG(––) 302

Note 1. Only expansion instructions with default function numbers are applicable to the SRM1 PCs.
2. SR 25410 will be ON when DSW(87) is being executed.
3. SR 25409 will be ON when 7SEG(88) is being executed.
4. SR 25408 will be ON when HKY(––) is being executed.

449
Error and Arithmetic Flag Operation Appendix B

Expansion Instructions (CQM1-CPU4-E/-EV1 Only)

Instructions 25503 (ER) 25504 (CY) 25505 (GR) 25506 (EQ) 25507 (LE) Page
PWM(––) Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected 336
PID(––) 338
ADBL(––)1 Unaffected Unaffected 293
SBBL(––)1 294
MBS(––) Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected 296
DBS(––) 298
MBSL(––) 297
DBSL(––) 299
CPS(––) Unaffected 248
CPSL(––) 249
NEG(––)2 Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected 275
NEGL(––)2 276
ZCP(––) Unaffected 250
ZCPL(––) 252
XFRB(––) Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected 241
PLS2(––) 332
ACC(––) 334
SCL2(––) Unaffected Unaffected 268
SCL3(––) Unaffected Unaffected Unaffected 269

Note 1. Depending on the calculation results, ADBL(––) and SBBL(––) may also affect the status of the overflow
and underflow flags (SR 25404 and SR 25405).
2. Depending on the conversion results, NEG(––) and NEGL(––) may also affect the status of the under-
flow flag (SR 25405).

450
Appendix C
Memory Areas

CQM1 Memory Areas

Memory Area Structure
The following memory areas can be used with the CQM1.
Data area Size Words Bits Function
IR area1 Input area 128 or IR 000 to IR 015 IR 00000 to IR 01515 CQM1-CPU11/21-E: Up to 8 words
256 (128 bits) can be used for I/O bits. Up to 7
bits Units can be connected.
Output area IR 100 to IR 115 IR 10000 to IR 11515 CQM1-CPU4-EV1: Up to 16 words
(256 bits) can be used for I/O bits. Up to 11
Units can be connected.
Work areas 2,720 IR 012 to IR 095 IR 01200 to IR 09515 Work bits do not have any specific func-
bits IR 112 to IR 195 IR 11200 to IR 19515 tion, and they can be freely used within the
min.2 program.
IR 216 to IR 219 IR 21600 to IR 21915
IR 224 to IR 229 IR 22400 to IR 22915
MACRO Input area 64 bits IR 096 to IR 099 IR 09600 to IR 09915 Used when the MACRO instruction,
operand MCRO(99), is used. When the MACRO
area1 Output area 64 bits IR 196 to IR 199 IR 19600 to IR 19915 instruction is not used, these bits may be
used as work bits.
Analog SV area1 64 bits IR 220 to IR 223 IR 22000 to IR 22315 CQM1-CPU42-EV1:
Used to store the analog set values.
(Cannot be used as work bits.)
Can be used as work bits in other CPU
Units.
High-speed Counter 0 32 bits IR 230 to IR 231 IR 23000 to IR 23115 Used to store the present values of high-
PV1 speed counter 0.
Port 1 and 2 Pulse 64 bits IR 236 to IR 239 IR 23600 to IR 23915 CQM1-CPU43-EV1:
Output PVs1 Used to store the present values of pulse
outputs for ports 1 and 2.
(Cannot be used as work bits.)
CQM1-CPU44-EV1:
Used by the system.
(Cannot be used as work bits.)
Can be used as work bits in other CPU
Units.
High-speed Counter 1 64 bits IR 232 to IR 235 IR 23200 to IR 23515 CQM1-CPU43/44-EV1:
and 2 PVs1 Used to store the present values of high-
speed counters 1 and 2 for ports 1 and 2.
(Cannot be used as work bits.)
Can be used as work bits in other CPU
Units.
Expansion Areas1 320 IR 200 to IR 215 IR 20000 to IR 21515 These bits are expected to be used in
bits IR 240 to IR 243 IR 24000 to IR 24315 planned function expansion.
SR area 184 SR 244 to SR 24400 to These bits serve specific functions such as
bits SR 255 SR 25507 flags and control bits.
Can be used as work bits.
TR area 8 bits --- TR 0 to TR 7 These bits are used to temporarily store
ON/OFF status at program branches.
HR area 1,600 HR 00 to HR 99 HR 0000 to HR 9915 These bits store data and retain their ON/
bits OFF status when power is turned off.
AR area 448 AR 00 to AR 27 AR 0000 to AR 2715 These bits serve specific functions such as
bits flags and control bits.

451
Memory Areas Appendix C

Data area Size Words Bits Function

LR area1 1,024 LR 00 to LR 63 LR 0000 to LR 6315 Used for 1:1 data link through the RS-232
bits port.
Timer/Counter area3 512 TC 000 to TC 511 (timer/counter num- The same numbers are used for both tim-
bits bers) ers and counters. TC 000 to TC 002 are
used for interval timers.
DM area Read/write 1,024 DM 0000 to --- DM area data can be accessed in word
words DM 1023 units only. Word values are retained when
the power is turned off.
5,120 DM 1024 to --- Available in CQM1-CPU4-EV1 only.4
words DM 6143
Read-only5 425 DM 6144 to --- Cannot be overwritten from program.
words DM 6568
Error history 31 DM 6569 to --- Used to store the time of occurrence and
area5 words DM 6599 error code of errors that occur.
PC Setup 5 56 DM 6600 to --- Used to store various parameters that con-
words DM 6655 trol PC operation.
User program area 3,200 --- Used to store the program. Retained when
(UM area) or the power is turned off.
7,200 CQM1-CPU11/21-E: 3,200 words
words CQM1-CPU4-EV1: 7,200 words

Note 1. IR and LR bits that are not used for their allocated functions can be used as work bits.
2. At least 2,720 bits can be used as work bits. The total number of bits that can be used depends on the
configuration of the PC system.
3. When accessing a PV, TC numbers are used as word data; when accessing Completion Flags, they are
used as bit data.
4. Although the CQM1-CPU11-E and CQM1-CPU21-E do not support DM 1024 through DM 6143, an er-
ror will not occur if they are addressed. Any attempt to write to these words will have no effect and any
reads will produce all zeros.
5. Data in DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be overwritten from the program.

SR Area
These bits mainly serve as flags related to CQM1 operation. The following table
provides details on the various bit functions.
Word Bit(s) Function Page
SR 244 00 to 15 Input Interrupt 0 Counter Mode SV 42
SV when input interrupt 0 is used in counter mode (4 digits hexadecimal, 0000 to
FFFF). (Can be used as work bits when input interrupt 0 is not used in counter mode.)
SR 245 00 to 15 Input Interrupt 1 Counter Mode SV
SV when input interrupt 1 is used in counter mode (4 digits hexadecimal, 0000 to
FFFF). (Can be used as work bits when input interrupt 1 is not used in counter mode.)
SR 246 00 to 15 Input Interrupt 2 Counter Mode SV
SV when input interrupt 2 is used in counter mode (4 digits hexadecimal, 0000 to
FFFF). (Can be used as work bits when input interrupt 2 is not used in counter mode.)
SR 247 00 to 15 Input Interrupt 3 Counter Mode SV
SV when input interrupt 3 is used in counter mode (4 digits hexadecimal, 0000 to
FFFF). (Can be used as work bits when input interrupt 3 is not used in counter mode.)
SR 248 00 to 15 Input Interrupt 0 Counter Mode PV Minus One 42
Counter PV-1 when input interrupt 0 is used in counter mode (4 digits hexadecimal).
SR 249 00 to 15 Input Interrupt 1 Counter Mode PV Minus One
Counter PV-1 when input interrupt 1 is used in counter mode (4 digits hexadecimal).
SR 250 00 to 15 Input Interrupt 2 Counter Mode PV Minus One
Counter PV-1 when input interrupt 2 is used in counter mode (4 digits hexadecimal).
SR 251 00 to 15 Input Interrupt 3 Counter Mode PV Minus One
Counter PV-1 when input interrupt 3 is used in counter mode (4 digits hexadecimal).

452
Memory Areas Appendix C

Word Bit(s) Function Page

SR 252 00 High-speed Counter 0 Reset Bit 48
01 CQM1-CPU43-EV1: High-speed Counter 1 Reset Bit 134
Turn ON to reset PV of high-speed counter 1 (port 1).
CQM1-CPU44-EV1: Absolute High-speed Counter 1 Origin Compensation Bit
Turn ON to set origin compensation for absolute high-speed counter 1 (port 1). Auto-
matically turns OFF when compensation value is set in DM 6611.
01 CQM1-CPU43-EV1: High-speed Counter 2 Reset Bit 134
Turn ON to reset PV of high-speed counter 2 (port 2).
CQM1-CPU44-EV1: Absolute High-speed Counter 2 Origin Compensation Bit
Turn ON to set origin compensation for absolute high-speed counter 2 (port 2). Auto-
matically turns OFF when compensation value is set in DM 6612.
03 to 07 Not used.
08 Peripheral Port Reset Bit 92
Turn ON to reset peripheral port. (Not valid when peripheral device is connected.) Auto-
matically turns OFF when reset is complete.
09 RS-232C Port Reset Bit
Turn ON to reset RS-232C port. Automatically turns OFF when reset is complete.
10 PC Setup Reset Bit 3
Turn ON to initialize PC Setup (DM 6600 through DM 6655). Automatically turns OFF
again when reset is complete. Only effective if the PC is in PROGRAM mode.
11 Forced Status Hold Bit 17
OFF: Bits that are forced set/reset are cleared when switching from PROGRAM mode
to MONITOR mode.
ON: The status of bits that are forced set/reset are maintained when switching from
PROGRAM mode to MONITOR mode.
12 I/O Hold Bit 17
OFF: IR and LR bits are reset when starting or stopping operation.
ON: IR and LR bit status is maintained when starting or stopping operation.
13 Not used.
14 Error Log Reset Bit 431
Turn ON to clear error log. Automatically turns OFF again when operation is complete.
15 Output OFF Bit 455
OFF: Normal output status.
ON: All outputs turned OFF.
SR 253 00 to 07 FAL Error Code 205
The error code (a 2-digit number) is stored here when an error occurs. The FAL number
is stored here when FAL(06) or FALS(07) is executed. This word is reset (to 00) by
executing a FAL 00 instruction or by clearing the error from a Peripheral Device.
08 Low Battery Flag 428
Turns ON when a CPU Unit battery voltage drops.
09 Cycle Time Overrun Flag 428
Turns ON when a cycle time overrun occurs (i.e., when the cycle time exceeds 100
ms).
10 to 12 Not used.
13 Always ON Flag ---
14 Always OFF Flag ---
15 First Cycle Flag ---
Turns ON for 1 cycle at the start of operation.

453
Memory Areas Appendix C

Word Bit(s) Function Page

SR 254 00 1-minute clock pulse (30 seconds ON; 30 seconds OFF) ---
01 0.02-second clock pulse (0.01 second ON; 0.01 second OFF) ---
02 to 03 Not used.
04 CQM1-CPU4-EV1: Overflow (OF) Flag 289
Turns ON when the result of a calculation is above the upper limit of signed binary data.
05 CQM1-CPU4-EV1: Underflow (UF) Flag 289
Turns ON when the result of a calculation is below the lower limit of signed binary data.
06 Differential Monitor Complete Flag 134
Turns ON when differential monitoring is complete.
07 STEP(08) Execution Flag 206
Turns ON for 1 cycle only at the start of process based on STEP(08).
08 HKY(––) Execution Flag 347
Turns ON during execution of HKY(––).
09 7SEG(88) Execution Flag 345
Turns ON during execution of 7SEG(88).
10 DSW(87) Execution Flag 346
Turns ON during execution of DSW(87).
11 to 14 Not used.
15 CQM1-CPU43-EV1: Pulse I/O Error Flag (FALS: 9C) 427
Turns ON when there is an error in a pulse I/O function using port 1 or 2.
CQM1-CPU44-EV1: Absolute High-speed Counter Error Flag (FALS: 9C)
Turns ON when there is an error in an absolute high-speed counter using port 1 or 2.
SR 255 00 0.1-second clock pulse (0.05 second ON; 0.05 second OFF) ---
01 0.2-second clock pulse (0.1 second ON; 0.1 second OFF) ---
02 1.0-second clock pulse (0.5 second ON; 0.5 second OFF) ---
03 Instruction Execution Error (ER) Flag ---
Turns ON when an error occurs during execution of an instruction.
04 Carry (CY) Flag ---
Turns ON when there is a carry in the results of an instruction execution.
05 Greater Than (GR) Flag ---
Turns ON when the result of a comparison operation is “greater.”
06 Equals (EQ) Flag ---
Turns ON when the result of a comparison operation is “equal,” or when the result of an
instruction execution is 0.
07 Less Than (LE) Flag ---
Turns ON when the result of a comparison operation is “less.”
08 to 15 Not used.

Note Writing is not possible for the following words: SR 248 through SR 251, and SR 253 through SR255.

Explanation of SR Bits
SR 25211 (Forced Status Hold Bit)
When the forced set/reset status is cleared, the bits that were forced will be turned ON or OFF as follows:
Forced set cleared: Bit turned ON
Forced reset cleared: Bit turned OFF
All force-set or force-reset bits will be cleared when the PC is switched to RUN mode (see note).
This bit is turned ON and OFF from a peripheral device.
A setting can be made in the PC Setup (DM 6601) to cause the status of this Bit to be retained even when powering
up.

Note DM 6601 in the PC Setup can be set to maintain the previous status of the Forced Status Hold Bit when
power is turned on. This setting can be used to prevent forced status from being cleared even when power is
turned on.

454
Memory Areas Appendix C

SR 25212 (I/O Hold Bit)

This bit is turned ON and OFF from a peripheral device.
A setting can be made in the PC Setup (DM 6601) to cause the status of this Bit to be retained even when powering
up.
SR 25215 (Output OFF Bit)
When this bit it turned ON, all outputs will be turned OFF and the CPU Unit’s OUT INH indicator will light. Outputs
will remain OFF even if output bits are turned ON by the program until this Bit is turned OFF again.
SR 25308 (Battery Low Flag) and SR 25309 (Cycle Time Overrun Flag)
A setting can be made in the PC Setup (DM 6655) so that these errors will not be generated.

AR Area
These bits mainly serve as flags related to CQM1 operation. The following table provides details on the various bit
functions.
With the exception of AR 23 (Power-off Counter), the status of AR words and bits is refreshed each cycle. (AR 23 is
refreshed only for power interruptions.)
Word Bit(s) Function Page
AR 00 to --- Not used.
AR 03
AR 04 08 to 15 CQM1-CPU43/44-EV1: Pulse I/O or Absolute High-speed Counter Status Code: 59
00: Normal
01, 02: Hardware error
03: PC Setup error
04: PC stopped during pulse output
AR 05 00 to 07 CQM1-CPU43/44-EV1: High-speed Counter 1 Range Comparison Flags 59
00 ON: Counter PV is within comparison range 1
01 ON: Counter PV is within comparison range 2
02 ON: Counter PV is within comparison range 3
03 ON: Counter PV is within comparison range 4
04 ON: Counter PV is within comparison range 5
05 ON: Counter PV is within comparison range 6
06 ON: Counter PV is within comparison range 7
07 ON: Counter PV is within comparison range 8
08 CQM1-CPU43/44-EV1: High-speed Counter 1 Comparison Flag 59
OFF: Stopped
ON: Comparing
09 CQM1-CPU43/44-EV1: High-speed Counter 1 Overflow/Underflow Flag 59
OFF: Normal
ON: Overflow or underflow occurred.
10 to 11 Not used.
12 to 15 CQM1-CPU43-EV1: Port 1 Pulse Output Flags 333
12 ON: Deceleration specified. (OFF: Not specified.)
13 ON: Number of pulses specified. (OFF: Not specified.)
14 ON: Pulse output completed. (OFF: Not completed.)
15 ON: Pulse output in progress. (OFF: No pulse output.)
AR 06 00 to 15 CQM1-CPU43/44-EV1: High-speed Counter 2/Port 2 Pulse Output Flags 59
Identical to the High-speed Counter 1/Port 1 Pulse Output Flags in AR 05.
AR 07 00 to 11 Not used.
12 DIP Switch Pin 6 Flag ---
OFF: CPU Unit’s DIP switch pin no. 6 is OFF.
ON: CPU Unit’s DIP switch pin no. 6 is ON.
13 to 15 Not used.

455
Memory Areas Appendix C

Word Bit(s) Function Page

AR 08 00 to 03 RS-232C Communications Error Code (1-digit number) 92
The code will be “F” when a computer running LSS/SSS is connected to the Peripheral
Port.
04 RS-232C Error Flag
Turns ON when an RS-232C communications error occurs.
05 RS-232C Transmission Enabled Flag
Valid only when host link, RS-232C communications are used.
06 RS-232C Reception Completed Flag
Valid only when RS-232C communications are used.
07 RS-232C Reception Overflow Flag
Valid only when RS-232C communications are used.)
08 to 11 Peripheral Device Error Code (1-digit number) 99
The code will be “F” when a computer running LSS/SSS is connected to the Peripheral
Port.
12 Peripheral Device Error Flag
Turns ON when a peripheral device communications error occurs.
13 Peripheral Device Transmission Enabled Flag
Valid only when host link, RS-232C communications are used.
14 Peripheral Device Reception Completed Flag
Valid only when RS-232C communications are used.
15 Peripheral Device Reception Overflow Flag
Valid only when RS-232C communications are used.
AR 09 00 to 15 RS-232C Reception Counter 99
4 digits BCD; valid only when RS-232C communications are used.
AR 10 00 to 15 Peripheral Device Reception Counter 99
4 digits BCD; valid only when RS-232C communications are used.
AR 11 00 to 07 High-speed Counter 0 Range Comparison Flags 51
00 ON: Counter PV is within comparison range 1
01 ON: Counter PV is within comparison range 2
02 ON: Counter PV is within comparison range 3
03 ON: Counter PV is within comparison range 4
04 ON: Counter PV is within comparison range 5
05 ON: Counter PV is within comparison range 6
06 ON: Counter PV is within comparison range 7
07 ON: Counter PV is within comparison range 8
08 to 14 Not used.
15 Pulse Output Status for Pulse Output Bit Specification ---
0: Stopped; 1: Output
(This bit is supported only for CPU Units produced in or after April 1995 (Lot No.: **45)).
AR 12 00 to 15 Not used.
AR 13 00 Memory Cassette Installed Flag ---
Turns ON if the Memory Cassette is installed at the time of powering up.
01 Clock Available Flag ---
Turns ON if a Memory Cassette equipped with a clock is installed.
02 Memory Cassette Write-protected Flag 134
ON when an EEPROM Memory Cassette if mounted and write protected or when an
EPROM Memory cassette is mounted.
03 Not used.
04 to 07 Memory Cassette Code (1-digit number) ---
0: No Memory Cassette installed.
1: EEPROM, 4K-word Memory Cassette installed.
2: EEPROM, 8K-word Memory Cassette installed.
4: EPROM-type Memory Cassette installed.
08 to 15 Not used.

456
Memory Areas Appendix C

Word Bit(s) Function Page

AR 14 00 CPU Unit to Memory Cassette Transfer Bit 148
Turn ON for transfer from the CPU Unit to the Memory Cassette. Automatically turns
OFF again when operation is complete. (See note.)
01 Memory Cassette to CPU Unit Transfer Bit 149
Turn ON for transfer from the Memory Cassette to the CPU Unit. Automatically turns
OFF again when operation is complete. (See note.)
02 Memory Cassette Compare Flag 149
ON when the contents of the PC and the Memory Cassette are being compared. Turns
OFF automatically when comparison has completed. (See note.)
03 Memory Cassette Comparison Results Flag 149
ON: Difference found or comparison not possible
OFF: Contents compared and found to be the same.
04 to 11 Not used.
12 PROGRAM Mode Transfer Error Flag 148
Turns ON when transfer could not be executed due to being in PROGRAM mode.
13 Write-protect Error Flag 427
Turns ON when transfer could not be executed due to write-protection.
14 Insufficient Capacity Flag 427
Turns ON when transfer could not be executed due to insufficient capacity at the trans-
fer destination.
15 No Program Flag 427
Turns ON when transfer could not be executed due to there being no program in the
Memory Cassette.
AR 15 00 to 07 Memory Cassette Program Code ---
Code (2-digit number) indicates the size of the program stored in the Memory Cassette.
00: There is no program, or no Memory Cassette is installed.
04: The program is less than 3.2K words long.
08: The program is less than 7.2K words long.
08 to15 CPU Unit Program Code ---
Code (2-digit number) indicates the size of the program stored in the CPU Unit.
04: The program is less than 3.2K words long.
08: The program is less than 7.2K words long.
AR 16 00 to 10 Not used.
11 PC Setup Initialized Flag 429
Turns ON when a checksum error occurs in the PC Setup area and all settings are ini-
tialized back to the default settings.
12 Program Invalid Flag 429
Turns ON when a checksum error occurs in the UM area, or when an improper instruc-
tion is executed.
13 Instructions Table Initialized Flag 429
Turns ON when a checksum error occurs in the instructions table and all settings are
initialized back to the default settings.
14 Memory Cassette Added Flag 429
Turns ON if the Memory Cassette is installed while the power is on.
15 Memory Cassette Transfer Error Flag 429
Turns ON if a transfer cannot be successfully executed when DIP switch pin no. 2 is set
to ON (i.e., set to automatically transfer the contents of the Memory Cassette at power-
up.)
Note With the LSS/SSS, clear the forced-set status to turn OFF these bits, which will not change even after the
operation is complete. (If the Programming Console is being used, these bits will automatically turn OFF.)

457
Memory Areas Appendix C

Word Bit(s) Function Page

AR 17 00 to 07 “Minutes” portion of the present time, in 2 digits BCD (Valid only when a Memory Cas- 134
sette with the clock function is installed.)
08 to 15 “Hour” portion of the present time, in 2 digits BCD (Valid only when a Memory Cassette
with the clock function is installed.)
AR 18 00 to 07 “Seconds” portion of the present time, in 2 digits BCD (Valid only when a Memory Cas-
sette with the clock function is installed.)
08 to 15 “Minutes” portion of the present time, in 2 digits BCD (Valid only when a Memory Cas-
sette with the clock function is installed.)
AR 19 00 to 07 “Hour” portion of the present time, in 2 digits BCD (Valid only when a Memory Cassette
with the clock function is installed.)
08 to 15 “Date” portion of the present time, in 2 digits BCD (Valid only when a Memory Cassette
with the clock function is installed.)
AR 20 00 to 07 “Month” portion of the present time, in 2 digits BCD (Valid only when a Memory Cas-
sette with the clock function is installed.)
08 to 15 “Year” portion of the present time, in 2 digits BCD (Valid only when a Memory Cassette
with the clock function is installed.)
AR 21 00 to 07 “Day of week” portion of the present time, in 2 digits BCD [00: Sunday to 06: Saturday]
(Valid only when a Memory Cassette with the clock function is installed.)
08 to 12 Not used.
13 30-second Adjustment Bit 134
Valid only when a Memory Cassette with the clock function is installed.
14 Clock Stop Bit
Valid only when a Memory Cassette with the clock function is installed.
15 Clock Set Bit
Valid only when a Memory Cassette with the clock function is installed.
AR 22 00 to 07 Input Words 137
Number of words for input bits (2 digits BCD)
08 to 15 Output Words
Number of words for output bits (2 digits BCD)
AR 23 00 to 15 Power-off Counter (4 digits BCD) ---
This is the count of the number of times that the power has been turned off. To clear the
count, write “0000” from a peripheral device.
AR 24 00 Power-up PC Setup Error Flag 3
Turns ON when there is an error in DM 6600 to DM 6614 (the part of the PC Setup area
that is read at power-up).
01 Start-up PC Setup Error Flag 428
Turns ON when there is an error in DM 6615 to DM 6644 (the part of the PC Setup area
that is read at the beginning of operation).
02 RUN PC Setup Error Flag 3
Turns ON when there is an error in DM 6645 to DM 6655 (the part of the PC Setup area
that is always read).
03, 04 Not used.
05 Long Cycle Time Flag ---
Turns ON if the actual cycle time is longer than the cycle time set in DM 6619.
06, 07 Not used.
08 to 15 Code (2 digits hexadecimal) showing the word number of a detected I/O bus error ---
00 to 07: Correspond to input words 000 to 007.
80 to 87: Correspond to output words 100 to 107.
FF: End cover cannot be confirmed.
AR 25 00 to 07 Not used.
08 FPD(––) Teaching Bit 322
09 to 15 Not used.

458
Memory Areas Appendix C

Word Bit(s) Function Page

AR 26 00 to 15 Maximum Cycle Time (4 digits BCD) 21
The longest cycle time since the beginning of operation is stored. It is cleared at the
beginning, and not at the end, of operation.
The unit can be any of the following, depending on the setting of the 9F monitoring time
(DM 6618). Default: 0.1 ms; “10 ms” setting: 0.1 ms; “100 ms” setting: 1 ms; “1 s” set-
ting: 10 ms
AR 27 00 to 15 Current Cycle Time (4 digits BCD)
The most recent cycle time during operation is stored. The Current Cycle Time is not
cleared when operation stops.
The unit can be any of the following, depending on the setting of the 9F monitoring time
(DM 6618). Default: 0.1 ms; “10 ms” setting: 0.1 ms; “100 ms” setting: 1 ms; “1 s” set-
ting: 10 ms

CPM1/CPM1A Memory Areas

Memory Area Structure
The following memory areas can be used with the CPM1/CPM1A.
Data area Words Bits Function
IR area1 Input area IR 000 to IR 009 IR 00000 to IR 00915 These bits can be allocated to the external
(10 words) (160 bits) I/O terminals.
Output area IR 010 to IR 019 IR 01000 to IR 01915
(10 words) (160 bits)
Work area IR 200 to IR 231 IR 20000 to IR 23115 Work bits can be freely used within the pro-
(32 words) (512 bits) gram.
SR area SR 232 to SR 255 SR 23200 to SR 25515 These bits serve specific functions such as
(24 words) (384 bits) flags and control bits.
TR area --- TR 0 to TR 7 These bits are used to temporarily store
(8 bits) ON/OFF status at program branches.
HR area2 HR 00 to HR 19 HR 0000 to HR 1915 These bits store data and retain their ON/
(20 words) (320 bits) OFF status when power is turned off.
AR area2 AR 00 to AR 15 AR 0000 to AR 1515 These bits serve specific functions such as
(16 words) (256 bits) flags and control bits.
LR area1 LR 00 to LR 15 LR 0000 to LR 1515 Used for a 1:1 data link with another PC.
(16 words) (256 bits)
Timer/Counter area2 TC 000 to TC 127 (timer/counter numbers)3 The same numbers are used for both timers
and counters.
DM area Read/write2 DM 0000 to DM 0999 --- DM area data can be accessed in word
DM 1022 to DM 1023 units only. Word values are retained when
(1,002 words) the power is turned off.
Error log2 DM 1000 to DM 1021 --- Used to store the error code of errors that
(22 words) occur. These words can be used as ordi-
nary read/write DM when the error log func-
tion isn’t being used.
Read-only4 DM 6144 to DM 6599 --- Cannot be overwritten from program.
(456 words)
PC Setup4 DM 6600 to DM 6655 --- Used to store various parameters that con-
(56 words) trol PC operation.

Note 1. IR and LR bits that are not used for their allocated functions can be used as work bits.
2. The contents of the HR area, Counter area, and read/write DM area are backed up by a capacitor. At
25C, the capacitor will back up memory for 20 days. Refer to 2-1-2 Characteristics in the CPM1 or
CPM1A Operation Manual for a graph showing the backup time vs. temperature.
3. When accessing a PV, TC numbers are used as word data; when accessing Completion Flags, they are
used as bit data.
4. Data in DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be overwritten from the program, but they can be changed from a
Peripheral Device.

459
Memory Areas Appendix C

5. The contents of the HR area, LR area, Counter area, and read/write DM area are backed up by a capaci-
tor. The backup time varies with the ambient temperature, but at 25C, the capacitor will back up
memory for 20 days. If the power supply is off longer than the backup time, memory contents will be
cleared and AR1314 will turn ON. (This flag turns ON when data can no longer be retained by the built-in
capacitor.) Refer to 2-1-2 Characteristics in the CPM1 Operation Manual for a graph showing the back-
up time vs. temperature.

SR Area
These bits mainly serve as flags related to CPM1/CPM1A operation or contain present and set values for various
functions. The functions of the SR area are explained in the following table.
Word(s) Bit(s) Function Page
SR 232 00 to 15 Macro Function Input Area 128
to Contains the input operands for MCRO(99).
SR 235 (Can be used as work bits when MCRO(99) is not used.)
SR 236 00 to 15 Macro Function Output Area
to Contains the output operands for MCRO(99).
SR 239 (Can be used as work bits when MCRO(99) is not used.)
SR 240 00 to 15 Input Interrupt 0 Counter Mode SV 42
SV when input interrupt 0 is used in counter mode (4 digits hexadecimal).
(Can be used as work bits when input interrupt 0 is not used in counter mode.)
SR 241 00 to 15 Input Interrupt 1 Counter Mode SV
SV when input interrupt 1 is used in counter mode (4 digits hexadecimal).
(Can be used as work bits when input interrupt 1 is not used in counter mode.)
SR 242 00 to 15 Input Interrupt 2 Counter Mode SV
SV when input interrupt 2 is used in counter mode (4 digits hexadecimal).
(Can be used as work bits when input interrupt 2 is not used in counter mode.)
SR 243 00 to 15 Input Interrupt 3 Counter Mode SV
SV when input interrupt 3 is used in counter mode (4 digits hexadecimal).
(Can be used as work bits when input interrupt 3 is not used in counter mode.)
SR 244 00 to 15 Input Interrupt 0 Counter Mode PV Minus One 42
Counter PV–1 when input interrupt 0 is used in counter mode (4 digits hexadecimal).
SR 245 00 to 15 Input Interrupt 1 Counter Mode PV Minus One
Counter PV–1 when input interrupt 1 is used in counter mode (4 digits hexadecimal).
SR 246 00 to 15 Input Interrupt 2 Counter Mode PV Minus One
Counter PV–1 when input interrupt 2 is used in counter mode (4 digits hexadecimal).
SR 247 00 to 15 Input Interrupt 3 Counter Mode PV Minus One
Counter PV–1 when input interrupt 3 is used in counter mode (4 digits hexadecimal).
SR 248, 00 to 15 High-speed Counter PV Area 48
SR 249 (Can be used as work bits when the high-speed counter is not used.)
SR 250 00 to 15 Analog Volume Setting 0 129
Used to store the 4-digit BCD set value (0000 to 0200) from analog volume control 0.
SR 251 00 to 15 Analog Volume Setting 1
Used to store the 4-digit BCD set value (0000 to 0200) from analog volume control 1.

460
Memory Areas Appendix C

Word(s) Bit(s) Function Page

SR 252 00 High-speed Counter Reset Bit 48
01 to 07 Not used.
08 Peripheral Port Reset Bit 92
Turn ON to reset peripheral port. (Not valid when peripheral device is connected.) Auto-
matically turns OFF when reset is complete.
09 Not used.
10 PC Setup Reset Bit 3
Turn ON to initialize PC Setup (DM 6600 through DM 6655). Automatically turns OFF
again when reset is complete. Only effective if the PC is in PROGRAM mode.
11 Forced Status Hold Bit (See note.) 17
OFF: The forced status of bits that are forced set/reset is cleared when switching be-
tween PROGRAM mode and MONITOR mode.
ON: The status of bits that are forced set/reset are maintained when switching between
PROGRAM mode and MONITOR mode.
The status of this bit can be maintained when PC power turns off by using the PC Setup.
12 I/O Hold Bit (See note.) 17
OFF: IR and LR bits are reset when starting or stopping operation.
ON: IR and LR bit status is maintained when starting or stopping operation.
The status of this bit can be maintained when PC power turns off by using the PC Setup.
13 Not used.
14 Error Log Reset Bit 431
Turn ON to clear error log. Automatically turns OFF again when operation is complete.
15 Not used.
SR 253 00 to 07 FAL Error Code 205
The error code (a 2-digit number) is stored here when an error occurs. The FAL number
is stored here when FAL(06) or FALS(07) is executed. This word is reset (to 00) by
executing a FAL 00 instruction or by clearing the error from a Peripheral Device.
08 Not used.
09 Cycle Time Overrun Flag ---
Turns ON when a cycle time overrun occurs (i.e., when the cycle time exceeds 100 ms).
10 to 12 Not used.
13 Always ON Flag ---
14 Always OFF Flag ---
15 First Cycle Flag ---
Turns ON for 1 cycle at the start of operation.
SR 254 00 1-minute clock pulse (30 seconds ON; 30 seconds OFF) ---
01 0.02-second clock pulse (0.01 second ON; 0.01 second OFF) ---
02 Negative (N) Flag ---
03 to 05 Not used.
06 Differential Monitor Complete Flag 134
Turns ON when differential monitoring is complete.
07 STEP(08) Execution Flag 206
Turns ON for 1 cycle only at the start of process based on STEP(08).
08 to 15 Not used.

461
Memory Areas Appendix C

Word(s) Bit(s) Function Page

SR 255 00 0.1-second clock pulse (0.05 second ON; 0.05 second OFF) ---
01 0.2-second clock pulse (0.1 second ON; 0.1 second OFF) ---
02 1.0-second clock pulse (0.5 second ON; 0.5 second OFF) ---
03 Instruction Execution Error (ER) Flag ---
Turns ON when an error occurs during execution of an instruction.
04 Carry (CY) Flag ---
Turns ON when there is a carry in the results of an instruction execution.
05 Greater Than (GR) Flag ---
Turns ON when the result of a comparison operation is “greater.”
06 Equals (EQ) Flag ---
Turns ON when the result of a comparison operation is “equal,” or when the result of an
instruction execution is 0.
07 Less Than (LE) Flag ---
Turns ON when the result of a comparison operation is “less.”
08 to 15 Not used.
Note DM 6601 in the PC Setup can be set to maintain the previous status of the I/O Hold Bit (SR 25212) and the
I/O Hold Bit (SR 25212) when power is turned off. If power is left OFF for longer than the backup time, how-
ever, status may be cleared. For details regarding the backup time, refer to the CPM1A or CPM1 Operation
Manual. Refer to 1-1-3 CPM1/CPM1A PC Setup Settings for details on the PC Setup.

AR Area
These bits mainly serve as flags related to CPM1/CPM1A operation. These bits retain their status even after the
CPM1/CPM1A power supply has been turned off or when operation begins or stops.
Word(s) Bit(s) Function Page
AR 00, 00 to 15 Not used.
AR 01
AR 02 00 to 07 Not used. ---
08 to 11 Number of I/O Units Connected
12 to 15 Not used.
AR 03 to 00 to 15 Not used.
AR 07
AR 08 00 to 07 Not used.
08 to 11 Peripheral Device Error Code 99
0: Normal completion
1: Parity error
2: Frame error
3: Overrun error
12 Peripheral Device Error Flag
13 to 15 Not used.
AR 09 00 to 15 Not used.
AR 10 00 to 15 Power-off Counter (4 digits BCD) ---
This is the count of the number of times that the power has been turned off.
To clear the count, write “0000” from a peripheral device.
AR 11 00 to 07 High-speed Counter Range Comparison Flags 51
00 ON: Counter PV is within comparison range 1
01 ON: Counter PV is within comparison range 2
02 ON: Counter PV is within comparison range 3
03 ON: Counter PV is within comparison range 4
04 ON: Counter PV is within comparison range 5
05 ON: Counter PV is within comparison range 6
06 ON: Counter PV is within comparison range 7
07 ON: Counter PV is within comparison range 8
08 to 14 Not used.
15 Pulse Output Status ---
ON: Stopped.
OFF: Pulses being output.

462
Memory Areas Appendix C

Word(s) Bit(s) Function Page

AR 12 00 to 15 Not used.
AR 13 00 Power-up PC Setup Error Flag 3
Turns ON when there is an error in DM 6600 to DM 6614 (the part of the PC Setup area
that is read at power-up).
01 Start-up PC Setup Error Flag
Turns ON when there is an error in DM 6615 to DM 6644 (the part of the PC Setup area
that is read at the beginning of operation).
02 RUN PC Setup Error Flag
Turns ON when there is an error in DM 6645 to DM 6655 (the part of the PC Setup area
that is always read).
03, 04 Not used.
05 Long Cycle Time Flag ---
Turns ON if the actual cycle time is longer than the cycle time set in DM 6619.
06, 07 Not used.
08 Memory Area Specification Error Flag ---
Turns ON when a non-existent data area address is specified in the program.
09 Flash Memory Error Flag ---
Turns ON when there is an error in flash memory.
10 Read-only DM Error Flag (See note 3.) 3
Turns ON when a checksum error occurs in the read-only DM (DM 6144 to DM 6599)
and that area is initialized.
11 PC Setup Error Flag
Turns ON when a checksum error occurs in the PC Setup area.
12 Program Error Flag ---
Turns ON when a checksum error occurs in the program memory (UM) area, or when
an improper instruction is executed.
13 Not used.
14 Data Save Error Flag ---
Turns ON when power is turned on if data could not be saved with the built-in capacitor.
Data is saved in the following areas with the built-in capacitor:
DM area (Read/write-capable: DM 0000 to 0999 and DM 1022 to 1023)
HR area (HR 00 to 19)
Counter area (CNT 000 to 127)
SR area, word 252, bits 11, 12 (when PC Setup in DM 6601 is set to maintain status)
AR area, word 10 (power-off counter)
Operation mode (when PC Setup in DM 6600 is set to continue mode last used before
power failure)
If data could not be saved in the above areas:
The DM, error log, HR, counter, SR (word 252, bits 11 and 12), and AR (word 10) areas
will be cleared.
The operation mode will go into Program Mode.
(For details regarding the holding time, refer to the CPM1A Operation Manual.)
15 Not used.
AR 14 00 to 15 Maximum Cycle Time (4 digits BCD) (See note 1.) 21
The longest cycle time since the beginning of operation is stored. It is cleared at the
beginning, and not at the end, of operation.
The units can be any of the following, depending on the setting of in DM 6618.
Default: 0.1 ms; “10 ms” setting: 0.1 ms; “100 ms” setting: 1 ms; “1 s” setting: 10 ms
AR 15 00 to 15 Current Cycle Time (4 digits BCD) (See note 1.)
The most recent cycle time during operation is stored. The Current Cycle Time is not
cleared when operation stops.
The units can be any of the following, depending on the setting of in DM 6618.
Default: 0.1 ms; “10 ms” setting: 0.1 ms; “100 ms” setting: 1 ms; “1 s” setting: 10 ms

Note 1. The units will be as follows, depending on the unit setting for the cycle monitor time (DM 6618):
Initial status: 0.1-ms unit
When 10-ms unit is set: 0.1-ms unit
When 100-ms unit is set: 1-ms unit
When 1-s unit is set: 10-ms unit

463
Memory Areas Appendix C

2. Areas that cannot be used are cleared when the power is turned on.
3. The contents of AR 10 is backed up by the built-in capacitor. If power is left OFF for longer than the back-
up time, however, the contents may be cleared. For details regarding the backup time, refer to the
CPM1A or CPM1 Operation Manual.

SRM1 Memory Areas

Memory Area Structure
The following memory areas can be used with the SRM1.
Data area Words Bits Function
IR area1 Input area IR 000 to IR 009 IR 00000 to IR 00915 These bits can be allocated to the external
(10 words) (160 bits) I/O terminals. The ON/OFF status of the I/O
bits will be the same as the ON/OFF status
Output area IR 010 to IR 019 IR 01000 to IR 01915 of the I/O terminals
(10 words) (160 bits) Any I/O bits not used for I/O can be used as
work bits.
Work area IR 200 to IR 239 IR 20000 to IR 23315 Work bits can be freely used within the pro-
(40 words) (640 bits) gram. IR 232 to IR 239 however, cannot be
used as the the MACRO input area for the
MACRO instruction.
SR area SR 240 to SR 255 SR 24000 to SR 25507 These bits serve as storage space for flags
(16 words) (248 bits) and function set values/present values for
SRM1 operation. Refer to SR Area.
TR area --- TR 0 to TR 7 When a complicated ladder diagram cannot
(8 bits) be recorded as a mnemonic these bits are
used to temporarily store ON/OFF status at
program branches. These temporary bits
cannot be used within the same block but if
the blocks are different several may be
used. The ON/OFF status of these bits can-
not be monitored using the monitoring func-
tion of a peripheral device.
HR area2 HR 00 to HR 19 HR 0000 to HR 1915 These bits store data and retain their ON/
(20 words) (320 bits) OFF status when power is turned off, or op-
eration starts or stops. They are used in the
same way as work bits.
AR area2 AR 00 to AR 15 AR 0000 to AR 1515 These bits serve specific functions such as
(16 words) (256 bits) flags and control bits. AR 04 to 07 are used
as slaves. Refer to AR Area.
LR area1 LR 00 to LR 15 LR 0000 to LR 1515 Used for a 1:1 data link with another SRM1,
(16 words) (256 bits) CQM1 or C200HS PC.
Timer/Counter area2 TC 000 to TC 127 (timer/counter numbers)3 Timers and counter use the TIM, TIMH(15),
CNT and CNTR(12) instructions. The same
numbers are used for both timers and
counters.
Timer/counter numbers should be specified
as bits when dealing with timer/counter
present values. The counter data will be
stored even when the SRM1 power is
turned off or operation is stopped or started.
When timer/counter are treated as up-flags
the number should be specified as relay
data.

464
Memory Areas Appendix C

Data area Words Bits Function

Note 1. IR and LR bits that are not used for their allocated functions can be used as work bits.
2. The contents of the HR area, LR area, Counter area, and read/write DM area are backed up by a capaci-
tor. At 25C, the capacitor will back up memory for 20 days. Refer to 2-1-2 Characteristics in the SRM1
Master Control Unit Operation Manual for a graph showing the backup time vs. temperature.
3. When accessing a PV, TC numbers are used as word data; when accessing Completion Flags, they are
used as bit data.
4. Data in DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be overwritten from the program, but they can be changed from a
Peripheral Device.

SR Area
These bits mainly serve as flags related to SRM1 operation or contain present and set values for various functions.
The functions of the SR area are explained in the following table.
Word(s) Bit(s) Function Page
SR 240 00 to 15 Not used.
to Can be used as work bits.
SR247
SR 248, 00 to 15 Reserved.
SR249
SR 250, 00 to 15 Not used.
SR251 Can be used as work bits.
SR 252 00 Not used. (system use)
01 to 07 Not used.
08 Peripheral Port Reset Bit 92
Turn ON to reset peripheral port. (Not valid when peripheral device is connected.) Auto-
matically turns OFF when reset is complete.
09 RS-232C Port Reset Bit
Automatically turns OFF when reset is complete.
10 PC Setup Reset Bit 3
Turn ON to initialize PC Setup (DM 6600 through DM 6655). Automatically turns OFF
again when reset is complete. Only effective if the PC is in PROGRAM mode.
11 Forced Status Hold Bit 17
OFF: The forced status of bits that are forced set/reset is cleared when switching be-
tween PROGRAM mode and MONITOR mode.
ON: The status of bits that are forced set/reset are maintained when switching between
PROGRAM mode and MONITOR mode.
12 I/O Hold Bit 17
OFF: IR and LR bits are reset when starting or stopping operation.
ON: IR and LR bit status is maintained when starting or stopping operation.
13 Not used.
14 Error Log Reset Bit 431
Turn ON to clear error log. Automatically turns OFF again when operation is complete.
15 Not used.

465
Memory Areas Appendix C

Word(s) Bit(s) Function Page

SR 253 00 to 07 FAL Error Code 205
The error code (a 2-digit number) is stored here when an error occurs. The FAL number
is stored here when FAL(06) or FALS(07) is executed. This word is reset (to 00) by
executing a FAL 00 instruction or by clearing the error from a Peripheral Device.
08 Not used.
09 Cycle Time Overrun Flag ---
Turns ON when a cycle time overrun occurs.
10 to 11 Not used.
12 RS-232C Port Set Bit
Turn ON to set RS-232C port.
Turn OFF when reset is complete.
13 Always ON Flag ---
14 Always OFF Flag ---
15 First Cycle Flag ---
Turns ON for 1 cycle at the start of operation.
SR 254 00 1-minute clock pulse (30 seconds ON; 30 seconds OFF) ---
01 0.02-second clock pulse (0.01 second ON; 0.01 second OFF) ---
02 Negative (N) Flag ---
03 Not used.
04 Overflow Flag ---
05 Underflow Flag ---
06 Differential Monitor Complete Flag 134
Turns ON when differential monitoring is complete.
07 STEP(08) Execution Flag 206
Turns ON for 1 cycle only at the start of process based on STEP(08).
08 to 15 Not used.
SR 255 00 0.1-second clock pulse (0.05 second ON; 0.05 second OFF) ---
01 0.2-second clock pulse (0.1 second ON; 0.1 second OFF) ---
02 1.0-second clock pulse (0.5 second ON; 0.5 second OFF) ---
03 Instruction Execution Error (ER) Flag ---
Turns ON when an error occurs during execution of an instruction.
04 Carry (CY) Flag ---
Turns ON when there is a carry in the results of an instruction execution.
05 Greater Than (GR) Flag ---
Turns ON when the result of a comparison operation is “greater.”
06 Equals (EQ) Flag ---
Turns ON when the result of a comparison operation is “equal,” or when the result of an
instruction execution is 0.
07 Less Than (LE) Flag ---
Turns ON when the result of a comparison operation is “less.”
08 to 15 Not used.

AR Area
These bits mainly serve as flags related to SRM1 operation. These bits retain their status even after the SRM1
power supply has been turned off or when operation begins or stops.
Word(s) Bit(s) Function Page
AR 00, 00 to 15 Not used.
AR 01
AR 02 00 to 07 Not used.
08 to 11 Not used. (system use)
12 to 15 Not used.
AR 03 00 to 15 Not used.
AR 04 to 00 to 15 Slave Status Flag ---
AR 07

466
Memory Areas Appendix C

Word(s) Bit(s) Function Page

AR 08 00 to 03 RS-232C Error Code (1-digit number) ---
0: Normal completion
1: Parity error
2: Framing error
3: Overrun error
04 RS-232C Communications Error ---
05 RS-232C Transmission Enabled Flag ---
Valid only when host link, no protocol communications are used.
06 RS-232C Reception Completed Flag ---
Valid only when no protocol communications are used.
07 RS-232C Reception Overflow Flag ---
Valid only when no protocol communications are used.
08 to 11 Peripheral Device Error Code 99
0: Normal completion
1: Parity error
2: Frame error
3: Overrun error
12 Peripheral Device Error Flag
13 Peripheral Device Transmission Enabled Flag ---
Valid only when host link, no protocol communications are used.
14 Peripheral Device Reception Completed Flag ---
Valid only when no protocol communications are used.
15 Peripheral Device Reception Overflow Flag ---
Valid only when no protocol communications are used.
AR 09 00 to 15 RS-232C Reception Counter (4 digits BCD) ---
Valid only when no protocol communications are used.
AR 10 00 to 15 Peripheral Device Reception Counter (4 digits BCD) ---
Valid only when no protocol communications are used.
AR 11 00 to 15 4 digits BCD ---
Power supply cut frequency.
AR 12 00 to 15 Not used.
AR 13 00 Power-up PC Setup Error Flag 3
Turns ON when there is an error in DM 6600 to DM 6614 (the part of the PC Setup area
that is read at power-up).
01 Start-up PC Setup Error Flag
Turns ON when there is an error in DM 6615 to DM 6644 (the part of the PC Setup area
that is read at the beginning of operation).
02 RUN PC Setup Error Flag
Turns ON when there is an error in DM 6645 to DM 6655 (the part of the PC Setup area
that is always read).
03, 04 Not used.
05 Long Cycle Time Flag ---
Turns ON if the actual cycle time is longer than the cycle time set in DM 6619.
06 Turns ON when the program memory (UM) area is full. ---
07 Turns ON when instructions other than those in the support software area used. ---
08 Memory Area Specification Error Flag ---
Turns ON when a non-existent data area address is specified in the program.
09 Flash Memory Error Flag ---
Turns ON when there is an error in flash memory.
10 Read-only DM Error Flag 3
Turns ON when a checksum error occurs in the read-only DM (DM 6144 to DM 6599)
and that area is initialized.
11 PC Setup Error Flag
Turns ON when a checksum error occurs in the PC Setup area.
12 Program Error Flag ---
Turns ON when a checksum error occurs in the program memory (UM) area, or when
an improper instruction is executed.
13 Not used. (Cleared when power is turned on.)

467
Memory Areas Appendix C

Word(s) Bit(s) Function Page

AR 13 14 Data Save Error Flag
Turns ON when power is turned on if data could not be saved in the following areas:
DM area (read/write-capable), HR area, CNT area, SR 252, bits 11, 12 (when PC Setup in DM
6601 is set to maintain status), error log, operation mode (when PC Setup in DM 6600 is set to
continue mode last used before power failure).
(For details regarding the holding time, refer to the SRM1 Operation Manual.)
If data could not be saved in the above areas:
The DM (read/write-capable), error log, HR, and CNT areas, and SR 252, bits 11 and 12 will be
cleared. The operation mode will go into Program Mode.
15 SRM1 CompoBus/S Communications Error Flag ---
AR 14 00 to 15 Maximum Cycle Time (4 digits BCD) 21
The longest cycle time since the beginning of operation is stored. It is cleared at the
beginning, and not at the end, of operation.
The units can be any of the following, depending on the setting of in DM 6618.
Default: 0.1 ms; “10 ms” setting: 0.1 ms; “100 ms” setting: 1 ms; “1 s” setting: 10 ms
AR 15 00 to 15 Current Cycle Time (4 digits BCD)
The most recent cycle time during operation is stored. The Current Cycle Time is not
cleared when operation stops.
The units can be any of the following, depending on the setting of in DM 6618.
Default: 0.1 ms; “10 ms” setting: 0.1 ms; “100 ms” setting: 1 ms; “1 s” setting: 10 ms

468
Appendix D
Using the Clock Function

The CQM1 can be provided with a clock function by installing a Memory Cassette equipped with a clock. This
appendix explains how to use the clock.
The following two Memory Cassettes are equipped with a clock:
CQM1-ME04R (EPROM) and CQM1-ME08R (EEPROM).

Data Area Words Used with the Clock

This following illustration shows the configuration of the words (AR 17 through AR 21) that are used with the clock.
These words can be read and used as required. AR 17 is provided so that the hour and minute can be accessed
quickly.
15 8 7 0
AR17 Hour Minute
AR18 Minute Second 2 digits BCD each.
(Only the last 2 digits of
AR19 Date Hour the year are displayed.)
AR20 Year Month
AR21 Day of week 00 to 06: Sunday to Saturday

AR2115 Clock Set Bit

AR2114 Clock Stop Bit
AR2113 30-Second Adjustment Bit

Setting the Time

To set the time, use a peripheral device as follows:
When Setting Everything
1, 2, 3... 1. Turn ON AR 2114 (Clock Stop Bit) to stop the clock.
2. Using a peripheral device, set AR 18 through AR 20 (minute/second, date/hour, and year/month)
and AR 2100 through AR 2107 (day of week).
3. Turn ON AR 2115 (Clock Set Bit) when the time set in step 2 is reached. The clock will start operat-
ing from the time that is set, and the Clock Stop Bit will turn OFF automatically. When the time set-
ting is complete, AR 2115 will also turn OFF automatically.
When Setting Only the Seconds
It is also possible, by using AR 2113, to simply set the seconds to “00” without going through a complicated proce-
dure. When AR 2113 is turned ON, the clock time will change as follows:
If the seconds setting is from 00 to 29, the seconds will be reset to “00” and the minute setting will remain the same.
If the seconds setting is from 30 to 59, the seconds will be reset to “00” and the minute setting will advance by one.
When the time setting is complete, AR 2113 will turn OFF automatically.
Note The time can be set easily using menu operations from a Programming Console or SSS. Refer to the CQM1
Operation Manual for the Programming Console procedure or to the SSS Operation Manual: C-series PCs
for the SSS procedure.

! Caution The clock will stop and the current date and time information will be lost if the
Memory Cassette is removed from the PC.

469
Appendix E
I/O Assignment Sheet

Name of system Produced by Verified by Authorized by

PC model Sheet no.

IR_ Unit no.: Model: IR_ Unit no.: Model:

00 00
01 01
02 02
03 03
04 04
05 05
06 06
07 07
08 08
09 09
10 10
11 11
12 12
13 13
14 14
15 15
IR_____ Unit no.: Model: IR_____ Unit no.: Model:
00 00
01 01
02 02
03 03
04 04
05 05
06 06
07 07
08 08
09 09
10 10
11 11
12 12
13 13
14 14
15 15

471
Appendix F
Program Coding Sheet

Name of system Produced by Verified by Authorized by

PC Chart no.

Address Instruction Function Operands

code
0 0
0 1
0 2
0 3
0 4
0 5
0 6
0 7
0 8
0 9
1 0
1 1
1 2
1 3
1 4
1 5
1 6
1 7
1 8
1 9
2 0
2 1
2 2
2 3
2 4
2 5
2 6
2 7
2 8
2 9
3 0
3 1
3 2
3 3

473
Program Coding Sheet Appendix F

Address Instruction Function Operands

code
3 4
3 5
3 6
3 7
3 8
3 9
4 0
4 1
4 2
4 3
4 4
4 5
4 6
4 7
4 8
4 9
5 0
5 1
5 2
5 3
5 4
5 5
5 6
5 7
5 8
5 9
6 0
6 1
6 2
6 3
6 4
6 5
6 6
6 7
6 8
6 9
7 0
7 1
7 2

474
Program Coding Sheet Appendix F

Address Instruction Function Operands

code
7 3
7 4
7 5
7 6
7 7
7 8
7 9
8 0
8 1
8 2
8 3
8 4
8 5
8 6
8 7
8 8
8 9
9 0
9 1
9 2
9 3
9 4
9 5
9 6
9 7
9 8
9 9

475
Appendix G
List of FAL Numbers

Name of system Produced by Verified by Authorized by

PC model Chart no.

FAL FAL contents Corrective measure FAL FAL contents Corrective measure
No. No.
00 35
01 36
02 37
03 38
04 39
05 40
06 41
07 42
08 43
09 44
10 45
11 46
12 47
13 48
14 49
15 50
16 51
17 52
18 53
19 54
20 55
21 56
22 57
23 58
24 59
25 60
26 61
27 62
28 63
29 64
30 65
31 66
32 67
33 68
34 69

477
List of FAL Numbers Appendix G

FAL FAL contents Corrective measure FAL FAL contents Corrective measure
No. No.
70 85
71 86
72 87
73 88
74 89
75 90
76 91
77 92
78 93
79 94
80 95
81 96
82 96
83 97
84 99

478
Appendix H
Extended ASCII

The following codes are used to output characters to the Programming Console or Data Access Console using
MSG(46) or FPD(––). Refer to pages 317 and 322 for details.
Right Left digit
digit 0, 1, 2 3 4 5 6 7 A B C D E F
8, 9
0 0 @ P ` p Ć @ P ` p
1 ! 1 A Q a q ! 1 A Q a q
2 " 2 B R b r " 2 B R b r
3 # 3 C S c s # 3 C S c s
4 $ 4 D T d t $ 4 D T d t
5 % 5 E U e u % 5 E U e u
6 & 6 F V f v & 6 F V f v
7 ' 7 G W g w ' 7 G W g w
8 ( 8 H X h x ( 8 H X h x
9 ) 9 I Y i y ) 9 I Y i y
A * : J Z j z * : J Z j z
B + ; K [ k { + ; K [ k {
C , < L \ l | , < L \ l |
D Ć = M ] m } Ć = M ] m }
E . > N ^ n ~ . > N ^ n
F / ? O _ o « / ? O _ o ~

479
Appendix I
CPM1/CPM1A and CQM1 Memory Area
Comparison

This table shows the differences between the CPM1/CPM1A and CQM1 memory areas.
Data area CPM1/CPM1A CQM1
IR area Input area IR 000 to IR 009 IR 000 to IR 015
Output area IR 010 to IR 019 IR 100 to IR 115
Work areas IR 200 to IR 231 IR 016 to IR 099
and special (IR 020 to IR 199 cannot IR 116 to IR 144
areas be used.)
SR area SR 232 to SR 255 SR 244 to SR 255
HR area HR 00 to HR 19 HR 00 to HR 99
(HR 20 to HR 99 cannot
be used.)
AR area AR 00 to AR 15 AR 00 to AR 27
(AR 16 to AR 27 cannot
be used.)
LR area LR 00 to LR 15 LR 00 to LR 63
(LR 16 to LR 63 cannot
be used.)
Timer/Counter area TC 000 to TC 127 TC 000 to TC 511
(TC 128 to TC 511 can-
not be used.)
DM area Read/write DM 0000 to DM 0999 DM 0000 to DM 1023
DM 1022 to DM 1023 DM 1024 to DM 6143
(DM 1024 to DM 6143
cannot be used.)
Error history DM 1000 to DM 1021 DM 6569 to DM 6599
Read-only DM 6144 to DM 6599 DM 6144 to DM 6568
PC Setup DM 6600 to DM 6655 DM 6600 to DM 6655

481
Glossary

*DM Indirectly addressed DM area. See indirect address and DM area.

1:1 link A link created between two PCs to create common data in their LR areas.
ACP See add count input.
add count input An input signal used to increment a counter when the signal changes from OFF
to ON.
address A number used to identify the location of data or programming instructions in
memory.
AND A logic operation whereby the result is true if and only if both premises are true.
In ladder-diagram programming the premises are usually ON/OFF states of bits
or the logical combination of such states called execution conditions.
area See data area and memory area.
area prefix A one or two letter prefix used to identify a memory area in the PC. All memory
areas except the IR and SR areas require prefixes to identify addresses in them.
arithmetic shift A shift operation wherein the carry flag is included in the shift.
ASCII Short for American Standard Code for Information Interchange. ASCII is used to
code characters for output to printers and other external devices.
AR Area A PC data area allocated to flags and control bits.
AUTOEXEC.BAT An MS DOS file containing commands automatically executed at startup.
back-up A copy made of existing data to ensure that the data will not be lost even if the
original data is corrupted or erased.
basic instruction A fundamental instruction used in a ladder diagram. See advanced instruction.
baud rate The data transmission speed between two devices in a system measured in bits
per second.
BCD See binary-coded decimal.
BCD calculation An arithmetic calculation that uses numbers expressed in binary-coded deci-
mal.
binary A number system where all numbers are expressed in base 2, i.e., numbers are
written using only 0’s and 1’s. Each group of four binary bits is equivalent to one
hexadecimal digit. Binary data in memory is thus often expressed in hexadeci-
mal for convenience.
binary calculation An arithmetic calculation that uses numbers expressed in binary.
binary-coded decimal A system used to represent numbers so that every four binary bits is numerically
equivalent to one decimal digit.
bit The smallest piece of information that can be represented on a computer. A bit
has the value of either zero or one, corresponding to the electrical signals ON
and OFF. A bit represents one binary digit. Some bits at particular addresses are
allocated to special purposes, such as holding the status of input from external
devices, while other bits are available for general use in programming.
bit address The location in memory where a bit of data is stored. A bit address specifies the
data area and word that is being addressed as well as the number of the bit with-
in the word.

483
Glossary

bit designator An operand that is used to designate the bit or bits of a word to be used by an
instruction.
bit number A number that indicates the location of a bit within a word. Bit 00 is the rightmost
(least-significant) bit; bit 15 is the leftmost (most-significant) bit.
bit-control instruction An instruction that is used to control the status of an individual bit as opposed to
the status of an entire word.
block See logic block and instruction block.
building-block PC A PC that is constructed from individual components, or “building blocks.” With
building-block PCs, there is no one Unit that is independently identifiable as a
PC. The PC is rather a functional assembly of Units.
bus A communications path used to pass data between any of the Units connected
to it.
bus bar The line leading down the left and sometimes right side of a ladder diagram.
Instruction execution proceeds down the bus bar, which is the starting point for
all instruction lines.
byte A unit of data equivalent to 8 bits, i.e., half a word.
call A process by which instruction execution shifts from the main program to a sub-
routine. The subroutine may be called by an instruction or by an interrupt.
Carry Flag A flag that is used with arithmetic operations to hold a carry from an addition or
multiplication operation, or to indicate that the result is negative in a subtraction
operation. The carry flag is also used with certain types of shift operations.
central processing unit A device that is capable of storing programs and data, and executing the instruc-
tions contained in the programs. In a PC System, the central processing unit
executes the program, processes I/O signals, communicates with external de-
vices, etc.
CH See word.
channel See word.
character code A numeric (usually binary) code used to represent an alphanumeric character.
checksum A sum transmitted with a data pack in communications. The checksum can be
recalculated from the received data to confirm that the data in the transmission
has not been corrupted.
clock pulse A pulse available at specific bits in memory for use in timing operations. Various
clock pulses are available with different pulse widths, and therefore different fre-
quencies.
clock pulse bit A bit in memory that supplies a pulse that can be used to time operations. Vari-
ous clock pulse bits are available with different pulse widths, and therefore differ-
ent frequencies.
common data Data that is stored in a memory of a PC and which is shared by other PCs in the
same the same system. Each PC has a specified section(s) of the area allocated
to it. Each PC writes to the section(s) allocated to it and reads the sections allo-
cated to the other PCs with which it shares the common data.
communications cable Cable used to transfer data between components of a control system and con-
forming to the RS-232C or RS-422 standards.
comparison instruction An instruction used to compare data at different locations in memory to deter-
mine the relationship between the data.

484
Glossary

Completion Flag A flag used with a timer or counter that turns ON when the timer has timed out or
the counter has reached its set value.
condition A symbol placed on an instruction line to indicate an instruction that controls the
execution condition for the terminal instruction. Each condition is assigned a bit
in memory that determines its status. The status of the bit assigned to each
condition determines the next execution condition. Conditions correspond to
LOAD, LOAD NOT, AND, AND NOT, OR, or OR NOT instructions.
CONFIG.SYS An MS DOS file containing environment settings for a personal computer.
constant An input for an operand in which the actual numeric value is specified. Constants
can be input for certain operands in place of memory area addresses. Some op-
erands must be input as constants.
control bit A bit in a memory area that is set either through the program or via a Program-
ming Device to achieve a specific purpose, e.g., a Restart Bit is turned ON and
OFF to restart a Unit.
control data An operand that specifies how an instruction is to be executed. The control data
may specify the part of a word is to be used as the operand, it may specify the
destination for a data transfer instructions, it may specify the size of a data table
used in an instruction, etc.
control signal A signal sent from the PC to effect the operation of the controlled system.
Control System All of the hardware and software components used to control other devices. A
Control System includes the PC System, the PC programs, and all I/O devices
that are used to control or obtain feedback from the controlled system.
controlled system The devices that are being controlled by a PC System.
count pulse The signal counted by a counter.
counter A dedicated group of digits or words in memory used to count the number of
times a specific process has occurred, or a location in memory accessed
through a TIM/CNT bit and used to count the number of times the status of a bit
or an execution condition has changed from OFF to ON.
CPU See central processing unit.
CTS An acronym for clear-to-send, a signal used in communications between elec-
tronic devices to indicate that the receiver is ready to accept incoming data.
CY See Carry Flag.
cycle One unit of processing performed by the CPU, including ladder program execu-
tion, peripheral servicing, I/O refreshing, etc.
cycle time The time required to complete one cycle of CPU processing.
cyclic interrupt See scheduled interrupt.
data area An area in the PC’s memory that is designed to hold a specific type of data.
data area boundary The highest address available within a data area. When designating an operand
that requires multiple words, it is necessary to ensure that the highest address in
the data area is not exceeded.
data disk A floppy disk used to same user programs, DM area contents, comments, and
other user data.
data length In communications, the number of bits that is to be treated as one unit in data
transmissions.

485
Glossary

data link An automatic data transmission operation that allows PCs or Units within PC to
pass data back and forth via common data areas.
data link area A common data area established through a data link.
data movement instruction An instruction used to move data from one location in memory to another. The
data in the original memory location is left unchanged.
data sharing The process in which common data areas or common data words are created
between two or more PCs.
data trace A process in which changes in the contents of specific memory locations are re-
corded during program execution.
data transfer Moving data from one memory location to another, either within the same device
or between different devices connected via a communications line or network.
debug A process by which a draft program is corrected until it operates as intended.
Debugging includes both the removal of syntax errors, as well as the fine-tuning
of timing and coordination of control operations.
decimal A number system where numbers are expressed to the base 10. In a PC all data
is ultimately stored in binary form, four binary bits are often used to represent
one decimal digit, via a system called binary-coded decimal.
decrement Decreasing a numeric value, usually by 1.
default A value automatically set by the PC when the user does not specifically set
another value. Many devices will assume such default conditions upon the ap-
plication of power.
definer A number used as an operand for an instruction but that serves to define the
instruction itself, rather that the data on which the instruction is to operate. Defin-
ers include jump numbers, subroutine numbers, etc.
destination The location where an instruction places the data on which it is operating, as op-
posed to the location from which data is taken for use in the instruction. The loca-
tion from which data is taken is called the source.
differentiated instruction An instruction that is executed only once each time its execution condition goes
from OFF to ON. Non-differentiated instructions are executed for each scan as
long as the execution condition stays ON.
differentiation instruction An instruction used to ensure that the operand bit is never turned ON for more
than one scan after the execution condition goes either from OFF to ON for a
Differentiate Up instruction or from ON to OFF for a Differentiate Down instruc-
tion.
digit A unit of storage in memory that consists of four bits.
digit designator An operand that is used to designate the digit or digits of a word to be used by an
instruction.
DIN track A rail designed to fit into grooves on various devices to allow the devices to be
quickly and easily mounted to it.
DIP switch Dual in-line package switch, an array of pins in a signal package that is mounted
to a circuit board and is used to set operating parameters.
direct output A method in which program execution results are output immediately to elimi-
nate the affects of the cycle time.
distributed control A automation concept in which control of each portion of an automated system is
located near the devices actually being controlled, i.e., control is decentralized

486
Glossary

and ‘distributed’ over the system. Distributed control is a concept basic to PC

Systems.

DM area A data area used to hold only word data. Words in the DM area cannot be ac-
cessed bit by bit.

DM word A word in the DM area.

downloading The process of transferring a program or data from a higher-level or host com-
puter to a lower-level or slave computer. If a Programming Device is involved,
the Programming Device is considered the host computer.

EEPROM Electrically erasable programmable read-only memory; a type of ROM in which

stored data can be erased and reprogrammed. This is accomplished using a
special control lead connected to the EEPROM chip and can be done without
having to remove the EEPROM chip from the device in which it is mounted.

electrical noise Random variations of one or more electrical characteristics such as voltage, cur-
rent, and data, which might interfere with the normal operation of a device.

EPROM Erasable programmable read-only memory; a type of ROM in which stored data
can be erased, by ultraviolet light or other means, and reprogrammed.

error code A numeric code generated to indicate that an error exists, and something about
the nature of the error. Some error codes are generated by the system; others
are defined in the program by the operator.

Error Log Area An area used to store records indicating the time and nature of errors that have
occurred in the system.

even parity A communication setting that adjusts the number of ON bits so that it is always
even. See parity.

event processing Processing that is performed in response to an event, e.g., an interrupt signal.

exclusive NOR A logic operation whereby the result is true if both of the premises are true or both
of the premises are false. In ladder-diagram programming, the premises are
usually the ON/OFF states of bits, or the logical combination of such states,
called execution conditions.

exclusive OR A logic operation whereby the result is true if one, and only one, of the premises
is true. In ladder-diagram programming the premises are usually the ON/OFF
states of bits, or the logical combination of such states, called execution condi-
tions.

execution condition The ON or OFF status under which an instruction is executed. The execution
condition is determined by the logical combination of conditions on the same
instruction line and up to the instruction currently being executed.

execution cycle The cycle used to execute all processes required by the CPU, including program
execution, I/O refreshing, peripheral servicing, etc.

execution time The time required for the CPU to execute either an individual instruction or an
entire program.

extended counter A counter created in a program by using two or more count instructions in suc-
cession. Such a counter is capable of counting higher than any of the standard
counters provided by the individual instructions.

extended timer A timer created in a program by using two or more timers in succession. Such a
timer is capable of timing longer than any of the standard timers provided by the
individual instructions.

487
Glossary

FA Factory automation.

factory computer A general-purpose computer, usually quite similar to a business computer, that
is used in automated factory control.

FAL error An error generated from the user program by execution of an FAL(06) instruc-
tion.

FALS error An error generated from the user program by execution of an FALS(07) instruc-
tion or an error generated by the system.

fatal error An error that stops PC operation and requires correction before operation can
continue.

FCS See frame checksum.

flag A dedicated bit in memory that is set by the system to indicate some type of oper-
ating status. Some flags, such as the carry flag, can also be set by the operator
or via the program.

flicker bit A bit that is programmed to turn ON and OFF at a specific frequency.

floating-point decimal A decimal number expressed as a number (the mantissa) multiplied by a power
of 10, e.g., 0.538 x 10–5.

force reset The process of forcibly turning OFF a bit via a programming device. Bits are usu-
ally turned OFF as a result of program execution.

force set The process of forcibly turning ON a bit via a programming device. Bits are usu-
ally turned ON as a result of program execution.

forced status The status of bits that have been force reset or force set.

frame checksum The results of exclusive ORing all data within a specified calculation range. The
frame checksum can be calculated on both the sending and receiving end of a
data transfer to confirm that data was transmitted correctly.

function code A two-digit number used to input an instruction into the PC.

hardware error An error originating in the hardware structure (electronic components) of the PC,
as opposed to a software error, which originates in software (i.e., programs).

header code A code in an instruction that specifies what the instruction is to do.

hexadecimal A number system where all numbers are expressed to the base 16. In a PC all
data is ultimately stored in binary form, however, displays and inputs on Pro-
gramming Devices are often expressed in hexadecimal to simplify operation.
Each group of four binary bits is numerically equivalent to one hexadecimal digit.

host computer A computer that is used to transfer data to or receive data from a PC in a Host
Link system. The host computer is used for data management and overall sys-
tem control. Host computers are generally small personal or business comput-
ers.

host interface An interface that allows communications with a host computer.

host link An interface connecting a PC to a host computer to enable monitoring or pro-

gram control from the host computer.

HR area A memory area that preserves bit status during power interrupts and used as
work bits in programming.

I/O bit A bit in memory used to hold I/O status. Input bits reflect the status of input termi-
nals; output bits hold the status for output terminals.

488
Glossary

I/O capacity The number of inputs and outputs that a PC is able to handle. This number
ranges from around one hundred for smaller PCs to two thousand for the largest
ones.

I/O delay The delay in time from when a signal is sent to an output to when the status of the
output is actually in effect or the delay in time from when the status of an input
changes until the signal indicating the change in the status is received.

I/O device A device connected to the I/O terminals on I/O Units. I/O devices may be either
part of the Control System, if they function to help control other devices, or they
may be part of the controlled system.

I/O interrupt An interrupt generated by a signal from I/O.

I/O point The place at which an input signal enters the PC System, or at which an output
signal leaves the PC System. In physical terms, I/O points correspond to termi-
nals or connector pins on a Unit; in terms of programming, an I/O points corre-
spond to I/O bits in the IR area.

I/O refreshing The process of updating output status sent to external devices so that it agrees
with the status of output bits held in memory and of updating input bits in memory
so that they agree with the status of inputs from external devices.

I/O response time The time required for an output signal to be sent from the PC in response to an
input signal received from an external device.

I/O Unit The Units in a PC that are physically connected to I/O devices to input and output
signals. I/O Units include Input Units and Output Units, each of which is available
in a range of specifications.

I/O word A word in the IR area that is allocated to a Unit in the PC System and is used to
hold I/O status for that Unit.

IBM PC/AT or compatible A computer that has similar architecture to, that is logically compatible with, and
that can run software designed for an IBM PC/AT computer.

increment Increasing a numeric value, usually by 1.

indirect address An address whose contents indicates another address. The contents of the se-
cond address will be used as the actual operand.

initialization error An error that occurs either in hardware or software during the PC System start-
up, i.e., during initialization.

initialize Part of the startup process whereby some memory areas are cleared, system
setup is checked, and default values are set.

input The signal coming from an external device into the PC. The term input is often
used abstractly or collectively to refer to incoming signals.

input bit A bit in the IR area that is allocated to hold the status of an input.

input device An external device that sends signals into the PC System.

input point The point at which an input enters the PC System. Input points correspond
physically to terminals or connector pins.

input signal A change in the status of a connection entering the PC. Generally an input signal
is said to exist when, for example, a connection point goes from low to high volt-
age or from a nonconductive to a conductive state.

install The preparation necessary to use a program or software package, such as the
LSS or SSS, on a computer.

489
Glossary

instruction A direction given in the program that tells the PC of the action to be carried out,
and the data to be used in carrying out the action. Instructions can be used to
simply turn a bit ON or OFF, or they can perform much more complex actions,
such as converting and/or transferring large blocks of data.

instruction block A group of instructions that is logically related in a ladder-diagram program. A

logic block includes all of the instruction lines that interconnect with each other
from one or more line connecting to the left bus bar to one or more right-hand
instructions connecting to the right bus bar.

instruction execution time The time required to execute an instruction. The execution time for any one
instruction can vary with the execution conditions for the instruction and the op-
erands used in it.

instruction line A group of conditions that lie together on the same horizontal line of a ladder dia-
gram. Instruction lines can branch apart or join together to form instruction
blocks. Also called a rung.

interface An interface is the conceptual boundary between systems or devices and usual-
ly involves changes in the way the communicated data is represented. Interface
devices perform operations like changing the coding, format, or speed of the
data.

interlock A programming method used to treat a number of instructions as a group so that

the entire group can be reset together when individual execution is not required.
An interlocked program section is executed normally for an ON execution condi-
tion and partially reset for an OFF execution condition.

interrupt (signal) A signal that stops normal program execution and causes a subroutine to be run
or other processing to take place.

interrupt program A program that is executed in response to an interrupt.

inverse condition See normally closed condition.

JIS An acronym for Japanese Industrial Standards.

jump A type of programming where execution moves directly from one point in a pro-
gram to another, without sequentially executing any instructions in between.

jump number A definer used with a jump that defines the points from and to which a jump is to
be made.

ladder diagram (program) A form of program arising out of relay-based control systems that uses circuit-
type diagrams to represent the logic flow of programming instructions. The ap-
pearance of the program is similar to a ladder, and thus the name.

ladder diagram symbol A symbol used in drawing a ladder-diagram program.

ladder instruction An instruction that represents the conditions on a ladder-diagram program. The
other instructions in a ladder diagram fall along the right side of the diagram and
are called terminal instructions.

Ladder Support Software A software package installed on a IBM PC/AT or compatible computer to func-
tion as a Programming Device.

least-significant (bit/word) See rightmost (bit/word).

LED Acronym for light-emitting diode; a device used as for indicators or displays.

leftmost (bit/word) The highest numbered bits of a group of bits, generally of an entire word, or the
highest numbered words of a group of words. These bits/words are often called
most-significant bits/words.

490
Glossary

link A hardware or software connection formed between two Units. “Link” can refer
either to a part of the physical connection between two Units or a software con-
nection created to data existing at another location (i.e., data links).

load The processes of copying data either from an external device or from a storage
area to an active portion of the system such as a display buffer. Also, an output
device connected to the PC is called a load.

logic block A group of instructions that is logically related in a ladder-diagram program and
that requires logic block instructions to relate it to other instructions or logic
blocks.

logic block instruction An instruction used to locally combine the execution condition resulting from a
logic block with a current execution condition. The current execution condition
could be the result of a single condition, or of another logic block. AND Load and
OR Load are the two logic block instructions.

logic instruction Instructions used to logically combine the content of two words and output the
logical results to a specified result word. The logic instructions combine all the
same-numbered bits in the two words and output the result to the bit of the same
number in the specified result word.

LR area A data area that is used in data links.

LSS See Ladder Support Software.

main program All of a program except for subroutine and interrupt programs.

mark trace A process in which changes in the contents of specific memory locations are re-
corded during program execution.

masked bit A bit whose status has been temporarily made ineffective.

masking ‘Covering’ an interrupt signal so that the interrupt is not effective until the mask is
removed.

megabyte A unit of storage equal to one million bytes.

memory area Any of the areas in the PC used to hold data or programs.

message number A number assigned to a message generated with the MESSAGE instruction.

mnemonic code A form of a ladder-diagram program that consists of a sequential list of the
instructions without using a ladder diagram.

MONITOR mode A mode of PC operation in which normal program execution is possible, and
which allows modification of data held in memory. Used for monitoring or debug-
ging the PC.

most-significant (bit/word) See leftmost (bit/word).

NC input An input that is normally closed, i.e., the input signal is considered to be present
when the circuit connected to the input opens.

negative delay A delay set for a data trace in which recording data begins before the trace signal
by a specified amount.

nesting Programming one loop within another loop, programming a call to a subroutine
within another subroutine, or programming one jump within another.

NO input An input that is normally open, i.e., the input signal is considered to be present
when the circuit connected to the input closes.

noise interference Disturbances in signals caused by electrical noise.

491
Glossary

nonfatal error A hardware or software error that produces a warning but does not stop the PC
from operating.

normal condition See normally open condition.

normally closed condition A condition that produces an ON execution condition when the bit assigned to it
is OFF, and an OFF execution condition when the bit assigned to it is ON.

normally open condition A condition that produces an ON execution condition when the bit assigned to it
is ON, and an OFF execution condition when the bit assigned to it is OFF.

NOT A logic operation which inverts the status of the operand. For example, AND
NOT indicates an AND operation with the opposite of the actual status of the op-
erand bit.

OFF The status of an input or output when a signal is said not to be present. The OFF
state is generally represented by a low voltage or by non-conductivity, but can be
defined as the opposite of either.

OFF delay The delay between the time when a signal is switched OFF (e.g., by an input
device or PC) and the time when the signal reaches a state readable as an OFF
signal (i.e., as no signal) by a receiving party (e.g., output device or PC).

offset A positive or negative value added to a base value such as an address to specify
a desired value.

ON The status of an input or output when a signal is said to be present. The ON state
is generally represented by a high voltage or by conductivity, but can be defined
as the opposite of either.

ON delay The delay between the time when an ON signal is initiated (e.g., by an input de-
vice or PC) and the time when the signal reaches a state readable as an ON sig-
nal by a receiving party (e.g., output device or PC).

one-shot bit A bit that is turned ON or OFF for a specified interval of time which is longer than
one scan.

one-to-one link See 1:1 link.

online edit The process of changed the program directly in the PC from a Programming De-
vice. Online editing is possible in PROGRAM or MONITOR mode. In MONITOR
mode, the program can actually be changed while it is being

operand The values designated as the data to be used for an instruction. An operand can
be input as a constant expressing the actual numeric value to be used or as an
address to express the location in memory of the data to be used.

operand bit A bit designated as an operand for an instruction.

operand word A word designated as an operand for an instruction.

operating modes One of three PC modes: PROGRAM mode, MONITOR mode, and RUN mode.

operating error An error that occurs during actual PC operation as opposed to an initialization
error, which occurs before actual operations can begin.

OR A logic operation whereby the result is true if either of two premises is true, or if
both are true. In ladder-diagram programming the premises are usually ON/OFF
states of bits or the logical combination of such states called execution condi-
tions.

output The signal sent from the PC to an external device. The term output is often used
abstractly or collectively to refer to outgoing signals.

492
Glossary

output bit A bit in the IR area that is allocated to hold the status to be sent to an output de-
vice.

output device An external device that receives signals from the PC System.

output point The point at which an output leaves the PC System. Output points correspond
physically to terminals or connector pins.

output signal A signal being sent to an external device. Generally an output signal is said to
exist when, for example, a connection point goes from low to high voltage or from
a nonconductive to a conductive state.

overflow The state where the capacity of a data storage location has been exceeded.

overseeing Part of the processing performed by the CPU that includes general tasks re-
quired to operate the PC.

overwrite Changing the content of a memory location so that the previous content is lost.

parity Adjustment of the number of ON bits in a word or other unit of data so that the
total is always an even number or always an odd number. Parity is generally
used to check the accuracy of data after being transmitted by confirming that the
number of ON bits is still even or still odd.

parity check Checking parity to ensure that transmitted data has not been corrupted.

PC See Programmable Controller.

PC configuration The arrangement and interconnections of the Units that are put together to form
a functional PC.

PC System With building-block PCs, all of the Units connected up to, but not including, the
I/O devices. The boundaries of a PC System are the PC and the program in its
CPU at the upper end; and the I/O Units at the lower end.

PCB See printed circuit board.

PC Setup A group of operating parameters set in the PC from a Programming Device to

control PC operation.

Peripheral Device Devices connected to a PC System to aid in system operation. Peripheral de-
vices include printers, programming devices, external storage media, etc.

peripheral servicing Processing signals to and from peripheral devices, including refreshing, com-
munications processing, interrupts, etc.

port A connector on a PC or computer that serves as a connection to an external de-

vice.

positive delay A delay set for a data trace in which recording data begins after the trace signal
by a specified amount.

Power Supply Unit A Unit that connected to a PC that provides power at the voltage required by the
other Units.

present value The current value registered in a device at any instant during its operation. Pres-
ent value is abbreviated as PV. The use of this term is generally restricted to tim-
ers and counters.

printed circuit board A board onto which electrical circuits are printed for mounting into a computer or
electrical device.

PROGRAM mode A mode of operation that allows inputting and debugging of programs to be car-
ried out, but that does not permit normal execution of the program.

493
Glossary

Programmable Controller A computerized device that can accept inputs from external devices and gener-
ate outputs to external devices according to a program held in memory. Pro-
grammable Controllers are used to automate control of external devices. Al-
though single-unit Programmable Controllers are available, building-block Pro-
grammable Controllers are constructed from separate components. Such Pro-
grammable Controllers are formed only when enough of these separate compo-
nents are assembled to form a functional assembly.

programmed alarm An alarm given as a result of execution of an instruction designed to generate the
alarm in the program, as opposed to one generated by the system.

programmed error An error arising as a result of the execution of an instruction designed to gener-
ate the error in the program, as opposed to one generated by the system.

programmed message A message generated as a result of execution of an instruction designed to gen-

erate the message in the program, as opposed to one generated by the system.

Programming Console The portable form of Programming Device for a PC.

Programming Device A Peripheral Device used to input a program into a PC or to alter or monitor a
program already held in the PC. There are dedicated programming devices,
such as Programming Consoles, and there are non-dedicated devices, such as
a host computer.

PROM Programmable read-only memory; a type of ROM into which the program or
data may be written after manufacture, by a customer, but which is fixed from
that time on.

prompt A message or symbol that appears on a display to request input from the opera-
tor.

protocol The parameters and procedures that are standardized to enable two devices to
communicate or to enable a programmer or operator to communicate with a de-
vice.

PV See present value.

RAM Random access memory; a data storage media. RAM will not retain data when
power is disconnected.

RAS An acronym for reliability, assurance, safety.

read-only area A memory area from which the user can read status but to which data cannot be
written.

refresh The process of updating output status sent to external devices so that it agrees
with the status of output bits held in memory and of updating input bits in memory
so that they agree with the status of inputs from external devices.

relay-based control The forerunner of PCs. In relay-based control, groups of relays are intercon-
nected to form control circuits. In a PC, these are replaced by programmable cir-
cuits.

reserved bit A bit that is not available for user application.

reserved word A word in memory that is reserved for a special purpose and cannot be accessed
by the user.

reset The process of turning a bit or signal OFF or of changing the present value of a
timer or counter to its set value or to zero.

response code A code sent with the response to a data transmission that specifies how the
transmitted data was processed.

494
Glossary

response format A format specifying the data required in a response to a data transmission.

response monitoring time The time a device will wait for a response to a data transmission before assum-
ing that an error has occurred.

Restart Bit A bit used to restart part of a PC.

result word A word used to hold the results from the execution of an instruction.

retrieve The processes of copying data either from an external device or from a storage
area to an active portion of the system such as a display buffer. Also, an output
device connected to the PC is called a load.

retry The process whereby a device will re-transmit data which has resulted in an er-
ror message from the receiving device.

return The process by which instruction execution shifts from a subroutine back to the
main program (usually the point from which the subroutine was called).

reversible counter A counter that can be both incremented and decremented depending on the
specified conditions.

reversible shift register A shift register that can shift data in either direction depending on the specified
conditions.

right-hand instruction See terminal instruction.

rightmost (bit/word) The lowest numbered bits of a group of bits, generally of an entire word, or the
lowest numbered words of a group of words. These bits/words are often called
least-significant bits/words.

rising edge The point where a signal actually changes from an OFF to an ON status.

ROM Read only memory; a type of digital storage that cannot be written to. A ROM
chip is manufactured with its program or data already stored in it and can never
be changed. However, the program or data can be read as many times as de-
sired.

rotate register A shift register in which the data moved out from one end is placed back into the
shift register at the other end.

RS-232C interface An industry standard for serial communications.

RUN mode The operating mode used by the PC for normal control operations.

rung See instruction line.

scan The process used to execute a ladder-diagram program. The program is ex-
amined sequentially from start to finish and each instruction is executed in turn
based on execution conditions.

scan time See cycle time.

scheduled interrupt An interrupt that is automatically generated by the system at a specific time or
program location specified by the operator. Scheduled interrupts result in the
execution of specific subroutines that can be used for instructions that must be
executed repeatedly at a specified interval of time.

SCP See subtract count input.

seal See self-maintaining bit.

self diagnosis A process whereby the system checks its own operation and generates a warn-
ing or error if an abnormality is discovered.

495
Glossary

self-maintaining bit A bit that is programmed to maintain either an OFF or ON status until set or reset
by specified conditions.

series A wiring method in which Units are wired consecutively in a string.

servicing The process whereby the PC checks a connector or Unit to see if special proces-
sing is required.

set The process of turning a bit or signal ON.

set value The value from which a decrementing counter starts counting down or to which
an incrementing counter counts up (i.e., the maximum count), or the time from
which or for which a timer starts timing. Set value is abbreviated SV.

shift input signal An input signal whose OFF to ON transition causes data to be shifted one bit.

shift register One or more words in which data is shifted a specified number of units to the right
or left in bit, digit, or word units. In a rotate register, data shifted out one end is
shifted back into the other end. In other shift registers, new data (either specified
data, zero(s) or one(s)) is shifted into one end and the data shifted out at the oth-
er end is lost.

signed binary A binary value that is stored in memory along with a bit that indicates whether the
value is positive or negative.

software error An error that originates in a software program.

software protect A means of protecting data from being changed that uses software as opposed
to a physical switch or other hardware setting.

source (word) The location from which data is taken for use in an instruction, as opposed to the
location to which the result of an instruction is to be written. The latter is called
the destination.

special instruction An instruction input with a function code that handles data processing opera-
tions within ladder diagrams, as opposed to a basic instruction, which makes up
the fundamental portion of a ladder diagram.

SR area A memory area containing flags and other bits/words with specific functions.

SSS See SYSMAC Support Software.

store The process of recording a program written into a display buffer permanently in
memory.

subroutine A group of instructions placed separate from the main program and executed
only when called from the main program or activated by an interrupt.

subroutine number A definer used to identify the subroutine that a subroutine call or interrupt acti-
vates.

subtract count input An input signal used to decrement a counter when the signal changes from OFF
to ON.

SV See set value.

switching capacity The maximum voltage/current that a relay can safely switch on and off.

synchronous execution Execution of programs and servicing operations in which program execution
and servicing are synchronized so that all servicing operations are executed
each time the programs are executed.

syntax The form of a program statement (as opposed to its meaning).

496
Glossary

syntax error An error in the way in which a program is written. Syntax errors can include
‘spelling’ mistakes (i.e., a function code that does not exist), mistakes in specify-
ing operands within acceptable parameters (e.g., specifying read-only bits as a
destination), and mistakes in actual application of instructions (e.g., a call to a
subroutine that does not exist).

SYSMAC Support Software A software package installed on a IBM PC/AT or compatible computer to func-
tion as a Programming Device.

system configuration The arrangement in which Units in a System are connected. This term refers to
the conceptual arrangement and wiring together of all the devices needed to
comprise the System.

system error An error generated by the system, as opposed to one resulting from execution of
an instruction designed to generate an error.

system error message An error message generated by the system, as opposed to one resulting from
execution of an instruction designed to generate a message.

system setup Operating environment settings for a Programming Device, e.g., the LSS or
SSS.

terminal instruction An instruction placed on the right side of a ladder diagram that uses the final
execution conditions of an instruction line.

timer A location in memory accessed through a TIM/CNT bit and used to time down
from the timer’s set value. Timers are turned ON and reset according to their
execution conditions.

TR area A data area used to store execution conditions so that they can be reloaded later
for use with other instructions.

TR bit A bit in the TR area.

trace An operation whereby the program is executed and the resulting data is stored to
enable step-by-step analysis and debugging.

trace memory A memory area used to store the results of trace operations.

transfer The process of moving data from one location to another within the PC, or be-
tween the PC and external devices. When data is transferred, generally a copy
of the data is sent to the destination, i.e., the content of the source of the transfer
is not changed.

transmission distance The distance that a signal can be transmitted.

trigger A signal used to activate some process, e.g., the execution of a trace operation.

trigger address An address in the program that defines the beginning point for tracing. The actu-
al beginning point can be altered from the trigger by defining either a positive or
negative delay.

UM area The memory area used to hold the active program, i.e., the program that is being
currently executed.

Unit In OMRON PC terminology, the word Unit is capitalized to indicate any product
sold for a PC System. Most of the names of these products end with the word
Unit.

unit number A number assigned to some Units to facilitate identification when assigning
words or other operating parameters.

unmasked bit A bit whose status is effective. See masked bit.

497
Glossary

unsigned binary A binary value that is stored in memory without any indication of whether it is
positive or negative.

uploading The process of transferring a program or data from a lower-level or slave com-
puter to a higher-level or host computer. If a Programming Devices is involved,
the Programming Device is considered the host computer.

watchdog timer A timer within the system that ensures that the scan time stays within specified
limits. When limits are reached, either warnings are given or PC operation is
stopped depending on the particular limit that is reached.

WDT See watchdog timer.

word A unit of data storage in memory that consists of 16 bits. All data areas consists
of words. Some data areas can be accessed only by words; others, by either
words or bits.

word address The location in memory where a word of data is stored. A word address must
specify (sometimes by default) the data area and the number of the word that is
being addressed.

work area A part of memory containing work words/bits.

work bit A bit in a work word.

work word A word that can be used for data calculation or other manipulation in program-
ming, i.e., a ‘work space’ in memory. A large portion of the IR area is always re-
served for work words. Parts of other areas not required for special purposes
may also be used as work words.

write protect switch A switch used to write-protect the contents of a storage device, e.g., a floppy
disk. If the hole on the upper left of a floppy disk is open, the information on this
floppy disk cannot be altered.

write-protect A state in which the contents of a storage device can be read but cannot be al-
tered.

498
Index

cycle time (CPM1/CPM1A)

A–B calculating, 401
effects on operations, 401
ACC(––), 22, 25, 26, 30 processes, 401
ADBL(––), 113 cycle time (CQM1)
calculating, 383
address tracing. See tracing, data tracing.
effects on operations, 384
advanced I/O instructions processes, 383
7-SEGMENT DISPLAY OUTPUT, 125 cycle time (minimum), PC Setup settings, 18
DIGITAL SWITCH INPUT, 122
functions, 118 cycle time (SRM1)
HEXADECIMAL KEY INPUT, 120 calculating, 412
effects on operations, 412
TEN-KEY INPUT, 118
processes, 412
using alternate I/O bits, 127
analog volume controls. See analog settings
arithmetic flags, 113, 185 D
ASCII, converting data, 262, 263 data
decrementing, 312
bits, controlling, 197
incrementing, 311
data tracing, 315–340
DBS(––), 113
C DBSL(––), 113
check levels, program checks, 425 decrementing. See data

checksum, calculating frame checksum, 321 definers, definition, 184

Differential Monitor, function, 129
clock, 469
differentiated instructions, 186
communication errors, 428 function codes, 184
communications
CQM1 PC Setup, 88
host link, node number (CQM1), 89
host link (CPM1/CPM1A), 93
E
host link (CQM1), 91 EEPROM ICs. See Memory Cassettes
host link (SRM1), 95 end code, host link response end codes, 432
link
NT Link (CPM1/CPM1A), 103 end codes, host link response codes, 355
NT Link (SRM1), 106 error codes, programming, 205
one-to-one (CPM1/CPM1A), 101
error log, PC Setup settings, 21
one-to-one (CQM1), 100
one-to-one (SRM1), 104 error log area, 426
one-to-one (CQM1), 89 error messages, programming, 317
RS-232C (CQM1/SRM1), 98
standard (CQM1). See settings errors
types, 87, 88 1:1 links (CQM1), 101
wiring, 91 communications, 428
fatal, 429
communications functions, 87 general, 424
non-fatal, 427
constants, operands, 185 other, 430
counters programming, 425
conditions when reset, 210, 212 Programming Console operations, 424
creating extended timers, 211 programming messages, 317
reversible counters, 211 resetting, 205
types, 424
CTBL(63), 22, 27 user-defined errors, 426
cycle monitor time, PC Setup settings, 21 execution condition, definition, 154

499
Index

500
Index

initialization processes, CPM1/CPM1A, 400 HKY(––), 347

HTS(65), 271
input interrupts, CPM1/CPM1A, 69
IL(02), 170, 201–203
input time constants, PC Setup settings, 19 ILC(03), 170, 201–203
inputs, quick-response inputs (CPM1/CPM1A), 131 INC(38), 311
INI(61), 26, 37, 220
instruction set, 441 INT(89), 44, 73, 326
7SEG(88), 345 IORF(97), 318
ACC(––), 22, 25, 26, 30, 334 JME(05), 203
ADB(50), 289 JMP(04), 203
ADBL(––), 113 JMP(04) and JME(05), 172
ADD(30), 278 KEEP(11), 199
ADDL(54), 283 in controlling bit status, 174
AND, 156, 196 ladder instructions, 155
combining with OR, 157 LD, 156, 196
AND LD, 159, 197 LD NOT, 156, 196
combining with OR LD, 162 MAX(––), 300
use in logic blocks, 161 MBS(––), 113, 296
AND NOT, 156, 196 MBSL(––), 113, 297
ANDW(34), 309 MCMP(19), 247
ASC(86), 262 MCRO(99), 319
ASFT(17), 230 MIN(––), 301
ASL(25), 225 MLB(52), 291
ASR(26), 226 MLPX(76), 255
AVG(––), 302 MOV(21), 232
BCD(24), 253 MOVB(82), 239
BCDL(59), 254 MOVD(83), 240
BCMP(68), 244 MSG(46), 317
BCNT(67), 320 MUL(32), 281
BIN(23), 252 MULL(56), 286
BINL(58), 254 MVN(22), 232
BSET(71), 234 NEG(––), 113
CLC(41), 278 NEGL(––), 113
CMP(20), 242 NOP(00), 201
CMPL(60), 246 NOT, 153
CNT, 210 operands, 152
CNTR(12), 211 OR, 157, 196
COLL(81), 237 combining with AND, 157
COM(29), 308 OR LD, 160, 197
CPS(––), 248 combining with AND LD, 162
CPSL(––), 249 use in logic blocks, 161
CTBL(63), 22, 27, 215 OR NOT, 157, 196
CTW(––), 273 ORW(35), 309
DBS(––), 113, 298 OUT, 158, 197
DBSL(––), 113, 299 OUT NOT, 158, 197
DEC(39), 312 PID(––), 338
DIFD(14), 174, 200–209 PLS2(––), 22, 25, 26, 29, 332
using in interlocks, 202 PMW(––), 32
using in jumps, 204 PRV(62), 34, 65, 221
DIFU(13), 174, 200–209 PULS(65), 23, 26, 27, 36, 328
using in interlocks, 202 PWM(––), 336
using in jumps, 204 RESET, 173
DIST(80), 235 RET(93), 38, 315
DIV(33), 282 ROL(27), 226
DIVL(57), 287 ROOT(72), 288
DMPX(77), 257 ROR(28), 227
DSW(––), 21 RSET, 198–199
DSW(87), 346 RXD(47), 110, 340
DVB(53), 292 SBB(51), 290
END(01), 159, 201 SBBL(––), 113
FAL(06), 205 SBN(92), 67, 315
FALS(07), 205 SBS(91), 313
FCS(––), 321 SCL(66), 266
FPD(––), 322 SCL2(––), 268
HEX(––), 263 SCL3(––), 269

501
Index

SDEC(78), 259 interrupt processing

SET, 173, 198–199 calculating response time
SFT(10), 224 CPM1/CPM1A, 405
SFTR(84), 229 CQM1, 389
SLD(74), 228 masking
SNXT(09), 206 CPM1/CPM1A, 405
SPED(64), 23, 25, 26, 27, 28, 36, 330 CQM1, 388
SRCH(––), 337 SRM1, 416
SRD(75), 228 timing (CPM1/CPM1A), 405
STC(40), 278 timing (CQM1), 388
STEP(08), 206 timing (SRM1), 416
STH(––), 272 interrupts
STIM(69), 45, 213 control, 326
STUP(––), 344 high-speed counter, programming, 80
SUB(31), 279 input, parameters (CQM1), 39
SUBL(55), 285 types (CQM1), 38
SUM(––), 303
interrupts (CPM1/CPM1A)
TCMP(85), 243
counter mode, 72
terminology, 152
high-speed counter, 76
TIM, 209 overflows and overflows, 77
TIMH(15), 212 input interrupt mode, 70
TKY(18), 347 input interrupts, 69
TRSM(45), 315 interval timers, 74
TXD(48), 110, 342 masking, 73
VCAL(––), 305 setting modes, 70
WSFT(16), 225 types, 67
WTC(––), 274 unmasking, 74
XCHG(73), 235
XFER(70), 233 interrupts (CPM1CPM1A), interval timers, scheduled interrupt
mode, 74
XFRB(––), 241
XNRW(37), 311 interrupts (CQM1)
XORW(36), 310 absolute high-speed counters
ZCP(––), 250 CQM1-CPU44-E, 62
ZCPL(––), 252 programming, 63
counter mode, 41
instruction sets high-speed counter
ADBL(––), 293 overflows and overflows, 54
NEG(––), 275 programming, 50
NEGL(––), 276 high-speed counter 0, 47
SBBL(––), 294 overflows and overflows, 53
high-speed counters 1 and 2
instructions
CQM1-CPU43-E, 55
advanced I/O, 118
programming, 57
execution times input interrupts, 39
CPM1/CPM1A, 406 interval timers, 44
CQM1, 389 scheduled interrupt mode, 45
SRM1, 417 masking, 44
expansion, 116 setting modes, 40
instruction set lists, 190 unmasking, 44
mnemonics list, ladder, 193
right-hand instructions, coding multiple, 168 interrupts (SRM1)
subroutines, 313 interval timers, 83
tables scheduled interrupt mode, 84
default, 117 types, 83
user-set, 117 interval timer interrupts
CPM1/CPM1A, 74
INT(89), 44, 73 SRM1, 83
interlocks, 201–203
using self-maintaining bits, 175
interrupt functions J–L
CPM1/CPM1A, 67
jump numbers, 203
CQM1, 38
SRM1, 83 jumps, 203–204

502
Index

ladder diagram timer and counter bits (CPM1/CPM1A), 142

branching, 168 timer and counter bits (CQM1), 138
IL(02) and ILC(03), 170 timer and counter bits (SRM1), 145
using TR bits, 169 TR bits (CPM1/CPM1A), 142
combining logic blocks, 163 TR bits (CQM1), 137
controlling bit status TR bits (SRM1), 144
using DIFU(13) and DIFD(14), 174, 200–209 user program memory (CQM1), 139
using KEEP(11), 199–200 work bits (CPM1/CPM1A), 141
using OUT and OUT NOT, 158 work bits (CQM1), 135
using SET and RESET, 173 work bits (SRM1), 144
using SET and RSET, 198–199 Memory Cassettes, 139
converting to mnemonic code, 154–173 and program size, 147
display via GPC, FIT, LSS, or SSS, 153 automatic reading, 149
instructions comparing contents, 149
combining, AND LD and OR LD, 162 contents, 147
controlling bit status reading data, 148
using KEEP(11), 174 reading with peripherals, 149
using OUT and OUT NOT, 197 required EEPROMs, 146
format, 184 storing DM and UM data (CQM1 only), 146
notation, 184 types, 146
structure, 153 writing data, 148
using logic blocks, 159
messages, programming, 317
ladder diagram instructions, 196–197
mnemonic code, converting, 154–173
lithium battery, backup time vs. temperature, xvi
MSG(46), 426
logic block instructions, converting to mnemonic code,
159–167
logic blocks. See ladder diagram N
NEG(––), 113

M NEGL(––), 113
nesting, subroutines, 314
macro function, subroutines. See programming
no protocol communications
masking program example, 111
CPM1/CPM1A interrupt processes, 405 SRM1, 107
CQM1 interrupt processes, 388 transmission data configuration, 110
SRM1 interrupt processes, 416 transmission flags, 110
MBS(––), 113 normally open/closed condition, definition, 153
MBSL(––), 113 NOT, definition, 153
memory areas NT Link (CPM1/CPM1A), 103
AR area bits (CPM1/CPM1A), 142, 462
NT Link (SRM1), 106
AR area bits (CQM1), 138, 455
AR area bits (SRM1), 145, 466
DM area (CPM1/CPM1A), 142
DM area (CQM1), 139 O
DM area (SRM1), 145
flag bits (CPM1/CPM1A), 141, 460 one-to-one link communications
flag bits (CQM1), 137, 452 I/O response timing
flag bits (SRM1), 144, 465 CPM1/CPM1A, 403
HR area (CPM1/CPM1A), 142 CQM1, 386
HR area (CQM1), 137 SRM1, 414
HR area (SRM1), 145 link errors (CQM1), 101
IR area bits (CPM1/CPM1A), 140 one-to-one link (CPM1/CPM1A), 101
IR area bits (CQM1), 135
IR area bits (SRM1), 144 one-to-one link (CQM1), 100
link bits (CPM1/CPM1A), 142 one-to-one link (SRM1), 104
link bits (CQM1), 138
link bits (SRM1), 145 operand bit, 154
structure (CPM1/CPM1A), 139, 459 operands, 184
structure (CQM1), 134, 451 allowable designations, 184
structure (SRM1), 143, 464 requirements, 184

503
Index

operations PV
CPM1/CPM1A internal processing, flowchart, 400 CNTR(12), 211
CQM1 internal processing, flowchart, 382 timers and counters, 209
effects on CPM1/CPM1A cycle time, 401
effects on CQM1 cycle time, 384
effects on SRM1 cycle time, 412
SRM1 internal processing, flowchart, 411
Q–R
output bit quick-response inputs (CPM1/CPM1A), 131
controlling ON/OFF time, 198 RET(93), 38
controlling status, 173, 175
right-hand instructions, coding. See instructions
output refresh method, PC Setup settings, 21
RS-232C
outputs, turning OFF, 428 communications
one-to-one link (CQM1), 100
procedures (CQM1/SRM1), 98
receiving (CQM1), 99
P transmitting (SRM1), 98
connecting Units (CQM1), 100
PC Setup. See settings control bits (CQM1), 99
PC Setup settings selecting (CQM1). See host link
CPM1/CPM1A, 9 RS-232C port, servicing time (CQM1/SRM1), 18
CQM1, 4
RS-232C port servicing time, PC Setup settings, 18
SRM1, 13
RXD(47), 110
peripheral port, servicing time, 18
peripheral port servicing time, PC Setup settings, 18
PLS2(––), 22, 25, 26, 29 S
PMW(––), 32 SBBL(––), 113
precautions, general, xiii SBN(92), 67
Program Memory, structure, 154 settings
program write protection, PC Setup settings, 17 basic operations
error log, 21
programming high-speed timers, 20
absolute high–speed counters (CQM1), 63 hold bit status, 17
errors, 425 input digits number, 21
high–speed counter (CPM1/CPM1A), 80 startup mode, 16
high–speed counter (CQM1), 50 changing, 3
instructions, 441 communications, 87, 88
interrupts, 80 conditions (CQM1), 90
interrupts (CQM1), 50, 63 CQM1 PC Setup, 88
jumps, 172 host link (CPM1/CPM1A), 93
macro function, subroutines, 128 host link (CQM1), 91
precautions, 177 host link (SRM1), 95
preparing data in data areas, 234 RS-232C (CQM1/SRM1), 98
special features, 116 defaults, 3
writing, 152 expansion instructions, 117
I/O operations, 16
programming (CQM1)
port servicing scan time, 18
high–speed counters 1 and 2, 57
pulse output word, 23, 26, 32
interrupts, 57
interrupts, 38
programs external sources (CQM1), 39
checking, check levels, 425 parameters (CQM1), 40
executing, 179 pulse outputs (CQM1 only), 22
PRV(62), 34, 65 seven-segment displays, converting data, 259
PULS(65), 23, 26, 27, 36 signed binary data, 111
pulse outputs SPED(64), 23, 25, 26, 27, 28, 36
determining status of ports 1 and 2, 34 startup mode, PC Setup settings, 16
from an output point, 23
from ports 1 and 2, 25 STIM(69), 45
variable-duty-ratio, 32 subroutine number, 315

504
Index

SV TR bits, use in branching, 169

CNTR(12), 211
tracing. See See data tracing and address tracing.
timers and counters, 209
troubleshooting, 434
T–W TXD(48), 110
TC numbers, 208 write protecting the program, PC Setup settings, 17
timers, conditions when reset, 209, 212
timing
basic instructions
CPM1/CPM1A, 406
CQM1, 390
SRM1, 417
CPM1/CPM1A cycle time, 401
CQM1 cycle time, 383
I/O response time (CPM1/CPM1A), 402
I/O response time (CQM1), 385
I/O response time (SRM1), 414
instruction execution
CPM1/CPM1A. See instruction
CQM1. See instruction
SRM1. See instruction
interrupt processing
CPM1/CPM1A, 405
CQM1, 388
SRM1, 416
special instructions
CPM1/CPM1A, 406
CQM1, 390
SRM1, 417, 421
SRM1 cycle time, 412

505
Revision History

A manual revision code appears as a suffix to the catalog number on the front cover of the manual.

Cat. No. W228-E1-7

Revision code

The following table outlines the changes made to the manual during each revision. Page numbers refer to the
previous version.

Revision code Date Revised content

1 August 1993 Original production
2 December 1993 The manual was extensively rewritten to incorporate information related the new CPUs, I/O Units, and
Dedicated I/O Units.
2A March 1994 Page 268: The function/setting range comments for Word P1+3 have been corrected.
2B March 1995 The following instructions have been corrected throughout the manual: INI(––) corrected to INI(61);
PRV(––) corrected to PRV(62); CTBL(––) corrected to CTBL(63); SPED(––) corrected to SPED(64);
PULS(––) corrected to PULS(65); INT(––) corrected to INT(89); STIM(––) corrected to STIM(69);
BCMP(––) corrected to BCMP(68); TXD(––) corrected to TXD(48); RXD(––) corrected to RXD(47);
TKY(––) corrected to TKY(18); DSW(––) corrected to DSW(87); 7SEG(––) corrected to 7SEG(88);
ASFT(––) corrected to ASFT(17); CMPL(––) corrected to CMPL(60); MCMP(––) corrected to MCMP(19);
SCL(––) corrected to SCL(66); BCNT(––) corrected to BCNT(67)
Pages 1, 2, 54, 76, 82, 86, 87, 90, 91, 92, 130, Page 151: Paragraph added above 5-15-7
138, 246, 247, 248, 328, 331, 345, 362, 375, 393, MODE CONTROL – INI(––).
400, 401: SYSMAC Support Software (SSS) add- Page 176: Bits 12 to 16 corrected to bits 11 to 15
ed. at the top of the page.
Page 37: Third sentence in “Programming” rewrit- Page 200: Top equation and example diagram
ten. corrected.
Page 47: The “1 kHz” corrected to “4 kHz” in the Page 262: Second-to-last paragraph of Operand
first sentence of 1-4-8 Absolute High-speed Settings corrected. Caution added.
Counter Interrupts (CQM1-CPU44-E). Page 268: Note added.
Page 61: Areas for reading and writing reversed Page 272: Diagram for the control word cor-
for the top diagram. 1-6 Calculating with Signed rected.
Binary Data added.
Page 281: Delimiter corrected to Terminator in
Pages 66, 68: Text and diagram corrected for the top diagram and Frame 2 corrected to Frame
Using the Instruction. 3 in the bottom diagram.
Page 70: Top diagram corrected. Page 330: First sentence corrected in 8-4 User-
Page 71: Top diagram corrected. Application ex- defined Errors.
ample changed. Page 336: Note corrected.
Pages 80, 357: IR area words and bits corrected Pages 343 to 345: Appendix A Standard Models
Page 128: SUM added to the table. deleted.
Page 142: First sentence in Example corrected. Pages 347 to 352: Programming instructions lists
Page 146: Sentence added before the note in updated.
Reading Timer PVs. Page 364: “01” corrected to “00” for AR21.
Page 148: Second paragraph added to Target Page 368: Input constants for IR 00000 to IR
Value Comparison. 00007 of DM 6620 corrected.
Page 150: Note 2 corrected. Page 372: Note added.
2C July 1995 The following additions/corrections were made. Page 200: “#” added to the digit designator.
Bytes 61 to 66 (a to f) have been deleted from
Page 53: Default communications settings the third sentence in Limitations.
changed and note added. Page 237: @AVG(––) has been deleted.
Page 253: Operand data area ranges cor-
Page 60: Paragraph added on link errors. rected for IORF(97).
Page 63: The following sentence was cor- Page 272: Caution added.
rected: Page 353: “Programming Console” changed to
Examples are shown below for the Program- “Programming Device” and paragraph added
following this change.
ming Console.
Page 373: Appendix E Battery Service Life
Page 73: Note added on use of output point 5. deleted.
3 December 1995 The manual was extensively revised to include the new CPM1 PCs.
3A April 1996 Page 296: Precautions Regarding Pulse Output added to Pulse Frequency (F).
Page 415: The bit allocation for the day of the week corrected.
4 June 1997 The manual was revised to include the new CPM1A and SRM1 PCs and the V1 CQM1 CPU Units.
The LSS was removed from the manual.
Page 54: Note added.
Page 105: CLC was added to program.

507
Revision History

Revision code Date Revised content

5 March 1998 The manual was revised to include the pulse output function for the CPM1A and some
CPM1/CPM1A/SRM1 memory specification changes.
Page xi: Information added.
Page 3: Information added.
Page 3: “Caution” notes deleted.
Page 9: Additions to table.
Pages 11, 12: Notes added.
Pages 11, 20: Error log records corrected from “10” to “7.”
Page 16: Note added.
Page 35 to 37: New section added (CPM1A pulse output function).
Page 77 to 78: Information added.
Page 93: Note added.
Page 104: Note added.
Page 138: Changes made to note.
Page 401, 402: Specifications changed.
Page 403: Changes made to text.
Page 404: Changes made to graphic; text added.
Page 405: Graphic changed.
Page 429: Addition to table.
Page 430: Change made to text in graphic.
Page 431: Change made to text in graphic.
Page 463: Changes made to AR area memory.
Page 459, 462, 464: Notes added.
Page 468: Addition to table.
Page 481: Appendix I added.
6 December 1998 The following corrections and revisions were made.
A precautions section was added before section 1.
Pages 5 and 19: IR 012 to IR 015 added in DM 6626 and DM 6627.
Page 49 and 78: Descriptions of target and range comparisons added.
Page 317: Ranges corrected for starting and end words.
7 May 1999 The following corrections and revisions were made.
Page 7: Setting for 1:1 NT Link added for DM 6645, bits 12 to 15.
Page 89: Setting for 1:1 NT Link added for DM 6645 and DM 6650.
Page 89, 148, and 149: Manually resetting bits from LSS/SSS added.
Page 205: “A maximum of three” removed from Resetting Errors.
Page 456: AR 1115 added.
Page 457: Note added for AR 1400, AR 1401 and AR 1402.
Page 469: AR 2115 corrected to AR 2113 at the bottom of the page.

508
Authorized Distributor:

Cat. No. W228-E1-7 Note: Specifications subject to change without notice. Printed in Japan

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