INFANTS

Presented by: GROUP 3

 GROUP MEMBERS
Soriano, James Mark D.
Tolentino, Jill Audrey
Valderama, Lei
Vallestero, Crissana Angelli
Presented by: GROUP 3
 Introduction
Infancy (birth to one year) is a period of rapid
cognitive, physical, and psychosocial growth.
Piaget's sensorimotor stage, encompassing the first
four stages of cognitive development, explains how
infants learn through senses and motor actions.
This introduction will examine key aspects of infant
development within this framework, focusing on
object permanence and its impact on the infant's
understanding of self and others.
PHYSICAL ASSESSMENT
General Appearance Neck:
Behavior Clavicles:
Color Chest and Lungs
Posture Chest Shape
Cry
Breathing
Head and Face
Heart Sounds
Fontanelles
Abdomen
Head Shape
Shape
Eyes
Ears Bowel Sounds
Mouth Palpation
Nose Umbilical Cord
Hernias
 Neck:
Skin
Clavicles:
Texture and Color
Birthmarks
Chest and Lungs
Hair Chest Shape
Growth and Development Breathing
Weight, Length, and Heart Sounds
Head Abdomen
Circumference Shape
Developmental Bowel Sounds
Milestones: Palpation
Umbilical Cord
Hernias
Vital signs
 NORMAL VALUES
HEART RATE Respiratory rate
Infant (1-12 months):
100-160 bpm Infant (1-12 months):
The heart rate may vary 30-40 breaths per
depending on activity level, minute
such as crying or sleeping.
 NORMAL VALUES
Temperature Blood pressure oxygen saturation

Infant (1-12 months): Normal Range:

Normal Range: (36.5-37.5°C) 70/50 mmHg to 100/65 95%-100%
mmHg
 NORMAL VALUES
Temperature Blood pressure oxygen saturation

Infant (1-12 months): Normal Range:

Normal Range: (36.5-37.5°C) 70/50 mmHg to 100/65 95%-100%
mmHg
nutrition
nutrition
 Nutrition
1. breast feeding (exclusive for the first 6 months)
Best source of nutrition
immunological benefits
attachment and bonding
nutritional composition

2. Formula feeding
alternative to breastfeeding
types of formula
feeding schedule
 Nutrition
3. Introduction of solid foods (around 6 months)
Development readiness
First foods
Iron-rich foods
Avoiding allergenic foods

4. Hydration
Breast Milks of Formula as Primary Fluids
After 6 months

5. Vitamin and Mineral Supplements

Vitamin D
Iron
 Nutrition
6. Management and Growth Develop
Monitoring Growth

7.Preventing Overfeeding and Underfeeding

Responsive Feeding
Feeding Frequency and Volume
Sleep Patterns Understanding
Newborn Sleep Cycles

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Establishing a Sleep
Routine
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DEVELOPMENTAL
MILESTONES
 gross motor FINE motor LANGUAGE
Head Lag Grasp Reflex 0-3 mos.
1 MONTH Chin Up in prone position Babinski Reflex 0-12 mos. tHROATY NOISES
Turns head in supine Rooting Reflex 0-4 mos.
position Tonic-Neck Reflex 0-4 mos.

Chest up in prone
Holds hands together
position Makes verbal noise
2 MONTHS Hands unfisted 50% of the
Head bobs when held in
time
Vowel-like noises
sitting position

Rolls to side Grasp Reflex diminishes Chuckles

3 MONTHS Raises head when prone Inspects fingers Vocalizes when talked
Less head lag Bats at objects to
 gross motor FINE motor LANGUAGE
Lifts head and looks
Clutches at clothes
4 MONTHS around Babbling (copies
Reaches persistently
Sits with trunk support noises)
Plays with rattle
Rolls front to bacK

Grasps rattle Says “ah-goo”

Sits with pelvic support Transfers object Squeals
5 MONTHS Rolls back to front hand-mouth-hand Expresses anger with
Holds hands together sounds other than crying

Listens, then vocalizes

Transfers hand-hand when adult stops
6 MONTHS Tripod sit
Reaches with one hand Smiles / vocalizes to
mirror
 gross motor FINE motor LANGUAGE
Bounces when held Radial-palmar Increasing variety
7 MONTHS
Sits without support grasp of syllables
steadily

Gets into sitting position Says “dada”

Commando crawls Gross pincer grasp (nonspecific)
8 MONTHS
Pulls to sitting/kneeling (rakes) Shakes head for “no”
position Echolalia

“Stands” on feet and

hands Says “mama”
Bangs objects
9 MONTHS Begins creeping (nonspecific)
Pulls to stand together
Imitates sounds
Bear Walks
 gross motor FINE motor LANGUAGE
Creeps well Fine pincer grasp
Says “dada” (specific)
10 MONTHS Cruises around furniture Puts objects into
using two hands Waves “bye-bye”
containers and takes them
Stands with one hand held out

Cruises furniture with using Throws objects

one hand Stirs with spoon Says first word
11 MONTHS Stands for a few seconds Offers objects to others Vocalizes to songs
Walks with one hand held and releases them

Scribbles after
Uses several gestures
Stands well with arms high, demonstration
with vocalizing
12 MONTHS legs splayed Holds crayon
Independent steps Points to get desired
Feeds self finger-foods
Turns pages in a book
object
 Play
Importance of Types of Play by
Play: Age:

Encourages sensory, 0–3 Months:

motor, and cognitive
development. Visual stimulation: High-contrast
Strengthens the parent- black-and-white toys or cards.
infant bond. Auditory stimulation: Soft music,
Lays the foundation for rattles, parents’ voices.
problem-solving skills and Tactile play: Soft, textured toys.
social interaction.
 Play
Types of Play by Types of Play by
Age: Age:

4–6 Months: 7–9 Months:

Grasping and reaching: Cause-and-effect toys: Toys that
Rattles, soft blocks. light up or make sounds when
Mirror play: Babies enjoy pressed.
looking at themselves. Stacking and nesting toys.
Tummy time: Strengthens Peek-a-boo or hide-and-seek
neck and back muscles. games to develop object
permanence.
 Play
Types of Play by Tips for Play:
Age:

10–12 Months: •Always supervise during

•Push-pull toys for walking
play.
practice.
•Shape sorters and large
•Avoid toys with small parts,
puzzles. sharp edges, or choking
•Imitative play: Toy phones, hazards.
pretend cooking sets.
 Safety measures
Fall Prevention: Choking Hazards:

- Avoid small toys, buttons,

- Use safety gates near or coins within the infant’s
stairs. reach.
- Never leave the infant - Ensure toys meet safety
unattended on high surfaces standards and are age-
like beds or changing tables. appropriate.

Home Safety:
 Safety measures
Electrical Safety: Sleep Safety:

- Place the infant on their back

- Cover electrical outlets with for every nap and nighttime
safety plugs. sleep.
- Keep cords and wires out of - Use a firm mattress with no
reach. pillows, blankets, or stuffed toys.
- Avoid co-sleeping to reduce the
risk of Sudden Infant Death
Syndrome (SIDS).

Home Safety:
 Safety measures
Car Safety: Poison Prevention:

- Always use a rear-facing - Store medications, cleaning

car seat in the back seat until supplies, and other toxic
at least age 2. substances in locked cabinets.
- Ensure the car seat is - Use child-proof packaging
properly installed according where available.
to the manufacturer’s
instructions.

Home Safety:
 Safety measures
First Aid
Burns and Scalds:
Preparedness:

- Check bathwater - Learn CPR and choking relief for

temperature before bathing infants.
(should be around 37°C or - Keep a first aid kit in the home
98.6°F). and know emergency contact
- Keep hot liquids, like coffee numbers.
or tea, out of reach.

Home Safety:
QUIZ TIME!
TRUE OR FALSE
Instructions: Read the statements carefully then write TRUE if the
statement is correct and write FALSE if it is wrong.

1. Infancy period is from birth to one year, marks a pivotal stage

in human development, characterized by rapid cognitive,
physical, and psychosocial growth.
2. A 3month old infant makes verbal noise and vowel-like noises.
3. A 5month old infant can babbling (copies noises).
4. The normal heart rate of an infant is 100-160bpm.
5. The normal respiratory rate of an infant is 40-60bpm.
Identification
Identify what is being asked on the following question.
1. This developmental milestone expresses anger with sounds other
than crying.
2. This developmental milestone gets into sitting position, commando
crawls, pulls to sitting/kneeling position.
3. This developmental milestone uses several gestures with vocalizing,
points to get desired object.
4. This developmental milestone throws objects, stirs with spoon,
offers objects to others and releases them

Enumeration
10-15 ENUMERATE 6 Examples of Physical Assessments
THANKYOU