Forest Fire Detection System based on Wireless Sensor Network

rd
Bhuvana Tumuluri, 3 year, B.Tech (ECE), IARE, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

[email protected]

Dr. S. China Venkateswarlu, Professor, ECE, IARE, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

[email protected]

Abstract

Forests are considered to be one of the most important and indispensable resources, the prevention and detection of forest fires have been researched

extensively and hotly in the Worldwide Forest Fire Prevention Departments. In the current scenario, the concept of smart cities is one of the emerging and

challenging research areas. The cities are surrounded by forests, agricultural land, or open areas, where fire incidents can occur threatening human life

and cause disasters that might exhaust resources to the point of extinction. Many countries run the smart city pilot projects that rely on the conversion of

cities into smart cities through smart technology for improving the environment and overall everyday living conditions. This article aims to design an early

fire detection system to get rid of fire hazards and events using the concept of sensor network. The architecture proposal is based on sensors for monitoring

environmental parameters and to process the information through sensors and IoT application. The proposed fire detection system includes wireless sensor

technologies. It is observed that the proposed system has a higher fire detection rate to improve the true detection of forest fire from 95 to 98 percent.

Keywords

Humans, Surveillance, Fires, Sensors, Emergency services, Intelligent systems, Environmental disasters, Human operators, Flame sensors, Arduino, Internet of
Things (IOT)

Introduction

In the current scenario, the concept of Smart Cities is one of the emerging and challenging research areas. The cities are surrounded by forests, agricultural land,

or open areas, where fire incidence can occur threatening human life and causing many resources to become extinct. In the present time, many countries run the

smart city pilot project that relies on the conversion of cities into smart cities through smart technology for improving the environment and everyday living. This

article aims to design an early fire detection system to get rid of fire events using the concept of sensor network. The architecture proposal is based on sensors

for monitoring environmental parameters and to process the information through sensors and IoT application. The proposed fire detection system includes

wireless sensor technologies. It is observed that the proposed system has a higher fire detection rate to improve the true detection of forest fire from 95 to 98

percent.

LITERATURE SURVEY

1. Forest fires are a big threat to wildlife, ecological, and infrastructure. There are many evidences reported on forest fires in the past. Forest fires can be

examined as a consequential issue that can affect the ecological and Journal Pre-proof 6 economical destructions of wildlife and human lives. There are several

techniques reported in the literature for forest fire detection (Celik, 2010; Ko et al., 2010; Töreyin et al., 2006). The conventional forest fire detection methods

require mechanical systems and humans for monitoring the forests (Xuan Truong et al., 2012).

2. The recent advances in the field of sensor networks are motivated through the capabilities of wireless sensor networks to gather the information from the

environment and communicate to the existing infrastructure of internet described in (Akyildiz et al., 2002; Hammoudeh et al., 2017; Heintzelman et al., 2004).

3. A sensor network contains deployment of various sensor nodes over a geographical area of interest for monitoring different parameters such as temperature,

humidity, pressure, gases and other various events. A sensor node is a small device that has three main components sensing unit, processing unit and storage

(Luo et al., 2012).

4. IoT enables things and users to be connected anywhere at any time. These connected things create a huge volume of data that brings the concept of big data.

The collected data from the smart devices need efficient storage and it’s processing in real-time. Cloud computing allows the processing of resources remotely at

a very reasonable cost.

One new research area is satellite-based wildfire detection techniques using different satellites. These techniques have proven themselves to be valuable for

surveillance in large and homogeneous regions. Although the localization, detection delay, and resolution that satellite-based systems provide is not yet adequate

for all cases, the introduction of new low-orbit satellites seems very promising.

PROBLEM STATEMENT

A System for Early Forest-Fire Detection

Proposed solution

Presently, the concept of smart cities is getting wide attention in the research community. This article is an attempt to raise awareness and keep the cities

safer from disasters like forest fires. This proposed method is used to detect Forest Fires with the help of IOT. Internet of Things (IoT) describes the network of

physical objects—“things”— that are embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies for the purpose of connecting and exchanging data with other

devices and systems over the internet. Internet of Things can create information about the connected objects, analyse it, and make decisions; in other words, one

can tell that the Internet of Things is smarter than the Internet. Security cameras, sensors, vehicles, buildings, and software are examples of things that can

exchange data amongst each other.

Arduino is an open-source platform used for building electronics projects. Arduino consists of both a physical programmable circuit board (often referred to as a

microcontroller) and a piece of software, or IDE (Integrated Development Environment) that runs on your computer, used to write and upload computer code to

the physical board.

A Flame sensor works to regulate the flow of gas entering

your furnace and automatically shutting the gas valve

down if the furnace does not light up.

The purpose behind such working principle is to prevent

built- up gas or catastrophic explosions. Flame Detection

Sensor Module is sensitive to the flame, but also can

detect ordinary light.

Usually used as a flame alarm. Detects a flame or a light source of a wavelength in the range of 760nm-1100 nm.

Detection points of about 60 degrees, particularly sensitive to the flame spectrum.

This sensor/detector can be built with an electronic circuit using a receiver like electromagnetic radiation. This sensor uses the infrared flame flash method,

which allows the sensor to work through a coating of oil, dust, water vapor, otherwise ice.

These sensors are used in several dangerous situations like Fire detection, Fire alarm, Firefighting robot.
Conclusion

The fire around smart cities or forest fires are serious concerns across many countries. Researchers or experts across the globe agree that for the prevention of

these disasters the foremost requirement is to invest in efficient technologies. This paper presents a WSN and IoT based platform for the detection of fires at an

early stage. Wireless sensor network has been successfully implemented using hardware platform.

Data is collected in real-time by deploying sensor nodes, and collected data is analysed in the IoT platform for the detection of an event. The proposed system is

not suitable for smoke detection as the smoke is an indication of fire at its initial stage. Thus, the performance of this system can further be improved by adding

smoke detection.

The system is capable of sending an early warning alert of the detected event along with coordinates in the form of generating sound through a buzzer.

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