PRE-HISTORIC ERA the scenes he expects to encounter in the underworld

after his death.

PAINTINGS FROM THE PRE-HISTORIC ERA
Paintings was found on the cave which have been PAINTINGS FROM THE CLASSICAL GREEK ERA
their way of communicating with each other. Paintings during the classical era were most
It may also be for religious or ceremonial purposes. commonly found in vases, panels and tomb.
These paintings may be more an artifact of the They depict natural figures with dynamic
archeological evidence than a true picture of humans’ compositions.
first created art. Most of the subjects were battle scenes, mythological
Prehistoric drawings of animals were usually correct figures and everyday scenes.
in proportion. They reveal a grasp of linear perspective and
naturalist representation.

MOST COMMON METHOD OF GREEK PANTING:

1. Fresco
Method of painting water-based pigments on a freshly
applied plaster usually on a wall surfaces.
The colors which are made by grinding dry-powder
pigments in pure water, dry and set with the plaster to
become a permanent part of the wall.
It is also ideal for making murals because it leads to a
monumental style, is durable and has a matte
surface.
CAVE OF LASCAUX, I
5000-10000 B.C.
The dominant features in the painting were large
animals native in the region.
It was discovered on September 12, 1940.
The painting has nearly 2,000 figures composed
mainly of animals, human figures and abstract design.
Some sections have been identified inside the cave
such as:
 The Great Hall of the Bulls
 The Lateral Passage
 The Shaft of the Dead Man
 The Chamber of Engravings
 The Painted Gallery
 Chamber of Felines
THE TOREADOR FRESCO
A RESTORED WALL PAINTING FROM THE PALACE OF
PAINTINGS FROM ANCIENT EGYPT KNOSSOS CRETE
The purpose of Egyptian paintings is to make the 1550 B.C.E
deceased afterlife place pleasant. 2. Encaustic
Themes including journey to the underworld Developed by Greeks ship builders who use hot wax
introducing the deceased to the gods of the to fill the cracks of the ship.
underworld by their protective deities. A panting technique in which pigments are mixed with
It emphasizes the importance of life after death and hot liquid wax.
the preservation of the knowledge of the past. Artist can change the paint’s consistency by adding
Most paintings were highly stylized, symbolic, and resin or oil (the latter for use on canvas) to the wax.
shows profile view of an animal or a person. After the paint has been applied to the support which
The main colors used were red, black blue, gold and is usually made of wood, plaster or canvas, a heating
green derived from mineral pigments that can element is passed over the surface until the individual
withstand strong sunlight without fading. brush or spatulas marks fuse into a uniform film.
This burning in of the colors is essential element of
the encaustic technique.

SARCOPHAGUS OF TUTANKHAMEN XVIII DYNASTY

1362 A.D.-1253 B.C.
the paintings of the walls on the tomb shows events
of the life of the king while he was still on earth and
 PITSA PANEL
540-530 B.C.E.

TOMB/WALL PAINTING
Was very popular during the classical period.
It uses the method frescos in either tempera (water-
based) or encaustic (wax).
MUMMY PORTRAIT OF A YOUNG GIRL It has a sharp, flatly outlined style of painting and
AL-FAYYUM EGYPT -2ND CENTURY because it uses water-based materials very few
sample survived.
VASE PAINTING
KERCH STYLE
Referred to as Kerch Vases are red, figured pottery
named after the place where it was found.
Shapes commonly found are:
1. pelike (wine container)
2. lekanis (a low bowl with two horizontal handles and a low
broad foot)
3. lebes gamikos (with high handles and lid use to carry bridal
bath.
4. krater (bowl use for mixing wine and water)

TOMB OF THE DIVER

PAESTRUM 480 BCE

PAINTINGS FROM THE ROMAN ERA

Most of the paintings in this era were copied or
imitated from Hellenic Greek paintings.
Fresco technique was used in brightly colored
backgrounds; division of the wall into multiple
rectangular areas (tic-tac-toe design); multiple-point
perspective; and a tropme-l-oeil effect.
Roman paintings has a wide variety of subjects like
Animals
Everyday life
Still life
Mythological subjects
Portraits
Landscapes

MOSAIC
JUDGMENT OF PARIS It is an art process where image is created using an
370-330 B.C. assemblage of small pieces of colored glass, stones
or other materials.
PANEL PAINTING This technique is used for decorative art or interior
They are painting on flat panels of wood. decorations.
It can be either a small, single-pieced or several
panels joined together.
Most of the panel painting no longer exist because of
their organic composition.
 THE COURT OF EMPRESS THEODORA MOSAIC
6TH CENTURY AD SAN VITALE, RAVENA.

HEAD OF ALEXANDER
100 B.C

FRESCO FROM THE VILLA OF MYSTERIES THEODORA THE ASIAN QUEEN WITH DARK EYES AND
POMPEII 80 B. C HAIR WITH FIERCE EXPRESSION

ROMANESQUE PAINTING
Mosaics are largely placed on the walls of the
churches that follows a strict frontal pose.
It has remarkable variety of artistic traditions such as
modeling and treatment of faces and draperies that
follow Byzantine convention while the refreshingly
decorative feeling comes from southern French
styles.
It also shows traces of MOZARABIC influence
(Arabize influence) through elongated oval faces,
large staring eyes and long noses, figures against flat
colored bands and heavy outlining.

BOSCOTRECASE, POMPEII
Was believed to depict a ceremonial rite either marriage or
initiation of a woman in a mystery cult

BYZANTINE PAINTING
The lively styles of paintings which had been invented
in Greek and Rome lived on in Byzantium but this
time for Christian subjects.
By the 11th century, the Greek and Oriental styles
seem to blend together in magnificent imposing
images which adorned the churches in large and
small forms.
CHRIST IN MAJESTY (1123)

PAINTINGS FROM THE GOTHIC ERA

 Painting have been confined in the illumination of PRE-HISTORIC SCULPTURES
manuscript pages and the painting of frescoes on the Materials used in sculptures vary according to region
walls of churches in cosmopolitan style, elegant and locality.
mannered and sophisticated. Archeologist believed that their sculptures is a result
of natural erosion and not human artistry.

LADY AND THE UNICORN TAPESTRY VENUS OF WILLENDORF

1506-1513 28,000 BCE-25,000 BCE
Subjects usually depict popular legends and love stories. It is carved in limestone with excessively heavy breast and
Patterns like mille fleur or thousand flower shows influence abdomen used as charm to ensure fertility
which may have been due to crusades.

VENUS OF BRASSEMPOUY
1961 TREASURES OF THE WORLD

25,000 years old. A sculpture of lady with the hood. It is

ROSE WINDOW FROM THE NORTH TRANSEPT fragmentary ivory figurine from the Upper Paleolithic era that
1230 realistically represents the human face and hairstyle
Stained glass windows was created to transform the vast stone
interiors with warm and glowing color and at the same time to SCULPTURES FROM THE EGYPTIAN ERA
instruct Christians in their faith. Symbolic elements such as forms, hieroglyphics,
relative size, location, materials, color, actions and
gestures were widely used.
Their tombs required the most extensive use of
sculptures.

CHARACTERISTICS:
1. Symbolism were heavily used to represent the gods. They
were represented as composite creature with animal heads
and human bodies.
2. Relief compositions were arranged in horizontal lines to
record an event or to represent an action.
3. Most of the time the gods were shown larger than humans,
the kings larger than then their followers, the dead larger than
the living.
4. Empty spaces were filled with figures and hieroglyphics.
5. All individual components were all brought to the plane of
representation and laid out like writing.
THE SHEPHERD DAVID
13TH CENTURY
The painting shows some realistic and naïve naturalism

SCULPTURES FROM THE EARLY AGE

 most Roman Sculptures are made of monumental
terra-cotta
They did not attempt to compete with the free
standing Greek works of history of mythology but
rather than produced reliefs in Greek Roman triumph
columns with continuous narrative reliefs around.

QUEEN NEFERTITI, PAINTED LIMESTONE

18TH DYNASTY 1375-1357 BC

THE PORTONACIO SARCOPHAGUS

180—190 BCE
Used for the burial of Roman General involved in the
campaign of Marcus Aurelius’
The best known and most elaborate of all
sarcophagus (it is a box-like funeral receptacle for a
dead body. Comes from Greek word SARX meaning
FLESH and PHAGEIN meaning to EAT)
It depicts battle scenes between Romans and
Germans
Carved in marble

THE PHARAOH MENKAURE AND HIS QUEEN

4TH DYNASTY, 2548 BCE

SCULPTURES FROM THE CLASSICAL PERIOD

GREEK SCULPTURES
Early Greek sculptures were tensed and stiff, their
bodies were hidden within enfolding robes.
After three centuries of experiments, Greek
sculptures had finally evolved and showed all the
points of human anatomy and proportion.
One of the most popular styles was the Hellenic Style.
Hellenic denotes a preference in sculpture for more
elaborated patterns, mannered arrangements of
figure groups and an emphasis on the representation
of movement for dramatic effects.

SARCOPAGUS, FROM CERVETIRI

520 BCE
Made in Terra Cotta
Length 6’7(2.06 m.)
A husband and wife are shown reclining comfortably
as they were in a couch

BYZANTINE SCULPTURES
The dominant themes in Byzantine sculptures
are religious, everyday life scenes and motifs
from nature.
Animals were used as symbols (dove, deer,
peafowl) while some had ACROSTIC signs (form
of writing in which message is formed by taking
the first letter, syllable or word in different lines
putting them together) that contained a great
MYRON; THE DISCOBULUS
theological significance.
450 BC
Shows an attitude of maximum tension, full compressed
energy and about to explode an action
ROMAN SCULPTURES
 PRE-HISTORIC ACHITECTURE
Man has developed a form of architecture based
on MEGALITHS (a big rock) from the Greek
word LITHOS (stone) and MEGAS (big).
This architecture is made of huge blocks which
were probably intended for burial.
Megalithic monuments have always ignited man’s
imagination.
They provided plenty of legends and
superstitions.
During this era, stones and rocks were
associated with divinity.
THREE MAIN TYPES OF MEGALITH STONE
1. MENHIR- a huge stone standing vertically on the
ground usually standing in the middle of the field or
THE BARBERINI DIPTYCH
arranged in rows
ROMANESQUE SCULPTURES
Some of the famous sculptural pieces are reliquaries,
altar frontals, crucifixes and devotional images.
Small individual work of art were generally made of
costly materials from royal and aristocratic patrons.
These lightweight devotional images were usually
carried during processions both inside and outside
the churches.

2. DOLMENS- the word dolmen originated from the

expression TAOL MAEN which means STONE TABLE.
These structures are in a form of table consisting of two
huge standing stones supporting a horizontal giant stone.
It is believed that it served as grave or as an altar.

LAST JUDGEMENT
1120-1135

GOTHIC SCULPTURES
Gothic sculptures have a greater freedom of style.
They no longer lay closely against the wall but begun 3. CROMLECH- a Brythonic word where CROM means
to project outward.
Figures were given their own particular attitudes
BENT or CURVED and LLECH which means SLAB or
instead of being set into particular patterns and are FLAGSTONES. Literally it is a circle of standing stones.
more lively and realistic.

RESSURECTION OF THE VIRGIN

12TH CENTURY EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE
This architectural style was developed during the
ARCHITECTURE FROM THE EARLY AGE Pre-dynastic period 4,000 BC
Characteristics of Egyptian Architecture:
 1. The structure has thick sloping walls with few  CORINTHIAN
openings to obtain stability.
2. The exterior and interior walls along with the
columns and piers were covered with hieroglyphics
and pictorial frescoes and carvings painted in brilliant
colors.
3. Ornamentations were symbolic including scarab
(sacred beetle) solar disk, vulture and common motifs
(palm leaves, buds, and flowers of lotus and papyrus
plants)
4. Temples were aligned with astronomically
significant events like SOLSTICES (comes from the
Latin word SOL meaning SUN and STITIUM
meaning STOPPAGE as the sun appears to stand
still on the first day of winter) and EQUINOX (a time THE PARTHENON
or date when day and night are of equal length) with The greatest classical temple, ingeniously
precise measurements required in determining the engineered to correct an optical illusion.
moment of that particular event. The columns were slightly contorted, swollen at
the center and leaning inward to correct what
PYRAMIDS OF GIZA would otherwise have been an impression of
deadness and top heaviness.

Pyramids of Giza are the most substantial

ancient structures of the world.
The three pyramids are the funerary structures of THE PARTHENON
the three kings of the fourth dynasty(2575-2465 447-432 BC, ATHENS
BC) namely:
 KHUFU-(Cheops) whom the great ROMAN ARHITECTURE
pyramid was attributed to They built sturdy stone structures both for use
 KHAFA (Chepren) whom the pyramid and to perpetuate their glory.
next to the great pyramid is attributed The emperors erected huge halls and arenas for
 MENKAURA (Mycerinus) the smallest is public games, baths and procession.
attributed to They build them on gigantic arches of stone,
These pyramids were made highly confusing and bricks and concrete, or with barrel vaults.
with many tunnels to create confusion for grave
rubbers.

MASTABA

THE COLOSSEUM
AD 70-82, ROME
It is type of Egyptian tomb of a flat-roofed, BYZANTINE ARCHITECTURE
rectangular structure with outwards sloping sides. It has a lot in common with the early Christian
It is made of mud-bricks or stones architecture.
GREEK ARCHITECTURE Mosaic decoration was perfected by Byzantines,
Temples consisted of a central shrine or room in as well as the use of clerestory to bring light in
an isle surrounded by rows of columns. from high windows.
These building were designed on one of three Byzantine’s advancement in developing the
architectural style or orders: dome created a new style in global architecture.
 DORIC
 ONIC
 HAGIA SOPHIA CHURCH
ISTANBUL, 537 BC
 Hagia Sophia means Holy Wisdom
 It narrates how a magnificent construction
transformed from being church into a mosque CATHEDRAL OF CHARTRES
and what is now known as Hagia Sophia 1145-1260
museum.  Has rich architecture and design
 One of the biggest domes ever created with 108  Splendid stained glass window
feet in diameter and because of its grand size, it  Thousands of sculptured figures
can be seen from miles away

ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE
The doorway of Romanesque’s churches are
often grand sculptures portals.
Wood or metal doors are surrounded by
elaborate stone sculptures arranged in zones to
fit architectural elements

THE GROIN-VAULTED CRYPT OF

WORCESTER CATHEDRAL

GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE
This design included two new devices: pointed
arch which enabled builders to construct much
higher ceiling vaults and stones vaulting borne on
a network of stone ribs supported by piers and
clustered pillars