133

Chapter 4 Basic Knowledge of Functions

Q & A (P.4.2) (b)

1. (a) Postage of mailing the Chinese dictionary
= $55
Postage of mailing the English dictionary
= $66
The required postage
= $(55 + 66) There does not exist any vertical line which intersects
= $121 the graph at more than one point.
(b) Total weight of the two dictionaries ∴ y is a function of x.
= (2.1 + 3.2) kg
= 5.3 kg Instant Drill 3 (P.4.10)
The required postage (a) (i) When x = −1, y = −1 + 2 = 1.
= $89 When x = 0, y = 0 + 2 = 2.
When x = 2, y = 2 + 2 = 4.
2. ∵ $89 < $121 When x = 5, y = 5 + 2 = 7.
∴ Simon will mail the two dictionaries as one ∴ x −1 0 2 5
parcel. y 1 2 4 7
(ii) From (a)(i), we observe that for each value of x,
Instant Drill 1 (P.4.5)
there is one (and only one) corresponding value
(a) When x = 8, there is no corresponding value of y.
of y.
∴ y is not a function of x.
∴ y is a function of x.
(b) For each value of x, there is one (and only one)
(b) (i)
corresponding value of y.
∴ y is a function of x.
(c) When x = 7, there is more than one corresponding
value of y (0 and 10).
∴ y is not a function of x.
(ii) From the graph in (b)(i), when x = 7,

Instant Drill 2 (P.4.8) y=9

(a)
Instant Drill 4 (P.4.17)
(a) ∵ The value of 10 − x under the radical sign cannot
be negative.
∴ 10 − x  0
x  10
∴ The domain is all real numbers smaller than or
There exists a vertical line which intersects the graph
equal to 10.
at two points.
∴ y is not a function of x.

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134 Solutions

(b) ∵ The value of the denominator x − 9 cannot be 0. Instant Drill 8 (P.4.20)

∴ x−90 (a) f(−1) + g(−1) = [(−1)2 − 2] + [(−1) − 1]
x9 = −1 − 2
∴ The domain is all real numbers except 9. = −3
(b) f(−3) − g(2) = [(−3)2 − 2] − (2 − 1)
Instant Drill 5 (P.4.17) =7−1
(a) f(0) = (0) − 2(0) + 6
2 =6
=6 (c) f(1)  g(0) = [(1)2 − 2](0 − 1)
(b) f(−1) = (−1)2 − 2(−1) + 6 = (−1)(−1)
=1+2+6 =1
=9 f ( 0) ( 0 ) 2 − 2
(d) =
(c) f(4) = (4)2 − 2(4) + 6 g (−3) − 3 −1

= 16 − 8 + 6 −2
=
−4
= 14
1
=
2
Instant Drill 6 (P.4.18)
(a) g(2a) = (2a)2 − 2(2a) − 1 Instant Drill 9 (P.4.21)
= 4a − 4a − 1
2
(a) ∵ f(1) = 0
(b) g(x − 1) = (x − 1) − 2(x − 1) − 1
2
∴ k + 2(1) = 0
= x − 2x + 1 − 2x + 2 − 1
2
k = −2
= x2 − 4x + 2 (b) From (a), f(x) = −2 + 2x.
∵ f(r) = 4r
Instant Drill 7 (P.4.19) ∴ −2 + 2r = 4r
(a) ∵ The value of the denominator x − 4 cannot be 0. −2 = 2r
∴ x−40 r = −1
x4
∴ The domain is all real numbers except 4. Instant Drill 10 (P.4.21)
1 − (−1) 2 Let t = x − 2. Then x = t + 2.
(b) G(−1) = =−
−1 − 4 5
Substitute x = t + 2 into g(x − 2) = 4x2 − 2x + 3.
1 − (−2) 3 1 g(t) = 4(t + 2)2 − 2(t + 2) + 3
G(−2) = = =−
−2−4 −6 2
= 4(t2 + 4t + 4) − 2t − 4 + 3
1 − (−3) 4 = 4t2 + 16t + 16 − 2t − 1
G(−3) = =−
−3− 4 7
= 4t2 + 14t + 15
4  1 1 ∴ g(x) = 4x2 + 14x + 15
(c) G(−3) − G(−2) = − − −  = −
7  2 14
2
G(−1) = − Instant Drill 11 (P.4.22)
5
2 1 (a) F(2x) = 2(2x) + 1
∵ − −
5 14 = 4x + 1
∴ G(−1) = G(−3) − G(−2) is not true. G(x + 1) = (x + 1) − 2
=x−1

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 Chapter 4: Basic Knowledge of Functions 135

(b) F(2x)  G(x + 1) = 9 Instant Drill Corner 4.1 (P.4.10)

(4x + 1)(x − 1) = 9 1. As the values of m can be chosen independently and
4x2 − 3x − 1 = 9 the values of n depend on the values of m, m is the
4x − 3x − 10 = 0
2 independent variable and n is the dependent variable.
(4x + 5)(x − 2) = 0
5 2. (a) When x = 3, there is more than one corresponding
x =− or 2
4
value of y (5 and 6).
∴ y is not a function of x.
Instant Drill 12 (P.4.24)
(b) For each value of x, there is one (and only one)
(a) Length of the other side
corresponding value of y.
24 − 2 x
= cm ∴ y is a function of x.
2
= (12 − x) cm (c)
Area of the rectangle = x(12 − x) cm2
∴ A(x) = 12x − x2
(b) The length of each side of a rectangle must be greater
than 0 cm.
∴ x>0
and 12 − x > 0
x < 12 There does not exist any vertical line which

∴ 0 < x < 12 intersects the graph at more than one point.

∴ The domain of the function A(x) is all real ∴ y is a function of x.

numbers greater than 0 and smaller than 12. (d) When x = 1,

(c) A(3) = 12(3) − (3)2 y2 = 4(1)

= 36 − 9 y2 = 4

= 27 y = 2

∴ The area of the rectangle is 27 cm2. i.e. There is more than one corresponding value

(d) A(x) = 40 of y (2 and −2).

∴ y is not a function of x.
12x − x2 = 40
x2 − 12x + 40 = 0
Discriminant of the above equation Instant Drill Corner 4.2 (P.4.24)

= (−12)2 − 4(1)(40) 1. (a) The domain of the function is all real numbers.
(b) ∵ The value of x + 5 under the radical sign
= −16
<0 cannot be negative.

∴ There is no real number x such that A(x) = 40. ∴ x+50

∴ It is not possible that the area of the rectangle is x  −5

40 cm2. ∴ The domain of the function is all real

numbers greater than or equal to −5.

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136 Solutions

2. (a) f(−1) = −3(−1) + 2 (c) For each value of x, there is one (and only one)
=3+2 corresponding value of y.
=5 ∴ y is a function of x.
f(4) = −3(4) + 2
= −12 + 2 3. (a) There is one corresponding value of y for each
= −10 value of x.
(b) ∵ f(k) = k − 6 (b) From (a), there is one (and only one)
∴ −3k + 2 = k − 6 corresponding value of y for each value of x.
8 = 4k ∴ y is a function of x.
k=2
4. (a) For each value of x, there is one (and only one)
3. (a) ∵ f(−2) = 7 corresponding value of y.
∴ 2
(−2) + (−2) + m = 7 ∴ y is a function of x.
4−2+m=7 (b) When x = 7, there is more than one corresponding
m=5 value of y (1 and 2).
2
(b) From (a), f(x) = x + x + 5. ∴ y is not a function of x.
2
f(3) = (3) + 3 + 5 (c) For each value of x, there is one (and only one)
=9+3+5 corresponding value of y.
= 17 ∴ y is a function of x.

4. (a) F(1) + G(1) = [3(1) − 2] + (1 + 4) 5. (a) (i) When x = 1, y = 4(1) − 1 = 3;

=1+5 when x = 2, y = 4(2) − 1 = 7;
=6 when x = 3, y = 4(3) − 1 = 11;
(b) F(0)  G(−2) = [3(0) − 2](−2 + 4) when x = 4, y = 4(4) − 1 = 15, etc.
= (−2)(2) ∴ For each value of x, there is one
= −4 corresponding value of y.
(ii) By the result of (a)(i),
Exercise 4A (P.4.11) y is a function of x.
1. (a) ∵ S is a function of n. (b) (i) When x = 1, y = 5(1) + 1 = 6;
∴ n is the independent variable and S is the when x = 2, y = 5(2) + 1 = 11;
dependent variable. when x = 3, y = 5(3) + 1 = 16;
(b) ∵ A is a function of r. when x = 4, y = 5(4) + 1 = 21, etc.
∴ r is the independent variable and A is the ∴ For each value of x, there is one
dependent variable. corresponding value of y.
(ii) By the result of (b)(i),
2. (a) For each value of x, there is one (and only one) y is a function of x.
corresponding value of y.
∴ y is a function of x.
(b) For each value of x, there are two corresponding
values of y.
∴ y is not a function of x.

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 Chapter 4: Basic Knowledge of Functions 137

(c) (i) When x = 1, y = (1)2 − 2 = −1; (f) (i) When x = 1, y =

10
= 10;
when x = 2, y = (2)2 − 2 = 2; 1
10
when x = 3, y = (3)2 − 2 = 7; when x = 2, y = = 5;
2
when x = 4, y = (4)2 − 2 = 14, etc. 10
when x = 3, y = ;
∴ For each value of x, there is one 3
corresponding value of y. 10 5
when x = 4, y = = , etc.
4 2
(ii) By the result of (c)(i),
∴ For each value of x, there is one
y is a function of x.
corresponding value of y.
(d) (i) When x = 1, y = (1)2 + 3 = 4;
(ii) By the result of (f)(i),
when x = 2, y = (2)2 + 3 = 7;
y is a function of x.
when x = 3, y = (3)2 + 3 = 12;
when x = 4, y = (4)2 + 3 = 19, etc.
6. (a)
∴ For each value of x, there is one
corresponding value of y.
(ii) By the result of (d)(i),
y is a function of x.
(e) (i) When x = 1,
1
y2 = (1)
2
1
y = ;
2 There does not exist any vertical line which
when x = 2, intersects the graph at more than one point.
1
y2 = (2) ∴ y is a function of x.
2
y2 = 1 (b)
y = 1;
when x = 3,
1
y2 = (3)
2
3
y = ;
2
when x = 4,
1
y2 = (4)
2
There does not exist any vertical line which
2
y =2
intersects the graph at more than one point.
y =  2 , etc.
∴ y is a function of x.
∴ For each value of x, there are two
corresponding values of y.
(ii) By the result of (e)(i),
y is not a function of x.

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138 Solutions

(c) 8. (a) When x = −2, y = 2(−2) + 3 = −1.

When x = 0, y = 2(0) + 3 = 3.
When x = 3, y = 2(3) + 3 = 9.
When x = 5, y = 2(5) + 3 = 13.
∴ x −2 0 3 5
y −1 3 9 13
(b) From (a), we observe that for each value of x,
there is one (and only one) corresponding value
There exists a vertical line which intersects the of y.
graph at two points. ∴ y is a function of x.
∴ y is not a function of x.
(d) 9. (a) According to the graph given,
when x = 1, y = 5;
when x = 2, y = 2;
when x = 3, y = 1;
when x = 4, y = 2;
when x = 5, y = 5.
∴ x 1 2 3 4 5
There does not exist any vertical line which y 5 2 1 2 5
intersects the graph at more than one point. (b) From (a), when x = 1, y = 5.
∴ y is a function of x. ∴ 5 = (1)2 − 6(1) + k
k = 10
7. (a) When x = 0, y = 0 − 2 = −2.
When x = 1, y = 1 − 2 = −1. 10. (a) When x = 2, y = 0.
When x = 2, y = 2 − 2 = 0. ∴ 0 = 5(2) + m
When x = 3, y = 3 − 2 = 1. m = −10
When x = 4, y = 4 − 2 = 2. (b) From (a), y = 5x − 10.
∴ x 0 1 2 3 4 When x = 4,
y −2 −1 0 1 2 y = 5(4) − 10
(b) = 20 − 10
= 10
(c) When y = 60,
60 = 5x − 10
70 = 5x
x = 14

11. (a) When x = 0, y = 30.

∴ 30 = C + 40(0)
C = 30

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 Chapter 4: Basic Knowledge of Functions 139

(b) From (a), y = 30 + 40x. When x = 5, y = 7 + 2(5) = 17.

Total cost of producing 20 toys When x = 6, y = 7 + 2(6) = 19.
= $[30 + 40(20)] ∴ Number of
times of
= $830 getting full 0 2 3 5 6
(c) When y = 2 000, marks in
dictation (x)
2 000 = 30 + 40x Number of
7 11 13 17 19
1 970 = 40x stickers (y)
x = 49.25 (ii) From (a)(i), we observe that for each value
∵ 49.25 is not an integer. of x, there is one (and only one)
∴ The total cost of production of that kind corresponding value of y.

of toy on a certain day cannot be exactly ∴ y is a function of x.

(b) (i)
$2 000.
∴ The claim is disagreed.

12. (a) (i) When x = −3, y = 5 − 3(−3) = 14.

When x = −1, y = 5 − 3(−1) = 8.
When x = 0, y = 5 − 3(0) = 5.
When x = 1, y = 5 − 3(1) = 2.
When x = 4, y = 5 − 3(4) = −7. (ii) From the graph in (b)(i), when x = 8,
∴ x −3 −1 0 1 4 y = 23
y  8 5 2 −7 ∴ The required number of stickers is 23.
(ii) From (a)(i), we observe that for each value
of x, there is one (and only one) 14. (a) From the graph, when x = 0, y = 4 000.
k ( 0)
corresponding value of y. ∴ 4 000 = a +
100
∴ y is a function of x.
a = 4 000
(b) (i)
kx
(b) From (a), y = 4 000 + .
100

(ii) From the graph in (b)(i), when x = 3, From the graph, when x = 50 000,
y = −4 y = 6 000
k (50 000 )
∴ 6 000 = 4 000 +
13. (a) (i) When x = 0, y = 7 + 2(0) = 7. 100
When x = 2, y = 7 + 2(2) = 11. 2 000 = 500k
When x = 3, y = 7 + 2(3) = 13. k=4

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140 Solutions

(c) From (a) and (b), 3. (a) f(0) = 0 + 2 = 2

4x (b) f(3) = 3 + 2 = 5
y = 4 000 +
100
(c) f(−1) = (−1) + 2 = 1
x
= 4 000 +
25
When x = 96 000, 4. (a) g(1) = (1)2 + 3(1) − 1 = 1 + 3 − 1 = 3

y = 4 000 +
96 000 (b) g(−2) = (−2)2 + 3(−2) − 1 = 4 − 6 − 1 = −3
25 (c) g(6) = (6)2 + 3(6) − 1 = 36 + 18 − 1 = 53
= 7 840
∴ His salary in that month is $7 840.
4 4
5. (a) h(0) = = =2
2−0 2
Exercise 4B (P.4.25) 4 4 1
(b) h(10) = = =−
1. (a) The domain is all real numbers. 2 − 10 − 8 2
(b) ∵ The value of the denominator x − 2 cannot be 4 4 2
(c) h(−4) = = =
0. 2 − ( −4) 6 3

∴ x−20
x2 6. (a) g(4) = 5(4) + 2 = 20 + 2 = 22
∴ The domain is all real numbers except 2. (b) f(4) = 6(4) − 7 = 24 − 7 = 17
(c) ∵ The value of x − 1 under the radical sign (c) h(4) = −(4)2 + 2(4) + 8 = −16 + 8 + 8 = 0
cannot be negative.
∴ x−10 7. (a) f(2a) = (2a)2 + 1 = 4a2 + 1
2
x1 1 1 1
(b) f   =   + 1 = 2 +1
∴ The domain is all real numbers greater than a a a
or equal to 1. (c) f(a + 1) = (a + 1)2 + 1
= a2 + 2a + 1 + 1
2. (a) ∵ The value of x + 1 under the radical sign = a2 + 2a + 2
cannot be negative.
∴ x+10 8. (a) The domain is all real numbers.

x  −1 (b) f(1) = 2(1) + 5 = 7

∴ The domain is all real numbers greater than f(3) = 2(3) + 5 = 11

or equal to −1. f(4) = 2(4) + 5 = 13

(b) ∵ The value of the denominator x + 4 cannot be (c) f(4) − f(3) = 13 − 11 = 2
0. f(1) = 7
∴ x+40 ∵ 27

x  −4 ∴ f(4) − f(3) = f(1) is not true.

∴ The domain is all real numbers except −4.
(c) ∵ The value of 7 − x under the radical sign 9. (a) ∵ The value of the denominator x + 3 cannot be

cannot be negative. 0.
∴ 7−x0 ∴ x+30

x7 x  −3
∴ The domain is all real numbers smaller than ∴ The domain is all real numbers except −3.

or equal to 7.

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 Chapter 4: Basic Knowledge of Functions 141

(b) f(3) =
24
=
24
=4 (c) f(2)  f(3) = [2(2) + 3][2(3) + 3]
3+3 6 = (7)(9)
24 24 = 63
f(5) = = =3
5+3 8
f (6) 2(6) + 3
(d) =
f(15) =
24
=
24 4
= f (1) 2(1) + 3
15 + 3 18 3 15
=
(c) f(3)  f(5) = 4  3 = 12 5
4 =3
f(15) =
3
4
∵ 12  13. (a) f(1) + g(1) = (3 − 1) + [2(1) + 10]
3
∴ f(3)  f(5) = f(15) is not true. = 2 + 12
= 14

10. (a) f(2) = 22 = 4 (b) f(−2) − g(3) = [3 − (−2)] − [2(3) + 10]

f(3) = 23 = 8 = 5 − 16

f(6) = 26 = 64 = −11

(b) f(6)  f(2) = 64  4 = 16 (c) f(5)  g(−3) = (3 − 5)[2(−3) + 10]

f(3) = 8 = (−2)(4)

∵ 16  8 = −8
g ( 4) 2(4) + 10
∴ The value of f(6)  f(2) is not equal to that of (d) =
f ( 0) 3−0
f(3).
18
=
3
11. (a) 3 − f(1) = 3 − 2(1)3 =6
=3−2
=1 14. (a) f(2) + g(4) = −5(2) + [(4)2 − 3(4)]
f (3) 2(3) 3 = −10 + 4
(b) =
9 9
= −6
=6
(b) f(−1) − g(−1) = −5(−1) − [(−1)2 − 3(−1)]
 1   1 3 
(c) 2 f  −  = 2  2 −   =5−4
 2   2  
=1
1 (c) f(1)  g(3) = [−5(1)][(3)2 − 3(3)]
=−
2
= (−5)(0)
(d) [f(1)]2 = [2(1)3]2 =0
2
=2 f ( −2) −5(−2)
(d) = 2
=4 g (5) (5) − 3(5)
10
=
12. (a) f(5) + f(−5) = [2(5) + 3] + [2(−5) + 3] 10
=1
=6
(b) f(2) − f(4) = [2(2) + 3] − [2(4) + 3]
3
15. (a) f(60) = sin 60 =
= 7 − 11 2
= −4 2
(b) 4f(45) = 4 sin 45 = 4  =2 2
2

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142 Solutions

(c) f(30) + f(90) = sin 30 + sin 90 3 300 − 2 500

21. (a) f(3 300) =
1 7 700
= +1 800
2 =
3 7 700
=
2 = 0.10, cor. to 2 d.p.
∴ The average daily increase in the weight of
16. ∵ f(2) = 4 the teenager will be 0.10 kg.
∴ k(2) − 2 = 4  2 600 − 2 500 
(b) 30f(2 600) = 30 
2k = 6  7 700 
k=3  100 
= 30 
 7 700 
= 0.39, cor. to 2 d.p.
17. ∵ g(−1) = 6
∴ The increase in the weight of the teenager
∴ p + (−1) − (−1)2 = 6
will be 0.39 kg after 30 days.
p−1−1=6
p=8
22. (a) A() = 6 2
(b) The length of each side of the cube must be
18. (a) ∵ h(−3) = 10
greater than 0 cm.
∴ (−3)2 − m(−3) + 4 = 10
∴ The domain of the function A() is all real
9 + 3m + 4 = 10
numbers greater than 0.
3m = −3
(c) A(3) = 6(3)2 = 54
m = −1
∴ The required total surface area = 54 cm2
(b) From (a),
h(x) = x2 − (−1)x + 4
23. ∵ f(−2) = 3
= x2 + x + 4
∴ a(−2) + b = 3
h(5) = (5)2 + 5 + 4
−2a + b = 3
= 25 +  + 4
When a = −2,
= 34
−2(−2) + b = 3
b = −1
19. Let t = x − 3. Then x = t + 3.
∴ f(x) = −2x − 1
Substitute x = t + 3 into f(x − 3) = 6x + 4.
(or other reasonable answers)
f(t) = 6(t + 3) + 4
= 6t + 22
24. (a) ∵ The value of the denominator 3x + 1 cannot
∴ f(x) = 6x + 22
be 0.
t −1 ∴ 3x + 1  0
20. Let t = 2x + 1. Then x = .
2 1
x −
t −1 3
Substitute x = into g(2x + 1) = 1 − 2x.
2 1
∴ The domain is all real numbers except − .
 t −1  3
g(t) = 1 − 2 
 2 
=1−t+1
=2−t
∴ g(x) = 2 − x

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 Chapter 4: Basic Knowledge of Functions 143

(b) ∵ The value of 2x − 5 under the radical sign  2

1−  − 
 2  3
cannot be negative. (b) G −  =
 3  2
∴ 2x − 5  0 1 + 2 − 
 3
5
x 5
2
∴ The domain is all real numbers greater than = 3
1
5 −
or equalto . 3
2
= −5
(c) For x(x + 6) = 0,
 1
1−  − 
x = 0 or −6  1  b
(c) G −  =
∵ The value of the denominator x(x + 6) cannot  b  1 + 2 − 1 
 
be 0.  b
b +1
∴ x(x + 6)  0
= b
x  0 and x  −6 b−2
∴ The domain is all real numbers except 0 and b

−6. b +1
=
b−2
(d) For x2 − 4 = 0,
(x + 2)(x − 2) = 0 1 − (1 + b)
(d) G(1 + b) =
1 + 2(1 + b)
x = −2 or 2
1−1− b
∵ The value of the denominator x2 − 4 cannot =
1 + 2 + 2b
be 0. b
=−
∴ x2 − 4  0 3 + 2b
x  −2 and x  
∴ The domain is all real numbers except 2 and 2(5) 10
27. (a) F(5) = = = 10
−2. 5−4 1
2(8) 16
F(8) = = =8
8−4 4
25. (a) f(3) = 2(3) + 5(3) − 3
2

= 18 + 15 − 3 2(13) 26 26
F(13) = = =
13 − 4 9 3
= 30
(b) f(−2) − f(1) (b) F(5) + F(8) = 10 + 8 = 18
26
= [2(−2)2 + 5(−2) − 3] − [2(1)2 + 5(1) − 3] F(13) =
3
= (8 − 10 − 3) − (2 + 5 − 3) 26
∵ 18 
= −5 − 4 3
= −9 ∴ F(5) + F(8) = F(13) is not true.

1−
1 28. (a) g(4) − f(2)
1 2
26. (a) G  = = [2(4) + 1] − [(2)2 + 2]
 2  1 + 2 1 
  =9−6
2
1 =3
=2
2
1
=
4

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144 Solutions

1 1 30. (a) ∵ h(4) = −2

(b) f    g 
 3  3 ∴ (4)2 − 9(4) + k = −2
 1  2 1    1   −20 + k = −2
=   +  2  + 1
 3  3    3   k = 18
 4  5  (b) From (a), h(x) = x2 − 9x + 18.
=   
 9  3  h(a) = 10
20
= a − 9a + 18 = 10
2
27
a2 − 9a + 8 = 0
 1  1
g  −  2 −  + 1 (a − 1)(a − 8) = 0
(c)  4  =  4
1 1
2
1 a = 1 or 8
f    +
2 2 2
1 31. (a) ∵ F(−3) = 0
=2 ∴ 2(−3) − a(−3) − 9 = 0
2
3
4 3a + 9 = 0

=
2 3a = −9
3 a = −3
 1 (b) From (a), F(x) = 2x + 3x − 9.
2
(d) 8 f  −  + 2 g ( x − 1)
 2 F(2) = 2(2)2 + 3(2) − 9
 1   1 
2
=5
= 8 −  +  −  + 2[2(x − 1) + 1]
 2   2  (c) ∵ F(x) = x − 1
 1 ∴ 2x + 3x − 9 = x − 1
2
= 8 −  + 2(2x − 1)
 4 2x2 + 2x − 8 = 0
= −2 + 4x − 2
x2 + x − 4 = 0
= 4x − 4
− 1  12 − 4(1)(−4)
x=
2(1)
29. (a) ∵ S(8) = 5
− 1 17
∴ 3k(8) + k = 5 =
2
25k = 5
1 1
k= 32. ∵ f(−1) = f  
5
2
(b) From (a), 2
1 1
∴ (−1)2 + 2k(−1) − 1 =   + 2k   − 1
1 1  
2 2
S(x) = 3  x +
 
5 5 3
−2k = k −
3 1 4
= x+ 3
5 5 −3k = −
4
∵ S(a) = −7 1
k=
3 1 4
∴ a + = −7
5 5
3a + 1 = −35
3a = −36
a = −12

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 Chapter 4: Basic Knowledge of Functions 145

33. (a) ∵ f(b) = b 37. (a) f(x − 2) = (x − 2) + 3

∴ b2 − 2b − 4 = b =x+1
b2 − 3b − 4 = 0 g(3x) = 3x − 1
(b + 1)(b − 4) = 0 (b) f(x − 2)  g(3x) = 4
b = −1 or 4 (x + 1)(3x − 1) = 4
(b) ∵ f(t + 2) = f(t) + f(2) 3x2 + 2x − 1 = 4
∴ (t + 2)2 − 2(t + 2) − 4 = (t2 − 2t − 4) + 3x2 + 2x − 5 = 0
[(2)2 − 2(2) − 4] (3x + 5)(x − 1) = 0
t + 4t + 4 − 2t − 4 − 4 = t − 2t − 8
2 2
5
x =− or 1
4t = −4 3

t = −1
 x  x
38. (a) F   = 6  + 4
34. Let t = x − 4. Then x = t + 4. 3 3
Substitute x = t + 4 into f(x − 4) = x2 − 8x + 7. = 2x + 4

f(t) = (t + 4)2 − 8(t + 4) + 7 G(x + 1) = 2 − (x + 1)2

= t2 + 8t + 16 − 8t − 32 + 7 = 2 − (x2 + 2x + 1)
= t2 − 9 = 1 − 2x − x2
∴ f(x) = x2 − 9 x
(b) F   + x = G(x + 1)
3
2x + 4 + x = 1 − 2x − x2
t−2
35. (a) Let t = 3x + 2. Then x = . x2 + 5x + 3 = 0
3
t−2 − 5  5 2 − 4(1)(3)
Substitute x = into g(3x + 2) = 9x2 − 3x − 2. x=
3 2(1)
2
t−2 t−2 − 5  13
g(t) = 9  − 3 −2 =
 3   3  2
= t2 − 4t + 4 − t + 2 − 2
= t2 − 5t + 4 39. (a) A(x) = (10 + x)2
∴ g(x) = x − 5x + 4
2
(b) As the width of the jogging track is greater
(b) g(1) + g(−1) than 1 m, x > 1.
= [(1)2 − 5(1) + 4] + [(−1)2 − 5(−1) + 4] As the jogging track is inside the square
= 0 + 10 park,
= 10 2(10 + x)  30
10 + x  15
36. (a) g(x + 1) = 5 − 2(x + 1) x5
= 3 − 2x ∴ The domain of the function A(x) is all real
(b) g(x + 1)  g(x) = −1 numbers greater than 1 and smaller than or
(3 − 2x)(5 − 2x) = −1 equal to 5.
15 − 16x + 4x2 = −1 (c) A(2) = (10 + 2)2
4x2 − 16x + 16 =  = 144
x − 4x + 4 = 0
2
∴ The total area of the flower bed and the
(x − 2) = 0
2
jogging track is 144 m2.
x = 2 (repeated)

© Oxf**d University Press 2019

146 Solutions

40. (a) 41. (a) P(n) = 25n − (400 + 6n)

∴ P(n) = 19n − 400
(b) ∵ The number of fruit tarts made each day
cannot be negative and should be an integer.
∴ The domain of the function P(n) is all
non-negative integers.
(c) P(70) = 19(70) − 400
With the notations in the figure, = 930
area of the cardboard ∴ The required profit is $930.
= area of rectangle P + area of rectangle Q (d) P(n) = 0
= [(10 − x)(x + 3) + 2(10)] cm 2
19n − 400 = 0
= (7x − x + 30 + 20) cm
2 2 19n = 400
2
= (−x + 7x + 50) cm 2 400
n=
19
∴ A(x) = −x2 + 7x + 50
400
(b) ∵ The length of each side of the cardboard ∵ is not an integer.
19
must be greater than 0 cm. ∴ It is not possible that Patrick does not make
∴ x>0 any profit or loss after selling all the fruit
and x + 3 > 0 tarts made on a certain day.
x > −3 ∴ The claim is disagreed.
From the figure, x must be smaller than 10.
∴ 0 < x < 10 Supplementary Exercise 4 (P.4.31)
∴ The domain of the function A(x) is all real 1. (a) For each value of x, there is one (and only one)
numbers greater than 0 and smaller than 10. corresponding value of y.
(c) A(5) = −(5) + 7(5) + 50
2
∴ y is a function of x.
= 60 (b) When x = 0, there is more than one corresponding
∴ The area of the cardboard is 60 cm2. value of y (4, 5 and 6).
(d) A(x) = 63 ∴ y is not a function of x.
−x + 7x + 50 = 63
2
(c) When x = 2, there is no corresponding value of y.
x − 7x + 13 = 0
2
∴ y is not a function of x.
Discriminant of the above equation
= (−7)2 − 4(1)(13)
= −3
<0
∵ There is no real number x such that
A(x) = 63.
∴ It is not possible that the area of the
cardboard is 63 cm2.

© Oxf**d University Press 2019

 Chapter 4: Basic Knowledge of Functions 147

2. (a) When x = 2, 3. (a)

y =2−1
2

y2 = 1
y = 1;
when x = 3,
y2 = 3 − 1
y2 = 2
y = 2 ;
when x = 4, There does not exist any vertical line which
y =4−1
2
intersects the graph at more than one point.
2
y =3 ∴ y is a function of x.
y = 3; (b)
when x = 5,
y2 = 5 − 1
y2 = 4
y = 2, etc.
For each value of x, there are two corresponding
value of y.
∴ y is not a function of x.
(b) When x = 1, y = (1 + 1)(1 − 2) = −2; There does not exist any vertical line which
when x = 2, y = (2 + 1)(2 − 2) = 0; intersects the graph at more than one point.
when x = 3, y = (3 + 1)(3 − 2) = 4; ∴ y is a function of x.
when x = 4, y = (4 + 1)(4 − 2) = 10, etc. (c)
For each value of x, there is one (and only one)
corresponding value of y.
∴ y is a function of x.
(c) When x = 1, y = 7 + 21 = 9;
when x = 2, y = 7 + 22 = 11;
when x = 3, y = 7 + 23 = 15;
when x = 4, y = 7 + 24 = 23, etc.
For each value of x, there is one (and only one) There exists a vertical line which intersects the
corresponding value of y. graph at two points.
∴ y is a function of x. ∴ y is not a function of x.

4. (a) From the graph, when x = 0, y = 8.

(b) From the graph, when x = 3, y = 2.
(c) From the graph, when y = 2, x = 3.

5. (a) The domain is all real numbers.

(b) The domain is all real numbers.

© Oxf**d University Press 2019

148 Solutions

(c) ∵ The value of the denominator x + 3 cannot be 1 3

10. (a) f(−1) = (−1)2 + 2−1 = 1+ =
0. 2 2

∴ x+30 f(0) = (0)2 + 20 = 1

f(1) = (1)2 + 21 = 1 + 2 = 3
x  −3
3 9
∴ The domain is all real numbers except −3. (b) f(−1) + f(1) = +3=
2 2
(d) ∵ The value of 6 + x under the radical sign
f(0) = 1
cannot be negative. 9
∵ 1
∴ 6+x0 2
x  −6 ∴ f(−1) + f(1) = f(0) is not true.
∴ The domain is all real numbers greater than
or equal to −6. 11. (a) g(3) − f(2)
= [8(3) − 3] − (2 − 1)2
6. (a) f(1) = (1)2 − 4(1) − 3 = 1 − 4 − 3 = −6 = 21 − 1
(b) f(−3) = (−3)2 − 4(−3) − 3 = 9 + 12 − 3 = 18 = 20
(b) 2f(0) + g(1)
5(4) 20 = 2(0 − 1)2 + [8(1) − 3]
7. (a) f(4) = = = 10
4−2 2 = 2(1) + 5
1 5
5  =7
1 3
(b) f = = 3 = −1 (c) f(4)  g(−1)
 
3 1
−2 −
5
3 3 = (4 − 1)2[8(−1) − 3]
= (9)(−11)
8. f(1) = 1 − 1 + 2(1) = 2 = −99
f(5) = 5 − 1 + 2(5) f ( −2)
(d)
= 2 + 10 g ( −3)

= 12 [( −2) − 1]2
=
8(−3) − 3
f(10) = 10 − 1 + 2(10)
9
= 3 + 20 =
− 27
= 23 1
=−
3
9. (a) f(−a) = 2(−a)2 − 3(−a) + 1
= 2a2 + 3a + 1 12. (a) 1 − [f(50)]2 = 1 − [cos (50 + 10)]2
(b) f(3a2) = 2(3a2)2 − 3(3a2) + 1 = 1 − cos2 60
2
= 2(9a4) − 9a2 + 1 1
=1−  
= 18a4 − 9a2 + 1 2
(c) f(a + 1) = 2(a + 1)2 − 3(a + 1) + 1 3
=
4
= 2(a2 + 2a + 1) − 3a − 3 + 1
= 2a2 + a
(d) f(2a − 1) = 2(2a − 1)2 − 3(2a − 1) + 1
= 2(4a2 − 4a + 1) − 6a + 3 + 1
= 8a2 − 14a + 6

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 Chapter 4: Basic Knowledge of Functions 149

(b) f(20)  f(50) (c) C(4.5)

= cos (20 + 10)  cos (50 + 10) = 8(4.5)3
= cos 30  cos 60 = 729
3 1 ∴ The total cost of the material used is $729.
=  
2 2

=
3 17. (a) When x = 0, y = −2.
4 ∴ −2 = (0)b + c
c = −2
13. ∵ f(k) = 8
∴ y = bx − 2
∴ 2k + k − 1 = 8
When x = −2, y = −8.
3k = 9 ∴ −8 = −2b − 2
k=3 2b = 6
b=3
14. (a) ∵ f(3) = −11
(b) From (a), y = 3x − 2.
∴ k(3)2 + 4(3) − 5 = −11
When x = 1, y = a.
9k + 7 = −11 ∴ a = 3(1) − 2
9k = −18 =1
k = −2
(b) From (a), f(x) = −2x2 + 4x − 5. 18. (a) When x = 1, C = 230.
f(−2) = −2(−2)2 + 4(−2) − 5 ∴ 230 = k + 30(1)
= −8 − 8 − 5 k = 200
= −21 From the table, we observe that for each value of
x, there is one (and only one) corresponding value
15. (a) Let t = x + 7. Then x = t − 7. of C.
Substitute x = t − 7 into f(x + 7) = 2x − 3. ∴ C is a function of x.
f(t) = 2(t − 7) − 3 (b) From (a), C = 200 + 30x.
= 2t − 17 When x = 20,
∴ f(x) = 2x − 17
C = 200 + 30(20)
(b) f(9) = 2(9) − 17 = 800
=1 ∴ The total cost of production for 20 watches is
$800.
4
16. (a) C(r) = 6  πr 3 (c) When C = 1 700,
3
1 700 = 200 + 30x
∴ C(r) = 8r3
1 500 = 30x
(b) The radius of the sphere made is smaller than
x = 50
8 cm and greater than 0 cm.
∴ The number of watches produced is 50.
∴ The domain of the function C(r) is all real
numbers greater than 0 and smaller than 8.

© Oxf**d University Press 2019

150 Solutions

19. (a) When m = 1, N = 7 + 3(1) = 10. (c) ∵ The value of x + 7 under the radical sign in
When m = 2, N = 7 + 3(2) = 13. the denominator cannot be less than or equal
When m = 4, N = 7 + 3(4) = 19. to 0.
When m = 7, N = 7 + 3(7) = 28. ∴ x+7>0
∴ Row (m) 1 2 4 7 x > −7
Number of ∴ The domain is all real numbers greater than
10 13 19 28
seats (N)
−7.
(b) From (a), we observe that for each value of m,
(d) For x2 − x − 6 = 0,
there is one (and only one) corresponding value
(x + 2)(x − 3) = 0
of N.
x = −2 or 3
∴ N is a function of m.
∵ The value of the denominator x2 − x − 6
(c) (i)
cannot be 0.
∴ x2 − x − 6  0
x  −2 and x  3
∴ The domain is all real numbers except −2
and 3.

2 −1 1
21. (a) f(2) = =
4 ( 2) 8
(ii) From the graph, when m = 6,
5 −1 2 1
N = 25 (b) f(5) = = =
4(5) 20 10
∴ The number of seats in row 6 in the
lecture theatre is 25.
1 1  1  2  1
22. (a) f  − =   − 1 −
 
2 g ( 2)  
2  2 + 2
20. (a) ∵ The value of the denominator 2 − 3x cannot 2
be 0. 1  1
=  − 1 −
∴ 2 − 3x  0 4  2
2 5
x =−
3 4
2  (−3) + 2 
∴ The domain is all real numbers except . (b) [f(2)]2  g(−3) = [(2)2 − 1]2  
3  −3 
(b) ∵ x2  0 1
= (4 − 1)2  
∴ x2 + 1  0 3
The value of x2 + 1 under the radical sign will not =3
1+ 2
be negative for any real number x. (c) g(1) − f(c − 1) = − [(c − 1)2 − 1]
1
∴ The domain is all real numbers.
= 3 − (c2 − 2c + 1 − 1)
= −c2 + 2c + 3

© Oxf**d University Press 2019

 Chapter 4: Basic Knowledge of Functions 151

23. g(x) = x + 8 27. (a) ∵ g(1) = 1

x2 + 4x − 2 = x + 8 ∴ a(1) + b(1) + 4 = 1
2

x2 + 3x − 10 = 0 a + b = −3 ……………… (1)
(x + 5)(x − 2) = 0 ∵ g(2) = 2
x = −5 or 2 ∴ a(2) + b(2) + 4 = 2
2

4a + 2b = −2
24. f(k) = g(k) 2a + b = −1 ……..……….. (2)
k + 2 = 5k − 2
2
(2) − (1): a = 2
k − 5k + 4 = 0
2 Substitute a = 2 into (1).
(k − 1)(k − 4) = 0 2 + b = −3
k = 1 or 4 b = −5
(b) From (a), g(x) = 2x2 − 5x + 4.
25. (a) ∵ f(1) − f(5) = 4 g(3) = 2(3)2 − 5(3) + 4
∴ [−(1) 2 + k(1) + 7] − [−(5)2 + k(5) + 7] = 4 =7
(k + 6) − (5k − 18) = 4 3
∴ g(3) = 3 is not true.
−4k = −20
k=5
28. ∵ f(0) = −48
(b) From (a), f(x) = −x2 + 5x + 7.
∵ f(a) = 3 ∴ p(0)2 + q(0) + r = −48

∴ −a2 + 5a + 7 = 3 r = −48
∴ f(x) = px + qx − 48
2
a2 − 5a − 4 = 0
∵ f(1) = −21
− (−5)  (−5) 2 − 4(1)( −4)
a= ∴ p(1)2 + q(1) − 48 = −21
2(1)
p + q = 27 ……..……… (1)
5  41
= ∵ f(2) = 0
2
∴ p(2) + q(2) − 48 = 0
2

1 4p + 2q = 48
26. (a) ∵ h  = −9
3 2p + q = 24 ……..……… (2)
1
2
1 (2) − (1): p = −3
∴ 3  + 2  + m = −9
3 3 Substitute p = −3 into (1).
1 2
+ + m = −9 −3 + q = 27
3 3
q = 30
1 + m = −9
m = −10
29. (a) g(1 − x) = 2(1 − x)2 − 5(1 − x) − 17
(b) From (a), h(x) = 3x + 2x − 10.
2

= 2(1 − 2x + x2) − 5 + 5x − 17
4k − h(k) = 2
= 2x2 + x − 20
4k − (3k2 + 2k − 10) = 2
(b) ∵ f(n) = g(1 − n)
−3k2 + 2k + 10 = 2
∴ n − 4n + 4 = 2n2 + n − 20
2
3k2 − 2k − 8 = 0
n2 + 5n − 24 = 0
(3k + 4)(k − 2) = 0
(n + 8)(n − 3) = 0
4
k =− or 2 n = −8 or 3
3

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152 Solutions

30. (a) h(x) = 4f(x) − [g(x)]2 (b) ∵ The length of the shortest side is 12 cm.
= 4(x2 + 1) − (2x − 1)2 ∴ x > 12
= 4x2 + 4 − (4x2 − 4x + 1) ∵ The area is less than 150 cm2.
∴ h(x) = 4x + 3 1
∴ (12)x < 150
(b) ∵ h(a) = 0 2
x < 25
∴ 4a + 3 = 0
∴ 12 < x < 25
3
a =− ∴ The domain of the function h(x) is all real
4
numbers greater than 12 and smaller than 25.
t −1 (c)
1
(12) x = 120
31. (a) Let t = 2x + 1. Then x = .
2 2
t −1 x = 20
Substitute x = into f(2x + 1) = 4x2 − 6x − 3.
2 h(20) = 20 2 + 144
2
 t −1   t −1 
f(t) = 4  − 6 −3 = 23.3, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
 2   2 
∴ The length of the hypotenuse is 23.3 cm.
= t2 − 2t + 1 − 3t + 3 − 3
= t2 − 5t + 1
34. (a) S(x) = 6x
∴ f(x) = x2 − 5x + 1
(b) ∵ The length of each stick must be greater than
(b) ∵ f(2k + 1) = f(k)
0 cm.
∴ 4k2 − 6k − 3 = k2 − 5k + 1
∴ x>0
3k2 − k − 4 = 0
∵ The length of each stick is not greater than
(k + 1)(3k − 4) = 0
15 cm.
4
k = −1 or ∴ x  15
3
∴ 0 < x  15
∴ The domain of the function S(x) is all real
32. (a) f(x − 1) = (x − 1) + 5
numbers greater than 0 and smaller than or
=x+4
equal to 15.
g(x + 2) = (x + 2)2 − (x + 2)
(c) S(8) = 6(8) = 48
= x2 + 4x + 4 − x − 2
∴ The perimeter of the regular hexagon is
= x2 + 3x + 2
48 cm.
(b) g(x + 2) − f(x − 1) = 13
(d) S(x) = 96
(x2 + 3x + 2) − (x + 4) = 13
6x = 96
x2 + 2x − 15 = 0
x = 16
(x + 5)(x − 3) = 0
∵ The length of each stick is not greater than
x = −5 or 3
15 cm.
∴ The perimeter of the regular hexagon formed
33. (a) By Pythagoras’ theorem,
cannot be 96 cm.
[h(x)]2 = x2 + 122

h( x) = x 2 + 144 or − x 2 + 144 (rejected)

35. (a) C(100) = 2 600 + 80(100) = 10 600
∴ The cost of producing 100 squash rackets on
a certain day is $10 600.

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 Chapter 4: Basic Knowledge of Functions 153

(b) (i) P(n) = 250n − (2 600 + 80n) (d) A(x) = 60

∴ P(n) = 170n − 2 600 x(15 − x) = 60
(ii) ∵ The number of squash rackets produced 15x − x2 = 60
cannot be negative and should be an x2 − 15x + 60 = 0
integer. Discriminant of the above equation
∴ The domain of the function P(n) is all = (−15)2 − 4(1)(60)
non-negative integers. = −15
(iii) P(200) = 170(200) − 2 600 <0
= 31 400 ∴ It is not possible for James to cut a rectangle
∴ The profit made is $31 400. of area 60 cm2 out of the cardboard.
(iv) P(n) = 40 000 ∴ The claim is disagreed.
170n − 2 600 = 40 000
170n = 42 600 37. (a) ∵ f(3) − f(1) = 24

n=
4 260 ∴ [2(3)2 + k(3) − 3] − [2(1)2 + k(1) − 3] = 24
17
3k + 15 − k + 1 = 24
4 260
∵ is not an integer. 2k = 8
17
∴ It is not possible that the profit made is k=4
exactly $40 000. (b) From (a), f(x) = 2x2 + 4x − 3.
∴ The claim is disagreed. f(x) = r
2x + 4x − 3 = r
2

36. (a) Length of the other side of the rectangle 2x + 4x − 3 − r = 0

2

30 − 2 x
= cm ∵ The equation f(x) = r has real root(s).
2
∴ 42 − 4(2)(−3 − r)  0
= (15 − x) cm
16 + 24 + 8r  0
Area of the rectangle = x(15 − x) cm2
∴ A(x) = x(15 − x) 8r  −40

(b) ∵ The length of each side of a rectangle must r  −5

be greater than 0 cm.

∴ x>0 38. (a) Construct AP ⊥ DC.

and 15 − x > 0
x < 15
∴ 0 < x < 15
∴ The domain of the function A(x) is all real
AP = BC = 3 cm
numbers greater than 0 and smaller than 15.
DP = DC − PC = DC − AB = [(x + 3) − (x − 1)] cm
(c) (i) A(6) = 6(15 − 6) = 54
= 4 cm
∴ The area of the rectangle is 54 cm2.
In △ADP, by Pythagoras’ theorem,
(ii) A(x) = 26
AD2 = DP2 + AP2
x(15 − x) = 26
15x − x2 = 26 AD = DP 2 + AP 2

x2 − 15x + 26 = 0 = 4 2 + 32 cm
(x − 2)(x − 13) = 0 = 5 cm
x = 2 or 13

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154 Solutions

(b) A(x) (b) (i) From (a)(ii),

1
= 2  [( x − 1) + ( x + 3)]( 3) + (x + 1)(5) + f(x) = x3 − (32)x2 + (22)x + 3
2
= x3 − 9x2 + 4x + 3
(3)(x + 1) + (x − 1)(x + 1) + (x + 3)(x + 1)
= 6x + 6 + 5x + 5 + 3x + 3 + x2 − 1 + x2 + 4x + 3 h(x)

= 2x2 + 18x + 16 = g(x) − f(x)

∴ A(x) = 2x2 + 18x + 16 = (x3 − 6x2 + 5x − 2) − (x3 − 9x2 + 4x + 3)

(c) ∵ The length of each edge of a prism must be = 3x2 + x − 5

greater than 0 cm. (ii) Consider the quadratic equation

∴ x−1>0 3x2 + x − 5 = 0.

x>1  = 12 − 4(3)(−5)

x+1>0 = 61

x > −1 >0

x+3>0 ∴ The number of points of intersection is

x > −3 2.

∴ The domain of the function A(x) is all real

numbers greater than 1. 40. (a) ∵ f(2) = 48

(d) A(x) = 120 ∴ a(2) + 4b(2) = 48

2

2x2 + 18x + 16 = 120 4a + 8b = 48

2x2 + 18x − 104 = 0 a + 2b = 12

x2 + 9x − 52 = 0 2b = 12 − a
a
(x − 4)(x + 13) = 0 b=6−
2
x = 4 or −13 (rejected) a
a b=6−
DC = (x + 3) cm 2
2
= (4 + 3) cm 2 6− =5
2
= 7 cm
4
4 6− =4
2
39. (a) (i) ∵ f(1) = −1 6− =3
6
6
∴ (1) − a (1) + b (1) + 3 = −1
3 2 2 2 2
8
1 − a2 + b2 + 3 = −1 8 6− =2
2
a2 − b2 = 5 10
10 6− =1
(a + b)(a − b) = 5 2
(ii) ∵ a and b are positive integers. ∴ There are 5 pairs of possible values of a and
b.
a + b = 5 ................(1)
∴ 
a − b = 1 .................(2)
(b) (i) Greatest possible value of a = 10
∴ b=1
(1) + (2): 2a = 6
a=3 x = 10 or x=1

Substitute a = 3 into (1). x − 10 = 0 or x − 1 = 0

∴ (x − 10)(x − 1) = 0
3+b=5
b=2 x2 − 11x + 10 = 0
∴ g(x) = x2 − 11x + 10

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 Chapter 4: Basic Knowledge of Functions 155

(ii) g(x + 1) = (x + 1)2 − 11(x + 1) + 10 44. C

= x2 + 2x + 1 − 11x − 11 + 10 2f(x) − f(x − 1)
= x − 9x
2
= 2(x2 − 3x + 2) + [(x − 1)2 − 3(x − 1) + 2]
f(x) − g(x + 1) = 2x2 − 6x + 4 − (x2 − 2x + 1 − 3x + 3 + 2)
= [10x2 + 4(1)x] − (x2 − 9x) = x2 − x − 2
= 10x2 + 4x − x2 + 9x
= 9x2 + 13x 45. C
∵ f(k2) = f(−k)
41. B ∴ 2k2 + 1 = 2(−k) + 1
I. For each value of x, there is one (and only one) 2k2 + 2k = 0
corresponding value of y. 2k(k + 1) = 0
∴ y is a function of x. k = 0 or −1
II. When x = 2 and x = 5, there are two corresponding
values of y. 46. C
∴ y is not a function of x. ∵ f(1) = f(2)
III. For each value of x, there is one (and only one) ∴ (1) + k(1) + k = (2)2 + k(2) + k
2

corresponding value of y. 1 + 2k = 4 + 3k
∴ y is a function of x. k = −3
∴ Only I and III represent that y is a function of x. ∴ f(x) = x − 3x − 3
2

f(−1) = (−1)2 − 3(−1) − 3

42. D =1
∵ The value of 3 − 2x under the radical sign cannot
be negative. 47. A
∴ 3 − 2x  0 From the figure,
−2x  −3 f(−2) = 1, f(0) = −1, f(1) = 0, f(2) = 1.
3 f (−2)  f (0) (1)( −1)
x ∴ = = −1
2 f (1) + f (2) 0 +1
∴ The domain is all real numbers smaller than or
3 48. (a) (ii) a = 2, b = 3
equal to .
2
− 3  41
(b) 2x2 + 3x − 4,
4
43. A
49. C 50. A 51. D 52. C
1 
 − 1  − 5 − 1 
1
f   f (−5) =  5   53. A 54. C 55. A
5  1  − 5 
 
 5 
6
= ( − 4 ) 
5
24
=−
5

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156 Solutions

Inquiry & Investigation 4.1 (P.4.40) x2

Consider y = 
Investigation Steps 4
1. (a) When x = 1, y = 3(1)2 = 3; (1) 2 1
When x = 1, y = = ;
4 4
when x = 2, y = 3(2)2 = 12;
( 2) 2
when x = 3, y = 3(3)2 = 27; when x = 2, y = = ;
4
when x = 4, y = 3(4)2 = 48, etc. (3) 2 9
when x = 3, y = = ;
∴ For each value of x, there is one 4 4
corresponding value of y. ( 4) 2
when x = 4, y = = , etc.
4
(b) By the result of (a),
For each value of x, there is one (and only one)
y is a function of x.
corresponding value of y.
∴ y is a function of x.
2. (a) When y = 12,
When y = 1,
3x2 = 12
x2
x2 = 4 1=
4
x = 2 2
x =4
∴ There are two corresponding values of x. x = 2
(b) By the result of (a), There are two corresponding values of x when y = 1.
x is not a function of y. ∴ x is not a function of y.
x2
∴ y = 2 x 2 and y = are two examples which satisfy
Conclusion 4
It is given that y is a function of x. the condition ‘y is a function of x, but x is not a
x is not necessarily a function of y. function of y’. (or other reasonable answers)

Extension Unit Test (P.4.41)

2
Consider y = 2x . 1. (a) For all real numbers, x2 + 1 > 0.
When x = 1, y = 2(1)2 = 2; ∴ The domain is all real numbers. (1A)
when x = 2, y = 2(2) = 8;2
5 −1
(b) f(5) = (1M)
2
when x = 3, y = 2(3) = 18; 52 + 1
4
when x = 4, y = 2(4)2 = 32, etc. =
26
For each value of x, there is one (and only one) 2
= (1A)
corresponding value of y. 13
∴ y is a function of x.
When y = 2, 2. (a) ∵ f(−2) = 9
2
2 = 2x ∴ 4(−2) + (−2) + k = 9
2
(1M)
2
x =1 14 + k = 9
x = 1 k = −5 (1A)
There are two corresponding values of x when y = 2.
∴ x is not a function of y.

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 Chapter 4: Basic Knowledge of Functions 157

(b) From (a), f(x) = 4x2 + x − 5. 8. B

f(m + 1) = 13 ∵ f(k) = 4k
4(m + 1)2 + (m + 1) − 5 = 13 (1M) ∴ k2 + 6k − 24 = 4k
4(m2 + 2m + 1) + m + 1 − 5 = 13 k2 + 2k − 24 = 0
4m2 + 8m + 4 + m − 4 = 13 (k + 6)(k − 4) = 0
4m2 + 9m − 13 = 0 k = −6 or 4
(m − 1)(4m + 13) = 0 (1M)
13
m = 1 or − (1A)
4

3. B
2f(1) − f(−2) = 2[(1)2 − 2(1) − 9] − [(−2)2 − 2(−2) − 9]
= −20 − (−1)
= −19

4. D
f(4) − f(1) = [(4)2 + k(4) + 3] − [(1)2 + k(1) + 3]
= (19 + 4k) − (4 + k)
= 3k + 15

5. A
∵ f(−3) = 30
∴ (−3) − 8(−3) + k = 30
2

33 + k = 30
k = −3

6. D
3f(−1) − f(4) = 3[(−1)2 − k(−1) + 9] − [(4)2 − k(4) + 9]
= (30 + 3k) − (25 − 4k)
= 7k + 5
∵ 3f(−1) − f(4) = 26
∴ 7k + 5 = 26
7k = 21
k=3

7. C
∵ f(k) = 5
∴ k − 3k − 5 = 5
2

k2 − 3k − 10 = 0
(k + 2)(k − 5) = 0
k = −2 or 5

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