AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ 1

gƒj eBGqi AwZwiÚ Ask

DœPZi MwYZ

AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ c†Ó¤v ==-==

2 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆUÕ¡ ˆccvim ˆgBW BwR: Dîicò  DœPZi MwYZ

AaÅvq 1: ˆmU I dvskb

ˆevWÆ cixÞvi cÉk² I mgvavb
cÉk²  31 XvKv ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 1 = {(p, 2), (p, 3), (p, 4), (p, 5), (q, 2) (q, 3), (q, 4), (q, 5)}
 A  (B  C) = (A  B)  (A  C) (cÉgvwYZ)
A = {x : x  Ñ ‰es x2  (p + q) x + pq = 0; p, q  Ñ},
B = {2, 3} ‰es C = {3, 4, 5} cÉk²  32 KzwgÍÏv ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 1
K. DcGmU I cƒiK ˆmU Kx? 2 F(x) = 2 – 4x ‰KwU dvskb|
L. ˆ`LvI ˆh, P(B  C) = P(B)  P(C). 4 K. F(x) «¼viv ewYÆZ dvskGbi ˆWvGgb wbYÆq Ki| 2
M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, A  (B  C) = (A  B)  (A  C). 4 L. F ‰KwU ‰K-‰K dvskb wK bv wbaÆviY Ki| 4
31 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb M. F –1(–3) ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4
32 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
K DcGmU: ‰KwU ˆmGUi cÉGZÅKwU Dcv`vb hw` Aci ‰KwU

ˆmGUi Dcv`vbmgƒGni A¯¦MÆZ nq, ZGe cÉ^g ˆmUGK w«¼Zxq  K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, F(x) = 2  4x
ˆmGUi DcGmU ejv nq| ˆhgb : A = {2, 3}, B = {2, 3, 4, 5} F(x)  Ñ nGe hw` ‰es ˆKej hw` 2 − 4x  0 nq|
‰i DcGmU| ev,  4x  −2
1
cƒiK ˆmU: hw` U mvweÆK ˆmU ‰es A ˆmUwU U ‰i DcGmU ev, 4x  2  x  2
nq, ZvnGj A ˆmGUi ewnfƃZ wK¯§ U ˆmGUi A¯¦MÆZ AbÅ mKj 1
 ˆWvGgb F = {x  Ñ : x  } (Ans.)
Dcv`vb wbGq MwVZ ˆmUGK A ˆmGUi cƒiK ˆmU eGj| A ‰i 2
cƒiK ˆmUGK Ac ev A «¼viv cÉKvk Kiv nq| MvwYwZKfvGe L F(x) = 2  4x

Ac = U\A = {x : x  U ‰es x  A} awi, x1, x2  ˆWvg F
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, B = {2, 3}
 dvskbwU ‰K-‰K nGe hw` I ˆKej hw` F(x1) = F(x2) nGj
C = {3, 4, 5} x1 = x2 nq|
 B  C = {2, 3}  {3, 4, 5} = {3} awi, F(x1) = F(x2)
evgcÞ = P(B  C) = {{3}, } ev, 2  4x1 = 2  4x2
Avevi, P(B) = {{2}, {3}, {2, 3}, } ev, 2  4x1 = 2  4x2
‰es P(C) = {{3}, {4}, {5}, {3, 4}, {4, 5}, {3, 5}, {3, 4, 5}, } ev,  4x1 =  4x2
WvbcÞ = P(B)  P(C)  x1 = x2 [ 4 «¼viv fvM KGi]
= {{2}, {3}, {2, 3}, }  {{3}, {4}, {5}, {3, 4},  F(x) ‰KwU ‰K-‰K dvskb| (Ans.)
{4, 5}, {3, 5}, {3, 4, 5}, } = {{3}, }
 P(B  C) = P(B)  P(C) (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) M awi, y = F(x) = 2  4x

ev, y = 2  4x
M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,

A = {x : x  Ñ ‰es x2 – (p + q)x + pq = 0; p, q  Ñ} ev, y2 = 2  4x
B = {2, 3} ev, 4x = 2  y2
C = {3, 4, 5} 2  y2
‰Lb, x2 – (p + q)x + pq = 0 ev, x = 4
ev, x2 – px – qx + pq = 0 2  y2
ev, F 1(y) = 4 [ F(x) = y  x = F 1(y)]
ev, x(x – p) – q(x – p) = 0
 (x – p) (x – q) = 0 2  x2
 F 1(x) = [y ˆK x «¼viv cÉwZÕ©vcb KGi]
4
nq, x – p = 0 A^ev, x – q = 0
2  (3)2
x=p x=q  F 1(3) =
4
 A = {p, q}
29
Avevi, B  C = {2, 3}  {3, 4, 5} = {2, 3, 4, 5} =
4
A  B = {p, q}  {2, 3} = {(p, 2), (p, 3), (q, 2), (q, 3)}
7
A  C = {p, q}  {3, 4, 5} = (Ans.)
4
= {(p, 3), (p, 4), (p, 5), (q, 3), (q, 4), (q, 5)}
evgcÞ = A  (B  C) cÉk²  33 XvKv ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 1
= {p, q}  {2, 3, 4, 5} A = {x : x  Ñ ‰es x2 – (a + b)x + ab = 0},
= {(p, 2), (p, 3), (p, 4), (p, 5), (q, 2), (q, 3), (q, 4), (q, 5)}
WvbcÞ = (A  B)  (A  C) ˆhLvGb a, b  Ñ
B = {2,3}, C = {2,4,5}
= {(p, 2), (p, 3), (q, 2), (q, 3)}  {(p, 3), (p, 4), (p, 5), K. A ˆmGUi Dcv`vbmgƒn wbYÆq Ki| 2
(q, 3), (q, 4), (q, 5)}
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ  cÉ^g AaÅvq: ˆmU I dvskb 3
L. ˆ`LvI ˆh, P(B  C) = P(B)  P(C). 4 x=3 nGj, x2 = (3)2 = 9 > 4
M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, A  (B  C) = (A  B)  ( A  C). 4  A = {2, 1, 0, 1, 2} (Ans.)
33 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,

K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,
 B = {x  ô : x weGRvo msLÅv ‰es x < 5} ‰es C = {3, 5}
A = {x : x  Ñ ‰es x  (a + b)x + ab = 0}
2
Avgiv Rvwb,
= {x : x  Ñ ‰es x2  ax  bx + ab = 0} Õ¼vfvweK msLÅvi ˆmU, ô = {1, 2, 3, ......., n, .....}
= {x : x  Ñ ‰es x(x  a)  b(x  a) = 0}
 weGRvo msLÅvi ˆmU nGe, {1, 3, 5, ..... , (2n + 1), .....}
= {x : x  Ñ ‰es (x  a) (x  b) = 0}
 B = {1, 3}
= {x : x  Ñ ‰es x = a, b}
 P(B) = {{1}, {3}, {1, 3}, }
= {a, b}
 A ˆmGUi Dcv`vbmgƒn a ‰es b (Ans.)
‰es P(C) = {{3}, {5}, {3, 5}, }
 P(B)  P(C) = {{1}, {3}, {1, 3}, }  {{3}, {5}, {3, 5}, }
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, B = {2, 3} ‰es C = {2, 4, 5}

 B  C = {2} = {{1}, {3}, {5}, {1, 3}, {3, 5}, } ..... (i)
P(B  C) = {{2}, } Avevi, B  C = {1, 3}  {3, 5} = {1, 3, 5}
Avevi, P(B) = {{2}, {3}, {2, 3}, }  P(B  C) = {{1}, {3}, {5}, {1, 3}, {3, 5}, {1, 5},
P(C) = {{2}, {4}, {5}, {2, 4}, {4, 5},{2, 5}, {2, 4, 5}, } {1, 3, 5}, } .............. (ii)
 P(B)  P(C) = {{2}, } (i) I (ii) bs ˆ^GK cvB,
 P(B  C) = P(B)  P(C) (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
P(B)  P(C)  P(B  C) (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
M B  C = {2, 3}  {2, 4, 5} = {2, 3, 4, 5}

M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, S = {(x, y) : x  A, y  A ‰es y = 4  x2 }

‰Lb, A  (B  C)
= {a, b}  {2, 3, 4, 5} ‘K’ ˆ^GK cvB, A = {2, 1, 0, 1, 2}
= {(a, 2), (a, 3), (a, 4), (a, 5), (b, 2), (b, 3), (b, 4), (b, 5)} ‰Lb, y = 4  x2
A  B = {a, b}  {2, 3}
= {(a, 2), (a, 3), (b, 2), (b, 3)} AZ‰e, x = 0 nGj, y = 4  0 = 4 = 2  (0, 2)  S
A  C = {a, b}  {2, 4, 5} x = 1 nGj, y = 4  (1)2 = 41= 3
= {(a, 2), (a, 4), (a, 5), (b, 2), (b, 4), (b, 5)}
 (1, 3 )  S ‰es (1, 3 )  S
‰Lb, (A  B)  (A  C)
= {(a, 2), (a, 3), (b, 2), (b, 3)}  {(a, 2), (a, 4), x =  2 nGj, y = 4  (2)2 = 44 =0
(a, 5), (b, 2), (b, 4), (b, 5)}  (2, 0)  S ‰es (2, 0)  S
= {(a, 2), (a, 3), (a, 4), (a, 5), (b, 2), (b, 3), (b, 4), (b, 5)}  S = {(0, 2), (2, 0), (2, 0)}
 A  (B  C) = (A  B)  (A  C) (cÉgvwYZ)
 ˆWvg S = {2, 0, 2} ‰es ˆié S = {0, 2} (Ans.)
cÉk²  34 ivRkvnx ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 1
cÉk²  35 KzwgÍÏv ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 1
A = {x : x  Ù ‰es x2  4} 1
F(x) = ‰KwU dvskb,
B = {x  ô : x weGRvo msLÅv ‰es x < 5} x–5
C = {3, 5} K. F(x) = 2 nGj, x-‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2
K. A ˆmUwUGK ZvwjKv c«¬wZGZ cÉKvk Ki| 2 L. F(x) dvskGbi ˆWvGgb wbYÆq Ki ‰es dvskbwU ‰K-‰K
wKbv wbaÆviY Ki| 4
L. ˆ`LvI ˆh, P(B)  P(C)  P(B  C). 4
M. F (3) wbYÆq Ki|
–1
4
M. S = {(x, y) : x  A, y  A ‰es y = 4 – x2} 35 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
A¯¼qwUGK ZvwjKv c«¬wZGZ eYÆbv KGi ˆWvg S ‰es ˆié
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,

S wbYÆq Ki| 4 1
F(x) =
34 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb x  5
cÉ kg² GZ, F(x) =2
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, A = {x :  Ù ‰es x2  4}
 1
ev, x  5 = 2
Avgiv Rvwb, cƒYÆmsLÅvi ˆmU, Ù = {... ..., 3, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2,
3, ... ...} 1
ev, x  5 = 2
‰Lb, x = 0 nGj, x = 0 < 4
2
1 1 + 10 11
x =  1 nGj, x2 = (1)2 = 1 < 4
ev, x = 2 + 5 = 2
=
2
x =  2 nGj, x2 = (2)2 = 4 11
x= (Ans.)
2
4 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆUÕ¡ ˆccvim ˆgBW BwR: Dîicò  DœPZi MwYZ
1 P(B) = {{5}, {6}, {5, 6}, }
L F(x) = x  5

 P(A)  P(B) = {{5}, }
‰LvGb, x  5 = 0 ev, x = 5 emvGj cÉ`î dvskbwU AmsævwqZ Avevi, A  B = {4, 5}  {5, 6} = {4, 5, 6}
nq| wK¯§, x = 5 evG` mKj evÕ¦e msLÅvi RbÅ F(x) ‰i evÕ¦e P(A  B) = {{4}, {5}, {6}, {4, 5}, {4, 6}, {5, 6}, {4, 5, 6}, }
gvb cvIqv hvq|  P(A)  P(B)  P(A  B) (cÉgvwYZ)
 ˆWvg, F = Ñ  {5} (Ans.) cÉk²  37 wmGjU ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 1
ˆhGKvGbv x1  ˆWvg F, x2  ˆWvg F ‰i RbÅ F(x1) = F(x2) U
nGe, hw` I ˆKej hw`, x1 = x2 nq| A
1 1 B
 = x x+1
x1  5 x2  5 x+2
ev, x1  5 = x2  5 x+3
 x1 = x2 x+4

myZivs, F ‰K-‰K dvskb| (Ans.) x1

1
M
 awi, y = F(x) = x  5 2x + 3
C
1
ev, y = x  5 K. P(x) = 2x2 + 3x nGj, P(–2) wbYÆq Ki| 2
ev, xy  5y = 1 L. x = 2 nGj ˆ`LvI ˆh, P(B)  P(AB)| 4
ev, xy = 1 + 5y M. (x) = n (C  A  B) nGj ˆ`LvI ˆh, (x) ‰K-‰K
ev, x =
1 + 5y dvskb I –1(3) = 0. 4
y
37 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
1 + 5y
ev, F–1(y) = y [‹ y = F(x)  x = F1(y)]
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, P(x) = 2x2 + 3x

1 + 5x  P(2) = 2(2)2 + 3(2) = 2.4  6 = 8  6 = 2 (Ans.)
ev, F1(x) = x [y ˆK x «¼viv cÉwZÕ©vcb KGi]
L ˆfbwPò ˆ^GK, B = {x  1, x + 1, x + 2, x + 3}

1 + 5.3 1 + 15 16
 F1(3) = = = (Ans.) x = 2 nGj, B = {1, 3, 4, 5}
3 3 3
cÉk²  36 PëMÉvg ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 1  P(B) = {{1}, {3}, {4}, {5}, {1, 3}, {1, 4}, {1, 5}, {3,
4}, {3, 5}, {4, 5}, {1, 3, 4}, {1, 3, 5}, {1, 4, 5}, {3, 4, 5},
A = {x : x  Ñ ‰es x2 – 9x + 20 = 0}
{1, 3, 4, 5}, }
B = {5, 6} ‰es C = {x : x ˆgŒwjK
msLÅv ‰es 6  x  12} ˆfbwPò ˆ^GK, A  B = {x + 2, x  1}
K. A ˆmUGK ZvwjKv c«¬wZGZ cÉKvk Ki| 2
x = 2 nGj, A  B = {4, 1}
L. P(B  C) ‰i Dcv`vb msLÅv KZ wjL| 4
 P(A  B) = {{4}, {1}, {4, 1}, }
M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, P(A)  P(B)  P(A  B). 4
 P(B)  P(A  B) (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
36 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
M ˆfbwPò nGZ, n(C  A  B) = 2x + 3

K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,

 (x) = 2x + 3 = y (awi)
A = {x : x  Ñ ‰es x2  9x + 20 = 0}
x2 – 9x + 20 = 0 ev, 2x = y  3
ev, 2
x – 4x – 5x + 20 = 0 y3
ev, x = 2 = 1(y)
ev, x(x  4)  5(x  4) = 0
x3
ev, (x – 4) (x – 5) = 0  1(x) =
2
 A = {x : x  Ñ ‰es x = 4, 5}
33 0
ZvwjKv c«¬wZGZ cÉKvk KiGj, A = {4, 5} (Ans.) 1(3) = = =0
2 2
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, B = {5, 6}
  1(3) = 0 (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
‰es C = {x : x ˆgŒwjK msLÅv ‰es 6  x  12} Avevi, awi, x1, x2  ˆWvg 
6 ˆ^GK 12 ‰i gvGS ˆgŒwjK msLÅv 7 ‰es 11
(x) dvskb ‰K-‰K nGe hw` I ˆKej hw` ˆhGKvGbv x1, x2
C ‰i ZvwjKv c«¬wZGZ cÉKvk, C = {7, 11}
 B  C = {5, 6}  {7, 11} = {5, 6, 7, 11}  ˆWvg  ‰i RbÅ (x1) = (x2) nGj x1 = x2 nq|
B  C ‰i Dcv`vb msLÅv, n = 4 ZvnGj, (x1) = (x2)
 P(B  C) ‰i Dcv`vb msLÅv = 2n = 24 = 16 (Ans.)  2x1 + 3 = 2x2 + 3
 2x1 = 2x2
M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, B = {5, 6}

 x1 = x2
‘K’ nGZ cvB, A = {4, 5}
P(A) = {{4}, {5}, {4, 5}, }  (x) ‰K-‰K dvskb| (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ  cÉ^g AaÅvq: ˆmU I dvskb 5
cÉk²  38 ewikvj ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 1 L awi, x1, x2  ˆWvg F

F(x) = 1 – 2x F(x) dvskbwU ‰K-‰K nGe hw` I ˆKej hw` F(x1) = F(x2)
‰i RbÅ x1 = x2 nq|
K. F(x) ‰i ˆWvGgb wbYÆq Ki| 2
awi, F(x1) = F(x2)
L. dvskbwU ‰K-‰K wKbv Zv wbaÆviY Ki| 4 ev, 1 – 2x1 = 1 – 2x2
M. F–1(x) wbYÆq Ki| 4 ev, 1 – 2x1 = 1 – 2x2
38 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb ev, –2x1 = –2x2
 x1 = x2
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,

 dvskbwU ‰K-‰K|
F(x) = 1 – 2x
F(x) dvskbwU msævwqZ nGe hw` I ˆKej hw`, M awi, y = F(x) = 1 – 2x

1 – 2x  0 ev, y2 = 1 – 2x [eMÆ KGi]
ev, –2x  – 1 ev, 2x = 1 – y2
1 – y2
ev, 2x  1 ev, x = 2 = F–1(y)
1
 x 1 – y2
2  F–1(y) =
2
1
 F(x) = 1  2x ‰i ˆWvGgb = {x  Ñ : x  2} 1 – x2
 F–1(x) = (Ans.)
2
6 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆUÕ¡ ˆccvim ˆgBW BwR: Dîicò  DœPZi MwYZ

AaÅvq 2: exRMvwYwZK ivwk

ˆevWÆ cixÞvi cÉk² I mgvavb
cÉk²  95 KzwgÍÏv ˆevWÆ-2019  cÉk² bs 1 x=
1
nGj,
3 2
3
P(x) = 18x  15x  x + 2. 1
1 = A 2.   1 + 0 ev, 1 =  5 A ev, A = 3
K. ˆ`LvI ˆh, 3x + 1, P(x) ‰i ‰KwU Drcv`K| 2  3  3 5
L. P(x) ˆK (x  m) ‰es (x  n) «¼viv fvM KiGj hw` ‰KB x=
1
nGj, 1 = 0 + B 3 + 1 ev, 1 = B ev, B = 2
1 5
fvMGkl ^vGK, ˆhLvGb m  n, ZGe ˆ`LvI ˆh,
2  2  2 5
3x  2 3 2
 = + (Ans.)
18m2 + 18 mn + 18n2 15m  15n  1 = 0. 4 P(x) 5(3x + 1) 5(2x  1)
M. 3x  2 ˆK AvswkK f™²vsGk cÉKvk Ki| 4 cÉk² 96 KzwgÍÏv ˆevWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 2
P(x)
P(x) = 18x + 15x − x + a, Q(x) = x3 + x2 − 6x `ywU exRMwYZxq
3 2
95 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
mgxKiY|
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, P(x) = 18x3 15x2 x + 2
 K. Q(x) ˆK Drcv`GK weGkÏlY Ki| 2
(3x + 1), P(x)
1
‰i ‰KwU Drcv`K nGj P 3  = 0 nGe| L. P(x) ‰i ‰KwU Drcv`K (3x + 2) nGj, a ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4
2
  M. x + x − 1 ˆK AvswkK f™²vsGk cÉKvk Ki| 4
1 1 3 1 2 1 Q(x)
‰Lb, P  = 18    15       + 2
96 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
 
3  3  3  3
18 15 1 K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,

=  + +2=0 Q(x) = x3 + x2 − 6x = x(x2 + x − 6) = x (x2 + 3x − 2x − 6)
27 9 3
= x {x (x + 3) − 2 (x + 3)} = x (x + 3) (x − 2) (Ans.)
1
x +  ev (3x + 1), P(x) ‰i ‰KwU Drcv`K| (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) L
 ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, P(x) = 18x3 + 15x2 − x + a
 3
ˆhGnZz (3x + 2), P(x) ‰i ‰KwU Drcv`K, ZvB, (3x + 2)
L P(x) ˆK (x  m) «¼viv fvM KiGj fvMGkl
 «¼viv P(x) ˆK fvM KiGj fvMGkl kƒbÅ nGe| A^Ævr,
P(m) = 18m3 15m2 m + 2 2
P −  = 0
(x  n) «¼viv fvM KiGj fvMGkl  3
3 2
P(n) = 18n3 15n2 n + 2 ev, 18 − 2 + 15 − 2 − − 2 + a = 0
 3  3  3 
cÉkg² GZ, P(m) = P(n)
ev, − 18 . + 15 . 4 + 2 + a = 0 ev, − 16 + 20 + 2 + a = 0
8
ev, 18m3 15m2 m + 2 = 18n3 15n2 n + 2 27 9 3 3 3 3
16 20 2 16 − 20 − 2 −6
ev, 18m3 15m2 m  18n3 + 15n2 + n = 0 ev, a = − − ev, a = ev, a =  a = − 2
3 3 3 3 3
ev, 18m3 18n3 15m2 + 15n2 m + n = 0 (Ans.)
ev, 18(m  n) (m2 + mn + n2)  15(m + n) (m  n)  (m  n) = 0 M
 ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, Q(x) = x3 + x2  6x
ev, (m  n) (18m2 + 18mn + 18n2 15m  15n  1) = 0 Q(x) ˆK Drcv`GK weGkÏlY KGi cvB,
2 2
18m + 18mn + 18n  15m  15n  1 = 0 [ m  n]  Q(x) = x3 + x2  6x = x(x2 + x  6) = x(x2 + 3x  2x  6)
= x{x(x + 3)  2(x + 3)} = x(x + 3) (x  2)
(ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) x2 + x – 1
cÉ`î ivwk = x3 + x2 – 6x
M ‘K’ nGZ cvB, (3x + 1), P(x) ‰i ‰KwU Drcv`K|

x2 + x –1
 P(x) = 18x3 15x2 x + 2 =
x (x –2) (x + 3)
= 18x3 + 6x2 21x2 7x + 6x + 2 x2 + x – 1 A B C
= 6x2(3x + 1)  7x(3x + 1) + 2(3x + 1) awi, x (x –2) (x + 3)  x + x –2 + x + 3 ....... (i)
= (3x + 1) (6x2 7x + 2) DfqcÞGK x(x – 2) (x + 3) «¼viv àY KGi cvB,
= (3x + 1) (6x2 4x  3x + 2) x2 + x –1  A(x –2) (x + 3) + Bx(x + 3) + Cx(x – 2) .... (ii)
= (3x + 1) {2x(3x  2)  1(3x  2)} hv x-‰i mKj gvGbi RbÅ mZÅ|
= (3x + 1) (3x  2) (2x  1) (ii) bs ‰ x = 0 ewmGq cvB, –1 = A. (–2).3 ev, – 6A = –1
3x  2 3x  2 1
 =  A=
P(x) (3x + 1) (3x  2) (2x  1) 6
1 (ii) bs ‰ x = 2 ewmGq cvB,
= 22 + 2 –1 = A (2 –2) (2 + 3) + B. 2. (2 + 3) + C. 2 (2–2)
(3x + 1) (2x  1)
1 A B
ev, 4 + 2 –1 = B. 2. 5
awi, = + ev, 10B = 5
(3x + 1) (2x  1) 3x + 1 2x  1
1
ev, 1 = A(2x  1) + B(3x + 1)  B=
2
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ  w«¼Zxq AaÅvq: exRMvwYwZK ivwk 7
(ii) bs ‰ x = – 3 ewmGq cvB, ‰Lb, A, B ‰es C ‰i gvb (i) bs ‰ ewmGq cvB,
(– 3)2 + (– 3) – 1 = A ( – 3 – 2) (– 3 + 3) + B(– 3) (– 3 + 3) + C(– 3) x3 1 8 27
(– 3 –2) =1+  +
(x  1) (x  2) (x  3) 2(x  1) x  2 2(x  3)
ev, 9 –3 –1 = C(–3) (–5) hv wbGYÆq AvswkK f™²vsk|
ev, 15C = 5
1 cÉk²  98 ewikvj ˆevWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 2
 C=
3 ƒ(x) = 18x + 15x  x + c, g(x) = x2  4x  7 ‰es
3 2

A, B I C ‰i gvb (i) bs ‰ ewmGq cvB, h(x) = x3  x2  10x  8 nGjv x PjGKi wZbwU eüc`x|
1 1 1 K. h(x) ˆK Drcv`GK weGkÏlY Ki| 2
x2 + x –1 6 2 3
= + + L. ƒ(x) ‰i ‰KwU Drcv`K (3x + 2) nGj c ‰i gvb
x (x –2) (x + 3) x x  2 x + 3
1 1 1
wbYÆq Ki| 4
= + + g(x)
6x 2 (x –2) 3 (x + 3) M. h(x) ˆK AvswkK f™²vsGk cÉKvk Ki| 4
hv AvswkK f™²vsGk cÉKvwkZ i…c| 98 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
cÉk²  97 hGkvi ˆevWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 2 K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, h(x) = x3  x2  10x  8

x = –1 nGj h(–1) = (– 1)3 – (– 1)2 – 10(– 1) – 8
3 2
P(x) = x – 6x + 11x – 6
K. P(x) ‰i gvòv I gyLÅ mnGMi AbycvZ wbYÆq Ki| 2 = – 1 – 1 + 10 – 8 = 0
L. P(x) ˆK x – m ‰es x – n «¼viv fvM KiGj hw` ‰KB AZ‰e (x + 1), h(x) ‰i ‰KwU Drcv`K|
fvMGkl ^vGK, ˆhLvGb m  n, ZGe ˆ`LvI ˆh,  h(x) = x3  x2  10x  8
= x3 + x2  2x2  2x  8x  8
m2 + mn + n2 – 6m – 6n + 11 = 0. 4
3 = x2(x + 1)  2x(x + 1)  8(x + 1)
M. x ˆK AvswkK f™²vsGk i…cv¯¦i Ki| 4 = (x + 1) (x2 – 2x – 8)
P(x)
= (x + 1) (x2  4x + 2x  8)
97 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb = (x + 1) {x(x  4) + 2(x  4)}
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, P(x) = x3 – 6x2 + 11x – 6
 = (x + 1) (x + 2) (x  4) (Ans.)
‰LvGb, PjK x ‰i mGeÆvœP NvZ = 3 L
 ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, f(x) = 18x3 + 15x2 − x + c
P(x) ‰i gvòv = 3 ‰es P(x) ‰i gyLÅ mnM = 1 ˆhGnZz (3x + 2), P(x) ‰i ‰KwU Drcv`K, ZvB, (3x + 2)
Ô P(x) ‰i gvòv I gyLÅ mnGMi AbycvZ = 3 : 1 (Ans.) «¼viv f(x) ˆK fvM KiGj fvMGkl kƒbÅ nGe| A^Ævr,
L P(x) ˆK (x – m) «¼viv fvM KiGj fvMGkl nGe P(m)
 2
f −  = 0
P(m) = m3 – 6m2 + 11m – 6   3
‰es P(x) ˆK (x – n) «¼viv fvM KiGj fvMGkl nGe P(n) 2 3 2 2 2
ev, 18 − 3 + 15 − 3 − − 3 + c = 0
 P(n) = n3 6n2 + 11n – 6      
cÉkg² GZ, P(m) = P(n) 8 4 2
ev, − 18 . 27 + 15 . 9 + 3 + c = 0
ev, m3 – 6m2 + 11m – 6 = n3 – 6n2 + 11n –
16 20 2
 ev, m3 – n3 – 6m2 + 6n2 + 11m – 11n = 0 ev, − 3 + 3 + 3 + c = 0
ev,(m – n) (m2 + mn + n2) – 6(m + n) (m – n) + 11(m – n) = 0 16 20 2
ev, (m – n) (m2 + mn + n2 – 6m – 6n + 11) = 0 ev, c = 3 − 3 − 3
Ô m2 + mn + n2 – 6m – 6n + 11 = 0 [‹ m  n eGj m – n  0] 16 − 20 − 2 −6
ev, c = ev, c = 3
(ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) 3
M P(x) = x3 – 6x2 + 11x – 6
  c = − 2 (Ans.)
= x3 – x2 – 5x2 + 5x + 6x – 6 M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, g(x) = x2 – 4x – 7

= x2(x – 1) –5x(x – 1) + 6 (x – 1) “K” ˆ^GK cvB,
= (x – 1) (x2 – 5x + 6) = (x – 1) (x – 2) (x – 3) h(x) = (x + 1) (x + 2) (x  4)
x3 x3 g(x) x2  4x  7
Ô =  =
P(x) (x – 1) (x – 2) (x – 3) h(x) (x + 1) (x + 2) (x  4)
x3 A B C x2  4x  7
awi, (x  1) (x  2) (x  3)  1 + x  1 + x  2 + x  3 ... ... (i) A B C
gGb Kwi, (x + 1) (x + 2) (x  4)  x + 1 + x + 2 + x  4
(i) ‰i DfqcÞGK (x  1) (x  2) (x  3) «¼viv àY KGi cvB, ... ... (i)
x3  (x  1) (x  2) (x  3) + A(x  2) (x  3) + B(x  1) (i) bs ‰i DfqcÞGK (x + 1) (x + 2) (x  4) «¼viv àY KGi cvB,
(x  3) + C(x  1) (x  2) ... ... ... (ii) x2  4x  7  A(x + 2) (x  4) + B(x + 1) (x  4)
(ii) bs ‰ x = 1 ewmGq cvB, + C(x + 1) (x + 2) ....... (ii)
1 (ii) bs ‰i DfqcÞ x ‰i mKj gvGbi RbÅ mZÅ|
1 = A( 1) ( 2) ev, A =
2 (ii) bs ‰i DfqcGÞ x =  1 ewmGq cvB,
(ii) bs ‰ x = 2 ewmGq cvB, 1 + 4  7 = A(1 + 2) (1  4)
8 = B(1) ( 1) ev, B =  8 ev,  2 = A(5)
27 2
(ii) bs ‰ x = 3 ewmGq cvB, 27 = C(2) (1) ev, C = A=
2 5
8 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆUÕ¡ ˆccvim ˆgBW BwR: Dîicò  DœPZi MwYZ
(ii) bs ‰i DfqcGÞ x =  2 ewmGq cvB, a4, a3, a2 I a ‰i mnM mgxK‡Z KGi cvB,
4 + 8  7 = B(2 + 1) (2  4) A+B=0
ev, 5 = B(1) ( 6) ev, – 1 + B = 0 [A = – 1 ]
5 2 2
B=
6 1
B=
(ii) bs ‰i Dfq cGÞ x = 4 ewmGq cvB, 2
16  16  7 = C(4 + 1) (4 + 2) Avevi, B + C = 0
ev,  7 = C(5) (6) ev, 1 + C = 0  C = – 1
7 2 2
C=
30 Avevi, 2A + B + C + D = 0
‰Lb A, B, C ‰i gvb (i) mgxKiGY ewmGq,
x2  4x  7 2 5 7 ev, 2 – 1 + 1 – 1 + D = 0
= +   2 2 2
(x + 1) (x + 2) (x  4) 5(x + 1) 6(x + 2) 30(x  4)
ev, – 1 + D = 0  D = 1
‰wUB cÉ`î f™²vsGki AvswkK f™²vsGk cÉKvwkZ i…c|
Avevi, B + C + D + E =2
cÉk²  99 XvKv ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 2
ev, 1 – 1 + 1 + E = 2 ev, E = 2 – 1  E = 1
2a 2 2
ƒ(a) = a3 + 5a2 + 6a + 8 ‰es g(a) = `yBwU
(a + 1)(a2 + 1)2 ‰Lb, A, B, C, D I E ‰i gvb (i) bs ‰ ewmGq cvB,
exRMwYZxq ivwk| –
1 1
a–
1
K. ƒ( 3) ‰i gvb KZ? 2 2a
=
2 2
+ 2
2
+
a+1
L. ƒ(x) ˆK x  p ‰es x  q «¼viv fvM KiGj hw` ‰KB (a + 1)(a2 + 1)2 a + 1 a + 1 (a2 + 1)2
fvMGkl ^vGK ˆhLvGb p  q, ZGe ˆ`LvI ˆh, 1 a –1 a+1
=– + +
2(a + 1) 2 (a2 + 1) (a2 + 1)2
p2 + q2 + pq + 5p + 5q + 6 = 0 4
M. g(a) ˆK AvswkK f™²vsGk cÉKvk Ki| 4 hv wbGYÆq AvswkK f™²vsk| (Ans.)
99 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb cÉk² 100 ivRkvnx ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 1
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, ƒ(a) = a3 + 5a2 + 6a + 8
 1 x 2
 ƒ(–3) = (–3)3 + 5(–3)2 + 6(–3) + 8 f (x) = ‰es g(x) = x2  16 `ywU dvskb|
= –27 + 45 – 18 + 8 = 53 – 45 = 8 (Ans.) 3x  1
L
 ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, f (a) = a3 + 5a2 + 6a + 8 K. f (x) «¼viv ewYÆZ dvskGbi ˆWvGgb wbYÆq KGiv| 2
f (x) = x3 + 5x2 + 6x + 8 L. f 1(1) wbYÆq KGiv| 4
f (x) ˆK (x – p) «¼viv fvM KiGj fvMGkl nGef (p). M. g(x) ˆK AvswkK f™²vsGk cÉKvk KGiv| 4
f (p) = p3 + 5p2 + 6p + 8 100 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
Avevi,f (x) ˆK (x – q) «¼viv fvM KiGj fvMGkl nGe f (q). 1
f (q) = q3 + 5q2 + 6q + 8 K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, f (x) =

3x  1
cÉk²vbymvGi, f (p) = f (q)
ev, p3 + 5p2 + 6p + 8 = q3 + 5q2 + 6q + 8 ‰Lb, f (x) dvskbwU msævwqZ nGe hw` I ˆKej hw` 3x  1 > 0 nq|
ev, p3 – q3 + 5(p2 – q2) + 6(p – q) = 0 ev, 3x  1 + 1 > 0 + 1
1
ev, (p – q) (p2 + pq + q2) + 5(p + q) (p – q) + 6(p – q) = 0 ev, 3x > 1  x > 3
ev, (p – q) (p2 + pq + q2 + 5p + 5q + 6) = 0 1
ˆhGnZz p  q, ˆmGnZz p – q  0  dvskGbi ˆWvGgb = {x  Ñ : x > 3} (Ans.)
 p2 + q2 + pq + 5p + 5q + 6 = 0(ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) 1
2a L awi, y = f (x) =

M
 ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, g(a) = 3x – 1
(a + 1)(a2 + 1)2
1
2a A Ba + C Da + E y=
awi,  + 2 + .....(i) 3x – 1
(a + 1) (a2 + 1)2 a + 1 a + 1 (a2 + 1)2
1
(i) bs ‰i DfqcÞGK (a + 1) (a2 + 1)2«¼viv àY KGi cvB, ev, y = 3x – 1 [eMÆ KGi]
2

2a  A (a2 +1)2 + (Ba +C) (a + 1) (a2 +1)

1
+ (Da + E) (a + 1) ... ....(ii) ev, 3x – 1 = y2
hv a ‰i mKj gvGbi RbÅ mZÅ|
1
(ii) bs‰ a = – 1 ewmGq cvB, 2(–1) = A (1 + 1)2 ev, 3x = y2 + 1
ev, – 2 = 4A ev, A = – 2  A = – 1 1 + y2
4 2 ev, 3x = y2
(ii) bs ˆ^GK,
1 + y2
2a  A(a4 + 2a2 + 1) + (Ba + C) (a3 + a + a2 + 1) + Da2 ev, x = 3y2
+ Da + Ea + E
1 + y2
ev,2a  Aa4 + 2Aa2 + A + Ba4 + Ba2 + Ba3 + Ba + Ca3 + Ca ev, f –1 (y) = 3y2 [f(x) = y  x = f –1 (y)]
+ Ca2 + C + Da2 + Da + Ea + E
1 + (–1)2 1 + 1 2
 2a  (A + B)a + (B + C)a3 + (2A + B + C + D)a2
4
 f –1 (–1) = = = (Ans.)
+ (B + C + D + E)a + (A + C + E) 3(–1)2 3.1 3
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ  w«¼Zxq AaÅvq: exRMvwYwZK ivwk 9
M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,
 M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,

x2 x2  16 + 16 x2 – 16 16 P(x) = x2 + x − 12
g(x) = 2 = = 2 +
x  16 x2  16 x – 16 x2 – 16 ‰es Q(x) = 9x + 2
16 ‰Lb, x2 + x − 12 = x2 + 4x − 3x − 12
=1+
(x + 4)(x  4) = x (x + 4) − 3(x + 4)
16 A B
awi, (x + 4)(x  4)  (x + 4) + (x  4) ......... (i) = (x + 4) (x − 3)
Q(x) 9x + 2 9x + 2
(i) ˆK (x + 4)(x  4) «¼viv àY KGi cvB,  P(x) = x2 + x − 12 = (x + 4) (x − 3)
16  A(x  4) + B(x + 4) ....... (ii) 9x + 2 A B
hv x ‰i mKj gvGbi RbÅ mZÅ| awi, (x + 4) (x − 3)  x + 4 + x − 3................. (i)
(ii) ‰ x =  4 ewmGq cvB, mgxKiY (i) ‰i DfqcÞGK (x + 4) (x − 3) «¼viv àY KGi cvB,
16  A(4  4) + B(4 + 4) 9x + 2  A (x − 3) + B(x + 4) ................... (ii)
ev, 16 =  8A  A = 2 hv x ‰i mKj gvGbi RbÅ mZÅ|
Avevi, (ii) ‰ x = 4 ewmGq cvB, ‰Lb, mgxKiY (ii) ‰i DfqcGÞ x = − 4 ewmGq cvB,
16 = A(4  4) + B(4 + 4) 9 (−4) + 2 = A (−4 − 3) + B(−4 + 4)
ev, 16 = 8B  B = 2 ev, − 36 + 2 = − 7A
A I B ‰i gvb (i) ‰ ewmGq cvB, ev, − 34 = − 7A
16 2 2 34
= + A=
(x + 4)(x  4) x + 4 x  4 7
x2 2 2
 g(x) = 2
x – 16
=1 +
(x + 4) (x  4)
hv AvswkK f™²vsGk Avevi, mgxKiY (ii) ‰i DfqcGÞ x = 3 ewmGq cvB,
9.3 + 2 = A (3 − 3) + B(3 + 4)
cÉKvwkZ i…c| ev, 29 = 7B
cÉk² 101 w`bvRcyi ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 1 29
B=
P(x) = x2 + x  12, Q(x) = 9x + 2. 7
2x
K. F(x) = x + 3 ‰i ˆWvGgb wbYÆq KGiv| 2 A I B ‰i gvb mgxKiY (i) ‰ ewmGq cvB,
34 29
L. hw` P(x) ˆK 2x  a ‰es 2x  b «¼viv fvM KiGj ‰KB 9x + 2 7 7
= +
fvMGkl ^vGK (ˆhLvGb a  b) ZGe ˆ`LvI ˆh, a + b + 2 = 0 4 (x + 4) (x − 3) x + 4 x − 3
Q(x) Q(x) 34 29
M. P(x) ˆK AvswkK f™²vsGk cÉKvk KGiv| 4  = + ; hv wbGYÆq AvswkK f™²vsk|
P(x) 7(x + 4) 7 (x − 3)
101 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb cÉk²  102 PëMÉvg ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 1
2x
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,
 F(x) = p(x) = x + x – 6x ‰es ƒ(x) = x – 9x – 6 `ywU dvskb|
3 2 2
x+3
2x K. ƒ(x) ˆK (x + 3) «¼viv fvM KiGj ˆh fvMGkl ^vGK Zv
F(x) =  Ñ nGe hw` I ˆKej hw` x + 3  0 nq
x+3 fvMGkl DccvG`Åi mvnvGhÅ wbYÆq Ki| 2
x–3 L. p(x) ˆK (x – a) ‰es (x – b) «¼viv fvM KiGj hw` ‰KB
 ˆWvg, F = Ñ − {−3} (Ans.) fvMGkl ^vGK ˆhLvGb a  b, ZGe ˆ`LvI ˆh,
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, P(x) = x2 + x − 12
 a2 + ab + b2 + a + b = 6. 4
a ƒ(x)
P(x) ˆK (2x − a) «¼viv fvM KiGj fvMGkl nGe P2 M. p(x) ˆK AvswkK f™²vsGk cÉKvk Ki| 4

a a 2 a 102 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
 P2 = 2 + 2 − 12
  K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,

b ƒ(x) = x2  9x  6
Avevi, P(x) ˆK (2x − b) «¼viv fvM KiGj fvMGkl nGe P2|
 ‰Lb, ƒ(x) ˆK (x + 3) «¼viv fvM KiGj fvMGkl nGe ƒ( 3)|
b b 2 b  ƒ( 3) = ( 3)2  9( 3)  6 = 9 + 27  6 = 30 (Ans.)
 P  =   + − 12
  2
2 2
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,

a 2 a b 2 b p(x) = x3 + x2  6x
kZÆvbymvGi, 2 + 2 − 12 = 2 + 2 − 12
  p(x) ˆK (x  a) I (x  b) «¼viv fvM KiGj fvMGkl nGe
a2 a b2 b
ev, 4 + 2 − 12 = 4 + 2 − 12 h^vKÌGg p(a) I p(b)|
ev, a2 + 2a − 48 = b2 + 2b − 48 cÉkv² bymvGi, p(a) = p(b)
ev, a2 + 2a − 48 − b2 – 2b + 48 =0 ev, a3 + a2  6a = b3 + b2  6b
ev, a2 − b2 + 2a − 2b = 0 ev, a3  b3 + a2  b2  6(a  b) = 0
ev, (a + b) (a − b) + 2(a − b) = 0 ev, (a  b)(a2 + ab + b2) + (a + b)(a  b)  6(a  b) = 0
ev, (a + b + 2) (a − b) = 0 ev, (a  b) (a2 + ab + b2 + a + b  6) = 0
ˆhGnZz a  b ev, a2 + ab + b2 + a + b  6 = 0 [ˆhGnZz a  b, ˆmGnZz a  b  0]
 a + b + 2 = 0 (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)  a2 + ab + b2 + a + b = 6 (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
10 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆUÕ¡ ˆccvim ˆgBW BwR: Dîicò  DœPZi MwYZ
ƒ(x) x2  9x  6 x2 – 9x – 6 x2 – 9x – 6 16x A B
M p(x) = x3 + x2  6x = x(x2 + x – 6) = x(x2 + 3x – 2x – 6)
 awi, (x + 4)(x  4)  x + 4 + x  4 ............. (i)
ƒ(x) x2  9x  6 (i) bs ‰i DfqcÞGK (x + 4)(x  4) «¼viv àY KGi cvB,
 =
p(x) x(x  2)(x + 3) 16x  A(x  4) + B(x + 4) ................. (ii)
x2  9x  6 A B C hv x ‰i mKj gvGbi RbÅ mZÅ|
awi, x(x  2)(x + 3)  x + x  2 + x + 3 .............. (i)
(ii) bs ‰i DfqcGÞ x =  4 ewmGq cvB,
(i) bs ‰i DfqcÞGK x(x  2)(x + 3) «¼viv àY KGi cvB, 16  ( 4) = A( 4  4) + B( 4 + 4)
x2  9x  6
ev,  64 =  8A
 A(x  2)(x + 3) + Bx(x + 3) + Cx(x  2) ........... (ii)
A=8
hv x-‰i mKj gvGbi RbÅ mZÅ|
Avevi, (ii) bs ‰i DfqcGÞ x = 4 ewmGq cvB,
‰Lb, (ii) bs ‰i DfqcGÞ x = 0 ewmGq cvB, 16  4 = A(4  4) + B(4 + 4)
0  0  6 = A(0  2)(0 + 3) + 0 + 0
ev, 64 = 8B
ev,  6 =  6A B=8
A=1
A I B ‰i gvb (i) bs-‰ ewmGq cvB,
Avevi, (ii) bs ‰i DfqcGÞ x = 2 ewmGq cvB, 16x 8 8 1 1
= + = 8 
22  9.2  6 = 0 + B.2(2 + 3) + 0 (x + 4)(x  4) x + 4 x  4 x + 4 + x  4
ev,  20 = 10B 1 1
 Q(x) = x + 8 
B=2 x + 4 + x  4
(ii) bs ‰i DfqcGÞ x =  3 ewmGq cvB, ; hv cÉ`î f™²vskwUi AvswkK f™²vsGk cÉKvwkZ i…c|
( 3)2  9( 3)  6 = 0 + 0 + C( 3)( 3 – 2)
cÉk²  104 hGkvi ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 1
ev, 30 = 15C
C=2 P(x) = x3 − x2 + ax + b ‰es Q(x) = x2 − 2x − 8.
A, B, C ‰i gvb (i) bs ‰ ewmGq cvB, K. Q(x) ˆK Drcv`GK weGkÏlY KGiv| 2
x2  9x  6 1 2 2 x2
=  +
x(x  2)(x + 3) x x  2 x + 3 L. Q(x)
ˆK AvswkK f™²vsGk cÉKvk KGiv| 4
hv AvswkK f™²vsGk cÉKvwkZ i…c| M.
P(x) ‰i ‰KwU Drcv`K Q(x) nGj, a ‰es b ‰i gvb
cÉk²  103 wmGjU ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 1
wbYÆq KGiv| 4
g(x) = px3 + qx2 + rx + s eüc`xi mnMàGjv cƒYÆmsLÅv 104 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
p  0, s  0 ‰es x – 1 eüc`xwUi ‰KwU Drcv`K| Aci ‰KwU K
 ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,
x3 Q(x) = x2  2x  8
ivwk Q(x) = x2 – 16 . = x2  4x + 2x  8
K. ˆ`LvI ˆh, p + q + r + s = 0. 2 = x(x  4) + 2(x  4)
= (x  4)(x + 2) (Ans.)
L. hw` p = 1, q = 5, r = 6, s = 8 nq ‰es g(x) ˆK x – k I
x2 x2
x –  «¼viv fvM KwiGj ‰KB AewkÓ¡ ^vGK, ˆhLvGb k   L
 = 2
Q(x) x  2x  8
ZGe ˆ`LvI ˆh, k +  + k + 5k + 5 + 6 = 0.
2 2
4 (x2  2x  8) + (2x + 8)
=
M. Q(x)-ˆK AvswkK f™²vsGk cÉKvk Ki| 4 x2  2x  8
103 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb = 2
2
x  2x  8
+
2x + 8
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,
 x  2x  8 x2  2x  8
g(x) = px3 + qx2 + rx + s 2x + 8
=1+
(x  4)(x + 2)
[‘K nGZ cÉvµ¦]
(x  1), g(x) ‰i ‰KwU Drcv`K| 2
x 2x + 8
A^Ævr, g(1) = 0 
Q(x)
=1+
(x  4)(x + 2)
............ (i)
ev, p(1)3 + q(1)2 + r.1 + s = 0 2x + 8 A B
awi, (x  4)(x + 2) = (x  4) + (x + 2) ............ (ii)
 p + q + r + s = 0 (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
L ‰LvGb, g(x) = px3 + qx2 + rx + s
 (ii) ˆK (x  4)(x + 2) «¼viv àY KGi cvB,
‰es p = 1, q = 5, r = 6, s = 8 2x + 8 = A(x + 2) + B(x  4) ............ (iii)
 g(x) = x3 + 5x2 + 6x + 8 (iii) ‰ x = 4 ewmGq cvB,
AZtci cvVÅeBGqi Abykxjbx-2 ‰i D`vniY-9 `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-44 2.4 + 8 = A(4 + 2) + B(4  4)
M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,
 ev, 8 + 8 = A.6 + B.0
x3 x(x2  16) + 16x 16
Q(x) = 2 = =x+ 2
16x ev, 6A = 16 ev, A = 6
x  16 x2  16 x  16
16x 8
=x+ A=
(x + 4)(x  4) 3
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ  w«¼Zxq AaÅvq: exRMvwYwZK ivwk 11
Avevi, (iii) ‰ x =  2 ewmGq cvB, kZÆgGZ, f(p) = k
2( 2) + 8 = A( 2 + 2) + B( 2  4) 2p + 2
ev, p – 1 = k
ev,  4 + 8 = A.0 + B( 6)
ev, 4 =  6B ev, 2p + 2 = pk – k
4 ev, 2p – pk = – k – 2
ev, B = 6
ev, p(2 – k) = –(k + 2)
2 –(k + 2)
B=
3 ev, p = 2 – k
‰Lb, A I B ‰i gvb (ii) ‰ ewmGq cvB, p=
k+2
(Ans.)
8 2 k–2
2x + 8 3 3 2x + 2
= + L
 awi, y = (x) = x  1
(x  4)(x + 2) x  4 x + 2
8 2 2x + 2
=  y=
3(x  4) 3(x + 2) x1
(i) nGZ cvB, ev, xy  y = 2x + 2
x2
=1+
8

2
(Ans.)
ev, xy  2x = y + 2
Q(x) 3(x  4) 3(x + 2) ev, x(y  2) = y + 2
M ‘K’ nGZ cvB,
 y+2
ev, x = y  2
Q(x) = (x  4)(x + 2)
ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, P(x) = x3  x2 + ax + b ev, 1(y) = y  2 ‹ (x) =1y 
y+2
(x  4), P(x) ‰i ‰KwU Drcv`K nGj P(4) = 0 nGe|  x =  (y) 
 P(4) = 43  42 + a(4) + b x+2
 1(x) =
= 64  16 + 4a + b x2
= 4a + b + 48 3 +2 5
 1(3) = = = 5 (Ans.)
32 1
kZÆgGZ, 4a + b + 48 = 0 ............. (iv)
Avevi, (x + 2), P(x) ‰i ‰KwU Drcv`K nGj P( 2) = 0 M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,

2x + 2
nGe| f(x) =
x–1
 P( 2) = ( 2)3  ( 2)2 + a( 2) + b 2x2 + 2 2(x2 + 1)
2
=  8  4  2a + b  f(x ) = 2 = 2
x –1 x −1
=  2a + b  12 2
2(x – 1 + 2)
kZÆgGZ,  2a + b  12 = 0 .................. (v) =
x2 – 1
2
(iv) ˆ^GK (v) weGqvM KGi cvB, 2(x – 1)
= 2 + 2
4
4a + b + 48 + 2a  b + 12 = 0 x –1 x –1
4
ev, 6a + 60 = 0  f(x2) = 2 + ...........(i)
(x + 1)(x – 1)
ev, 6a =  60 4 A B
 a =  10 awi, (x +1)(x – 1)  x + 1 + x – 1 ..........(ii)
a ‰i gvb (v) ‰ ewmGq cvB, (ii) ˆK (x + 1)(x – 1) «¼viv àY KGi cvB,
 2( 10) + b  12 = 0  4  A(x – 1) + B(x + 1)..........(iii)
ev, 20 + b  12 = 0 (iii) ‰ x = 1 ewmGq cvB, 4 = 2B  B = 2
ev, b + 8 = 0 (iii) ‰ x = –1 ewmGq cvB, 4 = –2A  A = –2
b=8
 (ii) nGZ cvB,
 wbGYÆq gvb, a =  10 ‰es b =  8 (Ans.) 4 –2 2
= +
cÉk²  105 ewikvj ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 1 (x + 1) (x – 1) x + 1 x – 1

2x + 2 2 2
(x) =
x−1
‰KwU dvskb ˆhLvGb x  1. ZvnGj (i) ˆ^GK, f(x2) = 2 – x + 1 + x – 1 (Ans.)
K. nGj, p ‰i gvb k ‰i gvaÅGg cÉKvk KGiv|
(p) = k 2 cÉk²  106 XvKv ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 2
L. −1(3) wbYÆq
KGiv| 4 x, y, z ‰i ‰KwU eüc`x nGjv, F(x,y,z) = x3 + y3 + z3 – 3xyz
M.(x ) ˆK AvswkK f™²vsGk cÉKvk KGiv|
2
4 K. ˆ`LvI ˆh, F(x, y, z) ‰KwU PKÌKÌwgK ivwk| 2
105 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
L. F(x, y, z) ˆK Drcv`GK weGkÏlY Ki ‰es hw` F(x, y, z)
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,
 = 0, x + y + z ≠ 0 nq, ZGe ˆ`LvI ˆh, x2 + y2 + z2 =
2x + 2
f(x) = ; ˆhLvGb, x  1 xy + yz + zx. 4
x–1
2p + 2 M. hw` x = b + c – a, y = c + a – b I z = a + b – c nq,
 f(p) =
p–1 ZGe ˆ`LvI ˆh, F(a, b, c) : F(x, y, z) = 1 : 4. 4
12 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆUÕ¡ ˆccvim ˆgBW BwR: Dîicò  DœPZi MwYZ
106 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb cÉk² 107 ivRkvnx ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 2
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, F(x, y, z) = x + y + z  3xyz
 3 3 3
P(x) = – x + 15x + 10x + 9 ‰es Q(x) = x3 + x2 – 6x.
2 3

‰Lb, F(y, z, x) = y3 + z3 + x3  3yzx = x3 + y3 + z3  3xyz K. P(x) ˆK x PjGKi Av`kÆi…Gc wjGL ‰i gyLÅmnM wbYÆq
= F(x, y, z) Ki| 2
Avevi, F(z, x, y) = z3 + x3 + y3  3zxy = x3 + y3 + z3  3xyz L. P(x) ˆK Drcv`GK weGkÏlY Ki| 4
= F(x, y, z) 2
M. x + x – 1 ˆK AvswkK f™²vsGk cÉKvk Ki| 4
 F(x, y, z) = F(y, z, x) = F(z, x, y) Q(x)
AZ‰e, F(x, y, z) ‰KwU PKÌKÌwgK ivwk| (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) 107 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,
 K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, P(x) = x2 + 15x + 10x3 + 9

3 3 3
F(x, y, z) = x + y + z  3xyz x PjGKi Av`kÆi…Gc wjGL cvB,
= (x + y)3  3xy (x + y) + z3  3xyz P(x) = 10x3  x2 + 15x + 9
= (x + y)3 + z3  3xy(x + y)  3xyz ‰LvGb, eüc`xi gvòv = 3
= (x + y + z)3  3(x + y) z (x + y + z)  3xy(x + y + z)  gƒLÅ
mnM = 10 (Ans.)
= (x + y + z) {(x + y + z)2  3z(x + y)  3xy} L ‰LvGb, P(x) ‰i aË‚ec` 9 ‰i Drcv`KmgƒGni ˆmU,

= (x + y + z) {(x + y)2 + 2(x + y)z + z2  3z(x + y)  3xy} F1 = {1, 1, 3, 3, 9, 9}
= (x + y + z) {x2 + 2xy + y2 + z2  z(x + y)  3xy}
P(x) ‰i gƒLÅ mnM 10 ‰i Drcv`K mgƒGni ˆmU,
= (x + y + z) (x2 + y2 + z2  xy  yz  zx) (Ans.)
F2 = {1, 1, 2, 2, 5, 5, 10, 10}
cÉkg² GZ, F(x, y, z) = 0 r
 (x + y + z) (x2 + y2 + z2  xy  yz  zx) = 0 ‰Lb, P(x) weGePbv Kwi, ˆhLvGb, x = s ‰es r  F1, s  F2
ˆhGnZz, x + y + z  0 ZvnGj,
myZivs, x2 + y2 + z2  xy  yz  zx = 0 x = 1 nGj, P(1) = 10.(1)3  (1)2 + 15.1 + 9  0
 x2 + y2 + z2 = xy + yz + zx (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) x = 1 nGj, P(1) = 10.(1)3  (1)2 + 15.(1) + 9  0
M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,
 1 1 1 3 1 2 1
x=
2
nGj, P2 = 10.2  2 + 15.2 + 9  0
x=b+ca    
1 1 1 3 1 2 1
y=c+ab x=
2
nGj, P2 = 102   2  + 15. 2  + 9 = 0
‰es z = a + b  c    
1 1
‘L’ nGZ cvB,  x    ev, x + 2 , P(x) ‰i ‰KwU Drcv`K|
  2  
F (x, y, z)
= (x + y + z) (x2 + y2 + z2 – xy – yz – zx) ‰Lb,
1 P(x) = 10x3  x2 + 15x + 9
= (x + y + z) (2x2 + 2y2 + 2z2 – 2xy – 2yz – 2zx) = 10x3 + 5x2  6x2  3x + 18x + 9
2
1 1 1
1
= (x + y + z) {(x  y)2 + (y  z)2 + (z  x)2} = 10x2x +   6xx +  + 18x + 
2  2   2   2
1 1
= (b + c  a + c + a  b + a + b  c) {(b + c  a  c  a = x +  (10x2  6x + 18)
2  2
+b)2 + (c + a  b  a  b + c)2 + ( a + b  c  b  c + a)2} 1
= 2x +  (5x2  3x + 9)
[x, y , z ‰i gvb ewmGq]  2
1 = (2x + 1) (5x2  3x + 9) (Ans.)
= (a + b + c) {(2b  2a)2 + (2c  2b)2 + (2a  2c)2}
2
M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, Q(x) = x3 + x2  6x

1
= (a + b + c) {4(a  b)2 + 4(b  c)2 + 4 (c  a)2}
2 Q(x) ˆK Drcv`GK weGkÏlY KGi cvB,
1  Q(x) = x3 + x2  6x = x(x2 + x  6) = x(x2 + 3x  2x  6)
= 4. (a + b + c) {(a  b)2 + (b  c)2 + (c  a)2} = x{x(x + 3)  2(x + 3)} = x(x + 3) (x  2)
2
x2 + x – 1
1
= 4(a3 + b3 + c3  3abc) [ (a + b + c) {(a  b)2 cÉ`î ivwk = x3 + x2 – 6x
2
x2 + x –1
+ (b  c)2 + (c  a)2} = a3 + b3 + c3  3abc] =
x (x –2) (x + 3)
[x3 + x 2 – 6x = x(x – 2) (x + 3)]
= 4. F(a, b, c).
x2 + x – 1 A B C
ev, F (x, y, z) = 4 F(a, b, c) awi, x (x –2) (x + 3)  x + x –2 + x + 3 ....... (i)
F (x, y, z)
ev, F (a, b, c) = 4 DfqcÞGK x(x – 2) (x + 3) «¼viv àY KGi cvB,
x2 + x –1  A(x –2) (x + 3) + Bx(x + 3) + Cx(x – 2) .... (ii)
F (a, b, c) 1
ev, F (x, y, z) = 4 [wecixZKiY KGi] (ii) bs ‰ x = 0 ewmGq cvB,
1
 F (a, b, c) : F (x, y, z) = 1 : 4 (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) –1 = A. (–2).3 ev, – 6A = –1  A =
6
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ  w«¼Zxq AaÅvq: exRMvwYwZK ivwk 13
(ii) bs ‰ x = 2 ewmGq cvB, nq, y – 1 = 0 A^ev, y2 – y – 1 = 0
22 + 2 –1 = A (2 –2) (2 + 3) + B. 2. (2 + 3) + C. 2 (2–2) y=1 ‰LvGb, mgxKiYwUGK
ev, 4 + 2 –1 = B. 2. 5 ax2 + bx + c = 0 ‰i mvG^
ev, 10B = 5 Zzjbv KGi cvB,
1 a = 1, b = –1, c = 1
 B=
2
–b  b2 – 4ac
(ii) bs ‰ x = – 3 ewmGq cvB, y=
2a
(–3)2 + (–3) –1 = A (–3 –2) (–3+ 3) + B. (–3) (–3+ 3) –(–1)  (–1)2 – 4.1(–1)
+ C(–3) (–3–2) =
2.1
ev, 9 –3 –1 = C. (–3) (–5). 1 5
ev, 15C = 5 y=
2
1 1+ 5 1– 5
 C=  y ‰i gvbàGjv 1, , (Ans.)
3 2 2
A, B I C ‰i gvb (i) bs ‰ ewmGq cvB, y3 – 2y2 + 1
x2 + x –1 M ivwkwU : y2 – 2y – 3

x (x –2) (x + 3) y3 – 2y2 + 1y(y2 – 2y – 3) + 3y + 1
1 1 1 ‰Lb, y2 – 2y – 3 = y2 – 2y – 3
6 2 3
= + + 3y + 1
x x2 x+3 =y+
(y – 3)(y + 1)
1 1 1 3y + 1
= + +
6x 2 (x –2) 3 (x + 3) 
(y – 3)(y + 1)
‰KwU cÉK‡Z f™²vsk|
; hv AvswkK f™²vsGk cÉKvwkZ i…c| 3y + 1 A B
awi, (y – 3)(y + 1)  y – 3 + y + 1 ..............(i)
cÉk²  108 w`bvRcyi ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 1
(i)bs mgxKiGYi DfqcGÞ (y – 3) (y + 1) «¼viv àY KGi
y3 – 2y2 + 1
(y) = 2
y – 2y – 3 cvB-
3y + 1  A(y + 1) + B(y – 3) ...........(ii)
K. – 1  wbYÆq Ki| 2 mgxKiY (ii) bs ‰i DfqcGÞ y = –1 ewmGq cvB,
 3
3(–1) + 1 = A(–1 + 1) + B(–1 –3)
L. (y) = 0 nGj, y ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4
ev, –3 + 1 = A.0 – 4B
M. (y) ˆK AvswkK f™²vsGk cÉKvk Ki| 4
108 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb ev, –2 = –4B
2 1
y3 – 2y2 + 1 B= =
K
 ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, (y) = y2 – 2y – 3 4 2
3 2 Avevi, mgxKiY (ii) bs ‰i DfqcGÞ y = 3 ewmGq cvB,
–13 – 2–13 + 1 3.3 + 1 = A(3 + 1) + B(3 – 3)
1     ev, 9 + 1 = 4.A + B.0 ev, 10 = 4A
 –  = 2
3
  –1 – 2–1 – 3 10 5
 3  3 A= =
4 2
1 1 –1 – 6 + 27 A I B ‰i gvb mgxKiY (i)bs ‰ ewmGq cvB,
– – 2. + 1
27 9 27 20 9 1
= = =  =– 5 1
1 2 1 + 6 – 27 27 (–20) 3 2 2
+ –3 3y + 1
9 3 9 = +
(y – 3) (y + 1) y – 3 y + 1
1 1
  –  = – (Ans.) 5 1
 3 3 y3 – 2y2 + 1 2 2
 wbGYÆq AvswkK f™²vsk: y2 – 2y – 3 = y + y – 3 + y + 1
L hw`, (y) = 0 nq,

y3 – 2y2 + 1 5 1
 =0 = y+ +
y2 – 2y – 3 2(y – 3) 2(y + 1)
ev, y3 – 2y2 + 1 = 0 cÉk²  109 PëMÉvg ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 2
awi, g(y) = y3 – 2y2 + 1 x+3
(a) = a3 + 5a2 + 6a + 8 ‰es P(x) =
 g(1) = (1)3 – 2(1)2 + 1 = 1 – 2 + 1 = 0 x2 + 8x + 15
 (y – 1), g(y) ‰i ‰KwU Drcv`K| K. (–2) ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2
ev, y3 – 2y2 + 1 = 0 L. P(x) ˆK AvswkK f™²vsGk cÉKvk Ki| 4
ev, y3 – y2 – y2 + y  y + 1 = 0 M. hw` (a) ˆK (a – x) ‰es (a – y) «¼viv fvM KiGj
ev, y2(y – 1) – y(y – 1) – 1(y – 1) = 0 ‰KB fvMGkl ^vGK ZGe cÉgvY Ki ˆh,
ev, (y – 1) (y2  y  1) = 0 x2 + y2 + xy + 5x + 5y + 6 = 0, ˆhLvGb x  y| 4
14 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆUÕ¡ ˆccvim ˆgBW BwR: Dîicò  DœPZi MwYZ
109 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb Avevi, F(1) = (1)4 + 3(1)3 + 4(1)2 + 6(1) + 4
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, (a) = a3 + 5a2 + 6a + 8
 = 18  0
F(2) = (2)4 + 3(2)3 + 4(2)2 + 6(2) + 4
 (2) = (2)3 + 5(2)2 + 6(2) + 8
= 16  24 + 16  12 + 4 = 0
= 8 + 20  12 + 8 = 8 (Ans.)
x+3 x+3  {x  (2)}, A^Ævr (x + 2), F(x) ‰i ‰KwU Drcv`K
L
 ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, P(x) = x2 + 8x + 15 = x2 + 5x + 3x + 15 ‰Lb, x4 + 3x3 + 4x2 + 6x + 4
x+3 1 = x4 + x3 + 2x3 + 2x2 + 2x2 + 2x + 4x + 4
= =
(x + 5) (x + 3) x + 5 = x3(x + 1) + 2x2(x + 1) + 2x(x + 1) + 4(x + 1)
; hv
wbGYÆq AvswkK f™²vsk| = (x + 1) (x3 + 2x2 + 2x + 4)
= (x + 1) {x2(x + 2) + 2(x + 2)}
M fvMGkl Dccv`Å AbymvGi,

= (x + 1) (x + 2) (x2 + 2)
(a) ˆK (a  x) «¼viv fvM KiGj fvMGkl nGe
Avevi, ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, F(x) = 0
(x) = x3 + 5x2 + 6x + 8
ev, x4 + 3x3 + 4x2 + 6x + 4 = 0
‰es (a) ˆK (a  y) «¼viv fvM KiGj fvMGkl nGe  (x + 1) (x + 2) (x2 + 2) = 0
(y) = y3 + 5y2 + 6y + 8
nq, x + 1 = 0 A^ev x + 2 = 0 A^ev, x2 + 2 = 0
kZÆvbymvGi, (x) = (y)  x = 1  x = 2,  x2 = 2 (MÉnYGhvMÅ bq)
ev, x3 + 5x2 + 6x + 8 = y3 + 5y2 + 6y + 8 myZivs, x = 1, 2 (Ans.)
ev, x3  y3 + 5(x2  y2) + 6(x  y) = 0 x x
M F(x) = (x + 1) (x + 2) (x2 + 2) [F(x) ‰i gvb ewmGq]

ev, (x  y) (x2 + xy + y2) + 5(x + y) (x  y) + 6(x y) = 0
ev, (x  y) (x2 + xy + y2 + 5x + 5y + 6) = 0 x A B Cx + D
awi, (x + 1) (x + 2) (x2 + 2)  x + 1 + x + 2 + x2 + 2 ... (i)
ev, (x  y) (x2 + y2 + xy + 5x + 5y + 6) = 0
(i) ‰i DfqcÞGK (x + 1) (x + 2) (x2 + 2) «¼viv àY KGi cvB,
wK¯§, x  y  0 x  A(x + 2) (x2 + 2) + B(x + 1) (x2 + 2)
 x2 + y2 + xy + 5x + 5y + 6 = 0 [ˆhLvGb x  y] (cÉgvwYZ) + (Cx + D) (x + 1) (x + 2) ........ (ii)
cÉk²  110 hGkvi ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 1 ; hv x
‰i mKj gvGbi RbÅ mZÅ|
‰Lb, (ii) bs ‰ x = 1 ewmGq cvB,
F(x) = x4 + 3x3 + 4x2 + 6x + 4 ‰KwU eüc`x|
1 = A{(1) + 2} {(1)2 + 2}|
K. F(x) ˆK (2x + 1) «¼viv fvM KiGj fvMGkl KZ nGe Zv ev, 1 = A(1.3) ev, 1 = 3A
wbYÆq Ki| 2 1
A=
L. F(x) = 0 nGj, x ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4 3
x Avevi, (ii) bs ‰ x = 2 ewmˆq cvB,
M. ˆK AvswkK f™²vsGk cÉKvk Ki| 4
F(x) 2 = B{(2) + 1} {(2)2 + 2}
110 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb ev, 2 = B(1)  6
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, F(x) = x + 3x + 4x + 6x + 4
 4 3 2 ev, 2 = 6B
1 1 1
F(x) ˆK (2x + 1) = 2x + 2 = 2x  2 B=
3
    
1 Avevi, (ii) bs ˆ^GK x3 I x2 ‰i mnM mgxK‡Z KGi cvB,
«¼viv fvM KiGj fvMGkl nGe F   A+B+C=0
 2
1 1
1 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 ev,  3 + 3 + C = 0
 F  =   + 3   + 4   + 6   + 4
2
    2    2  2
2
C=0
1 3 4 6 1 3
=  +  +4=  +13+4
16 8 4 2 16 8 ‰es 2A + B + 3C + D = 0
1 1
=
1  6 + 16  48 + 64 27
= (Ans.) ev, 2 3  + 3 + 3.0 + D = 0
16 16
2 1 1
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, F(x) = x4 + 3x3 + 4x2 + 6x + 4
 ev, 3 + 3 + D = 0  D = 3
F(x) ‰i gyLÅ mnM 1 ‰es aË‚ec` 4 (i) bs ‰ A, B, C, D ‰i gvb ewmGq cvB,
F(x) ‰i aË‚ec` 4 ‰i Drcv`KmgƒGni ˆmU x 1 1 1
= + +
= {1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 4} (x + 1) (x + 2) (x2 + 2) 3(x + 1) 3(x + 2) 3(x2 + 2)
‰LvGb, F(1) = (1)4 + 3.(1)3 + 4(1)2 + 6(1) + 4 1
= 
1
+
1
+
1

3  x + 1 x + 2 x2 + 2 
=13+46+4=0
 {x  (1)}, A^Ævr (x + 1), F(x) ‰i ‰KwU Drcv`K ; hv AvswkK f™²vsGk cÉKvwkZ i…c| (Ans.)
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ  Z‡Zxq AaÅvq: RÅvwgwZ 15

AaÅvq 3: RÅvwgwZ
ˆevWÆ cixÞvi cÉk² I mgvavb
cÉk²  92 XvKv ˆevWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 4 A^Ævr, PR . MS = QR . PS ................................(ii)
PQRS PZzfzÆRwU e†Gî A¯¦wjÆwLZ ‰es PR I QS PZzfzÆRwUi `yBwU KYÆ| ‰Lb mgxKiY (i) I (ii) ˆhvM KGi cvB,
K. ABC mgGKvYx wòfzGRi AwZfzR AC = 2 ˆm.wg. nGj PR . QM + PR. MS = PQ . RS + QR . PS
wòfzGRi gaÅgvmgƒGni eGMÆi mgwÓ¡ wbYÆq Ki| 2 ev, PR (QM + MS) = PQ . RS + QR . PS
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, PR I QS ‰i A¯¦MÆZ AvqZGÞò A^Ævr, PR . QS = PQ . RS + QR . PS [ˆhGnZz QM + MS = QS]
PZzfzÆRwUi wecixZ evü«¼Gqi A¯¦MÆZ AvqZGÞGòi  PR.QS = PQ.RS + PS.QR (cÉgvwYZ)
mgwÓ¡i mgvb| 4 
M Q
M. PR eÅvm ‰es Q nGZ PR ‰i Dci QF jÁ¼ nGj, cÉgvY
Ki ˆh, QF2 = PF.RF. 4
92 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb P R
O F
K gGb Kwi, mgGKvYx wòfzGRi gaÅgvòGqi Š`NÆÅ d, e, f ˆm. wg.
 weGkl wbeÆPb: O ˆK±`ÊwewkÓ¡
‰es AwZfzR, AC = b = 2 ˆm.wg. e†Gîi eÅvm PR nGj,
Avgiv Rvwb, mgGKvYx wòfzGRi ˆÞGò, PQR = AaÆe†îÕ© ˆKvY = 1 mgGKvY|
3 2
gaÅgvòGqi eGMÆi mgwÓ¡, d + e + f = 2 b eMÆ ‰KK
2 2 2  PQR mgGKvYx wòfzR hvi AwZfzR = PR ‰es

3 QF  PR| cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, QF2 = PF. RF

=  22 eMÆ ˆm.wg.
2 cÉgvY: PQR = 90
= 3  2 eMÆ ˆm.wg.  PQF + FQR = 90 ... ... (i)
= 6 eMÆ ˆm.wg. (Ans.) Avevi, QF  PR eGj PFQ = QFR = 90
L weGkl wbeÆPb: gGb Kwi, e†Gî P PQF ‰ PFQ + PQF + QPF = 180
A¯¦ÆwjwLZ PQRS PZzfzÆGRi ev, 90 + PQF + QPF = 180
wecixZ evüàGjv h^vKÌGg PQ I  PQF + QPF = 90 ... ... (ii)
RS ‰es QR I PS| PR ‰es QS O
(i) bs ‰es (ii) bs nGZ cvB,
S
PZzfzÆRwUi `yBwU KYÆ| cÉgvY Q M
PQF + FQR = PQF + QPF
KiGZ nGe ˆh, PR . QS = PQ .  FQR = QPF
RS + PS . QR. R
 PQF ‰es QFR ‰ PFQ = QFR, QPF = FQR
Aâb: QPR ˆK SPR ˆ^GK ˆQvU aGi wbGq P we±`yGZ PS
ˆiLvsGki mvG^ QPR-‰i mgvb KGi SPM AuvwK ˆhb PM AewkÓ¡ PQF = AewkÓ¡ FRQ
ˆiLv QS KYÆGK M we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|  PQF ‰es QFR m`†k
cÉgvY: Aâb AbymvGi QPR = SPM 
PQ QF PF
= =
QF PF
A^Ævr, RF = QF
DfqcGÞ RPM ˆhvM KGi cvB, QR FR FQ
QPR + RPM = SPM + RPM  QF2 = PF . RF (cÉgvwYZ)
A^Ævr, QPM = RPS cÉk²  93 ivRkvnx ˆevWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 6
‰Lb PQM I PRS ‰i gGaÅ QPM = RPS
M
PQM = PRS [‰KB e†îvskwÕ©Z ˆKvY mgvb eGj]
‰es AewkÓ¡ PMQ = AewkÓ¡ PSR
 PQM I PRS m`†kGKvYx| R Q
QM PQ E
=
RS PR N S
O P
A^Ævr, PR . QM = PQ . RS .............................. (i)
Avevi, PQR I PMS ‰i gGaÅ wPGò, OS, MS, MO ‰es NS ‰i gaÅwe±`y h^vKÌGg P, Q, R I O.
QPR = SPM [Aâb AbymvGi]
K. PE = 3 ˆm.wg. nGj, PM ‰i Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq Ki| 2
PRQ = PSM [‰KB e†îvskwÕ©Z ˆKvY mgvb eGj]
1
‰es AewkÓ¡ PQR = AewkÓ¡ PMS L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, MO2 + NO2 = 2 (MN2 + MS2) 4
 PQR I PMS m`†kGKvYx|
PS MS
M. MOS nGZ cÉgvY Ki ˆh,
 = 3(ME2 + OE2 + SE2) = MO2 + MS2 + SO2. 4
PR QR
16 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆgBW BwR: Dîicò  DœPZi MwYZ
93 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb  3(MO2 + MS2 + SO2) = 4MP2 + 4OQ2 + 4SR2 ... ... (i)
K Avgiv Rvwb, wòfzGRi fiGK±`Ê gaÅgvòqGK 2 : 1 AbycvGZ Avgiv Rvwb, wòfzGRi gaÅgvàGjv ˆQ` we±`yGZ 2 : 1 AbycvGZ wefÚ

wefÚ KGi| nq|
ME 2 PE 1 PE + ME 1 + 2
ME 2  = ev, = ev, = [ˆhvRb KGi]
 ME : PE = 2 : 1 ev, = PE 1 ME 2 ME 2
PE 1
MP 3
ev,
ME + PE 2 + 1
= [ˆhvRb KGi] ev, ME = 2 ev, 2MP = 3ME ev, 4MP2 = 9ME2 [ eMÆ KGi ]
PE 1
PM 3 Abyi…Gc, 4OQ2 = 9OE2 ‰es 4SR2 = 9 SE2
ev, PE = 1 ev, PM = 3  3 ˆm.wg.
myZivs, (i) bs mgxKiY ˆ^GK cvB,
 PM = 9 ˆm.wg. (Ans.) 3 (MO2 + MS2 + SO2) = 9 ME2 + 9OE2 + 9SE2
L
 gGb Kwi, MNS-‰i gaÅgv MO. M ev, 3 (MO2 + MS2 + SO2) = 9 (ME2 + OE2 + SE2)
cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh,  3(ME2 + OE2 + SE2) = MO2 + MS2 + SO2. (cÉgvwYZ)
1
MO2 + NO2 = (MN2 + MS2) cÉk²  94 PëMÉvg ˆevWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 4
2
Aâb: M ˆ^GK NS ‰i N O T S
P

Ici MT jÁ¼ AuvwK|

cÉgvY: MNO ‰i MON Õ©ƒjGKvY ‰es NO ‰i
ewaÆZvsGki Dci MO ˆiLvi jÁ¼ AwfGÞc OT
 MN2 = MO2 + NO2 + 2NO.OT..... (i)
O Q R

Avevi, MOS ‰i MOS mƒßGKvY ‰es OS ˆiLvi Ici

POR ‰ OPR = 90
MO ˆiLvi jÁ¼ AwfGÞc OT.
2 2 2
 MS = MO + SO  2SO. OT K. OPR ‰i gaÅgvòGqi Š`NÆÅ h^vKÌGg 3 cm, 4 cm I 5 cm
ev, MS = MO + NO  2NO. OT [ NO = SO] ... ... (ii)
2 2 2 nGj AwZfzR OR ‰i Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq Ki| 2
mgxKiY (i) I (ii) ˆhvM KGi cvB, L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, PR2 = PO2 + OR2  2 OR.OQ 4
MN2 + MS2 = MO2 + NO2 + 2NO. OT + MO2 + NO2 M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, PQ2 = OQ.QR 4
 2NO.OT
94 bs cÉ Gk² i mgvavb
MN2 + MS2 = 2MO2 + 2NO2 = 2(MO2 + NO2)
1 K Avgiv Rvwb, mgGKvYx wòfzGRi ˆÞGò,

MO2 + NO2 = (MN2 + MS2) (cÉgvwYZ)
2 3  AwZfzGRi eMÆ = 2 (gaÅgvòGqi eGMÆi mgwÓ¡)
M weGkl wbeÆPb: gGb Kwi, MOS
 M  3  (OR)2 = 2 (32 + 42 + 52)
‰i MP, OQ I SR gaÅgvòq 2
R d ev, OR2 = 3 (9 + 16 + 25)
ciÕ·i E we±`yGZ wgwjZ E
Q
c b
nGqGQ| cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, e
f
ev, OR =
100
= 5.7735
3(ME2 + OE2 + SE2) 3
O P a S
= MO2 + MS2 + SO2.  OR = 5.7735 ˆm.wg.
(cÉvq) (Ans.)
cÉgvY: gGb Kwi MOS ‰i OS, SM I MO evüi Š`NÆÅ L weGkl wbeÆPb: gGb Kwi,
P
h^vKÌGg a, b I c ‰es gaÅgv MP, OQ I SR ‰i Š`NÆÅ POR ‰ OPR = 90
h^vKÌGg d, e I f| ‰es PQ  OR|
ZvnGj, ‰ÅvGcvGjvwbqvGmi Dccv`Å nGZ cvB, cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh,
2 2 2 2
MO + MS = 2(MP + OP ) PR2 = PO2 + OR2 R
O Q
1 2 1
 ( )
ev, c2 + b2 = 2 d2 + 2 a  [ OP = 2 a]

 2OR.OQ
cÉgvY: OPQ ‰ OQP = 90
1
ev, b2 + c2 = 2d2 + 2. 4 a2 [wc^vGMvivGmi Dccv`Å]
 PO2 = PQ2 + OQ2 .....(i)
a2 2(b2 + c2)  a2 Avevi, PQR ‰ PQR = 90
ev, b2 + c2 = 2d2 + 2 ev, d2 = 4  PR2 = PQ2 + QR2
2(c2 + a2)  b2 = PQ2 + (OR  OQ)2 [ QR = OR  OQ]
Abyi…cfvGe cvIqv hvq, e =2
4
‰es
2 2 2
= PQ2 + OR2 + OQ2  2OR.OQ
2(a + b )  c = (PQ2 + OQ2) + OR2  2OR.OQ
f2 =
4
= PO2 + OR2  2 OR.OQ [(i) bs ˆ^GK]
AZ‰e, d2 + e2 + f2
 PR = PO2 + OR2  2 OR.OQ (cÉgvwYZ)
2
2(b2 + c2)  a2 2(c2 + a2)  b2 2(a2 + b2)  c2
= + +
4 4 4 M weGkl wbeÆPb: ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,
 P
3 2 2
A^Ævr, d + e + f = 4 (c + b + a )
2 2 2 2 POR ‰i OPR = 90 ‰es
 3(c2 + b2 + a2) = 4(d2 + e2 + f2)
O Q R
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ  Z‡Zxq AaÅvq: RÅvwgwZ 17
2 2
PQ  OR| cÉgvY KiGZ nGe = 2AM + 2BM [ BM = DM]
ˆh, PQ = OQ.QR
2  AB + AD2 = 2(BM2 + AM2). (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
2

cÉgvY: POR ‰ OPR = 90 M weGkl wbeÆPb: ABCD e†îÕ©

 A

 OPQ + QPR = 90 .....(i) PZzfzÆGRi wecixZ evüàGjv h^vKÌGg

Avevi, OPQ ‰ OQP = 90 [ PQ  OR] AB I DC ‰es AD I BC| AC I O
 POQ + OPQ = 90 ..........(ii) BD PZzfzÆRwUi `ywU KYÆ| cÉgvY D
E
(i) I (ii) bs mgxKiY ˆ^GK cvB, B
KiGZ nGe ˆh,
OPQ + QPR = POQ + OPQ  QPR = POQ C
‰Lb, OPQ I PQR ‰i gGaÅ OQP = PQR = 90 AC.BD = AB. CD + BC.AD|
 POQ = QPR
Aâb: BAC ˆK DAC ‰i ˆPGq ˆQvU aGi wbGq A
‰es AewkÓ¡ OPQ = AewkÓ¡ PRQ
we±`yGZ AD ˆiLvsGki mvG^ BAC ‰i mgvb DAE AvuwK
 OQP I PQR m`†kGKvYx|
OQ PQ ˆhb AE ˆiLvsk BD KYÆGK E we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
 wòfzR«¼q m`†k|  PQ = QR ev, OQ.QR = PQ2 cÉgvY: Aâb AbymvGi, BAC = DAE
 PQ2 = OQ.QR (cÉgvwYZ) ev, BAC + EAC = DAE + EAC
cÉk²  95 ewikvj ˆevWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 4  BAE = DAC

A
‰Lb, ABE I ADC ‰i gGaÅ BAE = DAC
ABE = ACD [‰KB PvGci Dci e†îÕ© ˆKvY mgvb eGj]
D ‰es AewkÓ¡ AEB = AewkÓ¡ ADC
P BE AB
M  ABE I ADC m`†kGKvYx|  CD = AC
B
C A^Ævr, AC.BE = AB. CD ... ... ... (i)
Avevi, ABC I AED ‰i gGaÅ,
wPGò BD KGYÆi gaÅ we±`y M ‰es AP  BD. BAC = DAE [Aâb AbymvGi]
K. ˆ`LvI ˆh, AM2  AD2 = PM2  PD2. 2 ACB = ADE [‰KB PvGci Dci e†îÕ© ˆKvY mgvb eGj]
L. ˆ`LvI ˆh, AB2 + AD2 = 2(BM2 + AM2). 4 ‰es AewkÓ¡ ABC = AewkÓ¡ AED
M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, AC.BD = AB.CD + BC.AD 4 AC BC
 ABC I AED m`†kGKvYx|  AD = DE
95 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
A^Ævr, AC.DE = BC.AD ... ... ... (ii)
K AMP-‰ AP  MP
(i) I (ii) bs mgxKiY ˆhvM KGi cvB,
 AM2 = AP2 + PM2 ............... (i)
AC.BE + AC.DE = AB.CD + BC.AD
Avevi, APD ‰ AP  PD ev, AC(BE + DE) = AB.CD + BC.AD
myZivs AD2 = AP2 + PD2 ......... (ii)  AC.BD = AB.CD + BC.AD [‹ BE + DE = BD]
(i)  (ii) KGi cvB, AM2  AD2 = PM2  PD2 (cÉgvwYZ)
(ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
cÉk²  96 mKj ˆevWÆ 2018  cÉk² bs 4
L weGkl wbeÆPb: ABD ‰i AM
 A
ABC wòfzGRi cwiGK±`Ê, fiGK±`Ê I jÁ¼we±`y h^vKÌGg S, G I O.
gaÅgv BD evüGK mgw«¼Lw´£Z
KGiGQ| cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, K. wPòmn we±`yi jÁ¼ AwfGÞGci msæv `vI| 2
AB2 + AD2 = 2(AM2 + BM2)|
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, S, G I O we±`y wZbwU mgGiL| 4
cÉgvY: BD evüi Dci AP jÁ¼| M. DóxcGKi wòfz R wUi gaÅgv wZbwUi Š`NÆ Å h^vKÌ Gg AD,
BE I CF nGj cÉgvY Ki ˆh,
ABM ‰i AMB Õ©ƒjGKvY
‰es BM ˆiLvi ewaÆZvsGki Ici
B M P D 3(AB2 + BC2 + CA2) = 4 (AD2 + BE2 + CF2). 4
96 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
AM ˆiLvi jÁ¼ AwfGÞc MP|
Õ©ƒjGKvGYi ˆÞGò, wc^vGMvivGmi DccvG`Åi weÕ¦‡wZ AbymvGi K we±`yi jÁ¼ AwfGÞc: ˆKvGbv wbw`ÆÓ¡ mijGiLvi Ici ˆKvGbv
Avgiv cvB, AB = AM + BM + 2.BM.MP ... ... (i)
2 2 2 we±`yi jÁ¼ AwfGÞc ejGZ ˆmB we±`y ˆ^GK DÚ wbw`ÆÓ¡ ˆiLvi
‰LvGb, ADM ‰i AMD mƒßGKvY ‰es MD ˆiLvi Ici Ici AwâZ jGÁ¼i cv`we±`yGK eySvq|
AM ˆiLvi jÁ¼ AwfGÞc MP| gGb Kwi, XY ‰KwU wbw`ÆÓ¡
mƒßGKvGYi ˆÞGò, wc^vGMvivGmi DccvG`Åi weÕ¦‡wZ AbymvGi mijGiLv ‰es P ˆhGKvGbv we±`y P

Avgiv cvB, AD = AM + DM  2.DM.MP ... .. (ii)

2 2 2 (wbGPi wPGò)| P we±`y ˆ^GK
‰Lb mgxKiY (i) I (ii) ˆhvM KGi cvB, XY ˆiLvi Dci AwâZ jÁ¼
2 2 2 2 2
AB + AD = 2AM + BM + DM + 2.BM . MP  2.DM . MP PP ‰es ‰B jGÁ¼i cv`we±`y X P Y
18 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆgBW BwR: Dîicò  DœPZi MwYZ
P|myZivs, P we±`y XY ˆiLvi 2(a2 + b2)  c2
‰es ƒ2 = 4
Ici P we±`yi jÁ¼ AwfGÞc|
L weGkl wbeÆPb: gGb Kwi ABC
 A Avevi, d + e + ƒ
2 2 2

2(b2 + c2)  a2 2(c2 + a2)  b2 2(a2 + b2)  c2

‰i jÁ¼we±`y O, cwiGK±`Ê S ‰es E
=
4
+
4
+
4
AP ‰KwU gaÅgv| jÁ¼we±`y O O 3
A^Ævr, d2 + e2 + ƒ2 = 4 (c2 + a2 + b2)
‰es cwiGK±`Ê S ‰i msGhvM S G

ˆiLv AP gaÅgvGK G we±`yGZ B P D

C ev, 3(c2 + a2 + b2) = 4(d2 + e2 + ƒ2)
 3(AB2 + BC2 + CA2) = 4(AD2 + BE2 + CF2) (cÉgvwYZ)
ˆQ` KGiGQ| S, P ˆhvM KiGj
SP ˆiLv BC ‰i Ici jÁ¼| cÉk²  97 w`bvRcyi ˆevWÆ 2017  cÉk² bs 4
cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, S, G, O PQR ‰i QR evü M I N we±`yGZ mgvb wZbfvGM wefÚ nq|
we±`y wZbwU mgGiL A^Ævr, G K. Z^Åvbyhvqx wPwn×Z wPòwU AuvK| 2
we±`ywU ABC ‰i fiGK±`Ê| L. cÉ g vY Ki ˆh, PQ 2
+ PR2
= PM 2
+ PN 2
+ 4MN 2
4
cÉgvY: ABC ‰i jÁ¼we±`y O ˆ^GK A kxGlÆi `ƒiZ½ OA ‰es M. hw` PQ = PR ‰es M, QR ‰i Dci ˆh ˆKvGbv we±`y
nGj ˆ`LvI ˆh, PQ2 − PM2 = QM.MR 4
cwiGK±`Ê S ˆ^GK A kxGlÆi wecixZ evü BC ‰i `ƒiZ½ SP|
97 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
 OA = 2SP ... ... (1) P

‰Lb, ˆhGnZz AD I SP DfqB BC ‰i Ici jÁ¼ ˆmGnZz  K

AD || SP| ‰Lb AD || SP ‰es AP ‰G`i ˆQ`K| myZivs,
‰Kv¯¦i ˆKvY nIqvq PAD = APS wPGò, PQR ‰i QR evüGK
A^Ævr, OAG = SPG| M I N we±`yGZ mgvb Q R
M N
‰Lb, AGO ‰es PGS ‰i gGaÅ wZbfvGM wefÚ Kiv nGqGQ|
AGO = PGS [wecÉZxc ˆKvY] L weGkl wbeÆPb: ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, PQR ‰i QR evü M I N

OAG = SPG [‰Kv¯¦i ˆKvY] we±`yGZ mgvb wZbfvGM wefÚ| A^Ævr, QM = MN = NR|
 AewkÓ¡ AOG = AewkÓ¡ PSG P, M I P, N ˆhvM Kwi|

 AGO ‰es PGS m`†kGKvYx| cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, PQ2 + PR2 = PM2 + PN2 + 4MN2.
AG OA AG 2SP cÉgvY: PQN ‰i gaÅgv PM
myZivs, GP = SP A^Ævr GP = SP [(1)bs mgxKiY nGZ]
 ‰ÅvGcvGjvwbqvGmi Dccv`Å AbymvGi,
AG 2 PQ2 + PN2 = 2(PM2 + MN2) ... ... ... (i)
AZ‰e GP = 1 ev, AG : GP = 2 : 1
Avevi, PMR ‰ gaÅgv PN
A^Ævr, G we±`y AP gaÅgvGK 2 : 1 AbycvGZ wefÚ KGiGQ|  PM2 + PR2 = 2(PN2 + MN2) ... ... ... (ii)
 G we±`y ABC ‰i fiGK±`Ê| ‰Lb, (i) I (ii) bs mgxKiY ˆhvM KGi cvB,
 S, G I O we±`y wZbwU mgGiL| (cÉgvwYZ) PQ2 + PN2 + PM2 + PR2 = 2PM2 + 2MN2 + 2PN2 + 2MN2
ev, PQ2 + PR2 = 2PM2 + 2PN2 + 4MN2  PM2  PN2
M gGb Kwi, ABC ‰i BC, CA
 A
 PQ2 + PR2 = PM2 + PN2 + 4MN2 (cÉgvwYZ)
I AB evüi Š`NÆÅ h^vKÌGg a, b I
c| BC, CA I AB evüi Dci c b M weGkl wbeÆPb: ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,
 P

F E PQR ‰ PQ = PR ‰es M, QR
AwâZ gaÅgv AD, BE I CF f e
‰i Dci ˆh ˆKvb we±`y| P, M
‰i Š`NÆÅ h^vKÌGg d, e, I f| d
ˆhvM Kwi| cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh,
cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, B D a C PQ2  PM2 = QM.MR
3(AB2 + BC2 + CA2)
Aâb: QR ‰i Ici PN jÁ¼ AvuwK| Q M N R
= 4(AD2 + BE2 + CF2)|
cÉgvY: mgGKvYx PQN ‰ PQ AwZfzR|
cÉgvY: ‰ÅvGcvGjvwbqvGmi Dccv`Å nGZ cvB,  PQ2 = QN2 + PN2 ... ... ... (i)
AB2 + AC2 = 2(AD2 + BD2) Avevi, mgGKvYx PMN ‰ PM AwZfzR|
1 2  PM2 = MN2 + PN2 ... ... ... (ii)
ev, c2 + b2 = 2 d2 +  2 a  [ BD = 2 a]
1
(i) bs ˆ^GK (ii) bs weGqvM KGi cvB,
1 a2 PQ2  PM2 = QN2 + PN2  MN2  PN2
ev, b2 + c2 = 2d2 + 2. 4 a2 ev, b2 + c2 = 2d2 + 2
= QN2  MN2 = (QN + MN)(QN  MN)
2(b2 + c2)  a2 = (NR + MN).QM [mgw«¼evü wòfzGRi kxlÆ nGZ
ev, d2 = 4
f„wgi Dci jÁ¼ f„wgGK mgw«¼LwíZ
2(c2 + a2)  b2
Abyi…cfvGe cvIqv hvq, e2 = 4 KGi A^Ævr, QN = NR]
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ  Z‡Zxq AaÅvq: RÅvwgwZ 19
= MR.QM Zvi Dci AciwUi jÁ¼ AwfGÞGci A¯¦MÆZ AvqZGÞGòi w«¼àY
 PQ  PM2 = QM.MR
2
(cÉgvwYZ) cwigvY Kg|
cÉk²  98 PëMÉvg ˆevWÆ 2017  cÉk² bs 4 ABC- ‰i ACB mƒßGKvY|
ABC mƒßGKvYx wòfzGRi kxlÆòq ˆ^GK wecixZ evüàGjvi Dci ‰es CD, BC evüGZ AC evüi jÁ¼ AwfGÞc eGj,
jÁ¼òq AD, BE I CF ciÕ·i O we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGiGQ| AB2 = AC2 + BC2  2BC.CD …… (i)
K. AC = 5 ˆm. wg., CD = 3 ˆm. wg. nGj, AD ‰i Š`NÆÅ Avevi, CE, AC evüGZ BC evüi jÁ¼ AwfGÞc|
wbYÆq Ki| 2  AB2 = BC2 + AC2  2AC. CE ……. (ii)
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, AO.OD = BO.OE = CO.OF 4 (i) I (ii) bs mgxKiY nGZ cvB,
AC2 + BC2  2BC.CD = BC2 + AC2  2AC.CE
M. ˆ`LvI ˆh, BC.CD = AC.CE 4
98 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb ev,  2BC.CD =  2AC.CE
[DfqcÞ nGZ (AC2 + BC2) weGqvM KGi ]
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, AC = 5 ˆm. wg.
 A
‰es CD = 3 ˆm. wg. ev, BC.CD = AC.CE [Dfq cÞGK ( 2) «¼viv fvM KGi]
 BC.CD = AC.CE (cÉgvwYZ)
mgGKvYx ADC wòfzR ‰ 5 ˆm. wg.
AC2 = AD2 + CD2 cÉk²  99 wmGjU ˆevWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 4
ev, AD2 = AC2 – CD2 B L
D 3 ˆm. wg. C
= (5)2 – (3)2 = 25 – 9
= 16
 AD = 4 ˆm. wg. (Ans.)
L weGkl wbeÆPb: ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,
 A
S G E
ABC-‰i kxlÆòq ˆ^GK wecixZ O

evüòGqi Ici jÁ¼ AD, BE I CF M P D N

ciÕ·i O we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi| F O E

cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, AO. OD = DcGii wPGò S, O h^vKÌGg LMN ‰i cwiGK±`Ê I jÁ¼we±`y, G
BO.OE = CO.OF B D C
fiGK±`Ê, LP gaÅgv, MN = a, LN = b, LM = c
cÉgvY: BOF I COE-‰ K. OL = 9 ˆm.wg. nGj SP ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2
OFB = OEC = 90 [ CF  AB, BE  AC]
L. ˆ`LvI ˆh, S, G, O ‰KB mijGiLvq AewÕ©Z| 4
M. N mƒßGKvY nGj, cÉgvY Ki ˆh, a.ND = b.NE 4
‰es BOF = COE [wecÉZxc ˆKvY eGj ]
99 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
‰es AewkÓ¡ OBF = AewkÓ¡ OCE
K
 ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, OL = 9 ˆm.wg.
 wòfzR `yBwU m`†kGKvYx| Avgiv Rvwb, ˆKvb wòfzGRi jÁ¼we±`y ˆ^GK kxGlÆi `ƒiZ½ wòfzGRi
 wòfzR«¼q m`†k| cwiGK±`Ê ˆ^GK H kxGlÆi wecixZ evüi jÁ¼ `ƒiGZ½i w«¼àY|
BO OF  OL = 2SP
 
CO OE 9
 BO. OE = CO. OF ............... (i)
ev, 9 = 2SP ev, SP = 2  SP = 4.5 ˆm.wg. (Ans.)
Avevi,  BOD I  AOE-‰ L cvVÅeBGqi Abykxjbx-3.2 ‰i Dccv`Å-10 `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-74

ODB = OEA = 90 [ AD  BC, BE  AC] M Avgiv Rvwb, ˆhGKvGbv wòfzGR
 L

‰es BOD = AOE [wecÉZxc ˆKvY ] mƒÞÄGKvGYi wecixZ evüi Dci

‰es AewkÓ¡ OBD = AewkÓ¡ OAE AwâZ eMÆGÞò Aci `yB evüi Dci
 wòfzR `yBwU m`†kGKvYx|  wòfzR«¼q m`†k| AwâZ eMÆGÞò«¼Gqi ˆÞòdGji
BO OD mgwÓ¡ AGcÞv H `yB evüi ˆhGKvGbv E
 
AO OE ‰KwU I Zvi Dci AciwUi jÁ¼ M N
 AO.OD = BO. OE ... ... ... ... (ii) AwfGÞGci A¯¦MÆZ AvqZGÞGòi D

‰Lb, mgxKiY (i) I (ii) nGZ cvB, ˆÞòdGji w«¼àY cwigvY Kg|
LMN ‰i LNM mƒÞÄGKvY| [DóxcK AbymvGi]
 AO.OD = BO.OE = CO. OF (cÉgvwYZ) A ‰es ND, MN evüGZ LN evüi jÁ¼ AwfGÞc|
M weGkl wbeÆPb: ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,
  LM2 = LN2 + MN2  2MN. ND ......... (i)
ABC ‰i AD, BC ‰i Ici E Avevi, NE, LN evüGZ MN evüi jÁ¼ AwfGÞc|
 LM2 = MN2 + LN2  2LN.NE ............. (ii)
‰es BE, AC-‰i Ici jÁ¼| (i) ‰es (ii) bs mgxKiY ˆ^GK cvB,
cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, B
D
C LN2 + MN2  2MN. ND = MN2 + LN2  2LN . NE
BC. CD = AC. CE. ev,  2MN. ND =  2LN. NE
cÉgvY: Avgiv Rvwb, ˆh ˆKvGbv wòfzGR mƒßGKvGYi wecixZ [Dfq cÞ nGZ (LN2 + MN2) weGqvM KGi]
evüi Ici AwâZ eMÆGÞò Aci `yB evüi Ici AwâZ ev, MN. ND = LN.NE [Dfq cÞGK ( 2) «¼viv fvM KGi]
 a. ND = b. NE (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
eMÆGÞò«¼Gqi mgwÓ¡ AGcÞv H `yB evüi ˆh ˆKvGbv ‰KwU I
20 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆgBW BwR: Dîicò  DœPZi MwYZ
cÉk² 100 hGkvi ˆevWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 4 ‰es CD = DE + CE A

ABC ‰i AD, BE ‰es CF gaÅgvòq ciÕ·iGK G we±`yGZ ˆQ` = 2 + 2 = 4 ˆm. wg.

KGiGQ| ADC mgGKvYx wòfzR nGZ,
K. GD = 2 ˆm.wg. nGj AD ‰i Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq Ki| 2 AC2 = AD2 + CD2
B C
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, AB + BC = 2(AE + BE )
2 2 2 2
4 = 32 + 42 = 25 D E

M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, 3(AB + BC + AC ) = 4(AD + BE + CF ). 4

2 2 2 2 2 2
 AC = 5 ˆm. wg. (Ans.)
100 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb L weGkl wbeÆPb: ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, ABC-‰i BC evü D I

K Avgiv Rvwb, wòfzGRi fiGK±`Ê ˆhGKvGbv
 A
gaÅgvGK 2 : 1 AbycvGZ wefÚ KGi| E we±`yGZ wZbwU mgvb AsGk wefÚ nGqGQ A^Ævr,
‰LvGb, G nGjv wòfzGRi fiGK±`Ê| F E BD = DE = EC|
Ô AG : GD = 2 : 1 G cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, A
AG 2
ev, GD = 1 ev, AG = 2GD B C
2 2 2 2
AB + AC = AD + AE + 4DE . 2

D
ev, AG = 2  2 [‹ GD = 2 ˆm.wg.]
 AG = 4 ˆm. wg. B D E C
Ô AD = AG + GD = (4 + 2) ˆm.wg. = 6 ˆm. wg. (Ans.)
L B cÉgvY: ABE-‰i gaÅgv AD [ BD = DE]
‰ÅvGcvGjvwbqvGmi Dccv`Å AbymvGi,
AB2 + AE2 = 2 (AD2 + DE2 ) ……. (i)
Avevi, ADC ‰i gaÅgv AE [ DE = EC]
 AD2 + AC2 = 2(AE2 + DE2 ) ……. (ii)

A C ‰Lb, (i) bs I (ii) bs mgxKiY ˆhvM KGi cvB,

M E
weGkl wbeÆPb: ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, ABC ‰i AC evüi gaÅgv BE| AB2 + AE2 + AD2 + AC2 = 2AD2 + 2DE2 + 2AE2 + 2DE2
cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, AB2 + BC2 = 2(AE2 + BE2) ev, AB2 + AC2 = 2AD2 + 2AE2 + 4DE2  AD2  AE2
Aâb: BM  AC AuvwK| ev, AB2 + AC2 = AD2 +AE2 + 4DE2
cÉgvY: ABE ‰ AEB mƒßGKvY ‰es AE evüi Dci BE  AB2 + AC2 = AD2 +AE2 + 4DE2 (cÉgvwYZ)
evüi jÁ¼ AwfGÞc ME M weGkl wbeÆPb: ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,
 A
Ô mƒßGKvGYi ˆÞGò wc^vGMvivGmi DccvG`Åi weÕ¦‡wZ AbymvGi, ABC ‰i ADBC|
AB2 = AE2 + BE2 – 2AE.ME ... ... ... ... ... ... (i)
Avevi, BEC ‰ BEC Õ©ƒjGKvY ‰es CE evüi ewaÆZvsGki cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh,
AC2 = AB2 + BC2  2.BC.BD
Dci BE ‰i jÁ¼ AwfGÞc ME. cÉgvY: ADC ‰i ADC mgGKvY
B D E C

Ô Õ©ƒjGKvGYi ˆÞGò wc^vGMvivGmi DccvG`Åi weÕ¦‡wZ AbymvGi,

BC2 = CE2 + BE2 + 2CE.ME ... ... ... ... ... ... (ii)  AC2 = AD2 + CD2 ... ... (i) [wc^vGMvivGmi Dccv`Å]
(i) I (ii) bs mgxKiGYi ˆhvM KGi cvB, wPGò, CD = BC  BD
AB2 + BC2 = AE2 + BE2 – 2AE.ME + CE2 + BE2 + 2CE.ME  CD2 = (BC  BD)2 = BC2 + BD2  2BC.BD ... ... (ii)
= 2BE2 + AE2 + AE2 – 2AE.ME + 2AE.ME ‰Lb mgxKiY (i) I (ii) nGZ cvIqv hvq,
[∵ AE = CE] AC2 = AD2 + BC2 + BD2  2BC.BD
= 2BE2 + 2AE2  AC2 = AD2 + BD2 + BC2  2BC.BD .......... (iii)
Ô AB2 + BC2 = 2(AE2 + BE2) (cÉgvwYZ) Avevi, ABD mgGKvYx wòfzR ‰es D ‰K mgGKvY
M m†Rbkxj 6(M)bs mgvavb `ËÓ¡eÅ|
 AB2 = AD2 + BD2 ... ... ... (iv) [wc^vGMvivGmi Dccv`Å]
mgxKiY (iii) I (iv) nGZ cvB,
cÉk²  101 ewikvj ˆevWÆ 2017  cÉk² bs 4 AC2 = AB2 + BC2  2BC.BD (cÉgvwYZ)
A
wPGò BD = ED = CE cÉk²  102 w`bvRcyi ˆevWÆ 2016  cÉk² bs 3
‰es AD  BC. P S

B D C
E M
Q R
K. DE = 2 ˆm.wg. ‰es AD = 3 ˆm.wg. nGj, AC ‰i Š`NÆÅ
wbYÆq Ki| 2 wPGò PQRS ‰KwU mvgv¯¦wiK|
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, AB2 + AC2 = AD2 + AE2 + 4DE2. 4 K. ‰ÅvGcvGjvwbqvGmi Dccv`ÅwU wee†Z Ki| 2
M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, AC = AB + BC  2BC.BD.
2 2 2
4 L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, PQ2 + PS2 = 2(PO2 + QO2). 4
101 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb M. ˆfÙi c«¬wZGZ cÉgvY Ki ˆh, PO = RO ‰es QO =
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, BD = ED = CE, DE = 2 ˆm. wg.
 SO. 4
‰es AD = 3 ˆm. wg. 102 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
 CE = DE = 2 ˆm. wg.
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ  Z‡Zxq AaÅvq: RÅvwgwZ 21
K ‰ÅvGcvGjvwbqvGmi Dccv`Å: wòfzGRi ˆh ˆKvb `yB evüi Dci
 ev, p+ s = q + r
AwâZ eMÆGÞò«¼Gqi ˆÞòdGji mgwÓ¡, Z‡Zxq evüi AGaÆGKi  p  r = q  s
Ici AwâZ eMÆGÞGòi ˆÞòdj ‰es H evüi mgw«¼L´£K
gaÅgvi Ici AwâZ eMÆGÞGòi ˆÞòdGji mgwÓ¡i w«¼àY| ‰LvGb, p I r ‰i aviK PR
L PSQ ‰i PO gaÅgv SQ evüGK mgw«¼LwíZ KGiGQ| cÉgvY
  p  r ‰i aviK PR
 
KiGZ nGe ˆh, PQ2 + PS2 = 2(PO2 + QO2) Avevi, q I s ‰i aviK QS
P
 q  s ‰i aviK QS
P  
p r
 
I q  s `yBwU mgvb mgvb A÷bÅ ˆfÙi nGj ZvG`i
ˆm.wg.

aviK ˆiLv ‰KB A^ev mgv¯¦ivj nGe| wK¯§ PR I QS `yBwU

4

60 S ciÕ·iGQ`x Amgv¯¦ivj mijGiLv| myZivs p  r I

Q 
M O S M Q O
wPò-(2) q  s GfÙi«¼q AkƒbÅ nGZ cvGi bv weavq ‰G`i gvb kƒbÅ nGe|
wPò-(1)  

Aâb: SQ evüi Ici (wPò 1bs) ‰es SQ evüi ewaÆZvsGki  p  r = 0

Ici (wPò-2bs) PM jÁ¼ Aâb Kwi| ev, p = r
cÉgvY: PSO ‰i POS Õ©ƒjGKvY ‰es SO ˆiLvi  
ev, PO = OR
ewaÆZvsGki Dci PO ˆiLvi jÁ¼ AwfGÞc OM [Dfq wPGò]  
 Õ©ƒjGKvGYi ˆÞGò cx^vGMvivGmi DccvG`Åi weÕ¦‡wZ  |PO| = |OR|
‰es q  s = 0
AbymvGi, Avgiv cvB, PS2 = PO2 + SO2 + 2SO.OM ...... (i)
Avevi, PQO ‰i POQ mƒßGKvY ‰es OQ ˆiLvi (wPò- ev, q = s
1bs) ‰es OQ ˆiLvi ewaÆZvsGki (wPò-2bs) Dci PO ˆiLvi  
ev, QO = OS
jÁ¼ AwfGÞc OM.  
 |QO| = |OS|
 mƒßGKvGYi ˆÞGò cx^vGMvivGmi DccvG`Åi weÕ¦‡wZ AbymvGi
 PO = RO ‰es QO = SO (cÉgvwYZ)
cvB,
PQ2 = PO2 + QO2  2QO.OM...........(ii) cÉk²  103 hGkvi ˆevWÆ 2016  cÉk² bs 3
(i) I (ii) bs mgxKiY ˆhvM KGi cvB, ABC ‰i C = 90 ‰es BC, AC I AB evüi gaÅwe±`y
PS2 + PQ2 = 2PO2 + SO2 + QO2 + 2SO.OM  2QO.OM h^vKÌGg P, Q I R|
= 2PO2 + QO2 + QO2 + 2QO.OM  2QO.OM [‹ SO=QO]
= 2(PO2 + QO2)
K. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK wbLyuZ wPwn×Z wPò AuvK| 2
 PQ2 + PS2 = 2(PO2 + QO2) (cÉgvwYZ) L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, AB2 = PA2 + PB2 + 2PB.PC. 4
M
 M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, 3(AC2 + BC2) = 2(AP2 + BQ2 +
P
S CR2). 4
O 103 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
O K
 A

Q R

gGb Kwi, PQRS mvgv¯¦wiGKi PR I QS KYÆÆ«¼q ciÕ·i O

we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi| Q
R
   
gGb Kwi, PO = p , QO = q , OR = r , OS = s
   
cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh,
PO = OR ‰es QO = OS
cÉgvY:
B C
      P
PO + OS = PS ‰es QO + OR = QR
ˆhGnZz mvgv¯¦wiGKi wecixZ evü«¼q ciÕ·i mgvb I
mgv¯¦ivj|
 
 PS = QR L weGkl wbeÆPbt gGb Kwi, PAB wòfzGRi

    BPA Õ©ƒjGKvY, AB Õ©ƒjGKvGYi
A^Ævr, PO + OS = QO + OR
22 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆgBW BwR: Dîicò  DœPZi MwYZ
wecixZ evü ‰es Õ©ƒjGKvGYi mw®²wnZ A
[(iii) bs ˆ^GK]
evü«¼q PB I PA| BP evüi 2 2 52 2 5 2 1
ev, AP + BQ + CR = 4 AC + 4 BC + 4 AC + 4 BC2
2 1
ewaÆZvsGki Ici AP evüi jÁ¼
6 6
AwfGÞc PC| cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, B
P
C ev, AP2 + BQ2 + CR2 = 4 AC2 + 4 BC2
2 2 2
AB = PA + PB + 2.PB.PC 3
cÉgvYt ABC ‰KwU mgGKvYx wòfzR ‰es ACB mgGKvY| ev, AP2 + BQ2 + CR2 = 2 (AC2 + BC2)
myZivs cx^vGMvivGmi Dccv`Å AbymvGi, ev, 2(AP2 + BQ2 + CR2) = 3(AC2 + BC2)
AB2 = AC2 + BC2  3(AC2 + BC2) = 2(AP2 + BQ2 + CR2) (cÉgvwYZ)
= AC2 + (PB + PC)2 [‹ BC = PB + PC]
= AC2 + PB2 + PC2 + 2PB.PC ........... (i) cÉk²  104 XvKv ˆevWÆ 2015  cÉk² bs 3
Avevi, APC mgGKvYx wòfzR ‰es ACP mgGKvY| ABC ‰i AD, BE I CF gaÅgvòq O we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGiGQ
 AC2 + PC2 = PA2 ............... (ii)
K. O we±`ywUi bvg wK? O, AD ˆK wK AbycvGZ wefÚ KGi? 2
(i) bs ˆ^GK cvB,
AB2 = AC2 + PC2 + PB2 + 2PB.PC L. DóxcGKi wPòwU Aâb KGi ˆ`LvI ˆh,
= PA2 + PB2 + 2PB.PC [(ii) bs nGZ] AB2 + AC2 = 2 (AD2 + BD2). 4
 AB2 = PA2 + PB2 + 2PB.PC (cÉgvwYZ) M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, AB2 + BC2 + AC2 = 3(AO2 + BO2 +
M
 A
CO2). 4
R
104 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
Q
K ABC ‰i AD, BE I CF gaÅgvòvq O we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGiGQ|

 O we±`y nGœQ ABC ‰i fiGK±`Ê ‰es O, AD gaÅgvGK
B
P
C 2 : 1 AbycvGZ wefÚ KGi|

weGkl wbeÆPbt ABC ‰i C = 90 ‰es BC, AC I AB evüi L

 A A
gaÅwe±`y h^vKÌGg P, Q I R| A, P; B, Q; C, R ˆhvM Kwi| cÉgvY
KiGZ nGe ˆh, 3(AC2 + BC2) = 2(AP2 + BQ2 + CR2) F O E F
E
cÉgvYt P, BC evüi gaÅwe±`y| O
1
myZivs CP = 2 BC B D M C B D C M

1
 CP2 = BC2 weGkl wbeÆPb: gGb Kwi, ABC-‰i gaÅgv AD.
4
1
cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, AB2 + AC2 = 2 (BD2 + AD2)
Abyi…cfvGe, CQ2 = 4 AC2 Aâb: A ˆ^GK BC A^ev, BC-‰i ewaÆZvsGki Dci AM
Avevi, ˆhGnZz C = 90 ‰es R, AB evüi gaÅwe±`y| jÁ¼ AuvwK|
1
myZivs CR = 2 AB cÉgvY: gGb Kwi, ADB Õ©„jGKvY,
1
AZ‰e, AB2 = AD2 + BD2 + 2BD.DM..... (i)
 CR2 = AB2. ADC mƒÞÄGKvY nGj,
4
APC nGZ cx^vGMvivGmi Dccv`Å AbymvGi, AC2 = AD2 + CD2  2CD. DM
AP2 = AC2 + CP2 ev, AC2 = AD2 + BD2  2BD. DM [‹ BD = CD] ..... (ii)
1 mgxKiY (i) I (ii) ˆhvM KGi cvB,
 AP2 = AC2 + BC2 ............. (i)
4 AB2 + AC2 = AD2 + BD2 + 2BD. DM + AD2 + BD2  2BD.DM
Avevi, BQC nGZ, ev, AB2 + AC2 = 2AD2 + 2BD2
BQ2 = BC2 + CQ2  AB2 + AC2 = 2(AD2 + BD2)2 (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
1
 BQ2 = BC2 + AC2 ............. (ii)
4
M
 A

Avevi, ABC nGZ,

AB2 = AC2 + BC2 ............... (iii) F E
O
(i) I (ii) bs ˆhvM KGi cvB,
1 1
AP2 + BQ2 = AC2 + BC2 + BC2 + AC2
4 4 B C
D
5 5
ev, AP + BQ + CR = 4 AC + 4 BC + CR2
2 2 2 2 2
weGkl wbeÆPb: gGb Kwi, ABC ‰i gaÅgvòq h^vKÌGg AD, BE I
[DfqcGÞ CR2 ˆhvM KGi] CF ciÕ·i O we±`yGZ wgwjZ nGqGQ|
5 5 1 cÉ gvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, AB2
+ BC2
+ CA2 = 3 (AO2 + BO2 + CO2)
ev, AP2 + BQ2 + CR2 = 4 AC2 + 4 BC2 + 4 AB2
cÉgvY: ABC ‰i AD, BE I CF wZbwU gaÅgv|
5 5 1
ev, AP2 + BQ2 + CR2 = 4 AC2 + 4 BC2 + 4 (AC2 + BC2) ‰ÅvGcvGjvwbqvGmi Dccv`Å AbymvGi
AB2 + CA2 = 2(AD2 + BD2) ….......….(i)
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ  Z‡Zxq AaÅvq: RÅvwgwZ 23
2 2 2 2
AB + BC = 2(BE + CE ) …........….(ii)
‰es BC2 + CA2 = 2(CF2 + BF2) …….........(iii) ‰Lb, APM-‰ ˆfÙi ˆhvGMi wòfzR wewa AbymvGi cvB,
‰Lb, mgxKiY (i), (ii) I (iii) ˆhvM KGi cvB,   
2AB2 + 2BC2 + 2CA2 = 2AD2 + 2BD2 + 2BE2 + 2CE2 + 2CF2 + 2BF2 MA + AP = MP
  
ev, 2(AB2 + BC2 + CA2) = 2(AD2 + BE2 + CF2) + 2(BD2 + CE2 + BF2)  AP = MP  MA (Ans.)
ev, 4(AB2 + BC2 + CA2) = 4(AD2 + BE2 + CF2) + 4 (BD2 + CE2 + BF2) L
 P
[ Dfq cÞGK 2 «¼viv àY KGi ]
ev, 4(AB2 + BC2 + CA2) = 4 (AD2 + BE2 + CF2) + (2BD)2
+ (2CE)2 + (2BF)2
ev, 4(AB + BC + CA ) = 4 (AD + BE + CF ) + BC2 + CA2 + AB2
2 2 2 2 2 2

[D, E, F h^vKÌGg BC, CA I AB evüi gaÅ we±`y eGj, M A B N

2BD = BC, 2CE = CA, 2BF = AB]
weGkl wbeÆPb: PMN-‰ PM = PN| MN ‰i Dci ˆhGKvGbv
ev, 3 (AB2 + BC2 + CA2) = 4 (AD2 + BE2 + CF2)
 3(AB2 + BC2 + CA2) = 4AD2 + 4BE2 + 4CF2 … ... (iv)
we±`y B wbB|
P, B ˆhvM Kwi| cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, PM2 – PB2 = MB. BN.
Avgiv Rvwb, wòfzGRi gaÅgvàGjv mgcvZ we±`yGZ 2 t 1 AbycvGZ
cÉgvY: Avgiv Rvwb, mgw«¼evü wòfzGRi mgvb mgvb evüi ˆQ`we±`y
wefÚ KGi|
AO 2 nGZ wecixZ evüi Dci AwâZ jÁ¼ DÚ evüGK mgw«¼Lw´£Z

OD 1
= KGi|
OD 1 PMN-‰ PM = PN ‰es PA  MN
ev, AO = 2  MA = AN
OD + AO 1 + 2 APM mgGKvYx wòfzGR,
ev, = [ˆhvRb KGi]
AO 2 PM2 = PA2 + MA2 [cx^vGMvivGmi Dccv`Å]
AD 3
ev, AO = 2 Avevi, PBA-‰ mgGKvYx wòfzGR,
PB2 = PA2 + AB2 [cx^vGMvivGmi Dccv`Å]
ev, 2AD = 3AO  PM2  PB2 = PA2 + MA2  PA2  AB2
ev, 4AD2 = 9AO2 [ eMÆ KGi ] = MA2  AB2
Abyi…Gc, 4BE2 = 9BO2 ‰es 4CF2 = 9 CO2 = (MA + AB).(MA  AB)
= MB. (AN  AB) [ MA = AN]
myZivs (iv) bs mgxKiY ˆ^GK cvB, = MB.BN
3 (AB2 + BC2 + CA2) = 9 AO2 + 9BO2 + 9CO2
ev, 3 (AB2 + BC2 + CA2) = 9 (AO2 + BO2 + CO2)  PM2  PB2 = MB.BN (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
 AB2 + BC2 + CA2 = 3 (AO2 + BO2 + CO2) (cÉgvwYZ) M
 P
cÉk²  105 ivRkvnx ˆevWÆ 2015  cÉk² bs 3
R
P

A R
M N

E
M N
A weGkl wbeÆPb: gGb Kwi, mgw«¼evü PMN-‰ PM = PN| A
PMN mgw«¼evü wòfzGR PM = PN ‰es PA  MN. ˆ^GK MN-‰i Ici AwâZ jÁ¼ PA ‰es wòfzGRi cwieÅvmvaÆ
   R| cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, PM2 = 2R.PA.
K. APM ‰i ˆÞGò AP ˆfÙiGK MA ‰es MP Aâb: PA-ˆK ‰gbfvGe ewaÆZ Kwi, ˆhb Zv cwie†îGK
ˆfÙi«¼Gqi gvaÅGg cÉKvk Ki| 2 E we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi| N, E ˆhvM Kwi|
L. B, MN ˆiLvi Ici ˆh ˆKvGbv we±`y nGj, ˆ`LvI ˆh,
cÉgvY: PAN I PNE-‰,
PM2 – PB2 = MB.BN. 4 PAN = PNE
M. PMN wòfzGRi cwieÅvmvaÆ R nGj, cÉgvY Ki ˆh, [‹ AaÆe†îÕ© PNE = 90° ‰es PA, MN ‰i Ici jÁ¼ eGj
PM2 = 2R.PA. 4 PAN = 90°]
K
 EPN mvaviY ˆKvY|
P
‰es AewkÓ¡ PNA = AewkÓ¡ PEN
 wòfzR«¼q m`†kGKvYx Z^v m`†k|
PA PN
 PN = PE [‹ m`†kGKvYx wòfzR«¼Gqi Abyi…c evüàGjvi AbycvZ mgvb]
ev, PN2 = PE . PA
 PM2 = PE. PA [‹ PM = PN] …………. (i)
M A N
24 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆgBW BwR: Dîicò  DœPZi MwYZ
‰Lb, MA = NA [‘L’ ˆ^GK] M
 P
A^Ævr PA  MN ‰es PA, MN ‰i mgw«¼LíK|
 PA, e†Gîi ˆK±`Ê w`Gq hvq|
[ˆK±`Ê ˆ^GK eÅvm wf®² ˆKvb RÅvGqi Ici AwâZ jÁ¼ RÅvGK
mgw«¼LwíZ KGi]
 PE, PMN -‰i cwieÅvm| 60
PE = 2R [ ‹ R, PMN-‰i cwieÅvmvaÆ] Q E R
ZvnGj (i) nGZ cvB, weGkl wbeÆPb: ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, PQR ‰i Q = 60°, cÉgvY
PM2 = 2R.PA (cÉgvwYZ) KiGZ nGe ˆh, PR2 = PQ2 + QR2  PQ.QR.
cÉk²  106 KzwgÍÏv ˆevWÆ 2015  cÉk² bs 3 Aâb: PE  QR Uvwb|
cÉgvY: Avgiv Rvwb, ˆKvGbv wòfzGRi mƒÞÄGKvGYi wecixZ evüi
P Ici AwâZ eMÆGÞò Aci `yB evüi Ici AwâZ
eMÆGÞò«¼Gqi mgwÓ¡ AGcÞv H `yB evüi ˆhGKvGbv ‰KwU I
Zvi Ici AciwUi jÁ¼ AwfGÞGci A¯¦MÆZ AvqZGÞGòi w«¼àY
cwigvY Kg|
Q R  PQR ‰i Q = 60°, A^Ævr mƒÞÄGKvY ‰es ZvnGj QE,
D
QR ‰i Ici PQ ‰i jÁ¼ AwfGÞc|
PQR ‰ D, QR-‰i gaÅwe±`y|  PR2 = PQ2 + QR2  2QR.QE ……. (i)
K. jÁ¼ we±`y I fiGK±`Ê Kx? 2 mgGKvYx PQE-‰ jÁ¼ PE, fƒwg QE ‰es AwZfzR PQ.
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, PQ2 + PR2 = 2 (PD2 + QD2). 4
 cos PQE = PQ
QE ‹ cos = f„wg 
M. Q = 60 nGj cÉgvY Ki ˆh,  AwZfzR
QE
PR2 = PQ2 + QR2 – PQ.QR. 4 ev, cos60° = PQ [ PQE = 60]
106 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb 1 QE
ev, 2 = PQ
K jÁ¼we±`y: wòfzGRi kxlÆwe±`yàGjv nGZ wecixZ evüi Ici

1
AwâZ jÁ¼àGjv ˆh we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi H we±`yGK jÁ¼we±`y ejv nq|  QE =
2
.PQ
fiGK±`Ê: wòfzGRi gaÅgvàGjv ˆh we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi H we±`yGK ‰Lb, (i) bs-‰ QE-‰i gvb ewmGq cvB,
fiGK±`Ê ejv nq| 2 2 2 1
PR = PQ + QR  2PQ. QR.
L
 P 2
 PR2 = PQ2 + QR2  PQ.QR (cÉgvwYZ)
cÉk²  107 PëMÉvg ˆevWÆ 2015  cÉk² bs 3
ABC wòfzGRi C Õ©„jGKvY, AB Õ©„jGKvGYi wecixZ evü ‰es
Q R
Õ©„jGKvGYi mw®²wnZ evü«¼q h^vKÌGg BC I AC|
D E
K. AC evüi jÁ¼ AwfGÞc Aâb Ki| 2
weGkl wbeÆPb: PQR-‰ D, QR-‰i gaÅwe±`y|
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, AB = AC + BC + 2BC.CD|
2 2 2
4
cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, PQ2 + PR2 = 2(PD2 + QD2)
Aâb: QR evüi Dci PE jÁ¼ Aâb Kwi| M. wòfzRwUi gaÅgvòq P we±`yGZ wgwjZ nGj cÉgvY Ki ˆh,
AB2 + BC2 + CA2 = 3(PA2 + PB2 + PC2)| 4
cÉgvY: PQD ‰i PDQ Õ©ƒjGKvY ‰es QD ˆiLvi
ewaÆZvsGki Dci PD ˆiLvi jÁ¼ AwfGÞc DE| Õ©ƒjGKvGYi 3 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
ˆÞGò, cx^vGMvivGmi DccvG`Åi weÕ¦‡wZ AbymvGi Avgiv cvB, K
 A
PQ2 = PD2 + QD2 + 2QD.DE ................. (i)
‰LvGb, PRD ‰i PDR mƒßGKvY ‰es DR ˆiLvi Ici
PD ˆiLvi jÁ¼ AwfGÞc DE.
 mƒßGKvGYi ˆÞGò,
cx^vGMvivGmi DccvG`Åi weÕ¦‡wZ AbymvGi cvB,
PR2 = PD2 + RD2  2RD.DE ................... (ii) B C D
‰Lb, mgxKiY (i) I (ii) ˆhvM KGi cvB,
PQ2 + PR2 = PD2 + QD2 + 2QD.DE + PD2 + RD2  2RD.DE
ABC wòfzGRi C Õ©ƒjGKvY
= 2PD2 + QD2 + RD2 + 2QD.DE  2RD.DE BC ˆK D chƯ¦ ewaÆZ KGi BD  AD AvuwK|
= 2PD2 + QD2 + QD2 + 2QD.DE  2QD.DE myZivs BC evüi Dci AC evüi jÁ¼ AwfGÞc CD|
[‹ QD = RD] L DœPZi MwYZ cvVÅ eBGqi Abykxjbx 3.1 ‰i Dccv`Å 3.3

= 2PD2 + 2QD2
`ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-65
= 2(PD2 + QD2) (cÉgvwYZ)
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ  Z‡Zxq AaÅvq: RÅvwgwZ 25
M
 A M. wòfzRGÞò ABC ‰es e†îGÞò ABC-‰i ˆÞòdj«¼Gqi
AbycvZ wbYÆq Ki| 4
F E 3 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
P
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, O ˆK±`Ê wewkÓ¡ e†Gî ABC mgevü wòfzR

A¯¦wjÆwLZ| cwie†Gîi eÅvmvaÆ 4 ˆm.wg. ‰es AD  BC|
B D C A

gGb Kwi, ABC ‰i gaÅgvòq h^vKÌGg AD, BE I CF E

ciÕ·i P we±`yGZ wgwjZ nGqGQ|
cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, AB2 + BC2 + CA2 = 3 (PA2 + PB2 + PC2) O

cÉgvY: ABC ‰i AD, BE I CF wZbwU gaÅgv| B C

D
 ‰ÅvGcvGjvwbqvGmi Dccv`Å AbymvGi,
AB2 + CA2 = 2(AD2 + BD2) ….......….(i)
 AD = OA + OD
AB2 + BC2 = 2(BE2 + CE2) …........….(ii)
OA
‰es BC2 + CA2 = 2(CF2 + BF2) …......(iii) = OA +
2
‰Lb, mgxKiY (i), (ii) I (iii) ˆhvM KGi cvB, [O we±`yGZ AD, 2 t 1 AbycvGZ A¯¦weÆfÚ nq]
2AB2 + 2BC2 + 2CA2 = 2AD2 + 2BD2 + 2BE2 4

ev, 2(AB + BC + CA ) = 2(AD + BE2 + CF2)

2 2 2 2
+ 2CE2 + 2CF2 + 2BF2 = ( )
4+
2
ˆm.wg.
= (4 + 2) ˆm.wg.
+ 2(BD2 + CE2 + BF2)
= 6 ˆm.wg.
ev, 4(AB2 + BC2 + CA2) = 4(AD2 + BE2 + CF2) + 4 (BD2 + CE2 + BF2)
[ Dfq cÞGK 2 «¼viv àY KGi ]  wbGYÆq AD ‰i Š`NÆÅ 6 ˆm.wg. (Ans.)
ev, 4(AB2 + BC2 + CA2) = 4 (AD2 + BE2 + CF2) + (2BD)2 L eËþàGµ¦i Dccv`Å AbymvGi cvB, AB.AC = BE.AD

+ (2CE)2 + (2BF)2 ev, AB2 = 8  6 eMÆ ˆm.wg. [ABC mgevü wòfzR eGj AB = AC
ev, 4(AB + BC + CA ) = 4 (AD + BE + CF ) + BC2 + CA2 + AB2
2 2 2 2 2 2
‰es BE = 2.OB = 2.4 ˆm.wg. = 8 ˆm.wg.]
[D, E, F h^vKÌGg BC, CA I AB evüi gaÅwe±`y eGj,
ev, AB = 48 eMÆ ˆm.wg.
2
2BD = BC, 2CE = CA, 2BF = AB]
ev, 3 (AB2 + BC2 + CA2) = 4 (AD2 + BE2 + CF2) ev, AB = 48 ˆm.wg.
 3(AB2 + BC2 + CA2) = 4AD2 + 4BE2 + 4CF2 … ... (iv)  AB = 4 3 ˆm.wg.
Avgiv Rvwb, wòfzGRi gaÅgvàGjv mgcvZ we±`yGZ 2 t 1  wòfzRwUi evüi Š`NÆÅ 4 3 ˆm.wg. (Ans.)
AbycvGZ wefÚ KGi| M ‘L’ nGZ,

AP 2
 =
PD 1 mgevü wòfzR ABC ‰i ‰K evüi Š`NÆÅ a = 4 3 ˆm.wg.|
PD 1
ev, AP = 2 [eÅÕ¦KiY KGi] Avgiv Rvwb,
3
ev,
PD + AP 1 + 2
= [ˆhvRb KGi] mgevü wòfzGRi ˆÞòdj = 4 a2 eMÆ ‰KK
AP 2
AD 3 3
ev, AP = 2 =
4
(4 3)2 eMÆ ˆm.wg.
ev, 2AD = 3AP 3
=  48 eMÆ ˆm.wg.
 4AD2 = 9AP2 [ eMÆ KGi ] 4
Abyi…Gc, 4BE2 = 9BP2 ‰es 4CF2 = 9 CP2 eMÆ ˆm.wg.= 12 3
myZivs (iv) bs mgxKiY ˆ^GK cvB, = 20.785 eMÆ ˆm.wg. (cÉvq)
3 (AB2 + BC2 + CA2) = 9 AP2 + 9BP2 + 9CP2
‰es e†Gîi ˆÞòdj = r2 eMÆ ‰KK| (ˆhLvGb r e†Gîi eÅvmvaÆ]
ev, 3 (AB2 + BC2 + CA2) = 9 (PA2 + PB2 + PC2)
 AB2 + BC2 + CA2 = 3 (PA2 + PB2 + PC2) (cÉgvwYZ) = 3.1416  42 eMÆ ˆm.wg. [ r = 4]
= 3.1416  16 eMÆ ˆm.wg.
cÉk²  108 ewikvj ˆevWÆ 2015  cÉk² bs 3
= 50.2656 eMÆ ˆm.wg.
O ˆK±`ÊwewkÓ¡ e†Gî A¯¦wjÆwLZ ABC ‰KwU mgevü wòfzR; hvi
 wòfzR ˆÞò ABC I e†îGÞò ABC-‰i ˆÞòdj«¼Gqi AbycvZ
cwie†Gîi eÅvmvaÆ 4 ˆm. wg. ‰es AD  BC. 20.785 1
= = = 1 t 2.42 (Ans.)
K. AD ‰i Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq Ki| 2 50.2656 242
L. eËþvàGµ¦i Dccv`Å eÅenvi KGi ABC wòfzRwUi evüi
Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq Ki| 4
26 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆUÕ¡ ˆccvim ˆgBW BwR: Dîicò  DœPZi MwYZ

AaÅvq 4: RÅvwgwZK Aâb

ˆevWÆ cixÞvi cÉk² I mgvavb
cÉk²  17 wmGjU ˆevWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 6 5
gGb Kwi, A I B `yBwU wbw`ÆÓ¡ we±`y ‰es eÅvmvaÆ r = 2 ˆm.wg.
‰KwU mgGKvYx wòfzGRi AwZfzR a = 5 ˆm.wg. ‰es Aci evü«¼Gqi
= 2.5 ˆm.wg. ‰KwU wbw`ÆÓ¡ ˆiLvsGki Š`NÆÅ| ‰gb ‰KwU e†î
A¯¦i d = 1 ˆm.wg.| AaÅvq 3 I 4 ‰i mg®¼Gq
K. wòfzRwUi Aci evü«¼Gqi Š`NÆÅ KZ? 2 Aâb KiGZ nGe hv A I B we±`y w`Gq hvq ‰es hvi eÅvmvaÆ r
L. AâGbi wPn× I weeiYmn wòfzRwU Aâb Ki| 4 ‰i mgvb nq|
M. AwZfzGRi mgvb eÅvmwewkÓ¡ ‰KwU e†î Aâb Ki hv `yBwU Aâb:
wbw`ÆÓ¡ we±`y w`Gq hvq| (AâGbi wPn× I weeiY AvekÅK)| 4 avc-1. A I B ˆhvM Kwi|
17 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb avc-2. A I B ˆK ˆK±`Ê KGi r ‰i mgvb eÅvmvaÆ wbGq AB
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,
 ‰i Dfq cvGk `yBwU KGi e†îPvc AuvwK| ‰K cvGki e†îPvc
mgGKvYx wòfzGRi AwZfzR = 5 ˆm.wg.
`yBwU ciÕ·iGK P we±`yZ ‰es Aci cvGki e†îPvc `yBwU
awi, jÁ¼ = x ˆm.wg.;  f„wg = (x  1) ˆm.wg.
wc^vGMvivGmi Dccv`Å AbymvGi, 52 = x2 + (x  1)2 ciÕ·iGK Q we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
ev, 25 = x2 + x2 2x + 1 ev, 2x2 2x  24 = 0 avc-3. P ˆK ˆK±`Ê KGi PA ‰i mgvb eÅvmvaÆ wbGq ABC e†î
ev, x2 x  12 = 0  x =  3, 4 Aâb Kwi|
ˆhGnZz, Š`NÆÅ FYvñK nGZ cvGi bv| avc-4. Avevi Q ˆK ˆK±`Ê KGi QA ‰i mgvb eÅvmvaÆ wbGq
 jÁ¼ = 4 ˆm.wg. ‰es f„wg = 4  1 = 3 ˆm.wg. (Ans.)
ABD e†î Aâb Kwi|
1 ˆm.wg.
L
 d avc-5. ZvnGj ABC I ABD e†î `yBwUi cÉGZÅKwUB wbGYÆq
5 ˆm.wg.
a e†î|
N
A cÉk² 18 KzwgÍÏv ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 3
PQR wòfzGRi PQ = 6 ˆm. wg., QR = 8 ˆm. wg.
‰es PR = 4.5 ˆm. wg.| S, QR ‰i gaÅwe±`yy|
C AaÅvq 3 I 4 ‰i mg®¼Gq
F
E K. DcGivÚ ZG^Åi AvGjvGK wòfzRwU AuvK| 2
B L. RÅvwgwZK c«¬wZGZ cÉgvY Ki ˆh,
ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, ‰KwU mgGKvYx wòfzGRi AwZfzR a = 5 ˆm.wg.I PQ2 + PR2 = 2(PS2 + QS2) 4
Aci `yB evüi A¯¦i d = 1 ˆm.wg.| wòfzRwU AuvKGZ nGe| M. hw` ˆKvGbv wòfzGRi f„wg QR ‰i AGaÆGKi mgvb,
AâGbi weeiY: wkitGKvY DóxcGK DGÍÏwLZ wòfzGRi R ‰i mgvb ‰es
(1) ˆhGKvGbv iwkÄ EF ‰i E we±`yGZ FEN = 45° AuvwK| Aci `yB evüi mgwÓ¡ QR ‰i mgvb nq, ZGe wòfzRwU
(2) ‰evi NE ˆK EB chƯ¦ ‰gbfvGe ewaÆZ Kwi ˆhb EB = d nq|
AuvK| [AâGbi wPn× I weeiY AvekÅK] 4
(3) AZtci B we±`yGK ˆK±`Ê KGi a-‰i mgvb eÅvmvaÆ wbGq
18 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
‰KwU e†îPvc AuvwK hv EF-ˆK C we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
(4) cwiGkGl, C we±`yGZ EC ‰i mvG^ ECA = CEN  K P 6 ˆm.wg.
Q
AuvwK ˆhb CA ˆiLv EN ˆK A we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi| Q 8 ˆm.wg. R
R
ZvnGj, ABC-B DwóÓ¡ wòfzR nGe| P 4.5 ˆm.wg. P
M


P C
Q N
S R
2.5ˆm. wg.
A B r
wPGò, PQR wòfzGRi PQ = 6 ˆm.wg.
D
Q QR = 8 ˆm.wg. ‰es PR = 4.5 ˆm.wg.|
S, QR ‰i gaÅwe±`y|
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ  PZz^Æ AaÅvq: RÅvwgwZK Aâb 27
L PQR ‰i S we±`ywU QR ‰i gaÅwe±`y nIqvq, PS ‰KwU cÉk² 19
 PëMÉvg ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 4
gaÅgv| cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, PQ2 + PR2 = 2(PS2 + QS2) 3 ˆm. wg. eÅvmvaÆwewkÓ¡ e†Gî ABCD A¯¦wjÆwLZ PZzfÆyGRi KYÆ«¼q AC
P
P I BD.
K. e†îwUi cwiwa wbYÆq Ki| 2
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, AC.BD = AB.CD + BC.AD 4
Q R
M. ‰gb ‰KwU wòfzR Aâb KiGZ nGe, hvi f„wg e†Gîi
S E Q S R E
1 bs 2 bs eÅvGmi mgvb, Aci evü«¼Gqi A¯¦i e†Gîi eÅvmvGaÆi mgvb
Aâb: QR evüi Ici (wPò 1bs) ‰es QR evüi ewaÆZvsGki ‰es wkitGKvY 30. [AâGbi wPn× I weeiY AvekÅK] 4
Ici (wPò-2bs) PE jÁ¼ Aâb Kwi| 19 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
cÉgvY: PQS ‰i PSQ Õ©ƒjGKvY ‰es QS ˆiLvi  K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,
ewaÆZvsGki Dci PS ˆiLvi jÁ¼ AwfGÞc SE [Dfq wPGò] e†îwUi eÅvmvaÆ, r = 3 ˆm.wg.
 Õ©ƒjGKvGYi ˆÞGò cx^vGMvivGmi DccvG`Åi weÕ¦‡wZ  e†îwUi cwiwa = 2r ‰KK
AbymvGi, Avgiv cvB, PQ2 = PS2 + QS2 + 2QS.SE ...... (i) = 2  3.1416  3 ˆm.wg.
Avevi, PRS ‰i PSR mƒßGKvY ‰es SR ˆiLvi (wPò- = 18.85 ˆm.wg. (cÉvq) (Ans.)
1bs) ‰es SR ˆiLvi ewaÆZvsGki (wPò-2bs) Dci PS ˆiLvi  L weGkl wbeÆPb: gGb Kwi
A
jÁ¼ AwfGÞc SE. e†Gî A¯¦wjÆwLZ ABCD
 mƒßGKvGYi ˆÞGò wc^vGMvivGmi DccvG`Åi weÕ¦‡wZ AbymvGi PZzfzÆGRi wecixZ evüàGjv x x

cvB, h^vKÌGg AB I CD ‰es

PR2 = PS2 + RS2  2RS.SE BC I AD| AC ‰es BD B D
P
(i) I (ii) bs mgxKiY ˆhvM KGi cvB, PZzfzÆRwUi `yBwU KYÆ|
PQ2 + PR2 = 2PS2 + QS2 + RS2 + 2QS.SE  2RS.SE cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh,
C
= 2PS2 + QS2 + QS2 + 2QS.SE  2QS.SE AC.BD = AB.CD +
[‹QS=RS] BC.AD|
= 2(PS2 + QS2) cÉgvY: BAC ˆK DAC ˆ^GK ˆQvU aGi wbGq A we±`yGZ
 PQ + PR2 = 2(PS2 + QS2) (cÉgvwYZ)
2
AD ˆiLvsGki mvG^ BAC ‰i mgvb KGi DAP AuvwK ˆhb
QR 8 AP ˆiLv BD KYÆGK P we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
M awi, f„wg, a = 2 = 2 = 4 ˆm.wg.
 Aâb AbymvGi BAC = DAP|
Aci `yB evüi mgwÓ¡, S = QR = 8 ˆm.wg. DfqcGÞ CAP ˆhvM KGi cvB,
‰es wkitGKvY, x = R [‘K’ ‰ AwâZ PQR nGZ] BAC + CAP = DAP + CAP A^Ævr, BAP = CAD
a ‰Lb, ABP I ACD ‰i gGaÅ
4 ˆm.wg. BAP = CAD ‰es ABD = ACD
S F
C [‰KB e†îvskwÕ©Z ˆKvY mgvb eGj]
8 ˆm.wg.
‰es AewkÓ¡ APB = AewkÓ¡ ADC|
 ABP I ACD m`†kGKvYx|
C a BP AB
x  =
CD AC
a A^Ævr, AC.BP = AB.CD ... ... ... (1)
D A A B E Avevi, ABC I APD ‰i gGaÅ BAC = PAD [Aâb AbymvGi]
ADP = ACB [‰KB e†îvskwÕ©Z ˆKvY mgvb eGj]
AâGbi weeiY: ‰es AewkÓ¡ ABC = AewkÓ¡ APD
(1) ˆhGKvb iwkÄ DE ˆ^GK DB = 8 ˆm. wg. ˆKGU wbB|  ABC I APD m`†kGKvYx|
1 AD PD
(2) DB ˆiLvi D we±`yGZ BDF = 2 x Aâb Kwi| 
AC BC
=

(3) B ˆK ˆK±`Ê KGi f„wg a ‰i mgvb eÅvmvaÆ wbGq ‰KwU A^Ævr, AC.PD = BC.AD ........ (2)
e†îPvc Aâb Kwi hv DF ˆK C I C we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi| ‰Lb mgxKiY (1) I (2) ˆhvM KGi cvB,
AC.BP + AC.PD = AB.CD + BC.AD
B, C I B, C ˆhvM Kwi|
ev, AC(BP + PD) = AB.CD + BC.AD
(4) C I C we±`yGZ BDF ‰i mgvb KGi h^vKÌGg DCA wK¯§ BP + PD = BD
I DCA Aâb Kwi| CA I CA ˆiLv `yBwU BD ˆK dGj AC.BD = AB.CD + BC.AD (cÉgvwYZ)
h^vKÌGg A I A we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi| ZvnGj ABC I  M cvVÅeBGqi Abykxjbx-4 ‰i mÁ·v`Å-3 bs `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-84|
ABC wòfzR«¼q DwóÓ¡ wòfzR|
28 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆUÕ¡ ˆccvim ˆgBW BwR: Dîicò  DœPZi MwYZ
we:`Ë: f„wgi cwigvc a = 6 ˆm.wg., evü«¼Gqi A¯¦i d = 3 ev, AC2 = AD2 + BD2  2BD. DE [ BD = CD] ..... (ii)
ˆm.wg. ‰es wkitGKvY x = 30 wbGZ nGe| mgxKiY (i) I (ii) ˆhvM KGi cvB,
cÉk² 20 w`bvRcyi ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 3 AB2 + AC2 = AD2 + BD2 + 2BD. DE + AD2 + BD2  2BD.DE
ABC-‰i AD ‰KwU gaÅgv ‰es Aci ‰KwU wòfzR PQR ‰i DœPZv
 AB2 + AC2 = 2AD2 + 2BD2 = 2(AD2 + BD2) (cÉgvwYZ)
M
 gGb Kwi, wòfzGRi DœPZv h, fƒwgi Dci gaÅgv d ‰es f„wg
h, f„wgi Dci gaÅgv d ‰es f„wg msj™² ‰KwU ˆKvY x. msj™² ‰KwU ˆKvY x ˆ`Iqv AvGQ| wòfzRwU Aâb KiGZ nGe|
K. jÁ¼ AwfGÞc wPòmn eÅvLÅv Ki| 2 h
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, AB2 + AC2 = 2(AD2 + BD2). 4 d
M. PQR wòfzRwU Aâb Ki (AâGbi wPn× I weeiY
AvekÅK)| 4 x
3 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb B
K jÁ¼ AwfGÞc: ˆKvGbv wbw`ÆÓ¡ ˆiLvi Dci ˆKvGbv we±`y nGZ

AswKZ jGÁ¼i cv`we±`yGK H we±`yi jÁ¼ AwfGÞc eGj| A
A
M P
N

B D C
wPGò, BC ˆiLvi Dci AD ˆiLvi jÁ¼ AwfGÞc BD.
L A A Q
Z D R
E

AâGbi weeiY:
avc-1: ˆhGKvGbv iwkÄ QE ‰i Q we±`yGZ x ‰i mgvb
EQA Aâb Kwi|
B D E C B D C E avc-2: Q we±`yGZ QE ˆiLvi Dci BQ jÁ¼ Aâb Kwi|
wPò(1) wPò(2) avc-3: BQ ˆ^GK wòfzGRi DœPZv h ‰i mgvb QM Ask
gGb Kwi, ABC-‰i gaÅgv AD. ˆKGU wbB|
avc-4: M we±`yGZ QE ‰i mgv¯¦ivj KGi MN ˆiLv Aâb
cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, AB2 + AC2 = 2 (BD2 + AD2)
Kwi hv QA ˆK P we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
Aâb: A ˆ^GK BC A^ev BC-‰i ewaÆZvsGki Dci AE jÁ¼ avc-5: P we±`yGK ˆK±`Ê KGi gaÅgv d ‰i mgvb eÅvmvaÆ wbGq
AuvwK| ‰KwU e†îPvc Aâb Kwi| H e†îPvc QE ˆK D we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
cÉgvY : gGb Kwi, wPò (1)-‰ ADB Õ©„jGKvY, avc-6: QE ˆ^GK QD = DR Ask ˆKGU wbB|
AZ‰e, AB2 = AD2 + BD2 + 2BD.DE..... (i) avc-7: P, R ˆhvM Kwi| ZvnGj, PQR -B DwóÓ¡ wòfzR|
wPò (2)-‰ ADC mƒÞÄGKvY nGj,
AC2 = AD2 + CD2  2CD. DE
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ  mµ¦g AaÅvq: Amxg aviv 29

AaÅvq 7: Amxg aviv

ˆevWÆ cixÞvi cÉk² I mgvavb
cÉk²  50 w`bvRcyi ˆevWÆ-2021  cÉk² bs 2 x>0 ev, 5x <  2  x <  2
5
i. 6 + 66 + 666 + ..... ‰es 2
ii. (5x + 1)1 + (5x + 1)2 + (5x + 1)3 + ....... `yBwU aviv|
x>0 A^ev x< nGj cÉ`î avivwUi AmxgZK mgwÓ¡
5
7 7 7
K. 7, 3, 9, 27, ..... AbyKÌgwUi 15 Zg c` wbYÆq Ki| 2 ^vKGe| (Ans.)
1 1
L. (i) bs avivwUi cÉ^g n-msLÅK cG`i ˆhvMdj wbYÆq Ki| 4 5x + 1 5x + 1
M. x ‰i Dci Kx kZÆ AvGivc KiGj (ii) bs avivwUi AmxgZK AmxgZK mgwÓ¡, S = a = =
1r 1 5x + 1  1
1
mgwÓ¡ ^vKGe ‰es ˆmB mgwÓ¡ wbYÆq Ki| A 4 5x + 1 5x + 1
50 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb =
1

5x + 1 1
= (Ans.)
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,
 5x + 1 5x 5x
7 7 7
AbyKÌg: 7, 3 , 9 , 27 , ...... cÉk²  51 KzwgÍÏv ˆevWÆ-2021  cÉk² bs 1
7 7 7 7
=, , ,
7 7 7 7
, ....... = , 1 , 2 , 3 , ........ A = 8 + 88 + 888 + ... ... ... ‰es
1 3 9 27 3 3 3 3 S = (3y + 5)1 + (3y + 5)2 + (3y + 5)3 + ... ... ...
7
 AbyKÌgwUi n Zg c` = n  1; n  ô K. y = 1 nGj S ‰i mvaviY c` wbYÆq Ki| B 2
3
7 7 L. ˆ`LvI ˆh, A avivwUi cÉ^g n msLÅK cG`i ˆhvMdj
 AbyKÌgwUi 15 Zg c` = 15  1 = 14 (Ans.)
3 3 80 8n
(10n  1)  A 4
L cÉ`î aviv = 6 + 66 + 666 + ... ... ... + n Zg c`
 81 9
= 6 (1 + 11 + 111 + ... ... ... + n Zg c`) M. y ‰i Dci Kx kZÆ AvGivc KiGj S ‰i AmxgZK mgwÓ¡
=
6
(9 + 99 + 999 + ... ... ... + n Zg c`) ^vKGe Zv wbYÆq KGi avivwUi mgwÓ¡ wbYÆq Ki| A 4
9
51 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
6
= {(10  1) + (100  1) + (1000  1) + ... ... + n Zg c`} K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, cÉ`î avivwU:

9
6 S = (3y + 5)1 + (3y + 5)2 + (3y + 5)3 + ..................
= {(10 + 102 + 103 + ... + 10n)  (1 + 1 + 1 + ... n Zg c`)}
9 ‰Lb, y =  1 nGj, cÉ`î avivwU nGe,
6 10n  1 
= 10.  n S = ( 3 + 5)1 + ( 3 + 5)2 + ( 3 + 5)3 + ...............
9 10  1 
= 21 + 22 + 23 + ..................
60 n 6n
= (10  1)  1 1 1
81 9 = + 2 + 3 + ................
20 2 2 2 2
n
= (10  1)  n 1
27 3  S ‰i mvaviY c` = n ˆhLvGb, n  ô (Ans.)
20 2 2
  avivwUi n-msLÅK cG`i mgwÓ¡ = (10n  1)  n
27 3 L cÉ`î avivwU,

2  10 n 
=  (10 – 1) – n  (Ans.) A = 8 + 88 + 888 + ................ + n Zg c`
3 9 
1 1 1 = 8 (1 + 11 + 111 + ................. + n Zg c`)
M
 cÉ`î aviv = + + + .......
5x + 1 (5x + 1)2 (5x + 1)3 8
= (9 + 99 + 999 + .................... + n Zg c`)
9
avivwUi cÉ^g c`, a = 1
5x + 1 8
1 = {(10  1) + (100  1) + (1000  1) +........+ n Zg c`}
9
(5x + 1)2 1 8
avivwUi mvaviY AbycvZ, r = 1
= = {(10 + 102 + 103 +.....+ 10n) 
5x + 1 9
5x + 1
(1 + 1 + 1 +....+ n Zg c`)}
 avivwUi AmxgZK mgwÓ¡ ^vKGe hw` I ˆKej hw`, | r | < 1 nq| 8 n
10  1 
= 10   n
1 9 
| |
A^Ævr, 5x + 1 < 1 nq|
80 n
10  1
8n


81 (
 |5x + 1| > 1 = 10  1) 
9
ZvnGj, A^ev, 80 8n
 A avivwUi cÉ^g n msLÅK cG`i ˆhvMdj = 10n  1) 
5x + 1 > 1  (5x + 1) > 1 81 ( 9
ev, 5x > 0 ev, 5x + 1 <  1 (Ans.)
30 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆUÕ¡ ˆccvim ˆgBW BwR: Dîicò  DœPZi MwYZ
1 1 1
M cÉ`î avivwUi cÉ^g c`, a = 3y + 5
 |
A^Ævr, 7x + 1 < 1 | ev,  1 < 7x + 1 < 1 nq|
1 1 1
(3y + 5)2 1 ‰Lb, 7x + 1 < 1 A^ev, 7x + 1 >  1
‰es mvaviY AbycvZ, r=
1
=
3y + 5 ev, 7x + 1 > 1 ev, 7x + 1 <  1
3y + 5
ev, 7x > 1  1 ev, 7x <  1  1
avivwUi AmxgZK mgwÓ¡ ^vKGe hw` | r |  1 nq| ev, 7x > 0 ev, 7x <  2
1 1 x>0 2
A^Ævr, 3y + 5  1 ev, 1  3y + 5  1 nq| x<
7
2
 1 
1
ev, 1  3y + 5 ev, 1  5  3y + 5  5  wbGYÆq kZÆ: x > 0 A^ev, x <  7 (Ans.)
3y + 5
a 1
6 3y
ev, 6  3y ev, 3  3  y < 2 AmxgZK mgwÓ¡, S = 1  r = 1
1
1 7x + 1
A^ev, 3y + 5 < 1 1 1 7x + 1
= = = (Ans.)
7x + 1  1 7x 7x
ev, y + 5 > 1 ev, y + 5  5 > 1  5 ev, y >  4 7x + 1 7x + 1
3y 4 4
ev, 3 >  3  y >  3 M cÉ`î aviv: g + h + f + ... ...

4
 wbGYÆq kZÆ: y  2 A^ev y >  . (Ans.) ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, g = 12, h = 132, f = 1332
3
 avivwU, 12 + 132 + 1332 + ... ...
1 1
3y + 5 3y + 5  avivwUi n cG`i mgwÓ¡ = 12 + 132 + 1332 + ... ... + n Zg c`
a
 avivwUi AmxgZK mgwÓ¡ S = = = = 12 (1 + 11 + 111 + ... ... + n Zg c`)
1r 1 3y + 5  1
1 12
3y + 5 3y + 5 = (9 + 99 + 999 + ... ... + n Zg c`)
1 3y + 5 1 9
=  = (Ans.) 12
3y + 5 3y + 4 3y + 4 = {(10  1) + (100  1) + (1000  1) + ... ... + n Zg c`}
9
cÉk²  52 PëMÉvg ˆevWÆ-2021  cÉk² bs 1 4
(10 + 100 + 1000 + ... + n Zg c`)  (1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + ... + n Zg c`)}
3{
=
1 1 1
1+ + +
7x + 1 (7x + 1)2 (7x + 1)3
+ ... ... ‰KwU Ab¯¦ àGYvîi =
4
{(10 + 102 + 103 + ... ... + n Zg c`)  n}
3
aviv ‰es g + h + f + ... ... Aci ‰KwU aviv| 4 10(10n  1) 
K. ‰KwU Ab¯¦ àGYvîi avivi AmxgZK mgwÓ¡ 15 ‰es =   n
3  10  1 
1 4 10(10n  1) 4n
mvaviY AbycvZ  3 nGj, avivwUi cÉ^g c` wbYÆq Ki| 2 = . 
3 9 3
L. x ‰i Dci Kx kZÆ AvGivc KiGj avivwUi AmxgZK =
40 n 4
(10  1)  n (Ans.)
mgwÓ¡ ^vKGe Zv DGÍÏLcƒeÆK ˆmB mgwÓ¡ wbYÆq Ki| 4 27 3
M. g = 12, h = 132 ‰es f = 1332 nGj, ˆh aviv cvIqv hvq cÉk² 53 hGkvi ˆevWÆ-2021  cÉk² bs 1
Zvi cÉ^g n msLÅK cG`i mgwÓ¡ wbYÆq Ki| 4 (9x  2)1 + (9x  2)2 + (9x  2)3 + ... ... ‰KwU Ab¯¦ àGYvîi aviv|
52 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb ××
K. 5.03 2 ˆK Ab¯¦ àGYvîi avivi gvaÅGg gƒj`xq f™²vsGk
K gGb Kwi, Ab¯¦ àGYvîi avivwUi cÉ^g c` = a

cÉKvk Ki| 2
1
ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, mvaviY AbycvZ, r =  3 L. x = 1 nGj, cÉ`î avivwUi 1g `kwU cG`i mgwÓ¡ wbYÆq Ki| 4
AmxgZK mgwÓ¡, S = 15 M. x ‰i Dci Kx kZÆ AvGivc KiGj cÉ`î avivwUi AmxgZK
a a mgwÓ¡ ^vKGe ‰es ˆmB mgwÓ¡ wbYÆq Ki| 4
 = 15 ev, = 15
1r 1
1    53 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
 3 ×× ××
a a 4
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, 5.0 3 2 = 5 + 0.0 3 2 = 5 + 0.0323232 ... ...

ev, 1
= 15 ev, 4
= 15  a = 15  = 20
3 = 5 + (0.032 + 0.00032 + 0.0000032 + ... ...)
1+
3 3 Ab¯¦ àGYvîi avivwUi cÉ^g c`, a = 0.032
0.00032
 avivwUi cÉ^g c` 20 (Ans.) ‰es mvaviY AbycvZ, r = 0.032 = 0.01
1 1 1 a
L cÉ`î aviv: 1 + 7x + 1 + (7x + 1)2 + (7x + 1)3 + ... ...
  Ab¯¦ àGYvîi avivwUi AmxgZK mgwÓ¡, S = 1 – r
avivwUi cÉ^g c`, a = 1 0.032 0.032 32 16
= = = =
1 1 1 – 0.01 0.99 990 495
mvaviY AbycvZ, r=
7x + 1
1=
7x + 1 ×× ×× 16 2475 + 16 2491
A^Ævr, 5.0 3 2 = 5 + 0.03 2 = 5 +
495
=
495
=
495
avivwUi AmxgZK mgwÓ¡ ^vKGe hw` I ˆKej hw` | r | < 1 nq|
(Ans.)
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ  mµ¦g AaÅvq: Amxg aviv 31
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, DóxcGKi avivwU:
 L x = 2 nGj avivwUi mvaviY AbycvZ, r = 4.2  1 = 7

1 1
–1 –2 –3
(9x – 2) + (9x – 2) + (9x – 2) + ... ...
x = 1 nGj avivwU nGe, ‰es 1g c`, a = 1
(9 – 2)–1 + (9 – 2)–2 + (9 – 2)–3 + ... ... ... a(1  rn)
 avivwUi 1g 20wU cG`i mgwÓ¡ = 1  r [‹ r < 1]
= 7–1 + 7–2 + 7–3 + ... ... ...
1 20
1 1 1
= + 2 + 3 + ... ... ... 1 1    
7 7 7  7  
=
1 1
àGYvîi avivwUi cÉ^g c`, a = 7 1
7
1 1 1 1
‰es mvaviY AbycvZ, r = 72  7 = 7 < 1 1
720
=
1 – r10 6
 àGYvîi avivwUi 1g `kwU cG`i mgwÓ¡, S10 = a. 1 – r 7
7
1 10
1–  1
1 – 10
710 – 1 =
6
1  7120 (Ans.)
1 7  1 7 1 710 710 – 1 
=  =  =  = (Ans.)
7 1 7 1 7 6 6  710 M avivwUi cÉ^g c`, a = 1

1– 1–
7 7 7 1
mvaviY AbycvZ, r = 4x – 1
1
M DóxcGK DGÍÏwLZ avivwUi cÉ^g c`, a = (9x – 2)–1 = 9x – 2
 avivwUi AmxgZK mgwÓ¡ ^vKGe hw` I ˆKej hw`,
‰es mvaviY AbycvZ, r = (9x – 2)  (9x – 2) –2 –1 |r| < 1 nq|
1
= (9x – 2)–1 =
1
9x – 2 | |
A^Ævr, 4x – 1 < 1 ev, |4x – 1| > 1 nq|
avivwUi AmxgZK mgwÓ¡ ^vKGe hw` I ˆKej hw` avivwUi  4x – 1 > 1 A^ev, –(4x – 1) > 1
mvaviY AbycvZ | r | < 1 nq| ev, 4x > 2 ev, 4x – 1 < – 1
1
1 1  x> ev, 4x < 0
| |
A^Ævr, 9x – 2 < 1 ev, – 1 < 9x – 2 < 1 nq| 2
 x<0
1 1

9x – 2
<1 A^ev, 9x – 2 > – 1 1
 wbGYÆq kZÆ: x > A^ev x < 0 (Ans.)
2
ev, 9x – 2 > 1 ev, 9x – 2 < – 1 a
 AmxgZK mgwÓ¡, S =
ev, 9x > 3 ev, 9x < 1 1–r
1 1 1
x> x< =
3 9 1
1–
4x–1
1 1
 AmxgZK mgwÓ¡i RbÅ kZÆ: x < 9 A^ev x > 3 (Ans.) 1
=
1 4x – 1 – 1
9x – 2 4x – 1
a
 àGYvîi avivwUi AmxgZK mgwÓ¡, S =
1–r
=
1 4x – 1
1– = (Ans.)
9x – 2 4x – 2
1 9x – 2 1 cÉk²  55 PëMÉvg ˆevWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 2
=  = (Ans.)
9x – 2 9x – 3 9x – 3 1 1 1
1+ + + +...... ‰KwU aviv|
1 + y (1 + y)2 (1 + y)3
cÉk²  54 KzwgÍÏv ˆevWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 2 K. hw` y = 3 nq, avivwU wbYÆq Ki ‰es ‰i mvaviY
AbycvZ
KZ? 2
1 + (4x  1)1 + (4x  1)2 + (4x  1)3 + .............. ‰KwU Ab¯¦
L. y = 2 nGj avivwUi 1g `kwU cG`i mgwÓ¡ wbYÆq Ki| 4
àGYvîi aviv| M. y ‰i Dci Kx kZÆ AvGivc KiGj avivwUi AmxgZK
K. x = 1 ‰i RbÅ cÉvµ¦ avivwUi mvaviY AbycvZ wbYÆq Ki| 2 mgwÓ¡ ^vKGe ‰es ˆmB mgwÓ¡ wbYÆq Ki| 4
L. x = 2 ‰i RbÅ cÉvµ¦ avivwUi cÉ^g 20wU cG`i mgwÓ¡ 55 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
wbYÆq Ki| 4 K cÉ`î avivwU,
M. x ‰i Dci Kx kZÆ AvGivc KiGj avivwUi AmxgZK 1+
1
+
1 1
2+ +......
mgwÓ¡ ^vKGe ‰es ˆmB mgwÓ¡ wbYÆq Ki| 4 1 + y (1 + y) (1 + y)3
54 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb y = 3 nGj,
1 1 1
K avivwUi mvaviY AbycvZ, avivwU, 1 + 1 + 3 + (1 + 3)2 + (1 + 3)3 +......
1
(4x  1) 1 1 1 1
r= = (4x  1)1 = = 1 + + 2 + 3 + .......... (Ans.)
1 4x  1 4 4 4
1 1 1 1
x = 1 nGj r = = (Ans.) ‰es mvaviY AbycvZ, r = 4  1 = 4 (Ans.)
4.1  1 3
32 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆUÕ¡ ˆccvim ˆgBW BwR: Dîicò  DœPZi MwYZ
1 1 1 1 1 1
L cÉ`î aviv: 1 + 1 + y + (1 + y)2 + (1 + y)3 + ........
 = + + + ... ... ... (Ans.)
3 32 33
y=2 nGj, 1 1 1
mvaviY AbycvZ = 32  3 = 3 (Ans.)
1 1 1
avivwU, 1 + 1 + 2 + (1 + 2)2 + (1 + 2)3 + ....... L x = 5 nGj avivwU,

1 1 1 1 1 1
= 1 + + 2 + 3 + .... + + + ... ...
3 3 3 2  5  5 (2  5  5)2 (2  5  5)3
avivwUi 1g c`, a = 1 1 1 1
= + 2 + 3 + ... ... ...
1 5 5 5
3 1 1
mvaviY AbycvZ, r = 1 = 3 hvi cÉ^g c`, a = 5
ˆhGnZz, avivwUi mvaviY AbycvZ, | r | < 1 1 1 1
mvaviY AbycvZ, r = 52  5 = 5
a(1 – rn)
 avivwUi 1g 10wU cG`i mgwÓ¡ = 1 – r
Avgiv Rvwb, àGYvîi avivi n Zg c` = arn  1
1 10 1 1 1 1 1
11 –   
1 59049 – 1 91

 3  1–  beg c` = 5 . 5 = . =
5 58 59
(Ans.)
=

=
59049
=
59049 
1 2 2 a(1  rn)
1–
3 3 3 Avevi, n msLÅK cG`i mgwÓ¡, Sn = 1  r , hLb r < 1
3 59048 29524 1
= 
2
=
59049 19683
(Ans.)
5
1  5110
1 510  1
.
5 510
M
 avivwUi 1g c`, a = 1  cÉ^g 10wU cG`i mgwÓ¡, S10 = =
1 4
1 1
5 5
1+y 1
mvaviY AbycvZ, r = 1 = 1 + y 1 5 5  1 510  1
10
=   =
5 4 510 4  510
avivwUi AmxgZK mgwÓ¡ ^vKGe hw` I ˆKej hw` |r| < 1 nq| (Ans.)
1
| |
A^Ævr, 1 + y < 1 M

1
cÉ`î avivwUi 1g c`, a = 2x  5
ev, |1 + y| > nq| 1 1 1
mvaviY AbycvZ, r = (2x  5)2  (2x  5) = 2x  5
 1+y>1 A^ev,  (1 + y) > 1
 y>0 ev, 1 + y <  1 avivwUi AmxgZK mgwÓ¡ ^vKGe hw`I ˆKej hw` | r | < 1 nq|
 y<2 1
A^Ævr,  
2x  5 < 1
 wbGYÆq kZÆ: y > 0 A^ev y <  2
a 1
 AmxgZK mgwÓ¡, S = ev, –1 < 2x – 5 < 1 nq|
1–r
1 1
=  <1
1 2x  5
1–
1+y ev, 2x  5 > 1
1 ev, 2x  5 + 5 > 1 + 5
=
1+y–1
1+y ev, 2x > 6  x > 3
1
1+y Avevi, 2x  5 >  1
= (Ans.)
y
ev, 2x  5 <  1
cÉk²  56 w`bvRcyi ˆevWÆ 2017  cÉk² bs 1
ev, 2x  5 + 5 <  1 + 5
1 1 1
+ +
2x − 5 (2x − 5)2 (2x − 5)3
+ ........ ‰KwU aviv| ev, 2x < 4
x<2
K. hw` x = 4 nq, avivwU wbYÆq Ki ‰es ‰i mvaviY AbycvZ
 wbGYÆqkZÆ: x > 3 A^ev x < 2 (Ans.)
KZ? 2
‰Lb, avivwUi AmxgZK mgwÓ¡,
L. x = 5 nGj avivwUi beg c` ‰es cÉ^g `kwU cG`i 1
mgwÓ¡ wbYÆq Ki| 4 a 2x  5
M. x ‰i Dci Kx kZÆ AvGivc KiGj avivwUi AmxgZK S∞ =
1r
=
1
1
mgwÓ¡ ^vKGe ‰es ˆmB mgwÓ¡ wbYÆq Ki| 4 2x  5
56 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb 1
1 1 1 2x – 5 1 2x  5
K cÉ`î avivwU, 2x  5 + (2x  5)2 + (2x  5)3 + ... ... ...
 = 
2x – 5 – 1 2x  5 2x  6
x=4 nGj avivwU, 2x – 5
1 1 1 1
+ + + ... ... = (Ans.)
2  4  5 (2  4  5)2 (2  4  5)3 2x  6
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ  mµ¦g AaÅvq: Amxg aviv 33
cÉk²  57 KzwgÍÏv ˆevWÆ 2017  cÉk² bs 3 ev, −1 − 1 > 1 + 3x − 1
1 1 1 ev, − 2 > 3x
1+ + +
1 + 3x (1 + 3x)2 (1 + 3x)3
+ ............. ‰KwU Amxg aviv| 2
x<−
K. x = 1 ‰i RbÅ cÉvµ¦ avivwUi mvaviY AbycvZ wbYÆq Ki| 2 3
1
1
L. x = 3 nGj, avivwUi 1g 10wU cG`i mgwÓ¡ wbYÆq Ki| 4 A^ev, 1 + 3x < 1

M. x ‰i Dci Kx Kx kZÆ AvGivc KiGj avivwUi AmxgZK ev, 1 + 3x > 1

ev, 1 + 3x − 1 > 1 − 1
mgwÓ¡ ^vKGe? 4
ev, 3x > 0
57 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
x>0
1 1 1
K cÉ`î avivwU, 1 + 1 + 3x + (1 + 3x)2 + (1 + 3x)3 + ......
  wbGYÆq
2
kZÆ: x > 0 A^ev x < − 3 (Ans.)
1 1 1
x=1 nGj avivwU, 1 + 1 + 3.1 + (1 + 3.1)2 + (1 + 3.1)3 + ... cÉk²  58 wmGjU ˆevWÆ 2017  cÉk² bs 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
= 1 + + 2 + 3 + ....... + + + ................
4 4 4 3x  1 (3x  1)2 (3x  1)3
1 K. x = 2 nGj cÉvµ¦ avivwUi mvaviY AbycvZ wbYÆq Ki| 2
w«¼Zxq c` 4 1 L. x = 1 nGj avivwUi 7g c` ‰es 1g `kwU cG`i mgwÓ¡
 mvaviY AbycvZ = cÉ^g c` = 1 = 4 (Ans.)
wbYÆq Ki| 4
1
L x = 3 nGj avivwU,
 M. x ‰i Dci Kx kZÆ AvGivc KiGj avivwUi AmxgZK
1 1 1 mgwÓ¡ ^vKGe ‰es ˆmB mgwÓ¡ wbYÆq Ki| 4
1+ + + + ........ 58 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
1
1 + 3.
3
1 + 3. 312 1 + 3. 133
    1 1 1
K cÉ`î avivwU, 3x  1 + (3x  1)2 + (3x  1)3 +................

1 1 1
= 1 + + 2 + 3 + ....... 1 1 1
2 2 2 x=2 nGj avivwU, 3.2  1 + (3.2  1)2 + (3.2  1)3 + ........
hvi cÉ^g c`, a = 1
1 1 1
1 = + 2 + 3 + ...................
5 5 5
2 1
mvaviY AbycvZ, r= = <1 1 1 1
1 2  avivwUi mvaviY AbycvZ = 2  = (Ans.)
5 5 5
a(1 − rn)
Avgiv Rvwb, àGYvîi avivi 1g n cG`i mgwÓ¡, Sn = 1 − r 1 1 1
L
 x = 1 nGj avivwU, + +
3.1  1 (3.1  1)2 (3.1  1)3
+ ........
a(1 − r10)
 avivwUi cÉ^g 10 cG`i mgwÓ¡, S10 = 1 1 1
1−r = + 2 + 3 + ...................
2 2 2
1 10
11 −    1
 2
  hvi cÉ^g c`, a = 2
=
1 1 1 1
1− mvaviY AbycvZ, r = 22  2 = 2 < 1
2
210 − 1
Avgiv Rvwb, àGYvîi avivi n Zg c` = arn1
210
= 1 1 71
1  7g c` = 2 2
2 
1024 − 1 1 1 1
= 2 = . 6 = 7 (Ans.)
1024 2 2 2
a(1  rn)
=
1023
(Ans.) Avevi, àGYvîi avivi cÉ^g n cG`i mgwÓ¡, Sn = 1  r
512
1
1
2
1  2110
1 + 3x 1 
M
 cÉ`î avivwUi mvaviY AbycvZ, r = 1 = 1 + 3x  cÉ^g 10 cG`i mgwÓ¡, S10 = 1
1
2
avivwUi AmxgZK mgwÓ¡ ^vKGe hw` I ˆKej hw` |r| < 1
1 210  1
1
| |
ev, 1 + 3x < 1 nq|
=
2  210 
1
1
A^Ævr , −1 < 1 + 3x < 1 nq| 2
1024  1
1 =
 −1 < 1024
1 + 3x
1023
ev, −1 > 1 + 3x =
1024
(Ans.)
34 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆUÕ¡ ˆccvim ˆgBW BwR: Dîicò  DœPZi MwYZ
1 1 1
M cÉ`î avivwU, 3x  1 + (3x  1)2 + (3x  1)3 + .........
 Avgiv Rvwb, àGYvîi avivi n Zg c` = arn – 1
10 – 1
1 1
1  avivwUi 10 Zg c` =  3 . – 3
avivwUi 1g c`, a = 3x  1  
1 1
1 1
mvaviY AbycvZ, r = (3x  1)2  3x  1 =  – .  – 9 
 3  3 
1 3x  1 1
= (Ans.)
=
(3x  1)2

1 310
1 Avevi, àGYvîi avivi 1g n cG`i mgwÓ¡,
=
3x  1 a(1 – rn)
Sn = ; [| r | < 1]
avivwUi AmxgZK mgwÓ¡ ^vKGe hw` I ˆKej hw` |r| < 1 nq| 1–r
–1  1 8
A^Ævr, 
1
  1 – –  
3x  1 < 1 Ô cÉ^g 8wU cG`i mgwÓ¡, S8 =
3   3 
1 1
ev,  1 < 3x  1 < 1 nq| 1 – – 
 3
1 1 –1

3x  1
<1 A^ev, 3x  1 > 1
3 
1 – 318

ev, 3x  1 > 1 ev, 3x  1 < 1 =
1
1+
ev, 3x  1 + 1 > 1 + 1 ev, 3x < 1 + 1 3
ev, 3x > 2 ev, 3x < 0 –1 3 38 – 1
=   8
2 3 4 3
 x<0
x> 1 – 38
3
= (Ans.)
2 4  38
x>
3
A^ev x < 0 nGj avivwUi AmxgZK mgwÓ¡ ^vKGe| 1
M cÉ`î avivi 1g c`, a = 2x + 1

(Ans.)
‰Lb, avivwUi AmxgZK mgwÓ¡, 1
mvaviY AbycvZ, r = (2x + 1)2  (2x + 1) = 2x + 1
1 1
1 1

S =
a
=
3x  1
=
3x  1
=
1
(Ans.)
‰Lb, avivwUi AmxgZK mgwÓ¡ ^vKGe hw`I ˆKej hw` |r| < 1
1r 1 3x  1  1 3x  2
1
3x  1 3x  1 ev, |2x1+ 1|< 1 nq|
cÉk²  59 hGkvi ˆevWÆ 2017  cÉk² bs 3 1
A^Ævr –1< 2x + 1 < 1 nq|
1 1 1
+ + + ................
2x + 1 (2x + 1)2 (2x+ 1)3 1 1
Ô –1 < A^ev, 2x + 1 < 1
K. x = 3 nGj, avivwUi mvaviY AbycvZ wbYÆq Ki| 2 2x + 1
L. x = – 2 nGj, avivwUi `kg c` ‰es cÉ^g AvUwU cG`i ev, –1 > 2x + 1 ev, 2x + 1 > 1
mgwÓ¡ wbYÆq Ki| 4 ev, –1 – 1 > 2x + 1 – 1 ev, 2x + 1 – 1 > 1 – 1
M. x-‰i Dci Kx kZÆ AvGivc KiGj DóxcGKi avivwUi ev, –2 > 2x ev, 2x > 0
AmxgZK mgwÓ¡ ^vKGe ‰es ˆmB mgwÓ¡ wbYÆq Ki| 4 Ô x < –1 Ô x>0
59 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb Ô wbGYÆq kZÆ: x < –1 A^ev x > 0 (Ans.)
1 1 1 a
K
 cÉ`î aviv 2x + 1 + (2x + 1)2 + (2x + 1)3 + ................. Avevi, avivwUi AmxgZK mgwÓ¡, S = 1 – r
1 1 1 1 1
x = 3 nGj avivwU, + + + .......
2.3 + 1 (2.3 + 1)2 (2.3 + 1)3 2x + 1 2x + 1
1 1 1 = =
1 2x + 1 – 1
= + 2 + 3 + ...... 1–
7 7 7 2x + 1 2x + 1
1 1 1 1 2x + 1 1
 mvaviY AbycvZ = 2  = (Ans.) =  = (Ans.)
7 7 7 2x + 1 2x 2x
L x = –2 nGj avivwU,
 cÉk²  60 w`bvRcyi ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 2
1 1 1
+ + + ........ 1 1 1
2.(–2) + 1 {2.(–2) + 1}2 {2.(–2) + 1}3 1+ + + + ...............
1 1 1 1 + y (1 + y)2 (1 + y)3
= – + 2 – 3 + ........
3 3 3 K. D`vniYmn mgv¯¦i avivi msæv `vI| 2
1 L. y = 2 nGj, avivwUi 1g 10 cG`i mgwÓ¡ wbYÆq Ki| 4
avivwUi 1g c`, a =  3
1 1 1 M. y ‰i Dci Kx kZÆ AvGivc KiGj avivwUi AmxgZK
mvaviY AbycvZ, r = 32  3 =  3 mgwÓ¡ ^vKGe ‰es mgwÓ¡ wbYÆq Ki| 4
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ  mµ¦g AaÅvq: Amxg aviv 35
60 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb cÉk²  61 wmGjU ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 2
K mgv¯¦i aviv : ˆKvGbv avivi ˆh ˆKvGbv c` I Zvi cƒeÆeZÆx
 1 ..
cG`i cv^ÆKÅ me mgq mgvb nGj, ˆmB avivwUGK mgv¯¦i aviv a = 4x + 1 = r, 5.023
eGj| K. ‰KwU AbyKÌg I ‰KwU Amxg avivi D`vniY `vI| 2
D`vniY: 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + ........‰KwU mgv¯¦i aviv| L. Ave†î `kwgK f™²vskwUGK Ab¯¦ àGYvîi avivi gvaÅGg
‰LvGb, 2q c`1g c` = 3 – 1 = 2, gƒj`xq f™²vsGk cÉKvk Ki| 4
3q c`  2q c` = 5 – 3 = 2 M. Amxg àGYvîi avivwU MVb Ki| x ‰i Dci cÉGhvRÅ
4^Æ c`  3q c` = 7 – 5 = 2, kZÆmn avivwUi AmxgZK mgwÓ¡ wbYÆq Ki| 4
5g c`  4^Æ c` = 9 – 7 = 2 61 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
 avivwU mgv¯¦i|
1
1 1 1 K AbyKÌg : ‰KwU AbyKÌGgi mvaviY c` = n(n + 1) nGj,

L cÉ`î aviv: 1 + 1 + y + (1 + y)2 + (1 + y)3 + ........

1 1 1 1
1 1 1 AbyKÌgwU 2 , 6 , 12 , 20 , ............,
y = 2 nGj, avivwU, 1 + + 2+ 3 + .......
1 + 2 (1 + 2) (1 + 2) 1 1 1
1 1 1 Amxg aviv : 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 .............
= 1 + + 2 + 3 + ....
3 3 3
..
avivwUi 1g c`, a = 1 L Ave†î `kwgK f™²vskwU 5.023

1 ..
3 1 5.023 = 5.023232323................
mvaviY AbycvZ, r = 1 = 3 < 1 = 5 + (0.023 + 0.00023 + 0.0000023 + .........)
ˆhGnZz, avivwUi mvaviY AbycvZ, r < 1 ‰LvGb, 0.023 + 0.00023 + 0.0000023 + ........... ‰KwU Ab¯¦
1 10
11 –   
àGYvîi aviv hvi 1g c`, a = 0.023
a(1 – rn) 3
    0.00023
 avivwUi 1g 10wU cG`i mgwÓ¡ = 1 – r = ‰es mvaviY AbycvZ, r = 0.023 = 0.01 < 1
1
1– a 0.023
3
 avivwUi AmxgZK mgwÓ¡, S = =
1 59049 – 1 1  r 1  0.01
1– 0.023 23
59049 59049
= = = =
2 2 0.99 990
3 3 .. 23 4973
3 59048 29524  5.023 = 5 + = (Ans.)
990 990
=  = (Ans.)
2 59049 19683
1
M avivwUi 1g c`, a = 1
 M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, a = 4x + 1 = r

1  Amxg àGYvîi avivwU, a + ar + ar2 + ar3 + ................
y+1 1
mvaviY AbycvZ, r=
1
=
1+y 
1
+
1
+
1
+
1
+ ..........
4x + 1 (4x + 1)2 (4x + 1)3 (4x + 1)4
avivwUi AmxgZK mgwÓ¡ ^vKGe hw` |r| < 1 nq| avivwUi AmxgZK mgwÓ¡ ^vGK, hw` I ˆKej hw`, |r| < 1 nq|
ev,  1 < r < 1 1 1
1
ev, 1 < 1 + y < 1 | |
A^Ævr 4x + 1 < 1 ev, 1 < 4x + 1 < 1
1 1
1
‰LvGb, 1 < 1 + y ‰Lb, 4x + 1 > –1 A^ev, 4x + 1 < 1
ev,  1 > 1 + y [eÅÕ¦KiY KGi] ev, 4x + 1 <  1 ev, 4x + 1 > 1
ev, 1  1 > 1 + y  1 [DfqcGÞ (1) ˆhvM KGi] ev, 4x < 2 ev, 4x > 1  1
ev,  2 > y ev, x <  4
2
ev, 4x > 0
y<2
1 1
Avevi, 1 + y < 1  x<
2
 x>0
ev, 1 + y > 1 [eÅÕ¦KiY KGi]  wbGYÆq kZÆ : x > 0 A^ev x < 
1
ev, 1 + y  1 > 1 1 2
y>0 1
 wbGYÆq kZÆ: y > 0 A^ev, y <  2 a 4x + 1
 avivwUi AmxgZK mgwÓ¡ = =
a 1r 1
 AmxgZK mgwÓ¡, S = 1
4x + 1
1–r
1 1 1
=
1
[‘K’ nGZ cvB] 4x + 1 4x + 1 1 4x + 1 1
1– = = =  =
y+1 4x + 1  1 4x 4x + 1 4x 4x
1 y+1 4x + 1 4x + 1
= = (Ans.)
y+1–1 y 1
y+1  AmxgZK mgwÓ¡ = (Ans.)
4x
36 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆUÕ¡ ˆccvim ˆgBW BwR: Dîicò  DœPZi MwYZ

AaÅvq 8: wòGKvYwgwZ
ˆevWÆ cixÞvi cÉk² I mgvavb
cÉk²  122 XvKv ˆevWÆ 2021  cÉk² bs 8 gGb Kwi, wòfzGRi ˆKvYòq 5x, 2x ‰es 7x.
ABC-‰, A + B + C = . Avgiv Rvwb, wòfzGRi ˆKvYòGqi mgwÓ¡ 180 ev,  ˆiwWqvb|

K. 7525 ˆK ˆiwWqvGb cÉKvk Ki| B 2 A^Ævr 5x + 2x + 7x =  ev, 14x =   x = 14
L. A : B : C = 1 : 2 : 3 nGj tan2B + 2 cosB ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4  
A+B A+B C C  e†nîg ˆKvY = 7x = 7  14 ˆiwWqvb = 2 ˆiwWqvb (Ans.)
M. (
cÉgvY Ki ˆh, cos 2 + cot 2 = 1 + sec 2 sin 2 ) 4
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, a = p2 + q2  r2

122 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb ‰es p sin + q cos = a
25 5 A^Ævr, p sin + q cos = p2 + q2  r2
( ) ( )
K 7525' = 75 + 60  = 75 + 12 

ev, (psin + qcos)2 = ( p2 + q2  r2)2
900 + 5  905  ev, p2sin2 + 2pq sin cos + q2 cos2 = p2 + q2  r2
=(
12 )
=(
12 )
ev, p2  p2 sin2  2pq sin cos + q2  q2 cos2 = r2
905  c 
=  ˆiwWqvb] ev, p2 (1  sin2)  2 pq sin cos + q2 (1  cos2) = r2
 12 180 [⸪ 1 = 180
905  3.1416c ev, p2 cos2  2pq sincos + q2 sin2 = r2
= ˆiwWqvb (cÉvq) (Ans.) ev, (pcos)2  2.pcos. qsin + (qsin)2 = r2
 12  180  = 1.3163
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,
 ev, (pcos  qsin)2 = r2
ABC-‰, A + B + C =  ev, pcos  qsin =  r
 p cos = q sin  r (cÉgvwYZ)
‰es A : B : C = 1 : 2 : 3
gGb Kwi, A, B ‰es C ‰i gvb h^vKÌGg x, 2x ‰es 3x M p = q = 3 ‰es a = 6 nGj DóxcGKi mgxKiY nGZ cvB,

 3 sin + 3 cos = 6; 0 <  < 2
A^Ævr, x + 2x + 3x =  ev, 6x =   x = 6 6
ev, sin + cos =
  3
 B = 2x = 2  =
6 3 ev, sin + cos = 2
cÉ`î ivwk = tan2B + 2cosB ev, cos = 2  sin
 2
= tan  + 2.cos
 ev, cos2 = ( 2  sin)2
 3 3
ev, cos2 = ( 2)2  2. 2. sin + sin2
1
2
= ( 3) + 2.
2 ev, 1  sin2 = 2  2 2 sin + sin2
= 3 + 1 = 4 (Ans.) ev, 2sin2  2 2 sin + 1 = 0
M

A+B
evgcÞ = cos 2 + cot 2 A
A+B ev, ( 2sin)2  2. 2 sin.1 + 12 = 0
ev, ( 2 sin 1)2 = 0 ev, 2 sin  1 = 0
C C
= cos + cot [⸪ A + B + C = ] 1  
2 2 ev, sin = ev, sin = sin 4 = sin   4
 C  C 2
= cos   + cot     3  3
2 2  2 2  ev, sin = sin 4 = sin 4   = 4, 4
C
sin   
C C
= sin + tan = sin +
C 2  = nGj, 3 sin + 3 cos = 3 sin + 3 cos
2 2 2 C 4 4 4
cos 3 3 3
2 = + = 2. = 6
C C C C C 2 2 2
2 2 (
= sin + sin . sec = 1 + sec
2 2 )
sin = WvbcÞ
2 3
Avevi,  = 4 nGj, 3 sin + 3 cos
A+B A+B C C
 cos
2
+ cot
2 (
= 1 + sec
2 )
sin (cÉgvwYZ)
2
= 3 sin
3
+ 3 cos
3
=
3

3
=0 6
cÉk²  123 gqgbwmsn ˆevWÆ 2021  cÉk² bs 7 4 4 2 2
3
p sin + q cos = a. A^Ævr,  = 4 cÉ`î mgxKiYGK wm«¬ KGi bv|
K. ‰KwU wòfzGRi wZbwU ˆKvGYi AbycvZ 5 : 2 : 7| e†nîi 
ˆKvGYi e†îxq gvb wbYÆq Ki| B 2  0 <  < 2 eÅewaGZ  ‰i gvb: (Ans.)
4
L. a = p2 + q2  r2 nGj, cÉgvY Ki ˆh, p cos = q sin  r 4 cÉk²  124 ivRkvnx ˆevWÆ 2021  cÉk² bs 7
M. p = q = 3 ‰es a = 6 nGj, -‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki|
cosec  cot = a, cos + sin = x ‰es cos – sin = y wZbwU
ˆhLvGb 0 <  < 2 4
wòGKvYwgwZK mgxKiY|
123 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
K. x = 1 nGj, ˆ`LvI ˆh, sin  cos =  1B 2
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, ‰KwU wòfzGRi wZbwU ˆKvGYi AbycvZ 5: 2 : 7

AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ  AÓ¡g AaÅvq: wòGKvYwgwZ 37
2
1a 35
L. 1g mgxKiY nGZ cÉgvY Ki ˆh, cos = 1 + a2A K cÉ`î ivwk = cos  6 
4 
y+1 sin 35
M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, x  1 = 1  cosA 4 = cos 
 6  [ cos ( ) = cos]
124 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb = cos 
36  
 6 
K ‰LvGb, x = 1
 
ev, cos + sin = 1 = cos 6   
 6
ev, cos2 + sin2 + 2sin cos = 1    3
ev, 1 + 2sin cos = 1 = cos 12    = cos = (Ans.)
 2 6 6 2
ev, 2sin. cos = 0 L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, cosec + cot = x

ev,  2sin cos = 0 1 cos
ev, sin + sin = x
ev, 1  2sin cos = 1
ev, sin2 + cos2  2sin cos = 1 1 + cos
ev, sin = x
ev, (sin  cos)2 = 1
 sin  cos =  1 (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) (1 + cos)2
ev, sin2
= x2 [eMÆ KGi]
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, cosec  cot = a

(1 + cos)2
1 cos 1  cos
ev, sin  sin = a ev, sin = a ev, 1  cos2 = x2
(1 + cos)(1 + cos)
(1  cos)2 2 (1  cos)2 2 ev, (1 + cos)(1  cos) = x2
ev, 2
sin 
= a ev,
1  cos2
=a
1 + cos
(1  cos) (1  cos) 1  cos
ev, (1  cos) (1 + cos) = a2 ev, 1 + cos = a2 ev, 1  cos = x2
1  cos + 1 + cos a2 + 1 1 + cos + 1  cos x2 + 1
ev, 1  cos  1  cos = a2  1 [ˆhvRb-weGqvRb KGi] ev, 1  cos  1 + cos = x2  1 [ˆhvRb-weGqvRb KGi]
a2 + 1 2 x2 + 1
2
ev,  2cos = a2  1 ev, 2cos = x2  1
1 + a2 1  a2 1 x2 + 1
1
ev, cos = 1  a2  cos = 1 + a2 (cÉgvwYZ) ev, cos = x2  1
y+1 x2  1
M evgcÞ = x  1
  cos = 2
x 1
(ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)

sin 
cos sin 1  M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,

cos  sin + 1  sin  sin + sin Õ©vb«¼q «¼viv c†w^exi ˆKG±`Ê Drc®² ˆKvY,  = 5 6 36
= =
cos + sin  1 cos sin 1 
sin 
(cot  1 + cosec)
 sin + sin  sin
cot + cosec  1
= 5 + (606 ) + (3600
36 
)
= = = (5 + 0.1 + 0.01)
(cot + 1  cosec) cot  cosec + (cosec2  cot2)
5.11  3.1416c
cot + cosec  1 = 5.11 = 
=  180 
(cosec  cot) (cosec + cot)  (cosec  cot)
  = 0.0892 ˆiwWqvb (cÉvq)
(cot + cosec  1)
=
(cosec  cot) (cosec + cot  1)
‰es c†w^exi eÅvmvaÆ, r = 6440 wK.wg.
1 1 sin gGb Kwi, Õ©vb«¼Gqi gaÅeZÆx `ƒiZ½ = S
= = = = WvbcÞ  Õ©vb«¼Gqi gaÅeZÆx `ƒiZ½, S = r
1 cos 1  cos 1  cos
 = 6440  0.0892 wK.wg. = 574.448 wK.wg. (cÉvq) (Ans.)
sin sin sin
y+1 sin
 = (cÉgvwYZ) cÉk²  126 KzwgÍÏv ˆevWÆ 2021  cÉk² bs 8
x  1 1  cos
13 
cÉk²  125 w`bvRcyi ˆevWÆ 2021  cÉk² bs 7 (i) cosec =
5
‰es 2 <  < 
(i) cotA + cosecA = m. (ii) Z
P
(ii) c†w^exi DcGii `yBwU Õ©vb c†w^exi ˆKG±`Ê 5636 ˆKvY Drc®²
KGi| n 
35 m
K. cos  6  ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| B 2
m2  1 R X
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, cosA = m2 + 1A 4 Q

M. c†w^exi eÅvmvaÆ 6440 wK.wg. nGj Õ©vb«¼Gqi gaÅeZÆx K. 4530 ˆK ˆiwWqvGb cÉKvk KGiv| B 2
`ƒiZ½ wbYÆq Ki| A 4 L. (i) bs nGZ cÉgvY Ki ˆh,
tan + sec ( ) 3
= |A 4
cot + cosec( ) 10
125 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
M. (ii) bs nGZ m + n2  m2 = 2n nGj  ‰i gvb wbYÆq
KGiv| A 4
38 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆUÕ¡ ˆccvim ˆgBW BwR: Dîicò  DœPZi MwYZ
126 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb 2 2
K 9 ˆiwWqvb = 9  180 [‹  ˆiwWqvb = 180]

K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,

= 40 (Ans.)
30 1
cÉ`î ˆKvY = 45 30 = 45 + 60  = 45 + 2 
( ) ( ) L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, P = cot ‰es Q = cosec

cÉkg² GZ, P  Q = m
91 91  3.1416C
ev, cot  cosec = m
 2 180  = 0.7941 (cÉvq) (Ans.)
C
= =
2
cos 1
13  ev, sin  sin = m
L
 ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, cosec = 5 ‰es 2 <  < 
cos  1 (cos  1)2
ˆhGnZz  ˆKvGYi AeÕ©vb 2q PZzfÆvGM| myZivs tan, sec I ev, sin = m ev, sin2
= m2 [eMÆ KGi]
cot ‰i gvb FYvñK nGe| (1  cos)2 (1  cos)(1  cos)
5 ev, 1  cos2 = m2 ev, (1 + cos)(1  cos) = m2
 tan = 
12
13 1  cos m2 1 + cos 1
 sec = 
13
5
ev, 1 + cos = 1 ev, 1  cos = m2 [eÅÕ¦KiY]
12
1 + cos + 1  cos 1 + m2
 cot = 
12  ev, 1 + cos  1 + cos = 1  m2 [ˆhvRb-weGqvRb]
5
132  52 = 12 2 1 + m2
ev, 2cos = 1  m2
tan + sec( ) tan + sec
cÉ`î ivwk = cot + cosec( ) = cot  cosec 1 1 + m2 1  m2
ev, cos = 1  m2  cos = 1 + m2 (cÉgvwYZ)
5 13  5  13
  M
 m†Rbkxj 2(M) bs cÉGk²i mgvavb `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-144
12 12 12 18 5
=
 
=
12 13  12  13
=  ( ) ( )
12
 
25
cÉk²  128 PëMÉvg ˆevWÆ 2021  cÉk² bs 8
5 5 5
3 1 3 tan + sec( ) 3 M = cos ‰es N = sin (hLb 0 <  < 2)
=  =
2 5 10
 =
cot + cosec( ) 10
(cÉgvwYZ) 
K. B = 3 nGj, ˆ`LvI ˆh, sin2B = 2sinB cosB 2
M cÉ`î wPòwU,

Z L. aN  bM = c nGj, ˆ`LvI ˆh, aM + bN =  a2 + b2  c2 4
P M. 2M2 + 3N = 0 nGj,  ‰i mÁ¿veÅ gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4
n  128 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb

m K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, B = 3

2   3
R X evgcÞ = sin2B = sin 3 = sin   3 = sin 3 = 2
n2  m 2 Q
  31 3

m
= cos ‰es
n2  m2
= sin
WvbcÞ = 2sinB.cosB = 2.sin 3.cos 3 = 2. 2 .2 = 2
n n
 sin2B = 2sinB.cosB (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
‰LvGb, m + n  m = 2 n
2 2
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, M = cos, N = sin

m n2  m2
ev, n + = 2 ‰es aN  bM = c
n
ev, a sin  bcos = c
ev, cos + sin = 2
ev, (a sin  bcos)2 = c2
ev, cos = 2  sin ev, a2sin2  2.asin.bcos + b2cos2 = c2
ev, cos2 = 2  2 2 sin + sin2 [eMÆ KGi cvB] ev, a2(1  cos2)  2.ab.sin.cos + b2(1  sin2) = c2
ev, 1  sin2 = 2  2 2 sin + sin2 ev, a2  a2cos2  2acos.bsin + b2  b2sin2 = c2
ev, 2sin2  2 2 sin + 1 = 0 ev, a2 + b2  c2 = a2cos2 + 2a cos.bsin + b2sin2
2 2
ev, ( 2 sin)  2. 2 sin . 1 + 12 = 0 ev, ( 2 sin  1) = 0 ev, a2 + b2  c2 = (acos + bsin)2
ev, 2 sin  1 = 0 ev, 2 sin = 1 ev, a2 + b2  c2 = (aM + bN)2
1    aM + bN =  a2 + b2  c2 (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
ev, sin = = sin 4   = 4 (Ans.)
2 M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, M = cos, N = sin

cÉk²  127 PëMÉvg ˆevWÆ 2021  cÉk² bs 7 ‰es 2M2 + 3N = 0
P = cot ‰es Q = cosec.  2cos2 + 3sin = 0
2 ev, 2(1  sin2) + 3sin = 0
K. 9 ˆiwWqvbGK wWwMÉGZ cÉKvk Ki| 2 ev, 2  2sin2 + 3sin = 0
L. P  Q = m nGj, cÉgvY Ki ˆh, cos = 1 + m2
1m 2
4 ev, 2sin2  3sin  2 = 0 [( 1) «¼viv àY KGi]
ev, 2sin2  4sin + sin  2 = 0
12 sin + cos( )
M. P = 5 ‰es cos FYvñK nGj, sec( ) + tan ev, 2sin(sin  2) + 1(sin  2) = 0
 (sin  2)(2sin + 1) = 0
‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4 nq, sin  2 = 0 A^ev, 2sin + 1 = 0
127 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb  sin = 2 ev, 2sin =  1
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ  AÓ¡g AaÅvq: wòGKvYwgwZ 39
1  
Bnv MÉnYGhvMÅ bq ev, sin =  2 ev, tan =  3 = tan   3 = tan 2  3
 2 5 2 5
KviY,  1  sin 1 ev, sin =  sin 6 ev, tan = tan 3 = tan 3   = 3 , 3
  1 1
ev, sin = sin  + 6 = sin 2  6 Avevi, 3tan2  1 = 0 ev, tan2 = 3 ev, tan = 
3
7 11 1 1  
 sin = sin
6
= sin
6 ‘+’ wPn× wbGq,  tan = ev, tan = = tan 6 = tan  + 6
3 3
7 11
= , (Ans.)  7  7
6 6 ev, tan = tan 6 = tan 6   = 6 6
cÉk²  129 wmGjU ˆevWÆ 2021  cÉk² bs 8
‘’ wPn× wbGq,

(i) 2cos  D = 3 1 1
ev, tan = 

= tan   = tan2  

2  tan = 
3 3  6   6
10
(ii) tan2 + cot2  = 0. 5 11 5 11
3 ev, tan = tan 6 = tan 6   = 6 , 6
K.  1465 ˆKvYwU ˆKvb PZzfÆvGM AewÕ©Z Zv wPòmn wbYÆq Ki| 2
 0    2 eÅewaGZ  ‰i gvb:
L. (i) bs ‰i mvnvGhÅ cÉgvY Ki ˆh, 3sinD  4sin3D  sin3D = 0. 4
  2 5 7 4 5 11
M. (ii) bs nGZ  ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki; ˆhLvGb, 0    2. 4 , , , , , , ,
6 3 3 6 6 3 3 6
(Ans.)
129 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb Y
cÉk²  130 hGkvi ˆevWÆ 2021  cÉk² bs 7
K cÉ`î ˆKvY =  1465
 A
=  1440  25
=  16  90  25 X
O
X 
=  4  360  25 O B
C
1465

A^Ævr, ˆKvYwU PZz^Æ PZzfÆvGM AewÕ©Z| (Ans.)

Y wPGò, AB = OB
1
 ‰es secx  tanx = ( 3) , 0  x  2.
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, 2cos 2  D = 3

K.  620 ‰i AeÕ©vb ˆKvb PZzfÆvGM wPòmn wbYÆq Ki| 2
ev, 2 sinD = 3 ev, sinD =
3 L. RÅvwgwZK DcvGq cÉgvY Ki ˆh,  ‰KwU aË‚e ˆKvY| 4
2 M. x ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4
3
ev, sinD = 2 = sin 60  D = 60 130 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb Y
K cÉ`î ˆKvY =  620
evgcÞ = 3sinD  4sin3D  sin3D =  540  80
= 3  sin 60  4(sin 60)3  sin (3  60) [gvb ewmGq] =  6  90  80
620
X X
3 3 3 O
=3  4   sin180;
2 2 
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
=
2
4
8
0=
2

2
  620‰i AeÕ©vb 2q PZzfÆvGM| (Ans.) Y

= 0 = WvbcÞ L gGb Kwi, O ˆK±`ÊwewkÓ¡ PABC e†Gî, AB Pvc e†Gîi eÅvmvaÆ


 3sinD  4sin3D  sin3D = 0 (cÉgvwYZ) OB ‰i mgvavb nIqvq, AOB = ‰K ˆiwWqvb ˆKvY| cÉgvY
M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,
 KiGZ nGe ˆh, AOB =  ‰KwU aË‚e ˆKvY
10 OB ˆiLvsGki (eÅvmvGaÆi) Dci O we±`yGZ OP jÁ¼ AvuwK|
tan2 + cot2  = 0; 0    2 OP jÁ¼ e†Gîi cwiwaGK P we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
3
1 10 1 r
ev, tan2 + tan2 = 3 Pvc, PB = cwiwai ‰K-PZz^Ævsk = 4  2r = 2
tan4 + 1 10 ‰es Pvc AB = r (eÅvmvaÆ) [AOB = 1 ˆiwWqvb]
ev, tan2 = 3 e†Gîi ˆKvGbv PvGci Dci P
ev, 3tan4 + 3  10 tan2 = 0 `ívqgvb ˆK±`ÊÕ© ˆKvY H A
ev, 3tan4  9tan2  tan2 + 3 = 0 e†îPvGci mgvbycvwZK|

ev, 3tan2(tan2  3)  1(tan2  3) = 0 AOB Pvc AB O r
B
ev, (tan2  3)(3tan2  1) = 0 =
POB Pvc PB
C
 nq, tan2  3 = 0 Pvc AB r
ev, tan2 = 3  AOB =
Pvc PB  POB = r  ‰K mgGKvY
ev, tan =  3 2
‘+’ wPn× w`Gq, tan = 3 [OP eÅvmvaÆ ‰es OB ‰i Dci jÁ¼]
  2
ev, tan = 3 = tan 3 = tan + 3 = mgGKvY|

 4
ev, tan = tan 3 = tan 3   = 3, 3
 4 ˆhGnZz mgGKvY I  aË‚eK ˆmGnZz AOB =  ‰KwU aË‚e ˆKvY|
(cÉgvwYZ)
‘’ wPn× wbGq, tan =  3 M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, secx  tanx = ( 3)1, 0  x  2

40 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆUÕ¡ ˆccvim ˆgBW BwR: Dîicò  DœPZi MwYZ
1 cos
ev, secx  tanx = tan = a, sec = b ‰es =c
3 1  sin
ev, 3secx  3tanx = 1 K. wòfzGRi wZbwU ˆKvGYi AbycvZ 5 : 6 : 7 nGj Þz`ËZg
ev, 3secx = 1 + 3 tanx ˆKvYwUGK ˆiwWqvGb cÉKvk Ki| 2
ev, ( 3secx)2 = (1 + 3tanx)2 a+b1
ev, 3sec2x = 1 + 2 3tanx + 3tan2x L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, a  b + 1 = c 4
ev, 3 + 3tan2x = 1 + 2 3 tanx + 3tan2x [ sec2 x = 1 + tan2x] M. c = 3 nGj  ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki, hLb 0 <   2 4
ev, 2 3tanx = 2 132 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
2 1  
ev, tanx = = ev, tanx = tan 6 = tan + 6 K gGb Kwi, ˆKvY wZbwU 5x, 6x I 7x ˆiwWqvb|

2 3 3
 7  7 Avgiv Rvwb, wòfzGRi wZb ˆKvGYi mgwÓ¡ 180 ev  ˆiwWqvb|
ev, tanx = tan 6 = tan 6  x = 6, 6  5x + 6x + 7x = 
7 7 7 
wK¯§ x = 6 MÉnYGhvMÅ bq, KviY, sec 6  tan 6 ev, 18x =   x = 18
2 1 3 1  5
=  = = 3  Þz`ËZg ˆKvY = 5x = 5  18 ˆiwWqvb = 18 ˆiwWqvb (Ans.)
3 3 3 3

  0 ≤ x ≤ 2 eÅewaGZ x ‰i gvb (Ans.) cos
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, tan = a, sec = b, ‰es 1  sin = c

6
cÉk²  131 ewikvj ˆevWÆ 2021  cÉk² bs 8 a+b1 tan + sec  1
tan + sec( ) 
evgcÞ = a  b + 1 = tan  sec + 1
(i) M = ; (ii) N =
cot + cosec( ) 12 sec + tan  1
K. ‰KwU PvKv 2.88 wKGjvwgUvi c^ ˆhGZ 120 evi NyGi| =
sec2  tan2 + tan  sec
PvKvwUi eÅvmvaÆ KZ? 2 sec + tan  1
5  =
(sec + tan) (sec  tan)  (sec  tan)
L. sin =
13
‰es 2 <  <  nGj, M ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4
(sec + tan  1)
M. sin2N + sin23N + sin25N + sin27N + sin29N + sin211N =
(sec  tan) (sec + tan  1)
‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4 1
=
131 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb sec  tan
K 2.88 wK.wg. c^ = 2.88  1000 wgUvi = 2880 wgUvi
 =
1
PvKvwU 120 evi NyGi hvq 2880 wgUvi 1 sin

2880 cos cos
 PvKvwU 1 evi NyGi hvq wgUvi = 24 wgUvi cos
120
=
 PvKvwUi cwiwa 24 wgUvi 1  sin
PvKvwUi eÅvmvaÆ r nGj, cwiwa 2r wgUvi = c = WvbcÞ
kZÆgGZ, 2r = 24 a+b1
24 12  = c (cÉgvwYZ)
ab+1
r= = = 3.82 wgUvi (cÉvq)
2 3.1416 cos
PvKvwUi eÅvmvaÆ 3.82 wgUvi (cÉvq) (Ans.)
 M ˆ`Iqv
 AvGQ, c = 1  sin
L m†Rbkxj 19(L) bs cÉGk²i mgvavb `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-151
 Avevi, c = 3

M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,
 N=
12 
cos
= 3
1  sin
cÉ`î ivwk: cos2
sin2N + sin23N + sin25N + sin27N + sin29N + sin211N ev, (1  sin)2 = 3 [eMÆ KGi]
 3 5 7 9 11
= sin2 + sin2 + sin2 + sin2 + sin2 + sin2 ev, cos2 = 3(1  sin)2
12 12 12 12 12 12
ev, 1  sin2 = 3(1  2sin + sin2)
{ ( )}
 3 5   2
= sin2 + sin2 + sin2 + sin + +
12 12 12 2 12 ev, 1  sin2 = 3  6 sin + 3sin2
2
ev, 4sin2  6 sin + 2 = 0
{ ( )} { ( )}
sin
 3
+
2 12
+ sin
 5
+
2 12
2

ev, 2sin2  3sin + 1 = 0

 3 5  2 3 2 5 2
= sin2
12
+ sin2 + sin2 + cos
12 12 ( ) ( ) ( )
12
+ cos
12
+ cos
12 ev, 2sin2  2 sin  sin + 1 = 0
2  2 3 2 5 2  2 3 2 5
ev, 2sin (sin  1)  1 (sin  1) = 0
= sin + sin + sin + cos + cos + cos
12 12 12 12 12 12  (sin  1) (2sin  1) = 0
  3 3 5 5 nq, sin  1 = 0 A^ev, 2sin  1 = 0
= sin( 2
12
+ cos2
)(
12
+ sin 2
12
+ cos2
)(
12
+ sin2 + cos2
12 )
12
1
= 1 + 1 + 1 = 3 (Ans.) ev, sin = 1 ev, sin = 2
cÉk²  132 XvKv ˆevWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 7 
ev, sin = sin 2
 5
ev, sin = sin 6 = sin 6
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ  AÓ¡g AaÅvq: wòGKvYwgwZ 41

=

=
 5
,
ev, 2 cos2  3 cos + 1 = 0
2 6 6 ev, 2 cos2  2 cos  cos + 1 = 0
 5
=
2
‰es 6 ‰i RbÅ c = 3 wm«¬ bq| ev, 2 cos (cos  1)  1(cos  1) = 0
 ev, (cos  1) (2 cos  1) = 0
 wbGYÆq mgvavb,  = 6 (Ans.)  cos  1 = 0 A^ev, 2 cos  1 = 0
cÉk²  133 ivRkvnx ˆevWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 7 ev, cos = 1 1
ev, cos = 2
x = a cos ‰es y = b sin. ev, cos = cos0 = cos 2
 5
x a sin + b cos
K. y = 1 nGj a sin  b cos ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2
  = 0, 2 ev, cos = cos 3 = cos 3
 5
L. x  y = a + b  c nGj cÉgvY Ki ˆh,
2 2 2
 = ,
3 3
a sin + b cos  c = 0. 4  5
M. a = 3 ‰es b = 2 nGj x + y2 = 3 mgxKiYwU mgvavb  wbGYÆq mgvavb :  = 0 , 3 , 3 , 2 (Ans.)
Ki, hLb 0    2. 4
cÉk²  134 w`bvRcyi ˆevWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 7
133 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
(i) A
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, x = a cos, y = b sin

x
‰Lb, y = 1
2
a cos 3
ev, b sin = 1
B D
C
b sin
ev, cos = a
(ii) 2sin cos + 1 = 2cos + sin
a sin + b cos
‰Lb, a sin  b cos 4
K. cos =  5 , 0 <  <  nGj, tan ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2
b sin
a sin + b . cotA cotC – 1
a L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, cot(A + C) = cotC + cotA + cotB. 4
=
b sin
a sin  b .
a M. 0   < 2 mxgvi gGaÅ (ii) ‰ ewYÆZ mgxKiYwU mgvavb
sin 2 Ki| 4
(a + b2)
a 134 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
=
sin 2 4
(a  b2) K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, cos = – 5

a
a2 + b2 16 3
= 2 (Ans.)  sin = 1 – cos2 = 1– = [‹ 0 <  < ]
a  b2 25 5
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, x  y = a2 + b2  c2
 3
sin 5 3
ev, a cos  b sin = a2 + b2  c2  tan = =
cos – 4
= – (Ans.)
4
ev, (a cos  b sin)2 = a2 + b2  c2 5
ev, a2 cos2  2ab . cos . sin + b2 sin2 = a2 + b2  c2
2
ev, a2(1  sin2)  2ab . cos . sin + b2 (1  cos2) L ‰LvGb, ACD = 3

2 2 2 A
=a +b c
2 
ev, a + b  a sin   2ab cos . sin  b cos2
2 2 2 2 2  ACB =   =
3 3
= a2 + b2  c2 
ev,  (a sin  + 2.a sin.b cos + b cos ) =  c2
2 2 2 2 ‰es ABC = 2 2
3
ev, (a sin + b cos)2 = c2  
 BAC =  –  + 
ev, a sin + b cos = c 3 2  B
C
D
 a sin + b cos  c = 0 (cÉgvwYZ) 
=
6
M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, x = a cos, y = b sin
 
a = 3 ‰es b = 2 nGj, ‰Lb, cotA = cot 6 = 3
x = 3 cos  1
cotC = cot =
y = 2 sin 3 3
‰Lb, x + y2 = 3 
cotB = cot = 0
ev, 3 cos + ( 2 sin)2 = 3 2
  
ev, 3 cos + 2(1  cos2) = 3 evgcÞ = cot(A + C) = cot3 + 6  = cot 2 = 0
ev, 3 cos + 2  2 cos2  3 = 0
42 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆUÕ¡ ˆccvim ˆgBW BwR: Dîicò  DœPZi MwYZ
1 cosA 1 1
3. –1 ev, sinA  sinA =
cotA cotC – 1 3 3
WvbcÞ = cotC + cotA + cotB = 1
+0
cosA  1 1
3+ ev, sinA =
3 3
1–1 (cosA  1)2 1
=
1
=0 ev, sin2A = 3 [eMÆ KGi]
3+
3 (cosA  1)2 1
ev, (1  cos2A) = 3
cotA cotC – 1
 cot(A + C) = + cotB (cÉgvwYZ)
cotC + cotA (1  cosA)2 1
ev, (1  cosA) (1 + cosA) = 3
M
 ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, 2sin cos + 1 = 2cos + sin
ev, 2cos(sin – 1) = sin – 1 1  cosA 1
ev, 1 + cosA = 3
ev, 2cos(sin – 1) – (sin – 1) = 0
ev, (sin – 1)(2cos – 1) = 0 ev, 3  3 cosA = 1 + cosA
nq, sin = 1 A^ev, 2cos – 1 = 0 ev, 3  1 = cosA + 3 cosA
 1  5 ev, 4 cosA = 2
ev, sin = sin 2 ev, cos = 2 = cos 3 = cos 3 1  
ev, cosA = 2 = cos 3 , cos 2  3
  5
=  = ,  5
2 3 3 A= ,
  5 3 3
 wbGYÆq mgvavb:  = , , (Ans.) 
3 2 3 wK¯§, A = 3 , cotA  cosecA = ( 3)1 mgxKiYwUGK wm«¬
cÉk²  135 KzwgÍÏv ˆevWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 7 KGi bv|
cotA + cosecA  1 5
X= ‰es Y = cotA  cosecA.  wbGYÆq gvb: A = 3 (Ans.)
cotA  cosecA + 1
2
K. A = 3 nGj, Y ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2 cÉk²  136 PëMÉvg ˆevWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 7
B
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, XY =  1 4 C
M. Y = ( 3)1 ‰es 0  A  2 nGj, A ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4

135 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb O A
2 M
K
 A=
3
nGj,
Y = cotA  cosecA
2 2
= cot  cosec
3 3 wPGò, OA = 10 ˆm.wg.
= cot 120  cosec 120 K.  ˆK ˆiwWqvGb cÉKvk Ki| 2
= cot (90 + 30)  cosec (90 + 30)
L. hw`  = 60 nq, ‰es ‰KRb ˆ`Œowe` A we±`y ˆ^GK
=  tan 30  sec 30
1 2 12 hvòv ÷i‚ KGi B we±`yGZ ˆcuŒQvGZ 5 ˆmGK´£ mgq ˆbq
=  = ZGe Zvi MwZGeM wbYÆq Ki| 4
3 3 3
OM 2
=
3
=  3 (Ans.) M. 2  = 1 + 2 BM 2 nq ZGe  ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki|
3  OB   OB 
[ˆhLvGb, 0 <  < 2] 4
cotA + cosecA  1
L X = cotA  cosecA + 1
 136 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
cotA + cosecA – (cosec2A – cot2A) c  c
=
cotA – cosecA + 1 K Avgiv Rvwb, 180 = c ev, 1 = 180   = 180 (Ans.)

cotA + cosecA – (cosecA + cotA)(cosecA – cotA)
=
cotA – cosecA + 1 L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, e†Gîi eÅvmvaÆ, r = OA = 10 ˆm.wg.

(cotA + cosecA)(1 – cosecA + cotA) ˆKG±`Ê Drc®² ˆKvY,  = 60 ˆm.wg.
=  
(1 – cosecA + cotA)
= 60 
180
ˆiwWqvb = 3 ˆiwWqvb
= cotA + cosecA
 XY = (cotA + cosecA) (cotA  cosecA) ‰Lb, Pvc, S = AB = r
= cot2A  cosec2A 
=  (cosec2A  cot2A) = 10 
3
=  1 (cÉgvwYZ) = 10.4719 ˆm.wg.
M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, Y = ( 3)1
 ˆ`Œowe` 5 ˆmGKG´£ AwZKÌg KGi 10.4719 ˆm.wg.
10.4719
ev, cotA  cosecA =
1  ” 1 ” ” ”
5
”
3
= 2.094 ˆm.wg.
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ  AÓ¡g AaÅvq: wòGKvYwgwZ 43
 MwZGeM 2.094 ˆm.wg./ˆmGK´£ (Ans.) (sec + tan) (sec – tan) – (tan + sec)
=
sec – tan – 1
OM
M DóxcK ˆ^GK cvB, cos = OB
 (sec + tan)(sec – tan – 1)
=
BM (sec – tan – 1)
‰es sin = OB = sec + tan
OM 2 BM 2 1 sin 1 + sin
ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, 2 OB  = 1 + 2  OB  = + =
    cos cos cos
ev, 2cos2 = 1 + 2 sin2 (1 + sin)2 (1 + sin)2
= =
ev, 2(1  sin2) = 1 + 2 sin2 cos2 1 – sin2
ev, 2  2 sin2  1  2 sin2 = 0 (1 + sin)(1 + sin)
=
ev,  4 sin2 = 1 (1 + sin)(1 – sin)
1 1 + sin 1+P
ev, sin2 = 4 = =
1 – sin 1–P
1 = WvbcÞ
ev, sin =  2
1–M–N 1+P
‰Lb, sin = 2
1 
N–M–1
=
1–P
(cÉgvwYZ)
  1
ev, sin = sin 6 = sin   6 M P2N – N = 1

 5 1
= , ev, (sin)2.sec – sec = 1
6 6
1 sin2
A^ev, sin =  2 ev, cos – cos = 1
 sin2 – cos2
ev, sin =  sin6 ev, cos
=1

ev, sin = sin  + 6 = sin2  6
 ev, 1 – cos2 – cos2 = cos
ev, 1 – 2cos2 – cos = 0
7 11
ev,  = 6 , 6 ev, 2cos2 + cos – 1 = 0
 5 7 11
ev, 2cos2 + 2cos – cos – 1 = 0
 wbw`ÆÓ¡ mxgvi gGaÅ,  = 6 , 6 , 6 , 6 (Ans.) ev, 2cos(cos + 1) – 1(cos + 1) = 0
ev, (2cos – 1) (cos + 1) = 0
cÉk²  137 wmGjU ˆevWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 7
A^Ævr, 2cos – 1 = 0 A^ev, cos + 1 = 0
M = tan, N = sec ‰es P = sin. 1
K. c†w^exi eÅvmvaÆ 6440 wK. wg.| c†w^exi DcGii ˆh `yBwU ev, cos = 2 ev, cos = – 1
Õ©vb ˆKG±`Ê 7ˆKvY Drc®² KGi ZvG`i gaÅeZÆx `ƒiZ½  5
ev, cos = cos 3 = cos 3 ev, cos = cos
wbYÆq Ki| 2
1–M–N 1+P  5
 = , =
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, N–M–1
=
1–P
. 4 3 3
 5
M.
1
P2N – = 1 nGj,  ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki;  wbGYÆq gvb:  = ,  , (Ans.)
N 3 3
ˆhLvGb, 0    2. 4 cÉk²  138 hGkvi ˆevWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 7
137 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb sin  cos + 1
P = 10 sin2 + 6 cos2 ‰es Q =
sin + cos  1
K ‰LvGb, c†w^exi eÅvmvaÆ, r = 6440 wK. wg.

1 3
7
ˆKvY  = 7 = 180 ˆiwWqvb K. sinA =  ; ˆhLvGb 0<A<
2
nGj A ‰i
2
7 gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2
Avgiv Rvwb, S = r = 6440  180 wK. wg. 
L. P = 7 nGj, cot ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| hLb <  < . 4
= 786.794 wK. wg. (cÉvq) (Ans.) 2
1 + sin
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, M = tan, N = sec ‰es P = sin
 M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, Q = cos 4
1–M–N
‰Lb, evgcÞ = N – M – 1 138 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
1 3
=
1 – tan – sec K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, sinA = 
 ˆhLvGb, 0 < A < 2
sec – tan – 1 2
5
(sec2 – tan2) – tan – sec ev, sinA =  sin  = sin  +   = sin  4 
=
sec – tan – 1 4  4
5
A= (Ans.)
4
44 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆUÕ¡ ˆccvim ˆgBW BwR: Dîicò  DœPZi MwYZ
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, P = 10 sin2 + 6 cos2 ‰es P = 7
 AOB Pvc AB
 10 sin2 + 6 cos2 = 7 =
POB Pvc PB
ev, 10 sin2 + 6(1  sin2) = 7 Pvc AB r
ev, 10 sin2 + 6  6 sin2 = 7  AOB =  POB =  ‰K mgGKvY
Pvc PB r
ev, 4 sin2 = 7  6 2
1 [OP eÅvmvaÆ ‰es OB ‰i Dci jÁ¼]
ev, sin2 = 4
2
1 = mgGKvY|
ev, sin =  2 
1 
ˆhGnZz mgGKvY I  aË‚eK ˆmGnZz AOB =  ‰KwU aË‚e ˆKvY|
ev, sin = 2  2 <  <  (cÉgvwYZ)
5
ev, sin = sin  6    = 6
5 L A = 7 nGj

15cos2 + 2 sin = 7
5
 cot = cot   =
1
= 3 (Ans.)
ev, 15cos2 + 2 sin 7 = 0
6 5 ev, 15  15sin2 + 2sin  7 = 0
tan  
6 ev,  15sin2 + 2sin + 8 = 0
M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,
 ev, 15sin2  2sin  8 = 0
sin  cos + 1 ev, 15sin2  12sin + 10 sin  8 = 0
Q=
sin + cos  1
ev, 3sin(5sin  4) + 2(5sin 4) = 0
cos (tan  1 + sec)
= ev, (5sin  4) (3sin + 2) = 0
cos (tan + 1  sec)
 5sin  4 = 0 A^ev, 3 sin + 2 = 0
tan  1 + sec 4
=
tan + 1  sec ev, sin = 5 ev, sin =  3
2
(tan + sec)  (sec2  tan2) 16
=
1  sec + tan ev, sin2 = 25 
 <  <  eÅewaGZ sin
2
(sec + tan)  (sec + tan) (sec  tan) 16
= ev, 1  cos2 = 25 abvñK|
1  sec + tan
9 2
(sec + tan) (1  sec + tan) ev, cos2 = 25  sin = – MÉnYGhvMÅ bq|
= 3
1  sec + tan
3
= sec + tan ev, cos =  5
1 sin
= + 
cos cos  <  <  ‰i gGaÅ cos FYvñK ‰es sin abvñK
2
1 + sin
=
cos
(cÉgvwYZ) 
3
cos 5 3
 cot = = =  (Ans.)
cÉk²  139 ewikvj ˆevWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 7 sin 4 4
5

A = 15 cos2  + 2 sin,
2
<< M
 B = 4 nGj, 3 sin2 + 5 cos2 = 4
2 2
B = 3sin  + 5cos . ev, 3sin2 + 5 – 5sin2 = 4
K. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, ˆiwWqvb ˆKvY ‰KwU aË‚e ˆKvY| 2 ev, 5  2sin2 = 4 ev, 2sin2 = 1
1 1
L. A = 7 nGj, cot ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4 ev, sin2 = 2 ev, sin = 
M. B = 4 nGj,  ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4 2
139 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb ‘+’ wPn× wbGq,
1  
K gGb Kwi, O ˆK±`ÊwewkÓ¡ PABC
 sin = = sin = sin   
P 2 4  4
e†Gî, AB Pvc e†Gîi eÅvmvaÆ OB ‰i A  3
mgvavb nIqvq, AOB = ‰K  =4, 4

ˆiwWqvb ˆKvY| cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, O


B ‘’ wPn× wbGq,
r
AOB =  ‰KwU aË‚e ˆKvY 1  
sin =  = sin  +  = sin 2  
OB ˆiLvsGki (eÅvmvGaÆi) Dci O C 2  4  4
5 7
we±`yGZ OP jÁ¼ AvuwK| = ,
4 4
OP jÁ¼ e†Gîi cwiwaGK P we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|  3 5 7
 wbGYÆq mgvavb,  = 4 , 4 , 4 , 4 (Ans.)
1 r
Pvc, PB = cwiwai ‰K-PZz^Ævsk = 4  2r = 2 cÉk²  140 mKj ˆevWÆ 2018  cÉk² bs 7
‰es Pvc AB = r (eÅvmvaÆ) [AOB = 1 ˆiwWqvb]
P = tan + sec ‰es Q = cot2 + cosec2.
e†Gîi ˆKvGbv PvGci Dci
`ívqgvb ˆK±`ÊÕ© ˆKvY H K. sec  tan ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2
e†îPvGci mgvbycvwZK| L. ˆ`LvI
2P
ˆh, cos = P2 + 1 4
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ  AÓ¡g AaÅvq: wòGKvYwgwZ 45
M. Q = 3 nGj, cÉ`î mgxKiYwU mgvavb Ki, =
 5
, hv 0 <  < 2 kZÆ cƒiY KGi|
4 4
hLb 0 <  < 2. 4
140 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb Avevi, cot = – 1 ˆ^GK cvB,

K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, P = tan + sec
 cot = – cot
4
‰Lb, sec2  tan2 = 1  
ev, cot = cot ( – 4 ) = cot(2 – 4 )
ev, (sec + tan) (sec  tan) = 1
3 7
ev, P(sec  tan) = 1 ev, cot = cot 4 = cot 4
1 3 7
 sec  tan = (Ans.) = , hv 0 <  < 2 kZÆ cƒiY KGi|
P 4 4
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, P = tan + sec
  3 5 7
 wbw`ÆÓ¡ mxgvi gGaÅ  ‰i mÁ¿veÅ gvbmgƒn, , , ,
sin 1 4 4 4 4
ev, P = cos + cos (Ans.)
1 + sin
ev, P = cos cÉk²  141 XvKv ˆevWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 7
sinA + cosA = P ‰es Q = sec  tan.
(1 + sin)2
ev, P2 = cos2
[eMÆ KGi] K. 324 ˆK ˆiwWqvGb cÉKvk Ki| 2
(1 + sin)2 L. P = 1 nGj cÉgvY Ki ˆh, sinA  cosA =  1. 4
ev, 1  sin2 = P2 M. Q = ( 3)1 nGj  ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki, ˆhLvGb 
(1 + sin)2 mƒßGKvY| 4
ev, (1 + sin) (1  sin) = P2 141 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
1 + sin 4 
ev, 1  sin = P2 K
 324 = 32  [‹ 60 = 1]
 60 
1 + sin + 1  sin P2 + 1
ev, 1 + sin  1 + sin = P2  1 [ˆhvRb-weGqvRb KGi] = 32
1 
 = 481 
 15   15 
2 P2 + 1
ev, 2sin = P2  1 =
481 

15  60 [‹ 60 = 1]
1 P2 + 1 481  481  c  c 
ev, sin = P2  1 =  =   1 =
900  900 180  180
P2  1 c
ev, sin = P2 + 1 =
481 
162000 = .0093 (cÉvq) (Ans.)
c

(P2  1)2
ev, sin2 = (P2 + 1)2 L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, sinA + cosA = P

(P2  1)2 cÉkg² GZ, P = 1
ev, 1  cos2 = (P2 + 1)2 ev, sinA + cosA = 1
(P2  1)2 ev, (sinA + cosA)2 = 12 [DfqcÞGK eMÆ KGi]
ev, 1  (P2 + 1)2 = cos2
ev, sin2A + cos2A + 2sinAcosA = 1
(P2 + 1)2  (P2  1)2 ev, 1 + 2sinAcosA = 1 [ sin2A + cos2A = 1]
ev, (P2 + 1)2
= cos2
ev, 2sinAcosA = 1 – 1
4P2
ev, cos2 = (P2 + 1)2  2sinAcosA = 0
‰Lb, (sinA  cosA)2 = (sinA + cosA)2  4sinAcosA
2P
 cos = 2
P +1
(ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) = 12  0 [gvb ewmGq]
ev, sinA  cosA =  1
M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, Q = cot2 + cosec2 ‰es Q = 3

 sinA  cosA =  1 (cÉgvwYZ)
myZivs, cot2 + cosec2 = 3
M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, Q = sec  tan

ev, cot2 + 1 + cot2 = 3 cÉkg² GZ, Q = ( 3)1
ev, 2cot2 = 2 1
ev, sec  tan =
ev, cot2 = 1 3
ev, cot =  1 1 sin
ev, cos  cos =
1
cot = 1 wbGq cvB, 3
1  sin 1

cot = cot = cot ( + )
 ev, cos =
4 4 3
 5 ev, 3  3 sin = cos
ev, cot = cot4 = cot 4
ev, ( 3  3 sin)2 = (cos)2 [DfqcÞGK eMÆ KGi]
46 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆUÕ¡ ˆccvim ˆgBW BwR: Dîicò  DœPZi MwYZ
ev, 3 + 3sin2  6sin = cos2 ev, 1  sin 
x
cos 
ev, 3 + 3sin2  6sin = 1  sin2 [ sin2 + cos2 = 1]
(1  sin ) 2
ev, 3sin2 + sin2  6sin + 3  1 = 0 ev,  x2 [Dfq cÞGK eMÆ KGi]
cos 2 
ev, 4sin2  6sin + 2 = 0
(1  sin ) 2
ev, 2(2sin2  3sin + 1) = 0 ev,  x2 [ cos2 = 1  sin2]
1  sin 2 
ev, 2sin2  3sin + 1 = 0
ev, 2sin2  2sin  sin + 1 = 0 ev, 1  sin 1  sin   x 2
1  sin 1  sin 
ev, 2sin(sin – 1)  1(sin – 1) = 0 1  sin 
ev,  x2
 (sin  1) (2sin  1) = 0 1  sin 
nq, sin  1 = 0 A^ev, 2sin  1 = 0 1 + sin + 1 – sin x2 + 1
ev, 1 + sin – 1 + sin = x2 – 1 [ˆhvRb-weGqvRb KGi]
1
ev, sin = 1 ev, sin = 2 2 x2 + 1
ev, 2sin = x2 – 1
ev, sin = sin90 ev, sin = sin30
x2 1
  = 90   = 30  sin = (cÉgvwYZ)
wK¯§,  = 90 MÉnYGhvMÅ bq, KviY  mƒßGKvY| x2  1

  ‰i gvb 30 (Ans.) M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, x = 1


cÉk²  142 ivRkvnx ˆevWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 7 x2  1
‘L’ ˆ^GK cvB, sin = x2 + 1
gymv BeËvwng ˆ`Lj ˆh, 540 wKGjvwgUvi `ƒGi ‰KwU we±`yGZ ˆKvGbv 12  1
ev, sin = 12 + 1 [x ‰i gvb ewmGq]
cvnvo 7 ˆKvY Drc®² KGi ‰es wZwb ‰KwU mgxKiY wjLGjb:
0
x = tan + sec. ev, sin = 2 ev, sin = 0
K. cvnvowUi DœPZv wbYÆq Ki| 2
ev, sin = sin0
x2 – 1
L. mgxKiYwU nGZ cÉgvY Ki ˆh, sin = 2
x +1
. 4   = 0 (Ans.)

M. x = 1 nGj,  ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki, ˆhLvGb 0   < 90. 4 cÉk²  143 w`bvRcyi ˆevWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 7
142 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb ‰KwU Mvwo XvKv ˆ^GK Lyjbvq hvIqvi mgq Mvwoi PvKv cÉwZ
K gGb Kwi, AB cvnvowUi cv`we±`y A ˆ^GK 540 wK.wg. `ƒGi O wgwbGU 720 evi NyGi| PvKvi eÅvmvaÆ 0.25 wgUvi|

K. PvKvi cwiwa wbYÆq Ki| 2
we±`yGZ cvnvowU 7 ˆKvY Drc®² KGi|
L. MvwowUi MwZGeM wbYÆq Ki| 4
ZvnGj AO = r = eÅvmvaÆ = 540 wK.wg.
M. XvKv ˆ^GK Lyjbvi `ƒiZ½ c†w^exi ˆKG±`Ê 2 ˆKvY Drc®²
ˆK±`ÊÕ© ˆKvY AOB = 7 =  7  = 7 ˆiwWqvb| KiGj XvKv ˆ^GK Lyjbvq ˆcuŒQvGZ MvwowUi KZ mgq
60  60  180
jvMGe? [c†w^exi eÅvmvaÆ 6440 wK.wg.] 4
cvnvGoi DœPZv  Pvc = s wK.wg. B 143 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, PvKvi eÅvmvaÆ, r = 0.25 wgUvi

 PvKvi cwiwa = 2r ‰KK = 2  3.1416  0.25 wgUvi
7
O
r = 540 wK.wg. A = 1.5708 wgUvi (cÉvq) (Ans.)

Avgiv Rvwb, L ‘K’ ˆ^GK cvB, PvKvi cwiwa = 1.5708 wgUvi (cÉvq)

7
Avgiv Rvwb, PvKv ‰Kevi NyGi Zvi cwiwai mgvb `ƒiZ½
s = r = 540  wK.wg. AwZKÌg KGi|
60  180
7  3.1416  MvwowU cÉwZ wgwbGU NyGi AwZKÌg KGi = 720  1.5708 wgUvi
= wK.wg. (cÉvq)
20 = 1130.976 wgUvi
= 1.1 wK.wg.
(cÉvq)  MvwowUi MwZGeM = 1130.976 wgUvi/wgwbU
 cvnvowUi DœPZv 1.1 wK.wg. (cÉvq) ev 1100 wgUvi (cÉvq)| =
1130.976  60
wK.wg./N´Ÿv
1000
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, tan + sec = x
 = 67.86 wK.wg./N´Ÿv (Ans.)
sin  1
ev,  x M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, eÅvmvaÆ, R = 6440 wK.wg.

cos  cos 
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ  AÓ¡g AaÅvq: wòGKvYwgwZ 47

c†w^exi ˆKG±`Ê Drc®² ˆKvY,  = 2 = 2  180 = 0.034907c
c
M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, A = sec + tan

kZÆgGZ, A = 3
 XvKv I Lyjbvi gaÅeZÆx `ƒiZ½ = PvGci Š`NÆÅ = r ev, sec + tan = 3
= 6440  0.034907 ev, sec = 3 – tan
wK.wg.
= 224.801 ev, sec2 = ( 3 – tan)2 [eMÆ KGi]
‘L’ ˆ^GK cvB, Mvoxi MwZGeM = 67.86 wK.wg./N´Ÿv ev, 1 + tan2 = 3  2 3tan + tan2
 XvKv ˆ^GK Lyjbvq ˆcuŒQvGZ mgq jvMGe ev, 2 3 tan = 3 + tan2 – 1 – tan2
= (224.801  67.86) N´Ÿv ev, 2 3 tan = 2
2
= 3.31 N´Ÿv (cÉvq) (Ans.) ev, tan =
2 3
cÉk²  144 KzwgÍÏv ˆevWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 7 ev, tan =
1
3
25
A = sec + tan ‰es B = cos −  
 6  ev, tan = tan6 = tan + 6 [ 0 <  < 2]
K. B ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2  7
x2 − 1 ev, tan = tan6 = tan 6
L. hw` A = x nq, ZGe ˆ`LvI ˆh, sin = x2 + 1 4
 7
= ,
M.  ‰i mÁ¿veÅ gvbàGjv wbYÆq Ki, hLb A = 3 ‰es 6 6
7 7
0 <  < 2 4  wK¯§,  =
6
MÉnYGhvMÅ bq| KviY,  = 6 ‰i RbÅ cÉ`î
144 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb mgxKiYwU wm«¬ nq bv|
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,
 
 wbGYÆq gvb,  = 6 (Ans.)

B = cos −
25
= cos
25
[‹ cos (− ) = cos] cÉk²  145 PëMÉvg ˆevWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 7
 6  6
cot + cosec = m.

= cos 4 + K. cosec – cot ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2
 6
sin – cos + 1 1 + sin
   L. m = 2 nGj, ˆ`LvI ˆh, = . 4
= cos 8 . +  = cos sin + cos – 1 cos
 2 6 6
M. m = 3 nGj,  ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| ˆhLvGb 0    2. 4
3
B=
2
(Ans.) 145 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, cosec + cot = m

L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, A = sec + tan
 Avgiv Rvwb, cosec2 – cot2 = 1
cÉkg² GZ, A = x ev, (cosec + cot) (cosec – cot) = 1
tan + sec = x ev, m(cosec – cot) = 1
1
sin 1  cosec – cot = (Ans.)
ev, cos + cos = x m
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, cot + cosec = m

1 + sin
ev, cos = x cos 1
ev, sin + sin = 2 [ m = 2]
2
(1 + sin)
ev, cos2
= x2 [Dfq cÞGK eMÆ KGi] cos + 1
ev, sin = 2
(1 + sin)2 (cos + 1)2
ev, 1  sin2 = x2 [ cos2 = 1  sin2] ev, = 4 [Dfq cÞGK eMÆ KGi]
sin2
2
(1 + sin) (1 + sin) (1 + cos)
ev, (1 + sin) (1  sin) = x2 ev, 1 – cos2 = 4 [ sin2 = 1  cos2]
1 + sin (1 + cos) (1 + cos)
ev, 1  sin = x2 ev, (1 + cos)(1 – cos) = 4
x2 + 1 1 + cos
1 + sin + 1 – sin
ev, 1 + sin – 1 + sin = x2 – 1 [ˆhvRb-weGqvRb KGi] ev, 1 – cos = 4
1 + cos + 1 – cos 4 + 1
2
ev, 2sin = x2 – 1
x2 + 1 ev, 1 + cos – 1 + cos = 4 – 1 [ˆhvRb-weGqvRb KGi]
2 5
x2  1 ev, 2cos = 3
 sin =
x2 + 1
(cÉgvwYZ)
3
 cos =
5
48 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆUÕ¡ ˆccvim ˆgBW BwR: Dîicò  DœPZi MwYZ
3 2 9 4 ev, a2(1  cos2) + b2 (1  sin2) + 2ab sin.cos = c2
 sin = 1 – cos2 = 1–  = 1– =
5  25 5 ev, a2  a2 cos2 + b2  b2 sin2 + 2ab sin.cos = c2
4 3 4–3+5 ev, a2 + b2  c2 = a2 cos2 + b2 sin2  2ab sin.cos
– +1
sin – cos + 1 5 5 5 6 5
evgcÞ = sin + cos – 1 = 4 3 = 4 + 3 – 5 = 5  2 = 3 ev, a2 + b2  c2 = (a cos)2 + (b sin)2  2a cos.b sin
+ –1 ev, a2 + b2  c2 = (a cos  b sin)2
5 5 5

1+
4 5+4 ev, a cos  b sin =  a2 + b2  c2
1 + sin 5 5 9 5
WvbcÞ = cos = 3 = 3 = 5  3 = 3 
 aƒ    b ƒ() =  a + b2  c2 (cÉgvwYZ)
2
2 
5 5

sin – cos + 1 1 + sin M
 ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, ƒ(x) + ƒ2  x = 2, hLb 0  x  2

sin + cos – 1
=
cos
(ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)

ev, sinx + sin 2  x = 2
M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, cosec + cot = m

ev, cosec + cot = 3 [ m = 3] ev, sinx + cosx = 2
ev, cosec = 3 – cot ev, cos2x = ( 2  sinx)2 [eMÆ KGi]
ev, cosec2 = 3 – 2 3 cot + cot2 ev, cos2x = 2  2 2 sinx + sin2x
ev, 1 + cot2 – 3 + 2 3cot – cot2 = 0 ev, 1  sin2x = 2  2 2 sinx + sin2x
ev, 2 3 cot – 2 = 0 ev, 2 sin2x  2 2 sinx + 1 = 0
2
ev, cot = ev, ( 2 sinx)2  2 2 sinx.1 + 12 = 0
2 3
1 ev, ( 2 sinx  1)2 = 0
ev, cot = ev, 2 sinx  1 = 0
3
  4 1
ev, cot = cot 3 = cot  + 3 = cot 3 ev, sinx =
2
 4  
= ,
3 3 ev, sinx = sin 4 = sin   4
4  3
wK¯§,  = 3 ‰i RbÅ cÉ`î mgxKiYwU wm«¬ nq bv| ev, sinx = sin 4 = sin 4

 wbGYÆq mgvavb,  = (Ans.) x=
 3
,
3 4 4
cÉk²  146 wmGjU ˆevWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 7 wK¯§, x=
3
‰i RbÅ cÉ`î mgxKiYwU wm«¬ nq bv|
4
ƒ(x) = sinx

K. 5 ˆm.wg. eÅvmvaÆwewkÓ¡ e†Gîi ˆh Pvc ˆKG±`Ê 60 ˆKvY  wbGYÆq mgvavb, x = 4 (Ans.)
Drc®² KGi Zvi Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq Ki| 2
cÉk²  147 hGkvi ˆevWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 7

L. hw` aƒ() + bƒ2   = c nq, ZvnGj cÉgvY Ki ˆh, 2 2
7sin  + 3cos  = P
 
aƒ    bƒ() =  a2 + b2  c2. 4 K.  = 4 nGj, P ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2
2 
M.

mgvavb Ki: ƒ(x) + ƒ2  x = 2, hLb 0  x  2. 4 L. P = 4 nGj, cÉgvY Ki ˆh, cot =  3. 4
M. P = 6 ‰es 0 <  < 2 nGj,  ‰i mÁ¿veÅ gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4
146 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
147 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, eÅvmvaÆ, r = 5 ˆm.wg.

c c
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, P = 7sin2 + 3cos2

ˆKG±`Ê Drc®² ˆKvY,  = 60 = 60  180 = 3  2  2 
= 7sin  + 3cos  ‹  = 
 5  3.1416  4  4  4
Avgiv Rvwb, Pvc, S = r = 5  3 = 1 2 1 2 7 3 7+3
3 = 7  + 3  = + =
 PvGci Š`NÆÅ = 5.236 ˆm.wg. (cÉvq) (Ans.)  2  2 2 2 2
Ô P = 5 (Ans.)
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, ƒ(x) = sinx

 L cÉkg² GZ, P = 4

cÉkg² GZ, aƒ() + bƒ2   = c ev, 7sin2 + 3cos2 = 4

ev, a sin + b sin 2   = c ev, 7sin2 + 3(1 – sin2) = 4
ev, 7sin2 + 3 – 3sin2 = 4
ev, a sin + b cos = c 1
ev, a2sin2 + b2 cos2 + 2ab sin cos = c2 [eMÆ KGi] ev, 4sin2 = 1  sin2 = 4
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ  AÓ¡g AaÅvq: wòGKvYwgwZ 49
1
Avevi, cos2 = 1 – sin2 = 1 – 4 = 4
3 ‰Lb, x2 = 3, y2 = 7 nGj, Avgiv cvB, 3 cos2 + 7 sin2 = 4
ev, 3(1  sin2) + 7 sin2 = 4
3
cos2 4 3 4 ev, 3  3 sin2 + 7 sin2 = 4
2
Ô cot  = 2 = =  = 3 ev, 3 + 4 sin2 = 4 ev, 4 sin2 = 4  3
sin  1 4 1
4 1
ev, 4 sin2 = 1 ev, sin2 = 4
Ô cot =  3 (cÉgvwYZ)
1
M cÉkg² GZ, P = 6
  sin = 
2
[eMÆgƒj KGi]
ev, 7sin2 + 3cos2 = 6 ‘+’ wbGq, sin = 2
1
‘’ wbGq, sin =  2
1
ev, 7sin2 + 3(1 – sin2) = 6
  
ev, 7sin2 + 3 – 3sin2 = 6 ev, sin = sin 6 = sin   6 ev, sin =  sin 6
3
ev, 4sin2 = 3 ev, sin2 = 4  5 
= ,
6 6
ev, sin = sin + 6
3
Ô sin =  = sin2 

2
 6
3  
‘+’ wbGq, sin = = sin = sin –  ev, sin = sin 6 = sin 6
7 11
2 3  3
 2 7 11
Ô= , = ,
3 3 6 6
3    5 7 11
‘’ wbGq, sin = – = sin +  = sin2   = , , , (Ans.)
2  3  3 6 6 6 6
4 5
Ô= ,
3 3 cÉk²  149 XvKv ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 5
 2 4 5 A
Ô wbw`ÆÓ¡ mxgvi gGaÅ  ‰i gvbmgƒn: , , , (Ans.)
3 3 3 3
cÉk²  148 ewikvj ˆevWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 7 1
A = x cos ‰es B = y sin, ˆhLvGb 0 <  < 2.
A2 B2
K. x2 + y2 ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2  
B C
L. A + B = z nGj, cÉgvY Ki ˆh, 2
x +1
xsin  ycos =  x2 + y2  z2 4
M. x2 = 3, y2 = 7 ‰es A2 + B2 = 4 nGj,  ‰i gvb wbYÆq K. sin( + ) + cos( + ) ‰i gvb KZ? 2
Ki| 4 L. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK cÉgvY Ki ˆh,
148 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb (sin  cos)2 = 1  2 sin.cos. 4
1
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, A = x cos ‰es B = y sin
 M. x2 + 2 = 2 nGj,  ‰i gvb KZ?
x
4
A2 B2 (x cos)2 (y sin)2 149 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
cÉ`î ivwk = x2 + y2 = x2 + y2
x2 cos2 y2 sin2 K wPò ˆ^GK cvB, ABC ‰i A = 90

= + = cos2 + sin2 = 1 (Ans.)
x2 y2 Avgiv Rvwb, A
A + B + C = 180 1
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, A + B = z

ev, x cos + y sin = z ev,  +  = 180 – A 

ev, (x cos + y sin)2 = z2 [eMÆ KGi] ev,  +  = 180 – 90 B 2
C
  +  = 90 x +1
ev, x2 cos2 + y2sin2 + 2xy sin.cos = z2
cÉ`î ivwk = sin( + ) + cos( + )
ev, x2(1  sin2) + y2(1  cos2) + 2xy sin cos = z2
= sin 90 + cos 90
ev, x2  x2 sin2 + y2  y2cos2 + 2xy sin cos = z2 =1+0
ev, x2 + y2  z2 = x2sin2 + y2cos2  2xy sin cos = 1 (Ans.)
ev, x2 sin2 + y2cos2  2xy sin cos = x2 + y2  z2 L wPòvbymvGi cvB,
 A
ev, (x sin  y cos)2 = x2 + y2  z2
AC = 1 1
 x sin  y cos =  x2 + y2  z2 (cÉgvwYZ)
BC = x2 + 1
M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, A = x cos ‰es B = y sin
 ˆhGnZz BAC = 90  
C
B
‰LvGb, A2 + B2 = 4  AB = BC2 – AC2 x +12

ev, (x cos)2 + (y sin)2 = 4 = ( x2 + 1)2 – 12

ev, x2cos2 + y2sin2 = 4 = x2 + 1 – 1
50 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆUÕ¡ ˆccvim ˆgBW BwR: Dîicò  DœPZi MwYZ
= x2 150 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
=x
AC 1 K wPò ˆ^GK cvB,

‰Lb, sin = BC = 2 OM = x ‰es PM = y [ P we±`yi Õ©vbvâ (x, y)]
x +1
AB x OPM ‰ OMP = 90 Z
cos = = 2 P(x,y)
BC x +1 wc^vGMvivGmi Dccv`Å AbymvGi,
evgcÞ = (sin – cos)2 OP2 = OM2 + PM2
1 x 2 ev, OP2 = x2 + y2
= 2 – 2 O

 x +1 x + 1  OP = x2 + y2 M X
1–x 2
= 2  OP x2 + y2
 x + 1  sec =
OM
=
x
(Ans.)
(1 – x)2
= 2 x2 + y2
x +1
L wPò ˆ^GK cvB, sec =

WvbcÞ = 1 – 2sin.cos x
1 x 12 + ( 3)2
= 1 – 2. 2 .
x + 1 x2 + 1 ev, sec = 1
[ x = 1, y = 3]
2x
=1– 2 ev, sec = 4
x +1
x2 + 1 – 2x ev, sec = 2
=
x2 + 1 ev, sec = sec60 [‹ sec60 = 2]
1 – 2x + x2   = 60
=
x2 + 1 evgcÞ = sin3 = sin (3  60) = sin 180
(1 – x)2
= 2 = sin (2  90 + 0) = – sin 0 = 0
x +1
 (sin – cos)2 = 1 – 2sin.cos (cÉgvwYZ)
WvbcÞ = 3 sin   4 sin3 = 3 sin 60  4 sin360
3 3 3 3 3 3 3
M wPò ˆ^GK cvB, tan = AB = x

AC 1 = 3.  4.
2  2  = 2  4. 8
1 3 3 3 3
ev, tan2 = x2 =  =0
2 2
1 (cÉgvwYZ)
 sin3 = 3sin  4 sin3
‰LvGb, x2 + x2 = 2
1 M ‘K’ ˆ^GK cvB, OM = x, PM = y ‰es OP = x2 + y2

ev, tan2 + tan2 = 2 AwZfzR OP x2 + y2
1 + tan4
Avgiv Rvwb, cosec = jÁ¼ = PM = y
ev, tan2 = 2
f„wg OM x
ev, tan4 + 1 = 2tan2 cot =
jÁ¼ = PM = y
ev, tan4 – 2tan2 + 1 = 0
ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, x2 + y2 + x = 3y
ev, (tan2)2 – 2.tan2.1 + 12 = 0
x2 + y2 + x 3y
ev, (tan2 – 1)2 = 0 ev, y
=
y
[y «¼viv fvM KGi]
ev, tan2 – 1 = 0 x2 + y2 x
ev, tan2 = 1 ev, y
+ =
y
3
ev, tan = 1 [  mƒßGKvY, ZvB tan ‰i gvb abvñK wbGq] ev, cosec + cot = 3
ev, tan = tan45 1 cos
  = 45 (Ans.) ev, sin + sin = 3
cÉk²  150 ivRkvnx ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 5 1 + cos
Z ev, sin = 3
P(x, y)
ev, (1 + cos)2 = ( 3sin)2 [eMÆ KGi]
ev, 1 + 2cos + cos2 = 3 sin2
ev, 1 + 2cos + cos2  3(1  cos2) = 0
O  ev, 1 + 2cos + cos2  3 + 3cos2 = 0
X
M ev, 4cos2 + 2cos  2 = 0
K. sec-‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2 ev, 2cos2 + cos  1 = 0
L. x = 1, y = 3 nGj, cÉgvY Ki ˆh, ev, 2cos2 + 2cos  cos  1 = 0
sin3 = 3sin  4sin3. 4 ev, 2cos(cos + 1)  1(cos + 1) = 0
M. x2 + y2 + x = 3y nGj,  ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4 ev, (cos + 1)(2cos  1) = 0
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ  AÓ¡g AaÅvq: wòGKvYwgwZ 51
nq, cos + 1 = 0 A^ev, 2cos – 1 = 0 ev, sin – 2 = – cos
1 ev, (sin – 2)2 = (– cos)2
ev, cos  = 1 ev, cos  =
2
ev, sin2 – 2 2 sin + 2 = cos2
ev, cos  = cos 180 ev, cos  = cos60   = 60
ev, sin2 – 2 2 sin + 2 = 1 – sin2
  = 180, hv MÉnYGhvMÅ bq, KviY  mƒßGKvY|
ev, 2sin2 – 2 2sin + 1 = 0
 wbGYÆq gvb:  = 60 (Ans.)
cÉk²  151 w`bvRcyi ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 5 ev, ( 2sin – 1)2 = 0
N ev, 2sin – 1 = 0
ev, 2sin = 1
1
 ev, sin =
wPGò O e†îwUi ˆK±`Ê O M 2
P
‰es OM = Pvc MN ev, sin = sin45
  = 45 (Ans.)
K.  ˆK wWwMÉGZ cÉKvk Ki| 2 cÉk²  152 KzwgÍÏv ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 5
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh,  ‰KwU aË‚e ˆKvY| 4
Z
PN OP
M.  ‰i ˆKvb gvGbi RbÅ ON + ON = 2 nGe, ˆhLvGb 0
A
<  < 2π Zv wbYÆq Ki| 4 b
151 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb a
K cÉ`î wPGò  ‰KwU ˆiwWqvb ˆKvY
  B
C X
Avgiv Rvwb, c = 180
180  K. sec-‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2
1c =   L. a = 1 ‰es b = 2 nGj, cÉgvY Ki ˆh,

180  cos3 = 4cos3 – 3cos 4
 c = 
   (Ans.) M. a + b – a = 2b nGj,  ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki|
2 2
4
A 152 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
L weGkl wbeÆPb: ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,
 N
OM = Pvc MN| myZivs O ˆK±`ÊwewkÓ¡ K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, AB = a,
 Z
AMN e†Gî MON ‰KwU ˆiwWqvb  M AC = b A
O
ˆKvY| cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh MON ABC mgGKvYx wòfzGR 
5 D
A^Ævr  ‰KwU aË‚e ˆKvY| AC2 = AB2 + BC2
b
Aâb: OM ˆiLvsGki Dci OA jÁ¼ AuvwK| ev, BC2 = AC2  AB2 a
cÉgvY: OA jÁ¼ e†Gîi cwiwaGK A we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|  BC = b a2 2

1 r 
ZvnGj Pvc AM= cwiwai ‰K-PZz^Ævsk =  2r =
4 2 AC b
C
B
X
 sec  = = (Ans.)
‰es Pvc MN = OM = eÅvmvaÆ r BC b  a2
2

MON Pvc MN L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, a = 1 ‰es b = 2


=
AOM Pvc AM AB a 1
ABC-‰ cos = = = [‹ AB = a, AC = b]
Pvc MN r AC b 2
ev, MON =  AOM =  ‰K mgGKvY
Pvc AM r  
ev, cos = cos 3   = 3
2
[OA eÅvmvaÆ ‰es OM ‰i Dci jÁ¼] 
evgcÞ = cos 3 = cos 3.3 = cos =  1
2
= mgGKvY| 1 3 1
 WvbcÞ = 4 cos3  3 cos = 4.2   3.2
ˆhGnZz, mgGKvY I  aË‚eK ˆmGnZz,  ‰KwU aË‚eK ˆKvY|  
(cÉgvwYZ) 1 3 1 3 13
= 4.  =  = =1
8 2 2 2 2
 cos3 = 4cos   3cos (cÉgvwYZ)
3
M wPGò OPN-‰ PN  OP
 N

 OPN = 1 mgGKvY M ‘K’ ˆ^GK cvB, BC = b2  a2


‰Lb OPN mgGKvYx wòfzGR O

M ABC- ‰ sin = AC
BC
P
PN OP
sin =
ON
‰es cos = ON N
b2  a2
PN OP  sin= [ AC = b]
b
ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, ON + ON = 2 AB a
‰es cos = AC = b [ AB = a]
ev, sin + cos = 2
52 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆUÕ¡ ˆccvim ˆgBW BwR: Dîicò  DœPZi MwYZ
ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, a + b2 – a2 = 2b M ABC-‰ B = 90
 C

a b –a 2
2b2
‰es C =  = 30 [‘L’ ˆ^GK cÉvµ¦]
ev, b + b
=
b  A + B + C = 180 

ev, cos + sin = 2 ev,  + 90 + 30 = 180

ev, cos = 2  sin ev,  = 180  (90 + 30) B

A
ev, cos2 = 2  2 2 sin + sin2   = 60
ev, 1  sin2 = 2  2 2 sin + sin2 3
 sin2 = sin(2  60) = sin(90 + 30) = cos30 =
ev, 2sin2  2 2sin + 1 = 0 2
ev, ( 2sin  1)2 = 0 3 1 3
1
Avevi, 2sin cos = 2sin60.cos60 = 2. 2 . 2 = 2
ev, sin =
2 2tan 2 tan60 2. 3
‰es 1 + tan2 = 1 + tan260 =
ev, sin = sin45 1 + ( 3)2
  = 45(Ans.)
2 3 2 3 3
== =
cÉk²  153 PëMÉvg ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 5 1+3 4 2
A 2 tan

 sin2 = 2sin.cos =
1 + tan2
(ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
cÉk²  154 wmGjU ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 5
B

3 1
B C

K. – 700 ‰i AeÕ©vb ˆKvb PZzfÆvGM AvGQ, wPòmn wbYÆq A C
O
Ki| 2
AC 2 AB 5 2
L. BC  + BC  = 3 nGj  ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4
    D
M. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK ˆ`LvI ˆh,
2tan ˆKw±`ÊK e†Gî ABCD ‰KwU A¯¦wjÆwLZ PZzfÆyR|
sin2 = 2sincos =
1 + tan2
4 O
K.  ‰i e†îxq gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2
153 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
Y
L. ABC ‰i ˆÞGò ˆ`LvI ˆh,
K  700 =  630  70
 cos(B + C) = cosB cosC – sinB sinC. 4
=  7  90  70
 700 ˆKvYwU FYvñK ˆKvY M. ABCD hw` ‰KwU e†îvKvi PvKv nq ‰es PvKvwU cÉwZ
nIqvq Nwoi KuvUvi w`GK 7 X X ˆmGKG´£ 10 evi AvewZÆZ nq, ZvnGj PvKvwUi MwZGeM
mgGKvY Nyivi ci ‰KB w`GK –700 N¥Ÿvq KZ nGe? 4
AviI 70 ˆKvY NyiGZ nGqGQ| 154 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
Y
  700 ˆKvYwUi AeÕ©vb cÉ^g PZzfÆvGM| (Ans.) AB
AC K DóxcGKi wPò ˆ^GK cvB, tan ACB = BC

L DóxcK ˆ^GK cvB,
 sec =
BC
A 3
jÁ¼ AB ev, tan = 1 ev, tan = 3
tan =
f„wg = BC ev, tan = tan 60   = 60
AC 2 AB 2 5
ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, BC  + BC  = 3 
Avgiv Rvwb, 1 = 180 ˆiwWqvb
    
5 B
ev, sec  + tan2 = 3
2 C
 60 =
  60 
= ˆiwWqvb (Ans.)
180 3
5
ev, 1 + tan  + tan  = 3
2 2
L DóxcK ‰i wPò ˆ^GK cvB,

ev, 3 + 6 tan2 = 5 ABC-‰i, B = ‰K mgGKvY = 90
ev, 6tan2 = 2 ‰es C = 60 [‘K’ ˆ^GK cÉvµ¦]
2
ev, tan2 = 6 evgcÞ = cos(B + C) = cos(90 + 60) =  sin60 =  2
3
1 1
ev, tan2 = 3 ev, tan =  WvbcÞ = cosB cosC  sinB sinC
3
tan ‰i abvZ½K wPn× wbGq cvB, = cos90.cos60  sin90.sin60
1 3 3
tan = = tan30 [‹  mƒßGKvY] = 0.cos60  1. = 
2 2
3
  = 30 (Ans.)  cos (B + C) = cosB cosC  sinB sinC. (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ  AÓ¡g AaÅvq: wòGKvYwgwZ 53
M DóxcK ˆ^GK cvB, AB = 3 ‰KK ‰es BC = 1 ‰KK
 ev, 4cos2 = 3
3
 AC = AB2 + BC2 = ( 3)2 + (1)2 = 3+1= 4=2 ev, cos2 = 4
myZivs e†îvKvi PvKvi eÅvm = AC = 2 ‰KK 1 3 1
2 ev, sec2 = 4 [ cos = sec]
 ” ” eÅvmvaÆ, r = 2 ‰KK = 1 ‰KK
4
ev, sec2 = 3
 e†îvKvi PvKvwUi cwiwa = 2r ‰KK
= 2  3.1416  1 ‰KK 4
ev, 1 + tan2 = 3
= 6.2832 ‰KK 4
Avgiv Rvwb, ev, tan2 = 3  1
e†îvKvi PvKv 1 evi NyGi Zvi cwiwai mgvb `ƒiZ½ AwZKÌg KGi| ev, tan2 = 3
43
 PvKvwU 1 ˆmGKG´£ AwZKÌg KGi 10  6.2832 ‰KK `ƒiZ½
1
 PvKvwU 1 N´Ÿv ev 3600 ˆmGKG´£ AwZKÌg KGi ev, tan2 = 3
(10  6.2832  3600) ” = 226195.2 ” 1
 tan =  (cÉgvwYZ)
myZivs PvKvwUi MwZGeM N´Ÿvq 226195.2 ‰KK| (Ans.) 3

cÉk²  155 hGkvi ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 5 cÉk²  156 ewikvj ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 5
P = a cos ‰es Q = bsin. sin − cos + 1
gGb Ki, P = sin + cos − 1 ‰es Q = sec + tan
P2 Q2
K. a2 + b2 ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2 K. tan10x = cot5x nGj, x ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2
L. P − Q = c nGj, cÉgvY Ki ˆh, L. ˆ`LvI ˆh, P = Q 4
asin + bcos =  a2 + b2 − c2. 4 M. hw` Q = 3 ‰es 0 <  < 2 nq, ZGe  ‰i gvb wbYÆ q
M. a2 = 3, b2 = 7 ‰es Q2 + P2 = 4 nGj, Ki| 4
1 156 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
cÉgvY Ki ˆh, tan =  4 
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, tan10x = cot5x
3
155 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb ev, tan10x = tan(90 – 5x)
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, P = a cos ‰es Q = b sin
 ev, 10x = 90 – 5x
P2 Q2 ev, 10x + 5x = 90
cÉ`î ivwk = a2 + b2 ev, 15x = 90
(a cos)2 (b sin)2  x = 6 (Ans.)
= +
a2 b2 sin – cos + 1
L
 ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, P = sin + cos – 1
a cos  b sin2
2 2 2
= +
a2 b2 sin cos 1 
cos
2 2
= cos  + sin  cos – cos + cos
=
= 1 (Ans.) sin cos 1 
cos 
L ˆ`Iqv
 AvGQ, P  Q = c cos + cos – cos
ev, a cos  b sin = c tan – 1 + sec
=
tan + 1 – sec
ev, (a cos  b sin)2 = c2 [eMÆ KGi]
tan + sec – (sec2 – tan2)
ev, a2cos2  2.a cos.b sin + b2sin2 = c2 =
1 – sec + tan
ev, a2(1  sin2)  2ab cossin + b2(1  cos2) = c2 sec + tan – (sec + tan)(sec – tan)
=
ev, a2  a2sin2  2ab cossin + b2  b2cos2 = c2 1 – sec + tan
ev, a2 + b2  c2 = a2sin2 + 2.a sin.b cos + b2cos2 =
(sec + tan) (1 − sec + tan)
1 − sec + tan
ev, a2 + b2  c2 = (a sin + b cos)2
= sec + tan
ev, (a sin + b cos)2 = a2 + b2  c2
= Q [ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, Q = sec + tan]
 a sin + b cos =  a2 + b2  c2 (cÉgvwYZ)
 P = Q (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, a2 = 3

b2 = 7 M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, Q = sec + tan

‰es Q + P = 4
2 2
kZÆgGZ, Q = 3
‰Lb, Q2 + P2 = 4 ev, cosec + cot = 3 [ Q = 3]
ev, b2sin2 + a2cos2 = 4 [ˆ`Iqv AvGQ] ev, cosec = 3 – cot
ev, 7sin2 + 3cos2 = 4 [a2 I b2 ‰i gvb ewmGq]
ev, cosec2 = 3 – 2 3 cot + cot2
ev, 7(1  cos2) + 3cos2 = 4
ev, 7  7cos2 + 3cos2 = 4 ev, 1 + cot2 – 3 + 2 3cot – cot2 = 0
54 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆUÕ¡ ˆccvim ˆgBW BwR: Dîicò  DœPZi MwYZ
ev, 2 3 cot – 2 = 0 ‰Lb, (i) bs ˆ^GK, sec + cos = 2
5
2 1
ev, cot = ev, cot = 1 5
2 3 3 ev, cos + cos  = 2
   4
ev, cot = cot 3 = cot  + 3 = cot 3 = cot 3 1 + cos2 5
ev, cos = 2
 4
= , ev, 2cos2 + 2 = 5cos
3 3
4
wK¯§,  = 3 ‰i RbÅ cÉ`î mgxKiYwU wm«¬ nq bv| ev, 2cos2  5cos + 2 = 0
ev, 2cos2  4cos  cos + 2 = 0

 wbGYÆq mgvavb,  = (Ans.)
3
ev, 2cos (cos  2)  1 (cos  2) = 0
 (2cos  1) (cos  2) = 0
cÉk²  157 XvKv ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 5 nq, 2cos  1 = 0 A^ev, cos  2 = 0
B ev, 2cos = 1  cos = 2
3
1 1
 ev, cos =
2
A C
O

ev, cos = cos 3
D
DGÍÏwLZ wPGòi AvGjvGK wbGÁ²i cÉGk²i Dîi `vI: =

3
K. wPGò O e†Gîi ˆK±`Ê nGj AC wbYÆq Ki| 2
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, tanA + tanB + tanC + tanD = 0. 4 wK¯§, cos  2 KviY, cos ‰i gvb 1 AGcÞv e†nîi nGZ
M. sec + cos = x nGj x-‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki I cvGi bv|

mgxKiYwUi mgvavb Ki| 4  wbGYÆq mgvavb,  = 3 (Ans.)
157 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
cÉk²  158 ivRkvnx ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 5
K wPGò B ˆKvYwU AaÆe†îÕ© ˆKvY|
 A
Avgiv Rvwb, AaÆe†îÕ© ˆKvY 1 mgGKvY|  B = 90
Avevi, ABC-‰ B = 90 1

 ABC mgGKvYx wòfzR|  

 cx^vGMvivGmi Dccv`Å AbymvGi, AC2 = AB2 + BC2 B C
x2 + 1
ev, AC2 = ( 3)2 + 12 K. sin( + ) ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2
ev, AC2 = 3 + 1 L. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK ˆ`LvI ˆh, (sin + cos) = 1 + 2
2

ev, AC2 = 4 sin.cos 4

 AC = 2 ‰KK (Ans.)
M. x + x + 1 = 3 nGj,  ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki|
2
4
L O ˆK±`Ê wewkÓ¡ ABCD e†Gî ABCD PZzfÆyRwU A¯¦wjÆwLZ|
 158 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
 A + C = 180 [e†Gî A¯¦wjÆwLZ PZyfzÆGRi wecixZ
K cÉ`î Z^ÅvbymvGi, ABC-‰ A = 90, B =  ‰es C = 

ˆKvY«¼Gqi mgwÓ¡ 180]  A + B + C = 180
‰es B + D = 180 ev, 90 +  +  = 180
‰Lb, evgcÞ = tanA + tanB + tanC + tanD ev,  +  = 180  90
= tanA + tan(180  D) + tan (180  A) + tanD
  +  = 90
= tanA + tan(2  90  D) + tan (2  90  A) + tanD
 sin( + ) = sin90 = 1 (Ans.)
= tanA  tanD  tanA + tanD [‹ 2q PZz^ÆfvGM tan FYvñK]
= 0 = WvbcÞ L cÉ`î Z^ÅvbymvGi, AB = ( x2 + 1)2  12 = x

(cÉgvwYZ) x 1
 tanA + tanB + tanC + tanD = 0  sin = ‰es cos =
x2 + 1 x2 + 1
M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, sec + cos = x ... ... ... ... (i)
 x 1 2
AC 2  evgcÞ = (sin + cos)2 =  2 + 2 
‰LvGb, sec = BC = 1 = 2 [ AC = 2 ‰es BC = 1]  x + 1 x + 1
x + 1 2 (x + 1)2
BC 1 = 2  = 2
Avevi, cos = AC = 2  x + 1 x + 1
x 1
sec ‰es cos ‰i gvb (i) bs ‰ ewmGq cvB, WvbcÞ = 1 + 2sin.cos = 1 + 2. .
1 4+1 5 x2 + 1 x2 + 1
2 + = x ev, =x x= 2x x2 + 1 + 2x (x + 1)2
2 2 2 =1+ 2 = = 2
5 x +1 x2 + 1 x +1
 wbGYÆq x ‰i gvb
2  (sin + cos)2 = 1 + 2sin.cos (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ  AÓ¡g AaÅvq: wòGKvYwgwZ 55
1
M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, x + x2 + 1 = 3
 myZivs (cosec – cot)2 = cosec – cot
x 3
ev, 2 +1= 2 =
–5 4
– =
–5 – 4
x +1 x +1 3 3 3
[Dfq cÞGK x2 + 1 «¼viv fvM KGi] =
–9
= –3 (Ans.)
ev, sin + 1 = 3 cos [‘L’ nGZ cvB] 3
4 5
ev, sin(90  ) + 1 = 3 cos(90  ) [‘K’ nGZ cvB] M
 ‘K’ I ‘L’ nGZ, cos = –5 , sec = – 4
ev, cos + 1 = 3 sin 3 3
sin = – ‰es tan =
ev, cos2 + 2cos + 1 = ( 3 sin)2 5 4
[DfqcÞGK eMÆ KGi cvB] sin + cos(–)
myZivs, sec(–) + tan
ev, cos2 + 2cos + cos2 + sin2 = 3sin2 sin + cos
ev, 2cos2 + 2cos = 2sin2 =
sec + tan
[ cos(–) = cos, sec(–) = sec]
ev, cos2 + cos = sin2 [2 «¼viv fvM KGi] – –
3 4 –3 – 4 –7
ev, cos2 + cos = 1  cos2 5 5 5 5 7 4 14
= = = =  =
5 3 –5 + 3 –2 5 2 5
ev, 2cos2 + cos  1 = 0 – +
4 4 4 4
ev, 2cos2 + 2cos  cos  1 = 0 sin + cos(–) 14
 = (cÉgvwYZ)
ev, 2cos (cos + 1)  1(cos + 1) = 0 sec(–) + tan 5
 (cos + 1) (2cos  1) = 0 cÉk²  160 KzwgÍÏv ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 5
nq, cos = 1 A^ev, 2cos = 1 A
1
ev, cos = cos180 ev, cos = 2
P(x,y)
  = 180 ev, cos = cos60 r
y
  = 60

 = 180 MÉnYGhvMÅ bq| KviY,  mƒßGKvY| O
x M
X
  = 60 (Ans.) K. x = y nGj cÉgvY Ki ˆh, r = 2x. 2
cÉk²  159 w`bvRcyi ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 5 L. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK cÉgvY Ki ˆh, sce2 – tan2 = 1. 4
2
3 M. 22y 2 – 3x = 0 nGj  ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki|
tan = ‰es cos FYvñK| x +y 2
x +y2
4

K. sec ‰i gvb KZ? 2 (hLb 0 <  < ). 4
2
1 160 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
L. (cosec – cot) ‰i
2 gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4 
K POM mgGKvYx wòfzGR, OP2 = OM2 + PM2
M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, sin + cos (–) = 14 4 ev, r2 = x2 + y2 P
sec (–) + tan 5
ev, r2 = x2 + x2 [‹ x = y]
159 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb ev, r2 = 2x2
r y
3
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, tan = 4 ‰es cos FYvñK
  r = 2 x (cÉgvwYZ) 
O x M
1
Avgiv Rvwb, sec = cos L POM ‰KwU mgGKvYx wòfzR|

=
1
[ˆhGnZz, cos FYvñK] hvi f„wg, OM = x; jÁ¼, PM = y ‰es AwZfyR, OP = r
–
AB cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, sec2  tan2 = 1 A
AC wPò ˆ^GK Avgiv cvB, P(x, y)
AC –5 AwZfzR r
=– =
AB 4 sec = =
–5
f„wg x r y
 sec =
4
(Ans.) jÁ¼ y
tan = =
BC –3 f„wg x 
L ‘K’ nGZ, sin = AC = 5
 r 2
O x M
X
  yx 
2
 sec2  tan2 = 
[ˆhGnZz, tan abvñK, ZvB sin I cos DfGqB FYvñK nGe] x
   
Avgiv Rvwb, =
r2 y2 r2  y2
 =
1 1 –5
C x2 x2 x2
cosec = = = 32 + 4 2 = 5
2
x +y y2 2
sin –3 3
5
3
=
x2
[‘K’ nGZ cvB, r2 = x2 + y2]
 2
1 1 4 x
Avevi, cot = tan = 3 = 3 B 4 A = 2 =1
x
4  sec2  tan2 = 1 (cÉgvwYZ)
56 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆUÕ¡ ˆccvim ˆgBW BwR: Dîicò  DœPZi MwYZ
jÁ¼ y y M ‘L’ ˆ^GK cvB, cos = a2 + 1

a2  1
M wPò ˆ^GK Avgiv cvB, sin = AwZfyR = r =
 [‘K’ nGZ]
x + y2
2

f„wg  sin = 1  cos2

x x
cos = = = 2 2 [‘K’ nGZ] 2
AwZfzR r x +y = 1
a  1 2

2y 2
3x a2 + 1
ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, x2 + y2  =0 a4  2a2 + 1
x2 + y2 = 1
y a4 + 2a2 + 1
  3 2x 2 = 0
2
ev, 2 a4 + 2a2 + 1  a4 + 2a2  1
 x +y
2 2
x +y =
a4 + 2a2 + 1
ev, 2sin2  3cos = 0
4a2 2a
ev, 2(1  cos2)  3cos = 0 = =
(a2 + 1)2 a2 + 1
ev, 2  2cos2  3cos = 0 evgcÞ = (a2 + 1)cos + (a2 + 1)sin
ev, 2cos2 + 3cos  2 = 0 = (a2 + 1) (cos + sin)
ev, 2cos2 + 4cos  cos  2 = 0  2cos  1 = 0 a2  1 2a 
ev, 2cos = 1 = (a2 + 1)  2
ev, 2cos(cos + 2)  1(cos + 2) = 0 a + 1 + a2 + 1
ev, (cos + 2) (2cos  1) = 0 1 a2  1 + 2a
ev, cos = 2 = (a2 + 1)  2
 cos + 2 = 0  a +1 
 = a2  1 + 2a
ev, cos = 2 [hv MÉnYGhvMÅ bq, ev, cos = cos 3
= a2 + 2a + 1  2
KviY, 1  cos  1] 
  = (Ans.) = (a + 1)2  2
3
= WvbcÞ
cÉk²  161 PëMÉvg ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 5  (a + 1) cos + (a2 + 1) sin = (a + 1)2  2 (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
2

hw` cot + cosec = a nq cÉk²  162 wmGjU ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 5

K. cosec – cot ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2 A
2
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, cos = a2 – 1 4
a +1 
–
M. ˆ`LvI ˆh, (a2 + 1) cos + (a2 + 1) sin = (a + 1)2 – 2 4 2
161 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
5
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, cot + cosec = a

ev, (cosec + cot) (cosec  cot) = a.(cosec cot) 
ev, cosec2  cot2 = a.(cosec  cot) B 12 C
ev, 1 = a(cosec  cot) [ cosec2 – cot2 = 1] K. 2.0071c ˆK wWMÉxGZ cÉKvk Ki| 2
1 L. mKj AbycvGZi gvbGK abvñK weGePbvq wbGq
 cosec  cot = (Ans.)
a
DóxcGKi wfwîGZ sin(–) + cos(–) ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, cot + cosec = a
 sec(–) + tan
2
a 1 2 2 2
(cot + cosec)  (cosec   cot ) M. wbRÕ¼ wPò eÅenvi KGi ‰i A wPwn×Z ˆKvGYi
WvbcÞ = a2 + 1 = (cot + cosec)2 + (cosec2  cot2)
wòGKvYwgwZK AbycvZmgƒn wbYÆq Ki| 4
[‹ cosec2  cot2 = 1] 162 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
cot  + 2cot.cosec + cosec   cosec2 + cot2
2 2
= 2
cot  + 2cot.cosec + cosec2 + cosec2  cot2 K 2.0071c

2cot2 + 2cot.cosec 180 ˆKbbv 1c = 180
= = 2.0071 
2cot.cosec + 2cosec2    
cos2 cos . 1 = 114.998 = 115 (cÉvq) (Ans.)
2 2 +2
sin  sin sin A
= L wPò nGZ,

cos 1 1
2. . +2. 2 AB 5
sin sin sin  sin = =
AC 13 52 + 122 = 13
cos 1
2cos 2 + 2  BC 12 5
sin  sin  cos = =
AC 13
=
cos 1
2 2 + 2  1 1 13
sin  sin  sec = =
cos 12 12
= 
= cos = evgcÞ 13 B 12 C

a2  1 AB 5
 cos = 2
a +1
(cÉgvwYZ) tan = =
BC 12
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ  AÓ¡g AaÅvq: wòGKvYwgwZ 57
5 12 7 1 
sin() + cos() sin + cos
 +
13 13 13 Avevi, cosB = 2 = cos3
‰Lb, sec() + tan
=
sec + tan
=
13 5
=
18
+ 
12 12 12 B=
3
7 12 14
=  = (Ans.)
13 18 39 3 
cosD = = cos
2 6
M ABC ‰i ˆÞGò Avgiv cvB,

 x 
sin   = = cos C D=
6
2  r
 y
cos   = = sin  
evgcÞ = cos(B  D) = cos 3  6 = cos6 = 2
  3
2  r y
r x
 x
tan   = = cot WvbcÞ = cosB.cosD + sinB.sinD
2  y


2 1 3 3.1
x A y B x = . + [gvb ewmGq cvB]
2 2 2 2
y 3 3
= +
  4 4
‰KBfvGe, cosec   = sec, sec   = cosec
2  2  3+ 3
 =
4
‰es cot2   = tan (Ans.)
2 3 3
cÉk²  163 hGkvi ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 5 = =
4 2
A  cos(B  D) = cosB.cosD + sinB.sinD (cÉgvwYZ)
1 3
 
M ‘L’ ˆ^GK cÉvµ¦, B = 3 , D = 6

B D
 
cot + cosec  1
cotB + cosecB  1 3 3
evgcÞ =P=
cotB  cosecB + 1
=
 
C cot  cosec + 1
3 3
‰es P = cotB + cosecB – 1; Q = 1 + sinD 1 2 1+2 3
cotB – cosecB + 1 cosD
+ 1
K. ABCD e†îwUi eÅvmvaÆ wbYÆq Ki| 2 =
3 3
=
3
=
3 3
1 2
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, cos(B – D) = cosB cosD + sinB sinD. 4  +1 12+ 3 1+ 3
3 3 3
M. ˆ`LvI ˆh, P = Q| 4
163 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb 3 ( 3  1)
= = 3
K ABCD e†îwUGZ BAD ‰K mgGKvY
 3 1
 BAD AaÆe†îÕ© ˆKvY  1
1 + sin 1+
1 + sinD 6 2 3 2
myZivs, BD e†îwUi eÅvm WvbcÞ = Q = cosD = = =  = 3
 3 2 3
ABD-‰ cos
6 2
BD2 = AB2 + AD2
ev, BD2 = 12 + 32  P = Q (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
ev, BD = 1 + 3
cÉk²  164 ewikvj ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 5
 BD = 2
BD 2 A = 1 – sin, B = sec – tan ‰es C = 1 + sin.
 eÅvmvaÆ, r = = = 1 (Ans.)
2 2
K. ˆ`LvI ˆh, B = A sec 2
AB 1
L ABD-‰, cosB = BD = 2
 A
L. B = ( 3)–1 nGj,  ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki, ˆhLvGb 
3
AD 3 1 mħGKvY| 4
cosD = =
BD 2 D
B
AD 3 2 M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, AC–1 = B2 4
sinB = =
BD 2
AB 1 C
sinD = =
BD 2
58 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆUÕ¡ ˆccvim ˆgBW BwR: Dîicò  DœPZi MwYZ
164 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb ev, 2sin(sin – 1) – 1(sin – 1) = 0
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, A = 1  sin
 ev, (sin – 1) (2sin – 1) = 0
1 sin 1 – sin nq, sin = 1 = sin 2
 A^ev, 2sin – 1 = 0
B = sec – tan = – =
cos cos cos 1 
 ev, sin = 2 = sin 3
1   = [‰wU MÉnYGhvMÅ bq;
= (1 – sin). = A.sec [ A = 1 – sin] 2
cos 
 =
 B = A.sec (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) KviY,  mƒßGKvY] 3

L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, A = 1  sin, B = ( 3)

–1
 wbGYÆq mgvavb,  = 3 (Ans.)
1
ev, sec – tan = [ B = sec – tan] A
3 M evgcÞ = AC–1 = C

1 sin 1
ev, cos – cos = =
1 – sin
[ A = 1 – sin ‰es 1 + sin]
3 1 + sin
1 – sin 1 (1 – sin)(1 – sin) (1  sin)2
ev, cos = = =
3 (1 + sin)(1 – sin) 1  sin2
ev, 3 (1 – sin) = cos (1 – sin)2 1 – sin2
= =
cos2  cos 
ev, 3(1 – 2sin + sin2) = cos2 [eMÆ KGi]
1 sin  2
= = (sec – tan)2
ev, 3  6sin + 3sin2 = 1  sin2 cos – cos
ev, 4sin2  6sin + 2 = 0 = B2 [ B = sec – tan]
ev, 2sin2 – 3sin + 1 = 0 = WvbcÞ

ev, 2sin2 – 2sin – sin + 1 = 0  AC–1 = B2 (cÉgvwYZ)

AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ  beg AaÅvq: mƒPKxq I jMvwi`gxq dvskb 59

AaÅvq 9: mƒPKxq I jMvwi`gxq dvskb

ˆevWÆ cixÞvi cÉk² I mgvavb
cÉk²  100 XvKv ˆevWÆ-2021  cÉk² bs 2 L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, A = xyz

1
1
2x =
1
3y
1
= ‰es p = 
6z 3
1
23

23
1
‰es log6 A =  1 ev, A = 61 ev, A = 6
K. 2t
4 =2 t+1
nGj t ‰i gvb wbYÆq KGiv| 2 1
ev, xyz = 6  6xyz = 1 ... ... (i)
L. ˆ`LvI ˆh, x + y = z. 4
M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, 2p(p2 + 9p + 30) + 69 = 0. A 4 Avevi, x =
a 2b
2y =
3c
3z
100 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb a 2b a 3c
‰Lb, x = 2y ‰es x= 3z
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, 42t = 2t + 1
 1 1 1 1
ev, 24t = 2t + 1 ev, 4t = t + 1 ev, 4t  t = 1 ev, xa = (2y)2b ev, xa = (3z)3c
1 2b 3c
ev, 3t = 1  t = 3 (Ans.) ev, 2y = x a ev, 3z = x a
2b 3c
1 1 1 1 1
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,
 2x = 3y = 6z  y= . xa
2
 z = .x a
3
1 1 1 1
‰Lb, 2x = 6z ‰es 3y = 6z y I z ‰i gvb (i) bs-‰ ewmGq cvB,
2b
x y 1 1 3c
 2 = 6z ..............(i)  3 = 6z .................(ii) 6. x. . x a . . x a = 1
2 3
(i) I (ii) bs mgxKiY àY KGi cvB, 2b 3c a + 2b + 3c
x y x y
+ x+y ev, x1 + a + a = 1 ev, x = x0 a
2.3 = 6z
. ev, 6 =
6z 6z z ev, 6 = 1
6 z a + 2b + 3c
ev, = 0  a + 2b + 3c = 0 (cÉgvwYZ)
x+y a
ev, 1=
z
x+y=z (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) 8+x
1 1 M
 awi, y = F (x) = n 8  x
M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, p =
 23 

23 3
1 1 1 1 3 ˆhGnZz jMvwi`g ÷aygvò abvñK evÕ¦e msLÅvi RbÅ msævwqZ
ev, p + 3 = 23  23 ev, (p + 3)3 = 23  2 3  8+x
  nq, ˆmGnZz 8  x > 0 nGe hw` (i) 8 + x > 0 ‰es 8  x > 0 nq
1 1 1 1
ev, p3 + 33 + 3.p.3(p + 3) = 2  21  
3.23.2 3  23 

2 3  A^ev, (ii) 8 + x < 0 ‰es 8  x < 0 nq
 
1 1 1 kZÆ (i) nGZ cvB, x >  8 ‰es  x >  8  x <8
ev, p3 + 27 + 9p2 + 27p = 2  2  3(p + 3)  
‹ p + 3 = 23  2 3   ˆWvGgb = {x :  8 < x}  {x : x < 8}
 
3 = ( 8, )  ( , 8) = (8, 8)
ev, p3 + 27 + 9p2 + 27p = 2  3p  9 kZÆ (ii) nGZ cvB, x <  8 ‰es  x <8 x > 8
ev, 2p3 + 54 + 18p2 + 54p = 3  6p  18  ˆWvGgb = {x : x <  8}  {x : x > 8} = 
ev, 2p3 + 54 + 18p2 + 54p  3 + 6p + 18 = 0  cÉ`î dvskGbi ˆWvGgb,
ev, 2p3 + 18p2 + 60p + 69 = 0 Df = (i) I (ii) ‰ cÉvµ¦ ˆWvGgGbi msGhvM
 2p (p2 + 9p + 30) + 69 = 0 (cÉgvwYZ) = (8, 8)   = (8, 8)
8+x
cÉk²  101 gqgbwmsn ˆevWÆ-2021  cÉk² bs 3 ˆié: y = F(x) = n 8  x
8+x
i.
a 2b
2y = 3z ‰es log6A = 1
x=
3c ev, ey = 8  x
8+x 8 + x = 8ey  xey
ii. F(x) = ln
8x x + xey = 8ey  8
1 1 x (1 + ey) = 8 (ey  1)
K. ˆ`LvI ˆh, log pr + log rp = 1 2 8 (ey  1)
p r 2
x= y
e +1
L. A = xyz nGj, (i) nGZ cÉgvY Ki ˆh, a + 2b + 3c = 0 4
y ‰i mKj evÕ¦e gvGbi RbÅ x ‰i gvb evÕ¦e nq|
M. (ii) nGZ y = F (x) dvskbwUi ˆWvGgb I ˆié wbYÆq Ki| 4
 cÉ`î dvskGbi ˆié Rf = Ñ
101 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb ˆWvGgb, Df = (8, 8) ‰es ˆié Rf = Ñ (Ans.)
1 1
K evgcÞ = log pr + log rp = logpr p + logpr r
 cÉk²  102 ivRkvnx ˆevWÆ-2021  cÉk² bs 3
p r
i. m2 + n2 = 23mn
1 1
logpr pr = = WvbcÞ
= logpr pr = logkm logkn logkl
2 2 ii. = =
1 1 1 pq qr rp
 + = (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
log p pr log r rp 2 K. aa a
= (a a)a nGj a ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| B 2
60 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆUÕ¡ ˆccvim ˆgBW BwR: Dîicò  DœPZi MwYZ
L. (i) bs nGZ cÉgvY Ki ˆh, 1 1

m+n ev, aa a a = {(a a)a }a

logk   = 1 (logkm + logkn) A
5  2
4  
 1

M. (ii) bs nGZ cÉgvY Ki ˆh, ev, a = a a ev, a a = a1.a2

a

1 3
mp
2 + pq + q2
.nq
2 + qr + r2
.lr
2 + rp + p2
=1 4 ev, a a = a1 + 2 ev, a a = a2
102 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb 3 9
ev, a = 2  a = 4 (Ans.)
a
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, aa a = (a a)

1 1
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, A = logk (1 + 3x)  2 logkx ‰es A = 0

a
ev, aa a a = {(a a) }a ev, logk (1 + 3x)  2logk x = 0
  ev, logk (1 + 3x)  logk x2 = 0
1
ev, a = a a a
ev, a a = a1.a2 1 + 3x 1 + 3x
ev, logk  x2  = logk1 ev, x2 = 1 ev, x2 = 3x + 1
1 3  
ev, a a = 1+
a 2 ev, a a = a2
(3)2  4.1 (1)
 (3) 
ev, a = 2  a = 4 (Ans.)
3 9 ev, x2  3x  1 = 0  x = 2.1
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, m2 + n2 = 23mn
 3 9+4 3 + 13 3  13
ev, x = 2
ev, x=
2
,
2
ev, m2 + 2mn + n2 = 23mn + 2mn
3  13
ev, (m + n)2 = 25mn ev, (m + n)2 = (5 mn)2 wK¯§, x ≠ 2 KviY FYvñK gvGbi RbÅ logkx AmsævwqZ|
m+n
ev, m + n = 5 mn ev, = mn 3 + 13
5 x=
2
(ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
m+n
ev, logk  5  = logk mn 14  x 14  x
  M
 ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, y = 14 + x ‰es g(x) = lny = ln 14 + x
m+n 1
ev, logk  5  = 2 logk (mn) jMvwi`g ÷aygvò abvñK evÕ¦e msLÅvi RbÅ msævwqZ nq|
  14  x
m+n  > 0 nGe hw` (i) 14 + x > 0 ‰es 14  x > 0 nq
 logk   = 1 (log m + logk n) (cÉgvwYZ) 14 + x
 5  2 k A^ev (ii) 14 + x < 0 ‰es 14  x < 0 nq|
log a log b log c
M awi, ——
 k
——k
——k
(i) bs nGZ cvB, x >  14 ‰es  x >  14  x < 14
qr = rp =pq=m
ˆWvGgb = {x : x > – 14}  {x : x < 14}
 logka = m (q – r) = {( 14, )  ( , 14)} = ( 14, 14)
ev, (q2 + qr + r2) logka = m(q  r) (q2 + qr + r2) (ii) bs nGZ cvB, x <  14 ‰es  x <  14 : x > 14
2 2
 logkaq + qr + r = m(q3  r3) ... ... ... (i)  ˆWvGgb = {x : x <  14}  {x : x > 14} = 
Avevi, logkb = m (r – p)  g (x) dvskGbi ˆWvGgb,
ev, (r2 + rp + p2) logkb = m (r  p) (r2 + rp + p2) Dg = (i) I (ii) ‰ cÉvµ¦ ˆWvGgGbi msGhvM
2 2
 logkbr + rp + p = m(r3  p3) ... ... ... (ii) = ( 14, 14)   = ( 14, 14) (Ans.)
‰es logkc = m (p – q) cÉk²  104 KzwgÍÏv ˆevWÆ-2021  cÉk² bs 2
ev, (p2 + pq + q2) logkc = m(p  q) (p2 + pq + q2)
p2 + pq + q2
3 1 7+x
 logkc = m(p3  q3) ... ... ... (iii) m2 = 4+  2; m  0 ‰es f (x) = ln
3 7x
‰Lb, (i), (ii) I (iii) ˆhvM KGi cvB, 4
1 1 1
q2 + qr + r2 r2 + rp + p2 p2 + pq + q2
 logka + logkb + logkc K. ab + bc + ca = 0 nGj, xa + b + c ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2
= m(q3  r3) + m(r3  p3) + m(p3  q3) L. ˆ`LvI ˆh, 2m3 + 6m  3 = 0 A 4
2 2 2 2 2 2
ev, logk (aq + qr + r .br + rp + p . cp + pq + q ) = m ( q3 – r3 + r3 M. f (x) dvskbwUi ˆWvGgb ‰es ˆié wbYÆq Ki| A 4
– p3+ p3 – q3 )
2 2 2 2 2 2
ev logk (aq + qr + r .br + rp + p . cp + pq + q ) = 0 = log k1 104 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
2 2 2 2 2 2
 aq + qr + r .br + rp + p . cp + pq + q = 1 (cÉgvwYZ) K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, ab + bc + ca = 0

1 1 1 bc + ca + ab

cÉk²  103 w`bvRcyi ˆevWÆ-2021  cÉk² bs 3 ‰es cÉ`î ivwk = xa + b + c = x abc

0
i. A = logk (1 + 3x)  2 logkx = xabc [‹ ab + bc + ca = 0]
14  x = x0 = 1 (Ans.)
ii. y = 
14 + x ‰KwU dvskb| L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,

3
m2 = 4 +
1
 2; m  0
3
K. aa a = (a a)a nGj, a ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki|B 2 4
2 2
3 + 13
L. A = 0 nGj, ˆ`LvI ˆh, x = A 4 ev, m2 = 23 + 23  2
2 1 2 1 2 1 1
M. g(x) = lny nGj, g(x) ‰i ˆWvGgb wbYÆq Ki| A 4 ev, m2 = 23  + 23   2.23. 23
   
103 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb 1 1 2
ev, m = 23  2 3 
2 
a
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, aa a = (a a)
  
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ  beg AaÅvq: mƒPKxq I jMvwi`gxq dvskb 61
1 1
ev, m = 23  23 ev, m3 = 23  23 
1 1 3
M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, B = 4y  3.2y + 2 + 35

  cÉkg² GZ, B = 3
1 3 1 3 1 1 1 1
ev, m =    2  
3
23

3 3.23 .

23 23  23  ev, 4y  3.2y + 2 + 35 = 3
      ev, (22)y  3.2y.22 + 32 = 0
1 1
ev, m3 = 2  21  3m [‹ m = 23  23] ev, (2y)2  12.2y + 32 = 0
1 ev, x2  12x + 32 = 0 [awi, 2y = x]
ev, m3 = 2  2  3m ev, 2m3 = 4  1  6m
ev, x2  4x  8x + 32 = 0
 2m3 + 6m  3 = 0 (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) ev, x(x  4)  8(x  4) = 0
7+x
M awi,
 y = f (x) = n
7x
 (x  4)(x  8) = 0
nq, x  4 = 0 A^ev, x  8 = 0
jMvwi`g ÷aygvò abvñK evÕ¦e msLÅvi RbÅ msævwqZ nq| ev, x = 4 ev, x = 8
7+x
‰Lb, 7  x > 0 nGe hw` (i) 7 + x > 0 ‰es 7  x > 0 nq ev, 2y = 22 ev, 2y = 23
y=2 y=3
A^ev (ii) 7 + x < 0 ‰es 7  x < 0 nq|
 wbGYÆq gvb : y = 2, 3 (Ans.)
kZÆ (i) nGZ cvB, x >  7 ‰es  x >  7  x < 7
 ˆWvGgb = {x : x > – 7}  {x : x < 7} cÉk²  106 wmGjU ˆevWÆ-2021  cÉk² bs 2
2 2
= ( 7, )  ( , 7) = ( 7, 7) 
3x = 5y = (45)z ‰es P = 3 3
+ +2 33
kZÆ (ii) nGZ cvB, x <  7 ‰es  x <  7  x > 7
K. loga1728 = 6 nGj, a ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2
 ˆWvGgb = {x : x <  7}  {x : x > 7} = 
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, 9P3  54P2 + 81P  100 = 0 4
 cÉ`î dvskGbi ˆWvGgb,
M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, z1  y1 = 2x1 4
Df = kZÆ (i) I (ii) ‰ cÉvµ¦ ˆWvGgGbi msGhvM
= ( 7, 7)   = ( 7, 7) (Ans.) 106 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
7+x 7+x
ˆié: y = f (x) = n 7  x ev, ey = 7  x K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, loga 1728 = 6

ev, a6 = 1728 ev, a6 = 123
ev, 7 + x = 7ey  xey ev, x + xey = 7ey  7 1 1

7(ey  1) ev, a = (123)6 ev, a = 122

ev, x(1 + ey) = 7(ey  1)  x = ey + 1 1
ev, a = {(2 3)2}2
y ‰i mKj evÕ¦e gvGbi RbÅ x ‰i gvb evÕ¦e nq|  a = 2 3 (Ans.)
 cÉ`î dvskGbi ˆié R = Ñ (Ans.) 
2 2
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, P = 3 3 + 33 + 2

cÉk² 105 PëMÉvg ˆevWÆ-2021  cÉk² bs 2 2 2 2 2 3
ev, P  2 = 3 3 + 33 ev, (P  2)3 = 3 3 + 33 
 
a3 + a3  2  
A= 3 3 ‰es B = 4y  3.2y + 2 + 35
 2 3 2 3
ev, P3  23  3.P.2(P  2) = 3  +  

a2 +a 2 2 3 33
K. 5x.52 = (5x)2 nGj, x ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2    
2 2 2 2
+ 3.3 3.33 3 3 + 33 
3 3  

L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, A = + + 2. a2 a2 4  
M. B = 3 nGj, y ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4 ev, P  8  6P + 12P = 3 + 3 + 3(P  2)
3 2 2 2

105 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb 1

ev, P3  8  6P2 + 12P = 9 + 9 + 3P  6
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, 5x.52 = (5x)2 ev, 5x + 2 = 52x ev, x + 2 = 2x

ev, 2x  x = 2  x = 2 (Ans.) ev, 9P3  72  54P2 + 108P = 1 + 81 + 27P  54
ev, 9P3  54P2 + 108P  27P  72  28 = 0
 232   232  9P3  54P2 + 81P  100 = 0 (cÉgvwYZ)
a3 + a3  2 a  + a   2
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, A =
 3 3 = 3 3
a2 + a

2 2 a2 + a 2  2
 M gGb Kwi, 3x = 5y = (45)z = k

‰Lb, 3x = k  x = log3k
 23 322 3 3  3 32 5y = k  y = log5k
a + a   2.a2.a 2  2 a 2 + a2  2.1  2
= 3 3 = 3 3 ‰es (45)z = k  z = log45k
 
a2 + a 2  2 a2 + a 2  2 1 1 1 1
evgcÞ = z1  y1 = z  y = log k  log k [y I z ‰i gvb ewmGq]
 23 322  3 32 45 5
a + a   4 a 2 + a2  22 45
= 3 3 = 3 3 = logk45  logk5 = logk   = logk9
a2 + a 2  2

a2 + a 2  2

5 
= logk32 = 2.logk3
 23 32  32  23  3 3 2 2
a + a + 2a + a  2 2 2 = = [x ‰i gvb ewmGq]
= =a +a +2 log3k x
 23 32  = 2x1 = WvbcÞ
a + a  2
3

3  z1  y1 = 2x1 (cÉgvwYZ)
 A = a2 + a 2 + 2 (cÉgvwYZ)
62 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆUÕ¡ ˆccvim ˆgBW BwR: Dîicò  DœPZi MwYZ
cÉk²  107 hGkvi ˆevWÆ-2021  cÉk² bs 2 L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, a = 1 + logx(yz)

3 3 3 5+y = logxx + logx(yz) = logx(xyz)
A=p a+q b+r c ‰es F(y) = ln 5  y Abyi…cfvGe b = logy(xyz)
a a
K. a = (a a)a nGj, a ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2 ‰es c = logz(xyz)
1 1 1 1 1 1
L. A = 0 nGj, cÉgvY Ki ap3 + bq3 + cr3 = 3apqr, ‰Lb, + + = + +
a b c logx(xyz) logy(xyz) logz(xyz)
ˆhLvGb, a2 = bc. 4
M. F(y) dvskGbi ˆWvGgb wbYÆq Ki| 4 ev, ab + bc + ca = log(xyz)x + log(xyz)y + log(xyz)z
abc
107 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb ev, ab + bc + ca
= log(xyz)(xyz)
1 a 1 abc
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, aa a = (a a) ev, aa a a = {(a a) }a
a

  ev, ab + bc + ca = 1 ev, ab + bc + ca = abc
1 abc
ev, a = a a ev, a = a1.a2
a a
 abc = ab + bc + ca (cÉgvwYZ)
1 3
ev, a a = a1 + 2 ev, a a = a2 M

3 1
ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, p2 = 4 +  2; p  0
3 9 3
ev, a = 2  a = 4 (Ans.) 4
2 2
3 3 3 ev, p2 = 23 + 23  2
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, x  yz = 0 ‰es a x + b y + c z = 0
 2
1 2 1 2 1 1
3 3 3 ev, p2 = 23  + 23   2.23. 23
ev, a x =  (b y + c z)    
1 1 2
3 3
ev, (a x)3 = (1)3 (b y + c z)3 [Dfq cÞGK Nb KGi]
3 ev, p2 = 23  23 
 
3 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 3
ev, a3x =  {(b y)3 + (c z)3 + 3.b y.c z (b 3 y + c z)} ev, p = 23  23 ev, p3 = 23  23 
3 3
 
ev, xa3 =  {b3y + c3z + 3bc yz. ( a x)} 1 3 1 3 1 1 1 1
ev, p =    2  
3
23

3 3.23 .

23 23  23 
ev, xa =  {b y + c z  3abc xyz}
3 3 3 3      
1 1
3 ev, p3 = 2  21  3p [‹ p = 23  23]
ev, xa3 =  yb3  zc3 + 3abc x.x2 [ x2 = yz] 1
 xa3 + yb3 + zc3  3abcx = 0 (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) ev, p3 = 2  2  3p ev, 2p3 = 4  1  6p
M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, F(y) = n 5 + y
  2p3 + 6p  3 = 0 (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
5y
jMvwi`g ÷aygvò abvñK evÕ¦e msLÅvi RbÅ msævwqZ nq| cÉk²  109 ivRkvnx ˆevWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 2
5+y 1 1 1
myZivs, > 0 hw` (i) 5 + y > 0 ‰es 5  y > 0 nq A = q r + + ‰es loge(3 + x) = 2 logex.
5y y + y + 1 yr + yp + 1 yp + yq + 1
A^ev (ii) 5 + y < 0 ‰es 5  y < 0 nq 1
K. log 27 m = 33 nGj, m-‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2
kZÆ (i) nGZ cvB, y >  5 ‰es  y >  5  y < 5
 ˆWvGgb = {y : y > – 5}  { y : y < 5} L. p + q + r = 0 nGj cÉgvY Ki ˆh, A = 1. 4
= ( 5, )  (– , 5) 13 + 1
= (  5, 5) M. 2q mgxKiY nGZ cÉgvY Ki ˆh, x = 2
. 4
kZÆ (ii) nGZ cvB, y <  5 ‰es  y <  5  y > 5 109 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
 ˆWvGgb = {y : y <  5}  {y : y > 5} =  1 10
 cÉ`î dvskGbi ˆWvGgb, K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, log
 27
m=3
3
ev, log 27
m=
3
Dƒ = kZÆ (i) I (ii) ‰ cÉvµ¦ ˆWvGgGbi msGhvM 10
= ( 5, 5)   = (5, 5) (Ans.)  3 10
ev, m = ( 27) 3 = 32  3 = 35 = 243
cÉk²  108 hGkvi ˆevWÆ-2021  cÉk² bs 3  m = 243 (Ans.)
a = 1 + logx(yz), b = 1 + logy(zx), c = 1 + logz(xy) L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,

2 2
 1 1 1
‰es p2 + 2 = 23 + 2 3 A= + +
yq + y r + 1 yr + y p + 1 yp + y  q + 1
K. 2x + 3 + 2x + 1 = 320 nGj, x ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2 1 1 1
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, abc = ab + bc + ca 4 =
q 1
+ r +
y + y  p + 1 yp + y  q + 1
M. ˆ`LvI ˆh, 2p3 + 6p = 3 4 y + r+1
y
108 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb =
yr
+
1
+
1
1 + yr + y q + r 1 + yr + yq + r 1
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, 2x + 3 + 2x + 1 = 320
 p
y + q+1
y
ev, 2x.23 + 2x.2 = 320 ev, 8.2x + 2.2x = 320
320 [ p + q + r = 0  q + r =  p]
ev, 10.2x = 320 ev, 2x = 10 yr 1 yq
= + +
1 + yr + yq + r 1 + yr + yq + r yp + q + yq + 1
ev, 2x = 32 = 25  x = 5 (Ans.)
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ  beg AaÅvq: mƒPKxq I jMvwi`gxq dvskb 63
r q
y 1 y 1
= + +
1 + yr + yq + r 1 + yr + yq + r yr + yq + 1 ‰es r = (pqr)D ... ... (iii)
yr 1 yq (i)  (ii)  (iii) ˆ^GK cvB,
= r q+r + r q+r +
1+y +y 1+y +y 1 1 1 1
+ yq + 1
yr pqr = (pqr)B .(pqr)C .(pqr)D
yr 1 yq.yr 1 1 1
= r q+r + r q+r + + +
1+y +y 1+y +y 1 + yr + yq + r ev, (pqr)1 = (pqr)B C D
r q+r r q+r
y +1+y 1+y +y
= =
1 + yr + yq + r 1 + yr + yq + r
=1 ev, 1 + 1 + 1 = 1
B C D
 A = 1 (cÉgvwYZ)  B1 + C1 + D1 = 1 (cÉgvwYZ)
M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, loge(3 + x) = 2 logex
 cÉk²  111 mKj ˆevWÆ 2018  cÉk² bs 2
ev, loge(3 + x) = logex2 ev, 3 + x = x2 ev, x2  x  3 = 0 p = 1 + loga(bc), q = 1 + logb(ca), r = 1 + logc(ab) ‰es x2 + y2 = 7xy
1 1 1 1 2 13
ev, x2  2 . x . 2 + 4 = 3 + 4 ev, x  2 = 4 K. p1 ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2
  1 1 1
1 13 L. ˆ`LvI ˆh, p + q + r = 1. 4
ev, x =
2 2
[FYvñK msLÅvi jMvwi`g AmsævwqZ]
x+y 1
M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, log  3  = 2 (logx + logy) 4
ev, x=
13 1
+ x=
13 + 1
(cÉgvwYZ)  
2 2 2 111 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
cÉk²  110 KzwgÍÏv ˆevWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 3 K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, p = 1 + logabc
A = 2 logkx  logk(3 + x), B = 1 + logpqr, C = 1 + logqrp ‰es ev, p = logaa + logabc
D = 1 + logrpq. ev, p = logaabc
p q
K. C = 3 nGj, ˆ`LvI ˆh, q = r . 2 1
ev, =
1
p logaabc
1
L. A = 0 nGj, ˆ`LvI ˆh, x = 2 (1 + 13). 4  p1 = logabca [ logba  logab = 1] (Ans.)

M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, B1 + C1 + D1 = 1. L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, p = 1 + logabc

4 
110 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb ev, p = logaa + logabc
K C = 3 nGj, 1 + logqrp = 3
 ev, p = logaabc
ev, logq rp = 2 ev, rp = q2 ev, ap = abc
p q 1
ev, rp = q.q  q = r (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) ev, a = (abc)p... ... (i)
1
L A = 0 nGj, 2 logkx  logk(3 + x) = 0
 Abyi…cfvGe, b = (abc)q ... ... (ii)
ev, logkx2  logk (3 + x) = 0 1

x2 ‰es c = (abc) r ... ... (iii)

ev, logk
3+x
=0 (i)  (ii)  (iii) ˆ^GK cvB,
1 1 1
x2
ev, 3+x
= k0 = 1 abc = (abc)p .(abc)q .(abc) r
1 1 1
+ +
ev, x2 = 3 + x ev, (abc)1 = (abc)p q r
ev, x2  x  3 = 0 
1 1 1
+ + = 1 (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
p q r
( 1)  (1)2  4.1(3)
ev, x=
2.1 M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, x2 + y2 = 7xy

=
1  1 + 12 ev, x2 + y2 + 2xy = 7xy + 2xy [Dfq cGÞ 2xy ˆhvM KGi]
2 ev, (x + y)2 = 9xy
1 2
= (1  13 )
2 ev, (x + y) = xy
9
ˆhGnZz FYvñK msLÅvi jMvwi`g msævwqZ bq| x+y 2
1
ev,  3  = xy
 x = (1 + 13 ) (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)  
2 x+y 2
M
 ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, B = 1 + logpqr ev, log   = log (xy) [Dfq cGÞ log wbGq]
 3 
ev, B = logpp + logpqr ev, 2log 
x+y
 = log (xy)
ev, B = logppqr  3 
x+y
ev, pB = pqr ev, log   = 1 log (xy) = 12 (log x + log y)
1  3  2
ev, p = (pqr)B... ... (i) [ log (M  N) = log M + log N]
1 x+y 1
 log   = (log x + log y) (cÉgvwYZ)
Abyi…cfvGe, q = (pqr)C ... ... (ii)  3  2
64 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆUÕ¡ ˆccvim ˆgBW BwR: Dîicò  DœPZi MwYZ
cÉk²  112 XvKv ˆevWÆ 2017  cÉk² bs 2 L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, A = p2  33  3 3 + 2

2 2

P = xab, Q = xbc, R = xca

cÉkg² GZ, A = 0
K. log P  = 0 nGj, ˆ`LvI ˆh, b + c = 2a. 2 2 2 2 2
R ev, p2  33  3 3 + 2 = 0 ev, p2 = 33  2 + 3 3
1 1 1
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, + + =1 4 1 2 1 1 1 2
1 + Q + P1 1 + R + Q1 1 + P + R1 ev, p2 = 33  2.33 . 3 3 + 3 3 
M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, (c + a) log(PQ) + (a + b) log(QR)    
1 1 2
+ (b + c) log(PR) = 0 4 ev, p2 = 33  3 3 
112 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb  
1 1
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, P = xa  b, Q = xb  c, R = xc  a
 ev, p = 33  3 3
1 1 3
cÉkg² GZ, log  P  = 0 ev, p3 = 33  3 3  [Nb KGi]
R  
xa  b
ev, log  c  a = 0
1 3 1 3 1 1 1 1
ev, p3 = 33  3 3   3.33 .3 3 33  3 3 
x       
ev, log xa  b  c + a = log 1 [‹ log 1 = 0] 1 1 1 1
ev, x2a  b  c = 1 ev, p3 = 3  31  3.33

3 .p [‹ 3 3 33 =p ]
ev, x2a  b  c = x0 [‹x0 = 1] ev, p3 = 3  1  3.30.p
3
ev, 2a  b  c = 0  b + c = 2a (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
1
L evgcÞ =
 1
+
1
+
1 ev, p3 = 3   3p [‹ 30 = 1]
3
1 + Q + P1 1 + R + Q1 1 + P + R1
9  1  9p
=
1
+
1
+
1 ev, p3 =
3
1 + xb  c + (xa  b)1 1 + xc  a + (xb  c)1 1 + xa  b + (xc  a)1
[gvb ewmGq] ev, 3p3 = 8  9p
x b x c x a  3p3 + 9p = 8 (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
= + +
x (1 + xb  c + xb a) x  c (1 + xc  a + xc  b) x  a(1 + xa  b + xa  c )
b
M awi, y = ƒ(x) = ln(1 + x); x  0

x b x c x a
= b c a + c a b + a x ‰i KGqKwU gvb wbGq y ‰i gvb wbGÁ²i QGK ˆ`LvGbv nGjv:
x +x +x x +x +x x + x b + x c
b c a x 0 3 5 8 11
x +x +x
= a = 1 = WvbcÞ y 0 1.386 1.792 2.197 2.485
x + x b + x c
1 1 1 ‰Lb, QK KvMGR x-AÞ XOX ‰es y-AÞ YOY AuvwK|
 + + = 1 (cÉgvwYZ)
1 + Q + P1 1 + R + Q1 1 + P + R1 Dfq AÞ eivei Þz`ËZg eGMÆi cÉwZ evüi Š`NÆÅ 1 ‰KK aGi
M evgcÞ = (c + a) log(PQ) + (a + b) log(QR) + (b + c)log (PR)
 QGK cÉvµ¦ we±`yàGjv Õ©vcb KGi ˆhvM Kwi| ZvnGj, cÉvµ¦
= (c + a) log(xa  b . xb  c) + (a + b) log (xb  c . xc  a) eKÌGiLvB y = ƒ(x) = ln(1 + x) ‰i ˆjL|
+ (b + c) log (xa  b . xc  a) Y
ab+bc
= (c + a) log(x ) + (a + b) log(xb  c + c  a)
+ (b + c) log(xa  b + c  a)
= log x(a  c) (a + c) + log x(b  a) (b + a) + log x(c  b) (c + b)
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
= log (xa  c . xb  a . xc  b ) = log(xa  c + b  a + c  b )
= log x0 = log 1 [‹ x0 = 1] (8, 2.197)
(11, 2.485)
(5, 1.792)
= 0 [‹ log 1 = 0] = WvbcÞ (3, 1.386)
 (c + a) log(PQ) + (a + b) log(QR) + (b + c)log (PR) = 0
(cÉgvwYZ) X O(0, 0) 5 10 X
Y
cÉk²  113 wmGjU ˆevWÆ 2017  cÉk² bs 3
2 2 cÉk²  114 ewikvj ˆevWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 3
A = p  3  3 + 2 ‰es ƒ(x) = ln(1 + x); x  0.
2 3 3

K. (25)x = (125)y nGj, x : y ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2 x

a= y
b= zc
L. A = 0 nGj, ˆ`LvI ˆh, 3p3 + 9p = 8 4 K. a = c nGj, ˆ`LvI ˆh, x = z. 2
M. ƒ(x) ‰i eYÆbvmn ˆjLwPò Aâb Ki| 4 3 2 1 1
L. x = 1 , y = 1 nGj ˆ`LvI ˆh,  a  +  b  = +

2 3 a2 b 3. 4
113 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb 2 3  b  a
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, (25)x = (125)y
 M. abc = 1 nGj, cÉgvY Ki ˆh,
ev, (52)x = (53)y ev, 52x = 53y ev, 2x = 3y ev, x = 3 1
+
1
+
1
= 1. 4
y 2 p x + p y + 1 p y + pz + 1 p z + px + 1
 x : y = 3 : 2 (Ans.)
114 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ  beg AaÅvq: mƒPKxq I jMvwi`gxq dvskb 65
y z
1 p p
= + +
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, x a = y b = z c
 p y + z + py + 1 1 + p y + z + p y 1 + p x + z + pz
1 1 1 py pz
xa= z
c ev, ax = cz = y+ z y + y+ z y+ [∵ x + z =  y]
p + p + 1 1 + p + p 1 + p y + pz
1 1
ev, cx = cz [‹ a = c] 1 py pz
= y y+z + y y+z +
1+p +p 1+p +p 1
ev, 1 = 1 1 + y + pz
x z p
 x = z (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) 1 py py.pz
= + +
1 + p y + p y + z 1 + p y + p y + z p y + 1 + py . pz
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,
 1 py py + z
= + +
1 + py + p y + z 1 + py + p y + z 1 + py + p y + z
x
a= y
b = z c ev, x
a= yb 1 + py + p y + z
1 1 = = 1 = WvbcÞ
 = ax by 1 + py + p y + z
1 1 1 1 1
x= ,y= nGj Avgiv cvB, a2 = b3  x y + + = 1 (cÉgvwYZ)
2 3 p + p + 1 p y + pz + 1 p z + px + 1
3
 a = b2 cÉk²  115 wmGjU ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 2
2 4+x
a = xyp – 1, b = xyq – 1, c = xyr – 1 ‰es ƒ(x) = ln
Avevi, a2 = b3 ev, b3 = a2  b = a3 4–x
3 2
a b a 2 b 3
3 2
K. (16)2x = 4x + 1 nGj, x = KZ? 2
‰Lb, evgcÞ =  2   3 = 3  2
L. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK cÉgvY Ki ˆh,
b
  a
 
b 2 a 3
3 2
(q – r) logk a + (r – p) logk b + (p – q) logkc = 0. 4
a 2 b 3  3 2  4+x
=   a  b 2 , b  a 3  M. ƒ(x) = ln dvskGbi ˆWvGgb I ˆié wbYÆq Ki| 4
a b   4–x
3 2 115 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
1 1
= a2 b3 K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, (16)2x = 4x + 1

1 1
2

3 ev, (42)2x = 4x + 1
=a +b
ev, 44x = 4x + 1
= WvbcÞ
3 2 1 1
ev, 4x = x + 1

 a 2  b 3
     = a + b 3
2
(ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) ev, 3x = 1
b a 1
x= (Ans.)
3
M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, x a = y b = z c
 L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, a = xyp  1, b = xyq  1, c = xyr  1

 x
a= y
b ‰es y b = z c evgcÞ = (q  r)logka + (r  p)logkb + (p  q)logkc
1 1 1 1 = logkaq  r + logkbr  p + logkcp  q
ev, ax = by ev, by = cz = logk(xyp  1)q  r + logk(xyq  1)r  p + logk(xy r  1)p  q
x y = logkxq  r + logky(p  1)(q  r) + logkxr  p + logky(q  1)(r  p)
ev, a = by  b = cz + logkxp  q + logky(r  1)(p  q)

ev, a = c z
x
() y x
y
= logk(x .x .x ) + logk{y(p  1)(q  r).y(q 1)(r  p).
qr rp pq

y(r  1) (p  q)}
qr+rp+pq pq  pr  q + r + qr  pq  r + p + pr
 a = cz = logk(x ) + logk(y
 qr  p + q
)
cÉkg² GZ, abc = 1
x y = logkx0 + logky0 = logk1 + logk1 = 0 = WvbcÞ
cz . cz . c = 1  (q – r)logka + (r – p) logkb + (p – q) logkc = 0
ev, cz
x y
+ +1
z = c0 ev, x + y + 1 = 0 (cÉgvwYZ)
z z
M awi, y = ƒ(x) = n 4 + x

ev, x + y + z = 0 ev, x + y + z = 0 4x
z
ˆhGnZz, jMvwi`g ÷aygvò abvñK evÕ¦e msLÅvi RbÅ msævwqZ
 y + z =  x ‰es x + z =  y
nq, ˆmGnZz, 4 + x > 0 hw` (i) 4 + x > 0 ‰es 4  x > 0 nq
evgcÞ =  x 1 y +  y 1 z +  z 1 x 4x
p +p +1 p +p +1 p +p +1
1 1 1 A^ev (ii) 4 + x < 0 ‰es 4  x < 0 nq
= x + + kZÆ (i) nGZ cvB, x >  4 ‰es  x >  4
p + p y + 1 1 + pz + 1 1 + px + 1
py pz x<4
1 p y
pz  ˆWvGgb = {x :  4 < x}  { x : x < 4}
= x y + y z y+ x z z
p + p + 1 1 + p .p + p 1 + p .p + p = ( 4, )  (– , 4) = (  4, 4)
kZÆ (ii) nGZ cvB, x <  4 ‰es  x <  4
66 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆUÕ¡ ˆccvim ˆgBW BwR: Dîicò  DœPZi MwYZ
x>4 ev, 13 + 13 + 3 1  1 .1 =  13
 ˆWvGgb = {x : x <  4}  {x : x > 4} =  x y z x y z
 cÉ`î dvskGbi ˆWvGgb, 1 1
ev, 3 + 3  3
= 3
1
x y xyz z
Dƒ = kZÆ (i) I (ii) ‰ cÉvµ¦ ˆWvGgGbi msGhvM
1 1 1 3
= ( 4, 4)   = (4, 4)  3+ 3+ 3= (cÉgvwYZ)
x y z xyz
ˆié: y = ƒ(x) = n 4 + x
4x cÉk²  117 ewikvj ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 2
4+x
ev, e =
y
ev, 4 + x = 4ey  xey xa
x b
x c
4x P= , Q = c ‰es R = a
xb x x
ev, x + xey = 4ey  4 ev, x(1 + ey) = 4(ey  1)
y K. Q = 1 nGj, ˆ`LvI ˆh, b = c. 2
ev, x = 4(ey  1) L. ˆ`LvI ˆh, Pa + b – c. Qb + c – a. Rc + a – b = 1. 4
e +1
y ‰i mKj evÕ¦e gvGbi RbÅ x ‰i gvb evÕ¦e nq| M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, (a2 + ab + b2) logk P+(b2 + bc + c2)
 cÉ`î dvskGbi ˆié, Rƒ = Ñ logk Q + (c2 + ca + a2) logk R = 0. 4
Ans. ˆWvGgb, Dƒ = ( 4, 4) ‰es ˆié, Rƒ = Ñ 117 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
cÉk²  116 hGkvi ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 2 K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, Q = xc = xb–c

b

x
ax = by = cz, ˆhLvGb a ≠ b ≠ c.
p hw` Q = 1 nq, ZGe xb–c = 1
K. hw` Pp = (p p)p nq, ZGe p ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2 ev, xb–c = x0 ev, b – c = 0  b = c (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
L. hw` b2 = ac nq, ZGe cÉgvY Ki ˆh, 1 + 1 = 2. 4 
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, Pa+b–c. Qb+c–a. Rc+a–b
x y z
xa a+bc  xb b+c–a  xca c+a–b
M. abc = 1 nGj, cÉgvY Ki ˆh, 3 + 3 + 3 = 3 .
1 1 1
4 =
x y z xyz  b   xc 
x x 
116 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb = (xa–b)a+bc. (xb–c)b+c–a. (xc–a)c+a–b
2 2 2 2 2 2
K cvVÅeBGqi Abykxjbx-9.1 ‰i D`vniY-11 `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-202
 = xa +ab–ac–ab–b +bc. xb +bc–ab–bc–c +ac. xc +ac–bc–ac–a +ab
2 2 2 2 2 2
= xa –ac–b +bc. xb –ab–c +ac. xc –bc–a +ab
L cvVÅeBGqi Abykxjbx-9.1 ‰i D`vniY-12 `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-202
 a2–ac–b2+bc+b2–ab–c2+ac+c2–bc–a2+ab
=x
M awi, ax = by = cz = k [k a˂eK]
 = x0 = 1
1 1 1
 a = kx , b = ky ‰es c = kz  Pa+b–c.Qb+c–a.Rc+a–b = 1 (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)

ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, abc = 1 M (a2 + ab + b2) logkp + (b2 + bc + c2)logkQ


1 1 1 + (c2 + ca + a2)logkR
ev, kx . ky . kz = 1 xa xb
= (a2 + ab + b2) logk xb + (b2 + bc + c2) logk xc
1 1 1
+ +
ev, kx y z = k0 [ k0 = 1] xc
2 2
+ (c + ca + a ) logk xa
ev, 1 + 1 + 1 = 0 a–b b–c
x y z = (a2 + ab + b2) log x + (b2 + bc + c2) log x
k k
c–a
1 1 1 + (c2 + ca + a2) logkx
 + =
x y z = (a – b)(a + ab + b ) logkx + (b + bc + c2)(b – c) logkx
2 2 2

3 3 + (c2 + ca + a2)(c – a)logkx

Nb KGi cvB,  1 + 1  =   1  = (a – b ) logkx + (b – c ) logkx + (c3 – a3) logkx
3 3 3 3
x y  z = (a3 – b3 + b3 – c3 + c3 – a3) logkx
ev, 13 + 13 + 3 1 + 1  1 .1 =  13 = 0.logkx = 0
x y x yx y z  (a2 + ab + b2) logkP + (b2 + bc + c2)logkQ
+ (c2 + ca + a2) logkR = 0 (cÉgvwYZ)
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ  `kg AaÅvq: w«¼c`x weÕ¦‡wZ 67

AaÅvq 10: w«¼c`x weÕ¦‡wZ

ˆevWÆ cixÞvi cÉk² I mgvavb
cÉk²  119 w`bvRcyi ˆevWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 3 120 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
x
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, A =  1  3 
3 5 4

P = x +  ‰es Q = (1 + ax)6 `yBwU w«¼c`x ivwk, ˆhLvGb a  0. 

 x  
K. Q ‰i gaÅc` wbYÆq Ki| 2 cÅvmGKGji wòfyGRi mvnvGhÅ
L. cÅvmGKGji wòfzR eÅenvi KGi P ‰i weÕ¦‡wZ wbYÆq Ki| 4 1
M. Q ‰i weÕ¦‡wZGZ x2 ‰es x4 ‰i mnM ciÕ·i mgvb nGj 1 1
a ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4 1 2 1
119 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb 1 3 3 1
K cÉ`î w«¼c`x ivwk, Q = (1 + ax)6
 1 4 6 4 1
x 4
w«¼c`x ivwkwUi NvZ 6, hv ˆRvo msLÅv|  A = 1  
6  3
 gaÅc` nGe 2 + 1 ev, 4 Zg cG`i gvb| x
 + 6. x x x
2 3 4
  = 1 + 4. + 4.   +  
 cÉ`î weÕ¦‡wZi 4 ev (3 + 1) Zg c` = C3 (1) 6 63
(ax) 3  3   3  3  3
6.5.4 3 3 4 2 4 3 x4
= 3 3
a x = 20a x (Ans.) = 1  x + x2  x + (Ans.)
1.2.3 3 3 27 81

L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, P = x + x

3 5 L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, p = 1, q = 2

  B = (p + qx)6 = (1 + 2x)6
cÅvmGKGji wòfzGRi mvnvGhÅ cvB, ‰es C = (q  px)7 = (2  x)7
1
1 1
w«¼c`x DccvG`Åi mvnvGhÅ cvB
6 6 6
1 2 1 B = (1 + 2x)6 = 1 + 1 .2x + 2 .(2x)2 + 3.(2x)3
1 3 3 1   
1 4 6 4 1 6 6
1 105 10 5 1 + 4 (2x)4 + 5 (2x)5 + (2x)6
3 5 3 1 3 2
 
 P = x +  = x + 5.(x) .  + 10.(x)5  2. 
5 5  1
= 1 + 12x + 60x2 + 160x3 + 240x4 + 192x5 + 64x6
 x  x
  x 7 7
3 3 3 4 3 5 Avevi, C = (2  x)7 = 27 + 1.26.(x)1 + 2.25.(x)2
+ 10.(x)5  3.  + 5.(x)5  4.  +    
x    x
x
7 7 7
3 9 27
= x5 + 5x4 + 10x3 2 + 10x2 3 + 5x 4 + 5
81 243 + 3 .24. (– x)3 + 423(x)4 + 522(x)5
x x x x x   
270 405 243 7
5 3
= x + 15x + 90x + + 3 + 5 (Ans.) + 6 .2(x)6 + (x)7
x x x 
M w«¼c`x weÕ¦‡wZi mvnvGhÅ cvB,
 = 128  448x + 672x2  560x3 + 280x4  84x5 + 14x6  x7
Q = (1 + ax)6  BC = (1 + 2x)6(2  x)7
6 6 6 6 = (1 + 12x + 60x2 + 160x3 + 240x4 + 192x5 + 64x6)(128
= 1 +  1  ax +  2 (ax)2 +  3 (ax)3 +  4  (ax)4
         448x + 672x2  560x3 + 280x4  84x5 + 14x6  x7)
6 = 128 + 1088x + 2976x2 + 1104x3  7080x4  5748x5
+  5 (ax)5 + (ax)6 + 9662x6 + 5879x7  9924x8  60x9 + 4992x10  2928x11
 
= 1 + 6ax + 15a2x2 + 20a3x3 + 15a4x4 + 6a5x5 +a6x6 + 704x12  64x13
‰LvGb, x2 ‰es x4 ‰i mnM h^vKÌGg 15a2 ‰es 15a4.  x ‰i mnM 9662(Ans.)
6

cÉkg² GZ, 15a2 = 15a4 M


x 4
[we. `Ë. cÉk²vbymvGi A = 1.01 ev, 1  3 = 1.01 ‰i ˆÞGò x
ev, 1 = a2  
 a =  1 (Ans.) x 5
‰i gvb cvIqv hvq –0.00747 ‰es 1 + 3 = (0.9999)5 ‰i
cÉk²  120 ivRkvnx ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 2  
ˆÞGò x ‰i gvb cvIqv hvq – 0.0003| `yB ˆÞGò x ‰i gvb
x 4
A=1 , B = (p + qx)6 ‰es C = (q  px)7 x 5
 3 wf®² nIqvq A1 + 3 = 1.01  (0.9999)5 nGZ cvGi bv| x
 
K. cÅvmGKGji wòfzGRi mvnvGhÅ A ‰i weÕ¦‡wZ wbYÆq Ki| 2
L. p = 1, q = 2 nGj, BC ‰i weÕ¦‡wZGZ x6 ‰i mnM wbYÆq ‰i mãwZcƒYÆ gvb cvIqvi ˆÞGò 1.01  (0.9999)5 ‰i
Ki| 4 cwieGZÆ 1.01  (0.9999)4 aGi mgvavb Kiv nGjv]
x 5
 = 1  x3 1 + x3 1 + x3
4 4
x 5 A1 +
M. x-‰i NvGZi Ea»ÆKÌgvbymvGi A 1 +  ˆK x5 chƯ¦  3      
 3 
weÕ¦‡Z KGi 1.01  (0.9999) ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 5
4
68 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆUÕ¡ ˆccvim ˆgBW BwR: Dîicò  DœPZi MwYZ
x2 4 2
= 1 
9
 1 + x3 = 1 + x3 1  x9 4 = (1 x)1 +
6
1
px +
6.5 2 2 6.5.4 3 3
1.2
px +
1.2.3
p x + .....
       
w«¼c`x weÕ¦‡wZ eÅenvi KGi cvB, = (1 x)(1 + 6px + 15p2x2 + 20 p3x3 + ....)
2 4 = (1 + 6px + 15p2x2 + 20p3x3 + ... ...) + ( x  6px2 
1 + x3 1  x9  = 1 + x3 15p2x3  20p3x4 .......)
    
4 x2 1 4 x2 2 4 x2 3 x2 4  A = 1 + (6p  1)x + (15p2  6p)x2 + (20p3  15p2)x3 + ...
1 + 1 9  + 2 9  + 3 9  +  9   cÉkg² GZ, A = 1 + qx2 + ... ...
            
x 4 x4 x6 x8  1 + (6p – 1)x + (15p2 – 6p)x2 + (20p3 – 15p2)x3 + ... ...
= 1 +  1  x2 + 6  4 +  = 1 + 0.x + qx2 + ... ...
 3  9 81 729 6561 
x 4 2 2 4 4 6 x8
DfqcvGki x I x2 ‰i mnM mgxK‡Z KGi cvB,
= 1 +  1  x + x  x +  6p  1 = 0
 3  9 27 729 6561
1
4 2 4 6 x8 x 4 2  p = (Ans.)
6
= 1  x2 + x4  x + +  x3 + x5 + ...
9 27 729 6561 3 27 81 1 2 1
x x2 4 x 4 4 3 2 4 ‰es q = 15p2  6p = 15.6  6.6
 1 + 1   = 1 +  x2  x + x 
 3 9  3 9 27 27
1 5 7
2 5 = 15. 1= 1= (Ans.)
+ x + ...... 36 12 12
81 x 8
x M ˆ`Iqv
 AvGQ, B = (3  x) 1 + 2
‰LvGb, 1 + 3 = 1.01  
8 x 0 8 x 1 8 x 2 8 x 3
x = (3  x) 0 2  + 1 2  + 2 2  + 3 2  + .....
ev, 3 = 1.01 – 1  x = 0.03             
8 x 8.7 x2 8.7.6 x3
‰Lb, DÚ weÕ¦‡wZGZ x = 0.03 ewmGq cvB, = (3  x) 1.1 +  +  +  + ........
1 2 1.2 4 1.2.3 8
0.03  (0.03)24 0.03 4  
1 + 
3   1
9 
=1+
3
 (0.03)2
9 = (3  x)(1 + 4x + 7x2 + 7x3 + ..........)

4 2 2 = (3 + 12x + 21x2 + 21x3 + ..........) + ( x  4x2  7x3
– (0.03)3 + (0.03)4 + (0.03)5 + ........  7x4 – ......)
27 27 81
= 3 + 11x + 17x2 + 14x3 + ....................
ev, (1 + 0.01)(1  0.0001)4 = 1 + 0.01  0.0004  x 8
0.000004 + 0.0000000006 + ....  wbGYÆq weÕ¦‡wZ: (3  x)1 +  = 3 + 11x + 17x2 + 14x3 + ...
 2
ev, 1.01  (0.9999)4 = 1.009596001
‰LvGb,
 1.01  (0.9999)4 = 1.0096 (Pvi `kwgK Õ©vb chƯ¦) (Ans.)
3  x = 2.9
cÉk²  121 KzwgÍÏv ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 2  x = 0.1
x 8 ‰Lb DÚ weÕ¦‡wZGZ x = 0.1 ewmGq cvB,
A = (1 – x) (1 + px)6 ‰es B = (3 – x) 1 +  `yBwU w«¼c`x ivwk| 0.1 8
 2
(3  0.1)1 +  = 3 + 11  0.1 + 17  (0.1)2 + 14
 2
K. p = – 3 nGj, (1 + px)6 ˆK cÅvmGKGji wòfzGRi mvnvGhÅ
(0.1)3 +...
weÕ¦‡Z Ki| 2
ev, 2.9  (1.05)8 = 3 + 1.1 + 17  0.01 + 14  0.001 + .....
L. A = 1 + qx2 + ......... nGj p I q ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4 = 3 + 1.1 + 0.17 + 0.014 + ......
M. x ‰i NvGZi Ea»ÆKÌgvbymvGi B ˆK x3 chƯ¦ weÕ¦‡Z KGi = 4.284 (wZb `kwgK Õ©vb chƯ¦)
2.9  (1.05)8 ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4  2.9  (1.05)8 = 4.284 (Ans.)
121 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
cÉk²  122 PëMÉvg ˆevWÆ 2016  cÉk² bs 2
K cÅvmGKGji wòfyGRi mvnvGhÅ@

n = 0; 1 ˆKvGbv avivi n-Zg c` Un = (1 + x)n – 2 AaÅvq 7 I 10 ‰i mg®¼Gq
n = 1; 1 1 K. avivwU wbYÆq Ki| 2
n = 2; 1 2 1
n = 3;
L. x ‰i Dci wK kZÆ AvGivc KiGj avivwUi AmxgZK
1 3 3 1
n = 4; 1 4 6 4 1 cG`i mgwÓ¡ ^vKGe ‰es ˆmB mgwÓ¡ wbYÆq Ki| 4
n = 5; 1 5 10 10 15 M. avivwUi AÓ¡g c` wbYÆq Ki| DÚ cG`i weÕ¦‡wZGZ
n = 6; 1 6 15 20 15 6 1 gaÅcG`i gvb 540 nGj, x ‰i gvb KZ nGe? 4
 (1 + px)6 = (1  3x)6 [ p =  3] 122 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
= 1 + 6( 3x) + 15( 3x)2 + 20 ( 3x)3
+ 15( 3x)4 + 6( 3x)5 + 1( 3x)6
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,
= 1  18x + 135x2  540x3 + 1215x4  1458x5 n-Zg c`, Un = (1 + x)n  2
+ 729x6 (Ans.) 1
n=1 nGj, cÉ^g c`, U1 = (1 + x)1  2 = (1 + x) 1 = (1 + x)
L
 ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, A = (1  x)(1 + px)6
6 6 6 6 n=2 nGj, w«¼Zxq c`, U2 = (1 + x)2  2 = (1 + x)0 = 1
= (1  x) 0 (px)0 + 1 (px)1 + 2 (px)2 + 3 (px)3 +.....
         n=3 nGj, Z‡Zxq c`, U3 = (1 + x)3  2 = (1 + x)1 = (1 + x)
n=4 nGj, PZz^Æ c`, U4 = (1 + x)4  2 = (1 + x)2
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ  `kg AaÅvq: w«¼c`x weÕ¦‡wZ 69

 avivwU
1
nGjv: (1 + x) + 1 + (1 + x) + (1 + x)2 + ..... (Ans.) ev, 1  0.9 = x
 x = 0.1
1 DÚ weÕ¦‡wZGZ x = 0.1 ewmGq cvB,
L avivwUi cÉ^g c`, a = 1 + x

(1  0.1)8 = 1  8(0.1) + 28(0.1)2  56(0.1)3 + ......
1  (0.9)8 = 1  0.8 + 0.28  0.056 + ..........
mvaviY AbycvZ, r = 1 = (1 + x)
= 0.424 [wZb `kwgK Õ©vb chƯ¦] (Ans.)
1+x
M
 ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, A = (1  x)8
‰Lb, avivwUi AmxgZK mgwÓ¡ ^vKGe hw` |r| < 1 nq| B = (1 + x)7
A^Ævr, |1 + x| < 1  AB = (1  x)8(1 + x)7
ev,  1 < 1 + x < 1 (1  x)8 (1 + x)7 = (1  x) (1  x)7 (1 + x)7
ev,  1  1 < 1 + x  1 < 1  1 [( 1) ˆhvM KGi] = (1  x) (1  x2)7 = (1  x)
 2<x<0 70 ( x2)0 + 71 ( x2)1 + 72 ( x2)2 + 73 ( x2)3 + 74 ( x2)4 + ......
 wbGYÆq kZÆt  2 < x < 0.       
8 7 2 7
1  (1  x) (1 + x) = (1  x) (1  x )
a 1+x = (1  x) [1  7x + 21x  35x + 35x8  ......]
2 4 6

 avivwUi AmxgZK mgwÓ¡, S = =

1  r 1  (1 + x) = (1  7x2 + 21x4  35x6 + 35x8 + ........)
1 + ( x + 7x3  21x5 + 35x7  35x9 + .......)
1+x 8 7 2 3 4 5
1 1  (1  x) (1 + x) = 1  x  7x + 7x + 21x  21x
= =  6 7 8
11x 1+x x  35x + 35x + 35x .........
=
1
, x   1 (Ans.) ∴ (1  x)8 (1 + x)7 ‰i weÕ¦‡wZGZ x7 ‰i mnM 35
 x(1 + x)
∴ x ‰i mnM 35 (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
7

M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,

n Zg c`, Un = (1 + x)n  2 cÉk²  124 ewikvj ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 2
 AÓ¡g (n = 8) c`, U8 = (1 + x)8  2 = (1 + x)6 (Ans.) 1
+
1
+
1
+ ......
k
‰KwU aviv ‰es x − x2
8
3x − 1 (3x − 1)2 (3x − 1)3  
‰Lb, (1 + x)6 ‰i weÕ¦‡wZGZ c`msLÅv nGe = 7wU|
6 ‰KwU w«¼c`x ivwk| AaÅvq 7 I 10 ‰i mg®¼Gq
ˆhGnZz, c`msLÅv = 7, ZvB gaÅc`wU nGe 2 + 1 ev, 4 Zg c`
  K. x = 1 nGj, avivwU wbYÆq KGi cÉvµ¦ avivwUi mvaviY AbycvZ
 (1 + x)6 ‰i weÕ¦‡wZGZ 4 ev, (3 + 1) Zg c` ˆei Ki| 2
= 6C3(1)6  3 (x)3 = 20x3 L. ‘x’ ‰i Dci ˆh kZÆ AvGivc KiGj avivwUi AmxgZK
cÉkv² bymvGi, 20x3 = 540 mgwÓ¡ ^vKGe Zv wbYÆq KGi DÚ kZÆ mvGcGÞ avivwUi
540 mgwÓ¡ wbYÆq Ki| 4
ev, x3 = 20 ev, x3 = 27  x = 3 (Ans.)
M. ivwkwUi weÕ¦‡wZGZ x2 ‰i mnM 252 nGj ‘k’ ‰i gvb wbYÆq
cÉk²  123 hGkvi ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 2 Ki| 4
A = (1 − x) ‰es B = (1 + x) .
8 7 124 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
K. B ˆK x4 chƯ¦ weÕ¦‡Z Ki| 2  1 1 1
K cÉ`î avivwU, 3x – 1 + (3x – 1)2 + (3x – 1)3 + .........
L. A ˆK PZz^Æ c` chƯ¦ weÕ¦‡Z Ki ‰es DÚ djvdj eÅenvi
x = 1 nGj avivwU,
KGi (0.9)8 ‰i gvb wZb `kwgK Õ©vb chƯ¦ wbYÆq Ki| 4
1 1 1
M. ˆ`LvI ˆh, AB ‰i weÕ¦‡wZGZ x7 ‰i mnM 35. 4 + +
3.1 – 1 (3.1 – 1)2 (3.1 – 1)3
+ .......
123 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb 1 1 1
= + 2 + 3 + .....
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, B = (1 + x)7
 2 2 2
w«¼c`x Dccv`Å eÅenvi KGi cvB, 1
7 7 7 7 22 1 2 1
(1 + x)7 = 1 + 1 x + 2  x2 + 3 x3 + 4  x4 + ..... avivwUi mvaviY AbycvZ, r = 1 = 22  1 = 2 (Ans.)
   
7.6 2 7.6.5 3 7.6.5.4 4 2
= 1 + 7x + x + x + x + ....... 1 1 1
1.2 1.2.3 1.2.3.4 L
 cÉ`î avivwU, 3x  1 + (3x  1)2 + (3x  1)3 + .........
= 1 + 7x + 21x2 + 35x3 + 35x4 + ......... (Ans.)
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,
 1
avivwUi 1g c`, a = 3x  1
A = (1  x)8
1 1
w«¼c`x Dccv`Å eÅenvi KGi cvB, mvaviY AbycvZ, r = (3x  1)2  3x  1
8 8 8
(1  x)8 = 1 + 1 (x) + 2  ( x)2 + 3  ( x)3 + ....... 1 3x  1
   =
(3x  1)2

1
8.7 2 8.7.6
= 1  8x + x + ( x)3 + ......... 1
1.2 1.2.3 =
3x  1
= 1  8x + 28x2  56x3 + ........ (Ans.)
cÉkg² GZ, (1  x)8 = (0.9)8 avivwUi AmxgZK mgwÓ¡ ^vKGe hw` |r| < 1 nq|
ev, 1  x = 0.9
70 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆUÕ¡ ˆccvim ˆgBW BwR: Dîicò  DœPZi MwYZ

A^Ævr, 
1
 1 M. w«¼Zxq ivwki weÕ¦‡wZGZ y3-‰i mnM 160 nGj k-‰i gvb
3x  1 < 1 ev,  1 < 3x  1 < 1 wbYÆq Ki| 4
1 1

3x  1
<1 A^ev, 3x  1 > 1 125 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
ev, 3x  1 > 1 ev, 3x  1 < 1 K Avgiv Rvwb, (1 + y)n ‰i weÕ¦‡wZGZ (n + 1) msLÅK c` AvGQ|

ev, 3x  1 + 1 > 1 + 1 ev, 3x < 1 + 1 myZivs, (1 + p2)7 ‰i weÕ¦‡wZGZ (7 + 1) ev, 8wU c` AvGQ| (Ans.)
ev, 3x > 2 ev, 3x < 0 7
2 x<0 (1 + p2)7 w«¼c`xwUi ˆklc` = 7 (p2)7
x>
3 
2 = 1.p14 = p14 (Ans.)
 x > A^ev x < 0 nGj avivwUi AmxgZK mgwÓ¡ ^vKGe|
3
(Ans.)
a
‰Lb, avivwUi AmxgZK mgwÓ¡, S =
1r
1 L 1g w«¼c`xwUGK weÕ¦‡wZ KGi,

3x  1 7 7 7 7
= (1 + p2)7 = 0 (p2)0 + 1 (p2)1 + 2 (p2)2 + 3 (p2)3
1
1    
3x  1 7 7 7 7
1 + 4  (p2)4 + 5  (p2)5 + 6 (p2)6 + 7  (p2)7
   
3x  1
= 7 7.6 4 7.6.5 6 7.6.5.4 8 7.6.5.4.3 10
3x  1  1 = 1.1 + p2 + p + p + p + p
1 1.2 1.2.3 1.2.3.4 1.2.3.4.5
3x  1
7.6.5.4.3.2 12
1 + p + 1.p14
= (Ans.) 1.2.3.4.5.6
3x  2
= 1 + 7p2 + 21p4 + 35p6 + 35p8 + 21p10 + 7p12 + p14 (Ans.)
M w«¼c`x Dccv`Å eÅenvi KGi cvB,

2 M w«¼c`x Dccv`Å eÅenvi KGi cvB,

x – xk2 8 = x8 +  81x7.  –k 8 6 –k
2  +  x .  2  6
     x   2  x 
y2 + ky 6 k 6 k 2
= (y2)6 + 1 (y2)5   + 2  (y2)4  
8 –k 3    y    y
+  3x5.  2  +....... 6 k 3 6 k 4
  x + 3  (y2)3  + 4 (y2)2   + ................
2 3  y
  y

8.7 6 k 8.7.6 5 −k
= x8 – 8kx5 + x. + .x . 6 + ..... k2 6 k3 6 k4
1.2 x4 1.2.3 x 6 k 6
= y12 + 1  y10. + 2  y8. 2 + 3  y6. 3 + 4  y4. 4 + .........
56k 3
  y   y   y   y
= x8 – 8kx5 + 28x2k2 – + ......
x 6 6 6 6
= y12 + 1 ky9 + 2  k2y6 + 3  k3y3 + 4  k4 + ... ...
cÉk²gGZ, 28k2 = 252 ev, k2 =
252
ev, k2 = 9  k =  3 (Ans.)    
28 6
cÉkv² bymvGi, 3 k3 = 160
cÉk²  125 KzwgÍÏv ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 2 
6 6.5.4
(1 + p2)7, y2 +
k
 `yBwU w«¼c`x ivwk| ev, 1.2.3 k3 = 160
 y
ev, 20k3 = 160
K. 1g w«¼c`xwUi c`msLÅv ‰es ˆklc` wbYÆq Ki| 2
ev, k3 = 8
L. 1g w«¼c`xwU weÕ¦‡wZ Ki| 4
 k = 2 (Ans.)
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ  ‰Kv`k AaÅvq: Õ©vbvâ RÅvwgwZ 71

AaÅvq 11: Õ©vbvâ RÅvwgwZ

ˆevWÆ cixÞvi cÉk² I mgvavb
cÉk²  139 XvKv ˆevWÆ 2021  cÉk² bs 5 Xvj, m = 2 (Ans.)
A ( 2, 2), B(1, 2), C (5, 1) ‰es D (4, 3) we±`yàGjv ‰KwU L
 D(3, 2) we±`yMvgx ‰es 4 XvjwewkÓ¡ mijGiLvi mgxKiY :
y  2 = 4(x  3)
PZzfzÆGRi PviwU kxlÆ| P(x, y) we±`y ˆ^GK y AGÞi `ƒiZ½ ‰es D
ev, y  2 = 4x  12
we±`yi `ƒiZ½ mgvb|  4x  y  10 = 0 ...........(i)
K. AB ˆiLvi mgxKiY wbYÆq Ki| B 2 ‰Lb, ˆKvGbv mijGiLv x-AÞGK ˆh we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi ˆmB
L. ˆ`LvI ˆh, y2  6y  8x + 25 = 0. A 4 we±`yi ˆKvwU A^ev y-Õ©vbvâ kƒbÅ nGe|
M. ABCD ‰KwU AvqZ wKbv hvPvB Ki| A 4 A^Ævr, (i) bs ‰ y = 0 ewmGq cvB,
139 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb 10 5
4x  0  10 = 0 ev, 4x = 10  x = =
K A(2, 2) ‰es B (1,  2) we±`yMvgx AB ˆiLvi mgxKiY : 4 2
5
y2
=
x  ( 2)
2  ( 2)  2  ( 1)
ev,
y2 x+2
4
=
1
 (i) bs mijGiLv x-AÞGK
2 ( )
 0 we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|

ev, 4x + 8 =  y + 2  4x + y + 6 = 0 (Ans.) 5
L
 P(x, y) we±`y ˆ^GK y AGÞi `ƒiZ½ = |x| ‰KK
 E we±`yi Õ©vbvâ ( ) (Ans.)
2
0

P(x, y) we±`y nGZ D (4, 3) we±`yi `ƒiZ½ M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,


= (x  4)2 + (y  3)2 ‰KK 2x  y + 4 = 0 ˆiLvwU y-AÞGK A we±`yGZ ‰es x-AÞGK B
cÉkg² GZ, (x  4)2 + (y  3)2 = |x| we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
ev, (x  4)2 + (y  3)2 = x2 B we±`yi y Õ©vbvâ kƒbÅ nGe| DóxcGKi mijGiLvwUi
ev, x2  8x + 16 + y2  6y + 9 = x2 mgxKiGY y = 0 ewmGq cvB, 2x  0 + 4 = 0
ev, x2  x2  8x + 16 + y2  6y + 9 = 0 ev, 2x =  4
x=2
 y2  6y  8x + 25 = 0 (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
 B  (2, 0)
M
 ABCD PZzfzÆGRi evü I KGYÆi Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq Kwi|
Avevi, A we±`yi x
Õ©vbvâ kƒbÅ nGe| DóxcGKi
evü, AB = (2 + 1)2 + (2 + 2)2 = 12 + 42 = 1 + 16 mijGiLvwUi mgxKiGY x = 0 ewmGq cvB,
= 17 ‰KK 0y+4=0
evü, BC = (1  5)2 + (2 + 1)2 = 62 + 12 = 36 + 1 y=4
= 37 ‰KK  A  (0, 4)
evü, CD = (5  4)2 + (1  3)2 = 12 + 42 = 1 + 16 1 0 2 2 3 0
= 17 ‰KK
 ABCD |
PZzfzÆGRi ˆÞòdj = 2 4 0 0 2 4 |
1
evü, DA = (4 + 2)2 + (3  2)2 = 62 + 12 = 36 + 1 = {(0 + 0 + 4 + 12)  (8 + 0 + 0 + 0)}
2
= 37 ‰KK 1 1
= (16 + 8) =  24 = 12 eMÆ ‰KK (Ans.)
KYÆ, AC = (2  5)2 + (2 + 1)2 = 72 + 32 = 49 + 9 2 2
= 58 ‰KK cÉk²  141 gqgbwmsn ˆevWÆ 2021  cÉk² bs 5
KYÆ, BD = (1  4)2 + (2  3)2 = 52 + 52 = 25 + 25 4x  3y + 30 = 0
= 50 ‰KK 4x + 3y  30 = 0
ABCD PZzfzÆGRi AB = CD ‰es BC = DA y + 10 = 0
wK¯§ KYÆ AC  KYÆ BD. mgxKiY wZbwU ‰KwU wòfzGRi wZbwU evü wbG`Æk KGi|
 A^Ævr ABCD PZzfzÆRwU AvqZ bq| (hvPvB Kiv nGjv) K. P(x, y) we±`y ˆ^GK x-AGÞi `ƒiZ½ ‰es Q (0, 1) we±`yi
cÉk²  140 XvKv ˆevWÆ 2021  cÉk² bs 6 `ƒiZ½ mgvb nGj, cÉgvY Ki ˆh, x2  2y + 1 = 0. B 2
L. cÉ^g ˆiLvwU AÞ«¼qGK h^vKÌGg A I B we±`yGZ ˆQ` KiGj
2x  y + 4 = 0 ˆiLvwU y AÞGK A we±`yGZ ‰es x AÞGK B
AB ‰i Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq Ki| A 4
we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi| D (3, 2) we±`yMvgx ‰es 4 XvjwewkÓ¡ AbÅ ‰KwU M. evü wZbwU «¼viv MwVZ wòfzGRi cwimxgv wbYÆq Ki| A 4
ˆiLv x AÞGK E we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
K. AB mijGiLvwUi Xvj wbYÆq Ki| B 2 141 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
L. E we±`yi Õ©vbvâ wbYÆq Ki| A 4 K p (x, y) we±`y ˆ^GK x AGÞi `ƒiZ½ = |y| ‰KK

M. C we±`yi Õ©vbvâ (2, 0) nGj ABCD PZzfzÆGRi ˆÞòdj p (x, y) we±`y ˆ^GK Q (0, 1) we±`yi `ƒiZ½ = (x  0)2 + (y  1)2
wbYÆq Ki| A 4 = x2 + (y  1)2 ‰KK
140 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb cÉkg² GZ, x + (y  1) = |y|
2 2

K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, AB mijGiLv : 2x  y + 4 = 0 ev, x2 + (y  1)2 = y2

ev, y = 2x + 4 .......... (i) ev, x2 + y2  2y + 1 = y2
(i) bs mgxKiYGK y = mx + c ‰i mvG^ Zzjbv KGi cvB,  x2  2y + 1 = 0 (cÉgvwYZ)
72 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆUÕ¡ ˆccvim ˆgBW BwR: Dîicò  DœPZi MwYZ
L DóxcGK cÉ^g ˆiLvi mgxKiY, 4x  3y + 30 = 0 ... ... (i)
 ev, 4x = 60  x = 15
gGb Kwi, (i) bs ˆiLv x AÞGK A we±`yGZ ‰es y AÞGK B  (ii) I (iii) ‰i ˆQ`we±`y, C  (15,  10)
we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi| evü, AB = (0 + 15)2 + (10 + 10)2 = 152 + 202 = 625
A we±`yi y Õ©vbvâ kƒbÅ nGe| ‰Lb, (i) bs mgxKiGY y = 0 = 25 ‰KK
ewmGq cvB, evü, BC = (15  15)2 + (10 + 10)2 = 302 + 0
4x  0 + 30 = 0 ev, 4x =  30 = 900 = 30 ‰KK
30
ev, x =  4  x =  2
15 evü, CA = (15  0)2 + (10 10)2 = 152 + 202
= 625 = 25 ‰KK
A ( 152 0)  ABC wòfzGRi cwimxgv = AB + BC + CA
= 25 + 30 + 25 = 80 ‰KK (Ans.)
Avevi, B we±`yi x Õ©vbvâ kƒbÅ nGe| ‰Lb, (i) bs mgxKiGY
x = 0 ewmGq cvB, 0 3y + 30 = 0
cÉk²  142 gqgbwmsn ˆevWÆ 2021  cÉk² bs 6
ev, 3y = 30  y = 10 A (p, 0), B (0, q), C (7, 7), D (1, 1) PviwU we±`y|
 B  (0, 10) K. x  3y + 5 = 0 ˆiLvwU x-AGÞi mvG^ ˆh ˆKvY Drc®²
15 KGi Zv wbYÆq Ki| B 2
( )
 A   0 ‰es B (0, 10) we±`y«¼Gqi `ƒiZ½,
2 L. 7p + 7q = pq nGj, ˆ`LvI ˆh, A, B, C we±`y wZbwU mgGiL| 4
2 M. p = q = 8 nGj, ˆ`LvI ˆh, ACBD ‰KwU iÁ¼m| A 4
AB = ( 152  0) + (0  10) 2
142 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
=
225
+ 100 =
225 + 400 K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, ˆiLvi mgxKiY: x  3y + 5 = 0

4 4 ev, 3y = x + 5
625 25 1 5
=
4
=
2
‰KK (Ans.) y= x+
3 3
M
 Y gGb Kwi, ˆiLvwU x AGÞi abvñK w`GKi mvG^  ˆKvY Drc®²
(ii) (i)
(0, 10) A
KGi|
1
A^Ævr tan = m =
5 3
X
O 5
X ev, tan = tan30   = 30 (Ans.)
25 20 15 10 5 0 10 15 20 0q q
L A (p, 0) ‰es B (0, q) we±`yMvgx mijGiLvi Xvj, m1 = p  0 =  p

B C (iii)
q7
(– 15, – 10) (15, – 10) B (0, q) ‰es C (7, 7) we±`yMvgx mijGiLvi Xvj, m2 = 0  7
Y
q7
ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, wòfzGRi evüòGqi mgxKiY: =
7
4x  3y + 30 = 0 ... ... (i)
4x + 3y  30 = 0 ... .... (ii)
ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, 7p + 7q = pq
‰es y + 10 = 0 ... ... (iii) ev, 7p  pq =  7q
7q q
gGb Kwi, (i) I (ii) bs ˆiLv A we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi| (i) I (iii) ev, p (7  q) =  7q ev, 7 = p
bs ˆiLv B we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi ‰es (ii) I (iii) bs ˆiLv C q7 q
we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi| ev, 7 =  p  m2 = m1
(i) I (ii) bs ˆhvM KGi cvB, ˆhGnZz m2 = m1 ˆmGnZz A, B ‰es C we±`y wZbwU mgGiL nGe|
4x  3y + 30 + 4x + 3y  30 = 0 (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
ev, 8x = 0 M hw` p = q = 8 nq ZGe A  (8, 0) ‰es B  (0, 8)

x=0
(i) bs mgxKiGY x = 0 ewmGq cvB, evü BC = (0  7)2 + (8  7)2 = 72 + 12 = 49 + 1 = 50 ‰KK
0  3y + 30 = 0 evü CA = (7  0)2 + (7  8)2 = 72 + 12 = 49 + 1 = 50 ‰KK
ev, 3y = 30 evü AD = (8  1)2 + (0  1)2 = 72 + 12 = 49 + 1 = 50 ‰KK
 y = 10
evü DB = (1  0)2 + (1  8)2 = 12 + 72 = 49 + 1 = 50 ‰KK
 (i) I (ii) bs ‰i ˆQ` we±`y A  (0, 10)
KYÆ AB = (8 – 0)2 + (0 – 8)2 = 8 2 ‰KK
(iii) bs nGZ cvB, y = 10
(i) bs ‰ y =  10 ewmGq cvB, KYÆ CD = (7 – 1)2 + (7 – 1)2 = 6 2 ‰KK
4x  3 (10) + 30 = 0 Y
B (0, 8)
ev, 4x + 30 + 30 = 0
C (7, 7)
ev, 4x =  60
 x =  15
(i) I (iii) bs ‰i ˆQ` we±`y, B  ( 15,  10)
(ii) bs ‰ y =  10 ewmGq cvB, D (1,1)
X
4x + 3(10)  30 = 0 O A (8, 0) X
ev, 4x  30  30 = 0 Y
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ  ‰Kv`k AaÅvq: Õ©vbvâ RÅvwgwZ 73
‰Lb, ACBD PZzfzÆGR BC = CA = AD = DB ev, y  5 =  2x  10
wK¯§ KYÆ AB  CD ev, 2x + y  5 + 10 = 0
 ACBD PZzfzÆRwU ‰KwU iÁ¼m| (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)  2x + y + 5 = 0 (Ans.)
cÉk²  143 ivRkvnx ˆevWÆ 2021  cÉk² bs 5 L ABCD PZzfzÆGRi cÉK‡wZ wbYÆGqi RbÅ evü ‰es KGYÆi Š`NÆÅ
wbYÆq Kwi|
ABCD PZzfzÆGRi PviwU kxlÆwe±`yi Õ©vbvâ h^vKÌGg A (10, 5),
evü, AB = (5 + 15)2 + (5 + 5)2 = 102 + 102 = 10 2 ‰KK
B (3, 2), C (5, r) ‰es D (7, 5) ‰es kxlÆmgƒn Nwoi KuvUvi
evü, BC = ( 15  5)2 + (5 + 5)2 = 202 + 02 = 20 ‰KK
wecixZ w`GK AvewZÆZ|
K. ˆ`LvI ˆh, AB ˆiLvwU x-AGÞi abvñK w`GKi mvG^ evü, CD = (5  15)2 + (5  5)2 = 102 + 102 =10 2 ‰KK
Õ©ƒjGKvY Drc®² KGi| B 2 evü, DA = (15 + 5)2 + (5  5)2 = 202 + 02 = 20 ‰KK
L. P (x, y) nGZ A I B we±`yi `ƒiZ½ mgvb nGj cÉgvY Ki ˆh, KYÆ, AC = (5 5)2 + (5 + 5)2 = 102 + 102 = 10 2 ‰KK
x  y + 8 = 0. A 4 KYÆ, BD = (15 15)2 + (5 5)2 = 302 + 102 = 10 10 ‰KK
M. ABCD PZzfyÆGRi ˆÞòdj 175 eMÆ ‰KK nGj r ‰i gvb ABCD PZzfzÆGRi AB = CD ‰es BC = DA
wbYÆq Ki| A 4 ‰es KYÆ AC  KYÆ BD.
27 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb  ABCD PZzfÆyRwU ‰KwU mvgv¯¦wiK| (Ans.)
K A ( 10, 5) ‰es B (3, 2) we±`yMvgx AB mijGiLvi M
 ABCD PZzfzÆGRi D (15, 5) we±`ywU cÉ^g PZzfÆvGM AewÕ©Z|
5  ( 2) 7 ‰Lb, C (5,  5) ‰es D (15, 5) we±`yMvgx CD ˆiLvi
Xvj =  10  (3) =  7 =  1 mgxKiY:
y5 x  15 Y
gGb Kwi, AB mijGiLv x-AGÞi abvñK w`GKi mvG^  ˆKvY =
5  ( 5) 15  5 A F
Drc®² KGi| D
y  5 x  15
 tan =  1 =  tan 45 = tan (180  45) = tan 135 ev, 10 = 10 X X
  = 135 O E
 AB mijGiLv x-AGÞi abvñK w`GKi mvG^ Õ©ƒjGKvY ŠZwi ev, y  5 = x  15 B C
KGi| (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) ev, x  y  15 + 5 = 0
Y
L P (x, y) nGZ A (10, 5) we±`yi `ƒiZ½ = (x + 10)2 + (y  5)2 ‰KK
   x  y  10 = 0 ............. (i)
P (x, y) nGZ B ( 3,  2) we±`yi `ƒiZ½ = (x + 3)2 + (y + 2)2 ‰KK gGb Kwi, CD ˆiLvwU x AÞGK E we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi| E we±`yi
cÉkg² GZ, (x + 10)2 + (y  5)2 = (x + 3)2 + (y + 2)2 ˆKvwU ev y Õ©vbvâ kƒbÅ nGe| ‰Lb, (i) bs mgxKiGY y = 0
ev, (x + 10)2 + (y  5)2 = (x + 3)2 + (y + 2)2 [eMÆ KGi] ewmGq cvB,
x  0  10 = 0
ev, x2 + 20x + 100 + y2  10y + 25 = x2 + 6x + 9 + y2 + 4y + 4  x = 10
ev, x2  x2 + 20x  6x + y2  y2  10y  4y + 125  13 = 0  E  (10, 0)
ev, 14x  14y + 112 = 0 Avevi, A (5, 5) ‰es D (15, 5) we±`yMvgx AD mijGiLvi
ev, 14 (x  y + 8) = 0 mgxKiY:
 x  y + 8 = 0 (cÉgvwYZ) y = 5 ... ... (ii) [ ˆhGnZz A I B we±`yi y Õ©vbvâ ‰KB]
1 10 3 5 7 10 gGb Kwi, AD ˆiLvwU y AÞGK F we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
M ABCD PZzfzÆGRi ˆÞòdj = 2
 5 2 r 5 5 (ii) bs mijGiLv y-AÞGK ˆh we±`yGZ ˆQ` KiGe ˆmB we±`yGZ
1 1 x Õ©vbvâ kƒbÅ nGe|
= (20  3r + 25 + 35 + 15 + 10  7r + 50) = (155  10r)  F  (0, 5)
2 2
1  ABCD PZzfzÆGRi OEDF ˆÞòwU 1g PZzfÆvGM AewÕ©Z|
cÉkg² GZ, 2 (155  10r) = 175  PZzfzÆR OEDF ‰i ˆÞòdj
ev, 155  10r = 350 1 0 10 15 0 0
ev, 10r = 155  350 ev, 10r =  195 =
2 0 0 5 5 0
 195
ev, r = 10 1
= {(50 + 75)  (0 + 0 + 0 + 0)}
2
39 125
r=
2
(Ans.) =
2
eMÆ ‰KK = 62.5 eMÆ ‰KK (Ans.)
cÉk²  144 ivRkvnx ˆevWÆ 2021  cÉk² bs 6 cÉk²  145 w`bvRcyi ˆevWÆ 2021  cÉk² bs 4
‰KwU PZzfÆyGRi PviwU kxlÆwe±`yi Õ©vbvâ h^vKÌGg D(2, 1), E(4, 2) ‰es F(2, 5) ‰KB mgZGj AewÕ©Z wZbwU we±`y
A (5, 5), B (15, 5), C (5, 5) I D (15, 5) ‰es EF ˆiLvwU y-AÞGK Q we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
K.  2 XvjwewkÓ¡ A we±`yMvgx ˆiLvi mgxKiY wbYÆq Ki| B 2 K. 5 XvjwewkÓ¡ ‰es D we±`yMvgx mijGiLvi mgxKiY wbYÆq
L. ABCD PZzfzÆGRi cÉK‡wZ wbYÆq Ki| A 4 Ki| 2
M. ABCD PZzfÆyGRi ˆh Ask 1g PZzfÆvGM AewÕ©Z Zvi L. M (x, y) we±`y ˆ^GK D ‰es E we±`y « ¼ q mg`ƒ i eZÆ x nGj,
ˆÞòdj wbYÆq Ki| A 4 cÉgvY Ki ˆh, 4x  2y + 5 = 0 A 4
144 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb M. DQ ‰i Š`NÆ Å wbYÆ q Ki| A 4
K  2 XvjwewkÓ¡ ‰es A (5, 5) we±`yMvgx ˆiLvi mgxKiY,
 145 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
y  5 =  2 (x + 5) K
 5 XvjwewkÓ¡ ‰es D (2, 1) we±`yMvgx mijGiLvi mgxKiY:
74 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆUÕ¡ ˆccvim ˆgBW BwR: Dîicò  DœPZi MwYZ
y  (1) = 5 (x  2) cÉk²  147 KzwgÍÏv ˆevWÆ 2021  cÉk² bs 5
ev, y + 1 = 5x  10 (i) 3x + qy + 1 = 0 ‰es px + 6y + 2 = 0 mijGiLv«¼q (2, 1)
 5x  y  11 = 0 (Ans.)
we±`yMvgx|
L
 M (x, y) we±`y nGZ D (2, 1) we±`yi `ƒiZ½ = (x  2)2 + (y + 1)2 ‰KK
(ii) y = x + 7, y =  x + 7 ‰es y = 4 mgxKiY wZbwU ‰KwU
M (x, y) we±`y nGZ E (4, 2) we±`yi `ƒiZ½ = (x + 4)2 + (y  2)2 ‰KK wòfzGRi evü wbG`Æk KGi|
cÉkg² GZ, K. M ( 5, 6) ‰es N( 6, 4) we±`yMvgx mijGiLvi mgxKiY
(x  2)2 + (y + 1)2 = (x + 4)2 + (y  2)2 wbYÆq Ki| B 2
ev, (x  2)2 + (y + 1)2 = (x + 4)2 + (y  2)2 L. (i) bs nGZ p, q ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki ‰es cÉ`î ˆiLv«¼Gqi
ev, x2  4x + 4 + y2 + 2y + 1 = x2 + 8x + 16 + y2  4y + 4 XvGji àYdj wbYÆq Ki| A 4
ev, x2  x2  4x  8x + y2  y2 + 2y + 4y + 5  20 = 0 M. DóxcK (ii) bs nGZ wòfzRwUi wPò AuvK ‰es ˆÞòdj
ev,  12x + 6y  15 = 0 wbYÆq Ki| A 4
ev,  3 (4x  2y + 5) = 0 147 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
 4x  2y + 5 = 0 (cÉgvwYZ)
K M( 5, 6) ‰es N(6, 4) we±`yMvgx mijGiLvi mgxKiY :
M
 E (4, 2) ‰es F (2, 5) we±`yMvgx EF mijGiLvi mgxKiY, y  6 x  ( 5)
y  2 x  (4) y2 x+4 =
=
25 42
ev,  3 =  6 6  4  5  ( 6)
y6 x+5
1 ev, 2 = 1
ev, y  2 = 2 (x + 4) ev, 2y  4 = x + 4
ev, 2x + 10 = y  6
ev, x  2y + 4 + 4 = 0  x  2y + 8 = 0 .......... (i)  2x  y + 16 = 0 (Ans.)
(i) bs mijGiLvwU y  AÞGK Q we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi| Q we±`yi L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,

x  Õ©vbvâ kƒbÅ nGe| (i) bs mijGiLvq x = 0 ewmGq cvB, 3x + qy + 1 = 0 .........................(i)
0  2y + 8 = 0 ev, 2y = 8  y = 4 ‰es px + 6y + 2 = 0 ........................(ii)
 Q  (0, 4) mijGiLv«¼q (2, 1) we±`yMvgx|
 DQ = (2  0)2 + ( 1  4)2 = 22 + 52 = 4 + 25 ‰Lb, (i) bs mijGiLv (2, 1) we±`yMvgx nIqvq (i) bs nGZ
= 29 ‰KK (Ans.) cvB, 3.2 + q.1 + 1 = 0
cÉk²  146 w`bvRcyi ˆevWÆ 2021  cÉk² bs 6 ev, 6 + q + 1 = 0
 q =  7 (Ans.)
‰KwU PZzfzÆGRi PviwU kxlÆwe±`yi Õ©vbvâ h^vKÌGg Avevi, q ‰i gvb (i) bs ‰ ewmGq cvB,
U (2, 3), V (3, 0), W (0, 1) ‰es X (1, 2) 3x  7y + 1 = 0
K. U ‰es X we±`yMvgx mijGiLvi mgxKiY wbYÆq Ki| B 2 ev, 7y = 3x + 1
L. P (x, y) we±`y ˆ^GK x-AGÞi `ƒiZ½ ‰es U we±`yi `ƒiZ½ 3 1
ev, y = 7 x + 7
mgvb nGj, ˆ`LvI ˆh, x2  4x + 6y + 13 = 0. A 4
M. UVWX PZzfzÆGRi ˆÞòdj wbYÆq Ki| A 4 3
 ˆiLvwUi Xvj, m1 =
7
146 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb Avevi, (ii) bs mijGiLv (2, 1) we±`yMvgx nIqvq (ii) bs nGZ
K U (2, 3) ‰es X (1, 2) we±`yMvgx ˆiLvi mgxKiY:
 cvB, p.2 + 6 + 2 = 0
y  (3) x2
= ev, 2p =  8
3  (2) 2  (1)  p =  4 (Ans.)
y+3 x2
ev, 1 = 3 ‰Lb, p ‰i gvb (ii) bs ‰ ewmGq cvB,
 4x + 6y + 2 = 0
ev, 3y  9 = x  2 ev, 6y = 4x  2
 x + 3y + 7 = 0 (Ans.) 4 2 2 1
L
 P (x, y) we±`y nGZ x-AGÞi `ƒiZ½ = |y| ‰KK ev, y = 6 x  6  y = 3 x  3
P (x, y) we±`y nGZ U (2,  3) we±`yi `ƒiZ½ = (x  2)2 + (y + 3)2 ‰KK 2
 ˆiLvwUi Xvj, m2 =
cÉkg² GZ, 3
(x  2)2 + (y + 3)2 = |y|  cÉ`î ˆiLv«¼Gqi XvGji àYdj = m1  m2
ev, (x  2)2 + (y + 3)2 = y2 3 2 2
=  = (Ans.)
7 3 7
ev, x2  4x + 4 + y2 + 6y + 9 = y2
ev, x2  4x + y2  y2 + 6y + 13 = 0 M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,

 x2  4x + 6y + 13 = 0 (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) wòfzGRi evüòGqi mgxKiY,
y = x + 7 ......................... (i)
1 2 3 0 1 2 y =  x + 7 .......................(ii)
M UVWX PZzfzÆGRi ˆÞòdj
 =
2 3 0 1 2 3 y = 4 ................................(iii)
1
= (0 + 3 + 0 + 3 + 9  0 + 1 + 4)
2
1
=  20 = 10 eMÆ ‰KK (Ans.)
2
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ  ‰Kv`k AaÅvq: Õ©vbvâ RÅvwgwZ 75
Y DóxcK AbymvGi (i) bs ˆiLv Z^v AB mijGiLv x AÞGK D
(i)
we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi| A^Ævr D we±`yi y-Õ©vbvâ ev ˆKvwU kƒbÅ
8
nGe| (i) bs ‰ y = 0 ewmGq cvB,
A 31
11.x + 17.0 + 31= 0  x = 
6 11
B
4
C
(iii) D ( 31 )
we±`yi Õ©vbvâ 11 0
2 2

X X
 AD ‰i Š`NÆÅ = ( 9 + 3111) + (4  0) 2

0 O 2 2
8 6 4 2 2 4 6 8 10
=  99 + 31 + 4 = (68) + 16
2
(ii)  11  11
Y 4624 6560 4 410
gGb Kwi, (i) I (ii) bs ˆiLvi ˆQ`we±`y A, (ii) I (iii) bs =
121
+ 16 =
121
=
11
‰KK (Ans.)
ˆiLvi ˆQ`we±`y C ‰es (i) I (iii) bs ˆiLvi ˆQ`we±`y B. M
 ˆhGnZz BC ˆiLv (4, 1) we±`yMvgx ˆmGnZz BC ‰i Xvj I B
(i) bs I (ii) bs ˆiLvi ˆQ`we±`y wbYÆq : ‰es (4,  1) we±`yMvgx ˆiLvi XvGji mgvb nGe|
x+7=x+7 5 + 7 1 + 7
 =
ev, 2x = 0 k8 48
x=0 ev, 12 =  6
‰es y = 0 + 7 = 7 k8 4
 A  (0, 7) ev, k  8 =  4  12 =  8
(i) bs I (iii) bs ˆiLvi ˆQ`we±`y wbYÆq : 6
y=4 k=0
‰es 4 = x + 7  C we±`yi Õ©vbvâ (0, 5)
x=3 A( 9, 4), B(8,  7) I C(0, 5) we±`y wZbwU «¼viv MwVZ wòfzR
 B  ( 3, 4) 1 9 8 0 9
(ii) bs I (iii) bs ˆiLvi ˆQ`we±`y wbYÆq : ABC ‰i ˆÞòdj =  eMƉKK
2  4 7 5 4
y=4 1
‰es 4 =  x + 7 = (63 + 40 + 0  32 + 0 + 45) eMƉKK
2
ev, x = 7  4 1
=  116 eMƉKK
x =3 2
 C  (3, 4) = 58 eMƉKK (Ans.)
1  0 3 3 0  cÉk²  149 KzwgÍÏv ˆevWÆ 2021  cÉk² bs 6
 ABC-‰i ˆÞòdj =
27 4 4 7
(i) 4x + 3y  24 = 0 ‰KwU mijGiLvi mgxKiY|
1
= (12 + 21 + 21  12  0)
2 (ii) M (6, 4), N ( 6, 4), S ( 8,  2) ‰es P(4,  2) ‰KwU
1 PZzfzÆGRi PviwU we±`y|
= (42  24) eMÆ ‰KK K. ‰KwU mijGiLvi mgxKiY wbYÆq Ki hvi Xvj 7 ‰es
2
1 y ˆQ`K 5| B 2
=  18 eMÆ ‰KK
2 L. (ii) bs nGZ ˆ`LvI ˆh, MNSP ‰KwU mvgv¯¦wiK| A 4
= 9 eMÆ ‰KK (Ans.) M. (i) bs ˆiLvwU AÞ«¼Gqi mvG^ ˆh wòfzR Drc®² KGi Zvi
cÉk²  148 PëMÉvg ˆevWÆ 2021  cÉk² bs 4 wPò AsKb KGi cwimxgv wbYÆq KGiv| A 4
A( 9, 4), B(8,  7) ‰es C(k, 5) ‰KwU wòfzGRi kxlÆòq|
149 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
AB mijGiLvwU x AÞGK D we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi ‰es BC mijGiLvwU K awi, mijGiLvwUi mgxKiY, y = mx + c ... ... ... (i)
(4,  1) we±`yMvgx|
‰LvGb, m Xvj ‰es c, y-AGÞi ˆQ`K|
K. (2, 5) I ( 1,  3) we±`yMvgx mijGiLvi Xvj wbYÆq Ki| 2 cÉkg² GZ, m = 7 ‰es c =  5
(i) bs nGZ cvB, y = 7x  5 (Ans.)
L. AD ‰i Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq Ki| 4
L MNSP PZzfzÆGRi evü I KGYÆi Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq Kwi|
M. A, B I C we±`yòq «¼viv MwVZ wòfzGRi ˆÞòdj wbYÆq Ki| 4
evü, MN = (6 + 6)2 + (4  4)2 = 122 + 02 = 122
148 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
= 12 ‰KK
35 8
K (2, 5) I ( 1,  3) we±`yMvgx mijGiLvi Xvj =  1  2 =  3
 evü, NS = (6 + 8)2 + (4 + 2)2 = 22 + 62 = 4 + 36
8 = 40 ‰KK
= (Ans.)
3 evü, SP = ( 8  4)2 + (2 + 2)2 = 122 + 02 = 122
L A(9, 4) I B(8, 7) we±`y«¼Gqi msGhvRK mijGiLvi mgxKiY,
 = 12 ‰KK
x  ( 9) y4 x+9 y4
=
 9  8 4  ( 7)
ev,  17 = 11 evü, PM = (4  6)2 + (2  4)2 = 22 + 62 = 4 + 36
ev, 11x + 99 =  17y + 68  11x + 17y + 31 = 0 ... ... (i) = 40 ‰KK
KYÆ, MS = (6 + 8)2 + (4 + 2)2 = 142 + 62 = 196 + 36
76 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆUÕ¡ ˆccvim ˆgBW BwR: Dîicò  DœPZi MwYZ
= 232 ‰KK L F( 2, 3), G(4, 3) I H(4, a) we±`yòq «¼viv MwVZ FGH ‰i

KYÆ, NP = (6  4)2 + (4 + 2)2 = 102 + 62 = 100 + 36 ˆÞòdj = 2
1 2 4 4 2
= 136 ‰KK  3 3 a 3
1
 MNSP PZzfzÆGR MN = SP ‰es NS = PM ‰es = (6 + 4a + 12  12  12 + 2a)
2
KYÆ MS  KYÆ NP. 1
 MNSP ‰KwU mvgv¯¦wiK| (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) = (6a  18)
2
M
 Y = (3a  9) eMƉKK
cÉkg² GZ, 3a  9 = 18
B(0, 8)
ev, 3a = 18 + 9
8 ev, 3a = 27  a = 9 (Ans.)
6
M
 a = 6 nGj, H  (4, 6)
‰Lb, EFGH PZzfzÆGRi evü I KGYÆi Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq Kwi|
4 evü, EF = ( 2 + 2) + (6  3) = 0 + 3 = 9 = 3 ‰KK
2 2 2 2

2 evü, FG = ( 2  4)2 + (3  3)2 = 62 + 0 = 36 = 6 ‰KK

A(6, 0) evü, GH = (4  4)2 + (3  6)2 = 0 + 32 = 9 = 3 ‰KK
X
X
4 2 O 2 4 6 8 evü, EH = ( 2  4)2 + (6  6)2 = 62 + 02 = 36 = 6 ‰KK
KYÆ, EG = ( 2  4)2 + (6  3)2 = 62 + 32 = 36 + 9 = 45 ‰KK
Y KYÆ, FH = ( 2  4)2 + (3  6)2 = 62 + 32 = 36 + 9 = 45 ‰KK
ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, AZ‰e, EFGH PZzfzÆGR EF = GH ‰es FG = EH
4x + 3y  24 = 0 .................(i) ‰es KYÆ EG = KYÆ FH
gGb Kwi, (i) bs mijGiLv x-AÞGK A we±`yGZ ‰es y AÞGK  EFGH PZzfzÆR ‰KwU AvqZ| (Ans.)
B we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi ‰es AÞ«¼Gqi mvG^ OAB wòfzR MVb cÉk²  151 wmGjU ˆevWÆ 2021  cÉk² bs 6
KGi|
‰Lb, A we±`yi y-Õ©vbvâ kƒbÅ nGe| (i) mgxKiGY y = 0 (i) x + y = 6 ‰es x  y = 0 mijGiLv«¼q ciÕ·i P we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
ewmGq cvB, 4x + 0  24 = 0 (ii) A(2t, 2), Q(4, 8) ‰es R(2, 2t) ‰KwU mijGiLvi DciÕ©
ev, 4x = 24 wZbwU we±`y|
x=6 K. 8x  3y  6 = 0 mijGiLvwUi y AGÞi ˆQ`K wbYÆq Ki| 2
 A  (6, 0) L. (ii) bs ‰i mvnvGhÅ t ‰i mÁ¿veÅ gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4
evü, OA = (6  0)2 + (0  0)2 = 6 ‰KK M. P we±`y w`Gq hvq ‰es 2x  y = 4 mijGiLvi mgv¯¦ivj
Avevi, B we±`yi x-Õ©vbvâ kƒbÅ nGe| ZLb, (i) bs mgxKiGY ˆiLvi mgxKiY wbYÆq Ki| 4
x = 0 ewmGq cvB, 151 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
0 + 3y  24 = 0 ev, 3y = 24  y = 8 K ‰KwU mijGiLvi Xvj m ‰es y AGÞi ˆQ`K c nGj mijGiLvi
 B  (0, 8) mgxKiY, y = mx + c ... ... (i)
OAB-‰ evü OB = (0  0)2 + (8  0)2 = 8 ‰KK ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, 8x  3y  6 = 0
‰es evü AB = (6  0)2 + (0  8)2 = 62 + 82 ev, 3y = 8x  6
= 36 + 64 = 100 = 10 ‰KK 8 6 8
ev, y = 3x  3  y = 3 x  2
 OAB ‰i cwimxgv = OA + AB + OB
mijGiLvwUi mgxKiYGK (i) bs ‰i mvG^ Zzjbv KGi cvB,
= (6 + 10 + 8) ‰KK
y-AGÞi ˆQ`K, c =  2 (Ans.)
= 24 ‰KK (Ans.) 82
cÉk²  150 wmGjU ˆevWÆ 2021  cÉk² bs 4 L A(2t, 2) ‰es Q(4, 8) we±`yMvgx ˆiLvi Xvj, m1 = 4  2t
6 3
E( 2, 6), F( 2, 3), G(4, 3), H(4, a) ‰KwU PZzfzÆGRi PviwU kxlÆ = =
2(2  t) 2  t
we±`y ‰es kxlÆmgƒn Nwoi KuvUvi wecixZ w`GK AvewZÆZ| 8  2t
K. EG ˆiLvi Xvj wbYÆq Ki| 2 Q(4, 8) ‰es R(2, 2t) we±`yMvgx ˆiLvi Xvj, m2 =
42
L. FGH ‰i ˆÞòdj 18 eMÆ ‰KK nGj a ‰i gvb wbYÆq 8  2t
Ki| 4 = =4t
2
M. a = 6 nGj, EFGH PZzfzÆGRi cÉK‡wZ wbYÆq Ki| 4 A, Q ‰es R we±`y wZbwU ‰KB mijGiLvi Dci AewÕ©Z
150 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb nIqvq m1 = m2 nGe|
3
K E(2, 6) ‰es G(4, 3) we±`yMvgx EG ˆiLvi Xvj =
63 A^Ævr, 2  t = 4  t
24
3 1 ev, 3 = (2  t)(4  t)
=
6
=  (Ans.)
2 ev, 3 = 8  2t  4t + t2
ev, t2  6t + 8  3 = 0
ev, t2  6t + 5 = 0
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ  ‰Kv`k AaÅvq: Õ©vbvâ RÅvwgwZ 77
ev, t2  5t  t + 5 = 0 y = 3x + 4 ... ... ... (i)
ev, t(t  5)  1(t  5) = 0 ˆiLvwU x-AÞGK B we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
ev, (t  5)(t  1) = 0 Avevi, 3x + y = 16 ... ... ... (ii)
 t = 5, 1 (Ans.) ˆiLvwU y-AÞGK D we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, x + y = 6 ... ... (i)
 ‰Lb, B we±`yi y-Õ©vbvâ kƒbÅ nGe| ‰Lb (i) bs mgxKiGY
x  y = 0 ... ... (ii) y = 0 ewmGq cvB,
mijGiLv«¼Gqi ˆQ`we±`y P 4
0 = 3x + 4 ev, 3x =  4  x = 
(i) bs I (ii) bs mgxKiY ˆhvM KGi cvB, 3
x+y+xy=6+0 4
ev, 2x = 6  x = 3 B  0( )3
(ii) bs nGZ cvB, y = x = 3 Avevi, D we±`yi x-Õ©vbvâ kƒbÅ nGe| ‰Lb (ii) bs mgxKiGY
 P  (3, 3) x = 0 ewmGq cvB,
Avevi, 2x  y = 4 0 + y = 16  y = 16  D  (0, 16)
ev, y = 2x  4 4 4
1  5 0  
mijGiLvwUi Xvj = 2. ‰Lb, mijGiLvwUi mgv¯¦ivj ˆiLvi  BCD ‰i ˆÞòdj =  3
2
3
Xvj I ‰KB nGe A^Ævr mgv¯¦ivj ˆiLvi Xvj = 2 nGe|  0 3 16 0 
‰Lb, P(3, 3) we±`yMvgx ‰es 2 XvjwewkÓ¡ mijGiLvi mgxKiY: 1 64
y  3 = 2(x  3) 2 (
= 4 + 80  0  0 +
3)
ev, y  3 = 2x  6 1 64 1 252 + 64
ev, 2x  y + 3  6 = 0
=  84 +
2 ( )
3
= 
2 ( 3 )
 2x  y  3 = 0 (Ans.) 1 316 158
= 
2 3
=
3
eMÆ ‰KK (Ans.)
cÉk²  152 hGkvi ˆevWÆ 2021  cÉk² bs 6
cÉk² 153 ewikvj ˆevWÆ 2021  cÉk² bs 4
y = 3x + 4 ˆiLvwU x-AÞGK B, 3x + y = 16 ˆiLvwU
y-AÞGK D we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi ‰es ˆiLv«¼Gqi ˆQ`we±`y A. AbÅ y  9 = x, x + y = 9, y + 2 = 0 mgxKiY wZbwU ‰KwU wòfzGRi
‰KwU we±`y C(5,  3)| wZbwU evü|
K. P(3, 3a) ‰es Q(4, a2 + 1) we±`yMvgx ˆiLvi Xvj  1 nGj K. ‰gb ‰KwU mijGiLvi mgxKiY wbYÆq Ki hv x-AGÞi
abvñK w`GKi mvG^ 45 ˆKvY Drc®² KGi y-AÞGK 7
a ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2
‰KK `ƒGi ˆQ` KGi| 2
L. A we±`yMvgx ‰es 5 XvjwewkÓ¡ ˆiLvi mgxKiY wbYÆq Ki| 4
L. 4x + 4y = 27 mijGiLvwU DóxcGKi ˆKvb mijGiLvi
M. BCD ‰i ˆÞòdj wbYÆq Ki| 4
mgv¯¦ivj| 4
152 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb M. wòfz R wUi wPò Avu K ‰es ˆÞòdj wbYÆ q Ki| 4
a2 + 1  3a
K P(3, 3a) ‰es Q(4, a + 1) we±`yMvgx ˆiLvi Xvj = 4  3
2
153 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
2
a  3a + 1 2 K mijGiLvwU x AGÞi abvñK w`GKi mvG^ 45 ˆKvY Drc®² KGi|
= = a  3a + 1  mijGiLvwUi Xvj, m = tan 45 = 1
1
cÉkg² GZ, a2  3a + 1 =  1 y AGÞi ˆQ`K Ask, c = 7
ev, a2  3a + 1 + 1 = 0  mij ˆiLvwUi mgxKiY, y = mx + c = 1.x + 7
ev, a2  3a + 2 = 0  y = x + 7 (Ans.)
ev, a2  2a  a + 2 = 0 L ‰LvGb, 4x + 4y = 27
ev, a(a  2)  1(a  2) = 0 ev, 4y =  4x + 27
ev, (a  2)(a  1) = 0 ev, y =
 4x 27
+ y=x+
27
 a = 2, 1 (Ans.) 4 4 4
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, y = 3x + 4 ... ... ... (i)
  mijGiLvwUi Xvj, m1 =  1
‰es 3x + y = 16 ... ... ... (ii) Avgiv Rvwb, `yBwU mijGiLv ciÕ·i mgv¯¦ivj nGe hw`
ˆiLv«¼Gqi ˆQ`we±`y A. ˆiLv«¼Gqi Xvj«¼q mgvb nq|
(ii) bs mgxKiGY y = 3x + 4 ewmGq cvB, DóxcGKi cÉ^g mijGiLvwU, y  9 = x
3x + 3x + 4 = 16 y=x+9
ev, 6x + 4 = 16 Xvj, m2 = 1 wK¯§ m1  m2
ev, 6x = 12  x = 2 DóxcGKi w«¼Zxq mijGiLvwU, x + y = 9
x ‰i gvb (i) bs ‰ ewmGq cvB, y=x+9
y = 3.2 + 4 = 10 Xvj, m3 =  1
 A  (2, 10)
‰LvGb, m1 = m3
‰Lb, A(2, 10) we±`yMvgx ‰es 5 XvjwewkÓ¡ ˆiLvi mgxKiY:
y  10 = 5(x  2)  4x + 4y = 27 mijGiLvwU DóxcGKi w«¼Zxq mijGiLv
ev, y  10 = 5x  10 x + y = 9 ‰i mgv¯¦ivj| (Ans.)
ev, y = 5x  10 + 10 M cÉ`î ˆiLv wZbwU,

 y = 5x (Ans.) y9=x  y = x + 9 ... ... (i)
M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,
 x+y=9  y =  x + 9 ... ... (ii)
78 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆUÕ¡ ˆccvim ˆgBW BwR: Dîicò  DœPZi MwYZ
y+2=0 y=2  PZzfzÆRwUi
wecixZ evüàGjv ciÕ·i mgvb|
(i) I (ii) bs mgxKiY weGqvM KGi cvB, ‰Lb, KYÆ AC = (6  6)2 + (12 + 3)2 = 02 + 152 = 15
2x = 0  x = 0
KYÆ BD = (2  10)2 + (3  12)2
(i) bs ‰ x = 0 ewmGq, y = 0 + 9 = 9
= (8)2 + (15)2 = 17
 (i) I (ii) bs ˆiLvi ˆQ`we±`y A(0, 9)
KYÆ AC  KYÆ BD
(ii) bs ‰ y =  2 ewmGq cvB, x = 9  ( 2) = 11
 KYÆ«¼q mgvb bq|
 (ii) I (iii) bs ‰i ˆQ`we±`y B(11,  2)
 PZzfzÆRwUi wecixZevüàGjv ciÕ·i mgvb wK¯§ KYÆ«¼q mgvb
Avevi, (i) bs ‰ y =  2 ewmGq cvB,
x =  2  9 =  11
bq|
 (i) I (iii) bs ‰i ˆQ`we±`y C( 11,  2)  PZzfzÆRwU ‰KwU mvgv¯¦wiK| (Ans.)
x6 y  12
 ABC ‰i ˆÞòdj = 
1 0 11 11 0
eMƉKK M AB mijGiLvi mgxKiY, 6  2 = 12 + 3

2 9 2 2 9
x6 y  12
1
= (0 + 22 + 99 + 99+ 22 + 0) eMƉKK
ev, 4 = 15 ev, 15x  90 = 4y  48
2
1  15x  4y = 42 ... (i)
=  242 eMƉKK Avevi, CD mijGiLvi mgxKiY,
2
= 121 eMƉKK (Ans.) x  10 y  12 x  10 y  12
=
10  6 12 + 3
ev, 4 = 15
Y
ev, 15x  150 = 4y  48  15x  4y = 102 ... .. (ii)
(ii)
‰Lb, ˆKvGbv mijGiLv x AÞGK ˆh we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi ˆmB
(i)
we±`yi y Õ©vbvâ kƒbÅ|
A^Ævr, y = 0 ‰B gvb (i)bs ‰ ewmGq,
A(0, 9) 42
15x  4.0 = 42  x =
15
42
 (i) bs ˆiLv x AÞGK 15  0 we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
 
X X
y = 2 O (iii) Avevi, y = 0 (ii) bs ‰ ewmGq,
C(–11, –2) B (11,  2) 15x  4.0 = 102
102
x=
15
102
Y  (ii) bs ˆiLv x AÞGK  15  0 we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
cÉk²  154 XvKv ˆevWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 5  
42   102 
A(6, 12), B(2, 3), C(6,  3) I D(10, 12) ‰KwU PZzfzÆGRi PviwU gGb Kwi, E 0 ‰es F  0
 15   15 
kxlÆ we±`y|
ZvnGj, ABCD PZzfzÆGRi ˆh Ask cÉ^g PZzfÆvGM AeÕ©vb KGi
K. P (3, 4) ‰es Q(4, 2) we±`yMvgx mijGiLvi Xvj
Zv nGe A, E, F, D we±`y «¼viv MwVZ PZzfzÆR|
wbYÆq Ki| 2
L. A, B, C I D we±`y PviwU «¼viv MwVZ PZzfzÆR AvqZ bv 6 42 102 10 6
1 15 15
mvgv¯¦wiK Zv wbYÆq Ki| 4  PZzfzÆR AEFD ‰i ˆÞòdj =
2 12 0 0 12 12
M. ABCD PZzfzÆRwUi ˆh Ask 1g PZzfÆvGM AeÕ©vb
1
KGi Zvi ˆÞòdj wbYÆq Ki| 4 =
2
0 + 0 + 408
5
+ 120 
168
5
 0  0  72

154 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb 1
K P(3, 4) ‰es Q(4, 2) we±`y«¼q w`Gq MgbKvix mijGiLvi
 =  96 eMÆ ‰KK = 48 eMÆ ‰KK (Ans.)
2
24 2 2 cÉk²  155 hGkvi ˆevWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 5
Xvj =  4  (3) = 4 + 3 = 1 = 2 (Ans.)
P( 4, 12), Q(7, 7), R(10,  4) ‰es S(6, 0) ‰KwU PZzfzÆGRi PviwU
L A (6, 12) I D(10, 12) we±`y `yBwU cÉ^g PZzfÆvGM ‰es

kxlÆwe±`y|
B(2, 3) I C(6, 3) we±`y `yBwU PZz^Æ PZzfÆvGM AewÕ©Z|
K. PR ‰i `ƒiZ½ wbYÆq Ki| 2
AB evüi Š`NÆÅ = (6  2)2 + (12 + 3)2
L. ˆjLwPGò cÉ`kÆbcƒeÆK PQRS PZzfzÆRwUi ˆÞòdj wbYÆq Ki| 4
= 42 + 152 = 241
M. PS ˆiLvwU x AÞ I y AGÞi mvG^ ˆh wòfzR MVb KGi
BC evüi Š`NÆÅ = (2  6)2 + ( 3 + 3)2 =
(4)2 + 02 = 4
Zvi ˆÞòdj wbYÆq Ki| 4
CD evüi Š`NÆÅ = (6  10) + (3  12)
2 2
155 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
= (4)2 + (15)2 = 241 K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, P  (4, 12)

AD evüi Š`NÆÅ = (6  10)2 + (12  12)2 = (4)2 + 02 = 4 R  (10, 4)
‰LvGb, AB evüi Š`NÆÅ = CD evüi Š`NÆÅ  PR = (10 + 4)2 + ( 4  12)2 ‰KK
‰es BC evüi Š`NÆÅ = AD evüi Š`NÆÅ = 2
14 + ( 16) 2
‰KK
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ  ‰Kv`k AaÅvq: Õ©vbvâ RÅvwgwZ 79
= 2 113 ‰KK (Ans.) ev, 2y = 3x  6
L we±`y cvZGbi gvaÅGg xy mgZGj PQRS PZzfzÆRwU ˆ`LvGbv nGjv|
 3
ev, y = 2 x  3
Y Dfq AGÞ Þz`ËZi 1 eMÆ 3
= 1 ‰KK  y = mx + c ‰i mvG^ Zzjbv KGi cvB, Xvj, m = 2 (Ans.)
P(4, 12) 3
L 2 XvjwewkÓ¡ ‰es C(2, 1) we±`yMvgx mijGiLvi mgxKiY,

a
3
Q(7, 7) (y + 1) = 2 (x  2)
ev, 2y + 2 = 3x  6
d b
ev, 3x  6  2y  2 = 0
X O S(6, 0) X  3x  2y  8 = 0 (Ans)
c x = 0 ewmGq cvB,
R(10, 4) 3.0  2.y  8 = 0
Y ev,  2y = 8
y=4
we±`ymgƒnGK Nwoi KuvUvi wecixZ w`GK wbGq PZzfzÆRGÞò
 y AGÞi ˆQ`we±`y (0, 4) (Ans.)
1 7 –4 6 10 7
PQRS |
‰i ˆÞòdj = 2 7 12 0 – 4 7 eMÆ ‰KK | M gGb Kwi, A(x, y) ‰es B(a, b) ‰KwU mgZGj AewÕ©Z `yBwU

1
= (84 + 0 – 24 + 70 + 28 – 72 – 0 + 28) eMÆ ‰KK wf®² we±`y| A I B we±`y ˆ^GK x AGÞi Dci jÁ¼ AM I BN
2
AuvwK| Avevi A we±`y ˆ^GK BN ‰i Dci jÁ¼ AR AuvwK|
1
= (114) eMÆ ‰KK = 57 eMÆ ‰KK (Ans.) ‰Lb, A we±`yi fzR = OM = x ‰es A we±`yi ˆKvwU = MA = y
2
M
 P  ( 4, 12), S  (6, 0) B we±`yi fzR = ON = a I ˆKvwU = NB = b
Y
 PS ˆiLvi mgxKiY : B((a, b)

y  12 x+4
= (x, y)
12  0  4  6 A R
y  12 12 y  12 6
ev, x + 4 =  10 ev, x + 4 =  5
6 6 24
ev, y  12 =  5 (x + 4) ev, y  12 =  5 x  5 X
O X
M N
6 24 6 36
ev, y =  5 x  5 + 12  y =  5 x + 5 ... ... ... ... (i)
Y
(i) bs ˆiLvwU x-AÞGK (6, 0) we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi ‰es y-AÞGK
wPò nGZ Avgiv cvB,
0 36  we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi| AR = MN = ON  OM = a  x
 5
BR = NB  NR = NB  MA = b  y
‰LvGb, Drc®² wòfzRwU mgGKvYx|
36 Aâb AbymvGi, ABR ‰KwU mgGKvYx wòfzR ‰es AB
 evü«¼Gqi Š`NÆÅ = 6 ‰KK ‰es 5 ‰KK wòfzGRi AwZfzR| ZvB cx^vGMvivGmi Dccv`Å Abyhvqx,

1
ˆÞòdj = 2  6  5 eMÆ ‰KK
36 AB2 = AR2 + BR2 ev, AB =  AR2 + BR2
ev, AB =  (a  x)2 + (b  y)2 =  (x  a)2 + (y  b)2
108
=
5
eMÆ ‰KK ˆhGnZz, `ƒiZ½ memgq AFYvñK nq ˆmGnZz, AB ‰i
= 21.6 eMÆ ‰KK (Ans.) Š`NÆÅ = (x  a)2 + (y  b)2 (cÉgvwYZ)
cÉk²  157 mKj ˆevWÆ-2018  cÉk² bs 6
cÉk²  156 ewikvj ˆevWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 5
(i) 5x + 4y  20 = 0 ‰es (ii) 4x  5y + 20 = 0 `yBwU mijGiLvi
3x  2y = 6 ‰KwU mijGiLvi mgxKiY ‰es A(x, y) I B(a, b)
`ywU we±`yi Õ©vbvsK| mgxKiY|
K. mijGiLvwUi Xvj wbYÆq Ki| 2 K. wPòmn ŠbKZjxq ˆiLvi A¯¦MÆZ ˆKvGYi msæv `vI| 2
L. mijGiLvwUi mgvb XvjwewkÓ¡ ‰es C(2,  1) we±`yMvgx L. Xvj wbYÆ Gqi gvaÅGg ˆ`LvI ˆh, (i) bs I (ii) bs
mijGiLvi mgxKiY wbYÆq KGi mijGiLvwU «¼viv y AGÞi mijGiLv `yBwU ciÕ·Gii Dci jÁ¼ ‰es ˆjLwPGòi
ˆQ` we±`yi Õ©vbvsK wbYÆq Ki| 4 gvaÅGg mZÅZv hvPvB Ki| 4
M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, AB ‰i Š`NÆÅ = (x  a) + (y  b) .
2 2
4 M. ˆ`LvI ˆh, (i) bs mijGiLvwU AÞ«¼Gqi mvG^ ˆh wòfzR
Drc®² KGi Zvi ˆÞòdj 10 eMÆ ‰KK| 4
156 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
157 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
K cÉ`î mijGiLvi mgxKiY, K ŠbKZjxq ˆiLvi (Skew lines) A¯¦MÆZ ˆKvY: `yBwU ŠbKZjxq
3x  2y = 6 ˆiLvi A¯¦MÆZ ˆKvY ZvG`i ˆhGKvGbv ‰KwU I Zvi DciÕ©
ev, 3x  6 = 2y ˆKvGbv we±`y ˆ^GK AwâZ AciwUi mgv¯¦ivj ˆiLvi A¯¦MÆZ
80 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆUÕ¡ ˆccvim ˆgBW BwR: Dîicò  DœPZi MwYZ
ˆKvGYi mgvb| Avevi `yBwU ŠbKZjxq ˆiLvi cÉGZÅGKi mgv¯¦ivj
1 0 4 0 0
`yBwU ˆiLv ˆKvGbv we±`yGZ Aâb KiGj H we±`yGZ Drc®² ˆKvGYi ‰Lb, OAB ‰i ˆÞòdj = 2 0 0 5 0
cwigvYI ŠbKZjxq ˆiLv«¼Gqi A¯¦MÆZ ˆKvGYi mgvb| 1
D = {(0 + 20 + 0)  (0 + 0 + 0)}
2
Q 1
=  20
C
A B
2
O P
= 10 eMÆ ‰KK (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
gGb Kwi, AB I CD `yBwU ŠbKZjxq ˆiLv| ˆhGKvGbv O cÉk²  158 w`bvRcyi ˆevWÆ 2017  cÉk² bs 5
we±`yGZ AB I CD ‰i mgv¯¦ivj h^vKÌGg OP ‰es OQ
ˆiLv«¼q Aâb KiGj POQ B AB I CD ‰i A¯¦MÆZ ˆKvb PviwU we±`yi Õ©vbvâ h^vKÌGg A(0, 1), B(−1, −2), C(2, −3),
wbG`Æk KiGe| D(3, 0)
L cÉ`î (i) bs ˆiLv, 5x + 4y  20 = 0
 K. AB ˆiLvi Xvj wbYÆq Ki| 2
ev, 4y =  5x + 20 L. ABCD PZz f z Æ G Ri ˆÞòdj wbYÆ q Ki| 4
y= x+5
5 M. AC I BD ˆiLvi ˆQ`we±`yi Õ©vbvâ wbYÆq Ki| 4
4 158 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
5
 (i) bs ˆiLvi Xvj  K
 A I B we±`y i Õ©vbvâ h^vKÌGg (0, 1) I (1, 2)
4
Avevi, cÉ`î (ii) bs ˆiLv, 4x  5y + 20 = 0  AB ˆiLvi Xvj =
 2 1 3
= = 3 (Ans.)
ev, 5y = 4x + 20  1 0 1
4 L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,

y= x+4
5 PviwU we±`yi Õ©vbvâ A(0, 1), B( 1,  2), C(2, 3)
4
 (ii) bs ˆiLvi Xvj
5
I D(3, 0)
5 4 we±`ymgƒnGK Nwoi KuvUvi wecixZ w`GK wbGq PZzfzÆR ˆÞò
 Xvj«¼Gqi àYdj =   = 1
4 5 1 0 1 2 3 0 
ABCD ‰i ˆÞòdj = 
 ˆiLv«¼q ciÕ·i jÁ¼| (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) 2  1 2 3 0 1 
(i) bs nGZ cvB, 5x + 4y = 20 1 1
5x 4y x y = (0 + 3 + 0 + 3 + 1 + 4 + 9  0) =  20
2 2
ev, 20 + 20 = 1  4 + 5 = 1
= 10 eMÆ ‰KK (Ans.)
(ii) bs nGZ cvB, 4x  5y = 20 x0 y1
4x 5y x y M AC ˆiLvi mgxKiY, 0  2 = 1 + 3

ev, 20 + 20 = 1 ev, 5 + 4 = 1
x y1
QK KvMGR (4, 0) ‰es (0, 5) we±`y Õ©vcb KGi ˆhvM KGi (i) ev,  2 = 4
bs ˆiLv cvB|
QK KvMGR (5, 0) ‰es (0, 4) we±`y Õ©vcb KGi (ii) bs ˆiLv cvB| ev, 4x =  2y + 2
xI y AÞ eivei Þz`Ë 5 ev, 4x + 2y  2 = 0
6 eMÆ = 1 ‰KK  2x + y  1 = 0 ... ... ... (i)
5
(0, 5) Avevi, BD ˆiLvi mgxKiY,
x  ( 1) y  ( 2)
4 =
(0, 4) 13 20
3 x+1 y+2
ev,  4 =  2
(ii) 2 (i)

1 ev,  2x  2 =  4y  8
( 5,
0) (4, 0) ev, 2x  4y  6 = 0
5 4 3 2 1 O 1 2 3 4 5 6  x  2y  3 = 0 ... ... ... (ii)

ˆjLwPò nGZ ˆ`Lv hvq (i) I (ii) bs ˆiLv ciÕ·i jÁ¼| ‰LvGb, (i) bs I (ii) bs mgxKiY«¼Gqi mgvavbB AC I BD
x y mijGiLvi ˆQ`we±`yi Õ©vbvâ|
M ‘L’ nGZ cvB, (i) bs mijGiLv, 4 + 5 = 1

(i) bs ˆK 2 «¼viv àY KGi (ii) bs ‰i mvG^ ˆhvM KGi cvB,
 (i) bs ˆiLv x AÞGK A(4, 0) ‰es y AÞGK B(0, 5) we±`yGZ 4x + 2y  2 = 0
ˆQ` KGi| y x  2y  3 = 0
5x 5=0
B(0, 5) ev, 5x = 5  x = 1
‰Lb, (i) bs ‰ x = 1 ewmGq cvB,
2.1 + y  1 = 0
ev, y =  2 + 1
O(0, 0) x  y=1
O A(4, 0)
 AC I BD ˆiLvi ˆQ`we±`yi Õ©vbvâ (1,  1) (Ans.)
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ  ‰Kv`k AaÅvq: Õ©vbvâ RÅvwgwZ 81
AB evüi Š`NÆÅ = (– 4 – 2)2 + (4 + 4)2 = 10 ‰KK
cÉk²  159 KzwgÍÏv ˆevWÆ 2017  cÉk² bs 5
BC evüi Š`NÆÅ = (3 + 4)2 + (3 – 4)2 = 50 ‰KK
A(3, −6), B(−6, −2), C(−2, 6) ‰es D(8, 4) ‰KB mgZGj
AewÕ©Z PviwU we±`y| AC evüi Š`NÆÅ = (3 – 2)2 + (3 + 4)2 = 50 ‰KK
K. B I C we±`yi `ƒiZ½ wbYÆq Ki| 2 ‰LvGb, BC2 + AC2 = ( 50)2 + ( 50)2 = 50 + 50
L. P(x, y) we±`y ˆ^GK x-AGÞi I A we±`yi `ƒiZ½ mgvb nGj = 100 = (10)2 = AB2
 ABC ‰KwU mgGKvYx wòfzR|
ˆ`LvI ˆh, x2 − 6x + 12y + 45 = 0 4
M. ABCD PZzfzÆGRi kxlÆmgƒn Nwoi KuvUvi wecixZ w`GK Avevi, AC evü = BC evü = 50 ‰KK
AvewZÆZ aGi wbGq PZzfzÆGRi ˆÞòdj I cwimxgv ˆei  ABC ‰KwU mgGKvYx I mgw«¼evü wòfzR| (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
Ki| 4 
M ABC ‰i ˆÞòdj = 2 3
1 3 –4 2 3
4 4 3
159 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
K B(−6, −2) I C(−2, 6) we±`y«¼Gqi `ƒiZ½
 1
= (12 + 16 + 6 + 12 – 8 + 12)
2
= (−2 + 6)2 + (6 + 2)2 = 16 + 64 1
= 80 = 16  5 = 4 5 ‰KK (Ans.) =  50 = 25 eMÆ ‰KK
2
L P(x, y) we±`y ˆ^GK
 A(3, −6) we±`yi `ƒiZ½ cÉk²gGZ, e†Gîi ˆÞòdj = wòfzGRi ˆÞòdj = 25 eMÆ ‰KK
= (3 − x)2 + (−6 − y)2 awi, e†Gîi eÅvmvaÆ = r ‰KK
Avevi, P(x, y) we±`y ˆ^GK x-AGÞi `ƒiZ½ = P we±`yi ˆKvwU = y  e†Gîi ˆÞòdj = r2 eMÆ ‰KK
cÉkg² GZ, (3 − x)2 + (−6 − y)2 = y 25
 r2 = 25 ev, r2 = 3.1416
ev, 9 − 6x + x2 + 36 + 12y + y2 = y2 [eMÆ KGi]
 x2 − 6x + 12y + 45 = 0 (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) ev, r2 = 7.957728  r = 2.82 ‰KK (Ans.)
M ABCD PZzfzÆGRi ˆÞòdj
 cÉk²  161 ewikvj ˆevWÆ 2017  cÉk² bs 6
1 8 −2 −6 3 8 A(7, 2), B( 4, 2), C( 4,  3) ‰es D(7,  3) we±`yàGjv ABCD
|
= 4 6 −2 −6 4
2 | PZzfzÆGRi PviwU kxlÆwe±`y|
1
= (48 + 4 + 36 + 12 + 8 + 36 + 6 + 48)
2
K. AB ˆiLvi mgxKiY wbYÆq Ki| 2
1 L. A ‰es B we±`y ˆ^GK mg`ƒieZÆx Aci ‰KwU we±`y
=  198 = 99 eMÆ ‰KK p(t, 2t) nGj, t ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4
2
 ABCD PZzfzÆGRi ˆÞòdj = 99 eMÆ ‰KK (Ans.) M. ˆ`LvI ˆh, ABCD PZzfzÆRwU ‰KwU AvqZ| 4
Avevi, AB evüi Š`NÆÅ = (−6 − 3)2 + (−2 + 6)2 = 97 161 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
BC evüi Š`NÆÅ = (−2 + 6)2 + (6 + 2)2 = 80 K A(7, 2) I B( 4, 2) we±`y w`Gq hvq ‰gb ˆiLvi mgxKiY
x7 y2
CD evüi Š`NÆÅ = (8 + 2)2 + (4 − 6)2 = 104 A^Ævr, AB ˆiLvi mgxKiY, 7  ( 4) = 2  2
AD evüi Š`NÆÅ = (8 − 3)2 + (4 + 6)2 = 125 x7 y2
ev, 7 + 4 =
 ABCD PZzfzÆGRi cwimxgv = AB + BC + CD + AD 0
= 97 + 80 + 104 + 125 ev, y  2 = 0
= 40.17 ‰KK (cÉvq) (Ans.)  y = 2 (Ans.)
L kZÆgGZ,

cÉk²  160 hGkvi ˆevWÆ 2017  cÉk² bs 5
A(7, 2) we±`y ˆ^GK P(t, 2t) we±`yi `ƒiZ½ = B(4, 2) we±`y
ABC ‰i wZbwU kxlÆwe±`y h^vKÌGg A(2, – 4), B(– 4, 4) ˆ^GK P(t, 2t) we±`yi `ƒiZ½
‰es C(3, 3). ev, (t  7)2 + (2t  2)2 = (t + 4)2 + (2t  2)2
K. AB mijGiLvi mgxKiY wbYÆq Ki| 2
ev, (t  7)2 + (2t  2)2 = (t + 4)2 + (2t  2)2 [eMÆ KGi]
L. ˆ`LvI ˆh, ABC ‰KwU mgGKvYx I mgw«¼evü wòfzR| 4
ev, (t  7)2 + (2t  2)2  (t + 4)2  (2t  2)2 = 0
M. ABC ‰i ˆÞòdGji mgvb ˆÞòdjwewkÓ¡ e†Gîi
ev, (t  7)2  (t + 4)2 = 0
eÅvmvaÆ wbYÆq Ki| 4
160 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb ev, (t2  14t + 49)  (t2 + 8t + 16) = 0
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, A I B we±`yi Õ©vbvâ h^vKÌGg (2, – 4)
 ev, t2  14t + 49  t2  8t  16 = 0
‰es (– 4, 4) ev,  22t + 33 = 0
x–2 y – (– 4) ev,  22t =  33
Ô AB mijGiLvi mgxKiY, 2 – (– 4) = – 4 – 4  33 3
x–2 y+4
ev, t =  22  t = 2
ev, 6
=
–8
ev, –8x + 16 = 6y + 24 3
t ‰i gvb 2 (Ans.)
ev, 8x + 6y + 8 = 0  4x + 3y + 4 = 0 (Ans.)
L ABC ‰i kxlÆwe±`yàGjv A(2, – 4), B(– 4, 4) ‰es C(3, 3)

82 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆUÕ¡ ˆccvim ˆgBW BwR: Dîicò  DœPZi MwYZ
M
 Y x2
ev,  1 =  5
y+5
B ( 4, 2) A (7, 2)
X X
ev,  5x + 10 =  y  5
ev,  5x + 10 + y + 5 = 0
ev, 5x  10  y  5 = 0
C ( 4,  3)
D (7,  3)  5x  y  15 = 0 (Ans.)

Y
Avevi, AB ˆiLvi Š`NÆÅ = (3  2)2 + {0  ( 5)}2 ‰KK
= 1 + 25 ‰KK
ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, A(7, 2), B(4, 2), C(4,  3) ‰es D(7, 3)
= 26 ‰KK (Ans.)
we±`yàGjv ABCD PZzfzÆGRi PviwU kxlÆwe±`y| hvi evüàGjv nGjv 
M A(2,  5), B(3, 0) ‰es C( 1, 0) we±`yàGjv QK KvMGR
AB, BC, CD, AD ‰es KYÆ«¼q AC I BD|
Õ©vcb Kwi ‰es ciÕ·i we±`yàGjv ˆhvM Kwi|
‰LvGb, AB = {7  ( 4)}2 + (2  2)2
Y ˆÕ•j: Dfq AÞ eivei Þz`ËZg
= (7 + 4)2 + 02 = 112 = 11 3 eMÆ = 1 ‰KK
CD = ( 4  7)2 + ( 3 + 3)2 = ( 11)2 + 02 = 112 = 11
C(−1, 0) O B(3, 0) X
AD = (7  7)2 + ( 3  2)2 = 02 + ( 5)2 = 52 = 5 X
BC = ( 4 + 4)2 + (2 + 3)2 = 02 + 52 = 52 = 5
AC = (7 + 4)2 + (2 + 3)2
= 112 + 52 = 121 + 25 = 146
BD = (7 + 4)2 + ( 3  2)2
= 112 + ( 5)2 = 121 + 25 = 146
‰Lb, ABCD PZzfzÆGRi AB = CD = 11, AD = BC = 5, A(2,–5)

KYÆ AC = KYÆ BD = 146 Y

 ABCD PZzfzÆGRi wecixZ evü«¼q ciÕ·i mgvb ‰es KYÆ«¼q
mgvb nIqvq ABCD ‰KwU AvqZGÞò| (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) ‰Lb, A, B I C we±`yòq Nwoi KuvUvi wecixZ w`GK wbGq
cÉk²  162 wmGjU ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 3
5 Xvj wewkÓ¡ ‰KwU ˆiLv A(2, –5) we±`y w`Gq hvq ‰es x AÞGK
ABC
1
| 2 3 1 2 |
‰i ˆÞòdj = 2 5 0 0 5 eMÆ ‰KK
1
B we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi| A we±`yMvgx AbÅ ‰KwU ˆiLv x AÞGK C(–1, 0) = {(2  0) + (3  0) + (1)  (5)  (5)  3  0  (1)
2
we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|  0  2}
K. A we±`yMvgx mijGiLvi mgxKiY wbYÆq Ki| 2 1 1
= (5 + 15) =  20 = 10 eMÆ ‰KK
2 2
L. AB ˆiLvi mgxKiY ‰es Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq Ki| 4
 ABC ‰i ˆÞòdj 10 eMÆ ‰KK| (Ans.)
M. QK KvMGR Õ©vcbcƒeÆK ABC ‰i kxlÆwe±`yi
Õ©vbvGâi mvnvGhÅ ˆÞòdj wbYÆq Ki| 4 cÉk²  163 XvKv ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 4
162 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
A(1, 4a) ‰es B(5, a –1) we±`yMvgx ˆiLvi Xvj –1
2
K A(2, 5) we±`yMvgx I 5 Xvj wewkÓ¡ mijGiLvi mgxKiY,
K. ˆ`LvI ˆh, a ‰i `yBwU gvb iGqGQ| 2
y  ( 5) = 5(x  2)
L. a ‰i gvb«¼Gqi RbÅ ˆh PviwU we±`y cvIqv hvq ZvG`i C,
ev, y + 5 = 5x  10
D, E I F aGi MwVZ PZyfzÆR CDEF ‰i ˆÞòdj wbYÆq
ev, 5x  y  10  5 = 0
 5x  y  15 = 0. (Ans.)
Ki| 4
L ‘K’ ˆ^GK cvB,
 M. PZyfzÆRwU mvgv¯¦wiK bv AvqZ? ˆZvgvi gZvgGZi cGÞ
A we±`yMvgx mijGiLvi mgxKiY
hywÚ `vI| 4
5x  y  15 = 0
163 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
ˆhGnZz ˆiLvwU x-AÞGK B we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi, K A (1, 4a) ‰es B(5, a2 1)

a2  1  4a a2  4a  1
ˆmGnZz B we±`yi ˆKvwU, y = 0  AB ˆiLvi Xvj = 51
=
4
myZivs, 5x  0  15 = 0 a2  4a  1
15 cÉkg² GZ, = 1
ev, 5x = 15 ev, x = 5  x = 3 4
ev, a2  4a  1 =  4 ev, a2  4a  1 + 4 = 0
 B we±`yi Õ©vbvâ (3, 0)
ev, a2  4a + 3 = 0 ev, a2  3a  a + 3 = 0
‰Lb, A(2,  5) I B(3, 0) we±`yMvgx mijGiLvi mgxKiY,
ev, a(a  3)  1(a  3) = 0
x  2 y  ( 5)
=  (a  3) (a  1) = 0
23 50
nq, a  1 = 0 A^ev, a  3 = 0
 a=1  a=3
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ  ‰Kv`k AaÅvq: Õ©vbvâ RÅvwgwZ 83
myZivs, a = 1, 3 = 0 + (8)2 ‰KK = 8 ‰KK
A^Ævr, a ‰i gvb `yBwU| (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) DE = (5  1) + (8  12)2 ‰KK
2

L ‘K’ ˆ^GK cvB,

 = 42 + (4)2 ‰KK = 16 + 16 ‰KK
a = 3 A^ev, a = 1 = 32 ‰KK = 4 2 ‰KK
a ‰i gvb 3 nGj, we±`yàGjv (1, 4  3) ‰es (5 , 32  1) EF = (1  1)2 + (12  4)2 ‰KK
A^Ævr, (1, 12) ‰es (5, 8) = 0 + (8)2 ‰KK = 8 ‰KK
‰es a ‰i gvb 1 nGj, we±`yàGjv (1, 4  1) ‰es (5, 12  1) FC = (1  5)2 + (4  0)2 ‰KK
A^Ævr, (1, 4) ‰es (5, 0) = 42 + 42 ‰KK = 16 + 16 ‰KK
ZvnGj, we±`yàGjv C(5, 0), D(5, 8), E(1, 12) ‰es F(1, 4)
= 32 ‰KK = 4 2 ‰KK
‰Lb, we±`ymgƒnGK Nwoi KuvUvi wecixZ w`GK wbGq PZyfzÆR
1 5 5 1 1 5
‰es KYÆ, CE = (5  1)2 + (0  12)2 ‰KK
|
ˆÞò CDEF ‰i ˆÞòdj = 2 0 8 12 4 0 eMÆ ‰KK| = 42 + (12)2 ‰KK = 16 + 144 ‰KK
1 = 160 ‰KK = 4 10 ‰KK
= (40 + 60 + 4 + 0  0 8 12 20) eMÆ ‰KK
2 ‰es KYÆ, DF = (5  1)2 + (8  4)2 ‰KK
1 1
= (104  40) eMÆ ‰KK = (64) eMÆ ‰KK = 42 + 42 ‰KK = 16 + 16 ‰KK
2 2
= 32 ‰KK = 4 2 ‰KK
= 32 eMÆ ‰KK (Ans.)
‰LvGb, CDEF PZyfzÆRwUi
M CDEF PZyfzÆRwUi kxlÆwe±`yàGjv C(5, 0), D(5, 8), E(1, 12)
 CD = wecixZ evü EF = 8 ‰KK
‰es F(1, 4) ‰es DE = wecixZ evü FC = 4 2 ‰KK
‰Lb, CD = (5  5)2 + (0  8)2 ‰KK wK¯¦y, KYÆ CE  KYÆ DF
myZivs, CDEF PZyfzÆRwU ‰KwU mvgv¯¦wiK|
84 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆUÕ¡ ˆccvim ˆgBW BwR: Dîicò  DœPZi MwYZ

AaÅvq 12: mgZjxq ˆfÙi

ˆevWÆ cixÞvi cÉk² I mgvavb
cÉk²  72 ivRkvnx ˆevWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 5 ˆÕ•j: Dfq AÞ eivei Y
3 eMÆ = 1 ‰KK D
A(p, 3p), B(p , 2p), C(p – 2, p) ‰es D(1, 1) PviwU wf®² we±`y|
2

AaÅvq 11 I 12 ‰i mg®¼Gq
1 X O S X
K. BC ˆiLvi Xvj 2 nGj, p ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2
C
L. AB I CD ˆiLv mgv¯¦ivj nGj p ‰i mÁ¿veÅ gvb wbYÆq
Ki| 4 R B
M. ‘L’ nGZ cÉvµ¦ ‘p’ ‰i FYvñK gvb eÅenvi KGi A, B, C, D
we±`y «¼viv MwVZ UÇvwcwRqvGgi Amgv¯¦ivj evü«¼Gqi A

gaÅwe±`y R I S nGj ˆfÙGii mvnvGhÅ cÉgvY Ki ˆh,

1 Y
RS || AB || CD ‰es RS = (AB + CD). 4
2
72 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb gGb Kwi, ABCD UÇvwcwRqvGgi AC I BD evü«¼q Amgv¯¦ivj
‰es AB I CD evü«¼q mgv¯¦ivj| R I S h^vKÌGg AC I BD
K B I C we±`yi Õ©vbvâ h^vKÌGg (p2, 2p) I (p  2, p)
 evü«¼Gqi gaÅwe±`y| R, S ˆhvM Kiv nGjv| cÉgvY KiGZ nGe
p  2p p
 BC ˆiLvi Xvj = p  2  p2 = p  2  p2 ˆh, RS || AB || CD ‰es RS = 2 (AB + CD).
1

p 1 cÉgvY: gGb Kwi, ˆKvb ˆfÙi gƒjwe±`yi mvGcGÞ A, B, C I D

cÉkg² GZ, p  2  p2 = 2
we±`yi AeÕ©vb ˆfÙi h^vKÌGg a, b, c I d|
ev,  2p = p  2  p2  
 AB = b  a, CD = d  c
ev, p2  3p + 2 = 0 1
ev, p2  2p  p + 2 = 0 R we±`yi AeÕ©vb ˆfÙi = 2 (a + c)
ev, p(p  2)  1(p  2) = 0 1
‰es S we±`yi AeÕ©vb ˆfÙi = 2 (b + d)
ev, (p  2)(p  1) = 0
 p = 1, 2 (Ans.)  1 1 1
 RS = (b + d)  (a + c) = (b + d  a  c)
L
 ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, A(p, 3p), B(p2 , 2p), C(p  2, p) 2 2 2
1
‰es D(1, 1) PviwU we±`y| = {(b  a) + (d  c)}
2
2p  3p
AB ˆiLvi Xvj, m1 = 2  1  
 RS = (AB + CD)
p p 2
p  1  
=
p(p  1) 2 |
 |RS| = (AB + CD) |
1 1
=
(1  p) myZivs, RS = 2 (AB + CD)
1    
= wK¯§, AB I CD ciÕ·i mgv¯¦ivj nIqvq AB + CD
1p  
p–1 p–1 ˆfÙiwUI ZvG`i (A^Ævr AB I CD ‰i) mgv¯¦ivj nGe|
CD ˆiLvi Xvj, m2 = =   
p–2–1 p–3 myZivs, RS ˆfÙiwUI AB I CD ‰i mgv¯¦ivj nGe|
ˆhGnZz AB || CD, myZivs m1 = m2 1
1 p–1 AZ‰e, RS || AB || CD ‰es RS = 2 (AB + CD) (cÉgvwYZ)
ev, 1 – p = p – 3
cÉk²  73 KzwgÍÏv ˆevWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 4
ev, p – 3 = p – 1 – p2 + p
ev, p2 – p – 2 = 0 A D

ev, p2 – 2p + p – 2 = 0 O
ev, p(p – 2) + 1(p – 2) = 0
P
ev, (p – 2) (p + 1) = 0 B C
 p = – 1 A^ev 2 (Ans.)
wPGò ABCD ‰KwU mvgv¯¦wiK|
M ‘L’ ˆ^GK cvB, p =  1
 AaÅvq 3 I 12 ‰i mg®¼Gq
 A(p, 3p) ( 1,  3) K. BD ‰i Dci AB ‰es AD ‰i jÁ¼-AwfGÞc wbYÆq Ki| 2
B(p2, 2p)  (1,  2)
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, AB2 + AD2 = 2(AO2 + BO2) 4
C(p  2, p)  ( 3,  1)
D(1, 1) M. ˆfÙi c«¬wZGZ cÉgvY Ki ˆh, AO = OC ‰es BO = OD 4
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ  «¼v`k AaÅvq: mgZjxq ˆfÙi 85
73 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb cÉk²gGZ, eMÆGÞGòi ˆÞòdj = ABCD PZzfÆyGRi ˆÞòdj
K BD ‰i Dci AB ‰i jÁ¼ AwfGÞc BP ‰es AD ‰i jÁ¼
 = 48 eMÆ ‰KK
AwfGÞc DP.  eMÆGÞGòi evüi Š`NÆÅ = 48 ‰KK = 16  3 = 4 3 ‰KK
L
 A  eMÆGÞGòi KGYÆi Š`NÆÅ = 2  evüi Š`NÆÅ = 2  4 3 ‰KK
= 4 6 ‰KK (Ans.)
M
 A D

B D P Q
P O

weGkl wbeÆPb: gGb Kwi, ABD ‰i AO gaÅgv hv BD evüGK B C

mgw«¼LwíZ KGiGQ ‰es AP  BD. cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, AB2
‰LvGb, ABCD UÇvwcwRqvGgi AB I CD Amgv¯¦ivj evü«¼Gqi
+ AD2 = 2 (AO2 + BO2)
cÉgvYt AOB ‰ AOB mƒßGKvY gaÅwe±`y h^vKÌGg P I Q| cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, PQ || AD ||
1
 mƒßGKvGYi ˆÞGò cx^vGMvivGmi DccvG`Åi weÕ¦‡wZ BC ‰es PQ = 2 (AD + BC)
AbymvGi, cÉgvY: gGb Kwi, gƒjwe±`yi mvGcGÞ A, B, C I D we±`yi
AB2 = AO2 + BO2 − 2BO . OP ........... (i)
AeÕ©vb ˆfÙi h^vKÌGg a, b, c I d
Avevi, AOD ‰i gGaÅ AOD Õ©ƒjGKvY|  
 BC = c – b ‰es AD = d – a
 Õ©ƒjGKvGYi ˆÞGò cx^vGMvivGmi DccvG`ÅiweÕ¦‡wZ
1
AbymvGi cvB, AD2 = AO2 + OD2 + 2OD.OP ... ... (ii) P we±`yi AeÕ©vb ˆfÙi = 2 (a + b) [ P, AB ‰i gaÅwe±`y]
(i) I (ii) bs mgxKiY ˆhvM KGi cvB, 1
AB2 + AD2 = AO2 + BO2  2BO . OP + AO2 + OD2
Q we±`yi AeÕ©vb ˆfÙi = 2 (c + d) [ Q, CD ‰i gaÅwe±`y]
+ 2OD.OP  1 1 1
= 2AO2 + BO2 − 2BO.OP + BO2 + 2BO.OP ‰Lb, PQ = 2 (c + d) – 2(a + b) = 2 (c + d – a – b)
[‹ BO = OD] 1 1  
= 2AO2 + 2BO2 = {(c – b) + (d – a)} = (BC + AD)
2 2
 AB2 + AD2 = 2 (AO2 + BO)2 (cÉgvwYZ) wK¯§ BC I AD ciÕ·i mgv¯¦ivj nIqvq (BC + AD)
 

M cvVÅeBGqi AaÅvq-12 ‰i D`vniY-4 `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-283

 ˆfÙiwUI ZvG`i (A^Ævr BC I AD ‰i) mgv¯¦ivj nGe|
cÉk²  74 XvKv ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 4 myZivs PQ ˆfÙiI BC I AD ‰i mgv¯¦ivj nGe|
 1  

ABCD PZzfzÆGRi A(6,  4), B(2, 2), C(2, 2), D(6, 4) kxlÆ ‰Lb PQ = 2 (AD + BC)
we±`ymgƒn Nwoi KuvUvi wecixZ w`GK AvewZÆZ|  1  
 |PQ| = |AD + BC|
AaÅvq 11 I 12 ‰i mg®¼Gq 2
K. BD ‰i Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq Ki| 2 1
A^Ævr PQ = 2 (AD + BC)
L. ABCD PZzfzÆGRi ˆÞòdGji mgvb ˆÞòdjwewkÓ¡ ‰KwU
1
eMÆGÞGòi KGYÆi Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq Ki| 4 A^Ævr PQ || AD || BC ‰es PQ = 2 (AD + BC) (cÉgvwYZ)
M. ABCD ‰KwU UÇvwcwRqvg ‰es P I Q h^vKÌGg AB I CD
cÉk²  75 ivRkvnx ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 4
‰i gaÅwe±`y nGj ˆfÙGii mvnvGhÅ cÉgvY Ki ˆh,
1 ‰KwU PZzfÆyGRi PviwU kxlÆ h^vKÌGg A(7, 2), B( 4, 2), C( 4, 3)
PQ || AD || BC ‰es PQ = (AD + BC) 4
2 ‰es D(7, 3). AaÅvq 11 I 12 ‰i mg®¼Gq
74 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb K. AC mijGiLvi mgxKiY wbYÆq Ki| 2
K B(2, 2) I D(–6, –4) we±`y«¼Gqi gaÅeZÆx `ƒiZ½ A^Ævr BD ‰i Š`NÆÅ
 L. PZzfzÆRwU mvgv¯¦wiK bv AvqZ Zv wbYÆq Ki| 4
= (–6 – 2)2 + (–4 – 2)2 ‰KK M. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ PZzfÆyRwUi mw®²wnZ evüàGjvi gaÅwe±`y
= 64 + 36 ‰KK h^vKÌGg P, Q, R, S nGj, ˆfÙi c«¬wZGZ cÉgvY Ki ˆh,
= 100 ‰KK = 10 ‰KK (Ans) PQRS ‰KwU mvgv¯¦wiK| 4
L A(6, –4), B(2, 2), C(–2, 2) I D(–6, –4) we±`ymgƒnGK Nwoi
 75 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
KuvUvi wecixZ w`GK wbGq PZzfÆyR ˆÞò ABCD ‰i ˆÞòdj K A(7, 2) I C(4,3) we±`yMvgx mijGiLvi mgxKiY,

1 6 2 –2 –6 6 x7 y2
= |
2 –4 2 2 –4 –4 |
eMÆ ‰KK =
7(4) 2  (3)
1 x7 y2
= (12 + 4 + 8 + 24 + 8 + 4 + 12 + 24) eMÆ ‰KK ev, 7 + 4 = 2 + 3
2
1
=  96 eMÆ ‰KK
ev, 5x  35 = 11y  22
2 ev, 5x  11y  35 + 22 = 0
= 48 eMÆ ‰KK  5x  11y  13 = 0 (Ans.)
86 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆUÕ¡ ˆccvim ˆgBW BwR: Dîicò  DœPZi MwYZ
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, ‰KwU PZzfÆyGRi PviwU kxlÆ h^vKÌGg L PSQ ‰i PO gaÅgv SQ evüGK mgw«¼LwíZ KGiGQ| cÉgvY

A(7, 2), B(4, 2), C(4, 3) ‰es D(7,3) KiGZ nGe ˆh, PQ2 + PS2 = 2(PO2 + QO2)
 AB evüi Š`NÆÅ = (7 + 4)2 + (2  2)2
P
= (11)2 + 0 = 11 ‰KK
BC evüi Š`NÆÅ = (4 + 4)2 + (2 + 3)2 = 0 + 52 = 5 ‰KK

ˆm.wg.
4
CD evüi Š`NÆÅ = (47)2 + (3 + 3)2 = 121 + 0 = 11
60
‰KK Q M O S
AD evüi Š`NÆÅ = (7  7) + (2 + 3) = 0 + 5 = 5 ‰KK
2 2 2
Aâb: SQ evüi Ici PM jÁ¼ Aâb Kwi|
AC KGYÆi Š`NÆÅ = (7 + 4)2 + (2 + 3)2 cÉgvY: PSO ‰i POS Õ©ƒjGKvY ‰es SO ˆiLvi
= 121 + 25 = 146 ‰KK ewaÆZvsGki Dci PO ˆiLvi jÁ¼ AwfGÞc OM
BD KGYÆi Š`NÆÅ = (4  7)2 + (2 + 3)2 = 121 + 25  Õ©ƒjGKvGYi ˆÞGò cx^vGMvivGmi DccvG`Åi weÕ¦‡wZ
= 146 ‰KK AbymvGi, Avgiv cvB, PS2 = PO2 + SO2 + 2SO.OM ...... (i)
myZivs Avgiv cvB, Avevi, PQO ‰i POQ mƒßGKvY ‰es OQ ˆiLvi Dci
evü AB = evü CD ‰es evü BC = evü AD PO ˆiLvi jÁ¼ AwfGÞc OM.
Avevi, KYÆ AC = KYÆ BD.  mƒßGKvGYi ˆÞGò cx^vGMvivGmi DccvG`Åi weÕ¦‡wZ AbymvGi
 ABCD PZzfzÆRwU ‰KwU AvqZGÞò| (Ans.) cvB,
M gGb Kwi, ABCD D PQ 2
= PO2 + QO2  2QO.OM...........(ii)
PZzfzÆGRi evüàGjvi gaÅwe±`y R (i) I (ii) bs mgxKiY ˆhvM KGi cvB,
P, Q, R, S| C
PS2 + PQ2 = 2PO2 + SO2 + QO2 + 2SO.OM  2QO.OM
P I Q, Q I R, R I
S = 2PO2 + QO2 + QO2 + 2QO.OM  2QO.OM [‹ SO=QO]
Q = 2(PO2 + QO2)
S, S I P ˆhvM Kwi|
A  PQ2 + PS2 = 2(PO2 + QO2) (cÉgvwYZ)
cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, P B

PQRS ‰KwU mvgv¯¦wiK|

M
 P
S
   
cÉgvY: gGb Kwi, AB = a, BC = b, CD = c, DA = d, O
A, C ˆhvM Kwi| O
   1  1  1
ZvnGj, PQ = PB + BQ = 2 AB + 2 BC = 2 (a + b) Q R
  
1 1 1
Abyi…cfvGe QR = 2(b + c), RS = 2(c + d) ‰es SP = 2(d + a) gGb Kwi, PQRS mvgv¯¦wiGKi PR I QS KYÆÆ«¼q ciÕ·i O
    we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
wK¯§ (a + b) + (c + d) = AC + CA = AC  AC = 0    
gGb Kwi, PO = p , QO = q , OR = r , OS = s
A^Ævr (a + b) =  (c + d)
 1 1   cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, PO = OR ‰es QO = OS
 PQ =
2
(a + b) =  (c + d) =  RS = SR
2 cÉgvY:
     
 PQ ‰es SR mgvb I mgv¯¦ivj| PO + OS = PS ‰es QO + OR = QR
Abyi…cfvGe, QR ‰es PS mgvb I mgv¯¦ivj| ˆhGnZz, mvgv¯¦wiGKi wecixZ evü«¼q ciÕ·i mgvb I
 PQRS ‰KwU mvgv¯¦wiK| (cÉgvwYZ) mgv¯¦ivj|
 
cÉk²  76 w`bvRcyi ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 3  PS = QR
   
P S A^Ævr, PO + OS = QO + OR
ev, p+ s = q + r
O
 p  r =qs
M    
Q R ‰LvGb, p I r ‰i aviK PR
wPGò PQRS ‰KwU mvgv¯¦wiK| AaÅvq 3 I 12 ‰i mg®¼Gq  p  r ‰i aviK PR
 
K. ‰ÅvGcvGjvwbqvGmi Dccv`ÅwU wee†Z Ki| 2
Avevi, q I s ‰i aviK QS
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, PQ2 + PS2 = 2(PO2 + QO2). 4
M. ˆfÙi c«¬wZGZ cÉgvY Ki ˆh, PO = RO ‰es QO = SO. 4  q  s ‰i aviK QS
 
76 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb  p  r I q  s `yBwU mgvb mgvb AkƒbÅ ˆfÙi nGj, ZvG`i
   
K ‰ÅvGcvGjvwbqvGmi Dccv`Å: wòfzGRi ˆh ˆKvb `yB evüi Dci
 aviK ˆiLv ‰KB A^ev mgv¯¦ivj nGe| wK¯§ PR I QS `yBwU
AwâZ eMÆGÞò«¼Gqi ˆÞòdGji mgwÓ¡, Z‡Zxq evüi AGaÆGKi ciÕ·iGQ`x Amgv¯¦ivj mijGiLv| myZivs, p  r I q  s
Ici AwâZ eMÆGÞGòi ˆÞòdj ‰es H evüi mgw«¼LíK
gaÅgvi Ici AwâZ eMÆGÞGòi ˆÞòdGji mgwÓ¡i w«¼àY| ˆfÙi«¼q AkƒbÅ nGZ cvGi bv weavq, ‰G`i gvb kƒbÅ nGe|
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ  «¼v`k AaÅvq: mgZjxq ˆfÙi 87
 p  r = 0 M
 Q D P

 
ev, p = r ev, PO = OR
  G
 |PO| = |OR| E
 
‰es q  s = 0 ev, q = s ev, QO = OS
 
 |QO| = |OS| R F S

 PO = RO ‰es QO = SO (cÉgvwYZ)
cÉk²  77 KzwgÍÏv ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 4 PQRS PZzfzÆGRi mw®²wnZ evüàGjvi gaÅwe±`y h^vKÌGg D, E, F, G|
P(7, 2), Q(–4,2), R(–4, –3) ‰es S(7, –3) we±`yàGjv ‰KwU D, E; E, F; F, G ‰es D, G ˆhvM Kwi| cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh,
PZzfzÆGRi PviwU kxlÆwe±`y| DEFG PZzfzÆRwU ‰KwU mvgv¯¦wiK|
   
K. PQ evüi Xvj wbYÆq Ki| 2 cÉgvY: gGb Kwi, PQ = p–, QR = q–, RS = –r , SP = –s
L. we±`y PviwU «¼viv MwVZ PZzfzÆRwU AvqZGÞò bvwK
P, R ˆhvM Kiv nGjv|
mvgv¯¦wiKhvPvB Ki| 4    1   1
M. hw` DóxcGK DGÍÏwLZ PZzfÆyRwUi mw®²wnZ evüàGjvi gaÅwe±`y ZvnGj DE = DQ + QE = 2(PQ + QR ) = 2(p– + –q)
h^vKÌGg D, E, F I G nq, ZGe ˆfÙi c«¬wZGZ cÉgvY Ki ˆh,    1   1
Abyi…cfvGe FG = FS + SG = 2(RS + SP ) = 2(r– + –s )
DEFG ‰KwU mvgv¯¦wiK| 4    
wK¯§ (p– + –q) + (r– + –s ) = PR + RP = PR  PR = 0
77 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, ev, (p– + q–) + (r– + –s ) = 0
P(7, 2) ‰es Q(–4, 2) ev, (p + q) =  (r + s )
– – – –
22
PQ evüi Xvj = 7  (4) 1 1
ev, (p + q) =  (r + s)
2– – 2
0  
=
7+4  DE =  FG
= 0 (Ans.)  
ev, DE = GF
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, P(7, 2), Q(4, 2), R(4, 3) ‰es S(7, 3)

 DE I GF mgvb I mgv¯¦ivj
we±`yàGjv ‰KwU PZzfÆyGRi PviwU kxlÆwe±`y|
 DEFG PZzfzÆRwU ‰KwU mvgv¯¦wiK| (cÉgvwYZ)
 PQ evüi Š`NÆÅ = (7 + 4)2 + (2  2)2
= 112 + 02 = 11
cÉk²  78 PëMÉvg ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 3
QR evüi Š`NÆÅ = ( 4 + 4)2 + (2 + 3)2 ABC wòfzGRi kxlÆ we±`y h^vKÌGg A(2,–4), B(–4, 4) ‰es (3, a)

= 02 + 52 = 5 ˆhLvGb a > 0
RS evüi Š`NÆÅ = ( 4  7)2 + ( 3 + 3)2 K. AC = BC nGj, a ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2
= ( 11)2 + 02 L. AB ˆiLvi mgxKiY I Xvj wbYÆq Ki| 4
= 121 = 11 M. ˆfÙGii mvnvGhÅ cÉgvY Ki ˆh, ABC ‰i ˆhGKvGbv `yB evüi
SQ evüi Š`NÆÅ = (7  7)2 + ( 3  2)2 gaÅwe±`y«¼Gqi msGhvRK ˆiLvsk H wòfzGRi Z‡Zxq evüi
= 02 + ( 5)2 mgv¯¦ivj I Zvi AGaÆK| 4
= 25 = 5 78 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
 QS KGYÆi Š`NÆÅ = (4  7) + (2 + 3)
2 2
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,

= (−11)2 + 52
ABC wòfzGRi kxlÆ we±`yòq A(2,  4), B( 4, 4) ‰es C(3, a)
= 121 + 25
cÉkg² GZ, AC = BC
= 146
ev, (3  2)2 + (a + 4)2 = (3 + 4)2 + (a  4)2
‰es PR KGYÆi Š`NÆÅ = (4  7)2 + (3  2)2
ev, 1 + a2 + 8a + 16 = 49 + a2  8a + 16
= (11)2 + (5)2
= 121 + 25
ev, a2 + 8a + 17 = a2  8a + 65 [eMÆ KGi]
= 146 ev, 16a = 65  17
48
ˆhGnZz PQ = RS, QR = SQ ‰es PR = QS ev, a = 16
 PQRS PZzfzÆRwU ‰KwU AvqZGÞò| (Ans.)
 a = 3 (Ans.)
88 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆUÕ¡ ˆccvim ˆgBW BwR: Dîicò  DœPZi MwYZ
L A(2, 4) I B(4, 4) we±`yMvgx ˆiLvi mgxKiY,
 ‰es AewkÓ¡ PQR = AewkÓ¡ PMS
x2
=
y  ( 4)  PQR I PMS m`†kGKvYx|
2  (– 4)  4  4 PS MS
x2 y+4  =
ev, 6 =  8 PR QR
A^Ævr, PR . MS = QR . PS ................................(ii)
ev,  8x + 16 = 6y + 24
ev,  8x  6y + 16  24 = 0 ‰Lb mgxKiY (i) I (ii) ˆhvM KGi cvB,
PR . QM + PR. MS = PQ . RS + QR . PS
ev,  8x  6y  8 = 0
ev,  2(4x + 3y + 4) = 0 ev, PR (QM + MS) = PQ . RS + QR . PS
 4x + 3y + 4 = 0 (Ans.) ev, PR . QS = PQ . RS + QR . PS [ˆhGnZz, QM + MS = QS]
4  ( 4) 8 4  PR.QS = PQ.RS + QR.PS (cÉgvwYZ)
Avevi, AB ˆiLvi Xvj =  4  2 =  6 =  3 (Ans.)
M S C R
M cvVÅeBGqi Abykxjbx-12 ‰i D`vniY-3 `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v282|

cÉk²  79 wmGjU ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 4 B
D
PQRS ‰KwU e†îÕ© PZzfÆyR ‰es PR I QS Dnvi `ywU KYÆ|
K. bewe±`y e†Gîi ˆKG±`Êi AeÕ©vb ˆKv^vq ‰es ‰i eÅvmvaÆ KZ? 2
P A Q
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, PR.QS = PQ.RS + QR.PS. 4
M. ˆfÙi c«¬wZGZ cÉgvY Ki ˆh, PQRS PZzfzÆGRi mw®²wnZ
evüàGjvi gaÅwe±`yi msGhvRK ˆiLvmgƒn ‰KwU mvgv¯¦wiK gGb Kwi, PQRS PZzfÆyGRi PQ, QR, RS I SP evüàGjvi
Drc®² KGi| 4 gaÅwe±`y h^vKÌGg A, B, C I D| cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, ABCD
79 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb ‰KwU mvgv¯¦wiK|
   
K wòfzGRi jÁ¼we±`y I cwiGK±`Ê msGhvRb KGi Drc®² ˆiLvsGki
 cÉgvYt awi, PQ = a, QR = b, RS = c ‰es SP = d
gaÅwe±`yB bewe±`y e†Gîi ˆK±`Ê| ‰Lb, ABQ ˆ^GK ˆfÙi ˆhvGMi wòfzR wewa Abyhvqx cvB,
Avevi, bewe±`y e†Gîi eÅvmvaÆ wòfzGRi cwieÅvmvGaÆi AGaÆGKi   
AB = AQ + QB
mgvb nq| 1  1 
L P = PQ + QR
2 2
1
= (a + b)
2
O Abyi…cfvGe,
Q S
M  1
BC = (b + c)
2
R
 1
CD = (c + d)
weGkl wbeÆPb: gGb Kwi, e†Gî A¯¦wjÆwLZ PQRS PZzfzÆGRi wecixZ 2
evüàGjv h^vKÌGg PQ I RS ‰es QR I PS| PR ‰es QS  1
DA = (d + a)
2
PZzfzÆRwUi `yBwU KYÆ| cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, PR . QS = PQ . RS +
QR . PS Avevi, PQR ˆ^GK cvB,
Aâb: QPR ˆK SPR ‰i ˆQvU aGi wbGq P we±`yGZ PS   
PR = PQ + QR = a + b
ˆiLvsGki mvG^ QPR-‰i mgvb KGi SPM AuvwK ˆhb PM ˆiLv ‰es PRS ˆ^GK cvB,
QS KYÆGK M we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|   

cÉgvY: Aâb AbymvGi, QPR = SPM RP = RS + SP = c + d

 
DfqcGÞ RPM ˆhvM KGi cvB,  a + b + c + d = PR + RP
   
QPR + RPM = SPM + RPM = PR  PR ‹ RP =  PR 
A^Ævr, QPM = RPS  
‰Lb, PQM I PRS ‰i gGaÅ =0
PQS = PRS [‰KB e†îvskwÕ©Z ˆKvY mgvb eGj] ev, a + b =  (c + d)
‰es AewkÓ¡ PMQ = AewkÓ¡ PSR 1 1
ev, 2 (a + b) =  2 (c + d)
 PQM I PRS m`†kGKvYx|
 
QM PQ
= ev, AB =  CD
RS PR  

A^Ævr, PR . QM = PQ . RS .............................. (i)  AB = DC

Avevi, PQR I PMS ‰i gGaÅ  AB ‰es DC mgvb I mgv¯¦ivj|
QPR = SPM [Aâb AbymvGi] Abyi…cfvGe, BC ‰es AD mgvb I mgv¯¦ivj|
PSM = PRQ [‰KwU e†îvskwÕ©Z ˆKvY mgvb eGj] myZivs, ABCD ‰KwU mvgv¯¦wiK| (cÉgvwYZ)
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ  «¼v`k AaÅvq: mgZjxq ˆfÙi 89
cÉk²  80 ewikvj ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 4 81 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
ABCD PZzfzÆGRi A(−5, 0), B(5, 0), C(5, 5) ‰es D(−5, 5) kxlÆ K ‰LvGb, A(6, 4), C(2, 2)
we±`ymgƒn Nwoi KuvUvi wecixZ w`GK AvewZÆZ nq| AC = (2  6)2 + {2  (4)}2 = 82 + 62
AaÅvq 11 I 12 ‰i mg®¼Gq = 64 + 36 = 100 = 10 ‰KK (Ans.)
K. ABCD PZzfzÆRwUi ˆÞòdj wbYÆq Ki| 2 L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, ABCD PZzfzÆGRi PviwU kxlÆ h^vKÌGg A(6, 4),
L. ˆ`LvI ˆh, ABCD PZzfzÆRwU ‰KwU AvqZGÞò| 4 B(2, 2), C(2, 2) ‰es D(6, 4) ˆhLvGb, kxlÆmgƒn Nwoi
M. AB I AC ‰i gaÅwe±`y h^vKÌGg S ‰es T nGj ˆfÙGii KuvUvi wecixZ w`GK AvewZÆZ|
1
mvnvGhÅ cÉgvY Ki ˆh, ST || BC ‰es ST = 2 BC. 4 we±`ymgƒnGK Nwoi KuvUvi wecixZ w`GK wbGq PZzfzÆR ˆÞò
ABCD ‰i ˆÞòdj
80 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb 1 6 2 2 6 6
K A(–5, 0), B(5, 0), C(5, 5) ‰es D(–5, 5) we±`ymgƒn wbGq
=
2 |
4 2 2 4 4
eMÆ ‰KK |
1
MwVZ ABCD PZzfÆyGRi ˆÞòdj = {12 + 4 + 8 + 24  (8)  (4)  (12)  (24)}
2
1 –5 5 5 –5 –5
= |
2 0 0 5 5 0 | 1
= {48 + 8 + 4 + 12 + 24} eMÆ ‰KK
2
1 1
= (0 + 25 + 25 + 0 – 0 – 0 + 25 + 25) = {48 + 48} eMÆ ‰KK = 48 eMÆ ‰KK
2 2
1
=  100 = 50 eMÆ ‰KK (Ans.)
2
cÉk²gGZ, eMÆGÞGòi ˆÞòdj, a2 = 48 eMÆ ‰KK
 eMÆGÞGòi ‰K evüi Š`NÆÅ, a = 48 ‰KK = 4 3 ‰KK
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, A(5, 0), B(5, 0), C(5, 5) I D(5, 5)
  eMÆGÞGòi cwimxgv = 4a = 4  4 3 = 16 3 ‰KK (Ans.)
ZvnGj, AB evüi Š`NÆÅ = (5 + 5)2 + (0  0)2 4 + 4
= (10)2 + (0)2 M cÉ`î Z^ÅvbymvGi, AD evüi Xvj = 6 + 6 = 0

= 100 = 10 ‰KK 22
‰es BC evüi Xvj = 2 + 2 = 0
BC evüi Š`NÆÅ = (55) + (5  0)
2 2

= 02 + 52 = 25  AD I BC evü ciÕ·i mgv¯¦ivj|

= 5 ‰KK  ABCD ‰KwU UÇvwcwRqvg|
A D
CD evüi Š`NÆÅ = (5  5)2 + (5  5)2 = (10)2 + 02
= 100 = 10 ‰KK
P Q
‰es AD evüi Š`NÆÅ = (5 + 5)2 + (5  0)2 = 02 + 52
= 25 = 5 ‰KK
B C
Avevi, AC KGYÆi Š`NÆÅ = (5  5)2 + (0  5)2 ‰LvGb, ABCD UÇvwcwRqvGgi AB I CD Amgv¯¦ivj evü«¼Gqi
= 102 + 52 gaÅwe±`y h^vKÌGg P I Q| cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, PQ || AD ||
= 100 + 25 = 125 1
BC ‰es PQ = 2 (AD + BC)
= 5 5 ‰KK
‰es BD KGYÆi Š`NÆÅ = (5  5)2 + (5  0)2 cÉgvY: gGb Kwi, gƒjwe±`yi mvGcGÞ A, B, C I D we±`yi
= (10)2 + 52
AeÕ©vb ˆfÙi h^vKÌGg a, b, c I d
 

= 100 + 25  BC = c – b ‰es AD = d – a
1
= 125 = 5 5 ‰KK P we±`yi AeÕ©vb ˆfÙi = 2 (a + b) [ P, AB ‰i gaÅwe±`y]
‰LvGb, AB = CD; BC = AD ‰es KYÆ AC = KYÆ BD 1
 ABCD PZzfÆyRwU ‰KwU AvqZGÞò| (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) Q we±`yi AeÕ©vb ˆfÙi = 2 (c + d) [ Q, CD ‰i gaÅwe±`y]
 1 1 1
M AaÅvq-12 ‰i m†Rbkxj 3(L) bs cÉGk²i mgvavb `ËÓ¡eÅ|
 ‰Lb, PQ = 2 (c + d) – 2(a + b) = 2 (c + d – a – b)
c†Ó¤v-357 1 1  
= {(c – b) + (d – a)} = (BC + AD)
2 2
cÉk²  81 ivRkvnx ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 4  
wK¯§ BC I AD ciÕ·i mgv¯¦ivj nIqvq (BC + AD)
ABCD PZyfzÆGRi A(6, –4), B(2, 2), C(–2, 2) ‰es D(–6, –4) ˆfÙiwUI ZvG`i (A^Ævr BC I AD ‰i) mgv¯¦ivj nGe|
kxlÆmgƒn Nwoi KuvUvi wecixZ w`GK AvewZÆZ| myZivs PQ ˆfÙiI BC I AD ‰i mgv¯¦ivj nGe|
K. AC KGYÆi Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq Ki| 2  1  
‰Lb PQ = 2 (AD + BC)
L. ABCD PZyfzÆR ˆÞGòi ˆÞòdGji mgvb ˆÞòdjwewkÓ¡
eMÆGÞGòi cwimxgv wbYÆq Ki| 4 
 | PQ | =
1  
|AD + BC|
2
M. P I Q h^vKÌGg AB I CD ‰i gaÅwe±`y nGj, ˆfÙGii 1
mvnvGhÅ cÉgvY Ki ˆh, PQ || AD || BC ‰es A^Ævr PQ = 2 (AD + BC)
1
PQ = (AD + BC). 4 1
A^Ævr PQ || AD || BC ‰es PQ = 2 (AD + BC) (cÉgvwYZ)
2
90 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆUÕ¡ ˆccvim ˆgBW BwR: Dîicò  DœPZi MwYZ
cÉk²  82 w`bvRcyi ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 4 cÉk²  83 KzwgÍÏv ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 4
ABC ‰i BC, AC I AB evüòGqi gaÅwe±`y h^vKÌGg D, E I F P
‰es kxlÆwe±`yòGqi Õ©vbvâ A(2, 3), B(5, 6), C(–1, 4).
  
K. AB ˆfÙiGK BE I CF ˆfÙGii gvaÅGg cÉKvk Ki| 2 S T
1
L. ˆfÙGii mvnvGhÅ cÉgvY Ki ˆh, EF || BC ‰es EF = BC. 4
2
Q R
M. ABC ‰i evüòGqi Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq KGi ‰i ˆÞòdj wbYÆq
Ki| 4 PQR, ‰i

PQ ‰es PR ‰i gaÅwe±`y h^vKÌGg S ‰es T.
 
82 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb K. PS + ST ˆK PR ‰i gvaÅGg cÉKvk Ki| 2
1
K gGb Kwi, ABC ‰ AD, BE I CF gaÅgv wZbwU ciÕ·i
 L. ˆfÙGii mvnvGhÅ cÉgvY Ki ˆh, ST||QR ‰es ST = QR. 4
2
P we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGiGQ| M. SQRT ‰i KYÆ«¼Gqi gaÅwe±`y h^vKÌGg M I N nGj
ˆfÙi ˆhvGMi wòfzRwewa Abyhvqx, ABE ˆ^GK, ˆfÙGii mvnvGhÅ cÉgvY Ki ˆh, MN || ST || QR ‰es
  
AB + BE = AE 1
 MN = (QR – ST). 4
 
2
ev, AB = AE  BE
1   
83 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
= AC  BE [ E, AC ‰i gaÅwe±`y]
2 K
 P
1   
= (AF + FC)  BE
2
1 1   
S T
=  AB  CF  BE
2 2  C
1  1  
=AB  CF  BE Q R
4 2
 1  1   PST ‰ wòfzR wewa cÉGqvM KGi cvB,
ev, AB  4 AB = 2CF  BE E D   
PS + ST = PT ................. (i)
3  1   P Avevi, PR evüi gaÅwe±`y T
ev, 4 AB = 2 CF  BE  1 
A F B  PT = PR .................. (ii)
 4 1   2
ev, AB = 3  2 CF  BE   1 
  (i) I (ii) nGZ cvB, PS + ST = 2 PR
 2 4  
 AB =  CF  BE (Ans.) P
3 3 L

L cvVÅeBGqi AaÅvq-12 ‰i D`vniY-3 `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-282

S T
M A, B I C we±`yòGqi Õ©vbvâ h^vKÌGg A(2, 3), B(5, 6)

‰es C(–1, 4) A(2, 3)
AB evüi Š`NÆÅ = (2 – 5)2 + (3 – 6)2 Q R
2 2 ‰LvGb, PQR wòfzGRi PQ I PR evüi gaÅwe±`y h^vKÌGg
= (–3) + (–3)
S I T. cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh,
= 9+9
1
= 18 = 3 2 ‰KK C(1, 4) B(5, 6) ST =
2
QR ‰es ST || QR.
1 1
cÉgvY : PS = SQ = 2 PQ ‰es PT = TR = 2 PR
BC evüi Š`NÆÅ = (5 + 1)2 + (6 – 4)2 = (6)2 + (2)2
= 36 + 4 = 40 = 2 10 ‰KK wòfzR wewa AbymvGi PQR nGZ cvB,
  

AC evüi Š`NÆÅ = (2 + 1)2 + (3 – 4)2 QR = QP + PR

  

= (3)2 + (–1)2 ev, QR =  PQ + PR

  
= 9 + 1 = 10 ‰KK ev, QR = PR  PQ
3 2 + 2 10 + 10 Avevi, PST nGZ cvB,
AaÆcwimxgv, s= = 68647 ‰KK     
2 ST = SP + PT =  PS + PT
 ABC ‰i ˆÞòdj   1  1 
= PT  PS = PR  PQ
2 2
= s(s  AB) (s  BC) (s  AC) eMÆ ‰KK 1   1 
= (PR  PQ) = QR
= (68647)(68647  3 2)(68647  2 10)(68647  10) 2 2
= 359964883
 1 
 |ST | = |QR |
2
= 59997 eMÆ ‰KK 1
= 6 eMÆ ‰KK (cÉvq) (Ans.)  ST = QR
2
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ  «¼v`k AaÅvq: mgZjxq ˆfÙi 91
 
myZivs, ST I QR ˆfÙi«¼Gqi aviK ˆiLv ‰KB ev mgv¯¦ivj| cÉk²  84 PëMÉvg ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 4
A
wK¯§ ‰LvGb aviK ˆiLv ‰K bq|
 
myZivs, ST I QR ˆfÙi«¼Gqi aviK ˆiLv«¼q A^Ævr ST I QR
mgv¯¦ivj|
P Q
1
 ST || QR ‰es ST =
2
QR (cÉgvwYZ)

M
 P B C

wPGò, ABC ‰ AB evüi gaÅwe±`y w`Gq AwâZ PQ ˆiLvsk

S T BC ‰i mgv¯¦ivj|
M N K. APQ wòfzGRi ˆÞGò ˆfÙi weGqvGMi wòfzR wewa eYÆbv
Ki| 2
Q R L. ˆfÙGii mvnvGhÅ cÉgvY Ki ˆh, Q, AC ‰i gaÅwe±`y| 4
M. PBCQ UÇvwcwRqvGgi PB I QC evüi gaÅwe±`y h^vKÌGg

1  
ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, PQR-‰ S I T h^vKÌGg PQ I PR ‰i R I S nGj, cÉgvY Ki ˆh, RS = (PQ + BC)| 4
2
gaÅwe±`y| 84 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
1
 ST || QR ‰es ST = 2 QR K
 A

 SQRT ‰KwU UÇvwcwRqvg|

Avevi, QT I RS KYÆ«¼Gqi gaÅwe±`y h^vKÌGg M I N| N, M
ˆhvM Kwi| P   Q

cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, MN || ST || QR ‰es MN = 2 (QR  ST)

1 APQ-‰ AP I AQ ‰i Avw`we±`y ‰KB
 
‰es AP I AQ ‰i A¯¦we±`y h^vKÌGg P I Q| P I Q ˆhvM
cÉgvY: gGb Kwi, ˆKvb ˆfÙi gƒjwe±`yi mvGcGÞ KiGj ˆfÙi weGqvGMi wòfzRwewa AbymvGi,
S I T we±`yi AeÕ©vb ˆfÙi h^vKÌGg s I t
  
AP  AQ = QP

QR = r  q L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, ABC wòfzGRi AB evüi gaÅwe±`y w`Gq AwâZ


BC ‰i mgv¯¦ivj PQ, AC ˆK Q we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
ST = t  s
1
cÉgvY KiGZ nGe Q, AC ‰i gaÅwe±`y| A

 M we±`yi AeÕ©vb ˆfÙi = (q_ + t) [‹ M, QT ‰i gaÅwe±`y] 

cÉgvY: Q hw` AC ‰i gaÅwe±`y bv nq,
2 E

1 ZGe awi, E, AC ‰i gaÅwe±`y|
‰es N we±`yi AeÕ©vb ˆfÙi = 2(r + s) [‹ N, RS ‰i P Q

gaÅwe±`y] 
ZvnGj AP = 2 AB
1  
[‹ P, AB ‰i
B
gaÅwe±`y]
C

 1 1 1   
 MN = (r + s)  (q_ + t) = (r + s  q_  t)  PE = PA + AE
2 2 2    
1 1   =  AP + AE [‹ AP =  PA ]
= {(r  q_)  (t  s)} = (QR  ST)  
2 2 = AE  AP
    1  1  
ST || QR nIqvq QR  ST ˆfÙiwUI QR I ST ˆfÙGii = AC  AB [‹ E, AC ‰i gaÅwe±`y aGi ˆbqv
2 2
nGqGQ]
  
mgv¯¦ivj nGe, ZvnGj MN ˆfÙiwU I QR I ST ‰i mgv¯¦ivj 1  
= (AC  AB)
2
nGe| 1    

 MN || ST = BC [ AC  AB = BC ]
2
Avevi, ST || QR  1 
 PE = BC
2
 MN || ST || QR
A^Ævr, PE || BC wK¯¦y PQ || BC (DóxcGK ˆ`qv AvGQ)
 1     
Avevi, | MN | = 2 | QR  ST | ZvnGj, PE I PQ ˆiLv«¼q DfGq P we±`y w`Gq hvq ‰es BC
1   1 ‰i mgv¯¦ivj|
ev, MN = 2 (| QR |  | ST |) = 2 (QR  ST)  
AZ‰e, PE I PQ AekÅB mgcvwZZ nGe|
1  E I Q ‰KB we±`y nGe|
 MN || ST || QR ‰es MN = 2 (QR  ST) (cÉgvwYZ)
A^Ævr Q, AC ‰i gaÅwe±`y (cÉgvwYZ)
92 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆUÕ¡ ˆccvim ˆgBW BwR: Dîicò  DœPZi MwYZ
M
 A  C ‰iÕ©vbvâ (6, 4)
 AC ‰i `ƒiZ½ = (6  6)2 + (6  4)2 = 0 + (2)2 = 2
BC ‰i `ƒiZ½ = (2  6)2 + (4  4)2 = (4)2 = 4
P Q
1 1
R S
 ABC ‰i ˆÞòdj = 2  AC  BC = 2  2  4

B C = 4 eMÆ ‰KK (Ans.)

PBCQ UÇvwcwRqvGg R I S h^vKÌGg PB I QC ‰i gaÅwe±`y| M
 B C
 1  
cÉgvY KiGZ nGe, RS = (PQ + BC)
2
cÉgvY: gGb Kwi, ˆKvGbv ˆfÙi gƒjwe±`yi mvGcGÞ P, B, C I Q P

we±`yi AeÕ©vb ˆfÙi h^vKÌGg p, b, c I q.

 
 BC = c  b ‰es PQ = q  p
 
p_ + _b E
F
 R we±`yi AeÕ©vb ˆfÙi =
2
_c + q_ P we±`ywU EC ‰es FB ‰i gaÅwe±`y| B, E, F ‰es C ‰i
S we±`yi AeÕ©vb ˆfÙi =
2 AeÕ©vb ˆfÙi h^vKÌGg b, e, f ‰es c| AeÕ©vb ˆfÙGii
 1 1 1 1
 RS = (c + q )  (b + q) = (c  b) + (q  p ) mvnvGhÅ cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, BEFC ‰KwU mvgv¯¦wiK|
2  2  2 2    e+c
1  1  1   EC eivei P we±`yi AeÕ©vb ˆfÙi = 2
= BC + PQ = (BC + PQ )
2 2 2  f+b
 1   ‰es FB eivei P we±`yi AeÕ©vb ˆfÙi = 2
 RS = (PQ + BC ) (cÉgvwYZ)
2  
cÉk²  85 wmGjU ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 4 ˆhGnZy, P we±`ywU EC ‰es FB ‰i gaÅwe±`y
e+c f+b
Y AZ‰e, 2 = 2
A(6,6)

B(2,4)
ev, c + e = b + f
P
C ev, b  e = c  f
      
ev, EB = FC [ EB = PB  PE = b  e ‰es FC = PC 

X O E F
X PF = c  b]
 

EC I FB Gi ga¨we›`y P Ges
Avevi, |EB| = |FC|
B, E, F, C Gi Ae¯’vb †f±i  EB = FC
h_vµ‡g, b, e, f, c. Avgiv Rvwb, `yBwU ˆfÙi mgvb nGe hw` ZvG`i aviK ˆiLv
 
Y
‰KB A^ev mgv¯¦ivj nq| wK¯¦y, ‰GÞGò EB ‰es FC ‰i
K. AB ‰i gaÅeZÆx `ƒiZ½ wbYÆq Ki| 2
aviK ˆiLv ‰KB bq| AZ‰e, Zviv mgv¯¦ivj, A^Ævr EB || FC
L. AB ˆiLvi mgxKiY I ABC ‰i ˆÞòdj wbYÆq Ki| 4
 BEFC ‰KwU mvgv¯¦wiK| (cÉgvwYZ)
M. AeÕ©vb ˆfÙGii mvnvGhÅ cÉgvY Ki ˆh, BEFC ‰KwU
mvgv¯¦wiK| 4 cÉk²  86 hGkvi ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 3
85 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb ABC wòfzGRi DœPZv h = 3.5 ˆm.wg., kxlÆwe±`y A ˆ^GK f„wg BC
K AB ‰i `ƒiZ½ = (6  2) + (6  4) = (4) + (2)
 2 2 2 2 ‰i Dci gaÅgv AD = 4 ˆm. wg. ‰es B = 60|
= 16 + 4 = 20 = 2 5 ‰KK (Ans.) K. mswÞµ¦ weeiYmn wòfzRwU Aâb Ki| 2
L AB ˆiLvi mgxKiY,
 L. cÉ g vY Ki ˆh, AB 2
+ AC 2
= 2AD 2
+ 2BD 2
. 4
y6 x6 M. ˆfÙGii mvnvGhÅ cÉgvY Ki ˆh, AB I AC ‰i gaÅwe±`yi
=
64 62 msGhvRK ˆiLvsk BC ‰i mgv¯¦ivj ‰es Š`GNÆÅ Zvi
y6 x6 AGaÆK| 4
ev, 2 = 4
x6
86 bs cÉ Gk² i mgvavb
ev, y  6 = 2
K cvVÅeBGqi AaÅvq-4 ‰i mÁ·v`Å-4 `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-85

ev, 2y  12 = x  6 [we. `Ë. DœPZv, h = 3.5 ˆm. wg., gaÅgv, AD = d = 4 ˆm. wg.
ev, x  6  2y + 12 = 0 ‰es B = x = 60 wbGZ nGe|]
 x  2y + 6 = 0 (Ans.)
C ‰i f„R ‰es A ‰i f„R ‰KB  C ‰i f„R = 6 L cvVÅeBGqi Abykxjbx-3.1 ‰i Dccv`Å-5 `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-68

C ‰i ˆKvwU ‰es B ‰i ˆKvwU ‰KB  C ‰i ˆKvwU =4 M cvVÅeBGqi AaÅvq-12 ‰i D`vniY-3 `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-282

AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ  «¼v`k AaÅvq: mgZjxq ˆfÙi 93
  
cÉk²  87 ewikvj ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 4 ‰es PDE ‰ wòfzRwewa AbymvGi cvB, PD + DE = PE
P   
 DE = PE – PD
1  1   1   1 
= PR – PQ [ PE = PR ‰es PD = PQ]
2 2 2 2
1   1 
D E = (PR – PQ) = QR [(i) nGZ]
2 2
 1 
R  |DE| = |QR|
Q 2
PQR-‰i PQ I PR evüi gaÅwe±`y h^vKÌGg D I E. 1  
 DE = QR ‰es DE I QR ‰i aviK ˆiLv ‰KB A^ev
   2
K. (PD + DE) ˆK PR ˆfÙGii gvaÅGg cÉKvk Ki| 2
1 mgv¯¦ivj|
L. ˆfÙGii mvnvGhÅ cÉgvY Ki ˆh, DE || QR ‰es DE = QR. 4 wK¯¦y DE ‰es QR wf®² wf®² ˆiLv nIqvq DE || QR nGe|
2
M. DERQ UÇvwcwRqvGgi KYÆ«¼Gqi gaÅwe±`y h^vKÌGg F I G 1
 DE || QR ‰es DE = QR. (cÉgvwYZ)
2
nGj, ˆfÙGii mvnvGhÅ cÉgvY Ki ˆh, FG || DE || QR
‰es FG = 1 (QR – DE). M
4  P
2
87 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
K
 P D E

Q R
D E
gGb Kwi, DERQ UÇvwcwRqvGgi DE || QR ‰es QE I DR
Q R KYÆ«¼Gqi gaÅwe±`y h^vKÌGg F I G| F I G ˆhvM Kwi|
1
cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, FG || DE || QR ‰es FG = 2(QR – DE)
  
PDE-‰, PD + DE = PE [wòfzRwewa] cÉgvY: gGb Kwi, ˆKvGbv ˆfÙi gaÅwe±`yi mvGcGÞ D, E, Q I
1  R ‰i AeÕ©vb ˆfÙi h^vKÌGg d, e, q_ I r
= PR [ˆhGnZz, E, PR ‰i gaÅwe±`y] 
2 DE = e – d
  1  
 PD + DE = PR (Ans.) QR = r – _q
2
1
F we±`yi AeÕ©vb ˆfÙi = 2 (e + q_) [ F, QE ‰i
L gGb Kwi, PQR wòfzGRi PQ I PR evüi gaÅwe±`y h^vKÌGg D

I E| gaÅwe±`y]
1
D, E ˆhvM Kiv nGjv ˆ`LvGZ nGe ˆh, DE || QR ‰es ‰es G we±`yi AeÕ©vb ˆfÙi = 2 (r + d) [ G, DR ‰i
1 gaÅwe±`y]
DE = QR
2  1 1
P  FG = (r + d) – (e + q_)
2 2
1 1
= (r + d – e – _q) = {(r – q_) – (e – d)}
2 2
D E  1  
 FG = (QR – DE)
2
   
DE || QR nIqvq (QR – DE) ˆfÙiwU DE I QR ˆfÙGii
  
Q R mgv¯¦ivj nGe| ZvnGj FG ˆfÙiwU, DE I QR ˆfÙi«¼Gqi
mgv¯¦ivj nGe|
cÉgvY: D I E h^vKÌGg PQ I PR ‰i gaÅwe±`y|  1 
Avevi, FG = 2 (QR – DE)


  1    1 
 DQ = PD =
2
PQ ‰es PE = ER = 2 PR  1   1  
 |FG| = |(QR – DE)| = (|QR| – |DE|)
2 2
PQR -‰ wòfzR wewa AbymvGi cvB, 1
    FG = (QR – DE)
2
PQ + QR = PR
1
  
 QR = PR – PQ ............ (i)
A^Ævr FG || DE || QR ‰es FG = 2 (QR – DE) (cÉgvwYZ)
94 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆgBW BwR: Dîicò  DœPZi MwYZ

AaÅvq 13: Nb RÅvwgwZ

ˆevWÆ cixÞvi cÉk² I mgvavb
cÉk²  74 XvKv ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 3 Avgiv Rvwb, R S
P wmwj´£vGii mgMÉZGji ˆÞòdj
= 2r (r + h) eMÆ ‰KK
= 2  3.1416  4(4 + 6) eMÆ ˆm.wg. 6 ˆm.wg.

= 251.33 eMÆ ˆm.wg. (cÉvq) (Ans.)

Q R
‰es wmwj´£vGii AvqZb = r2h Nb ‰KK
= 3.1416  42  6 Nb ˆm.wg.
D D P
4 ˆm.wg.
PQR ‰i R ‰KwU mƒßGKvY ‰es PD  QR.
= 301.59 Nb ˆm.wg. (cÉvq) (Ans.)
K. wòfzGRi cwiGK±`Ê I fiGK±`Ê ejGZ Kx ˆevS? 2
L. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK cÉgvY Ki ˆh, cÉk²  75 w`bvRcyi ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 4
PQ2 + 2QR.DR = PR2 + QR2. 4 A(2,  3), B(7,  3) ‰es C(2, 3)
M. DR = 6 cm, PD = 4 cm nGj, DR I PD ˆK ‰KwU K. BC ˆiLvi Xvj wbYÆq Ki| 2
AvqZGÞGòi h^vKÌGg Š`NÆÅ I cÉÕ© aGi H AvqZGÞòGK L. we±`yòq QK KvMGR Õ©vcb Ki ‰es cÉgvY Ki ˆh, ‰iv
DR evüi mvGcGÞ ‰Kevi ˆNvivGj Drc®² NbeÕ§i ‰KwU mgGKvYx wòfzGRi kxlÆwe±`y| 4
mgMÉZGji ˆÞòdj I AvqZb wbYÆq Ki| 4 M. AB ˆK AÞ aGi ABC ˆK ‰KcvK ˆNvivGj ˆh
74 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb NbeÕ§ Drc®² nq Zvi mgMÉ ZGji ˆÞòdj wbYÆq Ki| 4
K wòfzGRi cwiGK±`Êt wòfzGRi ˆh ˆKvb `yB evüi jÁ¼ mgw«¼L´£K
 75 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
ˆh we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi ZvGK wòfzGRi cwiGK±`Ê eGj| K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, B(7, 3) ‰es C(2, 3)

wòfzGRi fiGK±`Êt wòfzGRi gaÅgvàGjv ˆh we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi H  BC ˆiLvi Xvj = −3 − 3 = −6 (Ans.)
we±`yGK wòfzRwUi fiGK±`Ê ejv nq| 7−2 5
L
 L

P
Y x I y AÞ eivei
Þz`ËZi 2 eMÆ = 1 ‰KK

C(2,3)
Q R
D
weGkl wbeÆPb: ‰LvGb, PQR ‰i R ‰KwU mƒß GKvY,
PD  QR ‰es R ‰i wecixZ evü PQ, Aci `yB evü X O X
h^vKÌGg QR I PR|
cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, PQ2 + 2QR.DR = PR2 + QR2.
cÉgvY: PQD ‰ PDQ = ‰K mgGKvY A(2,–3) B(7, –3)
 PQ2 = PD2 + QD2 ... ... (i) [cx^vGMvivGmi Dccv`Å]
Avevi, PDR ‰ PDR = ‰K mgGKvY
 PR2 = PD2 + DR2 ... ... ... (ii) Y
wK¯§, QD = QR – DR QK KvMGR XOX ˆK X AÞ ‰es YOY ˆK Y AÞ ‰es O
(i) bs mgxKiY nGZ cvB, gƒjwe±`y aGi A(2, −3), B(7, −3) I C(2, 3) we±`yàGjv Õ©vcb
PQ2 = PD2 + (QR – DR)2
= PD2 + QR2 + DR2 – 2QR.DR
Kwi| ˆcw´Öj w`Gq AB, AC I BC ˆhvM Kwi| ZvnGj ABC
= (PD2 + DR2) + QR2 – 2QR.DR ‰KwU wòfzR Drc®² nq|
= PR2 + QR2 – 2QR.DR [(ii) bs ˆ^GK] ‰LvGb, AB = (7 − 2)2 + {−3 − (−3)}2
 PQ2 + 2QR.DR = PR2 + QR2 (cÉgvwYZ) = 52 + 02 = 5
2
 AB = 25
M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,

BC = (7 − 2)2 + (−3 − 3)2
DR = 6 ˆm.wg.
= 52 + (−6)2
PD = 4 ˆm.wg.
= 25 + 36 = 61
‰Lb, DR I PD ˆK ‰KwU AvqZGÞGòi h^vKÌGg Š`NÆÅ I  BC2 = 61
cÉÕ© aGi H AvqZGÞòGK DR evüi mvGcGÞ ‰Kevi ˆNvivGj ‰es AC = (2 − 2)2 + (−3 − 3)2
‰KwU mge†îf„wgK wmwj´£vi Drc®² nq hvi eÅvmvaÆ, r = PD = = 02 + (−6)2 = 36 = 6
4 ˆm.wg. ‰es DœPZv, h = DR = 6 ˆm.wg.
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ  òGqv`k AaÅvq: Nb RÅvwgwZ 95
 AC2 = 36 L
 D
D
 AB2 + AC2 = 25 + 36 = 61 = BC2
 AB2 + AC2 = BC2
 ABC ‰KwU mgGKvYx wòfzR hvi A = 90|
A (2, − 3), B (7, − 3) ‰es C(2, 3) we±`yàGjv ‰KwU mgGKvYx
wòfzGRi kxlÆwe±`y| (cÉgvwYZ)
M ‘L’ ˆ^GK cvB, AB = 5

BC = 61 ‰es AC = 6 E P G F E P F G
B wPò-1 wPò-2
gGb Kwi, DEF-‰ DP gaÅgv, cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh,
l 1
DP2 + EP2 = (DE2 + DF2)
2
Aâb: D ˆ^GK EF ‰i Dci ev EF ‰i ewaÆZvsGki Dci
r
D
A
C DG jÁ¼ Uvwb|
cÉgvY: gGb Kwi, wPGò (1)-‰ DPE Õ©ƒjGKvY| AZ‰e,
wPGò AB ˆK AÞ aGi ABC ˆK ‰KcvK ˆNvivGbvi dGj wc^vGMvivGmi DccvG`Åi weÕ¦‡wZ AbymvGi,
BCD mge†îf„wgK ˆKvYK Drc®² nGqGQ| hvi DœPZv, AB = h DE2 = DP2 + EP2 + 2EP.GP .................... (i)
= 5 ‰KK| f„wgi eÅvmvaÆ, AC = r = 6 ‰KK ‰es ˆnjvGbv Avevi, wPò (2)-‰ DPF mƒßGKvY
DœPZv, BC = l = 61 ‰KK  DF2 = DP2 + FP2  2PF.GP
 mgMÉZGji ˆÞòdj = r (r + ) eMÆ ‰KK ev, DF2 = DP2 + EP2  2.EP.GP [PF = EP] ........ (ii)
= 3.1416  6 (6 + 61)
(i) I (ii) ˆhvM KGi,
= 260.32 eMÆ ‰KK (cÉvq) (Ans.)
DE2 + DF2 = DP2 + EP2 + DP2 + EP2 + 2EP.GP  2EP.GP
cÉk²  76 wmGjU ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 3 ev, DE2 + DF2 = 2DP2 + 2EP2
D 1
 DP2 + EP2 = (DE2 + DF2)
2
(cÉgvwYZ)

M DGF ˆK DG evü eivei ˆNvivGj ‰KwU mge†îf„wgK ˆKvYK


Drc®² nq hvi DœPZv, DG = 10 cm = h ‰es
PF 8
eÅvmvaÆ, r = 2 = 2 = 4 cm
1
E
P G F Drc®² ˆKvYGKi AvqZb = 3 r2h Nb ‰KK
K. EP ‰i mgvb eÅvmvaÆwewkÓ¡ ‰KwU e†î AuvK hv `ywU wbw`ÆÓ¡ 1
=  3.1416  (4)2  10 cm3
3
we±`y w`Gq hvq| [AâGbi ÷ay wPn× AvekÅK] 2
= 167.552 cm3 (Ans.)
L. DóxcGKi wfwîGZ cÉgvY Ki ˆh,
1  ˆKvYGKi ˆnjvGbv Zj,  = (10)2 + (4)2 ‰KK
DP2 + EP2 = (DE2 + DF2)| 4
2 = 100 + 16 = 10.77 cm (cÉvq)
M. DG = 10 cm, PF = 8 cm nGj, DGF ˆK DG evüi  ˆKvYGKi ˆÞòdj = r(r + ) eMÆ ‰KK
mvGcGÞ ˆNvivGj Drc®² NbeÕ¦yi AvqZb I ˆÞòdj wbYÆq = 3.1416  4(4 + 10.77)
Ki| 4
= 185.605 cm2 (cÉvq) (Ans.)
76 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
K
 r cÉk²  77 hGkvi ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 4
EP C
– 32  5 we±`yMvgx ‰KwU mijGiLvi Xvj – 23 ‰es ˆiLvwU x AÞ I
 
wPGò, ABC I P y AÞGK h^vKÌGg P I Q we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
ABD-B nGœQ r r K. PQ ˆiLvi mgxKiY wbYÆq Ki| 2
DwóÓ¡ e†î| L. PQ ˆiLvwU AÞ«¼Gqi mvG^ ˆh wòfzR Drc®² KGi Zvi
A B
evüàGjvi Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq cƒeÆK wòfzRwUi ˆÞòdj wbYÆq
r r
Ki| 4
Q M. OPQ wòfzRwUGK y AGÞi mvGcGÞ PZyw`ÆGK ‰Kevi
ˆNvivGj ˆh NbeÕ¦y Drc®² nq Zvi mgMÉZGji ˆÞòdj I
AvqZGbi mvswLÅK gvGbi cv^ÆKÅ wbYÆq Ki| 4
D
96 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆgBW BwR: Dîicò  DœPZi MwYZ
77 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
2 ‰LvGb AaÆcwimxgv,
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, Xvj, m =  3
 a + b + c 6 + 4 + 2 13
s= =
3 2 2
wbw`ÆÓ¡ we±`y, (x1, y1) = –  5
 2  10 + 2 13
= = 5 + 13
 PQ ˆiLvi mgxKiY, 2
y  y1 = m(x  x1)  OPQ ‰i ˆÞòdj = s(s  a) (s  b) (s  c)
2
ev, y  5 =  3 x   3  = (5 + 13) (5 + 13  6) (5 + 13  4) (5 + 13  2 13) eMÆ ‰KK
  2 
= (5 + 13) (1 + 13) (1 + 13) (5  13) eMÆ ‰KK
2 3
ev, y  5 =  3 x + 2  = (5 + 13) (5  13) ( 13  1) ( 13 + 1) eMÆ ‰KK
 
2
2 = {52  ( 13) } {( 13)2  12} eMÆ ‰KK
ev, y  5 =  3 x  1
= (25  13) (13  1) eMÆ ‰KK
2
ev, y =  3 x  1 + 5 = 12  12 eMÆ ‰KK
2 = 122 eMÆ ‰KK
 y =  x + 4 (Ans.)
3 = 12 eMÆ ‰KK (Ans.)
L ˆiLvwU x I y AÞGK P I Q we±`yGZ ˆQ` KiGj cvB,
 M OPQ wòfzRwUGK y AGÞi mvGcGÞ PZzw`ÆGK ‰Kevi ˆNvivGj

OP = 6 ‰KK eÅvmvaÆ ‰es OQ = 4 ‰KK DœPZv wewkÓ¡
Y
mge†îf„wgK ˆKvYK ŠZwi nGe|
(0, 4) awi, mge†îf„wgK ˆKvYGKi eÅvmvaÆ r ‰KK
Q
‰es DœPZv h ‰KK
(6, 0) myZivs r = 6 ‰KK, h = 4 ‰KK
X O P X ˆKvYGKi wZhÆK evüi DœPZv, l = h2 + r2 ‰KK
Y
= 42 + 62 ‰KK
= 2 13 ‰KK
P we±`yi Õ©vbvâ (6, 0) [x AGÞ y = 0 ewmGq cvB, x = 6]  ˆKvYGKi mgMÉZGji ˆÞòdj = r(l + r) eMÆ ‰KK
Q we±`yi Õ©vbvâ (0, 4) [y AGÞ x = 0 ewmGq cvB, y = 4] = 3.1416  6  (2 13 + 6) eMÆ ‰KK
awi, gƒjwe±`y O(0, 0) = 249.02 eMÆ ‰KK (cÉvq)
OPQ-‰ 1
‰es ˆKvYGKi AvqZb = 3 r2h Nb ‰KK
OP evüi Š`NÆÅ, a = (6  0)2  (0  0)2 = 6
OQ evüi Š`NÆÅ, b = (0  0)2 + (4  0)2 = 4 1
=  3.1416  62  4
3
Nb ‰KK
PQ evüi Š`NÆÅ, c = (6  0)2 + (0  4)2 = 62 + 42
= 150.8 Nb ‰KK (cÉvq)
= 36 + 16 = 52 = 4  13 = 2 13
 mvswLÅK gvGbi cv^ÆKÅ = 249.02  150.8
= 98.22 (cÉvq) (Ans.)
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ  PZz`Æk AaÅvq: mÁ¿vebv 97

AaÅvq 14: mÁ¿vebv

ˆevWÆ cixÞvi cÉk² I mgvavb
cÉk²  113 XvKv ˆevWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 8 M. x = 3 nGj cÉwZÕ©vcb bv KGi ‰KwU KGi ci ci wZbwU
`yBwU QØv ‰KGò ‰Kevi wbGÞc Kiv nGjv ‰es 11 ˆ^GK 42 chƯ¦ Avg ZzGj ˆbqv nGj meàGjv Avg AvgËcvwj nIqvi
msLÅvhyÚ Kzcb wUwKU ˆ^GK cÉ^g cyiÕ•vGii RbÅ ‰KwU wUwKU mÁ¿vebv wbYÆq Ki| 4
ˆZvjv nGjv| 114 bs cÉ Gk² i mgvavb
K. ‰KwU QØv ‰Kevi wbGÞc Kiv nGj weGRvo msLÅv A^ev K SzwoGZ ˆgvU Avg = (5x + 1 + 8x + 3 + 10x + 7) wU

wZb «¼viv wefvRÅ msLÅv DVvi mÁ¿vebv wbYÆq Ki| 2 = (23x + 11) wU
L. `yBwU QØvGZ cÉvµ¦ msLÅv«¼Gqi mgwÓ¡ 7 AGcÞv ˆQvU ‰es AvgË c vwj Avg = (10x + 7) wU
10x + 7
nIqvi mÁ¿vebv wbYÆq Ki| 4  ‰KwU Avg wbGj Zv AvgËcvwj nIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 23x + 11
M. cÉ^g cyiÓ•vGii RbÅ ˆZvjv wUwKUwU 2 ‰es 5 ‰i 10x + 7 1
àwYZK msLÅvhyÚ nIqvi mÁ¿vebv wbYÆq Ki| 4 kZÆgGZ, 23x + 11 = 2 ev, 23x + 11 = 20x + 14
113 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb ev, 23x  20x = 14  11 ev, 3x = 3  x = 1 (Ans.)
K ‰KwU QØv ‰Kevi wbGÞc KiGj bgybvGÞò = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} L ‘K’ nGZ cvB, SzwoGZ ˆgvU Avg, n(S) = (23x + 11) wU

 ˆgvU bgybvwe±`y = 6wU x = 2 nGj,
Avevi, QØvwU ‰Kevi wbGÞGc weGRvo A^ev wZb «¼viv wefvRÅ SzwoGZ ˆgvU Avg, n(S) = (23  2 + 11)wU = 57 wU
msLÅv Avmvi AbyK„j bgybvGÞò = {1, 3, 5, 6} wngmvMi Avg, n(H) = (8x + 3)wU = (8  2 + 3) wU = 19 wU
 AbyK„j bgybv we±`yi msLÅv = 4wU ‰es dRwj, n(F) = (5x + 1) wU = 5  2 + 1 = 11 wU
 weGRvo A^ev 3 «¼viv wefvRÅ msLÅv  AvgwU dRwj wK¯§ wngmvMi bv nIqvi mÁ¿vebv
4 2
DVvi mÁ¿vebv = 6 = 3 (Ans.) = P(F  H) = P(F) – P(F  H) = n(F) – 0
n(S) n(S)
L `ywU QØv wbGÞGci bgybvGÞòwU nGe [ NUbv `yBwU ciÕ·i eRÆbkxj A^Ævr (F  H) = 0]
= {(1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5), (1,6), (2,1), (2,2), (2,3), 11 11
(2,4), (2,5), (2,6), (3,1), (3,2), (3,3), (3,4), (3,5), (3,6), = –0= (Ans.)
57 57
(4,1), (4,2), (4,3), (4,4), (4,5), (4,6), (5,1), (5,2), (5,3),
(5,4), (5,5), (5,6), (6,1), (6,2), (6,3), (6,4), (6,5), (6,6)} weK͸ mgvavb:
 ˆgvU bgybvwe±`y = 36 wU x = 2 nGj SzwoGZ ˆgvU Avg = 23  2 + 11 = 57 wU
`yBwU QØvGZ cÉvµ¦ msLÅv«¼Gqi ˆhvMdj 7 AGcÞv ˆQvU nq wngmvMi Avg = (8  2 + 3) wU = 19 wU
‰gb AbyK„j bgybvwe±`y = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (2, dRwj Avg = 5  2 + 1 = 11 wU
1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (4, 1), (4, 2), AvgËcvwj Avg = 10  2 + 7 = 27 wU
(5, 1) } A^Ævr 15 wU ‰Lb, Š`efvGe ‰KwU Avg ˆbqv nGj AvgwU,
15 5 19 1
 wbGYÆq mÁ¿vebv = 36 = 12 (Ans.) wngmvMi nevi mÁ¿vebv, P(H) = 57 = 3
M
 11 nGZ 42 chƯ¦ ˆgvU msLÅv A^Ævr ˆgvU bgybvwe±`y = 32 wU  AvgwU wngmvMi bv nevi mÁ¿vebv, P(H̄) =
11 + 27 38 2
= =
57 57 3
2 ‰es 5 ‰i àwYZK msLÅv nGZ nGj msLÅvwU 2 I 5 ‰i
j.mv.à 10 ‰i àwYZK nGe| Avevi, AvgwU wngmvMi bv nGj dRwj nevi mÁ¿vebv
11 11
11 ˆ^GK 42 chƯ¦ 10 ‰i àwYZK msLÅv 20, 30, 40 = P(F | H̄) = =
11 + 27 38
 AbyK„j bgybvwe±`y = 3 wU  AvgwU dRwj wK¯§ wngmvMi bv nIqvi mÁ¿vebv
 wUwKGUi msLÅvwU 2 ‰es 5 ‰i àwYZK msLÅvhyÚ nIqvi = P(F  H̄) = P(F | H̄).P(H̄)
3 11 2 11
mÁ¿vebv = 32 (Ans.) =  = (Ans.)
38 3 57
cÉk²  114 ivRkvnx ˆevWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 8 [weGkl `ËÓ¡eÅ: ˆh ˆKvb `yBwU NUbv A I B nGj evqvGmi
‰KwU SzwoGZ (5x + 1) wU dRwj, (8x + 3) wU wngmvMi I DccvG`Åi (Bayes Theorem) mvnvGhÅ cvB,
P(A  B)
(10x + 7) wU AvgËcvwj Avg AvGQ| Š`efvGe ‰KwU Avg ˆbqv P(A | B) =
P(B)
[‰LvGb P(A | B) ˆK Probability of
nGjv| A given B cov nq|]
1
K. AvgwU AvgËcvwj nIqvi mÁ¿vebv 2 nGj x ‰i gvb wbYÆq M
 x = 3 nGj, ˆgvU Avg, n(S) = 23  3 + 11 = 80wU
Ki| 2 ‰es AvgËcvwj Avg, n(R) = 10  3 + 7 = 37 wU
L. x = 2 nGj, AvgwU dRwj wK¯§ wngmvMi bv nIqvi ‰Lb, cÉwZÕ©vcb bv KGi cici wZbwU Avg ZzGj wbGj wZbwUB
37 36 35 777
mÁ¿vebv wbYÆq Ki| 4 AvgËcvwj nIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 80  79  78 = 8216 (Ans.)
98 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆUÕ¡ ˆccvim ˆgBW BwR: Dîicò  DœPZi MwYZ
cÉk²  115 w`bvRcyi ˆevWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 8
cÉk²  116 KzwgÍÏv ˆevWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 8
(i) S = {x  ô : 2  x < 27} AwbK I gvwbK `yB e®¬y| AwbGKi KvGQ ‰KwU wbiGcÞ QØv ‰es
(ii) 3 wU gy`Ëv ‰KGò ‰Kevi wbGÞc Kiv nj| gvwbGKi KvGQ ‰KwU wbiGcÞ gy`Ëv AvGQ|
K. ‰KwU QØv ‰Kevi wbGÞc KiGj ˆgŒwjK A^ev ˆRvo K. AwbGKi QØvwU ‰Kevi wbGÞc Kiv nGj weGRvo msLÅv
msLÅv Avmvi mÁ¿vebv wbYÆq Ki| 2 Avmvi mÁ¿vebv wbYÆq Ki| 2
L. (ii) bs nGZ KgcGÞ ‰KwU T cvIqvi mÁ¿vebv I eoGRvi L. AwbGKi QØv ‰es gvwbGKi gy`ËvwU ‰KGò ‰Kevi wbGÞc
‰KwU T cvIqvi mÁ¿vebvi cv^ÆKÅ wbYÆq Ki| 4 Kiv nGj, Probability Tree Aâb KGi bgybvGÞò nGZ
QØvq ˆRvo msLÅv I gy`Ëvq ˆnW Avmvi mÁ¿vebv wbYÆq Ki| 4
M. S ˆmU ˆ^GK Š`efvGe ‰KwU msLÅv wbeÆvPb KiGj
M. gvwbGKi gy`ËvwU wZbevi wbGÞc Kiv nGj Probability
msLÅvwU weGRvo ‰es 3 «¼viv wefvRÅ nIqvi mÁ¿vebv ‰es
Tree Aâb KGi bgybvGÞò nGZ KgcGÞ ‰KwU ˆUj
msLÅvwU 5 «¼viv wefvRÅ nIqvi mÁ¿vebvi gGaÅ cv^ÆKÅ cvIqvi mÁ¿vebv wbYÆq Ki| 4
wbYÆq Ki| 4 116 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
115 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb K QØvwU ‰Kevi wbGÞGc bgybv ˆÞò = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}

K ‰KwU QØv ‰Kevi wbGÞc KiGj mÁ¿veÅ djvdjàGjv nGœQ:  ˆgvU bgybvwe±`y 6wU
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
weGRvo msLÅv Avmvi AbyK„j bgybvwe±`y 3wU
 ˆgvU bgybv we±`y = 6 wU 3 1
 weGRvo msLÅv Avmvi mÁ¿vebv = 6 = 2 (Ans.)
ˆgŒwjK A^ev ˆRvo msLÅvi bgybv we±`y: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
 AbyK„j bgybvwe±`y = 5wU L ‰KwU QØv I ‰KwU gy`Ëv wbGÞGci Probability tree nGjv:

5 QØv
 ˆgŒwjK A^ev ˆRvo msLÅv Avmvi mÁ¿vebv = (Ans.)
6 1 6
5
L wZbwU gy`Ëv ‰KGò wbGÞc KiGj bgybvGÞò:
 2 3 4

{HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT, THH, TTH, THT, TTT} gy`Ëv gy`Ëv gy`Ëv gy`Ëv gy`Ëv gy`Ëv
H T H T H T H T H T H T
 ˆgvU djvdj = 8 wU
1H 1T 2H 2T 3H 3T 4H 4T 5H 5T 6H 6T
KgcGÞ ‰KwU T cvIqvi AbyK„j djvdj = 7 wU
7 ZvnGj bgybvGÞòwU nGe: {1H, 1T, 2H, 2T, 3H, 3T, 4H, 4T,
 KgcGÞ ‰KwU T cvIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 8 5H, 5T, 6H, 6T}
eoGRvi ‰KwU T cvIqvi AbyK„j djvdj = 4 wU ‰LvGb, ˆgvU bgybv we±`y 12wU|
4 QØvq ˆRvo msLÅv I gy`Ëvq ˆnW Avmvi AbyK„j we±`y = 3wU
 eoGRvi ‰KwU T cvIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 8 3 1
 P(ˆRvo I H) = 12 = 4 (Ans.)
 KgcGÞ ‰KwU T cvIqvi mÁ¿vebv I eoGRvi ‰KwU T cvIqvi
7 4 3 M cÉ^Gg gy`Ëv wZbwUGK wZb avc wnGmGe weGePbv Kwi ‰es cÉwZ

mÁ¿vebvi cv^ÆKÅ = 8 – 8 = 8 (Ans.) avGc 2wU djvdj H A^ev T AvmGZ cvGi| ˆgvU djvdjGK
M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, S = {xô : 2  x < 27}
 Probability tree ‰i mvnvGhÅ wbÁ²fvGe ˆ`LvGbv hvq:
ˆgvU djvdj = 25 wU cÉ^g gy`Ëvi wcV
S nGZ weGRvo msLÅvi ˆmU H T

= {3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25} w«¼Zxq gy`Ëvi wcV w«¼Zxq gy`Ëvi wcV
3 «¼viv
wefvRÅ msLÅvi ˆmU = {3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24} H T H T

weGRvo ‰es 3 «¼viv wefvRÅ nIqvi AbyK„j ˆmU Z‡Zxq gy`Ëvi wcV Z‡Zxq gy`Ëvi wcV Z‡Zxq gy`Ëvi wcV Z‡Zxq gy`Ëvi wcV
= {3, 9, 15, 21} H T H T H T H T
HHH HHT HTH HTT THH THT TTH TTT
 weGRvo ‰es 3 «¼viv wefvRÅ nIqvi AbyK„j djvdj = 4 wU
4
 msLÅvwU weGRvo ‰es 3 «¼viv wefvRÅ nIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 25  bgybvGÞò: {HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT, THH, THT, TTH, TTT}
‰LvGb ˆgvU bgybv we±`y 8wU ‰es ‰G`i ˆhGKvb ‰KwU NUbv
Avevi, 5 «¼viv wefvRÅ msLÅvi ˆmU = {5, 10, 15, 20, 25} 1
‰es 5 «¼viv wefvRÅ nIqvi AbyK„j djvdj = 5 wU NUvi mÁ¿vebv 8|
5 KgcGÞ 1wU ˆUj (T) cvIqvi AbyK„j NUbvàGjv HHH Qvov
 5 «¼viv wefvRÅ nIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 25
evwK meàGjv A^Ævr, {HHT, HTH, HTT, THH, THT, TTH,
 msLÅvwU weGRvo ‰es 3 «¼viv wefvRÅ nIqvi mÁ¿vebv ‰es msLÅvwU 5 TTT} = 7wU|
5 4 1 7
«¼viv wefvRÅ nIqvi mÁ¿vebvi gGaÅ cv^ÆKÅ = 25 – 25 = 25 (Ans.) P [KgcGÞ 1T] = 8 (Ans.)
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ  PZz`Æk AaÅvq: mÁ¿vebv 99
cÉk²  117 PëMÉvg ˆevWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 8  bgybvGÞò, S = {HHHH, HHHT, HHTH, HHTT, HTHH,
HTHT, HTTH, HTTT, THHH, THHT, THTH, THTT,
‰KwU QØv ‰Kevi ‰es ‰KwU gy`Ëv `yBevi Š`efvGe wbGÞc Kiv nGjv| TTHH, TTHT, TTTH, TTTT}
K. hw` QØvwU ‰Kevi wbGÞc Kiv nq ZGe ˆRvo msLÅv M ‰KwU QØv I gy`ËvwU `yB evi ‰KGò wbGÞGci bgybvGÞò,
S = {1HH, 1HT, 1TH, 1TT, 2HH, 2HT, 2TH, 2TT, 3HH,
cvIqvi mÁ¿vebv KZ? 2 3HT, 3TH, 3TT, 4HH, 4HT, 4TH, 4TT, 5HH, 5HT, 5TH,
L. ÷aygvò gy`ËvwU Pvievi wbGÞGci Probability tree Aâb 5TT, 6HH, 6HT, 6TH, 6TT}.
KGi bgybvGÞò ŠZwi Ki| 4 ˆgvU bgybv we±`y = 24 wU
M. QØvq ˆRvo msLÅv ‰es gy`Ëvq TT cvIqvi mÁ¿vebv wbYÆq QØvq ˆRvo msLÅv I gy`Ëvq TT cvIqvi AbyK„j bgybvwe±`y 2TT,
4TT, 6TT
Ki| 4  AbyK„j bgybvwe±`y = 3wU
117 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb 3 1
 P (ˆRvo msLÅv I TT) = = (Ans.)
K QØvwU ‰Kevi wbGÞGc bgybv ˆÞò = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
 24 8
 ˆgvU bgybvwe±`y 6wU cÉk²  118 wmGjU ˆevWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 8
ˆRvo msLÅv Avmvi AbyK„j bgybvwe±`y 3wU ‰KwU evGÝ 41 ˆ^GK 60 chƯ¦ KÌwgK bÁ¼ihyÚ wUGKU AvGQ| ‰KwU
3 1 wUGKU Š`efvGe DVvGbv nGjv|
 ˆRvo msLÅv Avmvi mÁ¿vebv = 6 = 2 (Ans.) K. ‰KwU QØv ‰Kevi wbGÞc Kiv nGj weGRvo A^ev 2 «¼viv
L ‰KwU gy`Ëv Pvievi wbGÞGci
 wefvRÅ msLÅv IVvi mÁ¿vebv wbYÆq Ki| 2
Probability tree nGjv: L. wUGKGUi KÌ wgK msLÅv 2 ‰es 3 «¼ v iv wefvRÅ bv nIqvi
mÁ¿vebv wbYÆq Ki| 4
M. ˆ`LvI ˆh, wUGKGUi KÌwgK msLÅv ˆgŒwjK nIqvi mÁ¿vebv
‰es 2, 3 I 5 «¼viv wefvRÅ nIqvi mÁ¿vebvi mgwÓ¡ ‰KwU
cÉK‡Z f™²vsk| 4
118 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
K ‰KwU QØv ‰Kevi wbGÞc KiGj bgybvGÞò: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
 ˆgvU bgybvwe±`y = 6 wU
weGRvo A^ev 2 «¼viv wefvRÅ msLÅvi bgybvwe±`y 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
 ˆgvU AbyK„j bgybvwe±`y = 6 wU
6
 weGRvo A^ev 2 «¼viv wefvRÅ msLÅv IVvi mÁ¿vebv = = 1 (Ans.)
6
L 41 ˆ^GK 60 chƯ¦ ˆgvU msLÅv = 20 wU
2 ‰es 3 «¼viv A^Ævr 6 «¼viv wefvRÅ AbyK„j msLÅvàwj,
42, 48, 54, 60
AbyK„j bgybvwe±`y = 4 wU

wUGKGUi KÌwgK msLÅv 2 ‰es 3 «¼viv wefvRÅ nIqvi

4 1
mÁ¿vebv = 20 = 5
 wUGKGUi KÌwgK msLÅv 2 ‰es 3 «¼viv wefvRÅ bv nIqvi
1 4
mÁ¿vebv = 1 – 5 = 5 (Ans.)
M 41 ˆ^GK 60 chƯ¦ ˆgŒwjK msLÅvàGjv: 41, 43, 47, 53, 59

 bgybv we±`y = 5 wU
5 1
 wUGKGU KÌwgK msLÅvwU ˆgŒwjK nIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 20 = 4
Avevi, 2, 3 I 5 A^Ævr 30 «¼viv wefvRÅ msLÅv 60
 bgybv we±`y = 1 wU
 wUGKGUi KÌwgK msLÅvwU 2, 3 I 5 «¼viv wefvRÅ nIqvi
1
mÁ¿vebv = 20
1 1 5+1 6 3
mÁ¿vebv«¼Gqi ˆhvMdj = 4 + 20 = 20 = 20 = 10
‰LvGb je < ni, myZivs, f™²vskwU cÉK‡Z f™²vsk| (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
cÉk²  119 hGkvi ˆevWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 8
‰KwU SzwoGZ 8wU KvGjv ej, 5wU jvj ej, 4wU mv`v ej AvGQ ‰es
‰KwU cuvP UvKvi gy`Ëv Pvievi wbGÞc Kiv nGjv|
K. ‰KwU QØv wbGÞc KiGj weGRvo msLÅv A^ev 2 «¼viv
wefvRÅ msLÅv Avmvi mÁ¿vebv wbYÆq Ki| 2
L. DóxcK AbymvGi gy`ËvwUi bgybvGÞòmn Probability Tree
Aâb Ki| 4
M. hw` cÉwZÕ©vcb bv KGi ‰KwU KGi ci ci wZbwU ej
ZzGj ˆbIqv nq ZGe meàGjv ej KvGjv nIqvi mÁ¿vebv
wbYÆq Ki| 4
100 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆUÕ¡ ˆccvim ˆgBW BwR: Dîicò  DœPZi MwYZ
119 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb cÉk²  120 ewikvj ˆevWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 8
K ‰KwU QØv ‰Kevi wbGÞc KiGj bgybvGÞò: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
 `ywU wbiGcÞ QØv wbGÞc Kiv nGjv|
 ˆgvU bgybvwe±`y = 6wU K. NUbvwUi Probability tree AuvK| 2
weGRvo A^ev 2 «¼viv wefvRÅ msLÅvi bgybvwe±`y L. bgybvGÞGòi cÉwZwU bgybv we±`yi A⫼Gqi mgwÓ¡
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 KgcGÞ 9 nIqvi mÁ¿vebv wbYÆq Ki| 4
 ˆgvU AbyK„j bgybvwe±`y = 6wU M. bgybvGÞGòi cÉwZwU bgybv we±`yi A⫼Gqi mgwÓ¡ 6
 weGRvo A^ev 2 «¼viv wefvRÅ msLÅv IVvi mÁ¿vebv A^ev 11 bv nIqvi mÁ¿vebv wbYÆq Ki| 4
6
=
6
= 1 (Ans.) 120 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
L
 K `yBwU QØv wbGÞc Probability tree ‰i gvaÅGg DcÕ©vcb:

H
H
T

H
T
T

H
H
T

H
T
T

H
H
T

H
T
T

H
H
T

H
T
T

 bgybvGÞò, S = {HHHH, HHHT, HHTH, HHTT,

HTHH, HTHT, HTTH, HTTT, THHH, THHT, THTH,
THTT, TTHH, TTHT, TTTH, TTTT}
M
 ‰LvGb, ˆgvU ej = 8 + 5 + 4 = 17 wU
‰es KvGjv ej AvGQ = 8 wU
 cÉwZÕ©vcb bv KGi cici 3wU ej ZzGj wbGj meàGjv
8 7 6 7
KvGjv nIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 17  16  15 = 85 (Ans.)
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ  PZz`Æk AaÅvq: mÁ¿vebv 101
L `ywU QØv wbGÞGci bgybvGÞò = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4),
  bgybv ˆÞòwU nGe :
(1, 5), (1, 6), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 1), {H1, T1, H2, T2, H3, T3, H4, T4, H5, T5, H6, T6}
(3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6), (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (Ans.)
(4, 5), (4, 6), (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6), (6, 1) ˆgvU bgybvwe±`y = 12wU
(6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)}
Avevi, gy`Ëvq ˆnW I QØvq ˆRvo msLÅv cvIqvi AbyK„j NUbv
‰LvGb, A⫼Gqi mgwÓ¡ 9 ev Zvi ˆewk ‰i…c bgybv we±`y:
(3, 6), (4, 5), (4, 6), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6), (6, 3), (6, 4), = H2, H4, H6
(6, 5), (6, 6)  AbyK„j bgybvwe±`y = 3wU
A⫼Gqi mgwÓ¡ KgcGÞ 9 nIqvi AbyK„j bgybv we±`y 10 wU  gy`Ëvq ˆnW I QØvq ˆRvo msLÅv cvIqvi mÁ¿vebv
‰es ˆgvU bgybv we±`y 36 wU 3 1
= 12 = 4 (Ans.)
10 5
 A⫼Gqi mgwÓ¡ KgcGÞ 9 nIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 36 = 18 (Ans.) M `ywU QØv ‰KmvG^ ‰Kevi wbiGcÞfvGe wbGÞc Kiv nGj,

M
 A⫼Gqi mgwÓ¡ 6 nIqvi AbyK„j bgybvwe±`y: mÁ¿veÅ NUbvi ˆh probability tree ŠZwi nGe Zv wbÁ²i…c:
(1, 5), (2, 4), (3, 3), (4, 2), (5, 1)
A⫼Gqi mgwÓ¡ 11 nIqvi AbyK„j bgybvwe±`y: (5, 6), (6, 5)
A⫼Gqi mgwÓ¡ 6 nIqvi AbyK„j we±`y 5 wU
A⫼Gqi mgwÓ¡ 11 nIqvi AbyK„j we±`y 2 wU
5 2 7
 A⫼Gqi mgwÓ¡ 6 A^ev 11 nIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 36 + 36 = 36
7
 A⫼Gqi mgwÓ¡ 6 A^ev 11 bv nIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 1  36
29
= (Ans.)
36
cÉk²  121 XvKv ˆevWÆ 2017  cÉk² bs 8
‰KwU wbiGcÞ gy`Ëv I ‰KwU wbiGcÞ QØv ‰KGò ‰Kevi wbGÞc
Kiv nGjv|
K. gy`Ëv evG` ÷ay QØvwU ‰Kevi wbGÞc KiGj DcGii wcGV
ˆgŒwjK msLÅv Avmvi mÁ¿vebv wbYÆq Ki| 2
L. Probability tree Aâb KGi bgybv ˆÞòwU wjL ‰es gy`Ëvq
ˆnW I QØvq ˆRvo msLÅv cvIqvi mÁ¿vebv wbYÆq Ki| 4
M. hw` gy`Ëv evG` `ywU QØv ‰K mvG^ ‰Kevi wbGÞc Kiv nq
ZGe Probability tree AsKb KGi bgybv ˆÞò nGZ
DcGii wcGV ‰KB msLÅv Avmvi mÁ¿vebv wbYÆq Ki| 4
121 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb 1g QØvi
wcV
K QØvwU ‰Kevi wbGÞc KiGj mÁ¿veÅ djvdjàGjv nGœQ:

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
 ˆgvU bgybv we±`y = 6wU
 ˆgŒwjK msLÅvi AbyK„j djvdj = 2, 3, 5
‰es AbyK„j bgybvwe±`y = 3wU
3 1
 QØvq ˆgŒwjK msLÅv Avmvi mÁ¿vebv = 6 = 2 (Ans.)
L ‰KwU gy`Ëv I ‰KwU QØv wbGÞc NUbvi Probability tree wbGÁ²

ˆ`LvGbv nGjv : QØvi wcV
1
2
3
H
4
5
6
gy`Ëvi wcV
1
2
3 bgybv ˆÞò = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (2, 1),
T (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3,
4
4), (3, 5), (3, 6), (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6),
5 (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6), (6, 1), (6, 2), (6,
6 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)}
102 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆUÕ¡ ˆccvim ˆgBW BwR: Dîicò  DœPZi MwYZ
 ˆgvU bgybvwe±`y = 36wU M ‘L’ nGZ cvB, ˆgvU djvdj = 24 wU

Avevi, QØv `ywUGZ ‰KB msLÅv Avmvi AbyK„j bgybvGÞò QØvq ˆRvo msLÅv I gy`Ëvq 2H Avmvi AbyK„j bgybv we±`y:
= {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4), (5, 5), (6, 6)} 2HH, 4HH, 6HH
 AbyK„j bgybvwe±`y = 6wU  AbyK„j bgybvwe±`y = 3wU
6 1 3 1
 QØv `ywUGZ ‰KB msLÅv Avmvi mÁ¿vebv = = (Ans.)  P (ˆRvo msLÅv I 2H) = =
36 6 24 8
cÉk²  122 wmGjU ˆevWÆ 2017  cÉk² bs 8 Avevi, QØvq ˆgŒwjK msLÅv I 2T Avmvi AbyK„j bgybv we±`yàGjv:
2TT, 3TT, 5TT
‰KwU QØv I `yBwU gy`Ëv ‰KGò wbGÞc Kiv nj|
 AbyK„j bgybvwe±`y = 3wU
K. bgybvGÞò I bgybvwe±`y ejGZ Kx eySvq? 2
3 1
L. mÁ¿veÅ NUbvi Probability tree Aâb Ki ‰es  P (ˆgŒwjK msLÅv I 2T) = =
24 8
bgybvGÞòwU ˆjL| 4  P (ˆRvo msLÅv I 2H) + P (ˆgŒwjK msLÅv I 2T)
M. P (ˆRvo msLÅv I 2H) + P (ˆgŒwjK msLÅv I 2T) wbYÆq 1 1 1
Ki| 4 = + =
8 8 4
(Ans.)
122 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
cÉk²  123 ewikvj ˆevWÆ 2017  cÉk² bs 8
K bgybvGÞò: ˆKvb Š`e cixÞvi mÁ¿veÅ mKj djvdj wbGq MwVZ

ˆKvGbv cixÞvq wewf®² msLÅK cÉGk²i Dîi cÉ`vbKvix cixÞv^Æxi
ˆmUGK bgybvGÞò eGj|
bgybvwe±`y: bgybvGÞGòi cÉwZwU Dcv`vbGK djvdGji bgybvwe±`y msLÅv wbÁ²i…c:
eGj| Dîi Kiv cÉGk²i msLÅv cixÞv^Æxi msLÅv
1 5
L ‰KwU QØv I `yBwU gy`Ëv ‰KGò wbGÞGci Probability tree
 2 45
wbÁ²i…c: 3 150
4 500
5 800
ev Zvi AwaK
6 500

‰KRb cixÞv^ÆxGK Š`efvGe wbeÆvPb Kiv nGjv|

K. bgybvGÞò ejGZ Kx eyS? 2
L. wbeÆvwPZ cixÞv^Æxi eoGRvi 4wU cÉGk²i Dîi Kivi
mÁ¿vebv KZ? 4
M. ˆ`LvI ˆh, wbeÆvwPZ cixÞv^Æxi Abƒa»Æ 5wU cÉGk²i Dîi
Kivi mÁ¿vebv, bƒÅbZg 6wU cÉGk²i Dîi Kivi mÁ¿vebvi
ˆPGq ˆewk| 4
123 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
K bgybvGÞò: ˆKvGbv Š`e cixÞvi mÁ¿veÅ mKj djvdj wbGq

MwVZ ˆmUGK bgybvGÞò eGj| ‰KwU gy`Ëv wbGÞc KiGj `yBwU
mÁ¿veÅ djvdj cvIqv hvq| h^v@ ˆnW (H) I ˆUj (T), ‰Lb
S «¼viv ‰ cixÞGYi djvdGji ˆmUGK mƒwPZ KiGj Avgiv
wjLGZ cvwi|
S = {H, T}| myZivs DÚ cixÞvi bgybvGÞò, S = {H, T}
L ‰LvGb, ˆgvU cixÞv^Æxi msLÅv = 5 + 45 + 150 + 500 + 800 + 500

= 2000
eoGRvi 4wU cÉGk²i Dîi Kivi cixÞv^Æxi ˆgvU msLÅv
= 5 + 45 + 150 + 500
= 700
 eo ˆRvi 4wU cÉGk²i Dîi Kivi mÁ¿vebv
eo ˆRvi 4wU cÉGk²i Dîi Kivi cixÞv^Æxi ˆgvU msLÅv
=
cixÞv^Æxi ˆgvU msLÅv
700 7
= = (Ans.)
2000 20
M ‘L’ nGZ cvB,

bgybv ˆÞò, S = {1HH, 1HT, 1TH, 1TT, 2HH, 2HT, 2TH, ˆgvU cixÞv^Æxi msLÅv = 2000
2TT, 3HH, 3HT, 3TH, 3TT, 4HH, 4HT, 4TH, 4TT, 5HH, Abƒa»Æ 5 wU cÉGk²i Dîi Kiv cixÞv^xÆi ˆgvU msLÅv
5HT, 5TH, 5TT, 6HH, 6HT, 6TH, 6TT} (Ans.) = 2000 – 500 = 1500
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ  PZz`Æk AaÅvq: mÁ¿vebv 103
wbeÆvwPZ cixÞv^xÆi Abƒa»Æ 5 wU cÉGk²i Dîi Kivi mÁ¿vebv 125 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
Abƒa»Æ 5 wU cÉGk²i Dîi Kivi cixÞv^Æxi ˆgvU msLÅv 1500 3 K bgybvGÞò: ˆKvb Š`e cixÞvq mÁ¿veÅ mKj djvdj wbGq MwVZ

= = = ˆmUGK bgybvGÞò eGj|
ˆgvU cixÞv^Æxi msLÅv 2000 4
Avevi, bƒÅbZg 6 wU cÉGk²i Dîi Kivi cixÞv^Æxi msLÅv = 500 bgybvwe±`yt bgybvGÞGòi cÉwZwU Dcv`vbGK djvdGji bgybv
we±`y eGj|
 bƒÅbZg 6 wU cÉGk²i Dîi Kivi mÁ¿vebv
L wZbevi gy`Ëv wbGÞGci Probability tree nGe:

bƒÅbZg 6 wU cÉGk²i Dîi Kivi cixÞv^Æxi msLÅv
=
ˆgvU cixÞv^Æxi msLÅv
500 1 3 1
= = ˆhGnZz >
2000 4 4 4
myZivs wbeÆvwPZ cixÞv^Æxi Abƒa»Æ 5 wU cÉGk²i Dîi Kivi
mÁ¿vebv, bƒÅbZg 6 wU cÉGk²i Dîi Kivi mÁ¿vebvi ˆPGq ˆewk|
(ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
cÉk²  124 ivRkvnx ˆevWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 8
1g evi wbGÞGc
beg ˆkÉwYi 90 Rb wkÞv^Æxi 90 w`Gbi wbÁ²wjwLZ msLÅK w`b gy`Ëvi wcV
AbycwÕ©wZi msLÅv:
AbycwÕ©Z w`bmsLÅv wkÞv^Æx msLÅv
0 10
2 15
3 25
5 20
5 ‰i
AwaK 20
K. 2 w`Gbi Kg AbycwÕ©Z wkÞv^Æxi mÁ¿vebv KZ? 2
L. 3 w`Gbi Kg AbycwÕ©Z ^vKv wkÞv^Æxi mÁ¿vebv wbYÆq bgybvGÞòwU, S = { HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT, THT, TTH, THH,
Ki| 4 TTT} (Ans.)
M. 5 A^ev 5 ‰i AwaK w`b AbycwÕ©Z ^vKv wkÞv^Æxi M ˆhGnZz ‰KwU gy`Ëvq 2 wU wcV ^vGK myZivs gy`ËvwU ‰Kevi
wbGÞc KiGj mÁ¿veÅ djvdj 2 wU|
mÁ¿vebv wbYÆq Ki| 4
Avevi, gy`ËvwU 2q evi wbGÞc KiGj mÁ¿veÅ djvdj 4 wU|
124 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb ‰gbfvGe,
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, ˆgvU wkÞv^Æx msLÅv = 90 Rb
 gy`ËvwU 1 evi wbGÞGc mÁ¿veÅ djvdj = 2
2 w`Gbi Kg AbycwÕ©Z wkÞv^Æxi msLÅv = 10 Rb ” 2 ” ” ” ” = 4 = 2  2 = 22
10 1 ” 3 ” ” ” ” = 8 = 2  2  2 = 23
 2 w`Gbi Kg AbycwÕ©Z wkÞv^Æxi mÁ¿vebv = = (Ans.)
90 9 ” 4 ” ” ” ” = 16 = 2  2  2  2 = 24
L 3 w`Gbi Kg AbycwÕ©Z ^vKv wkÞv^Æxi msLÅv = 10 + 15 = 25 Rb
 ............................................................................................
25 5 gy`ËvwU n evi wbGÞGc mÁ¿veÅ djvdj = 2n
 3 w`Gbi Kg AbycwÕ©Z ^vKv wkÞv^Æxi mÁ¿vebv = =  gy`ËvwU n msLÅK evi wbGÞc KiGj mÁ¿veÅ djvdj 2n ˆK
90 18
(Ans.) mg^Æb KGi| (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
M 5 A^ev 5 ‰i AwaK w`b AbycwÕ©Z ^vKv wkÞv^Æxi msLÅv
 cÉk²  126 KzwgÍÏv ˆevWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 8
= 20 + 20 = 40 Rb Škke ‰KwU gy`Ëv Pvievi wbGÞc Kij|
 5 A^ev 5 ‰i AwaK w`b AbycwÕ©Z ^vKv wkÞv^Æxi mÁ¿vebv K. ‰KwU QØv ‰Kevi wbGÞc Kiv nGj, weGRvo A^ev `yB
=
40 4
= (Ans.)
«¼viv wefvRÅ msLÅv IVvi mÁ¿vebv KZ? 2
90 9 L. mÁ¿veÅ NUbvi Probability tree Aâb Ki ‰es
cÉk²  125 w`bvRcyi ˆevWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 8 bgybvGÞòwU wjL| 4
‰KwU gy`Ëv wZbevi wbGÞc Kiv nGjv| M. KgcGÞ `y B wU ˆnW ‰es KgGcÞ ‰KwU ˆUj cvIqvi
mÁ¿vebv KZ? 4
K. bgybvGÞò I bgybvwe±`y ejGZ wK eyS? 2 126 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
L. mÁ¿veÅ NUbvi Probability tree Aâb Ki ‰es K ‰KwU QØv ‰Kevi wbGÞc KiGj bgybv ˆÞò = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
bgybvGÞòwU wjL| 4  ˆgvU bgybv we±`y = 6 wU
M. ˆ`LvI ˆh, gy`ËvwU n evi wbGÞGc msNwUZ NUbv 2n ˆK Avevi, QØvwU ‰Kevi wbGÞGc weGRvo A^ev 2 «¼viv wefvRÅ
mg^Æb KGi| 4 msLÅv Avmvi AbyK„j bgybv we±`y = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
104 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆUÕ¡ ˆccvim ˆgBW BwR: Dîicò  DœPZi MwYZ
 AbyK„j bgybv we±`y = 6 wU cÉk²  127 PëMÉvg ˆevWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 8
6
 weGRvo A^ev 2 «¼viv wefvRÅ msLÅv IVvi mÁ¿vebv = =1 ‰KwU ^GjGZ 10 wU jvj (R), 5 wU KvGjv (B), 4 wU mv`v (W) ‰es
6
(Ans.) 6 wU njy` (Y) gvGeÆj AvGQ| Š`efvGe ‰KwU gvGeÆj ˆbIqv nGjv|
L
 K. Š`e cixÞv Kx? 2
H L. gvGeÆjwU njy` A^ev KvGjv nIqvi mÁ¿vebv KZ? 4
H M. ˆ`LvI ˆh, gvGeÆjwU jvj A^ev mv`v A^ev KvGjv nIqvi
T mÁ¿vebv njy` bv nIqvi mÁ¿vebvi mgvb| 4
H 127 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
K Š`e cixÞv t hLb ˆKvGbv cixÞvi mÁ¿veÅ mKj djvdj AvGM
H
T
ˆ^GK Rvbv ^vGK wK¯§ cixÞvwUGZ ˆKvGbv ‰KUv wbw`ÆÓ¡ ˆPÓ¡vq
T wK djvdj AvmGe Zv wbwøZ KGi ejv hvq bv ZvGK Š`e
cixÞv eGj|
H
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,
H jvj gvGeÆj 10 wU, KvGjv gvGeÆj 5 wU, mv`v gvGeÆj 4 wU, njy`
H
gvGeÆj 6 wU
T
ˆgvU gvGeÆj AvGQ = 10 + 5 + 4 + 6 = 25 wU
T 5 1
 gvGeÆjwU KvGjv nIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 25 = 5
H
6
T  gvGeÆjwU njy` nIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 25
T
myZivs gvGeÆjwU njy` A^ev KvGjv nIqvi mÁ¿vebv
6 1 6 + 5 11
= + = = (Ans.)
25 5 25 25
H 10
H M gvGeÆjwU
 jvj nIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 25
T 4
gvGeÆjwU mv`v nIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 25
H
5
gvGeÆjwU KvGjv nIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 25
H
T  gvGeÆjwU jvj A^ev mv`v A^ev KvGjv nIqvi mÁ¿vebv
T 10 4 5 19
= + + =
25 25 25 25
T
6
‘L’ ˆ^GK cvB, gvGeÆjwU njy` nIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 25
H
6 19
H  gvGeÆjwU njy` bv nIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 1 – =
T 25 25
myZivs gvGeÆjwU jvj A^ev mv`v A^ev KvGjv nIqvi mÁ¿vebv,
T
gvGeÆjwU njy` bv nIqvi mÁ¿vebvi mgvb| (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
H cÉk²  128 hGkvi ˆevWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 8
T
20wU
wUGKGU 11 ˆ^GK ÷i‚ KGi 30 chƯ¦ KÌwgK bÁ¼i ˆ`Iqv AvGQ|
T
wUGKUàGjv fvGjvfvGe wgwkGq ‰KwU wUGKU Š`efvGe wbeÆvPb Kiv
nGjv|
 bgybvGÞò, S = {HHHH, HHHT, HHTH, HHTT, K. ciÕ·i wewœQ®² NUbv ejGZ Kx ˆevS? 2
HTHH, HTHT, HTTH, HTTT, THHH, THHT, THTH, L. wbeÆvwPZ wUGKGUi bÁ¼i 2 ‰i MywYZK ‰es 3 «¼viv wefvRÅ
THTT, TTHH, TTHT, TTTH, TTTT} nIqvi mÁ¿vebv wbYÆq Ki| 4
M ‘L’ ˆZ cÉvµ¦,
 M. ˆ`LvI ˆh, wbeÆvwPZ wUGKGUi bÁ¼iwU ˆgŒwjK A^ev 7 ‰i
bgybv ˆÞGò ˆgvU bgybv we±`y = 16 wU àwYZK nIqvi mÁ¿vebv, bÁ¼iwU weGRvo A^ev 4 «¼viv
KgcGÞ 2wU ˆnW ‰es ‰KwU ˆUj cvIqvi AbyK„j NUbv : wefvRÅ nIqvi mÁ¿vebvi ˆPGq Kg| 4
HHHT, HHTH, HHTT, HTHH, HTHT, HTTH, THHH, 128 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
THHT, THTH, TTHH
K ciÕ·i wewœQ®² NUbv: ˆKvGbv cixÞvq hw` ‰KUv NUbv NUGj
 AbyK„j bgybv we±`y = 10wU
10 5 AbÅUv A^ev AbÅ NUbvàGjv bv NUGZ cvGi ZGe DÚ
 KgcGÞ 2wU ˆnW ‰es ‰KwU ˆUj Avmvi mÁ¿vebv = =
16 8 NUbvàGjvGK ciÕ·i wewœQ®² NUbv eGj| ˆhgb, ‰KUv
(Ans.)
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ  PZz`Æk AaÅvq: mÁ¿vebv 105
wbiGcÞ gy`Ëv wbGÞc KiGj ˆnW Avmv ev ˆUj Avmv `yBwU  L wZbevi gy`Ëv wbGÞGci Probability tree nGe:
wewœQ®² NUbv| ˆKbbv ˆnW AvmGj ˆUj AvmGZ cvGi bv|
Avevi ˆUj AvmGj ˆnW AvmGZ cvGi bv| A^Ævr ˆnW I ˆUj
‰KmvG^ AvmGZ cvGi bv|
L ˆgvU wUGKU msLÅv = 20 wU

wUGKUàGjvi gGaÅ 2 ‰i àwYZK ‰es 3 «¼viv wefvRÅ ‰gb
msLÅvàGjv: 12, 18, 24, 30
Ô AbyK„j bgybv we±`y = 4 wU
 wUGKUwU 2 ‰i àwYZK ‰es 3 «¼viv wefvRÅ nIqvi mÁ¿vebv
4 1 1g evi wbGÞGc
= = (Ans.) gy`Ëvi wcV
20 5
M ˆgŒwjK msLÅv mÁ¼wjZ wUGKU nGjv:

11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29
Ô ˆgŒwjK msLÅv = 6 wU
Avevi, 7 ‰i àwYZK msLÅv = 14, 21, 28
Ô 7 ‰i àwYZK = 3 wU
 wUGKGUi bÁ¼iwU ˆgŒwjK A^ev 7 ‰i àwYZK nIqvi
6 3 6+3 9
mÁ¿vebv = 20 + 20 = 20 = 20
‰es wUGKGUi weGRvo bÁ¼iàGjv nGjv:
11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29 bgybvGÞòwU, S = { HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT, THT, TTH,
Ô weGRvo msLÅv = 10 wU THH, TTT} (Ans.)
Avevi, wUGKGUi 4 «¼viv wefvRÅ msLÅvàGjv nGjv: M
 bgybvGÞòwU, S = {HHT, HTH, HTT, HHH, THH, THT,
12, 16, 20, 24, 28 TTH, TTT}
Ô 4 «¼viv wefvRÅ msLÅv = 5 wU ˆgvU bgybv we±`y = 8wU
Ô wUGKGUi bÁ¼iwU weGRvo A^ev 4 «¼viv wefvRÅ nIqvi (i) KgcGÞ 1 wU ˆnW Avmvi AbyK„j bgybvwe±`y = 7 wU
7
10 5 10 + 5
mÁ¿vebv = 20 + 20 = 20 = 20
15  KgcGÞ 1 wU ˆnW cvIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 8 (Ans.)
9 15 (ii) wZbwUB ˆUj cvIqvi AbyK„j bgybvwe±`y = 1 wU|
‰LvGb, 20 < 20 1
 wZbwUB ˆUj cvIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 8 (Ans.)
AZ‰e, wUGKGUi bÁ¼iwU ˆgŒwjK A^ev 7 ‰i àwYZK nIqvi
mÁ¿vebv, bÁ¼iwU weGRvo A^ev 4 «¼viv wefvRÅ nIqvi mÁ¿vebvi cÉk²  130 ivRkvnx ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 6
ˆPGq Kg| (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) 40 ˆ^GK 60 chƯ¦ KÌwgK bÁ¼i ˆ`Iqv wUGKUàwj fvGjvfvGe wgwkGq

cÉk²  129 XvKv ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 6 ‰KwU wUGKU Š`efvGe ˆbIqv nj
K. wUGKUwU 8 «¼viv wefvRÅ nIqvi mÁ¿vebv wbYÆq Ki| 2
‰KwU wbiGcÞ gy`Ëv wZbevi wbGÞc Kiv nj| L. wUGKUwU ˆgŒwjK bq ‰es 6 «¼viv wefvRÅ nIqvi mÁ¿vebv
K. D`vniYmn mgmÁ¿veÅ NUbv I bgybv ˆÞGòi msæv wjL| 2 wbYÆq Ki| 4
L. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK Probalility tree ‰i gvaÅGg bgybv M. wUGKUwU weGRvo A^ev 5 ‰i àwYZK nIqvi mÁ¿vebv
ˆÞò ŠZwi Ki| 4 wbYÆq Ki| 4
M. DGÍÏwLZ cixÞvi RbÅ (i) KgcGÞ ‰KwU ˆnW; ‰es (ii) 130 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
wZbwUB ˆUj cvIqvi mÁ¿vebv wbYÆq Ki| 4 K 40 ˆ^GK 60 chƯ¦ ˆgvU Õ¼vfvweK msLÅv = 21 wU
129 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb Avevi, 40 ˆ^GK 60 chƯ¦ msLÅvàGjvi gGaÅ 8 «¼viv wefvRÅ
K mgmÁ¿veÅ NUbv: hw` ˆKvb Š`e cixÞvq NUbvàGjv NUvi
 msLÅv nGjv : 40, 48, 56 A^Ævr 8 «¼viv wefvRÅ msLÅv = 3 wU
mÁ¿vebv mgvb nq ZGe NUbvàGjvGK mgmÁ¿veÅ NUbv eGj| 3 1
 wUGKUwU 8 «¼viv wefvRÅ nIqvi mÁ¿vebv = = (Ans.)
21 7
ˆhgb, ‰KwU wbiGcÞ gy`Ëv wbGÞGc ˆnW I ˆUj Avmvi mÁ¿vebv
mgvb| ZvB ˆnW I ˆUj Avmv NUbv `ywU mgmÁ¿veÅ NUbv| L 40 ˆ^GK 60 chƯ¦ msLÅvàGjvi gGaÅ ˆgŒwjK bq ‰es 6 «¼viv
wefvRÅ msLÅvàGjv nGjv : 42, 48, 54, 60
bgybvGÞò: ˆKvb Š`e cixÞvi mÁ¿veÅ mKj djvdj wbGq MwVZ
A^Ævr ˆgŒwjK bq ‰es 6 «¼viv wefvRÅ msLÅv = 4 wU
ˆmUGK bgybvGÞò eGj|
 wUGKUwU ˆgŒwjK bq ‰es 6 «¼viv wefvRÅ nIqvi mÁ¿vebv
ˆhgb, hw` `ywU gy`Ëv ‰K mvG^ wbGÞc Kiv nq ZvnGj 4
bgybvGÞòwU nGe, S = {HH, HT, TH, TT} = (Ans.)
21
106 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆUÕ¡ ˆccvim ˆgBW BwR: Dîicò  DœPZi MwYZ
M ‰LvGb, 40 ˆ^GK 60 chƯ¦ Õ¼vfvweK msLÅvàGjvi ˆgvU msLÅv
 M mgMÉ mÁ¿veÅ djvdj = 10

= 21 wU| ivb weGRvo nevi ˆmU = {37, 51, 43, 5, 13}
‰es 40 ˆ^GK 60 chƯ¦ msLÅvàGjvi gGaÅ weGRvo A^ev 5 ‰i ivb 5 ‰i àwYZK nevi ˆmU = {5, 30}
àwYZK msLÅvàGjv nGjvt  ivb weGRvo A^ev 5 ‰i àwYZK nevi AbyK„j djvdGji ˆmU
= {37, 51, 43, 5, 13}  {5, 30} = {37, 51, 43, 5, 13, 30}
40, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 50, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 60
 ivb weGRvo A^ev 5 ‰i àwYZK nevi AbyK„j bgybvwe±`yi
A^Ævr, weGRvo ev 5 ‰i àwYZK = 13wU
msLÅv = 6 wU
13
 wUGKUwU weGRvo A^ev 5 ‰i àwYZK nIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 21  ˆh ˆKvGbv ‰KwU BwbsGmi ivb weGRvo A^ev 5 ‰i àwYZK
6 3
(Ans.) nIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 10 = 5 (Ans.)
cÉk²  131 w`bvRcyi ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 6 cÉk²  132 KzwgÍÏv ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 6
gykwdKzi iwnGgi meÆGkl 10wU Av¯¦RÆvwZK T-20 BwbsGmi ivb ‰KwU wbiGcÞ gy`Ëv I ‰KwU QØv wbGÞc Kiv nj|
wbÁ²i…c K. mÁ¿veÅ NUbvi Probability tree Aâb Ki| 2
37, 51, 30, 2, 42, 38, 43, 62, 5, 13 L. bgybvGÞò nGZ gy`Ëvq ˆUj I QØvq weGRvo msLÅv cvIqvi
K. ‰KwU wbiGcÞv gy`vË `yBevi wbGÞc Kiv nGj msNwUZ mÁ¿vebv wbYÆq Ki| 4
NUbvi Probability tree AsKb Ki| 2 M. QØvevG` gy ` Ë v wU hw` 3 evi wbGÞc Kiv nq, ZGe KgcGÞ
‰KwU ˆnW cvIqvi mÁ¿vebv wbYÆq Ki| 4
L. ˆhGKvGbv ‰KwU BwbsGm AaÆkZ ivb Kivi mÁ¿vebv ‰es 132 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
bv Kivi mÁ¿vebvi gGaÅ cv^ÆKÅ wbYÆq Ki| 4 
K ‰KwU gy`Ëv I ‰KwU QØv wbGÞc NUbvi Probability tree wbGÁ²
M. ˆh ˆKvGbv ‰KwU BwbsGmi ivb weGRvo A^ev 5 ‰i ˆ`LvGbv nGjv:
àwYZK nIqvi mÁ¿vebv wbYÆq Ki| 4 QØvi wcV
131 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb 1
K ‰KwU wbiGcÞ gy`Ëv `yBevi wbGÞGci mÁ¿veÅ mKj djvdj
2
Probability Tree ‰i mvnvGhÅ wbGÁ² ˆ`Iqv nGjv:
3
H H
4
H
5
1g evi wbGÞGc T
gy`Ëvi wcV 6
H
gy`Ëvi wcV
T
1
T
2

3
L Avgiv Rvwb,
 T
4
DÚ NUbvi AbyK„j djvdj
ˆKvGbv NUbvi mÁ¿vebv =
mgMÉ mÁ¿veÅ djvdj 5

gykwdKzi iwnGgi meÆGkl 10wU Av¯¦RÆvwZK T-20 BwbsGmi  bgybv ˆÞòwU nGe : 6

ivb ˆ`Iqv AvGQ| {H1, T1, H2, T2, H3, T3, H4, T4, H5, T5, H6, T6}
(Ans.)
 mgMÉ mÁ¿veÅ djvdj = 10
ˆgvU bgybvwe±`y = 12wU
Av¯¦RÆvwZK T-20 BwbsGm AaÆkZ ivb ev Zvi AwaK KGiGQ Avevi, gy`Ëvq ˆnW I QØvq ˆRvo msLÅv cvIqvi AbyK„j NUbv
‰i…c NUbv nGjv 51 I 62 = H2, H4, H6
 AbyK„j djvdj = 2wU  AbyK„j bgybvwe±`y = 3wU
 Zvi ˆh ˆKvGbv ‰KwU BwbsGm AaÆkZ ivb Kivi mÁ¿vebv  gy`Ëvq ˆnW I QØvq ˆRvo msLÅv cvIqvi mÁ¿vebv
2 1 3
= = (Ans.) = 12
10 5
1
 Zvi ˆh ˆKvGbv ‰KwU BwbsGm AaÆkZ ivb bv Kivi mÁ¿vebv = (Ans.)
4
1 4
=1– =
5 5
L ‘K’ ‰i probability tree ˆ^GK bgybv ˆÞòwU nGe :

{H1, T1, H2, T2, H3, T3, H4, T4, H5, T5, H6, T6}
AaÆkZ ivb Kivi mÁ¿vebv I AaÆkZ ivb bv Kivi mÁ¿vebvi ‰LvGb, ˆgvU bgybv we±`y 12 wU| gy`Ëvq ˆUj I QØvq weGRvo
4 1 3
gGaÅ cv^ÆKÅ = 5  5 = 5 (Ans.) msLÅv cvIqvi AbyK„j NUbv = 3wU
 gy`Ëvq ˆUj I QØvq weGRvo msLÅv cvIqvi mÁ¿vebv
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ  PZz`Æk AaÅvq: mÁ¿vebv 107

=
3 1
= (Ans.) Avevi, XvKv ˆ^GK ivRkvnx ˆUÇGb wK¯§ ivRkvnx ˆ^GK Lyjbv
12 4 5 7 7
M
 bgybvGÞòwU, S = {HHT, HTH, HTT, HHH, THH, THT, ˆµÏGb bv hvIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 8  10 = 16 (Ans.)
TTH, TTT}
cÉk²  134 wmGjU ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 6
ˆgvU bgybv we±`y = 8wU
‰KwU QØv I `yBwU gy`Ëv ‰KmGã wbGÞc Kiv nGjv|
KgcGÞ 1wU ˆnW Avmvi AbyK„j bgybvwe±`y = 7 wU
7 K. bgybv ˆÞò I bgybv we±`y Kx? 2
 KgcGÞ 1wU ˆnW cvIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 8 (Ans.) L. mÁ¿veÅ NUbvi Probability tree ŠZwi Ki ‰es bgybv
cÉk²  133 PëMÉvg ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 6 ˆÞòwU wjL| 4
M. gy`Ëvq KgcGÞ ‰KwU T ‰es QØvq 2 I 3 ‰i àwYZK
2
‰KRb ˆjvK PëMÉvg ˆ^GK evGm XvKv hvIqvi mÁ¿vebv 5, XvKv Avmvi mÁ¿vebv KZ? 4
5 134 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
ˆ^GK ˆUÇGb ivRkvnx hvIqvi mÁ¿vebv 8 ‰es ivRkvnx nGZ ˆµÏGb
K bgybvGÞòt ˆKvb Š`e cixÞvi mÁ¿veÅ mKj djvdj wbGq

3 MwVZ ˆmUGK bgybvGÞò eGj|
Lyjbv hvIqvi mÁ¿vebv 10|
bgybv we±`yt ˆKvb Š`e cixÞvq cÉvµ¦ bgybvGÞGòi cÉwZwU
K. wbwøZ NUbv I AmÁ¿e NUbv Kx? 2
Dcv`vbGK bgybv we±`y eGj|
L. mÁ¿vebvi gvaÅGg Probability tree Aâb Ki| 4
ˆhgb: ‰KwU gy`Ëv ‰Kevi wbGÞc cixÞvq bgybvGÞò S = {H, T}
M. PëMÉvg ˆ^GK XvKv evGm bq, XvKv ˆ^GK ivRkvnx ˆUÇGb
‰es ‰LvGb H, T cÉGZÅGKB ‰K ‰KUv bgybv we±`y|
‰es ivRkvnx ˆ^GK Lyjbv ˆµÏGb hvIqvi mÁ¿vebv KZ ˆei
L ‰KwU QØv I `yBwU gy`Ëv ‰KGò wbGÞGci Probability tree

Ki| ˆjvKwU XvKv ˆ^GK ivRkvnx ˆUÇGb wK¯§ Lyjbv ˆµÏGb
bv hvIqvi mÁ¿vebv wbYÆq Ki| 4 wbÁ²i…c:
133 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
K wbwøZ NUbvt ˆKvb cixÞvq ˆh NUbv AekÅB NUGe ZvGK

wbwøZ NUbv eGj| wbwøZ NUbvi ˆÞGò mÁ¿vebvi gvb 1 nq|
ˆhgb AvMvgxKvj mƒhÆ cƒeÆw`GK DVvi mÁ¿vebv ‰KwU wbwøZ
NUbv ‰es mÁ¿vebvi gvb 1|
AmÁ¿e NUbvt ˆKvb cixÞvq ˆh NUbv KLGbv NUGe bv A^Ævr
NUGZ cvGi bv ZvGK AmÁ¿e NUbv eGj|
ˆhgb@ AvMvgxKvj mƒhÆ cwøg w`GK DVv ‰KwU AmÁ¿e NUbv
‰es ‰i mÁ¿vebvi gvb 0|
L wbGÁ² Probability tree AsKb Kiv nGjvt


M ‘L’ ‰ cÉvµ¦ Probability tree ˆ^GK cvB,


PëMÉvg ˆ^GK XvKv evGm bq, XvKv ˆ^GK ivRkvnx ˆUÇGb ‰es
ivRkvnx ˆ^GK Lyjbvq ˆµÏGb hvIqvi mÁ¿vebv
3 5 3 9
=   = (Ans.)
5 8 10 80
108 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆUÕ¡ ˆccvim ˆgBW BwR: Dîicò  DœPZi MwYZ
bgybv ˆÞò, S = {1HH, 1HT, 1TH, 1TT, 2HH, 2HT, 2TH, L. mÁ¿veÅ NUbvi Probability Tree AsKb KGi bgybv ˆÞòwU
2TT, 3HH, 3HT, 3TH, 3TT, 4HH, 4HT, 4TH, 4TT, 5HH, wjL| 4
5HT, 5TH, 5TT, 6HH, 6HT, 6TH, 6TT} (Ans.)
M. ˆ`LvI ˆh, wZbwU ˆnW cvIqvi mÁ¿vebv ‰es eoGRvi
M
 ‘L’ ˆZ cÉvµ¦, bgybvGÞGòi ˆgvU bgybv we±`y = 24wU| `yBwU ˆUj cvIqvi mÁ¿vebvi mgwÓ¡ 1| 4
‰LvGb, gy`Ëvq KgcGÞ ‰KwU T ‰es QØvq 2 I 3 ‰i àwYZK 136 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
A^Ævr 6 Avmvi AbyK„j bgybv we±`yàGjv nGjv: 6HT, 6TH, 6TT K ˆKvGbv Š`e cixÞvi mÁ¿veÅ mKj djvdj wbGq MwVZ ˆmUGK
A^Ævr, bgybv we±`y = 3 wU|
bgybvGÞò eGj|
 gy`Ëvq KgcGÞ ‰KwU T ‰es QØvq 2 I 3 ‰i àwYZK
3 1
D`vniY: aiv hvK `yBwU gy`Ëv ‰KmvG^ wbGÞc Kiv nGjv,
Avmvi mÁ¿vebv = 24 = 8 (Ans.) ZvnGj bgybvGÞòwU nGe, S = {HH, HT, TH, TT}
cÉk²  135 hGkvi ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 6 L
 wZbevi gy`Ëv wbGÞGci Probability tree nGe:
‰KwU Õ•zGji 9g ˆkÉwYi A, B, C, D, E I F kvLvi wkÞv^xÆ msLÅv
h^vKÌGg 50, 55, 60, 45, 40 ‰es 30 Rb| A, B, C kvLvi wkÞv^xÆ
weævb wefvGMi, D I E kvLvi wkÞv^xÆ eÅemvq wkÞv wefvGMi ‰es
F kvLvi wkÞv^xÆ gvbweK wefvGMi| DcwÕ©Z eÚ‡Zvi RbÅ ‰KRb
wkÞv^xÆ Š`efvGe wbeÆvPb Kiv nGjv|
K. wbwøZ NUbv I AmÁ¿e NUbv KvGK eGj? 2
L. wbeÆvwPZ wkÞv^xÆ weævb wefvGMi nIqvi mÁ¿vebv wbYÆq
Ki| 4 1g evi wbGÞGc
M. wbeÆvwPZ wkÞv^xÆ gvbweK wefvGMi A^ev eÅemvq wkÞv gy`Ëvi wcV
wefvGMi nIqvi mÁ¿vebv wbYÆq Ki| 4
135 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
K wbwøZ NUbvt ˆKvGbv cixÞvq ˆh NUbv AekÅB NUGe ZvGK
wbwøZ NUbv eGj| wbwøZ NUbvi ˆÞGò mÁ¿vebvi gvb 1 nq|
AmÁ¿e NUbvt ˆKvGbv cixÞvq ˆh NUbv KLGbv NUGe bv A^Ævr
NUGZ cvGi bv ZvGK AmÁ¿e NUbv eGj| AmÁ¿e NUbvi
mÁ¿vebv me mgq kƒbÅ nq|
L ˆgvU wkÞv^Æx msLÅv = (50 + 55 + 60 + 45 + 40 + 30) Rb
= 280 Rb bgybvGÞòwU, S = { HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT, THT, TTH,
weævb wefvGMi wkÞv^Æx msLÅv = (50 + 55 + 60) Rb = 165 Rb THH, TTT} (Ans.)
 ‰KRb wkÞv^Æx Š`efvGe wbeÆvPb Kiv nGj, wbeÆvwPZ wkÞv^Æx 
M ‘L’ nGZ cvB, bgybvGÞò,
165 33
weævb wefvGMi nIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 280 = 56 (Ans.) S = {HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT, THH, THT, TTH, TTT}
‰LvGb, ˆgvU bgybvwe±`y 8wU|
M ‘L’ nGZ cÉvµ¦,
wZbwU ˆnW (H) cvIqvi AbyK„j NUbv {HHH} = 1 wU
ˆgvU wkÞv^Æx msLÅv = 280 Rb| 1
gvbweK wefvGMi wkÞv^Æx msLÅv = 30 Rb|  wZbwU ˆnW (H) cvIqvi mÁ¿vebv =
8
eÅemvq wkÞv wefvGMi wkÞv^Æx msLÅv = (45 + 40) Rb = 85 Rb Avevi, eoGRvi `yBwU ˆUj (T) cvIqvi AbyK„j NUbv
30
wbeÆvwPZ wkÞv^Æx gvbweK wefvGMi nIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 280 {HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT, THH, THT, TTH} = 7 wU
7
Avevi,  eoGRvi `yBwU ˆUj cvIqvi mÁ¿vebv =
8
85
wbeÆvwPZ wkÞv^Æx eÅemvq wkÞv wefvGMi nIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 280  wZbwU ˆnW I eoGRvi `yBwU ˆUj cvIqvi mÁ¿vebvi
1 7 1+7 8
 wbeÆvwPZ wkÞv^Æx gvbweK wefvGMi A^ev eÅemvq wkÞv mgwÓ¡ = 8 + 8 = 8 = 8 = 1 (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
30 85 30 + 85
wefvGMi nIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 280 + 280 = 280 cÉk²  137 XvKv ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 6
115 23
= =
280 56
(Ans.) ‰KwU wbiGcÞ gy`Ëv wZbevi wbGÞc Kiv nGjv
cÉk²  136 ewikvj ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 6 K. D`vniYmn bgybvGÞGòi msæv `vI| 2
L. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK Probability tree-‰i gvaÅGg
‰KwU gy`Ëv wZbevi wbGÞc Kiv nj|
bgybvGÞò ŠZwi Ki| 4
K. D`vniYmn bgybvGÞGòi msæv `vI| 2
M. DGÍÏwLZ cixÞvi RbÅ wbGPi NUbvàGjv NUvi mÁ¿vebv
wbYÆq Ki : 4
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ  PZz`Æk AaÅvq: mÁ¿vebv 109
(i) ˆKej ‰KwU ˆUj cvIqv;  XvKv ˆ^GK ivRkvnx ˆUÇGb bv hvIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 1  7 = 7
2 5
(ii) KgcGÞ ‰KwU ˆnW cvIqv|
137 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb (Ans.)
L mÁ¿veÅ NUbvi Probability tree Aâb Kiv nGjv:

K bgybvGÞò: ˆKvb Š`e cixÞvi mÁ¿veÅ mKj djvdj wbGq MwVZ

M
ˆmUGK bgybvGÞò eGj| evGm
D`vniY: ‰KUv gy`Ëv wbGÞc KiGj `yBwU mÁ¿veÅ djvdj evGm bq
R
cvIqv hvq| h^v: ˆnW (H) I ˆUj (T)| ‰Lb, S «¼viv ‰ ˆUÇGb M

cixÞGYi djvdGji ˆmUGK mƒwPZ KiGj, Avgiv wjLGZ cvwi evGm M

evGm D
S = {H, T} R evGm bq
ˆUÇGb bq M
myZivs DÚ cixÞvi bgybvGÞò, S = {H, T} C
evGm M
ˆUÇGb R
L m†Rbkxj 16(K) bs mgvavb `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-424
 evGm bq
evGm bq D
M (i) awi, NUbv, A = ˆKej ‰KwU ˆUj cvIqv bgybvGÞò
 ˆUÇGb bq M
= {HHT, HTH, THH}
evGm
R M
 A NUbvi AbyK„j bgybv we±`yi msLÅv = 3
evGm bq
‰es ˆgvU bgybv we±`yi msLÅv = 8 M

3
 P(A) =
8
(Ans.) M mÁ¿vebvi gvaÅGg Probability tree ˆ`LvGbv nGjv :

(ii) awi, NUbv, B = KgcGÞ ‰KwU ˆnW cvIqvi bgybvGÞò 3 M
5
= {HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT, THH, THT, TTH} 3 2
1 =
5 5
 B NUbvq AbyK„j bgybv we±`yi msLÅv = 7 2
R
M
7
‰es ˆgvU bgybv we±`yi msLÅv = 8 3
5 5 M
7 9 D 3 2
 P(B) = (Ans.) R 1 =
8 2 5 5 5
C 1 = 3 M
7 7
cÉk²  138 ivRkvnx ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 6 2 5
R M
7
‰KRb ˆjvGKi wPUvMvs ˆ^GK XvKv evGm hvIqvi mÁ¿vebv 5 , XvKv 5 4
1 = D
9 9 9 3 2 M
1 =
5 5
ˆ^GK ivRkvnx ˆUÇGb hvIqvi mÁ¿vebv 2 , ivRkvnx ˆ^GK KzmyÁ¼v 2 5 R
7 1 =
7 7 3 M
3 5
gmwR` evGm hvIqvi mÁ¿vebv | (wPUvMvs C, XvKv D, ivRkvnx 3 2
1 = M
5 5 5

R ‰es KzmyÁ¼v gmwR` M aZÆeÅ)

‰Lb, ˆjvKwUi XvKv evGm bq, ivRkvnxGZ ˆUÇGb ‰es KzmyÁ¼v
K. XvKv ˆ^GK ivRkvnx ˆUÇGb bv hvIqvi mÁ¿vebv wbYÆq Ki| 2
gmwR` evGm bv hvIqvi mÁ¿vebv = P [XvKv evGm bq,
L. mÁ¿veÅ NUbvi Probability tree Aâb Ki| 4 ivRkvnxGZ ˆUÇGb, KzmyÁ¼v gmwR` evGm bq]
M. Probability tree eÅenvi KGi XvKv evGm bq, ivRkvnxGZ 4 2 2 16
=   = (Ans.)
9 7 5 315
ˆUÇGb ‰es KzmyÁ¼v gmwR` evGm bv hvIqvi mÁ¿vebv wbYÆq
cÉk²  139 w`bvRcyi ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 6
Ki| 4
‰KwU gy`Ëv Pvi evi wbGÞc Kiv nGjv|
138 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
K. Š`e cixÞv ejGZ Kx eyS? 2
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,
 L. mÁ¿veÅ NUbvi Probability tree Aâb Ki ‰es
ˆjvKwUi XvKv ˆ^GK ivRkvnx ˆUÇGb hvIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 7
2 bgybvGÞòwU wjL| 4
M. PviwU ˆnW ‰es KgcGÞ ‰KwU ˆUj cvIqvi mÁ¿vebv KZ
ˆhGnZz, mÁ¿vebvi mGeÆvœP gvb 1| Zv ˆei Ki| 4
139 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
110 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆUÕ¡ ˆccvim ˆgBW BwR: Dîicò  DœPZi MwYZ
K Š`e cixÞv: hLb ˆKvGbv cixÞvi mÁ¿veÅ mKj djvdj AvGM ˆ^GK cÉk²  140
 KzwgÍÏv ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 6
Rvbv ^vGK, wK¯§ cixÞvwUGZ ˆKvGbv wbw`ÆÓ¡ ˆPÓ¡vq Kx djvdj ‰KwU QØvGK `yBevi wbiGcÞfvGe wbGÞc Kiv nGjv
AvmGe Zv wbwøZ KGi ejv hvq bv, ZvGK Š`e cixÞv eGj| K. hw` QØvwUGK `yBevGii cwieGZÆ ‰Kevi wbGÞc Kiv
L
 nGZv, ZGe weGRvo msLÅv Avmvi mÁ¿vebv KZ? 2
H L. mÁ¿veÅ NUbvi Probability tree Aâb Ki ‰es
H
T
bgybvGÞòwU ˆjL| 4
M. DóxcGKi QØv ‰es ‰KwU gy`Ëv wbGÞc Kiv nGj QØvq 5
H
‰es gy`vË q H Avmvi mÁ¿vebv KZ? 4
H 140 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
T K ‰KwU QØv wbGÞc Kiv nGj bgybv ˆÞòwU nGe, {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}

T
myZivs mgMÉ mÁ¿veÅ djvdj = 6
H
QØvq weGRvo msLÅvi ˆmU = {1, 3, 5}
H A^Ævr DÚ NUbvi AbyK„j djvdj = 3
H  QØvwU ‰Kevi wbGÞc KiGj weGRvo msLÅv Avmvi mÁ¿vebv
T 3 1
= = (Ans.)
T 6 2
L m†Rbkxj 96(M) bs mgvavGbi Abyi…c| c†Ó¤v-451

H
T M ‰KwU QØv ‰es ‰KwU gy`Ëv wbGÞc Kiv nGj bgybvGÞòwU nGe,

T {1H, 1T, 2H, 2T, 3H, 3T, 4H, 4T, 5H, 5T, 6H, 6T}
 mgMÉ mÁ¿veÅ djvdj = 12
QØvq 5 ‰es gy`Ëvq H Avmvi AbyK„j NUbvi bgybvGÞò = {5H}
H  DÚ NUbvi AbyK„j djvdj = 1
H 1
T P (QØvq 5 ‰es gy`Ëvq H Avmv) = 12 (Ans.)
H cÉk²  141 PëMÉvg ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 6
H ‰KwU gy`Ëv wZbevi wbGÞc Kiv nGjv
T
K. gy`ËvwU ‰Kevi wbGÞc KiGj ˆnW I ˆUj Avmvi
T
mÁ¿vebvi mgwÓ¡ wbYÆq Ki| 2
T L. mÁ¿veÅ NUbvi probability tree Aâb Ki
H ‰es bgybvGÞòwU wjL| 4
H M. wZbwU ˆnW ‰es KgcGÞ ‰KwU ˆUj cvIqvi mÁ¿vebv
T
ˆei Ki| 4
T 141 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
H K gy`ËvwU ‰Kevi wbGÞc KiGj bgybvGÞò, S = {H, T}

T 1 1
ˆnW Avmvi mÁ¿vebv = 2 , ˆUj Avmvi mÁ¿vebv = 2
T
1 1
 ˆnW I ˆUj Avmvi mÁ¿vebvi mgwÓ¡ = 2 + 2 = 1
L m†Rbkxj 6(K) bs mgvavb `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-424
 bgybvGÞò, S = {HHHH, HHHT, HHTH, HHTT, HTHH, 
HTHT, HTTH, HTTT, THHH, THHT, THTH, THTT,  M awi, NUbv, A = wZbwU ˆnW = {HHH}
TTHH, TTHT, TTTH, TTTT}
 A NUbvi AbyK„j bgybv we±`yi msLÅv = 1
M ‘L’ ‰i bgybvGÞò ˆ^GK,
 1
PviwU ˆnW cvevi djvdj = {HHHH} A^Ævr 1 wU ‰es ˆgvU bgybv we±`yi msLÅv = 8  P(A) = 8 (Ans.)
1
 PviwU ˆnW (H) cvevi mÁ¿vebv = (Ans.)
Avevi, awi, NUbv B = KgcGÞ ‰KwU T cov
16 = {HHT, HTH, HTT, THH, THT, TTH, TTT}
KgcGÞ ‰KwU ˆUj (T) cvevi djvdj = 15 wU B NUbvi AbyK„j bgybvwe±`yi msLÅv = 7

15
KgcGÞ ‰KwU ˆUj (T) cvevi mÁ¿vebv = 16 (Ans.) ‰es ˆgvU bgybvwe±`yi msLÅv = 8
7
 P(B) = (Ans.)
8
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ  PZz`Æk AaÅvq: mÁ¿vebv 111
cÉk²  142 wmGjU ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 6 cÉk²  143 hGkvi ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 6
iwdK XvKv nGZ ivRkvnx I ivRkvnx nGZ Lyjbv AvmGe eGj wÕ©i Rbve AvjGdÌW `kg ˆkÉwYi DœPZi MwYGZi KÑvGm wMGq H ˆkÉwYi
Kij| wK¯¦y ˆm evGm bv, ˆUÇGb hvGe Zv wÕ©i KiGZ cviwQj bv| Qvòx ˆRwmGK 20 ˆ^GK 30 chƯ¦ Õ¼vfvweK msLÅvàGjv wjLGZ ejvq
ZvB ˆm ‰KwU gy`Ëv `yBevi wbGÞc KGi wbGRi mÁ¿vebv hvPvB ˆRwm Zv mwVKfvGe ˆevGWÆ wjLj| ‰ici wZwb QvòxG`i ˆh ˆKvGbv
KiwQj| ˆkGl ˆ`Lv ˆMj, Zvi XvKv nGZ ivRkvnx evGm hvIqvi ‰KwU msLÅv Š`efvGe Pqb KiGZ ejGjb|
K. msLÅvwU ˆgŒwjK bv nIqvi mÁ¿vebv wbYÆq Ki| 2
mÁ¿vebv 2 ‰es ivRkvnx nGZ Lyjbv ˆUÇGb hvIqvi mÁ¿vebv 5|
7 8 L. msLÅvwU c†^KfvGe 2, 3 I 5 «¼viv wefvRÅ nIqvi mÁ¿vebv
K. mgmÁ¿veÅ NUbv Kx? D`vniY `vI| 2 ‰es ‰KB mvG^ 2, 3 I 5 «¼viv wefvRÅ nIqvi mÁ¿vebv
L. iwdGKi wbGÞwcZ gy`Ëvi bgybv ˆÞò Probability tree ‰i wbYÆq Ki| 4
gvaÅGg wbYÆq Ki I HH Avmvi mÁ¿vebv wbYÆq Ki| 4 M. ˆ`LvI ˆh, msLÅvwU ˆgŒwjK nIqvi mÁ¿vebv ‰es 2, 3 ev
M. Probability eÅenvi KGi, iwdGKi ivRkvnx evGm bq 5 ‰i àwYZK nIqvi mÁ¿vebvi ˆhvMdj 1| 4
‰es Lyjbv ˆUÇGb hvIqvi mÁ¿vebv wbYÆq Ki| 4 143 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
K 20 ˆ^GK 30 msLÅvàGjvi gGaÅ ˆgŒwjK msLÅv = 2 wU
142 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
ˆgvU msLÅv = 30 – 20 + 1 = 11 wU
K mgmÁ¿veÅ NUbv: hw` ˆKvGbv cixÞvi NUbvàGjv NUvi mÁ¿vebv

ˆgŒwjK nIqv AbyK„j djvdj 2
mgvb nq A^Ævr ‰KwU AciwUi ˆPGq ˆewk ev Kg mÁ¿veÅ bv nq  ˆgŒwjK nIqvi mÁ¿vebv = ˆgvU mÁ¿veÅ djvdj =
11
ZGe NUbvàGjvGK mgmÁ¿veÅ eGj| ˆhgb, ‰KwU wbiGcÞ gy`Ëv 2 9
(
wbGÞGc ˆnW ev ˆUj Avmvi mÁ¿vebv mgvb| myZivs ˆnW Avmv  ˆgŒwjK bv nIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 1  11 = 11 (Ans.) )
ev ˆUj Avmv NUbv `yBwU mgmÁ¿veÅ NUbv| L 20 ˆ^GK 30 ‰i gGaÅ,

L `yBevi gy`Ëv wbGÞGci Probability tree :
 2 «¼viv wefvRÅ msLÅv = 6 wU
 msLÅvwU 2 «¼viv wefvRÅ nIqvi mÁ¿vebv
2q gy`Ëvq H
2 «¼viv wefvRÅ nIqvi AbyK„j djvdj 6
= = (Ans.)
H mgMÉ mÁ¿veÅ djvdj 11

2q gy`Ëvq T 3 «¼viv wefvRÅ msLÅv = 4 wU

1g gy`Ëvi wcV  msLÅvwU 3 «¼viv wefvRÅ nIqvi mÁ¿vebv
2q gy`Ëvq H 3 «¼viv wefvRÅ nIqvi AbyK„j djvdj 4
= = (Ans.)
T
mgMÉ mÁ¿veÅ djvdj 11
5 «¼viv wefvRÅ msLÅv = 3 wU
2q gy`Ëvq T
 msLÅvwU 5 «¼viv wefvRÅ nIqvi mÁ¿vebv
5 «¼viv wefvRÅ nIqvi AbyK„j djvdj 3
= = (Ans.)
 bgybvGÞò = {HH, HT, TH, TT} mgMÉ mÁ¿veÅ djvdj 11

 ˆgvU bgybvwe±`y = 4 msLÅvwU ‰KB mvG^ 2, 3 I 5 «¼viv wefvRÅ nGe, hw` Zv 15 «¼viv
1 wefvRÅ nq|
 HH Avmvi mÁ¿vebv = (Ans.)
4  15 «¼viv wefvRÅ msLÅv = 1 wU
M iwdGKi wewf®² DcvGq XvKv ˆ^GK ivRkvnx I ivRkvnx nGZ  ‰KB mvG^ 2, 3 I 5 «¼viv wefvRÅ nIqv mÁ¿vebv

Lyjbv hvIqvi Probability tree wbGÁ² ˆ`LvGbv nGjv: 15 «¼viv wefvRÅ nIqvi AbyKzj NUbv 1
= = (Ans.)
5 mgMÉ mÁ¿veÅ NUbv 11
ˆUÇGb 8  Lyjbv M ‰LvGb, ‰i àwYZGKi msLÅv,
 2 n(A) = 6
2
evGm 7  ivRkvnx 3 ‰i àwYZGKi msLÅv, n(B) = 4
3 Lyjbv 5 ‰i àwYZGKi msLÅv, n(C) = 3
XvKv ˆUÇGb bq 8  ‰Lb, 2 I 3 ‰i àwYZK, n(A  B)
5
ˆUÇGb 8  ev, 6 ‰i àwYZGKi msLÅv = 2
Lyjbv
evGm bq 7 
5 Avevi, 3 I 5 ‰i àwYZK, n(B  C)
ivRkvnx ev, 15 ‰i àwYZGKi msLÅv = 1
3
ˆUÇGb bq 8  Lyjbv Avevi, 2 I 5 ‰i àwYZK, n(A  C)
ev, 10 ‰i àwYZGKi msLÅv = 2
 2, 3, 5 ‰i àwYZGKi msLÅv, n(A  B  C) = 1
 iwdGKi ivRkvnx evGm bq ‰es Lyjbv ˆUÇGb hvIqvi  2, 3 ev 5 ‰i àwYZGKi msLÅv, n(A  B  C) = n(A) + n(B)
5 5 25 + n(C)  n(A  B)  n(B  C)  n(A  C) + n(A  B  C)
mÁ¿vebv = 7  8 = 56 (Ans.)
=6+4+3212+1=9
112 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆUÕ¡ ˆccvim ˆgBW BwR: Dîicò  DœPZi MwYZ
 2, 3 ev 5 ‰i àwYZK nIqvi mÁ¿vebv P(A) =
n(A)
........... (i)
n(S)
AbyK„j mÁ¿veÅ djvdj 9
= =
mgMÉ mÁ¿veÅ djvdj 11 ‰wU Õ·Ó¡ ˆh, A NUbvi Dcv`vb msLÅv 0 ˆ^GK n(S) ‰i gGaÅ
2 ^vKGe|
Avevi, ˆgŒwjK nIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 11 [‘K’ nGZ]
A^Ævr, 0  n(A)  n(S)
 msLÅvwU ˆgŒwjK nIqvi mÁ¿vebv ‰es 2, 3 ev 5 ‰i àwYZK 0 n(A) n(S)
ev, n(S)  n(S)  n(S) [n(S) «¼viv fvM KGi]
2 9 11
nIqvi mÁ¿vebvi ˆhvMdj = + = = 1 (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
11 11 11 ev, 0  P(A)  1 [(i) bs mgxKiY ˆ^GK]
 0  P(A)  1 (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
cÉk²  144 ewikvj ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 6
L dGji SzwoGZ Avg 2wU, AvGcj 24wU ‰es Kgjv 15wU|

‰KwU dGji SzwoGZ 2 wU Avg, 24 wU AvGcj ‰es 15 wU Kgjv  ˆgvU dj = 41 wU
AvGQ| ^Gj nGZ Š`efvGe ‰KwU dj ˆbIqv nGjv| 2
djwU Avg nIqvi mÁ¿vebv, P(M) = 41
K. ˆ`LvI ˆh, ˆKvGbv NUbvi mÁ¿vebvi gvb 0 ˆ^GK 1 ‰i
gGaÅ mxgve«¬ ^vGK| 2 djwU AvGcj nIqvi mÁ¿vebv, P(A) = 41
24

L. djwU Avg A^ev AvGcj nIqvi mÁ¿vebv wbYÆq Ki| 4

djwU Avg A^ev AvGcj nIqvi mÁ¿vebv
M. djwU Kgjv wK¯¦y AvGcj bv nIqvi mÁ¿vebv wbYÆq Ki| 4 2 24 2 + 24 26
144 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb P(M  A) = +
41 41
=
41
=
41
(Ans.)

K gGb Kwi, ‰KwU Š`e cixÞvi mmxg bgybvGÞò S ‰es DÚ 

 M djwU Kgjv wK¯§ AvGcj bv nIqvi mÁ¿vebv
bgybvGÞGòi mvG^ mswkÏÓ¡ A ‰KwU NUbv| = P(M)  P(M  A)
= P(M)  0
awi, S bgybvGÞGòi ˆgvU bgybv we±`yi msLÅv = n(S)
[M I A eRÆbkxj nIqvq P(M  A) = 0]
A NUbvi AbyK„j bgybvwe±`yi msLÅv = n(A)
15
 mÁ¿vebvi, MvwYwZK msæv AbymvGi cvB, = P(M) = (Ans.)
41