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Review PRC

Nguyên lí máy tính

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12 views4 pages

Review PRC

Nguyên lí máy tính

Uploaded by

thuihue88
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Review PRC

LECT 01: Introduce technology


I. Definitions
1. Computer: is an electronic device, operating the under control of instructions stored
in its own memory.
+ Accepts data( input)  Processing  Produces information( Output)
+ Classification: laptop,tablet, desktop and all in one, server
+ Types of computers and mobile devices: (laptop, desktop, tablet); ( servers and
terminals);(smartphone, digital cameras, e-book readers, portable and media players
and wearable devices);( game devices);(Embedded computers).
 A mobile computer is a portable personal computer, designed so that users can be
easy to carry it from place to place.
 A personal computer ( PC) is mobile computer or desktop that perform all of its
input, processing, produce information( output) and storage activities by itself and is
intended to be used by one person at a time.
 A laptop, called a notebook computer , is a thin, lightweight mobile computer with
a screen in its lid and a keyboard in its base.
 A tablet is thin, lighter- weight mobile computer that has touch screen.
 A handheld is computer, small enough to fit one hand
 A desktop or desktop computer is personal computer, designed to be in a stationary
location where all of its components fits on or under the desk or table.
b. Server: is a computer dedicated to provide services to one or more other
computer, devices on a network.
+ Rack server ( lưu trữ, triển khai dịch vụ lớn như qldt,…)
+Blade server
+ Tower server ( nhỏ gọn phục vụ cho cá nhân hoặc doanh nghiệp nhỏ)
 Virtualization ( Sự ảo hoá) is the practice of sharing or pooling computing
resources such as server or storage devices. ( xây dựng hệ thống giả lập ví dụ
dùng laptop window nhưng mình cũng có thể chạy 1 loại khác như MacOS
tuy nhiên chỉ tiêu thụ một phần cứng vật lí của lap mình đang sử dụng.)
 A server farm is a network of several servers together in a location ( data
center: tập hợp máy chủ để lưu trữ dữ liệu) - ( nhiều máy chủ kết nối với
nhau cùng 1 địa điểm)
 A mainframe is large, expensive, powerful server that can handle hundreds or
thousands of connected user simutaneously.
c. Terminal is a computer, usually limited processing power that enables users to
send data to and/or receive information from a server or a host computer.( Cây
ATM, thanh toán ở siêu thị,…)
d. A supercomputer is the fastest, the most powerful and expensive.( sử dụng cho
mục đích nghiên cứu khoa học)
Capable of processing trilions of instructions in a single second
e. Cloud computing : refer to the environment that provides services and resources
accessed to via the internet.
2. Mobile Devices
Short message service (SMS) Multimedia Message Service ( MMS)
Mobile to mobile Mobile to mobile
Mobile to email Mobile to email
Mobile to provider
Web to mobile
a. Digital camera is mobile device that users can take photos and store the
photograhped image digitally.
+ Smart digital camera
+ Point and shoot camera
+ SLR camera
 Resolution is number of horizontal and vertical pixels in a display.

LECT 02 : Computer Components

I. Function : 4 functions
- Data processing: xử lí dữ liệu
- Data storage ( short-term : RAM) or ( long-term: Ussd, hdd)
- Data movement
 Input/ output
 Data communication
- Control
 Basic elements computer : Processor( CPU) -I/O modules- Main Memory- System
Bus
 CPU ( brain of computer) : controls the operation of comp or performs its datas
processing function.
 Main memory : stores data
 I/O modules: move datas between the computer and its external environment.
 System interconnection/ BUS: some mechanism that connect among CPU, Main
memory, I/O.
II. Definitions
1. CPU( central processing unit) = processor= processor chips:
- “ Brain” of computer
- Receive data input and performs the binary instructions given to it.
- Communicate with I/O devices such keyboard or mouse
- Contain registers( vùng nhớ) that house information and performs instructions
( operations) on values in these registers
- Transitor ( Vòng bán dẫn) : are tiny switches that trigged by electrical signs. Like
a switch, but instead of connecting or disconnecting, transitors conduct or
insulate. Transitor make arithmatic calculations on the chip possibility.
 Chips contain bilions of transitors; chips are packaged in plastic with little medal
legs ( CPU chips, memory chips,flash chips) and silicon( chips, solar panels) is
different from silicone( soft rubbery material).
- CPU: intel, AMD, Apple,NVIDIA
 Hardware is circuits ( bảng mạch)

Computer Structure

I/O
System Main
bus memory

CPU ( central processing unit) CPU


CPU

Register ALU
Internal
Bus

Control
unit

Control unit
Sequencing
logic

Control unit register


and decoder
ALU ( arithmatic and logic unit)

Control
memory
 Processor generates heat that cause the chip to malfunction or fail. To protect the
chip, require additional cooling : heat sinks, liquid cooling technology, cooling pad.
 Multicore processor is a single chip with tow or more separate processor cores.
- Cache Memory is multiple layers of memory between the processor and main
memory.
2. Memory consists of electronic components that stores instruction to be executed by
the processor, data needed by those instructions and the results of processing the
data

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