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3 views

Media

Uploaded by

iirwed79
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 37

Getting it Connected

Connecting to the Network


Getting it Connected
Connecting to the Network (cont.)
Getting it Connected
Network Interface Cards
Connecting to the Wireless LAN with a Range Extender
Purpose of the Physical Layer
The Physical Layer
Purpose of the Physical Layer
Physical Layer Media
Fundamental Principles of Layer 1
Physical Layer Fundamental Principles
Physical
Media Frame Encoding Technique Signalling Method
Components
• UTP • Manchester Encoding • Changes in the
• Coaxial • Non-Return to Zero (NRZ) electromagnetic field
• Connectors techniques • Intensity of the
• NICs • 4B/5B codes are used with electromagnetic field
Copper Cable
• Ports Multi-Level Transition Level 3 • Phase of the
• Interfaces (MLT-3) signaling electromagnetic wave
• 8B/10B
• PAM5
• Single-mode Fiber • Pulses of light • A pulse equals 1.
• Multimode Fiber • Wavelength multiplexing using • No pulse is 0.
• Connectors different colors
Fiber Optic
• NICs
Cable
• Interfaces
• Lasers and LEDs
• Photoreceptors
• Access Points • DSSS (direct-sequence spread- • Radio waves
Wireless • NICs spectrum)
Media • Radio • OFDM (orthogonal frequency
• Antennae division multiplexing)
Fundamental Principles of Layer 1
Bandwidth
Fundamental Principles of Layer 1
Types of Physical Media
SHDSL Management Gigabit Ethernet
Interface Ports Interfaces

USB Type A
Connector

FastEthernet USB Mini-B


Switch Ports Connector
Copper Cabling
Copper Media

Unshielded Twisted Shielded Twisted


Pair (UTP) Cable Pair (STP) Cable

Coaxial Cable
Copper Cabling
UTP Cable
Copper Cabling
STP Cable
Braided or Foil Shield

Foil Shields
Copper Cabling
Coaxial Cable
UTP Cabling
Properties of UTP Cabling
UTP cable does not use shielding to counter the effects of EMI and RFI.
Instead, cable designers have discovered that they can limit the negative
effect of crosstalk by:
 Cancellation
 Varying the number of twists per wire pair
UTP Cabling
UTP Cabling Standards
UTP Cabling
UTP Connectors
UTP Cabling
Types of UTP Cable
Fiber Optic Cabling
Properties of Fiber Optic Cabling
Fiber-optic cabling is now being used in four types of industry:
• Enterprise Networks
• Fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) and Access Networks
• Long-Haul Networks
• Submarine Networks
Fiber Optic Cabling
Fiber Media Cable Design
Fiber Optic Cabling
Types of Fiber Media
Fiber Optic Cabling
Network Fiber Connectors
Fiber Optic Cabling
Fiber versus Copper
Implementation Issues Copper Media Fibre Optic

Bandwidth Supported 10 Mbps – 10 Gbps 10 Mbps – 100 Gbps

Relatively short Relatively High


Distance (1 – 100 meters) (1 – 100,000 meters)

High
Immunity To EMI And RFI Low
(Completely immune)

High
Immunity To Electrical Hazards Low
(Completely immune)

Media And Connector Costs Lowest Highest

Installation Skills Required Lowest Highest

Safety Precautions Lowest Highest


Wireless Media
802.11 Wi-Fi Standards

Backwards
Standard Maximum Speed Frequency
Compatible

802.11a 54 Mbps 5 GHz No

802.11b 11 Mbps 2.4 GHz No

802.11g 54 Mbps 2.4 GHz 802.11b

802.11n 600 Mbps 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz 802.11b/g

1.3 Gbps
802.11ac (1300 Mbps)
2.4 GHz and 5.5 GHz 802.11b/g/n

7 Gbps 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz and 60


802.11ad (7000 Mbps) GHz
802.11b/g/n/ac
Purpose of the Data Link Layer
Data Link Sublayers

Network

LLC Sublayer

Data Link

MAC Sublayer

Bluetooth
Ethernet

802.11

802.15
Wi-Fi
802.3
Physical
Purpose of the Data Link Layer
Providing Access to Media
Data Link Layer
Formatting Data for Transmission
Layer 2 Frame Structure
Creating a Frame
Topologies
Controlling Access to the Media
Topologies
Physical and Logical Topologies
Topologies
Physical and Logical Topologies (cont.)
WAN Topologies
Logical Point-to-Point Topology
LAN Topologies
Physical LAN Topologies
LAN Topologies
Ring Topology
Data Link Frame
The Header
Data Link Frame
Layer 2 Address
Data Link Frame
The Trailer
Data Link Frame
LAN and WAN Frames
Data Link Frame
Ethernet Frame

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