Name:

Class:
Academic Year:

IGCSE Physics

Year 10 worksheet booklet

• past papers
• exercises
• practical investigations

Section 1: General Physics

• Forces and motion

Measurements and motion (part B)

by Mrs Vazquez and Mrs Tzanev

Physics rocks.)
 Terminal
Highdownwards
1) Acceleration at force

veryhigh rateweight is
activeforce
only
builds smaller downward
2)
Airresistance force
Acceleration decreases
up
3)
Balanced forcesFirst _AIL
Constant
terminal velocity
Speed
'"'""imume. 11Ir Equalforce

Words - increase, small,

constant, balance, accelerates

Terminal

less force down

4) More Air Resistance
wards
Decelerationstarts
than weight
Speeddecrease

5) Balanced forces
second terminalvelocity
constant speed
Equalforces

Words - slowing down, decrease,

increases, terminal velocity,
Examples of Newton's Third Law

1. Bullet fired from a gun

2. Jumping off a skateboard at reSt

3. Meteor falling towards the Earth

4. Man standing on the Earth

5. Man pushing wall

6. Plane

7. Rocket

8. Jet Engine

fuel:
kerosene
combustion
3 chamber

,u

. _
ii I
À
10 turbine
compressor
 Section Three — Forces and Energy

Velocity and Acceleration

Q1 of the followng are'ecIorqùaihties?-Cir e'Th e àhÉie
-

veiodee3

Oo
speed

O
displ aocelerati
acement on
distance

Q2 A pulse .of laser l ight takéS1 3.seçonds.itd. travel.from:

• 12f.:9?!Ple.4.,/.:•-:• • • • ài••• iviia.VIS.the
• Moon from..

390000km

Q3 Ealin is about 12 km west of Marble Arch It takes a

tube tram 20 minutes to get to Marble Argh.f:i'om.Zaijng..
-
Only one of the following statements is true. Circle the appropriate letter.
A The average speed of the train is 60 m/s.
• The average velocity of the train is 10 m/s.
• The average velocity of the train is 60 m/s due east.
D The average speed of the train is 10 m/s.
The average velocity of the train is 10 m/s due west.

is drop tiPrrIr fÇeP .à

It hits the ground à ër:•.8 seconds,
a) Calculate the egg's acceleration.

10mly
b) How long did it take for the egg to reach a velocity of 40 m/s?

4seconds

Q5 A car accelerates at 2 mIs2 Mer 4 seconds it rea ches a speed, of..24..m./.s....

How fast was it going before it started to accelerate?

16m15

Section Three — Forces and Energy

 D-T and V-T Graphs
Steve walked to football trainingpn at he1d
.Hèttime ,wa e ac ome,sw ere.:. e:sperrt: - ..t: '.secon. looking
.
them To make it to training on time he had to run back at twice his walking speed

Below is an incomplete distance-time graph for Steve's journey.

Distance (m)
a) How long did it take Steve to walk to training?
500

180 sees 3mins

400
11111BBEZIMMIZZIMIIIIM b) Calculate Steve's speed (in m/s) as he
1111•111111111111111•1111111111MBEI walked to training.
300
311111111/11111111111111ZZBIMINII
450 180 7 5
200
BZITIMIZZZEMEMZZBEZZ
2.5m V
100 Z/MBBZUMBILIZIMIZZMIIIII
.111■1.1113321111111•1131111MM c) Complete the graph to show Steve's run back
rIEBIUMBBIZIIIS from his house to training (with his boots).
60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540
Time (s)

• • •

Disfanoe-Time Graph Velocity-Time Graph

Draw lines to show how the
40 16 distance-time and velocity-time
14 graphs match up.
GO
eJ
o
co 20
Line 2
- - - 1
10 4
2
i Line 3
A
o
2 4 2 4
Time (s) Time (s)

ThevIlocity-time graph on the right shows the

journeysof three different cyclists, A, B and C

a) Which cyclist is decelerating? Bu

b) Which cyclist reaches a constant velocity?

c) Which cyclist has the largest acceleration?

d) Which cyclist has the lowest final velocity? B

e) Which cyclist has a constant acceleration? AV
Section Three — Forces and Energy
 -

DT and 11-T Graphs

Q4

A
8 a) Use the graph to calculate
7— the lander's acceleration.

815 16m15 N
Se 6 —

o
b) Calculate the distance travelled by the lander during
the five seconds of descent shown on the graph.
1—
i I I
20 meters
1 2 3 4 5
-- , Time (s)

e speed, Distance (m)

(about 3tmAmÔtostAlas
stopped 'by Plice for: speeding as she.
.sëryiëé
72
60
mpelpm i
erf

48
The distance-time graph on the right shows
36 h alle
algualle
ma M
gi_
the car's motion. The motorist denied
24 milimmIdr
iump ummumn
mmunimmurAg memo
speeding. Was she telling the truth?
12 Mille
ma • illernffliall:
No she hada speed of 36m15 o
a
05 1.0 1.5 2.0 25 30
Theywerespeeding lime (s)

•
A motorist saw a kitten on the road 25 m in front o
•••
• lttook.him.O.75 seconds to react-
and slam o.nthe brakes. w . e car!s deceleration
•

M IIIIIIII111111111111 NMI IMIIIIMMIZIIIM

anIMUIIIIMMIBIIIIIIIWIBIIIIIZ»
ffl111ZMILI1bROZI_ RIUMMIIIMIIIIIIIIII
MIZMIIMIIINIM MMIIIIIIIMMMII
HIEZMIBMIBM3111M1111111M1 II
MIIIMIZIIIIIIMRMOBBMIIIMM III
.e• 8 munnumnimumbegmmunumm
Impmujiminkmuminum
o 6
3
La
milliffi
llillarzaligi n ,
mumummulum%611 16. -I' It helps to split the graph up
2 um.mmumffiima..
mumminuummumnimmiim nu Into two smaller
shapes.
050ns10 1.5 2.0 25 30 3is 35
Time (s)
The kitten doesn't move from its spot.
Use the graph to work out whether the motorist stopped before hitting the kitten.

9 15 24 Yes he stopped before hittingthe kitten

Top Tips: Don't let distance-time or velocity-time graphs get the better of you
— break them down into separate chunks and they'll be a whole lot easier to work out.

Section Three — Forces and Energy

 Weight, Mass and Gravity
...
leek,
0, _ iitafiàï

The mass of an object is just the amount of 'stuff' it's made up of. It doesn't

change, regardless of where in the universe it is, and it's measured in kilograms

Weight is a force and is measured in newtons — it's the

gravitational force that one object (e.g. a planet) exerts on another (e.g. an apple).

- •••. •.• • • • • • . • . ...• • • . • • •

Q2 «JOni :has beefeQ.dirig -1-jr:'4(.'_)g fit:iffy biphig biOCh :'; - ... . .

-_-. N/kg 'F_
Ii.à:c..i): The vet decides he né05.,ifo. go on ..adiet --- , , e • ,.. ""---
!.

a) Joni puts Fluffy on some scales and finds he has a mass of 58 kg. Calculate his weight.

58110 580N I
b) After three weeks of Fluffy eating only 'Skinny Dog' biscuits,
Joni weighs Fluffy by putting him in a sling and hanging
him from a newton meter. He now has a weight of 460 N.
How much mass has he lost?

460 10 46 58 46 17 12kg ofmasslost

Q3 n atrônut ges

a) Explain why her mass stays the same but her weight changes.

The amount of matter doesn't change but the gravitational force

of Mars is different toEarth's causing her weight tochange

b) She takes a rock that weighs 50 N on Earth. Using a set of scales
designed for use on Earth, she finds that the mass of the rock appears
to be 1.9 kg on Mars. Calculate the gravitational field strength on Mars.

19N Sbg 3.8Nkg

Top Tips: Gravity may be keeping you down to the earth, but compared to the other
fundamental forces, it is actually surprisingly weak. Think about it— you have whole Earth pulling
you downwards but you can jump and hop and skip away from it without too much effort. Then think
about how much effort it can take to pull opposite ends of a small magnet apart. The fact is, anything
that has mass has gravity, but objects have to be pretty humongous before anyone notices.

Section Three — Forces and Energy

 Resultant Forces
Q1 efo.rées acting on r-a.1balloon floating-at--a consi 4 :ej•Shi9Wri

The sentences below describe the balloon's motion.

Circle the correct word(s) in each sentence.

a) There is a greater driving force in the east / west direction. west.c3 east

b) The balloon will rise / fall / stay at the same height.

Q2 teapot 5its n 4 É4bI4.

a) Explain why it doesn't sink into the table.

Thegravity andreactionforie actinguponit areequal

b) Jane picks up the teapot and hangs it from the ceiling by a rope.
What vertical forces now act on the teapot?

weight tension

c) The rope breaks and the teapot accelerates towards the floor

Are the vertical forces balanced? NON

Q3 A jegr.:.N.yighipg :700 N n
é !.-.:ifwitt-uï,çlriy.i,ii
à,.:(prp? of 1500

a) Label the forces shown on the diagram.

Include the size of each force.
700
1500 1500

b) The bear brakes and slows down.

In which direction is the resultant force?
700
Backwards

Q4 The force diagram on the right shows a train pulling out of a station: 1 SOO 000 N

Calculate the resultant force acting on

the train in the following directions:

a) Vertical: ONN
b) Horizontal: 4 500000N forwards
I 600 000 N

Section Three — Forces and Energy

 Forces and Acceleration

e.ra a Iona celerate

cOflStatl on.--zer alance

If the forces on an object are balanced , it's either stationary

or moving at constant speed. If an object has a
nonzero
resultant force acting on it, it accelerates in the direction of the

resultant forcesWhen two objects interact

the forces they exert on each other are equal and opposite

Q2 r.)2.01ingl•g3,rp. from school on abus gm n-gep..

,.s;5 ,.„,. • , ... ... ro

The driving force of the engine is bigger than friction and air resistance combined.

There are no forces acting on the bus.

The driving force of the engine is equal to friction and air resistance combined.

A resultant force is required to keep the bus moving.

•:
Q3 e diagram below shows
. À the forces actiFig on an aeroplane

lift
thrust

o
air resistance
weight

a) The aircraft is flying horizontally at a constant speed of 200 m/s. Which of the following
statements about the aeroplane is true? Circle the appropriate letter.
A The thrust is bigger than the air resistance and the lift is bigger than the weight.
The thrust is smaller than the air resistance and the lift is equal to the weight.
The thrust is equal to the air resistance and the lift is equal to the weight
D The thrust is equal to the air resistance and the lift is bigger than the weight.

b) What happens to the forces as the plane descends for landing and slows down to 100 m/s?
Circle the correct options to complete the following statements:
N \ I /

8
i) The thrust is greater than fleas than / equal to the air resistance. Remember — -the plane'
_ is losing height as well —
ii) The lift is greater than / less than / equal to the weight. as slowing clown,
\

Section Three — Forces and Energy

 Forces and Acceleration
Q4 -0t411 ........ ..inc-reasinw rMn

Maximum
1. Disraeli 9000
Car Mass (le
HeathTT
acceleration (mis)
2.
Disraeli 9000 800 5

Palmerston 61 1560 0.7 3.

Asquith380
Palmerston bi
Heath TT 950 3
4.
Asquith 380 790 2

Q5
-,- ":11»ff fiarr have., .tte Iiisto- oferstWi
.... ....._.. „....,„..„„,,... - .:eSarne.enene4.
...„„..„,.: .„......„,.....,....,,..„,...,.:.rBrian
.,:,.„,,...
arielshie:SCOoter.. have .-.a... combined m ass of...:11.0...i4g4ridap acceleration of
.2.e-m/S2, -,...bii.:.'4ier.----.s-Cd6ter,lOn- yf:rrian.ages-â..b ..aCCele.atiOn.-p.
.. 1 71: .
a) What force can the engine exert?

308N
b) Calculate the combined mass of Jo and her scooter.

308 1.71 18012kg

Q6 Tom,drags.a 1 kg inaÉS along a table:Wit à.'ne °name er so that Itjaccelerate. sat

If th e: newton-meter reads 0.4.- • 'what's t e.fgrçe'.of fricPonteween.the::massian

1 0 25 0.25N
0.4 0 25 015N

Q7 A cärtbwia caravan along a'roa Oris. ee ecaran

opposing reaction force of the caravan are equa e§ei es
16r.Ces::•-.• between the caravan and the caiwhh the caracelertes? ro pate

"The caravan's reaction force cancels out the pulling force of the car,
so the caravan won't accelerate."

"The caravan's reaction force is at a right angle to the force pulling the car,
so the two forces don't affect one another."

"The car's pulling force accelerates the caravan.

The caravan's reaction acts on the car, not the caravan."

MIMWk e-rs.
Imir07.111•01. urotP w.0 0 ele
l W648-1-nro="cie

Section Three — Forces and Energy

 Forces and Acceleration
Q8 Which of the followinglstaten ehtscorrectly èxplâins hathàppens-wben
Tick the appropriate box

Your feet push backwards on the ground, so the ground pushes you forwards.

The force in your muscles overcomes the friction between your feet and the ground.

The ground's reaction can't push you backwards because of friction.

Your feet push forwards, and the ground's reaction is upwards.

Q9 'A camper van with a mass of 2500, kg has a maximum driving force of 2650 N
It is-driven along a straight, level road at, a constant speed of 90 kilometres per
—At-this speed, air resistarrce I I0 e friçtiop between
the wheel bearings ss

a) i) What force is the engine exerting? 2500N

ii) Complete the diagram to show all the forces acting on the camper van.
Give the size of each force.
reacting
25000N
resistance
driving force

N IT
weight
b)
25000N
A strong headwind begins blowing, with a force of 200 N. The van slows down.
Calculate its deceleration.

c) The driver notices that the van is slowing and puts his foot right down on the accelerator,
applying the maximum driving force. How does the acceleration of the camper van change?
(Assume that air resistance and friction remain at their previous values.)

The camper van starts to accelerate until it reaches terminal

velocity

Top Tips: A resultant force means your object will accelerate — it will change its speed
or direction (or both). But if your object has a constant speed (which could be zero) and a constant
direction, you can say with utter confidence that there ain't any resultant force. Be careful though
— a zero resultant force doesn't mean there are no forces, just that they all balance each other out.

Section Three — Forces and Energy

 - 42
Frictional Forces and Terminal Velocity
Q1 _Cftv&s car has a top speed attaches —He ox492,
his car How I this affect
. its to, p

Thiswill reduce histop speed as there will be more air resistance due
to the car hitting more air particles overall

Q2

Time

For each of the four regions A-D say whether the force of weight or
air resistance is greater, or if they are equal.

Region A. Weight Region B: Equal

Region C: Air Resistance Region D:
Equal

A scientis:t IS investigating gravity:by .droppingalariiipei:.,an

Comment on the following predictions and explanations of e
a) "They will land at the same time—gravity is the same for both."

Gravity is the same for both but air resistance is notThe air
resistance is less on the hammer than on thefeather meaningthe

hammer willland first

b) "The feather will reach its terminal velocity before the hammer."

Yes as the feather's mass is lessthan that of the hammer so gravity

willactmore on thehammer giving it higher terminalvelocity The
air resistance

isgreaterthanthat of the hammer

Section Three — Forces and Energy
I1LAN_