Academic Journal of Science and Technology

ISSN: 2771-3032 | Vol. 7, No. 2, 2023

Development and Application of 3D Modeling in Game

Yuxi Lan1, a
1Xi’an Tieyi Lugang High School, Shaanxi Province 710004, China
[email protected]

Abstract: The development and progress of computer graphics and 3D modeling technology play an important role in the
development of 3D game animation. Three-dimensional modeling technology combines artistic design and computer technology
perfectly with a real sense of depth, so it has been widely used in the game industry. This paper introduces the development
process of 3D modeling technology and the application of 3D modeling technology in games. At the same time, it gives
suggestions on the problems existing in the application of 3D modeling technology in games, as well as researches and looks
forward to the development trend of 3D modeling technology.
Keywords: 3D modeling, Games, Applications.

applicability of video games in architecture compared to more

1. Introduction traditional media [4]. The gaming industry has played an
3D modeling technology is a 3D digital image processing important role in this area and has led to the development of
technology that generates 3D models by simulating real edutainment applications. Yangyang Yan et al. fused 3D laser
objects through a computer program. Users can rotate, scale, point cloud data and UAV orthophoto data to obtain spatial 3D
move and other operations on the model to meet the information of the ground and the top of the building
expectations of the output into a variety of formats. In recent respectively, and used 3ds Max software for 3D reconstruction
years, with the rapid development of digital cities, the demand of the building to realize small-scale scene construction [5].
for 3D modeling has further increased, and many research Vukolov et. al. studyed 3d application for modeling of involute
institutions have launched research and development of 3D gear manufacturing as the assistance solution for tmm training
modeling technology. Domestic 3D modeling research mainly [6]. The description of special educational experiment carried
focuses on modeling technology, engineering applications and in Bauman Moscow State Technical University is given. Xue
system research based on 3D modeling. In addition to the Jia et al. used a 3D laser scanner to acquire the point cloud of
above three aspects, foreign 3D modeling research also the building, and processed the point cloud data with HD-3LS-
involves deep learning, automated modeling and other SCENE software to obtain high-quality point cloud data [7].
technologies, as well as the application of 3D modeling in the Then these point cloud data were imported into 3dsMax
fields of medicine, biology and geographic information software for block modeling, and finally unified assembly was
systems. carried out to obtain a complete, high-precision 3D model of
the building with high realism. Prokhorov et al. revealed the
After entering the 21st century, the rapid development of process of creating a career guidance 3D exploration game for
computer technology has given birth to a variety of games. The applicants applying to IT departments [8]. The development
interactive entertainment industry, with computer games as its tasks accomplished included (1) integrating historic building
pioneer, has gradually risen to become the latest sunrise models and 3D GIS attribute data, (2) obtaining all necessary
industry, and has developed into a new growth point of the visualization information, (3) updating the historic building
global industry [1].Meanwhile, with the continuous and historic district models and data at any time, and (4)
development of the computer game industry and the increasing providing virtual reality simulation functionality and an
demand of players for games, game designers are constantly interactive experience of the environment. The contribution of
exploring new technologies and gameplay to make games Nguyen et al. focuses on proposing a complete methodology
more vivid, realistic and rich. 3D modeling technology is that is an integrated approach consisting of previously
undoubtedly an important part of it, which can provide more proposed methods for reconstructing 3D objects from 3D point
three-dimensional and realistic scenes and characters for cloud datasets [9].
games and improve the playability and user experience of
games. This paper will explore the development and practice 3. The Development of 3D Modeling
of 3D modeling techniques in game production and will Technology
propose modifications to the problems that still exist.
3.1. Inception - Wire Frame Model and
2. Literature Review Surface Model
Eckschlager et al. described the development of a new agent In the late 1960s, research on constructing 3D solid with
emotion elicitation model called Nemesys [2]. Joselli et al. wire-frames and polygons began, and such models are called
described a novel touch/accelerometer gesture recognition wire-frame models. A 3D object is described by the set of all
framework that used Hidden Markov Models to recognize its vertices and edges, hence the name wireframe. The
gestures [3]. Video game technology is rapidly maturing and structural model is like the skeleton of the human body. Wire-
approaching the real-time fidelity of 3D rendering applications frame models are widely used in factory parts production.
used in architecture and can respond to user input in real-time. Although it has been applied to games later, the realism of
Valls et al. described an educational experience using video objects in the wireframe model are ambiguous. It is difficult to
game technology in architecture education, exploring the

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represent cylindrical, sphere and other curved surfaces due to and grasp the balance between reality and exaggeration, so as
the lack of curve contours. It lacks the relationship between to form a sense of reality, give the players the feeling of
edges and faces and the relationship between faces and faces, visiting the real scene, and bring visual appeal [11]. In addition,
and cannot form entities, so the screen is rough and difficult particle systems are needed to simulate natural phenomena
for players to understand. such as clouds, fog, rain, etc. to fully reflect the randomness
and dynamics of these objects.
To improve these shortcomings, surface models are
produced. Compared with the wire-frame model, the surface 4.2. Post Rendering
model has an additional face table, which records the
Post-rendering makes the modeling subject more three-
topological relationship between edges and faces. A surface
dimensional and realistic. Therefore, after the modeling is
model is like a muscle attached to a bone. The three-
completed, we usually need to adjust the relationship between
dimensional game screen made by this model has been greatly
light and dark and the perspective structure of the modeled
improved, but the object still has no profile, center of gravity,
object through four cameras at four angles. In addition, a large
moment of inertia and other data [10].
number of auxiliary light sources should be used for all-round
3.2. First Improvement - Solid model light adjustment. Objects made of different materials reflect
and refract light differently, so we also need to input the
To further improve, NASA first created solid model parameters of the object's material to calculate the state of the
technology in the 1980s. Solid models are more complete. If a cast shadow. Renderers for particle systems also require
hole is dug in the solid model, a new surface is automatically special attention.
generated, while the interior and exterior are automatically
identified. As a result, solidly modeled parts will have no 4.3. Character Modeling and Motion
missing edges and faces, and no edges will be passed into the
The characters in the game are different, and the original
part solids, thus avoiding errors and unachievable designs.
drawing is particularly important in the process of designing
Solid model = skeleton + muscle + viscera, a complete human
the game. Designers need to have a deep understanding of
body.
human features, body proportions and movement behaviors to
3.3. Second Improvement - Feature design character models.
Parameterization Techniques 4.3.1. Character Modeling
Parametric technology appeared in the 1990s. Its main 4.3.2. In the role model, it is necessary to master the
idea is to use geometric constraints, engineering equations and proportion structure of the role and the skeleton
relationships to describe the shape characteristics of product and muscle structure of the role to make the role
models, so as to design a series of design schemes that are model more perfect.
similar in shape or function. At present, the types of geometric Distributing the density of the lines reasonably, increasing
constraints that can be handled are basically the nominal the wiring of most parts of the motion amplitude appropriately,
dimension relations of the geometric entities composing the as shown in Figure. 1. Increasing the wiring at appropriate
product shape and the engineering relations between positions can not only show the details, but also provide
dimensions, so the parameterization technology is also called support for the animation extension. On the contrary, the
size-driven geometry technology. Parametric systems require wiring of parts with small motion amplitude can be reduced by
full-size constraints to ensure the correctness and efficiency of a moderate amount, as shown in Figure. 2.
the generated designs, but they leave little room for designers
to play.
3.4. Third Improvement - Variational
Technique
To break through these limitations, SDRC has come up with
a more advanced variational technique. Based on the
characteristic parameter technology, the variational
technology first determines the necessary design conditions,
and then the free design can be carried out, and retain every Figure 1. The joints, the muscles that are active.
intermediate result for repeated design and optimization
design. So designers can think about shape before size; meet
the design requirements first, and then consider the geometric
design [10].

4. Application of 3D Modeling
Technology in Games
4.1. Scene Modeling
The scene is an important part of the game, which
determines the design style and type of the game. The game
scene refers to the collection of all objects except the character
modeling. The role of the game scene is to explain the
worldview of the game, reflect the game's art style, cooperate
with the development of the plot, enhance the overall
atmosphere and meet the needs of human-computer
interaction. The design of the game scene needs to determine
the appropriate scale and composition of the original painting Figure 2. The cranium, front of thigh

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 Move the position of the model's vertices with the Move tool 5.2. Suggestions
so that the model outline matches the original drawing of the
Relevant technicians need to further update the software for
background flat figure.
making 3D models by integrating the various steps of
Check whether there are redundant free points in the modeling into a single system, so that designers can quickly
finished model, delete or weld to save the number of model get the model by inputting parameters and other information.
faces. Even if there may be a lack of details and personal style, the
designer only needs to make changes on the basis of the model.
4.3.3. Character actions This greatly reduces the time and money spent on making 3D
Three-dimensional human motion capture technology can models.
obtain three-dimensional motion data through three-
dimensional digitization of each character's facial expression Designers should try to compress the storage space needed
or body activity information, so as to realistically simulate a for beautiful models by using innovative software
variety of complex expressions and movements, thus compression techniques when they are finished making them.
achieving the purpose of reproducing real life. It not only In addition, it is also possible to try to make most devices have
improves and enhances the efficiency of animation production, enough storage space to download games by expanding the
but also makes the production process of this animation more storage space of computers or cell phones, or increasing the
intuitive, and the characters become more flexible [12].It is production and popularity of highly configured devices.
also necessary to use the key parent-child relationship to bind
Game designers can design two game modes for people to
the bones of the 3D character model to obtain the skeletal data
choose: normal mode and anti-glare mode. In anti-glare mode,
format, and then optimize the performance effect of the action
reduce the resolution and brightness of the screen to reduce
through the convolutional neural network.
eye irritation; reduce the frame rate of the game to make the
screen more stable; adjust the field of view to the maximum to
5. Disadvantages of 3D Modeling reduce the magnitude of the scene changes, which gives the
Technology and Suggestions for brain more time to react; turn off vertical synchronization and
Improvement motion blur, and turn off, reduce, or increase shadows to make
the visual experience more comfortable, while keeping the
5.1. Disadvantages game smooth.
5.1.1. Huge manpower and financial needs
Game modeling is a complex technology, and the creation 6. Development Trend of 3D Modeling
of scenes and characters in the game, rendering from 2D to 3D, Technology
etc., requires technicians to spend up to several months. Even
a small motion change for a game character involves many With the development and progress of hardware equipment
keyframe adjustments. Moreover, due to the high professional and software facilities, 3D technology has gradually
requirements of game production for designers, the game penetrated into human production and life, and is helping
modeling takes a long time and cycle, and the game modeling many industries to realize the three-dimensional enhancement
needs to invest a huge amount of money. The huge time and of technology and products. In the digital assets will show a
money consumption has become a realistic factor limiting the surge trend in the digital era, 3D data information as one of the
development of game modeling. most intuitive way to store assets, will also usher in a surge in
data volume. At this stage, 3D technology is in a period of
5.1.2. High hardware requirements rapid development, all aspects of the rules and the use of the
The process of game modeling is very complex, and each environment have not been fully formed, it is necessary to
action of the character involves the production of more than strictly control the safety issues. 3D is no longer limited to
ten key frames. If there are better requirements for picture high-tech application scenarios, the daily environment will
quality and resolution, more key frames need to be made. also be more and more use of 3D. such as 3D printing, AR
Therefore, the storage space required by 3D games is huge, entertainment applications, VR equipment is entering the tens
and only specialized devices designed to store data can store of thousands of households, 3D technology has been in the
the modeling data. And in order to prevent the phenomenon of daily inseparable. 3D technology will bring new value-added
stalling in the modeling process, the electronic equipment approach to a number of industries, and will also bring a new
configuration used in the modeling needs to be high to ensure way for the industry to enhance its products in 3D. A new
the smooth progress of the 3D modeling work. Therefore, the value-added approach for many industries, such as the banking
limitations of equipment and storage conditions are also one system using 3D technology, creating 3D virtual characters, so
of the important factors restricting the application of 3D as to realize the value-added business. In the future, our e-
modeling technology in games. With the mainstream of commerce, entertainment, and socialization will encounter
mobile games, how to use the limited memory and simple more digital and virtual people that serve social life. The meta-
device configuration to show the exquisite picture of 3D universe, as a product under the craze, will not return to silence.
games may become one of the future research directions of 3D the landing of 3D technology can promote the meta-universe
modeling technology. to be closer to the dream, and based on 3d technology, a better
future will be closer to people.
5.1.3. The effect of vertigo in 3D games
Because the 3D game scene makes the game perspective For online games, many technicians combine with the
more difficult to control than ordinary games, especially in the psychological characteristics and practical needs of people in
first person game, the game will simulate the real perspective the new era, not only improve the game's buildings and other
of people at ordinary times, although the experience is strong, infrastructure, but also introduce the audience to pinch their
some players may experience fatigue and dizziness. own faces or adjust the height, skin color and other detail data
of the game characters, as well as the climate change of the
game scene, rain and snow, day and night, etc., which makes
the game more realistic. This promotes the healthy

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