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Chapter 3-3b

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15 views

Chapter 3-3b

Uploaded by

hale
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Fluid Mechanics

Chapter 3 – Fluid Statics


Forces on Plane Surfaces

1
Hydrostatic Forces on a Plane Surface

Ø A plane or panel is a flat surface of arbitrary


shape
Ø A description of the pressure at all points along a
surface is called a pressure distribution

2
Hydrostatic Pressure Distribution
on a Plane Surface

Ø (a) A submerged horizontal surface has a


uniform P distribution over its entire surface
Ø (b) A submerged non­horizontal surface has
non­uniform P distribution (P is linearly
distributed over the surface)

3
Hydrostatic Pressure Distribution
on a Plane Surface

Ø (a) Example of hydrostatic pressure distribution


Ø (b) Resultant force of the pressure distribution
acts at the center of pressure, which is typically
at a depth below the centroid of the panel

4
Hydrostatic forces on an irregular
surface at an angle w/r/t the horizontal
Ø Pressure always acts
perpendicular
(normal) to the
surface
Ø dF = differential force
Ø dA = differential area
Ø h = any given depth
relative to the surface
Ø hc = depth to centroid
relative to the surface

5
Hydrostatic forces on an irregular
surface at an angle w/r/t the horizontal
Ø y = depth of h along
y­axis
Ø yc = depth to centroid
along y­axis = y
Ø FR = resultant
hydrostatic force
Ø yR = depth to resultant
force along y­axis
(ycp) at the center of
pressure

6
Hydrostatic forces on an irregular
surface at an angle w/r/t the horizontal
Ø x = horizontal
distance along x­axis
to dA
Ø xc = horizontal
distance to centroid
along x­axis = x
Ø xR = horizontal
distance resultant
force along the x­axis
(xCP) at the center
of pressure

7
Derivation of Resultant
Force & Line of Action
Ø Onthe board…
Ø Magnitude of the Resultant Force
l FR = gycAsinq or
l FR = ghcA
Ø Line of Action of the Resultant Force
l yR = yc + Ic/(ycA) or
l yR ­ yc = Ic/(ycA)

8
Centroids and Moments of Inertia of Plane Areas

9
In­class problem
Ø A 12­m x 12­m gate is
installed at the end of a
water reservoir, as shown,
and is hinged at the top.
Ø The gate hinge is 6 m below
the reservoir water surface.
Ø The gate is connected to a
rectangular tank of water
which is 12 m wide (into
board) and filled with 6 m of
water.
Ø The weight of the tank in
negligible.
Ø How long (L) would the tank
have to be to open the gate?

10

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