Shivaji University, Kolhapur

Question Bank for March 2022 (Summer) Examination

Subject Code: 69881 Subject Name: Physical Pharmaceutics-I

Common subject Code (if any): _________________________________________________

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS (02 Marks)

1. Give Henry’s law. Enlist factors affecting solubility of gas in liquid

2. State any four criteria for mixture of solute & solvent to be called as ideal solution
3. Give possible deviations from Raoult’s law in endothermic and exothermic
solutions of polar compounds
4. What are the advantages of molality over molarity?
5. Define CST. Give examples of each: a) systems having UCT; b) systems having
LCT
6. Solubility parameter (δ) value of phenanthrene is 9.8 and that of solvents carbon
disulfide and n-hexane are 10 and 7.3 respectively. Identify a good solvent for
phenanthrene.
7. What is solubility? Give terms of approximate solubility described in
pharmaceutical compendia.
8. The more extensive the H-bonding and lower is the molecular mass, the higher is
the solubility. Then arrange following compounds in increasing order of aqueous
solubility: C6H13NH2, C2H5NH2, (C2H5)2NH
9. What are the limitations of distribution law?
10. Sate phase rule. Define CST
11. Write ideal solubility equation. Enlist factors affecting solubility of a solid in an
ideal solution.
12. Sate Raoult’s law and Henry’s law
13. Define latent heat and vapor pressure.
14. What is a eutectic system? Give applications of eutectic mixtures.
15. Define humidity and relative humidity. Give importance of humidity control in
pharmaceutical industry.
16. Define optical activity & specific rotation
17. Draw neat labeled phase diagram of eutectic mixture
18. Enlist different types of liquid crystals.
19. What is polymorphism? Give its types
20. Define terms: Latent heat of fusion & Specific rotation
21. Write any four differences between crystalline and amorphous solids.
22. Define the terms specific and molar refraction
23. What is gas law? Write statements of Boyle’s law and Charles’s law
24. What is glass transition temperature?
25. Define terms: Dipole moment & Dielectric constant
26. What is surfactant? Give HLB value ranges for O/W & W/O emulgents
27. Write equation of Gibb’s adsorption isotherm.
28. Define surface tension and surface excess
29. Define critical micelle concentration.
30. What effects are observed on surface tension of liquids and solubility of
hydrophobic drugs at CMC?
31. Give relation between surface tension and surface free energy
32. Draw different types of adsorption isotherms for adsorption at solid interface.
33. Define spreading coefficient. What should be angle of contact for complete wetting
of solid surface by liquid?
34. What is the effect of positive and negative adsorption on surface tension of liquid?
35. What is type II adsorption isotherm? Write BET equation.
36. Define spreading coefficient. Enlist its applications in Pharmacy.
37. Name any four hydrophilic surfactants.
38. Define surface tension & surface free energy.
39. Enlist methods to determine stoichiometric ratio and stability constant of complex.
40. Define ligand. How is coordination bond formed?
41. What are cyclodextrins? Comment on α, β and γ CDs
42. What are chelates? Give their applications
43. What is protein binding? Enlist various ways by which it affects drug action.
44. Define complexation. Give its applications
45. Enlist types of inclusion complexes with example of each type.
46. What are Chelates? Give two examples
47. Give conditions of ΔHo, ΔSo, & ΔGo for higher value of stability constant of
complex.
48. What do you mean by stoichiometric ratio and stability constant of complex?
49. Write classification of complexes.
50. Enlist fundamental forces that are related to the formation of drug complexes.
51. Write any four consequences of protein-drug complexation on fate of drug after its
administration.
52. Enlist factors affecting pH of buffer and buffer capacity.
53. What is Ka & pKa? Give their significance.
54. What should be the freezing point depression of pharmaceutical solutions for them
to be isotonic with body fluids like blood or tear?
55. Why pH of basic buffers do more sensitive to temperature than that of acidic
buffers?
56. Identify the buffer having maximum buffer capacity: a) 0.1M HF & 0.1M NaF;
b) 0.01M HF & 0.01M NaF; c) 1M HF & 1M NaF
57. Differentiate between isosmotic & isotonic solutions.
58. How do buffers resist change in pH?
59. “Choosing a weak acid having pKa away from desired pH gives maximum buffer
capacity”. True or False?
60. Define Buffer and Buffer Capacity
61. What do you mean by hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic solutions?
62. How many units will decrease in pH of solution if hydrogen ion concentration is
increased hundred times?
63. List out types of formulations that require the isotonicity adjustment.
64. Define pH. Give Sorensen’s pH Scale.
65. Give disadvantages of basic buffer over acid buffers.

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (05 Marks)

1. What is distribution law? Give its limitations & applications.

2. Discuss about drug diffusion through biological membranes.
3. What is distribution law? Discuss effect of association in organic phase and
dissociation in aqueous phase on distribution coefficient?
4. What is cohesive energy density? Discuss it with reference to heat of vaporization,
deviations from Raoult’s law and solubility.
5. Describe effect of different variables on partial miscibility of liquids with help of
Gibbs phase rule.
6. Elaborate on various forces involved in solute solvent interactions.
7. Deduce distribution law thermodynamically. Write limitations of distribution law
8. Explain various factors affecting solubility of drugs.
9. Give Henry’s Law. Explain factors affecting solubility of gases in liquids.
10. What is dipole moment? Describe its measurement and applications.
11. What is polymorphism? Enlist its types & explain the significance of polymorphism
in pharmaceuticals with some examples
12. What is vapor pressure? Give the various methods of its measurement.
13. What is refractive index? Discuss principle, construction and working of Abbe’s
refractometer.
14. What do you mean by plain polarized light, optically active compounds? Describe
construction & working of polarimeter.
15. Give applications of Refractivity and optical activity in pharmaceutical field.
16. What is optical rotation & specific rotation? Describe its measurement.
17. What is liquid crystalline state? Explain various types of liquid crystals.
18. Differentiate between crystalline and amorphous state. Write a note on the
significance of amorphous state in pharmaceuticals.
19. Enlist methods to determine surface and interfacial tension. Discuss maximum
bubble pressure method for surface tension measurement.
20. What do you mean adsorption isotherm? Write a note on Freundlich isotherm.
21. What is surface tension? Discuss working & principle of DuNouy ring tensiometer.
22. What are surfactants? Discuss their chemical and functional classification
23. Discuss structure of micelle. Write a note on micellar solubilization.
24. Write a detailed note on HLB system and its applications.
25. Derive relation between surface tension and surface free energy.
26. At 20 °C the surface tension of water and chloroform are 72.8 and 27.10 dyne/cm
respectively while the interfacial tension between the two is 32.8 dyne/cm. calculate
(a) spreading coefficient of chloroform on water; (b) spreading coefficient of water
on chloroform. Interpret the spreading of these liquids over the surface of each
 other.
27. What is surface excess? Write a note on Gibb’s adsorption isotherm.
28. Explain the method of continuous variation for analysis of complexes.
29. What are the methods of analysis for complexes? How will determine stability
constant for triiodide complex by distribution method.
30. What is an inorganic metal ion complex? Explain in brief.
31. What is an organic molecular complex? Explain in brief with two examples.
32. Elaborate thermodynamic treatment of stability constant of complexes.
33. Describe the mechanism of inclusion complex formation with special emphasis on
drug-cyclodextrin complexes.
34. Enlist various methods to determine amount of drug bound to protein. Describe
dynamic dialysis method.
35. Explain mechanism of formation of hexamine cobalt chloride ligand complex.
36. Enumerate different methods of analysis of complex. Explain pH titration method of
analysis.
37. Explain importance of pH adjustments and isotonicity in pharmaceutical
formulations with examples.
38. Discuss the cryoscopic method for adjustment of tonicity.
39. Isosmotic and Isotonic solutions are not the same: Explain with example
40. Describe hemolytic and colligative method of tonicity measurement.
41. What are buffers? Write a note on biological buffers.
42. Enlist methods of adjusting isotonicity. Describe any one method in detail.
43. Calculate the amount of NaCl required to make 40 ml of 2% isotonic atropine
sulfate solution. Also calculate the amount of boric acid needed to replace the NaCl.
(Given: E value of atropine sulfate is 0.13 & that of boric acid is 0.5).
44. Explain influence of tonicity adjustment, buffer capacity and pH on tissue irritation.
45. Discuss the sodium chloride equivalent method for adjustment of tonicity.

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (10 Marks)

1. Discuss in detail solute-solvent interactions. Write a note on Hildebrand and Hansen

solubility parameters.
2. What are the solubility equations for ideal & non-ideal solutions of solid in liquid?
Explain the process of solution and factors affecting solubility of solids.
3. Give Raoult’s Law. Elaborate on deviations from it with emphasis on effect on
solubility.
4. What do you mean by glass transition temperature? Explain process of formation of
glassy state and add a note on pharmaceutical significance of polymorphism.
5. Elaborate in detail on liquid crystals and their types. Write about their
pharmaceutical applications.
6. What are crystalline solids? Elaborate on polymorphism, its types and
pharmaceutical significance.
7. Derive spreading coefficient equation in terms of surface tension, interfacial tension
and angle of contact. Discuss the factors affecting spreading.
8. Derive equation of Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Write a note on BET equation
along with various types of adsorption isotherms and their occurrences.
9. What is CMC? Describe in detail various factors affecting CMC. Add a note on
micellar solubilization.
10. Discuss in detail about equilibrium dialysis method to determine drug bound to
protein and binding data analysis by Scatchard plot.
11. What do you mean by stoichiometric ratio and stability constant of complex?
Describe in detail solubility method with mathematical treatment of data for PABA-
Caffeine complex.
12. Explain principles of diffusion across biological membrane with Fick’s law of
diffusion and pH-Partition hypothesis.
13. Discuss in detail various methods used for adjusting the tonicity of solutions
14. What are buffers and buffer capacity? Explain role of buffers in pharmaceutical and
biological systems.
15. Derive buffer equation. How it can be used to calculate buffer capacity? Explain
factors affecting buffer capacity.