Data Analysis & Interpretation
Data Analysis & Interpretation
Learning Competency:
At the end of this session, you should be able to absorb and understand the following:
1. Present and interpret data in tabular or graphical forms. (CS-RS12_IIa-d-g-2)
2. Uses statistical techniques to analyze data – study of difference and relationships limited to
bivariate analysis. (CS-RS12_IIa-d-g-3)
Objective/s:
1. Draw interpretations of data from presented tables and/or graphs;
2. Determine level of data interpretation;
3. Uses appropriate statistics to interpret data for comparative and correlational approaches; and
4. Uses in practical situation the lesson learned from this learning module.
LET’S RECALL
Good day guys! We are now ready to interpret our data. I
hope you are ready with the processes we need for this part of
your research module. Kudos!
PRE-ASSESSMENT
Multiple Choice
Directions: Choose the letter that corresponds to the best/correct answer to each of the test item.
Write the answer in CAPITAL LETTERS on the space provided just before each item.
_______1. Which of the following constructive interview questions that answer the statement of the
problem: What are the factors affecting customer satisfaction?
a. Which services do you like best? c. What do you like best in their menu?
b. Why do you like their food? d. None of the above
_______2. Which of the following research title best describe the study on “Problems and Issues of
Grade 11 Students in UCSC”.
a. Problems and Issues of Grade 11 Students in UCSC
b. Problems and Issues as Perceived by Grade 11 Students in UCSC
c. Perceived Factors of Grade 11 Students in UCSC
d. All of the above
_______3. Which of the following statements best describe statement of the problem in question
#2?
a. What is perceived problems and issues of Grade 11 Students in UCSC?
b. What are the factors and issues of Grade 11 Students in UCSC?
c. What is the problems in UCSC?
d. What are the issues in UCSC?
_______4. In the plan of data analysis, which of the following thematic description best describe in
the statement “The lack of books, materials and financial support for me are the main reason why
I find difficulty in my subjects in Grade II.”?
a. The absence of book, materials and financial support are the main reason as mentioned
by the respondent regarding difficulty in their subject.
b. The absence of book, materials and financial support are the reasons where there is
difficulty in the subject.
c. The unavailability of educational materials and financial problem are hindrances to
subject.
d. All of the above
______5. What level of data interpretation involves discussion of summarized information like
frequency and percentage distribution of participants’ profile?
a. First Level Interpretations c. Third Level Interpretations
b. Second Level Interpretations d. Fourth Level Interpretations
Directions. Analyze critically each given scenario. Choose the best data frequency/weight that will
best describe each of the given conditions presented by writing the letter of your answer on the
blank provided before each item number.
Letter Data Frequency/Weight Letter Data Frequency/Weight
A FEW F SELDOM
B SOME G SOMETIMES
C MANY H MAJORITY
D MODERATE I ALWAYS
E MOST J NEGLIGIBLE
_____1. About 65 learners from a total of 110 enrolled STEM students voted for YES for face- to-
face learning.
_____2. One half (1/2) of the participants are already married.
_____3. The computed R-value was 0.00001 and the p-value was 0.9999.
_____4. How will you describe the data weight for age bracket 13 years and below?
_____5. What is the data weight for 21 years old and above?
_____6. What is the data weight for 14-15 years old?
_____7. How will you describe the data weight for age bracket 18-19 years old?
_____8. A student regularly checks his Body Mass Index every month.
_____9. A student rarely gets incorrect answers for a given learning task.
_____10. Once in a while, teachers do home visit to check the progress of their learners.
Great day guys! We are now ready to take the first step in our
data interpretations. Remember that you can present and interpret your
data using several approaches – textual, tabular, graphical and others.
The easiest way to report the results of quantitative research is to frame them around any
research questions or hypotheses that you formulated.
For each question or hypothesis, present:
The relevant results, including a reminder of the type of analysis used (more detailed
description of your analysis should go into your methodology section).
If you assessed validity and reliability, include these results too.
How each result relates to the question or whether the hypothesis was supported.
You can highlight the most important trends, differences, and relationships among
the data, but do not speculate on their meaning or consequences – this should be
saved for the discussion and conclusion sections.
If you have results that are not directly relevant to answering your questions, or extra
information to help the reader understand your results that doesn’t fit into the
methods section (such as the full survey), you can include these in an appendix.
Reminders:
1. To analyze numerical data, you will probably use statistical methods. These generally require
applications such as Excel, SPSS or SAS.
2. Statistical methods can be used to analyze averages, frequencies, patterns,
and correlations between variables. When creating your research design, you should clearly
define your variables and formulate hypotheses about the relations between them. Then you
can choose appropriate statistical methods to test these hypotheses.
19 years old 4 5
Total 80 100
Mean 16.98
Table 4 shows the frequency and percentage distribution of participants’ profile in terms of
age. Specifically, majority of the participants have an age of 16 years old with a frequency of 41 and
a percentage of 51.25 %. This was followed by the participants with an age of 17 years old with the
frequency of 22 and a percentage of 27.5%. Some of the participants have an age of 18 years old
with a frequency of 13 and a percentage of 14%. Meanwhile, the remaining participants are in the
age of 19 years old with the frequency of 4 and a percentage of 5%.
Take note, discuss only what you have enlisted in the table. Hence, do not deviate from the
main purpose of the study.
Take a look on another example below (from the study of Tallungan, 2020). The highlighted
discussion pertains to the first level interpretation.
Others
No IP group
17; 21%
7; 9%
Take a look on the given pie graph below (from the stud of Tallungan, 2020). The highlighted
information pertains to the second level interpretation.
8; 10%
Ilokano
Gaddang
13; 16%
Ifugao 35; 44%
Others
No IP group
17; 21%
7; 9%
Level 3. Strengthen your Discussion by Associating the Result/s to Related Literature used in
the Study (Association)
Justify the results by associating it to the review of your related literatures and/or studies.
Take a look again on the given discussions on the pie graph below (from the stud of
Tallungan, 2020). The highlighted information pertains to the third level interpretation.
Figure 8. Profile distribution
8; 10% according to ethnic affilation.
Ilokano
Gaddang 13; 16%
Others
No IP group
17; 21%
7; 9%
Grade 11 63 78.75
Grade 12 17 21.25
Total 80 100
(Give a first level interpretation)
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19 years old 4 5
Total 80 100
Mean 16.98
(Give a second level interpretation)
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Verify your understanding. List some important concepts you have acquired from the
lesson.
1. _________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
MY PERSONAL REFLECTION
Good Job! You have already reached the end of the lesson for
1. I believe that I have learnedthis
____________________________________________________
lesson. We hope you already have a clear understanding about
__________________________________________________________________________
data analysis. Take this moment for a learning reflection. KUDOS!
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
POST-ASSESSMENT
My heartfelt commendation for your perseverance in
reaching this part of your academic endeavor.
To conclude what you have learned from this learning
module, kindly answer the summative evaluation of the lessons
included in this chapter of the course. Godspeed!
Multiple Choice
Directions: Choose the letter that corresponds to the best/correct answer to each of the test item.
Write the answer in CAPITAL LETTERS on the space provided just before each item.
_______1. Which of the following constructive interview questions that answer the statement of the
problem: What are the factors affecting customer satisfaction?
c. Which services do you like best? c. What do you like best in their menu?
d. Why do you like their food? d. None of the above
_______2. Which of the following research title best describe the study on “Problems and Issues of
Grade 11 Students in UCSC”.
e. Problems and Issues of Grade 11 Students in UCSC
f. Problems and Issues as Perceived by Grade 11 Students in UCSC
g. Perceived Factors of Grade 11 Students in UCSC
h. All of the above
_______3. Which of the following statements best describe statement of the problem in question
#2?
e. What is perceived problems and issues of Grade 11 Students in UCSC?
f. What are the factors and issues of Grade 11 Students in UCSC?
g. What is the problems in UCSC?
h. What are the issues in UCSC?
_______4. In the plan of data analysis, which of the following thematic description best describe in
the statement “The lack of books, materials and financial support for me are the main reason why
I find difficulty in my subjects in Grade II.”?
e. The absence of book, materials and financial support are the main reason as mentioned
by the respondent regarding difficulty in their subject.
f. The absence of book, materials and financial support are the reasons where there is
difficulty in the subject.
g. The unavailability of educational materials and financial problem are hindrances to
subject.
h. All of the above
______5. What level of data interpretation involves discussion of summarized information like
frequency and percentage distribution of participants’ profile?
c. First Level Interpretations c. Third Level Interpretations
d. Second Level Interpretations d. Fourth Level Interpretation