Traffic Optimization System Using LSTM, Deep

Learning for Reducing Carbon Emissions and

Improving Traffic Flow
Sankalpa Dutta Anushka Jana
dept. of Computer Science Engineering(IoT,CYS,BCT) dept. of Computer Science Engineering(IoT,CYS,BCT)
University of Engineering and Management, Kolkata University of Engineering and Management, Kolkata
Kolkata, India Kolkata, India
[email protected] [email protected]

Arijeet Das Shruti De Dalal

dept. of Computer Science Engineering(IoT,CYS,BCT) dept. of Computer Science Engineering(IoT,CYS,BCT)
University of Engineering and Management, Kolkata University of Engineering and Management, Kolkata
Kolkata, India Kolkata, India
[email protected] [email protected]

Anwesha Ghosh
dept. of Computer Science Engineering(IoT,CYS,BCT)
University of Engineering and Management, Kolkata
Kolkata, India
[email protected]

Abstract—This paper proposes a novel traffic optimization sys- traffic optimization system that incorporates state-of-the-art
tem utilizing Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, deep technologies, including Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) [5]
learning techniques, and the You Only Look Once (YOLO) object networks, deep learning algorithms [6], and the You Only
detection framework.It reduces carbon emissions and makes
traffic flow more efficient.The proposed method is able to reduce Look Once (YOLO) [7] object detection framework. The
immensely the traffic congestion and associated environmental particular approach is to use the LSTM network that will scan
impacts by predicting the traffic patterns and optimizing traffic the past data for almost an indefinite period and then predicting
light control. the traffic patterns as well as the potential congestion points
Index Terms—Traffic Optimization, LSTM(Long Short Term thus it is done with a high level of accuracy. With the inclusion
Memory), Deep Learning, YOLO(You Only Look , Object Detec-
tion, Carbon Emissions, Traffic Flow,Recurrent Neural Network of deep learning techniques, the system can learn from a huge
amount of traffic data, thus making its predictive accuracy
better as times goes by. Besides the traffic forecast, the system
I. I NTRODUCTION also makes use of YOLO for the on-spot object detection,
The surge of automobiles on city streets has brought about which in turn allows the continuous examination of traffic
a stipulable traffic jam, and the contamination of the envi- conditions. YOLO’s capability of fast and correct detection
ronment and the society has been escalated because of the allows the device to identify cars and analyze traffic in real-
extended carbon discharges, and this is a big challenge that time. This real-time data syncs with traffic predictions to the
has to be taken seriously by the environment and society. traffic light timings that will be set early to avoid congestion
Traffic systems that are hundred percent effective are those that and enhance road safety. Through the application of these new
deal with these problems, which include the smooth flow of technologies, the suggested traffic optimization system wants
traffic, short travel times, and lesser emissions. Traffic control to present an urban traffic management solution that is the
techniques such as those traditionally used, which often rely more efficient, sustainable, and responsive to the situation.
on predetermined signal timings and reactive measures, prove
themselves way insufficient in the handling of the dynamic II. R ELATED W ORKS
and complex nature of modern urban traffic. These methods do Previous studies have explored various approaches to traffic
not adjust their schedules in accordance with real-time traffic management, including rule-based systems, sensor networks,
conditions, exacerbating the congestion issue. One of the in- and machine learning models. LSTM networks have shown
troductions to this regard this paper brings up is a sophisticated promise in time-series prediction tasks, making them suitable
for traffic flow forecasting. Deep learning models, particularly an IoT-enabled solution has been proposed in order to create
YOLO, have been effective in real-time object detection, ”Green Corridors” for Emergency Vehicles. The RFID readers
which can be utilized for vehicle counting and classification. will read the tags implanted on ambulances, updating the
traffic lights to green and warning drivers to shift lanes. This
A. Traffic forecast using LSTM RNN: smart traffic management system can ensure on-time arrival of
Prediction of traffic using Long Short-term Memory Re- emergency vehicles to sites, thereby saving lives from delays
current Neural Networks (LSTM RNNs) is the focus of the and accidents. The system also aims to improve safety and
development of traffic forecasting methods. The approach is efficiency in cities by facilitating rapid and safe passage for
highly accurate but it could only capture and predict traffic emergency vehicles. This type of solution could significantly
patterns. It isn’t strategic in revealing the number of carbon reduce emergency response time in critical situations, therefore
emissions given out by the cars. Through its treatment of the making city traffic easier to handle, which leads to better health
traffic flow predictions only, this technique fails to consider the among the general public. [1]
environmental impact of the vehicular emissions. In addition
to being very helpful for studies of traffic conditions aloe, III. S YSTEM A RCHITECTURE
which is the main advantage of these systems, carbon emission
The YOLO and LSTM modelistic architecture complement
forecasts are key elements for developing a comprehensive
each other: the former is responsible for traffic management
strategy to minimize the environmental pollution connected to
while the latter is for object detection. The system proposed
transportation. [2]
involves Long-Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network for traf-
B. Adaptive Traffic Management System: fic forecasting and only one look at the (YOLO) for object
detection making a complete combination of traffic manage-
The implementation of an intelligent traffic management
ment. The architecture consists of three main components:
system helps to solve the excessive congestion problem by
dynamically changing the duration of the green light on the • Data Collection: Traffic data are collected from cameras
basis of the number of vehicles in each lane, using IoT and and the sensors installed at the main intersections. These
machine learning technologies. Camera sensors collect traffic devices have the ability to give round-the-clock real-time
data, which is then processed by machine learning algorithms data, which includes - vehicle count, speed, and traffic
to optimize traffic flow and reduce waiting times. In addition density, which is in turn essential for a correct analysis
to the real-time adjustments, this technology also guarantees a and prediction. [6]
more efficient and responsive form of the traffic management • Traffic Prediction: Using data warehousing, LSTM net-
fostering the drivers to have smoother rides and making the works are utilized for data analysis and traffic prediction
delays due to the overcrowding of traffic reduced. With the in the surrounding of historical traffic. The LSTM neural
integration of smart traffic technologies, managing traffic and networks that are acclimated to accurate historical traffic
pollution more efficiently will be possible, and through this data prediction are the way that we predict traffic jams.
way, the quality of life of urban residents will be enhanced. These systems forecast future traffic scenarios by utilizing
[9] historical information and also gaining an exact statistic
on the amount of the environmental (Greenhouse gas)
C. Smart traffic management system using IOT and machine emissions. Whether or not you will have more or fewer
learning approach: emissions produced depends on the projected traffic flow.
The objective of the proposed system, such as this IoT and These two systems have different aspects; one is traffic
machine learning-based smart traffic management system, is optimization, and the other one is environmental protec-
to build smart cities and control the traffic at an industrial tion. [5]
level. However, this approach does not show anything about • Traffic Management: YOLO object detection is utilized
how it could reduce carbon emissions from vehicles or help for the purpose of monitoring traffic conditions in real-
the environment. It proposes using IoT and IIOT for efficient time and adjusting traffic lights to optimize the flow of
traffic control in cities without discussing their environmental traffic. YOLO’s high-speed and precise object recognition
impact. Consequently, the thesis did not pursue the potential features are capable of detecting traffic situations such
benefits such a system might have in terms of reduced emis- as traffic congestion and accidents quick. By using this
sions and increased environment sustainability. This leads to monitoring technology of real-time data with the forecast-
a gap in the discussion of the ecological advantages of smart ing insights the system will be automatically capable of
traffic management. [4] adjusting the traffic signals dynamically creating traffic
flow without any delays and making smoother driving
D. Smart Traffic Management System using IoT Enabled Tech- experiences. [3]
nology: These things when combined produce a smart traffic control-
In smart cities, from Delhi to Bangalore and then to ling system, which, in addition to reducing traffic congestion,
Mumbai, the worst part is traffic congestion; accidents keep also helps reduce carbon emissions thus making the city a
happening and emergency vehicles are hindered. In this paper, safer and more sustainable place to live.
 IV. M ETHODOLOGY are in motion in the supervised areas. This real-time detection
A. Data Collection and Pre-processing is a vital facility in identifying the types, counts, and behavior
of vehicles on the road. By keeping an eye on the traffic,
Traffic data are monitored from diverse sources such as
YOLO makes it possible to control the traffic lights in the best
roadside cameras, in-road sensors, and traffic management
possible way, according to the real-time data. For example, it
systems that work with variable counts, speeds, and traffic
can be done by the system that if there is a sudden increase in
light timings. For instance, this data is the result of the
the number of vehicles at the intersection, the green light can
traffic conditions in different times of the day and various
automatically be extended, therefore, causing smoother traffic
locations. Nonetheless, collecting data in the raw format can be
flow, which in turn, will lead to less congestion and, thus, safer
problematic due to noise and inconsistencies which reduces the
roads. [7]
accuracy of predictions. Consequently, pre-processing steps
are imperative, i.e., data cleaning, normalization, and other V. R ESULTS AND D ISCUSSION
works need to be done. These are the refining techniques to be A Double Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) approach
adopted. It includes the elimination of outliers and erroneous had a level of accuracy, graphed via TP, at up to nine-
entries, and normalization to ensure that the values are within high in cetacean areas. Thus confronting, the fact of it by
the same limit, so that the data can be applied to the LSTM looking backwards would make a proactive response to the
model. The model can not only track the data better but also congestion of traffic signals, for example, cause and find a
produce high-confidence predictions by utilizing the data. solution. Moreover, the You Only Look Once (YOLO) object
B. Traffic Prediction using LSTM recognition system was used to so traffic in real time could
be monitored. The MDR model was there as well, it turned
The Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network is a kind out to be a very precise mark that some impressive speed and
of recurrent neural network (RNN) that is specifically designed precision could deliver the material in the right way.This was
to deal with sequential data and thus is very useful for traffic made possible by the combination of the new technologies
flow prediction. The training of the LSTM network is done by that not only made the traffic systems smarter and effective
looking at the data that was sensed on the traffic, and it takes but also had a great impact on the growing environmental
into consideration past vehicle counts, speeds, and traffic light pollution. The project is targeting to reduce traffic jams under
timings, in order to learn temporal patterns and dependencies. the Smart City concept in the model of the ecoZILS pilot
This training will lead the network to predict the traffic volume site of the transport systems. As the administration reacts
in the future and the places that might get jammed with a to the detected, partly anticipated, and minimally wished-
great deal of accuracy. The way in which an LSTM model can for unpleasant situations, lifting insuring comfort to people,
forecast the evolution of traffic over time is through the study cutting down costs and resources at all levels, although this
of its sequential nature, as it can be fed with data on how traffic may be slowed by other factors such as population growth,
lights will change because of proactive traffic management over development, and City planners using the collection of
measures. In addition, the model can better absorb changes in urban crowd sourcing data to understand the problems of the
traffic patterns, such as the initiation of roadworks or special town wards at the local level. This new technology application
events, that give reliable and robust predictions. [5] to the dimension of plant logistics trigger can help to drive
C. Prediction of Carbon Emission: industrial enterprises to give up all the time, space, and price
The LSTM network not only forecasts future traffic condi- redundancy, and reach their goals.
tions but is also instrumental in predicting carbon emissions
from vehicles. By analyzing historical traffic data, the LSTM
model can estimate the average carbon emissions associated
with various traffic scenarios. This involves understanding the
relationship between traffic flow, vehicle counts, and emissions
levels. By using this predictive capability, the system can
identify periods of high emissions and suggest strategies to
mitigate them, such as optimizing traffic flow to reduce idling
times. Ultimately, this contributes to environmental sustain-
ability by enabling informed decision-making regarding urban
traffic management. [8]
D. Real-Time Object Detection using YOLO:
Fig. 1. Hourly Vehicle Count and Carbon Emission
YOLO (You Only Look Once) is a modern object detection
framework that attracts humanity because of the speed with
which it can be implemented and the accuracy it maintains VI. C ONCLUSION
for real-time applications. YOLO in the context of traffic This paper presents an innovative traffic optimization system
management is used to detect and classify the vehicles that that leverages Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks,
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deep learning algorithms, and the You Only Look Once

(YOLO) object detection framework to significantly improve
traffic flow and reduce carbon emissions. The system utilizes
LSTM networks to accurately predict future traffic patterns
based on historical data, enabling proactive traffic manage-
ment. Additionally, YOLO is employed for real-time vehicle
detection and classification, ensuring continuous monitoring of
traffic conditions. The integration of these advanced technolo-
gies has demonstrated remarkable results in reducing traffic
congestion and lowering carbon emissions, showcasing the
potential of this approach to create more efficient, sustainable,
and responsive urban transportation systems. These improve-
ments are crucial for addressing the growing challenges of
urbanization and environmental sustainability.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This research was supported by our faculty coordinators
Prof. (Dr.) Avik Kr. Das, Prof. (Dr.) Arijeet Ghosh and Prof.
Dipankar Datta. The authors would like to thank them for their
valuable contributions.
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