HISTORY ◆ register their lands again (under

Torrens system)
CHAPTER4: DIFFERENT SOCIETAL ◆ however, filipinos don’t have money
ISSUES to register their land
MIDTERM 1ST SEM ➔ Tenancy Act of 1933 (Act No. 4113)
◆ land owner and tenant relationship
● 50-50 sharing
LAND REFORM IN THE PHILIPPINES
PRESIDENTS AND THEIR IMPLIED
LAND REFORM
LAWS/LEGISLATIONS
➔ land=power
Manuel L. Quezon: Commonwealth Period
◆ land ownership
➔ Commonwealth Act No. 178 (An Amendment
➔ Philippines is a rice eating country
of Rice Tenancy Act No. 4045)
Land Reform Agrarian Reform ◆ controls in the landlord-tenant
relationship
redistribution of land rectify whole system of ➔ National Rice and Corn Corporation
agriculture
(NARIC)
landlords to relationship between ◆ established the price of rice and
tenants/farmers production and corn
-own a piece of land distribution of land ◆ help the poor tenants as well as
-to improve their plight among farmers consumers
Manuel Roxas
processing of raw
materials produced by ➔ Republic Act No. 34
farming the land ◆ 70-30 sharing agreement
(tenant-landlord)
LOOKING BACK ON THE AGRARIAN SYSTEM
● if all the capital is from the
PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD
farmer
➔ land was commonly owned by the
◆ utang to landlord: interest is 6%
community
Elpidio Quirino
◆ 30-100 families
➔ Executive Order No. 355: Land Settlement
◆ administered by the chiefs (datu)
Development Corporation (LASEDECO)
➔ no concept of private ownership
◆ takes over the responsibility of the
➔ resources are shared
Agricultural Machinery Equipment
◆ everyone had access to the fruits of
Corporation and Rice and Corn
the soil
Production Administration
COLONIAL PERIOD
● technology and machinery in
➔ encomienda system
farming
◆ royal land grand
● distribute lands
◆ big land was divided to smaller parts
*didn’t happen
(encomienda: entrusting land)
Ramon Magsaysay
◆ encomiendero: spaniards
➔ Republic Act No. 1160 of 1954
● protect the land and turn
◆ abolished LASEDCO
filipinos to catholics
◆ established National Resettlement
● we should pay taxes/tributes
and Rehabilitation Administration
○ abused: increased tax
(NARRA)
➔ hacienda / land estates
● resettle dissidents and
◆ everyone with land should register it
landless farmers
(land title)
● rebel returnees providing
◆ spaniards registered the lands
home lots and farmlands in
owned by filipinos, under their name
Palawan and Mindanao
● friars(priest): hacienda
➔ Republic Act No. 1199 (Agricultural Tenancy
owners
Act of 1954)
◆ usurpation of land: land grabbing
◆ share-tenancy and leasehold system
➔ tenancy system
● leasehold: long term contract
◆ filipinos rented and farmed sa land
◆ created the Court of Agrarian
● inquilinos: land managers /
Reforms
tenants
Diosdado Macapagal
AMERICAN PERIOD
➔ Republic Act No. 3844 or Agricultural Land
➔ Philippine Bill of 1902
Reform Code of 1963
◆ limit the land
◆ reduced land rent to average(25%)
● 1 person=16 hectares
of the last three annual harvest
● corporation: 1,024 hectares
➔ Institutionalized Agricultural leasehold
◆ remaining will go to the government
system
and distributed to the farmers
◆ turn tenant farmers into
➔ Land Registration Act of 1902 (Act No. 496)
owner-cultivators
 ◆ focus on land redistribution, farmer ◆ landless farmers would be awarded
independence, and productivity with undistributed lands under th
improvement CARP
*didn’t happen ➔ DAR created an anti-corruption task force
Ferdinand Marcos Sr.: Marshall Law = Bagong to investigate and handle reports on alleged
Lipunan anomalous activities by officials and
➔ Presidential Decree no. 27 or the Tenant employees of the department
Emancipation Decree ➔ department also pursues an “Oplan Zero
◆ provided all tenanted private Backlog”
agricultural lands devoted to rice ◆ resolution of cases in relation to
and corn production will be agrarian justice delivery of the
distributed to the tenants agrarian reform program to fast
◆ limit: 7 hectares track the implementation of CARP
➔ Republic Act No 6369 (Code of Agrarian ➔ 800,000 land titles were redistributed
Reform) and RA No. 6390 of 1971
◆ Department of Agrarian Reform
(DAR) and Agrarian Reform Special
Account Fund
◆ strengthen the position of farmers
and expanded the scope of agrarian
reform
Corazon Aquino
➔ Republic Act No 6657: Comprehensive
Agrarian Reform Law of 1988
◆ CARL to CARP
◆ limit agricultural lands to 5 hectares
per person
➔ Proclamation No. 131, July 22, 1987
◆ CARP: major program of the
government
◆ special fund (Agrarian Reform Fund:
ARF)
● 50 billion
● cover the estimated cost of
the program from 1987-1992
● buy excess land and sell the
land
CHALLENGES ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CARP
➔ corruption: land valuation
◆ Garchitorena Land scam
● 3 million to 40+ million to 56
million
● wala nadayon kay nasakpan
◆ filipinos then questioned the CARP
➔ budgetary shortage
➔ allegation on lack of political will and
commitment
◆ Pres. Aquino: member of Cojuangco
family
● owned the Hacienda Luisita
in Tarlac
○ gibakuran
● Hacienda Luisita massacre
○ farmers were harmed
and killed (7 people
died)
IMPLEMENTATION OF CARP UNDER RODRIGO
DUTERTE
➔ wants to pursue an “aggressive” land
reform program that would help alleviate
the life of poor farmers
◆ prioritize the provision of support
services alongside land distribution
➔ directed DAR to launch the 2nd phase of
agrarian reform