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09 Nephrology

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12 views5 pages

09 Nephrology

Uploaded by

barkatshaikh97
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Nephrology

Collected by Dr.Mahmoud Eid from pediatric board study guide book

32 Case

1. A 5-year-old hospitalized and receiving penicillin IV for 10 days, developed


rash, eosinophilia, eosinophiluria, as well as pyuria (sterile), hematuria,
moderate proteinuria (usually < 1 g/d)

Antibiotic-induced allergic interstitial nephritis

2. Eosinophils in urine are associated with Throat pain, low-grade fever, brown
colored urine (gross hematuria), normal blood pressure, no other symptoms

Allergic interstitial nephritis IgA nephropathy

3. The most common cause of gross hematuria in children

IgA nephropathy

4. A 4-year-old had throat infection 2 weeks ago, tea-colored urine, BP is


slightly elevated, RBCs cast in urine, low C3 and normal C4

Postinfectious glomerulonephritis

5. History of impetigo, tea-colored urine, hypertension, periorbital edema, C3 is


low, normal C4, azotemia, normal ASO titer, positive anti-DNAse, oliguria,
and RBCs casts in urine

Postinfectious glomerulonephritis

6. Can antibiotics prevent acute post-infectious glomerulonephritis?

No

7. Can antibiotics prevent acute rheumatic fever?


Yes

8. Status post cardiac arrest, BUN and creatinine are elevated, hyperkalemia,
hyponatremia, hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, and urine shows muddy
brown, granular casts

Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) secondary to ischemia

9. Seven days of therapy on amoxicillin, BUN and creatinine are elevated, no


oliguria, urine is very dilute and contains some WBCs

Acute interstitial nephritis due to antibiotics

10. A 2-year-old, swelling of the face and generalized edema, 4+ proteinuria, no


hematuria, hyperlipidemia, hypoalbuminemia, normal C3 and C4, urine negative
for protein after 3 weeks of steroid therapy

Nephrotic syndrome due to minimal change disease

11. Healthy child with proteinuria, morning specimen is negative for


proteinuria

Benign orthostatic proteinuria

12. A 5-year-old has blood in urine, urine is positive for hematuria, and RBCs
casts, renal function is normal, no hypertension, positive family history of
hematuria

Familial thin basement nephropathy (autosomal dominant)

13. Microhematuria, proteinuria, absent patella, dystrophic nails, dysplasia of


elbows

Nail–patella syndrome (autosomal dominant)


14. A 7-year-old, failure to thrive, polyuria, polydipsia, anemia, ocular apraxia,
retinitis pigmentosa, coloboma, nystagmus, aplasia of cerebellar vermis, loss of
differentiation between cortex and medulla on renal US

Juvenile nephronophthisis

15. At what age will a child with juvenile nephronophthisis progress to end-stage
kidney disease?

Approximately 3 years of age

16. Boy with sensorineural loss, proteinuria, mother’s brother died from
renal failure

Alport syndrome (X-linked disease)

17. One week ago URI, petechiae on the buttocks and lower extremities,
abdominal pain, arthralgia, and hematuria

Henoch–Schonlein purpura

18. Bloody diarrhea, which resolves, but then the child becomes pale and tired
and is found to have hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, elevated BUN and
creatinine.

Hemolytic uremic syndrome

19. The most common cause of acute kidney injury in a previously healthy
child

Hemolytic uremic syndrome

20. A child on amphotericin B developed kidney stones, and blood work


showed non anion gap metabolic acidosis. What is the most likely cause?

Renal tubular acidosis type 1 (Distal)


21. A child with polyuria, polydipsia, dehydration, growth failure, nonanion gap
metabolic acidosis, hypokalemia, hypophosphatemia, proteinuria, glucosuria

Fanconi syndrome

22. Type of renal tubular acidosis associated with Fanconi syndrome

RTA type 2 (Proximal)

23. Type of renal tubular acidosis associated with hyperkalemia

RTA type 4

24. Type of renal tubular acidosis associated with hypokalemia

RTA type 1

25. Hemoptysis, hematuria, proteinuria, positive anti-glomerular basement


membrane antibodies (anti-GBM)

Goodpasture’s syndrome

26. A child with nephrotic syndrome not responding to treatment and


progressing to chronic kidney disease

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)

27. Adolescent with nephrotic syndrome, microscopic hematuria, and


hypertension

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)

28. Adolescent presents with proteinuria, hematuria, hypertension, low C3,


hyperlipidemia, renal failure, positive hepatitis B virus infection

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN)


29. A child develops acute kidney injury and within 4 weeks progresses to
ESRD, renal biopsy shows crescents formation in most glomeruli

Rapidly progressive (crescenteric) glomerulonephritis

30. A child on Lasix, presents with oliguria, elevated creatinine, urine osmolality
is > 400 mOsm/L, urine Na < 20, FeNa < 1 %, urine is positive for hyaline cast

Prerenal acute kidney injury

31. A child after a car accident and crush injury presents with high BUN/Cr,
oliguria, urine osmolality 300 mOsm/L. FeNa > 1 %, urine Na > 20, large muddy
brown granular cast

Acute tubular necrosis (intrarenal acute kidney injury)

32. A male infant with posterior urethral valves, born prematurely and is found
to have high BUN/Cr, normal FeNa, normal urine osmolality, normal urine Na

Postrenal acute kidney injury

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