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7 views

Presentation 1

Uploaded by

youseftab942
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SOLUTION OF

HIGHER ORDER
ODE
Definition:
The D operator is defined to be:
d dy
D Dy 
dx dx
d2 d2y
D2  D2 y 
dx 2 dx 2
n n
d d y
Dn  n D y
n
dx dxn

Theorem
y1, y2 ,..., yn are n independent solutions of the homogenous DE
then the general solution is y  x   c1 y1  c2 y2  ...  cn yn
Complementary and particular solutions

The complementary (or homogenous) solution:

is the solution of the homogenous case yc


The particular solution:

is any solution satisfy the non-homogenous case yp


The general solution: yG
yG  yc  y p
Second Order Linear Homogenous DE with
Constant Coefficients

x
y  a1 y  a0 y  0 ye
x  2 x
y   e y  e

( 2  a1  a0 )e x  0 ( 2  a1  a0 )  0

This equation called the characteristic equation


(c/e) (or auxiliary equation) of the DE.
1x 2 x
The solution is: y  c1e  c2 e

y   5 y   6 y  0

  5  6  0
2
y  c1e 2 x
 c2 e 3 x

  2  3  0
1  2, 2  3
The solution is:

y  e x (c1 cos  x  c2 sin  x)

y  4 y  13 y  0
2
  4  13  0 y e 2 x
(c1 cos3x  c2 sin3x)
1,2  2  3i
x x
The solution is: y  c1e  c2 xe

y  4 y  4 y  0
2
  4  4  0 2x 2x
y  c1e  c2 xe
2
   2 0
1  2  2
Example
y  2 y  y  0
Solution
2
  2  1  0
x x
   1 2
0 y  c1e  c2 xe

1  2  1
Example
y  4 y  5 y  0 y (0)  1 y(0)  0
Solution
2
  4  5  0 y (0)  1  c1  c2  1

   5   1  0 y(0)  0  5c1  c2  0

1  5, 2  1 1 5
c1  , c2 
6 6
5x x 1 5x 5  x
y  c1e  c2e y e  e
6 6
Example
y  9 y  0

Solution
2
 90
1  2  3i

y  c1 cos3 x  c2 sin 3 x
Higher Orders Homogenous Linear DE
with Constant Coefficients
 n
an y  an 1 y  n 1
 ...  a1 y  a0 y  0

(1) Set the c/e: an n  an 1 n 1  ...  a1  a0  0

(2) Find the roots: 1, 2 ,..., n


(3) According to the nature of these roots we write the
linearly independent solutions.
Example
y   2 y   3y   0
Solution
3 2
  2  3  0 1  0, 2  1, 3  3

 2
   2  3  0  0x
y  c1e  c2e x
 c3e 3x

x
    3   1  0 y  c1  c2e  c3e 3x
Example
y   y   4 y   4 y  0
Solution
3 2
    4  4  0    1   2

4 0

    1  4    1  0
2
1  1, 2,3  2i

y  c1e  c2 cos 2 x  c3 sin 2 x


x
Example

D 4 2

 2D  1 y  0
Solution
4 2
  2  1  0
2 2 1,2   i  3,4
(  1)  0

y  (c1 cos x  c2 sin x)  x(c3 cos x  c4 sin x)


Example

 
D 4  8D 2  16 y  0
Solution
4 2
  8  16  0 2 2
(  2) (  2)  0
2 2
(  4)  0 1,2  2, 3,4  2
2x 2x 2 x 2 x
y  (c1e  c2 xe )  (c3e  c4 xe )

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