Scribd
Upload
7 views4 pages

Anglais (2)

Uploaded by

Mary Norssine
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
7 views4 pages

Anglais (2)

Uploaded by

Mary Norssine
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

USTHB/ Faculté de Physique/ LMD-SM-L2/Sections A, B, C/ « Anglais »/ 2018-2019

NOM :…………………………………PRENOM :…………………………………N°……....

FINAL EXAMEN S1
Exercise 1 (from : Materials and Design 51 (2013) 767–774)

Read the text carefully and answer the questions on this sheet of paper

Al–Si alloys are used in many engineering applications due to their properties such as : low
density, high corrosion resistance and good castability. However, the biggest disadvantage of
these alloys is the lack of heat treatment capability. Therefore Mg is added into the alloy to
improve the heat treatment capability of this alloy and provides a good engineering alloy. In
many studies it was reported that formation of secondary phase (Mg2Si precipitate) in the
structure, with the aging heat treatment, increases significantly the mechanical properties of
the alloy [1–4]. Secondary phase precipitates (Mg2Si) which settle among the aluminum
dendrites with the aging heat treatment result in precipitation hardening [2,5–7]. Thus, the Al–
Si–Mg alloys with increased mechanical properties are used in many fields particularly in
automotive and aviation industries.
Some previous studies reported that the mechanical properties of cast Al–Si–Mg alloys
depend on many parameters such as chemical composition, solidification conditions, shape
and dimension of silicon particles in the structure, whether the modification and grain refining
process are carried out or not and dendrite arm space [8–14].

1°) Give a title of this paragraph……………………...…………………………………………


2°) a- What is an alloy? …………………………………………………………………………
b- What is the aim of using alloys?.........................................................................................
3°) How many different alloys are cited in this text? Which are the alloys corresponding to
binary systems ?.....……………………………………………………………………………...
…………………………………………………………………………………………………...
4°) a- What is the ternary element added to these binary systems ? ……………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………...
b- What is the aim of adding ternary elements? ……………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………...
5°) What are the secondary phase precipitates and where are they localized ? What is the role
of these precipitates ?…………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………...
6°) In which fields of industry are Al-Si based alloys used ? Why are these alloys required for
such applications?……………………………………………………………….........................
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
7°) On which parameters do the mechanical properties of cast Al–Si–Mg alloys depend ?........
Exercise 2

In statistical mechanics, entropy is an extensive property of a thermodynamic system. It is


closely related to the number Ω of microscopic …………………. (known as microstates) that
are consistent with the macroscopic quantities that characterize the system (such as its
volume, pressure and temperature).
Under the assumption that each microstate is equally probable, the entropy is
the ……………. logarithm of the number of microstates, multiplied by the Boltzmann
constant kB. Formally,

……………….. systems typically have a very large number Ω of possible microscopic


………………… . For example, the entropy of an ideal gas is …………………. to the
number of gas molecules N. Roughly twenty liters of gas at room temperature and
atmospheric pressure has N ≈ 6×1023 (Avogadro's number). At ……………………, each of
the Ω configurations can be regarded as …………. and equally likely.

Fill in the blanks from the list :


proportional ; equilibrium ; configurations; random ; natural; Macroscopic

Exercise 3

Read and Answer.

The second law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of an isolated system never
decreases. Such systems spontaneously evolve towards thermodynamic equilibrium, the state
with maximum entropy. Non-isolated systems may lose entropy, provided their environment's
entropy increases by at least that amount so that the total entropy increases. Entropy is a
function of the state of the system, so the change in entropy of a system is determined by its
initial and final states. In the idealization that a process is reversible, the entropy does not
change, while irreversible processes always increase the total entropy.
Because it is determined by the number of random microstates, entropy is related to the
amount of additional information needed to specify the exact physical state of a system, given
its macroscopic specification. For this reason, it is often said that entropy is an expression of
the disorder or lack of information.

1. Is the entropy an extensive or on intensive quantity?


2. Can the entropy decrease in a non-isolated system? If yes, under which condition?
3. What is the difference between a reversible and an irreversible process?
4. What is meant by “the entropy is a measure of disorder”?
USTHB/ Faculté de Physique/ LMD-SM-L2/Sections A, B, C/ « Anglais »/ 2018-2019

NOM :…………………………………PRENOM :…………………………………N°……....

EPREUVE DE RATTRAPAGE (S1)

Exercise 1 (from: www.metallurgy.nist.gov)

1°) Give a title to the figure……………………..


……………………………………………………
2°) What is the binary alloy corresponding to the
figure? …………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………
3°) What are the melting temperatures of Sn and Pb?
………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………
4°) What are the eutectic temperature and the eutectic
Composition?..............................................................
………………………………………………………..
5°) Is α phase rich in Sn atoms or in Pb atoms? What is
about β phase?...............................................................
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
6°) Indicate the different existing phases on the figure
Exercise 3

The figure below illustrates the Fe-C phase diagram.


1°) According to the periodic table, Fe is the abbreviation of which element? What about C?....................

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2°) How many different phases are there in the above phase diagram?.........................................................

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….....

3°) What is the melting point of the element Fe?............................................................................................

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

4°) What are the eutectic temperature and the eutectic composition?.............................................................

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5°) Indicate, on the phase diagram, the Liquid+ δ-Fe phase.

You might also like