Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ZAMBALES
MICRO ASIA COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, INC.
Iba, Zambales

MEDIA AND
INFORMATION
LITERACY

LESSON 2 PART
1

SECOND QUARTER S.Y. 2024-2025

 Vanessa M. Baysa, LPT
Subject
LESSON 2. LEGAL, ETHICAL, AND SOCIETAL ISSUES Teacher
IN MEDIA AND INFORMATION
(INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, PLAGIARISM, FAIR USE, & CREATIVE COMMON)

At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:

1. explain the act of plagiarism through case study;
2. compose a rap song that promotes anti-plagiarism;
3. cite practical situation when to apply knowledge in
intellectual property, copyright, and fair use guidelines
(MELC); and generalize the important lessons learned and how to apply
it in daily life living.

Lesson Content

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

If you want to use a copyrighted material, you need to secure a copyright

permission from its owner first because the work of another person is his
intellectual property. In its strict sense, an intellectual property pertains to the
output of a person’s intellectual pursuit, such as his literary and artistic works,
inventions, logos, symbols, and signs, as well as names and images used for
commercial purpose or advertisements.

Intellectual Property (IP) is protected in law by World Intellectual Property

Organization (WIPO) and Republic Act 8293 Intellectual Property Code of the
Philippines.

TYPES OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

1. COPYRIGHT – a legal term used to describe the rights that creators have
over their literary and artistic works.

A copyrighted material is protected by law and cannot just be used and

reproduced without permission. Otherwise, violation of such can merit legal
sanctions. There are authors who allow others to use their work freely, provided
that proper citation is credited to them. Others, however, ask first for an
honorarium before allowing the use of their material. Published authors usually
receive a monetary amount or royalty from the sales of their books given by the
publisher. Thus, a person who wants to use the work of an author should ask for
copyright permission. In the Philippines, a copyright for intellectual works can be
requested at the National Library.

Copyrighted materials may include printed materials, such as books, musical

scores, as well as maps. It may also include artworks like paintings, sculptures,
images, and drawings
 2. PATENT. It pertains to an exclusive right granted to an invention. Just like
copyright law, a patent protects the owner from other people who
deliberately or unintentionally copy his invention. When a scientist is
granted a patent, it means that he has exclusive rights to the invention or
product since it is his own original idea.

3. TRADEMARK. It refers to a specific sign associated with a brand of goods

or services. Companies use a trademark to distinguish their products from
other available and similar products in the market.

If a brand name is followed by the trademark symbol, it means that the

brand name has exclusive use of its trademark. Imitation of brand names with a
trademark is considered illegal because it is a form of fraud. Doing so is
tantamount to deceive the public that the product they are buying is original.
Some imitation products look the same as the original in terms of logo and
design. Thus, consumers tend to buy these fake items in the belief that they are
also original, but only cheaper in price. Although branded products are at times
costly, the presence of the trademark they are known for assure the consumers
that the products they are purchasing are of high standard.
 4. INDUSTRIAL DESIGN. It constitutes the ornamental or aesthetic aspect
of an article. It may consist of three-dimensional features, such as the
shape or surface of an article or two-dimensional features such as
patterns, lines, or color.

5. GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS AND APPELLATIONS OF ORIGIN. It is

the sign used on goods that have a specific geographical origin and
possess qualities, a reputation or characteristics that are essentially
attributable to that place of origin. Mostly, it commonly includes the name
of the place of origin of the goods.

We have previously mentioned that printed materials like a literary piece

or research is considered the owner’s intellectual property. Therefore, if
another individual uses it without proper citation, it will send readers a
wrong notion that this is an original work. In this sense, plagiarism
becomes a form of fraud.

In addition, plagiarism is a form of stealing because the person involved

did not acknowledge the original owner of the work and claimed the
material as his own. To avoid plagiarism, proper citation using endnotes or
footnotes, and listing the materials used in the bibliography should be
observed. Additionally, a researcher or writer should learn how to
paraphrase the original text properly.

TYPES OF PLAGIARISM (SOURCES NOT CITED)

1. The Ghost Writer - the writer turns in another’s work, word-for-
word, as his or her own.
 2. The Photocopy - the writer copies significant portions of text
straight from a single source, without alteration.
3. The Potluck Paper - the writer copies from several different
sources, tweaking the sentences to make them fit together while
retaining most of the original phrasing.
4. The Poor Disguise - the writer has altered the paper’s
appearance slightly by changing key words and phrases.
5. The Labor of Laziness- the writer takes the time to paraphrase
most of the paper from other sources and make it all fit together.
6. The Self-stealer - the writer “borrows” generously from his or her
previous work
SOURCES CITED (BUT STILL PLAGIARIZED)
1. The Forgotten Footnote - the writer mentions an author’s name
for a source, but neglects to include specific information on the
location of the material referenced.
2. The Mis-informer - the writer provides inaccurate information
regarding the sources, making it impossible to find them.
3. The Too-perfect Paraphrase - the writer properly cites a source,
but neglects to put in quotation marks on text that has been copied
word-for-word or close to it.
4. The Resourceful Citer - the writer properly cites all sources,
paraphrasing and using quotations appropriately. The paper
contains almost no original work.
5. The Perfect Crime - the writer properly quotes and cites sources in
some places but goes on to paraphrase other arguments from those
sources without citation.

FAIR USE GUIDELINES

Fair use mean you can use copyrighted material without a license only for
certain purposes. These include:
 Commentary
 Criticism
 Reporting
 Research
 Teaching

Guidelines for fair use:

• Most of the content you create must be your own.
• Give credit to the copyright holder.
• Do not make money off the copyrighted work.

CREATIVE COMMONS

It is an American non-profit organization devoted to expanding the range

of creative works available for others to build upon legally and to share.
The organization has released several copyright licenses known as
Creative Commons licenses free of charge to the public.