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Unit-7

Unit 7

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23 views22 pages

Unit-7

Unit 7

Uploaded by

yogipanchal179
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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1

Unit-7
Polyphase circuits
Prepared by:
Jigar Sarda
M & V Patel Department of Electrical Engineering
[email protected]
2

• The generator producing a single-phase supply has only one


armature winding.
• But if the generator is arranged to have three separate but
identical winding displaced 120 degree apart and rotate in a
common magnetic field, it produces three voltages of same
magnitude and frequency but displaced by 120 degree
electrical from one another. This is called a three-phase
system.
3

1. Constant Power:- In a single phase system, output power varies


sinusoidally at a frequency twice the supply frequency.
 This pulsating nature of current is harmful to some applications
whereas the balanced 3-phase system supplies constant current at all
instants of time.
2. Self start:- The 3-phase systems are self starting as they do not
require any starting device.
 However, single phase systems require starting device.
4

3. Greater output:- The power generated by a 3-phase system is


greater than that of a single phase system for a given volume and
weight of the generator.
 This is the distinct advantages over the single phase generator
4. More economical:- The 3-phase system is much smaller and less
expensive than single phase system because less material is required
for a given output power at a given voltage.
5

5. Less voltage drop:- The voltage drop from the generator to the load
is less in a 3-phase system in comparison to the single-phase system
6. Power transmission economics:- The conductor material required
to transmit a given power at a given voltage of material required in
single phase system.
 This means a saving in material and strength of transmitting towers.
7. High Efficiency:- The 3-phase motors are efficient and have a
higher power factor than single phase motors of the same capacity.
 In three phase system, there are three voltages having same
magnitude and frequency displaced by an electrical angle of
120 degree.
 They are attaining their positive maximum value in a
particular order.
 The order in which voltages in the three-phase attain their
maximum positive value is known as phase sequence.
 The emf across each winding is called
phase voltage.
 They are denoted by 𝐸𝑅𝑁 , 𝐸𝑌𝑁 and
𝐸𝐵𝑁 .
 The voltage between any two lines is
called line voltage.
 They are represented by 𝑉𝑅𝑌 , 𝑉𝑌𝐵 and
𝑉𝐵𝑅 respectively.
 Similarly currents flowing in the each
winding is known as the phase current
and current flowing in each line is
called the line current.
 Since the system is balanced,

 Relation between line current and phase current:


 Relation between line voltage and phase voltage:
 It is seen from figure that in star connection, there are two phase
windings between each pair of line terminals.
 Since similar ends of these two winding are connected together, the
emfs across them oppose each other and their instantaneous values
will have opposite polarities.
 Therefore the rms value of line voltage between any two lines will be
obtained by the vector difference of the two phase voltages.
 The phasor diagram of the phase emfs and currents in a star connected
system is shown below:
 Line voltage between terminals R and Y,

 Hence it is clear that in a star connected system, the line voltage is obtained as the
vector difference of the two corresponding phase voltages.
 This is shown in fig below, for examples 𝑉𝑅𝑌 is found by adding 𝑉𝑅𝑁 and 𝑉𝑌𝑁
reversed and its magnitude is given by the diagonal of the parallelogram.
 Since side of the parallelogram are of equal length and angle
between two phase voltages is 60 degree.
 The line voltage is given by,
 The emf across each winding is called
phase voltage.
 They are denoted by 𝐸𝑅 , 𝐸𝑌 and 𝐸𝐵 .
 The voltage between any two lines is
called line voltage.
 They are represented by 𝑉𝑅𝑌 , 𝑉𝑌𝐵 and
𝑉𝐵𝑅 respectively.
 Similarly currents flowing in the each
winding is known as the phase current
and current flowing in each line is
called the line current.
 Since the system is balanced,

 Relation between line voltage and phase voltage:


 Relation between line current and phase current:
 It is seen from figure that current flowing in each line is the vector
difference of the two phase currents.
 Current in line 1,
 Current in line 2,
 Current in line 3,
 Current in line l can be found as the vector difference of the two corresponding
phase currents. This is shown in fir below:
 𝐼𝐿1 can be obtained by adding 𝐼𝑅 and 𝐼𝐵 reversed and its value is given by the
diagonal of the parallelogram as shown in vector diagram.
 Since the sides of parallelogram are equal in magnitude and the angle between them
is 60 degree, the line current is given as:
 The total power in the 3-phase circuit is equal
to the arithmetic sum of three phase power.
 Hence,
1. A 415 V, 3-phase voltage is applied to a balanced star-connected 3-phase load of
phase impedance (3+j4) ohms each. Calculate (i) line current and (ii) total power
supplied in kW.
Solution:- star connection
2. A balanced mesh-connected load of 6+j8 ohms per phase is connected to a 3-
phase, 230 V supply. Find the line current, p.f and power.
Solution:- Connection Delta
3. Three similar coils each of resistance 15 ohms and inductance of 0.25 H are
connected (i) in star and (ii) in delta to a 3-phase, 400 V, 50 Hz supply. Calculate
line and phase values of current and voltage in both the cases. Also calculate the
power absorbed.
Solution:- ,

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