NEET-2022 Ultimate Crash Course

CHEMISTRY
Solutions

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 Important Points to Remember
 Ideal Solution
Solutions which obey Raoult’s Law
(I) H mix  0, (II) Vmix  0, the A–B intermolecular interactions are the same as A–A and B–B inter-
molecular interactions.
Examples:1) benzene and toluene 2) ethyl bromide and ethyl chloride
Non Ideal Solution
Solutions which do not obey Raoult's law, (I) H mix  0 (II) Vmix  0 .
(i) Showing positive deviations : For such solutions
1) A–B inter-molecular interactions are weaker than A–A and B–B intermolecular interactions 2) H mix
is +ve 3) Vmix is +ve
Examples: 1) Carbon tetrachloride + benzene
2) Carbon tetrachloride + chloroform
(ii) Showing negative deviations : For such solutions 1) A–B intermolecular interactions are stronger
than A–A and B–B intermolecular interactions 2) H mix is –ve 3) Vmix is –ve.
Examples: 1) Chloroform + Acetone 2) Chloroform + Benzene
 Azeotropic Mixture with Minimum Boiling Point
It is formed by liquids showing positive deviation. An intermediate composition of liquids having
highest vapour pressure, hence lowest boiling point gives this azeotrope. Such azeotropes have boiling
points lower than either of the pure component e.g. Rectified spirit (ethanol 95.5% +H2O 4.50%) bpt
351.5 K.
 Azeotropic Mixture with Maximum Boiling Point
It is formed by liquids showing negative deviation. An intermediate composition of liquids having
minimum vapour pressure, hence highest boiling point gives this azeotrope. Such azeotropes have
boiling points higher than either of the pure components e.g. Water and HNO3 (HNO3 68% +
H2O 32%) bpt 393.5K.
 Raoult’s law
PS  PA  PB  PA0 x A  PB0 x B  1  x B PA0  PB0 x B  PB0  PA0 x B  PA0
P 0  PS n A WA  M B
 
P0 n B M A  WB
Here, PS = Total pressure
P or P = vapour pressure in pure state of component A or B, x or x = mole fraction of component A
0
A
0
B
A B
or B nA and nB = no. of moles of solute and solvent wA and wB are the masses and MA and MB are the
molar masses of the solute and solvent respectively.
Tb  K b m,
 Elevation in boiling point where, m = Molality
Kb = Boiling point elevation constant or Ebullioscopic constant
 Depression in freezing point, Tf  K f m
 w A g  
 m  Molality   1000 
 M A g / mol  w B g  
 The most frequently used semipermeable membrane in laboratory is that of copper ferrocyanide, Cu2
[Fe(CN)6] because it is very strong and can withstand very high pressure. Remember that
semipermeable membrane of Cu2[Fe(CN)6] does not work in non-aqueous solutions because it gets
dissolved is non-aqueous solvents. Other synthetic semipermeable membrane is that of calcium
phosphate. Natural semipermeable membranes are parchment paper, cell wall, pig’s bladder etc.
 Colligative  Number of particles
properties  Number of molecules (in case of non-electrolytes)
 Number of ions (in case of electrolytes)
 Number of moles of solute
 Mole fraction of solute

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 i = Normal molar mass / Observed molar mass = Observed colligative property/ Normal colligative
property
i = Observed osmotic pressure/ Normal osmotic pressure
= Total number of particles after association/dissociation/No. of particles before
association/dissociation
i 1
  i  1   
n
degree of association n  1 and degree of dissociation n 1

Topic-wise analysis of NEET 2014-2021

Topic/year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 201 2019 202 2020 202
9 (Orissa) 0 (covid) 1
T1: Solubility and 1
Concentration
of Solutions
T2: Vapour Pressure, Laws of 1 1 2 2 1 1 1
Solutions and Ideal, Non-
Ideal Solutions
T3: Colligative Properties and 1 2 1 1 1 1 1
Abnormal Molecular Masses
NEET 8 Years at a Glance
1. If molality of the dilute solutions is doubled, the value of molal depression constant (Kf) will be : [2017]
1) halved 2) tripled 3) unchanged 4) doubled
2. Which of the following statement about the composition of the vapour over an ideal 1 : 1 molar mixture
of benzene and toluene is correct? Assume that the temperature is constant at 25°C. (given : Vapour
Pressure Data at 25°C, benzene = 12.8 kPa, toluene = 3.85 kPa) [2016]
1) The vapour will contain a higher percentage of benzene
2) The vapour will contain a higher percentage of toluene
3) The vapour will contain equal amounts of benezene and toluene
4) Not enough information is given to make a predication
3. At 100 °C the vapour pressure of a solution of 6.5g of a solute in 100 g water is 732 mm. If Kb = 0.52,
the boiling point of this solution will be [2016]
1) 101 °C 2) 100 °C 3) 102 °C 4) 103 °C
4. Which one of the following electrolytes has the same value of van't Hoff's factor (i) as that of the Al2(SO
4)3 (if all are 100% ionised)? [2015]
1) K3[Fe(CN)6] 2) Al(NO3)3 3) K4[Fe(CN)6] 4) K2SO4
5. The boiling point of 0.2 mol kg–1 solution of X in water is greater than equimolal solution of Y in water.
Which one of the following statements is true in this case? [2015]
1) Molecular mass of X is greater than the molecular mass of Y.
2) Molecular mass of X is less than the molecular mass of Y.
3) Y is undergoing dissociation in water while X undergoes no change.
4) X is undergoing dissociation in water.
6. Which one is not equal to zero for an ideal solution: [2015]
  
1) Smix 2) Vmix 4) H mix
P P P
3) observed Raoult

7. Of the following 0.10 m aqueous solutions, which one will exhibit the largest freezing point depression?
[2014]
1) KCl 2) C6H12O6 3) Al2(SO4)3 4) K2SO4
8. For an ideal solution, the correct option is :- [2019]
 
(1) mix S = 0 at constant T and P (2) mix V  0 at constant T and P
 
(3) mix H = 0 at constant T and P (4) mix G = 0 at constant T and P
9. The mixture that forms maximum boiling azeotrope is : [2019]
(1) Water + Nitric acid (2) Ethanol + Water (3) Acetone + Carbon disulphide (4) Heptane + Octane
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10. Which of the following statements is correct regarding a solution of two compounds A and B exhibiting
positive deviation from ideal behaviour? [2019 ODISSA]
(1) Intermolecular attractive forces between A-A and B-B are stronger than those between A-B.
 
(2) mix H = 0 at constant T and P (3) mix V = 0 at constant T and P
(4) Intermolecular attractive forces between A-A and B-B are equal to those between A-B.
11. In water saturated air the mole fraction of water vapour is 0.02. If the total pressure of the saturated air is
1.2 atm, the partial pressure of dry air is : ? [2019 ODISSA]
(1) 1.18 atm (2) 1.76 atm (3) 1.176 atm (4) 0.98 atm
12. The density of 2 M aqueous solution of NaOH is 1.28 g/cm3. The molality of the solution is
[Given that molecular mass of NaOH = 40 g mol–1] [2019 ODISSA]
(1) 1.20 m (2) 1.56 m (3) 1.67 m (4) 1.32 m
13. If 8g of a non-electrolyte solute is dissolved in114 g of n-octane to reduce its vapour pressure to 80%, the
molar mass (in g mol–1) of the solute is [Given that molar mass of n-octane is 114 g mol–1].
[2020 COVID-19]
(1) 40 (2) 60 (3) 80 (4) 20
14. Isotonic solutions have same [2020 COVID-19]
(1) vapour pressure (2) freezing temperature (3) osmotic pressure (4) boiling temperature
15. The mixture which shows positive deviation from Raoult’s law is : [2020]
1. Chloroethane + Bromoethane 2. Ethanol + Acetone
3. Benzene + Toluene 4. Acetone + Chloroform

16. The freezing point depression constant

K 
f
of benzene is 5.12 K kg mol . The freezing point
1

depression for the solution of molality 0.078 m containing a non-electrolyte solute in benzene is
(rounded off upto two decimal places) [2020]
1) 0.60 K 2) 0.20 K 3) 0.80 K 4) 0.40 K

17. The following solutions were prepared by dissolving 10 g of glucose

C6 H12O6  in 250 ml of water
P1 , 10 g urea CH 4 N 2O  in 250 ml of water P2  and 10 g of sucrose C12 H 22O11  in 250 ml of water
P3  .The right option for the decreasing order of osmotic pressure of these solutions is : [NEET-2021]
P  P2  P3 P  P3  P1 P  P1  P2 P  P1  P3
1. 1 2. 2 3. 3 4. 2
18. The correct option for the value of vapour pressure of a solution at 45C with benzene to octane in molar
ratio 3 : 2 is: [NEET-2021]

[At 45C vapour pressure of benzene is 280 mm Hg and that of octane is 420 mm Hg. Assume Ideal
gas]
1) 168 mm of Hg 2) 336 mm of Hg 3) 350 mm of Hg 4) 160 mm of Hg

LEVEL-1
TOPIC 1: Solubility and Concentration of Solutions
1. When the solute is present in trace quantities the following expression is used
1) gram per million 2) milligram percent
3) microgram percent 4) parts per million
2. Which one of the following gases has the lowest value of Henry’s law constant?
1) N2 2) He 3) H2 4) CO2
3. Equal moles of water and urea are taken in a flask. What is mass percentage of urea in the solution ?
1) 7.692% 2) 9.2% 3) 76.92% 4) 0.7692%
4. What is the normality of a 1 M solution of H3PO4 ?
1) 0.5 N 2) 1.0 N 3) 2.0 N 4) 3.0 N
5. Molarity of liquid HCl will be, if density of solution is 1.17 gm/cc
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 1) 36.5 M 2) 32.05 M 3) 18.25 M 4) 42.10 M
6. An X molal solution of a compound in benzene has mole fraction of solute equal to 0.2. The value of X
is
1) 14 2) 3.2 3) 1.4 4) 2
7. 1 M, 2.5 litre NaOH solution is mixed with another 0.5 M, 3 litre NaOH solution. Then find out the
molarity of resultant solution
1) 0.80 M 2) 1.0 M 3) 0.73 M 4) 0.50 M
8. In acidic medium, the equivalent weight of K2Cr2O7
(Mol. wt. = M) is
1) M 2) M/2 3) M/3 4) M/6
9. The mole fraction of the solute in one molal aqueous solution is:
1) 0.009 2) 0.018 3) 0.027 4) 0.036
10. 10 g of NaCl is dissolved in 106g of the solution. Its concentration is
1) 100 ppm 2) 0.1 ppm 3) 1 ppm 4) 10 ppm
11. Which of the following substances will lose its solubility with increase in temperature?
1) NaOH 2) Na2CO3 3) Na2SO4 4) All
12. 2.5 litres of NaCl solution contain 5 moles of the solute. What is the molarity?
1) 5 molar 2) 2 molar 3) 2.5 molar 4) 12.5 molar
13. Which of the following factor do not affect solubility of solid solute in liquid?
1) Temperature 2) Pressure 3) Nature of solute 4) All of these
TOPIC 2: Vapour Pressure, Laws of Solutions and Ideal, Non-Ideal Solutions
14. For a dilute solution, Raoult's law states that
1) the lowering of vapour pressure is equal to the mole fraction of solute.
2) the relative lowering of vapour pressure is equal to the mole fraction of solute.
3) the relative lowering of vapour pressure is proportional to the amount of solute in solution.
4) the vapour pressure of the solution is equal to the mole fraction of solvent.
15. If p° and p are vapour pressures of solvent and its solution, respectively, 1 and  2 are mole fractions
s
of solvent and solute, respectively, then
p 0  ps 1

p  p0 / 2 p 0  ps  p 0  2 p  p02 ps 1   2
1) s 2) 3) s 4)
16. The normal boiling point of water is 373 K. Vapour pressure of water at temperature T is 19 mm Hg. If
enthalpy of vaporisation is 40.67 kJ/mol, then temperature T would be
(Use : log 2 = 0.3, R : 8.3 JK–1 mol–1):
1) 250 K 2) 291.4 K 3) 230 K 4) 290 K
17. For a binary ideal liquid solution, the total vapour pressure of the solution is given as:
Ptotal  PA0  PA0  PB0 x B Ptotal  PB0  PA0  PB0 x A
1) 2)
P  PB0  PB0  PA0 x A P  PB0  PB0  PA0 x B
3) total 4) total
18. Moles of Na2SO4 to be dissolved in 12 mole water to lower its vapour pressure by 10 mm Hg at a
temperature at which vapour pressure of pure water is 50 mm is:
1) 1.5 mole 2) 2 mole 3) 1 mole 4) 3 mole
19. Equimolar solutions in the same solvent have
1) different boiling and different freezing points. 2) same boiling and same freezing points.
3) same freezing point but different boiling points. 4) same boiling point but different freezing points.
20. The solubility of common salt is 36.0 g in 100 g of water at 20 °C. If systems I, II and III contain 40.0,
36.0 and 20.0 g of the salt added to 100.0 g of water in each case, the vapour pressures would be in the
order:
1) I < II < III 2) I > II > III 3) I = II > III 4) I = II < III
21. The vapour pressure of two liquids P and Q are 80 and 60 torr, respectively. The total vapour pressure of
solution obtained by mixing 3 mole of P and 2 mole of Q would be
1) 72 torr 2) 140 torr 3) 68 torr 4) 20 torr
22. A mixture of components A and B will show –ve deviation when
1) Vmix  0 2) H mix  0
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 3) A–B interaction is weaker than A–A and B– B interactions.
4) A–B interaction is stronger than A–A and B–B interactions.
23. At the state of dynamic equilibrium, for solute + solvent ƒ solution.
1) Rate of dissolution = Rate of unsaturation. 2) Rate of dissolution = Rate of unsaturation.
3) Rate of dissolution = Rate of saturation 4) Rate of crystallization = Rate of saturation.
24. The value of P° for benzene is 640 mm of Hg. The vapour pressure of solution containing 2.5g
substance in 39g benzene is 600mm of Hg the molecular mass of X is –
1) 65.25 2) 130 3) 40 4) 80
25. An ideal solution is formed when its components
1) have no volume change on mixing 2) have no enthalpy change on mixing
3) both (1) and (2) are correct 4) neither (1) nor (2) is correct
26. For which of the following parameters the structural isomers C2H5OH and CH3OCH3 would be expected
to have the same values?(Assume ideal behaviour)
1) Boiling points 2) Vapour pressure at the same temperature
3) Heat of vaporization 4) Gaseous densities at the same temperature and pressure

27. Which one of the following is non-ideal solution

1) Benzene + toluene 2) n-hexane + n-heptane
3) Ethyl bromide + ethyl iodide 4) CCl4 + CHCl3

TOPIC 3:Colligative Properties and Abnormal Molecular Masses

28. When common salt is dissolved in water
1) the melting point of the solution increases. 2) the boiling point of solution decreases.
3) both melting point and boiling point decrease. 4) the boiling point of the solution increases.
29. Camphor is often used in molecular mass determination because
1) it is readily available. 2) it has a very high cryoscopic constant.
3) it is volatile. 4) it is solvent for organic substances.
30. The normal boiling point of the solution is the temperature at which the vapour pressure of the solution
is –
1) equal to 1 torr 2) equal to 76 mm Hg 3) equal to 2.0 atm 4) equal to 1 atm
31. When solid SnO2 is added to an aqueous solution of NaOH, the
1) vapour pressure is lowered. 2) vapour pressure is raised.
3) osmotic pressure is increased. 4) boiling point is raised.
32. The vapour pressure of a dilute solution of non-volatile solute is P and the VP of a pure solvent is P°.
The lowering of the VP is
1) + ve 2) – ve 3) P/P° 4) P°/P
33. 12 g of a nonvolatile solute dissolved in 108 g of water produces the relative lowering of vapour
pressure of 0.1. The molecular mass of the solute is
1) 80 2) 60 3) 20 4) 40
34. If a thin slice of sugar beet is placed in concentrated solution of NaCl, then
1) sugar beet will lose water from its cells. 2) sugar beet will absorb water from solution.
3) sugar beet will neither absorb nor lose water. 4) sugar beet will dissolve in solution.
35. Which salt shows maximum osmotic pressure in its 1 M solution.
1) AgNO3 2) Na2SO4 3) (NH4)3PO4 4) MgCl2
36. The osmotic pressure of a sugar solution at 24 °C is 2.5 atm. The concentration of the solution in mole
per litre is
1) 10.25 2) 1.025 3) 1025 4) 0.1025
37. Which has the maximum osmotic pressure at temperature T ?
1) 100 mL of 1 M urea solution.
2) 300 mL of 1 M glucose solution.
3) Mixture of 100 mL of 1 M urea solution and 300 mL of 1 M glucose solution.
4) All are isotonic.
38. Which one of the following is a colligative property ?
1) Boiling point 2) Vapour pressure
3) Osmotic pressure 4) Freezing point
39. Which one of the following aqueous solutions will exhibit highest boiling point?
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 1) 0.015 M urea 2) 0.01 M KNO3 3) 0.10 M Na2SO4 4) 0.015 M glucose
40. When a solution containing non-volatile solute freezes, which equilibrium would exist?
1) solid solvent ƒ liquid solvent 2) solid solute ƒ liquid solution
3) solid solute ƒ liquid solvent 4) solid solvent ƒ liquid solution
41. Which of the following aqueous solution has minimum freezing point ?
1) 0.01 m NaCl 2) 0.005 m C2H5OH 3) 0.005 m MgI2 4) 0.005 m MgSO4.
42. A solution containing 1.8 g of a compound (empirical formula CH2O) in 40 g of water is observed to
freeze at – 0.465 °C. The molecular formula of the compound is (Kf of water =1.86 kg K mol–1):
1) C2H4O2 2) C3H6 3) C4H8O4 4) C6H12O6
43. Freezing point of the following equilibrium,
liquid solvent ƒ solid solvent is:
H  G H G S
1) TS 2) S 3) S 4) H
44. The freezing point of equimolal aqueous solutions will be highest for:
1) C6H5NH3Cl 2) Ca(NO3)2 3) La (NO3)2 4) C6H12O6
45. In a 0.5 molal solution of KCl, KCl is 50% dissociated. The freezing point of solution will be (Kf = 1.86
k kg mol–1):
1) 274.674 K 2) 271.60 K 3) 273 K 4) None of these
46. In a 0.2 molal aqueous solution of a weak acid HX the degree of dissociation is 0.25. The freezing point
of the solution will be nearest to: (Kf = 1.86 K kg mol–1)
1) – 0.26 °C 2) 0.465 °C 3) – 0.48 °C 4) – 0.465 °C
47. Which one of the following statements is false ?
1) The correct order of osmotic pressure for 0.01 M aqueous solution of each compound is BaCl2 > KCl
>CH3COOH > sucrose.
2) Isotonic solutions are those solutions which have the same osmotic pressure.
3) Raoult's law states that the vapour pressure of a component over a solution is proportional to its mole
fraction in liquid state.
4) Two sucrose solutions of same molality prepared in different solvents will have the same freezing
point depression.
48. 0.1 molal aqueous solution of an electrolyte AB3 is 90% ionised. The boiling point of the solution at 1

atm is :
K 
b H2O 
 0.52K kg mol1 
1) 273.19 K 2) 374.92 K 3) 376.4 K 4) 373.19 K
49. In the case of osmosis, solvent molecules move from :
1) higher vapour pressure to lower vapour pressure.
2) higher concentration to lower concentration.
3) lower vapour pressure to higher vapour pressure.
4) higher osmotic pressure to lower osmotic pressure.
50. Which of the following solutions will have maximum osmotic pressure? (Assume 90% dissociation of
each salt):
1) Decinormal aluminium sulphate 2) Decinormal barium chloride solution
3) Decinormal sodium sulphate solution
4) Solution of equal volumes of decinormal barium chloride and decinormal sodium sulphate solutions
51. At 25°C, the highest osmotic pressure is exhibited by 0.1 M solution of
1) CaCl2 2) KCl 3) glucose 4) urea
52. Osmotic pressure of blood is 7.40 atm, at 27 °C. Number of moles of glucose to be used per litre for an
intravenous injection that is to have same osmotic pressure of blood is:
1) 0.3 2) 0.2 3) 0.1 4) 0.4
53. The freezing point of 1% solution of lead nitrate in water will be
1) 2°C 2) 1°C 3) 0°C 4) below 0°C
54. If the elevation in boiling point of a solution of 10 g of solute (mol. wt. = 100) in 100 g of water is  Tb
, the ebullioscopic constant of water is

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 Tb
1) 10 2) 10  Tb 3)  Tb 4) 10
55. The boiling point of a solution of 0.11 g of a substance in 15 g of ether was found to be 0.1 °C higher
than that of pure ether. The molecular weight of the substance will be
(Kb = 2.16 °K kg mol–1)
1) 148 2) 158 3) 168 4) 178
56. The rise in the boiling point of a solution containing 1.8 g of glucose in 100 g of solvent is 0.1°C. The
molal elevation constant of the liquid is
1) 0.01 K/m 2) 0.1 K/m 3) 1 K/m 4) 10 K/m
57. An aqueous solution freezes at –0.186 °C (Kf = 1.86, Kb = 0.512) what is the elevation in boiling point?
1) 0.186 °C 2) 0.512 °C 3) 0.86 °C 4) 0.0512 °C
58. At temperature 327 °C and concentration C, osmotic pressure of a solution is P, the same solution at
concentration C/2 and at temperature 427 °C shows osmotic pressure of 2 atm, value of P will be
1)12/7 2) 24/7 3)6/5 4)5/6
59. The relationship between osmotic pressure at 273 K when 10g glucose (P1), 10 g urea (P2), and 10g
sucrose (P3) are dissolved in 250 ml of water is
1) P1 > P2 > P3 2) P3 > P1 > P2 3) P2 > P1 > P3 4) P2 > P3 > P1

60. Consider the following statements

I : Osmosis takes place with increase of entropy.
II : Osmosis is a non-spontaneous process.
III : Free energy decreases during osmosis.
Which of the above is/are correct?
1) I only 2) I and II 3) II and III 4) I and III
61. For an electrolyte, elevation of B.P. is directly proportional to
1) molarity 2) molality 3) mole fraction 4) All of these
62. The molecular weight of benzoic acid in benzene as determined by depression in freezing point method
corresponds to
1) ionization of benzoic acid. 2) dimerization of benzoic acid.
3) trimerization of benzoic acid. 4) solvation of benzoic acid.
63. Blood cells retain their normal shape in solution which are
1) hypotonic to blood 2) isotonic to blood 3) hypertonic to blood 4) equinormal to blood.
64. Which of the following pairs of solution are isotonic at the same temperature ?
1) 0.1 M Ca(NO3)2 and 0.1 M Na2SO4 2) 0.1 M NaCl and 0.1 M Na2SO4
3) 0.1 M urea and 0.1 M MgCl2 4) 0.2 M urea and 0.1 M NaCl
65. The van’t Hoff factor i for a compound which undergoes dissociation in one solvent and association in
other solvent is respectively
1) less than one and greater than one. 2) less than one and less than one.
3) greater than one and less than one. 4) greater than one and greater than one.
66. Van’t Hoff factor is given by the expression ________.
Normal molar mass Abnoral molar mass
i i
Abnoral molar mass Normal molar mass
1) 2)
Observed Colligative property
i
Calculated colligative property
3) 4) both 1) and 3)
67. If  is the degree of dissociation of Na2SO4, the Vant Hoff’s factor (i) used for calculating the
molecular mass is
1) 1 +  2) 1 –  3) 1 + 2  4) 1 – 2 
68. The correct order of osmotic pressure of 0.01M aqueous solution of the following is
1) Sucrose > CH3COOH > KC1 2) CH3COOH > Sucrose > KC1
3) Sucrose > KC1 > CH3COOH 4) KC1 > CH3COOH > Sucrose
69. Which one of the following salts will have the same value of van’t Hoff factor (i) as that of K4[Fe(CN)6
].

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 1) Al2(SO4)3 2) NaCl 3) Al(NO3)3 4) Na2SO4.
70. Consider the following statements
1. Isotonic solutions have the same molar concentration at a given temperature
2. The molal elevation constant Kb is a characteristic of a solvent, and is independent of the solute added
3. The freezing point of a 0.1 M aqueous KCl solution is more than that of a 0.1 M aqueous AlCl3
solution.
Which of these statements is correct?
1) 1 and 2 2) 2 and 3 3) 1 and 3 4) 1, 2 and 3
LEVEL – 2
1. For an ideal binary liquid solution with PA° > PB° ,which relation between xA (mole fraction of A in
liquid phase) and yA (mole fraction of A in vapour phase) is correct ?
yA x A yA x A
 
yB x B yB x B
1) y < y
A B 2) x > X
A B 3) 4)
2. Formation of a solution from two components can be considered as
(i) Pure solvent  separated solvent molecules, H1
(ii) Pure solute  separated solute molecules, H 2
H 3
(iii) Separated solvent & solute molecules  solution,
Solution so formed will be ideal if
H so ln  H 3  H1  H 2 H so ln  H1  H 2  H 3
1) 2)
H so ln  H1  H 2  H 3 H so ln  H1  H 2  H 3
3) 4)
3. The volume of 4 N HCl and 10 N HCl required to make 1 litre of 6 N HCl are
1) 0.75 litre of 10 N HCl and 0.25 litre of 4 N HCl
2) 0.50 litre of 4 N HCl and 0.50 litre of 10 N HCl
3) 0.67 litre of 4 N HCl and 0.33 litre of 10 N HCl
4) 0.80 litre of 4 N HCl and 0.20 litre of 10 N HCl
4. The mole fraction of water in 20% aqueous solution (By weight) of H2O2 is
1)77/68 2)68/77 3) 20/80 4) 80/20
5. Dissolution of a solute is an exothermic process if
1) hydration energy > lattice energy 2) hydration energy < lattice energy
3) hydration energy = lattice energy 4) none of the above
6. Which solution would exhibit abnormal osmotic pressure?
1) Aqueous solution of urea 2) Aqueous solution of common salt
3) Aqueous solution of glucose 4) Aqueous solution of sucrose
7. An ideal solution contains two volatile liquids A (P° = 100 torr) and B (P° = 200 torr). If mixture
contain 1 mole of A and 4 mole of B then total vapour pressure of the distillate is:
1) 150 2) 180 3) 188.88 4) 198.88
8. Vapour pressure of solution containing 2 mol of liquid A
( PA = 80torr ) and 3 mol of liquid B ( PB = 100torr ) is 87 torr. We can conclude that
0 0

1) there is negative deviation from Raoult’s law

2) boiling point is higher than that expected for ideal solution
3) molecular attractions between unlike molecules are stronger than those between like molecules
4) all of these statements are correct
9. Liquids A and B form an ideal solution and the former has stronger intermolecular forces. If XA and X'A
are the mole fractions of A in the solution and vapour in equilibrium, then
X 'A X 'A X 'A
1 1 1
4) X A  X A  1
XA XA XA '
1) 2) 3)
10. At high altitudes the boiling point of water decreases because:
1) atmospheric pressure is low 2) temperature is low
3) atmospheric pressure is high 4) none of the above
11. The substances whose solubility decreases with increase in temperature:
1) Ca(OH)2 2) Na2CO3 3) Na2SO4 4) all of these
9 | Page
12. The vapour pressure at a given temperature of an ideal solution containing 0.2 mol of a non-volatile
solute and 0.8 mol of solvent is 60 mm of Hg. The vapour pressure of the pure solvent at the same
temperature is
1) 150 mm of Hg 2) 60 mm of Hg 3) 75 mm of Hg 4) 120 mm of Hg
13. Select correct statement?
1) Heats of vaporisation for a pure solvent and for a solution are similar because similar intermolecular
forces between solvent molecules must be overcome in both cases.
2) Entropy change between solution and vapour is smaller than the entropy change between pure solvent
and vapour.
3) Boiling point of the solution is larger than that of the pure solvent.
4) All are correct statements.
14. For 1 molal solution of each compound minimum freezing point will be assuming complete ionisation
in each case:
1) [Fe (H2O)6]Cl3 2) [Fe (H2O)5Cl]Cl2H2O
3) [Fe (H2O)4Cl2]Cl . 2H2O 4) [Fe (H2O)3Cl3] . 3H2O
15. A 0.010 g sample of Cr(NH3)4(SO4)Cl is dissolved in 25.0 mL of water and the osmotic pressure of the
solution is 59.1 torr at 25 °C. How many moles of ions are produced per mole of compound?
1) 1 2) 4 3) 2 4) 3
16. In cold countries, ethylene gylcol is added to water in the radiators of cars during winters. It results in:
1) lowering in boiling water 2) reducing viscosity
3) reducing specific heat 4) lowering in freezing point
17. Among the following substances, the lowest vapour pressure is exerted by:
1) water 2) mercury 3) kerosene 4) rectified spirit
18. The correct equation for the degree of association ' a ' of an associating solute, 'n' molecules of which
undergoes association in solution, is
n i  1 i n  1 i 1  n  i n  1
   
1) 1 n 2) 1 n 3) 1 n 4) n 1 a
19. Osmotic pressure of a solution at a given temperature
1) increases with concentration 2) decreases with concentration
3) remains same 4) initially increases and then decreases
20. Each pair forms ideal solution except
1) C2H5 B r and C2H5I 2) C6H5Cl and C6H5Br
3) C6H6 and C6H5.CH3 4) C2H5I and C2H5OH
21. The relationship between the values of osmotic pressure of 0.1 M solutions of KNO3(P1) and CH3
COOH(P2) is :
P1 P2

1) P1  P2 P1  P2 2) P1  P2 3) P2  P1 4) P1  P2
22. In countries nearer to polar region, the roads are sprinkled with CaCl2. This is
1) to minimise the snow fall 2) to minimise pollution
3) to minimise the accumulation of dust on the road 4) to minimise the wear and tear of the roads
23. If the various terms in the given below expressions have usual meanings, the van’t Hoff factor (i) cannot
be calculated by which one of the following expressions?
Psolvent
0
 Psolution  n 
 i 
1) V  inRT 2) Tf  iK f m
Tb  iK b m Psolvent  Nn
0
3) 4)
24. A 0.001 molal solution of [Pt(NH3)4Cl4] in water had a freezing point depression of 0.0054°C. If Kf for
water is 1.80, the correct formulation for the above molecule is
1) [Pt(NH3)4 Cl3]Cl 2) [Pt(NH3)4 Cl2]Cl2 3) [Pt(NH3)4 Cl]Cl3 4) [Pt(NH3)4 Cl4]
25. Which of the following has the lowest freezing point?
1) 0.1 m sucrose 2) 0.1 m urea 3) 0.1 m ethanol 4) 0.1 m glucose
26. Which has the minimum freezing point ?
1) One molal NaCl aq. Solution 2) One molal CaCl2 aq. solution
3) One molal KCl aq. Solution 4) One molal urea aq. solution
27. Sodium sulphate is soluble in water, while barium sulphate is sparingly soluble because:
1) the hydration energy of sodium sulphate is more than its lattice energy
10 | Page
 2) the lattice energy of barium sulphate is less than the hydration energy
3) the lattice energy has no role to play in solubility
4) the hydration energy of sodium sulphate is less than its lattice energy.
28. Molal elevation constant of a liquid is
1) the elevation in b.p. which would be produced by dissolving one mole of solute in 100 g of solvent
2) the elevation of b.p. which would be produced by dissolving 1 mole solute in 10 g of solvent.
3) elevation in b.p. which would be produced by dissolving 1 mole of solute in 1000 g of solvent.
4) none of the above
29. Which of the following statement is correct if the intermolecular forces in liquids A, B and C are in the
order A < B < C?
1) B evaporates more readily than A 2) B evaporates less readily than C
3) A and B evaporates at the same rate 4) A evaporates more readily than C
30. The molal cryoscopic constant for water is:
1) 1.86 K molality–1 2) 5.26 K molality–1
3) 55.5 K molality–1 4) 0.52 K molality–1

ANSWER KEY
NEET 8 Years at a Glance
1) 3 2) 1 3) 1 4) 3 5) 4 6) 1 7) 3 8) 3 9) 1 10) 1
11) 3 12) 3 13) 1 14) 3 15) 2 16) 4 17) 4 18) 2
LEVEL-1
1) 4 2) 4 3) 3 4) 4 5) 2 6) 2 7) 3 8) 4 9) 2 10) 4
11) 4 12) 2 13) 2 14) 2 15) 2 16) 2 17) 2 18) 4 19) 2 20) 4
21) 1 22) 4 23) 2 24) 4 25) 3 26) 4 27) 4 28) 4 29) 2 30) 4
31) 2 32) 1 33) 3 34) 1 35) 3 36) 4 37) 4 38) 3 39) 3 40) 4
41) 1 42) 4 43) 2 44) 4 45) 2 46) 4 47) 4 48) 4 49) 1 50) 1
51) 1 52) 1 53) 4 54) 3 55) 2 56) 3 57) 4 58) 2 59) 3 60) 4
61) 2 62) 2 63) 2 64) 1 65) 3 66) 4 67) 3 68) 4 69) 1 70) 4
LEVEL-2
1) 3 2) 2 3) 3 4) 2 5) 1 6) 2 7) 3 8) 4 9) 3 10) 1
11) 4 12) 3 13) 4 14) 1 15) 3 16) 4 17) 2 18) 1 19) 1 20) 4
21) 2 22) 1 23) 1 24) 2 25) 3 26) 2 27) 1 28) 3 29) 4 30) 1

Hints and Solutions

NEET 8 Years at a Glance
1. 3) K f (molal depression constant) only depends on the nature of the solvent and is independent of the
concentration of the solution.
2. 1) Let us consider that A is benzene and B is toluene 1 : 1 molar mixture of A and B
1 1
 x A  and x B 
2 2
Total pressure of solution (P) = PA x A  PB x B
0 0

11 | Page
 1
1 1 12.8 
PA0 x A 2  0.768
12.8   3.85   8.325kPa YA  
P= 2 2 ; P 8.325
 y B  1  y A  1  0.768  0.232
so, the vapour will contain higher percentage of benzene.
3. 1)

K 4  Fe CN 6  € 4K    Fe CN 6 


4. 3)
Al SO 4 3  2Al3  3SO 24
And 2
 van’t Hoff factor is 5 for both
Al 2 SO 4 3 and K 4  Fe CN 6 
Tb  iK b m
5. 4)
Tb x  Tb y
Given
ix K bm  iyK bm
(Kb is same for same solvent)
ix  iy
So, x is undergoing dissociation in water
6. 1) For an ideal solution Smix  0
Al SO 4 3
7. 3) Colligative properties  no. of particles since 2 contains maximum number of particles,
hence will have the largest value of freezing point depression.
H 0
8. 3)For an ideal solution, mix

9. 1)Maximum boiling azeotrope are formed by solutions which show negative deviation from ideal
behaviour. Water + Nitric acid shows negative deviation.
10. 1)

11. 3)

12 | Page
12. 3)
13. 1) Assuming dilute solution,

14. 3) Isotonic solutions have same osmotic pressure.

15. 2)Ethanol + Acetone mixture shows positive deviation from Raoult’s law

 tF  K f  m  5.12  0.078
16. 4) ; Depression in = 0.4K ; Freezing point

17. 4)  = i.C.R.T
1

molecular weight P  P1  P3
; 2

C6 H 6 C8 H18
n1  3 n2  2
18. 2)
P1  280 mm P2  420 mm
3 2
 280   420 
P  P1 X 1  P2 X 2 5 5 = 168 + 168= 336 mm of Hg

LEVEL – 1
1. (4) For very dil. solution the concentration is expressed in ppm.
2. (4) According to Henry’s law the mass of a gas dissolved per unit volume of solvent is proportional to
the pressure of the gas at constant temperature m = K p i.e. as the solubility increases, value of Henry’s
law constant decreases. Since CO2 is most soluble in water among the given set of gases.
3. (3) From molarity equation
M1V1  M 2 V2  M 3 V1  V2 
1 2.5  0.5  3  M 3  5.5
4
M3   0.73M
5.5
H PO
4. 4) 3 4 is tribasic so N  3M  3  1N  3N
Mass
d
5. 2) Density = 1.17 gm/cc (given) as Volume
Volume = 1cc  Mass = d = 1.17g
No.of moles 1.17  1000 1170
   32.05M
36.5  1
Molarity = Volume in litre 36.5
6. 2) Relation between molality and mole fraction is

13 | Page
 1000  x 2 1000  0.2
m   3.2
x1M1 0.8  78
Thus, X(m) = 3.2
7. 3) From molarity equation
M1V1  M 2 V2  M 3 V1  V2 
1 2.5  0.5  3  M 3  5.5
4
M3   0.73M
5.5
K 2 Cr2 O 7
8. 4) In acidic medium, undergo reduction as follows:
6 3
K 2 Cr2 O 7  14HCl  2KCl  2 CrCl3  7H 2 O  3Cl 2
Change in oxidation states = 6 –3 = 3
 Net change = 2  3  6 [Two Cr atoms are involved]
 Eq wt. per unit of K 2 Cr2 O 7  M / 6
9. 2) One molal solution means one mole of solute is present in 1 kg (1000 g) solvent
i.e., mole of solute = 1
H 2O  
1000g 1000

Mole of solvent 18g 18
1 18
  0.018
 1000  1008
1  
Mole fraction of solute =  18 
Mass of solute
ppm   106
Mass of solution
10. 4)
10
 ppm  6  106  10 ppm
10
11. 4) All get dissolved with the evolution of heat.
No.of moles of solute 5
Molarity    2M
Volume in litres 2.5
12. 2)
13. 2) An increase in temperature of the solution increases the solubility of a solid solute.
The amount of solute that dissolve depends on what type of solute it is.
For solids and liquid solutes, changes in pressure have practically no effect on solubility.
P0  P
P  Psolution x solvent  x solute
P0
0
14. 2) solution ;
p 0  Ps

15. 2) P Mole fraction of solute =  2
0

16. 2)

P  PA0 x A  PB0 x B  PB0  x A PA0  PB0 Q x B  1  x A 

17. 2)

14 | Page
 P 0  P 10 n
  n  3
18. 4) P
0
50 n  12
19. 2) Equimolar solutions of normal solutes in the same solvent will have the same b. p and same f. p.
20. 4) Solutions in cases I and II are saturated and that in III is unsaturated.
21. 1) Given V. PP = 80 torr
V. PP = 80 torr
 3 2
Ptotal  V.PP  x p  V.PQ  x Q  80   60    16  3  12  2
 5 5
Ptotal  48  24  72torr
22. 4) A solution containing A and B components shows negative deviation when A–A and B–B interactions
are weaker than that of A–B interactions. For such solutions.
H   ve and V   ve
23. 2) Number of solute particles going into solution will be equal to the solute particles separating out and
a state of dynamic equilibrium is reached.
solute  solvent ƒ solution
i.e., rate of dissolution = rate of crystallization
P0  P n2

P 0
n1  n 2
24. 4)
640  600 25.5 / m

640 39 / 78
640  78  2.5
m  80
39  40
Vmixing  0 and H mixing  0
25. 3) For ideal solution,
26. 4) Gaseous densities of ethanol and dimethyl ether would be same at same temperature and pressure.
The heat of vaporisation, V.P. and b.pts will differ due to H-bonding in ethanol.
27. 4)
28. 4) Addition of a solute increases the boiling point of solution.
29. 2) Solvent having high cryoscopic constant (camphor) can be used in determination of molecular masses
of organic compounds like naphthalene, anthracene etc., by cryoscopic method.
30. 4) Boiling temperature is a temperature at which vapour pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure
when external pressure is equal to 1 atm.
2Na  aq   2OH  aq   SnO 2 s   2Na  aq   SnO32 aq   H 2 O
31. 2)
The number of ions decreases in the ratio of 4 to 3, and so also the colligative property.
32. 1) Lowering is always positive
P o  Ps n w M 12 18 12  18
   0.1   m  20
33. 3) P
o
N m W; m 108 ; 0.1 108
34. 1) Osmosis occurs from dilute solution to concentrated solution, i.e., exosmosis.
35. 3) Osmotic pressure  no. of ions
NH 4 3 PO4 gives maximum ions. Hence its osmotic pressure is maximum
36. 4)   CRT  2.5  C  0.0821 297
 C  0.1025mol L1
37. 4)   MRT
i)   RT ; ii)   RT ; iii)   RT (mix has concentration = 1M)
38. 3) Osmotic pressure is a colligative property
39. 3) B.P.  moles of non-volatile solute.
40. 4) Liquid solution ƒ solid solvent
41. 1) Tf  i  K f  m

15 | Page
 Van’t Hoff factor, i = 2 for NaCl, m = 0.01 hence Tf  0.02K f which is maximum in the present case.
Hence Tf is maximum or freezing point is minimum.
1.8 / x 
0.465  1.86    103 
42. 4)  40 
x  180g / mol  C 6 H12 O 6
H
Tf 
43. 2) S
44. 4) Depression in freezing point, Tf  iK f m . The value of van't Hoff factor (i) is minimum for the
glucose, which is a non-electrolyte. Hence, aqueous solution of glucose has highest freezing point.
KCl ƒ K   Cl
45. 2) 1    
Total number of particles at e.g.
1        1    1  0.5 Tf  ikfm
Tf  1  0.5  1.86  0.5  1.395
 Tf  273  1.395  271.60
46. 4) i  1    1.25
Tf  K f .m.i  1.86  0.2  1.25 or Tf  0.465 or Tf  0.4650 C
K f m as K f , Tf  
47. 4) Depression in freezing point =
K f depends upon the solvent
48. 4)

49. 1) In osmosis, solvent molecules move from lower concentration (higher vapour pressure) to higher
concentration (Lower vapour pressure)
50. 1)   i [Equal concentration]
Aluminium sulphate Al2(SO4)3 (i = 5),
Barium chloride BaCl2(i = 3),
51. (1) Concentration of particles in CaCl2 solution will be maximum as i = 3 for CaCl2 and i = 2 for KCl.
Glucose and Urea do not dissociate into ions, as they are nonelectrolytes.
7.4  n  0.0821 300
52. 1)  n  0.3
53. 4) Addition of solute to water decreases the freezing point of water (pure solvent).
 When 1% lead nitrate (solute) is added to water, the freezing point of water will be below 0°C.
K  100  100
Tb  b  Tb
54. 3) 10  1000
K  w  1000 2.16  0.11 1000
M b   158.4
Tb  W 0.1 15
55. 2)
0.1 180  100
Kb   1K / m
56. 3) 1.8  1000
57. 4) 0.186  1.86  m; m  0.1;

16 | Page
 Tb  0.512  0.1  0.05120 C
58. 2) V  CRT
1 C1T1

2 C 2 T2
C
1  P, 2  2atm.C1  C, C2 
2
T1  600K, T2  700K
P 2  C  600 24
 ;P 
2 C  700 7
59. 3)

60. 4) Osmosis is a spontaneous process

G  0  which takes place with S  0  (due to transfer of
solvent in 70 solution)
Tb  K b  i  m
61. 2)
Tb 
Where Elevation in boiling point
Kb 
molal elevation constant
i  vant Hoff factor
 Tb 
molality
62. 2) Benzoic acid exists as dimer in benzene.
63. 2) Blood cells neither swell nor shrink in isotonic solution. As isotonic solutions have equal
concentration therefore there is no flow of solvent occurs and hence solvent neither enters nor flow out
of the blood cells.
64. 1) The solution which provide same number of ions are isotonic.
Ca NO3 2  Ca 2  2NO3
Total ions produced = 3
Na 2SO 4  2Na   SO 24 
Total ions produced = 3
 0.1M Ca NO3 2
and 0.1 M Na 2SO 4 are isotonic
65. 3) If compound dissociates in solvent i > 1 and on association i < 1.
66. 4)
67. 3)

68. 4) Osmotic pressure is directly proportional to the number of particles in the solution. KCl will
dissociate completely in the solution, while CH3COOH and sucrose are weak electrolyte. Hence correct
order will be :
KCl  CH 3COOH  Sucrose
69. 1)

70. 4) All the statements are correct

LEVEL - 2
1. 3)

17 | Page
 H mixing  0
2. 2) For an ideal solution,
 H   H1   H 2   H 3
(According to Hess’s Law) i.e., for ideal solutions, there is no change in
magnitude of the attractive forces in the two components present.
3. 3) N1V1  N 2 V2  NV
4x  10 1  x   6  1; 6x  4; x  0.67
Thus 0.67 litre of 4N HCl
1  x  1  0.67  0.33 litre of 10 N HCl
80
18 68
H 2O  
80 20 77

4. 2) Mole fraction of 18 34
H solution  H hydration  H lattice energy
5. 1)
H h   ve
H1   ve
6. 2) Common salt dissociates to furnish ions
1 4
PAo x A  PBo x B  100   200   180torr
7. 3) 5 5
PAo x A 20 1 8
  , YB 
y A (composition of vapour phase) = P 180 9 9

For condensation y A  x A ; y B  x B ;
1 1

Ptotal  PAo x1A  PB x1B ;

1 8
Ptotal  100    200  188.88torr
9 9
2 3
80   100   92torr
8. P o
4) For ideal solution vapour pressure of solution = A Ax  P o
x
B B = 5 5 Since
observed vapour pressure of solution < ideal vapour pressure, the solution shows negative deviation.
p po x x po
x 'A  A  A A  A  A  1
p p xA p
9. 3)
(since the liquid A is less volatile, p A  P )
o

10. 1) The boiling occurs at lower temperature if atmospheric pressure is lower than 76 cm Hg.
11. 4) All get dissolved with evolution of heat

18 | Page
12. 3) According to Raoult's law
po  p
 xB
po

 0.2 1
 x B  Mole fraction of solute  0.2  0.8  5 
 
 p  60mm of Hg 

po  p 1 60  5
 or 4p o  p  5  p o   75mm of Hg
p o
5 4
13. 4)

14. 1) Maximum ions minimum Tf

59.1   100
 0.0821 298 n 
0.01
 
760  52  4  17  96  35.5  25
15. 3)
n  2
16. 4) Addition of glycol lowers the freezing point of water and thus, glycol water mixture is used as
antifreezer in radiators of cars.
17. 2) Hg has higher attractive forces among molecules
18. 1) Consider following association reaction,

19. 1) According to Boyle-van't Hoff law,

  C (at constant temp)

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 C 2 H 5 OH
20. 4) shows H-bonding as well as polarity both

KNO3
21. 2) is a strong electrolyte which dissociates into two ions. Therefore, its van’t Hoff factor is 2.

Acetic Acid
CH3COOH  is a weak electrolyte, it does not dissociate completely. So, its van’t Hoff
KNO3
factor is less than that of .
 osmotic pressure of 0.1M KNO3  CH 3COOH or P1  P2
Osmotic pressure of 0.1M
22. 1) CaCl2 acts as a non-volatile solute and results in depression in freezing point. Thus, snow fall is
reduced and prevents blocking of roads in the polar region.

23. 1)Van’t Hoff equation is V  inRT

For depression in freezing point. Tf  i  K f  m

Tb  i  K b  m
For elevation in boiling point
Psolvent
o
 Psolution  n 
 i 
Psolvent  Nn
o
For lowering of vapour pressure,

24. 2) Tf  i.K f .m;0.0054  i  1.8  0.001

i  3 so it is  Pt NH 3 4 Cl 2  Cl 2

25. 3) From the relation, Tf  iK f m, it is evident that Tf  i . Since i is maximum for ethanol (others are

non electrolytes), Tf (depression in freezing point) will be maximum for 2 5

C H OH
and hence freezing
point will be minimum for ethanol solution
26. 2) Among the given options, CaCl2 solution will produce maximum (three) ions per molecule, so it will
show minimum freezing point.
27. 1) An ionic compound having H1  H h is insoluble in water
28. 3)
29. 4) Lesser the intermolecular forces, the more the volatile character.
30. 1) It is the numerical value. It changes with change of solvent.

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