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Chapter: Chapter 7

Learning Objectives

LO 7.1.0 Solve problems related to kinetic energy

LO 7.1.1 Apply the relationship between a particle’s kinetic energy, mass, and speed.
LO 7.1.2 Identify that kinetic energy is a scalar quantity.

LO 7.2.0 Solve problems related to work and kinetic energy

LO 7.2.1 Apply the relationship between a force (magnitude and direction) and the work done on
a particle by the force when the particle undergoes a displacement.
LO 7.2.2 Calculate work by taking a dot product of the force vector and the displacement vector,
in either magnitude-angle or unit-vector notations.
LO 7.2.3 If multiple forces act on a particle, calculate the net work done by them.
LO 7.2.4 Apply the work–kinetic energy theorem to relate the work done by a force and the
resulting change in kinetic energy.

LO 7.3.0 Solve problems related to work done by the gravitational force

LO 7.3.1 Calculate the work done by the gravitational force when an object is lifted or lowered.
LO 7.3.2 Apply the work–kinetic energy theorem to situations where an object is lifted or
lowered.

LO 7.4.0 Solve problems related to work done by a spring force

LO 7.4.1 Apply the relationship (Hooke’s law) between the force on an object by a spring, the
stretch or compression of the spring, and the spring constant of the spring.
LO 7.4.2 Identify that a spring force is a variable force.
LO 7.4.3 Calculate the work done on an object by a spring force by integrating the force from the
initial position to the final position of the object or by using the known generic result of that
integration.
LO 7.4.4 Calculate the work by graphically integrating on a graph of force versus position of the
object.
LO 7.4.5 Apply the work–kinetic energy theorem to situations in which an object is moved by a
spring force.

LO 7.5.0 Solve problems related to work done by a general variable force

LO 7.5.1 Given a variable force as a function of position, calculate the work done by it on an
object by integrating the function from the initial to the final position of the object, in one or
more dimensions.
LO 7.5.2 Given a graph of force versus position, calculate the work done by graphically
integrating from the initial to the final position of the object.
LO 7.5.3 Convert a graph of acceleration versus position to a graph of force versus position.
LO 7.5.4 Apply the work–kinetic energy theorem to situations where an object is moved by a
variable force.
LO 7.6.0 Solve problems related to power
LO 7.6.1 Apply the relationship between average power, the work done by a force, and the time
interval in which that work is done.
LO 7.6.2 Given the work as a function of time, find the instantaneous power.
LO 7.6.3 Determine the instantaneous power by taking the dot product of the force vector and an
object’s velocity vector, in magnitude-angle and unit-vector notations.

Multiple Choice

1. Which of the following bodies has the largest kinetic energy?

A) Mass 3M and speed V
B) Mass 3M and speed 2V
C) Mass 2M and speed 3V
D) Mass M and speed 4V
E) All four of the above have the same kinetic energy

Ans: C
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-1
Learning Objective 7.1.1

2. Two trailers, X with mass 500 kg and Y with mass 2000 kg, are being pulled at the same
speed. The ratio of the kinetic energy of Y to that of X is:
A) 1:1
B) 2:1
C) 4:1
D) 9:1
E) 1500:1

Ans: C
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-1
Learning Objective 7.1.1

3. An 8000-N car is traveling at 12 m/s along a horizontal road when the brakes are applied.
The car skids to a stop in 4.0 s. How much kinetic energy does the car lose in this time?
A) 4.8  104 J
B) 5.9  104 J
C) 1.2  105 J
D) 5.8  105 J
E) 4.8  106 J

Ans: B
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-1
Learning Objective 7.1.1

4. An object is constrained by a cord to move in a circular path of radius 0.5m on a horizontal

frictionless surface. The cord will break if its tension exceeds 16N. The maximum kinetic
energy the object can have is:
A) 4 J
B) 8 J
C) 16 J
D) 32 J
E) 64 J

Ans: A
Difficulty: M
Section: 7-1
Learning Objective 7.1.1

5. The weight of an object on the moon is one-sixth of its weight on the Earth. The ratio of the
kinetic energy of a body on the Earth moving with speed V to that of the same body moving with
speed V on the moon is:
A) 6:1
B) 36:1
C) 1:1
D) 1:6
E) 1:36

Ans: C
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-1
Learning Objective 7.1.1

6. Which of the following is the correct combination of dimensions for energy?

A) MLT
B) LT2 /M
C) ML2/T2
D) M2L3T
E) ML/T2

Ans: C
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-1
Learning Objective 7.1.1

7. Which of the following is NOT a correct unit for work?

A) erg
B) ftlb
C) watt
D) newtonmeter
E) joule

Ans: C
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-2
Learning Objective 7.2.0

8. Which of the following groups does NOT contain a scalar quantity?

A) velocity, force, energy
B) displacement, acceleration, force
C) acceleration, speed, energy
D) energy, force, distance
E) energy, weight, time

Ans: B
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-1
Learning Objective 7.1.2

9. A boy holds a 40-N weight at arm's length for 10 s. His arm is 1.5 m above the ground. The
work done by the force of the boy on the weight while he is holding it is:
A) 0 J
B) 6.1 J
C) 40 J
D) 60 J
E) 90 J

Ans: A
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-2
Learning Objective 7.2.1

10. A crate moves 10 m to the right on a horizontal surface as a woman pulls on it with a 10-N
force. Rank the situations shown below according to the work done by her force, least to
greatest.

A) 1,2,3
B) 2,1,3
C) 2,3,1
D) 1,3,2
E) 3,2,1,

Ans: E
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-2
Learning Objective 7.2.1

11. A 2-kg object is moving at 3 m/s. A 4-N force is applied in the direction of motion and then
removed after the object has traveled an additional 5 m. The work done by this force is:
A) 9 J
B) 18 J
C) 20 J
D) 29 J
E) 38 J

Ans: C
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-2
Learning Objective 7.2.1

12. A sledge (including load) weighs 5000 N. It is pulled on level snow by a dog team exerting
a horizontal force on it. The coefficient of kinetic friction between sledge and snow is 0.05. How
much work is done by the dog team pulling the sledge 1000 m at constant speed?
A) 0 J
B) 2.5  105 J
C) 5.0  105 J
D) 2.5  106 J
E) 5.0  106 J

Ans: B
Difficulty: M
Section: 7-2
Learning Objective 7.2.1

13. Camping equipment weighing 6000 N is pulled across a frozen lake by means of a
horizontal rope. The coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.05. The work done by the campers in
pulling the equipment 1000 m at constant velocity is:
A) 0 J
B) 1.5  105 J
C) 3.0  105 J
D) 2.9  106 J
E) 6.0  106 J
Ans: C
Difficulty: M
Section: 7-2
Learning Objective 7.2.1

14. Camping equipment weighing 6000 N is pulled across a frozen lake by means of a
horizontal rope. The coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.05. How much work is done by the
campers in pulling the equipment 1000 m if its speed is increasing at the constant rate of 0.20
m/s2?
A) –1.2  106 J
B) 1.2  105 J
C) 3.0  105 J
D) 4.2  105 J
E) 4.1  106 J

Ans: D
Difficulty: M
Section: 7-2
Learning Objective 7.2.1

15. A 0.50-kg object moves in a horizontal circular track with a radius of 2.5 m. An external
force of 3.0 N, always tangent to the track, causes the object to speed up as it goes around. The
work done by the external force as the mass makes one revolution is:
A) 7.5 J
B) 24 J
C) 47 J
D) 94 J
E) 120 J

Ans: C
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-2
Learning Objective 7.2.1

16. A crate is initially at rest on a horizontal frictionless table. A constant horizontal force F is
applied. Which of the following five graphs is a correct plot of work W as a function of crate
speed v?
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V

Ans: D
Difficulty: M
Section: 7-2
Learning Objective 7.2.1

17. An object moves in a circle at constant speed. The work done by the centripetal force is
zero because:
A) the displacement for each revolution is zero
B) the average force for each revolution is zero
C) there is no friction
D) the magnitude of the acceleration is zero
E) the centripetal force is perpendicular to the velocity

Ans: E
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-2
Learning Objective 7.2.2

18. An object of mass 1 kg is whirled in a horizontal circle of radius 0.5 m at a constant speed
of 2 m/s. The work done on the object during one revolution is:
A) 0 J
B) 1 J
C) 2 J
D) 4 J
E) 16 J

Ans: A
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-2
Learning Objective 7.2.2

19. A particle moves 5 m in the positive x direction while being acted upon by a constant force
⃗ = (4 N) ̂ + (2 N ̂) – (4 N) . The work done on the particle by this force is:
A) 20 J
B) 10 J
C) –20 J
D) 30 J
E) is impossible to calculate without knowing other forces

Ans: A
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-2
Learning Objective 7.2.2

20. A man pulls a sled along a rough horizontal surface by applying a constant force ⃗ at an
angle above the horizontal. In pulling the sled a horizontal distance d, the work done by the
man is:
A) Fd
B) Fd cos 
C) Fd sin 
D) Fd/cos 
E) Fd/sin 

Ans: B
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-2
Learning Objective 7.2.2

21. A 100-kg piano rolls down a 20° incline. A man tries to keep it from accelerating, and
manages to keep its acceleration to 1.2 m/s2. If the piano rolls 5 m, what is the net work done on
it by all the forces acting on it?
A) 60 J
B) 100 J
C) 600 J
D) 1000 J
E) 4900 J

Ans: C
Difficulty: M
Section: 7-2
Learning Objective 7.2.3

22. An 8-N block slides down an incline. It has an initial speed of 7 m/s. The work done by the
resultant force on this block is:
A) 20 J
B) 28 J
C) 56 J
D) impossible to calculate without more information
E) none of these

Ans: D
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-2
Learning Objective 7.2.3

23. The mechanical advantage of any machine is:

A) the efficiency of the machine
B) the work done by the machine
C) the ratio of the work done by the machine to the work expended on it
D) the ratio of the force exerted by the machine to the force applied to it
E) the ratio of the force applied to the machine to the force exerted by it

Ans: D
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-2
Learning Objective 7.2.0

24. In raising an object to a given height by means of an inclined plane, as compared with
raising the object vertically, there is a reduction in:
A) work required
B) distance pushed
C) friction
D) force required
E) value of the acceleration due to gravity

Ans: D
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-2
Learning Objective 7.2.0

25. Two objects with masses, m1 and m2, have the same kinetic energy and are both moving to
the right. The same constant force ⃗ is applied to the left to both masses. If m1 = 4m2, the ratio
of the stopping distance of m1 to that of m2 is:
A) 1:4
B) 4:1
C) 1:2
D) 2:1
E) 1:1

Ans: E
Difficulty: M
Section: 7-2
Learning Objective 7.2.4

26. At time t = 0 a particle starts moving along the x axis. If its kinetic energy increases
uniformly with t the net force acting on it must be:
A) constant
B) proportional to t
C) inversely proportional to t
D) proportional to √
E) proportional to 1/√

Ans: E
Difficulty: M
Section: 7-2
Learning Objective 7.2.4

27. At time t = 0 a 2-kg particle has a velocity of (4 m/s) ̂ – (3 m/s) ̂. At t = 3 s its velocity is
(2 m/s) ̂ + (3 m/s) ̂. During this time the work done on it was:
A) 4 J
B) –4 J
C) –12 J
D) –40 J
E) (4 J) ̂ + (36 J) ̂

Ans: C
Difficulty: M
Section: 7-2
Learning Objective 7.2.4

28. A particle starts from rest at time t = 0 and moves along the x axis. If the net force on it is
proportional to t, its kinetic energy is proportional to:
A) t
B) t2
C) t4
D) 1/t2
E) none of the above

Ans: C
Difficulty: H
Section: 7-2
Learning Objective 7.2.4

29. The velocity of a particle moving along the x axis changes from vi to vf. For which values
of vi and vf is the total work done on the particle positive?
A) vi = 5m/s, vf = 2m/s
B) vi = 5m/s, vf = –2m/s
C) vi = –5m/s, vf = –2m/s
D) vi = –5m/s, vf = 2m/s
E) vi = –2m/s, vf = –5m/s

Ans: E
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-2
Learning Objective 7.2.4

30. The amount of work required to stop a moving object is equal to the:
A) velocity of the object
B) kinetic energy of the object
C) mass of the object times its acceleration
D) mass of the object times its velocity
E) square of the velocity of the object

Ans: B
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-2
Learning Objective 7.2.4

31. A 5.0-kg cart is moving horizontally at 6.0 m/s. In order to change its speed to 10.0 m/s, the
net work done on the cart must be:
A) 20 J
B) 40 J
C) 90 J
D) 160 J
E) 400 J

Ans: D
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-2
Learning Objective 7.2.4

32. A 4-kg cart starts up an incline with a speed of 3 m/s and comes to rest 2 m up the incline.
The total work done on the cart is:
A) –6 J
B) –8 J
C) –12 J
D) –18 J
E) impossible to calculate without more information

Ans: D
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-2
Learning Objective 7.2.4
33. A Boston Red Sox baseball player catches a ball of mass m that is moving toward him with
speed v. While bringing the ball to rest, his hand moves back a distance d. Assuming constant
deceleration, the horizontal force exerted on the ball by his hand is:
A) mv/d
B) mvd
C) mv2/d
D) 2mv/d
E) mv2/(2d)

Ans: E
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-2
Learning Objective 7.2.4

34. A 0.50-kg object moves in a horizontal circular track with a radius of 2.5 m. An external
force of 3.0 N, always tangent to the track, causes the object to speed up as it goes around. If it
starts from rest its speed at the end of one revolution is:
A) 5.5 m/s
B) 14 m/s
C) 15 m/s
D) 18 m/s
E) 21 m/s

Ans: B
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-2
Learning Objective 7.2.4

35. A 0.50-kg object moves on a horizontal frictionless circular track with a radius of 2.5 m.
An external force of 3.0 N, always tangent to the track, causes the object to speed up as it goes
around. If it starts from rest, then at the end of one revolution the radial component of the force
of the track on it is:
A) 19 N
B) 38 N
C) 47 N
D) 75 N
E) 96 N

Ans: B
Difficulty: M
Section: 7-2
Learning Objective 7.2.4

36. An 80-N crate slides with constant speed a distance of 5.0 m downward along a rough
slope that makes an angle of 30 with the horizontal. The work done by the force of gravity is:
A) –400 J
B) –200 J
C) –69 J
D) 200 J
E) 400 J

Ans: D
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-3
Learning Objective 7.3.1

37. A 1-kg block is lifted vertically 1 m at constant speed by a boy. The work done by the boy
is about:
A) 1 ft lb
B) 1 J
C) 10 J
D) 0.1 J
E) 0 J

Ans: C
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-3
Learning Objective 7.3.1

38. The work done by gravity during the descent of a projectile is:
A) positive
B) negative
C) zero
D) depends for its sign on the direction of the y axis
E) depends for its sign on the direction of both the x and y axes

Ans: A
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-3
Learning Objective 7.3.1

39. A man pulls a 100-N crate up a frictionless 30 slope 5 m high as shown. Assuming that
the crate moves at constant speed, the work done by the man is:

A) –500 J
B) –250 J
C) 0 J
D) 250 J
E) 500 J

Ans: E
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-3
Learning Objective 7.3.1

40. A man pushes an 80-N crate a distance of 5.0 m upward along a frictionless slope that
makes an angle of 30 with the horizontal. His force is parallel to the slope. If the speed of the
crate decreases at a rate of 1.5 m/s2, then the work done by the man is:
A) –200 J
B) 61 J
C) 140 J
D) 200 J
E) 400 J

Ans: C
Difficulty: M
Section: 7-3
Learning Objective 7.3.1

41. A man pushes an 80-N crate a distance of 5.0 m upward along a frictionless slope that
makes an angle of 30 with the horizontal. The force he exerts is parallel to the slope. If the
speed of the crate is constant, then the work done by the man is:
A) –200 J
B) 61 J
C) 140 J
D) 200 J
E) 260 J

Ans: D
Difficulty: M
Section: 7-3
Learning Objective 7.3.1

42. A man moves the 10-g object shown in a vertical plane at a constant speed from position X
to position Y along a circular track of radius 20 m. The process takes 0.75 min. The work done
by the man is about:
A) 1J
B) 2J
C) 4J
D) 6J
E) 12 J

Ans: C
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-3
Learning Objective 7.3.1

43. A woman lifts a barbell 2.0 m in 5.0 s. If she lifts it the same distance in 10 s, the work
done by her is:
A) four times as great
B) two times as great
C) the same
D) half as great
E) one-fourth as great

Ans: C
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-3
Learning Objective 7.3.1

44. A line drive to the shortstop is caught at the same height as it was originally hit. Over its
entire flight the work done by gravity and the work done by air resistance, respectively, are:
A) zero; positive
B) zero; negative
C) positive; negative
D) negative; positive
E) negative; negative

Ans: B
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-3
Learning Objective 7.3.2

45. A baseball is hit high into the upper bleachers of left field. Over its entire flight the work
done by gravity and the work done by air resistance, respectively, are:
A) positive; positive
B) positive; negative
C) negative; positive
D) negative; negative
E) unknown since vital information is lacking

Ans: D
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-3
Learning Objective 7.3.2

46. A block is attached to the end of an ideal spring and moved from coordinate xi to
coordinate xf. The relaxed position is at x = 0. The work done by spring is positive if:
A) xi = 2 cm and xf = 4 cm
B) xi = –2 cm and xf = 4 cm
C) xi = –2 cm and xf = –4 cm
D) xi = 2 cm and xf = –4 cm
E) xi = –4 cm and xf = –2 cm

Ans: E
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-4
Learning Objective 7.4.1

47. An ideal spring, with a pointer attached to its end, hangs next to a scale. With a 100-N
weight attached, the pointer indicates "40" on the scale as shown. Using a 200-N weight instead
results in "60" on the scale. Using an unknown weight X instead results in "30" on the scale. The
weight of X is:

A) 20 N
B) 30 N
C) 40 N
D) 50 N
E) 75 N

Ans: D
Difficulty: M
Section: 7-4
Learning Objective 7.4.1
48. A spring of spring constant k is attached to a block of mass m. The spring moves the block
through a displacement x. How can you calculate how much work the spring does on the block?
A) Multiply the spring force, kx, by the distance x.
B) Multiply the spring force, ½ kx2, by the distance x.
C) Integrate the spring force, kx, over the distance x.
D) Integrate the spring force, ½ kx2, over the time it takes the block to move.
E) You cannot calculate this without knowing the acceleration of the block.

Ans: C
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-4
Learning Objective 7.4.2

49. This plot shows an object being moved by a series of forces. Which segments of the motion
could have been caused by fixed springs?

A) None of the segments could represent work being done by springs.

B) Any of the segments could represent work being done by springs.
C) Segments A and C only.
D) Segments B and D only.
E) Segment A only.

Ans: C
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-4
Learning Objective 7.4.2

50. An ideal spring is hung vertically from the ceiling. When a 2.0-kg mass hangs at rest from
it, the spring is extended 6.0 cm from its relaxed length. A downward external force is now
applied to the mass to extend the spring an additional 10 cm. While the spring is being extended
by the force, the work done by the spring is:
A) –3.6 J
B) –3.3 J
C) –1.0 J
D) 3.3 J
E) 3.6 J

Ans: A
Difficulty: M
Section: 7-4
Learning Objective 7.4.3

51. Three identical springs (X, Y, Z) are arranged as shown. When a 4.0-kg mass is hung on X,
the mass descends 3.0 cm. When a 6.0-kg mass is hung on Y, the mass descends:

A) 2.0 cm
B) 4.0 cm
C) 4.5 cm
D) 6.0 cm
E) 9.0 cm

Ans: E
Difficulty: M
Section: 7-4
Learning Objective 7.4.3

52. An ideal spring is hung vertically from the ceiling. When a 2.0-kg mass hangs at rest from
it, the spring is extended 6.0 cm from its relaxed length. An upward external force is then applied
to the block to move it upward a distance of 16 cm. While the block is being raised by the
force, the work done by the spring is
A) –1.0 J
B) –0.52 J
C) –0.26 J
D) 0.52 J
E) 1.0 J

Ans: A
Difficulty: M
Section: 7-4
Learning Objective 7.4.3

53. When a certain rubber band is stretched a distance x, it exerts a restoring force of
magnitude F = Ax, where A is a constant. The work done by a person in stretching this rubber
band from x = 0 to x = L is:
A) AL2
B) AL
C) A + 2L2
D) A/L
E) AL2/2

Ans: E
Difficulty: M
Section: 7-4
Learning Objective 7.4.3

54. In the plot shown of force vs. distance, approximately how much work is done in moving an
object from x = 5 m to x = 15 m?

A) 10 J
B) 55 J
C) 125 J
D) 275 J
E) cannot be calculated without knowing the mass of the object

Ans: D
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-4
Learning Objective 7.4.4

55. A 2-kg block is attached to a horizontal ideal spring with a spring constant of 200 N/m.
When the spring has its equilibrium length the block is given a speed of 5 m/s. What is the
maximum elongation of the spring?
A) 0 m
B) 0.5 m
C) 5 m
D) 10 m
E) 100 m
Ans: B
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-4
Learning Objective 7.4.5

56. A 1.5 kg crate falls from a height of 2.0 m onto an industrial spring scale with a spring
constant of 1.5  105 N/m. At its greatest compression the reading on the scale is:
A) 15 N
B) 29 N
C) 1.5  103 N
D) 2.1  103 N
E) 3.0  103 N

Ans: E
Difficulty: M
Section: 7-4
Learning Objective 7.4.5

57. When a certain rubber band is stretched a distance x, it exerts a restoring force F = ax +
bx2, where a and b are constants. The work done in stretching this rubber band from x = 0 to x =
L is:
A) aL2 + bLx3
B) aL + 2bL2
C) a + 2bL
D) bL
E) aL2/2 + bL3/3

Ans: E
Difficulty: M
Section: 7-5
Learning Objective 7.5.1

58. The plot shows the force on an object as it moves from x = 0 m to x = 20 m. How much work
is done on the object?
A) 40 J
B) 90 J
C) 200 J
D) 450 J
E) 750 J

Ans: D
Difficulty: E
Section: 7.5
Learning Objective 7.5.2

59. A particle moving along the x axis is acted upon by a single force F = F0e–kx, where F0 and
k are constants. The particle is released from rest at x = 0. It will attain a maximum kinetic
energy of:
A) F0/k
B) F0/ek
C) kF0
D) 1/2(kF0)2
E) kekF0

Ans: A
Difficulty: M
Section: 7-5
Learning Objective 7.5.4

60. One watt is:

A) 1 kg  m/s3
B) 1 kg  m2/s
C) 1 kg  m2/s3
D) 1 kg  m/s
E) 1 kg  m2/s2

Ans: C
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-6
Learning Objective 7.6.0

61. Power has the dimensions of:

A) ML2/T2
B) MT/L2
C) ML/T2
D) ML2/T3
E) none of these

Ans: D
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-6
Learning Objective 7.6.0

62. An escalator is used to move 20 people (60 kg each) per minute from the first floor of a
department store to the second floor, 5 m above. The power required is approximately:

A) 100 W
B) 200 W
C) 1000 W
D) 2000 W
E) 60,000 W

Ans: C
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-6
Learning Objective 7.6.1

63. A person holds an 80-N weight 2 m above the floor for 30 seconds. The power required to
do this is:
A) 5.3 W
B) 40 W
C) 80 W
D) 160 W
E) none of these

Ans: E
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-6
Learning Objective 7.6.1

64. A 50-N force acts on a 2-kg crate that starts from rest. When the force has been acting for 2
s the rate at which it is doing work is:
A) 100 W
B) 1000 W
C) 2500 W
D) 5000 W
E) 63000 W

Ans: C
Difficulty: M
Section: 7-6
Learning Objective 7.6.2

65. A 50-N force is the only force on a 2-kg crate that starts from rest. At the instant the crate
has gone 2 m the rate at which the force is doing work is:
A) 2.5 W
B) 25 W
C) 75 W
D) 100 W
E) 500 W

Ans: E
Difficulty: M
Section: 7-6
Learning Objective 7.6.2

66. Which of the following five units represents a quantity that is NOT the same type as the
other four?
A) joule
B) erg
C) watt
D) footpound
E) newtonmeter

Ans: C
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-6
Learning Objective 7.6.0

67. Which of the following five quantities is NOT an expression for energy? Here m is a mass,
g is the acceleration due to gravity, h and d are distances, F is a force, v is a speed, a is an
acceleration, P is power, and t is time.
A) mgh
B) Fd
C) 1/2mv2
D) ma
E) Pt

Ans: D
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-6
Learning Objective 7.6.0

68. A watt second is a unit of:

A) force
B) power
C) displacement
D) speed
E) energy

Ans: E
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-6
Learning Objective 7.6.0

69. A watt per hour is a unit of:

A) energy
B) power
C) force
D) acceleration
E) none of these

Ans: E
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-6
Learning Objective 7.6.0

70. A kilowatt hour is a unit of:

A) power
B) energy/time
C) energy
D) power/time
E) force/distance

Ans: C
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-6
Learning Objective 7.6.0

71. A particle starts from rest and is acted on by a net force that does work at a rate that is
proportional to the time t. The speed of the particle is proportional to:
A) √
B) t
C) t2
D) 1/√
E) 1/t

Ans: A
Difficulty: M
Section: 7-6
Learning Objective 7.6.0

72. A force ⃗ = (4.1 N) ̂ + (2.6 N ̂) – (4.7 N) acts on a mass of 2.3 kg as it moves in the x
direction at a speed of 7.2 m/s. What is the rate at which the force is doing work?

A) 8.8 W
B) 16 W
C) 30 W
D) 49 W
E) 60 W

Ans: C
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-6
Learning Objective 7.6.3

73. A mass of 47 kg is moving horizontally as a force of 190 N, directed at 25° below the
horizontal, is exerted on it. When its speed is 7.3 m/s, what is the rate at which the force is doing
work?

A) 0 W
B) 340 W
C) 590 W
D) 1300 W
E) 1400 W

Ans: D
Difficulty: E
Section: 7-6
Learning Objective 7.6.3
Other documents randomly have
different content
Oh! heard ye yon pibroch sound sad in the gale,
Where a band cometh slowly with weeping and wail?
’Tis the Chief of Glenara laments for his dear,
And her sire and the people are called to her bier.

Glenara came first, with the mourners and shroud;

Her kinsmen they followed, but mourned not aloud.
Their plaids all their bosoms were folded around;
They marched all in silence,—they looked on the ground.

In silence they reached, over mountain and moor,

To a heath, where the oak-tree grew lonely and hoar;
“Now here let us place the grey stone of her cairn;
Why speak ye no word?”—said Glenara the stern.

“And tell me, I charge you! ye clan of my spouse,

Why fold ye your mantles, why cloud ye your brows?”
So spake the rude chieftain:—no answer is made,
But each mantle unfolding a dagger displayed.

“I dreamt of my lady, I dreamt of her shroud,”

Cried a voice from the kinsmen all, wrathful and loud:
“And empty that shroud and that coffin did seem;
Glenara! Glenara! now read me my dream!”

Oh! pale grew the cheek of that chieftain, I ween,

When the shroud was unclosed and no lady was seen;
When a voice from the kinsmen spoke louder in scorn,—
’Twas the youth who had loved the fair Ellen of Lorn,—

“I dreamt of my lady, I dreamt of her grief;

I dreamt that her lord was a barbarous Chief;
On a rock of the ocean fair Ellen did seem;
Glenara! Glenara! now read me my dream!”

In dust low the traitor has knelt to the ground;

A d th d t l d h hi l d f d
And the desert revealed where his lady was found;
From a rock of the ocean that beauty is borne,—
Now joy to the house of fair Ellen of Lorn!

Thomas Campbell
 T H E B E G G A R- M A I D

Her arms across her breast she laid;

She was more fair than words can say;
Barefooted came the Beggar-maid
Before the King Cophetua.

In robe and crown the King stept down,

To meet and greet her on her way;
“It is no wonder,” said the Lords,
“She is more beautiful than day.”

As shines the moon in clouded skies,

She in her poor attire was seen;
One praised her ankles, one her eyes,
One her dark hair and lovesome mien.

So sweet a face, such angel grace,

In all that land had never been.
Cophetua sware a royal oath:
“This Beggar-maid shall be my Queen!”

Alfred, Lord Tennyson

LO C H I N VA R
Oh! young Lochinvar is come out of the West;
Through all the wide border his steed was the best;
And save his good broadsword he weapons had none,
He rode all unarmed, and he rode all alone.
So faithful in love, and so dauntless in war,
There never was Knight like the young Lochinvar.

He staid not for brake, and he stopped not for stone,

He swam the Eske river where ford there was none;
But ere he alighted at Netherby gate,
The bride had consented, the gallant came late;
For a laggard in love, and a dastard in war,
Was to wed the fair Ellen of brave Lochinvar.

So boldly he entered the Netherby Hall,

Among bridesmen, and kinsmen, and brothers and all,
Then spoke the bride’s father, his hand on his sword,
—For the poor craven bridegroom said never a word—
“Oh! come ye in peace here, or come ye in war,
Or to dance at our bridal, young Lord Lochinvar?”

“I long wooed your daughter, my suit you denied;—

Love swells like the Solway, but ebbs like its tide—
And now am I come with this lost love of mine,
To lead but one measure, drink one cup of wine,
There are maidens in Scotland more lovely by far,
That would gladly be bride to the young Lochinvar.”

The bride kissed the goblet; the Knight took it up,

He quaffed off the wine, and he threw down the cup.
She looked down to blush, and she looked up tosigh,
With a smile on her lips, and a tear in her eye.
He took her soft hand, ere her mother could bar,—
“Now tread we a measure,” said young Lochinvar.

So stately his form, and so lovely her face,

That never a hall such a galliard did grace;
While her mother did fret, and her father did fume,
And the bridegroom stood dangling his bonnet and plume;
And the bride-maidens whispered, “’T were better by far,
To have matched our fair cousin with young Lochinvar.”

One touch to her hand, and one word in her ear,

When they reached the hall-door, and the charger stood near;
So light to the croupe the fair lady he swung,
So light to the saddle before her he sprung!
“She is won! we are gone, over bank, bush, andscaur;
They’ll have fleet steeds that follow,” quoth young Lochinvar.

There was mounting ’mong Græmes of the Netherby clan;

Forsters, Fenwicks, and Musgraves, they rode and they ran;
There was racing and chasing on Cannobie Lea,
But the lost bride of Netherby ne’er did they see.
So daring in love, and so dauntless in war,
Have ye e’er heard of gallant like young Lochinvar?

Sir Walter Scott

T H E G AY G O SS - H AW K

PA RT I
“O waly, waly, my gay goss-hawk,
Gin your feathering be sheen!”—
“And waly, waly, my master dear,
Gin ye look pale and lean!

“O have ye tint, at tournament,

Your sword, or yet your spear;
Or mourn ye for the southern lass,
Whom ye may not win near?”—

“I have not tint, at tournament,

My sword, nor yet my spear;
But sair I mourn for my true love,
Wi’ mony a bitter tear.

“But weel’s me on ye, my gay goss-hawk,

Ye can baith speak and flee;
Ye sall carry a letter to my love,
Bring an answer back to me.”—

“But how sall I your true love find,

Or how suld I her know?
I bear a tongue ne’er wi’ her spake,
An eye that ne’er her saw.”

“O weel sail ye my true love ken,

Sae sune as ye her see;
For, of a’ the flowers of fair England,
The fairest flower is she.

“The red that’s on my true love’s cheek,

Is like blood-drops on the snaw;
The white that is on her breast bare,
Like the down o’ the white sea-maw.

“And even at my love’s bour-door

Th fl i bi k
 There grows a flowering birk;
And ye maun sit and sing thereon
As she gangs to the kirk.

“And four-and-twenty fair ladyes

Will to the mass repair;
But weel may ye my ladye ken,
The fairest ladye there.”
PART II
Lord William has written a love-letter,
Put it under his pinion gray;
And he is awa to Southern land
As fast as wings can gae.

And even at that ladye’s bour

There grew a flowering birk;
And he sat down and sung thereon
As she gaed to the kirk.

And weel he kent that ladye fair

Amang her maidens free;
For the flower, that springs in May morning,
Was not sae sweet as she.

He lighted at the ladye’s yate,

And sat him on a pin;
And sang fu’ sweet the notes o’ love,
Till a’ was cosh within.

And first he sang a low low note,

And syne he sang a clear;
And aye the o’erword o’ the sang
Was—“Your love can no win here.”

“Feast on, feast on, my maidens a’,

The wine flows you amang,
While I gang to my shot-window,
And hear yon bonny bird’s sang.

“Sing on, sing on, my bonny bird,

The sang ye sung yestreen;
For weel I ken, by your sweet singing,
Ye are frae my true love sen.”

O first he sang a merry sang,

A d h
 And syne he sang a grave;
And syne he pecked his feathers gray,
To her the letter gave.

“Have there a letter from lord William;

He says he’s sent ye three;
He canna wait your love langer,
But for your sake he’ll dee.”—

“Gae bid him bake his bridal bread,

And brew his bridal ale;
And I shall meet him at Mary’s kirk,
Lang, lang ere it be stale.”

The lady’s gane to her chamber,

And a moanfu’ woman was she;
As gin she had ta’en a sudden brash,
And were about to dee.

“A boon, a boon, my father dear,

A boon I beg of thee!”—
“Ask not that paughty Scottish lord,
For him you ne’er shall see.

“But, for your honest asking else,

Weel granted it shall be.”—
“Then, gin I die in Southern land,
In Scotland gar bury me.

“And the first kirk that ye come to,

Ye’s gar the mass be sung;
And the next kirk that ye come to,
Ye’s gar the bells be rung.

“And when ye come to St. Mary’s kirk,

Ye’s tarry there till night.”
And so her father pledg’d his word,
And so his promise plight
And so his promise plight.
P A R T I II
She has ta’en her to her bigly bour
As fast as she could fare;
And she has drank a sleepy draught,
That she had mix’d wi’ care.

And pale, pale grew her rosy cheek,

That was sae bright of blee,
And she seem’d to be as surely dead
As any one could be.

Then spak her cruel step-minnie,

“Tak ye the burning lead,
And drap a drap on her bosome,
To try if she be dead.”

They took a drap o’ boiling lead,

They drapp’d it on her breast;
“Alas! alas!” her father cried,
“She’s dead without the priest.”

She neither chatter’d with her teeth,

Nor shiver’d with her chin;
“Alas! alas!” her father cried,
“There is nae breath within.”

Then up arose her seven brethren.

And hew’d to her a bier;
They hew’d it frae the solid aik,
Laid it o’er wi’ silver clear.

Then up and gat her seven sisters,

And sewed to her a kell;
And every steek that they put in
Sewed to a siller bell.

The first Scots kirk that they cam to,

Th ’d th b ll b
 They garr’d the bells be rung;
The next Scots kirk that they cam to,
They garr’d the mass be sung.

But when they cam to St. Mary’s kirk,

There stude spearmen all on a raw;
And up and started lord William,
The chieftane amang them a’.

“Set down, set down the bier,” he said,

“Let me look her upon:”
But as soon as lord William touch’d her hand,
Her colour began to come.

She brightened like the lily flower,

Till her pale colour was gone;
With rosy cheik, and ruby lip,
She smiled her love upon.

“A morsel of your bread, my lord,

And one glass of your wine;
For I hae fasted these three lang days,
All for your sake and mine.—

“Gae hame, gae hame, my seven bauld brothers,

Gae hame and blaw your horn!
I trow ye wad hae gi’en me the skaith,
But I’ve gi’en you the scorn.

“Commend me to my gray father,

That wished my saul gude rest;
But wae be to my cruel step-dame,
Garr’d burn me on the breast.”—

“Ah! woe to you, you light woman!

An ill death may you dee!
For we left father and sisters at hame
Breaking their hearts for thee ”
Breaking their hearts for thee.
B O N N Y B A B Y L I V I N G S TO N

PA RT I
O Baby Livingston
bonny
Went forth to view the hay,
And by it came him Glenlion,
Sta bonny Baby away.

O first he’s taen her silken coat,

And neest her satten gown,
Syne rowd her in a tartan plaid,
And hapd her round and rown,

He has set her upon his steed

And roundly rode away,
And neer loot her look back again
The live-long summer’s day.

He’s carried her oer hills and muirs

Till they came to a Highland glen,
And there he’s met his brother John,
With twenty armed men.

O there were cows, and there were ewes,

And lasses milking there,
But Baby neer anse lookd about,
Her heart was filld wi care.

Glenlion took her in his arms,

And kissd her, cheek and chin;
Says, “I’d gie a’ these cows and ewes
But ae kind look to win.”

“O ae kind look ye neer shall get,

Nor win a smile frae me,
Unless to me you’ll favour shew,
And take me to Dundee.”

“Dundee, Baby? Dundee, Baby?

D d h ll
 Dundee you neer shall see
Till I’ve carried you to Glenlion
And have my bride made thee.

“We’ll stay a while at Auchingour,

And get sweet milk and cheese,
And syne we’ll gang to Glenlion,
And there live at our ease.”

“I winna stay at Auchingour,

Nor eat sweet milk and cheese,
Nor go with thee to Glenlion,
For there I’ll neer find ease.”

Than out it spake his brother John,

“O were I in your place,
I’d take that lady hame again,
For a’ her bonny face.

“Commend me to the lass that’s kind,

Tho na so gently born;
And, gin her heart I coudna gain,
To take her hand I’d scorn.”

“O had your tongue now, John,” he says,

“You wis na what you say;
For I’ve lood that bonny face
This twelve month and a day.

“And tho I’ve lood her lang and sair

A smile I neer coud win;
Yet what I’ve got anse in my power
To keep I think nae sin.”
PART II
When they came to Glenlion castle,
They lighted at the yate,
And out it came his sisters three,
Wha did them kindly greet.

O they’ve taen Baby by the hands

And led her oer the green,
And ilka lady spake a word,
But bonny Baby spake nane.

Then out it spake her bonny Jean,

The youngest o the three,
“O lady, dinna look sae sad,
But tell your grief to me.”

“O wherefore should I tell my grief,

Since lax I canna find?
I’m stown frae a’ my kin and friends,
And my love I left behind.

“But had I paper, pen, and ink,

Before that it were day,
I yet might get a letter sent
In time to Johny Hay.”

O she’s got paper, pen, and ink,

And candle that she might see,
And she has written a broad letter
To Johny at Dundee.

And she has gotten a bonny boy,

That was baith swift and strang,
Wi philabeg and bonnet blue,
Her errand for to gang.

“O boy, gin ye’d my blessing win

A dh l i d
 And help me in my need,
Run wi this letter to my love,
And bid him come wi speed.

“And here’s a chain of good red gowd,

And gowdn guineas three,
And when you’ve well your errand done,
You’ll get them for your fee.”

The boy he ran oer hill and dale,

Fast as a bird coud flee,
And eer the sun was twa hours height
The boy was at Dundee.

And when he came to Johny’s door

He knocked loud and sair;
Then Johny to the window came,
And loudly cry’d, “Wha’s there?”

“O here’s a letter I have brought,

Which ye maun quickly read,
And, gin ye woud your lady save,
Gang back wi me wi speed.”

O when he had the letter read,

An angry man was he;
He says, “Glenlion, thou shalt rue
This deed of villany!

“O saddle to me the black, the black,

O saddle to me the brown,
O saddle to me the swiftest steed
That eer rade frae the town.

“And arm ye well, my merry men a’,

And follow me to the glen,
For I vow I’ll neither eat nor sleep
Till I get my love again ”
 Till I get my love again.

He’s mounted on a milk-white steed,

The boy upon a gray,
And they got to Glenlion’s castle
About the close of day.

As Baby at her window stood,

The west wind salt did bla;
She heard her Johny’s well-kent voice
Beneath the castle wa.

“O Baby, haste, the window jump!

I’ll kep you in my arm;
My merry men a’ are at the yate,
To rescue you frae harm.”

She to the window fixt her sheets

And slipped safely down,
And Johny catchd her in his arms,
Neer loot her touch the ground.

When mounted on her Johny’s horse,

Fou blithely did she say,
“Glenlion, you hae lost your bride!
She’s aff wi Johny Hay.”
P A R T I II
Glenlion and his brother John
Were birling in the ha,
When they heard Johny’s bridle ring,
As first he rade awa.

“Rise, Jock, gang out and meet the priest,

I hear his bridle ring;
My Baby now shall be my wife
Before the laverocks sing.”

“O brother, this is not the priest;

I fear he’ll come oer late;
For armed men with shining brands
Stand at the castle-yate.”

“Haste Donald, Duncan, Dugald, Hugh!

Haste, take your sword and spier!
We’ll gar these traytors rue the hour
That eer they ventured here.”

The Highland men drew their claymores,

And gae a warlike shout,
But Johny’s merry men kept the yate,
Nae are durst venture out.

The lovers rade the live-lang night,

And safe gat on their way,
And bonny Baby Livingston
Has gotten Johny Hay.

“Awa, Glenlion! fy for shame!

Gae hide ye in some den!
You’ve lettn your bride be stown frae you,
For a’ your armed men.”
HYND HORN
Near the King’s Court was a young child born,
With a hey lillelu and a how lo lan;
And his name it was called Young Hynd Horn,
And the birk and the broom blooms bonnie.

Seven lang years he served the King,

With a hey lillelu and a how lo lan;
And it’s a’ for the sake o’ his daughter Jean,
And the birk and the broom blooms bonnie.

The King an angry man was he,

With a hey lillelu and a how lo lan;
He sent Young Hynd Horn to the sea,
And the birk and the broom blooms bonnie.

Oh! his Love gave him a gay gold ring,

With a hey lillelu and a how lo lan;
With three shining diamonds set therein,
And the birk and the broom blooms bonnie.

“As lang as these diamonds keep their hue,

With a hey lillelu and a how lo lan,
Ye’ll know I am a lover true,
And the birk and the broom blooms bonnie.

“But when your ring turns pale and wan,

With a hey lillelu and a how lo lan,
Then I’m in love with another man,
And the birk and the broom blooms bonnie.”

He’s gone to the sea and far away,

With a hey lillelu and a how lo lan;
And he’s stayed for seven lang years and a day,
And the birk and the broom blooms bonnie:

Seven lang years by land and sea,

With h lill l d h l l
 With a hey lillelu and a how lo lan;
And he’s aften looked how his ring may be,
And the birk and the broom blooms bonnie.

One day when he looked this ring upon,

With a hey lillelu and a how lo lan,
The shining diamonds were pale and wan,
And the birk and the broom blooms bonnie.

He hoisted sails, and hame cam’ he,

With a hey lillelu and a how lo lan;
Hame unto his ain countrie,
And the birk and the broom blooms bonnie.

He’s left the sea and he’s come to land,

With a hey lillelu and a how lo lan;
And the first he met was an auld beggar-man,
And the birk and the broom blooms bonnie.

“What news, what news, my silly auld man?

With a hey lillelu and a how lo lan;
For it’s seven lang years since I saw this land,
And the birk and the broom blooms bonnie.”

“No news, no news,” doth the beggar-man say,

With a hey lillelu and a how lo lan;
“But our King’s ae daughter she’s wedded to-day,
And the birk and the broom blooms bonnie.”

“Wilt thou give to me thy begging coat?

With a hey lillelu and a how lo lan;
And I’ll give to thee my scarlet cloak,
And the birk and the broom blooms bonnie.

“Give me your auld pike-staff, and hat,

With a hey lillelu and a how lo lan;
And ye sall be right weel paid for that,
And the birk and the broom blooms bonnie ”
 And the birk and the broom blooms bonnie.

The auld beggar-man cast off his coat,

With a hey lillelu and a how lo lan,
And he’s ta’en up the scarlet cloak,
And the birk and the broom blooms bonnie.

He’s gi’en him his auld pike-staff and hat,

With a hey lillelu and a how lo lan;
And he was right weel paid for that,
And the birk and the broom blooms bonnie.

The auld beggar-man was bound for the mill,

With a hey lillelu and a how lo lan;
But Young Hynd Horn for the King’s ain hall,
And the birk and the broom blooms bonnie.

When he came to the King’s ain gate,

With a hey lillelu and a how lo lan,
He asked a drink for Young Hynd Horn’s sake,
And the birk and the broom blooms bonnie.

These news unto the bonny bride cam’,

With a hey lillelu and a how lo lan,
That at the gate there stands an auld man,
And the birk and the broom blooms bonnie.

There stands an auld man at the King’s gate,

With a hey lillelu and a how lo lan;
He asketh a drink for Young Hynd Horn’s sake,
And the birk and the broom blooms bonnie.

The Bride cam’ tripping down the stair,

With a hey lillelu and a how lo lan;
The combs o’ fine goud in her hair,
And the birk and the broom blooms bonnie;

A cup o’ the red wine in her hand,

 cup o t e ed e e a d,
With a hey lillelu and a how lo lan;
And that she gave to the beggar-man,
And the birk and the broom blooms bonnie.

Out o’ the cup he drank the wine,

With a hey lillelu and a how lo lan;
And into the cup he dropt the ring,
And the birk and the broom blooms bonnie.

“O gat thou this by sea or by land?

With a hey lillelu and a how lo lan.
Or gat thou it aff a dead man’s hand?
And the birk and the broom blooms bonnie.”

“I gat it neither by sea nor land,

With a hey lillelu and a how lo lan,
Nor gat I it from a dead man’s hand,
And the birk and the broom blooms bonnie.

“But I gat it at my wooing gay,

With a hey lillelu and a how lo lan;
And I gie it to you on your wedding-day,
And the birk and the broom blooms bonnie.”

“I’ll cast aside my satin goun,

With a hey lillelu and a how lo lan.
And I’ll follow you frae toun to toun,
And the birk and the broom blooms bonnie.

“I’ll tak’ the fine goud frae my hair,

With a hey lillelu and a how lo lan,
And follow you forevermair,
And the birk and the broom blooms bonnie.”

He let his cloutie cloak doun fa’,

With a hey lillelu and a how lo lan;
Young Hynd Horn shone above them a’,
 And the birk and the broom blooms bonnie,

The bridegroom thought he had her wed,

With a hey lillelu and a how lo lan;
But she is Young Hynd Horn’s instead,
And the birk and the broom blooms bonnie.

Arranged by William Allingham

YO U N G B E I C H A N A N D S U S I E P Y E

PA RT I