Program:B.

Tech(CSE) IV Semester II Year

CSL-410: Data Science using Python

Unit No. 2
Introduction of NumPy Library

Lecture No. 07

Dr. Sanjay Jain

Associate Professor, CSA/SOET
Outlines
• Introduction of NumPy
• NUMPY − ENVIRONMENT
• NumPy Arrays
• NUMPY − NDARRAY OBJECT
• Create Array
• Examples
• References
 Student Effective Learning Outcomes(SELO)
01: Ability to understand subject related concepts clearly along with
contemporary issues.
02: Ability to use updated tools, techniques and skills for effective domain
specific practices.
03: Understanding available tools and products and ability to use it
effectively.
 Introduction of NumPy

• NumPy is a Python package. It stands for 'Numerical Python'. It is a library

consisting of multidimensional array objects and a collection of routines for
processing of array.
• Numeric, the ancestor of NumPy, was developed by Jim Hugunin. Another
package Numarray was also developed, having some additional
functionalities.
• In 2005, Travis Oliphant created NumPy package by incorporating the
features of Numarray into Numeric package. There are many contributors
to this open source project.

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 Operations using NumPy

• Using NumPy, a developer can perform the following operations:

– Mathematical and logical operations on arrays.
– Fourier transforms and routines for shape manipulation.
– Operations related to linear algebra.
– NumPy has in-built functions for linear algebra and random
number generation.

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 NUMPY − ENVIRONMENT

• Standard Python distribution doesn't come bundled with

NumPy module.
• A lightweight alternative is to install NumPy using popular
Python package installer, pip.
pip install numpy
• The best way to enable NumPy is to use an installable binary
package specific to your operating system.
• These binaries contain full SciPy stack (inclusive of NumPy,
SciPy, matplotlib, IPython, SymPy and nose packages along
with core Python).

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 NUMPY − ENVIRONMENT
• To test whether NumPy module is properly installed, try to import it
from Python prompt.
import numpy
• If it is not installed, the following error message will be displayed.
• Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#0>", line 1, in
<module> import numpy ImportError: No module named 'numpy‘
• Alternatively, NumPy package is imported using the following
syntax:
import numpy as np

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 NumPy Arrays
• The central feature of NumPy is the array object class.
• Arrays are similar to lists in Python, except that every element of an
array must be of the same type, typically a numeric type like float or
int.
• Arrays make operations with large amounts of numeric data very
fast and are generally much more efficient than lists.
• A numpy array is a grid of values, all of the same type, and is
indexed by a tuple of nonnegative integers.
• The number of dimensions is the rank of the array;
• The shape of an array is a tuple of integers giving the size of the
array along each dimension.

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 NUMPY − NDARRAY OBJECT
• The most important object defined in NumPy is an N-dimensional
array type called ndarray. It describes the collection of items of
the same type. Items in the collection can be accessed using a
zero-based index.
• Every item in an ndarray takes the same size of block in the
memory. Each element in ndarray is an object of data-type object
(called dtype).
• Any item extracted from ndarray object (by slicing) is represented
by a Python object of one of array scalar types. The following
diagram shows a relationship between ndarray, data type object
(dtype) and array scalar type:

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 NUMPY − NDARRAY OBJECT
• The following diagram shows a relationship between ndarray,
data type object (dtype) and array scalar type:

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 Create Array
• An instance of ndarray class can be constructed by different array
creation routines. The basic ndarray is created using an array
function in NumPy as follows:
numpy.array
• It creates an ndarray from any object exposing array interface, or
from any method that returns an array.
numpy.array(object, dtype=None, copy=True, order=None,
subok=False, ndmin=0)
 Create Array
numpy.array(object, dtype=None, copy=True, order=None, subok=False,
ndmin=0)
• The above constructor takes the following parameters:

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 Create Array
Example 1:
import numpy as np
a=np.array([1,2,3])
print a
The output is as follows:
[1, 2, 3]

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 Create Array
Example 2
# more than one dimensions
import numpy as np
a = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
print a
The output is as follows:
[[1, 2] [3, 4]]

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 Create Array
Example 3
# minimum dimensions
import numpy as np
a=np.array([1, 2, 3,4,5], ndmin=2)
print a
The output is as follows:
[[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]]

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 Create Array
Example 4
# dtype parameter
import numpy as np
a = np.array([1, 2, 3], dtype=complex)
print a
The output is as follows:
[ 1.+0.j, 2.+0.j, 3.+0.j]

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 Create Array
• The ndarray object consists of contiguous one-dimensional segment
of computer memory, combined with an indexing scheme that maps
each item to a location in the memory block.
• The memory block holds the elements in a row-major order (C
style) or a column-major order (FORTRAN or MatLab style).

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 Learning Outcomes

The students have learn and understand the followings:

•Introduction of NumPy
•NUMPY − ENVIRONMENT
•NumPy Arrays
•NUMPY − NDARRAY OBJECT
•Create Array
 References

1. Data Science with Python by by Aaron England, Mohamed Noordeen

Alaudeen, and Rohan Chopra. Packt Publishing; July 2019
2. https://intellipaat.com/blog/what-is-data-science/
3. https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc20_cs36/
Thank you