REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN MODULE 1

SUBJECT: CE 414 - REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

1. Title of the Module

Design and Analysis of One-Way Slab

2. Introduction

REINFORCED CONCRETE SLAB are large flat plates that are supported by reinforced concrete
beams, walls, or columns; by masonry walls; by structural steel beams or columns; or by the ground.
If they are supported on two opposite sides only, they are referred to as one-way slabs because the
bending is in one direction only- that is, perpendicular to the supported edges. Should the slab be
supported by beams on all edges, it is referred to as a two-way slab because bending is in both
directions. Actually, if a rectangular dab is supported on all four sides, but the long side is two or
more times as long as the short side, the slab will, for all practical purposes, act as a one-way slab.

L
if ≥2 →One way slab
S
L
if <2 →Two way slab
S

where:
L = longer span length
S = shorter span length
 The minimum thickness of the one–way slab as per NSCP 2015 should be equal to:

L
(1) for simply supported spans.
20

L
(2) for one-end continuous spans.
24

L
(3) for both end continuous spans.
28

L
(4) for cantilever spans.
10

fy
Note: For fy not equal to 415 MPa, the values shall be multiplied by 0.4+ .
700

407.6.1.1 A minimum area of flexural reinforcement A smin shall be provided in accordance with table
below.

407.6.1.1 Reinforcement shall be provided to resist shrinkage and temperature stress in

accordance with section 424.4

424.4.3.2 The ratio of deformed shrinkage and temperature reinforcement area to gross
concrete area shall satisfy the limits in table 424.4.3.2
Spacing of Main Reinforcement
Maximum space s of deformed reinforcement shall be the lesser of:
(a) 3h
(b) 450mm

Temperature and Shrinkage Reinforcement

The spacing of deformed shrinkage and temperature reinforcement shall not exceed the lesser of:
(a) 5h
(b) 450mm

NSCP COEFFICIENTS FOR CONTINUOUS BEAMS AND ONE-WAY SLABS

(NSCP 2015 SECTION 406.5)

The NSCP Coefficient Method is a simplified and an approximate method used for the analysis of
continuous beams and one-way slab. This method allows the real rotation restraint at external supports where
the real moment is not equal to zero. Thus, the coefficient method is more realistic but is only valid when its
conditions of application are satisfied in accordance with Section 406.5.1.

406.5.1 It shall be permitted to calculate Mu due to gravity loads in accordance with this section for
continuous beams and one-way slabs satisfying (a) through (e):

a. Members are prismatic;

b. Loads are uniformly distributed;
c. L≤ 3D;
d. There are at least two spans;
e. The longer of two adjacent spans does not exceed the shorter by 20 percent.
406.5.2 Mu due to gravity loads shall be calculated in accordance with Table 406.5.2
 3. Learning Outcomes

At the end of the course, the students should be able to:

a. Design one-way slabs using NSCP 2015 with speed and accuracy

b. Investigate one-way slab,

c. Be familiar with the NSCP 2015 provisions on one-way slab.

4. Learning Content
NOTATIONS & SYMBOLS:
f 'c = specified compressive stress of concrete, MPa
fy = specified yield strength of steel, MPa
b = width of compression face of the member, mm
d = distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of tension
reinforcement, mm
h = total slab thickness, mm
s = spacing of bar, mm
db = diameter of bar, mm
d agg = diameter of aggregates, mm
A¯¿¿ = area of bar,mm 2
Atemp . ¯¿¿ = area of temperature bar,mm 2
As = required area of steel, mm 2
A s ,min = minimum area of steel, mm 2
Ag = gross concrete area, mm 2
ρ = steel reinforcement ratio
ρmin = minimum steel reinforcement ratio
wu = factored uniform load, kN/m
wD = uniform service dead load, kN/m
wL = uniform service live load, kN/m

The table below was taken from the NSCP 2015 and is about the minimum uniform and
concentrated live loads which will be useful in the design of slabs.
NSCP 2015
NSCP 2015
 Steps in the Design of One-Way Slab
I. Determine the minimum slab thickness h of the one–way slab as per NSCP 2015.

II. Compute the effective depth d

1
d=h−concrete cover− d b
2

III. Compute the Factored Moment M u to be carried by slab (consider 1m width of slab).
w u=1.2 w D +1.6 w L

IV. Compute the required As per meter width of slab. Assume φ = 0.90
2
M u=ϕ Rn b d

ρ=
0.85 f c '
fy ( √
1− 1−
2 Rn
0.85 f c ' )
V. Solve for and ρmax and ρ❑

( )
fy
0.003+
Es
ρmax = ¿
0.008
VI. Solve for As, Asmax and Asmin using NSCP 2015

VII.

Determine the required main bar spacing.

A s=ρbd
A¯¿
Spacing s= x 1000 ¿
As

Maximum space s of deformed reinforcement shall be the lesser of:

(a) 3h
(b) 450mm

The spacing of deformed shrinkage and temperature reinforcement shall not exceed the lesser of:
(a) 5h
(b) 450mm

ILLUSTRATIVE PROBLEMS:

Problem 1.
Design a one-way slab to carry a service load of 4 kPa. The slab has a length of 4 m with both ends
continuous. Assume f ' c= 21 MPa and f y = 414 MPa for main bars and f y = 276 MPa for temperature
bars.

Solution:
I. Minimum slab thickness.
Consider 1m strip, b = 1000 mm
Uniform live load = 4 kPa x 1m = 4 kN/m

4000
hmin = = 142.857 mm say 150 mm
28

Wt. of slab = 23.544(0.15)(1) = 3.532 kN/m

Factored Floor Load
w u= 1.2(3.532)+1.6(4) = 10.638 kN/m
II. Effective Depth:
d = 150-20-12/2 = 124 mm

III. Factored moment Mu to be carried by the slab.

a. At Midspan:
Solve for Mu:
2
10.638(4 )
Mu = =10.638 Kn-m
16

IV. Compute the required steel area.

Solve for Rn:
6
10.638 x 10
Rn = 2 = 0.769 MPa
0.90(1000)(124)
Solve for ρ∧As :

ρ=
fy ( √
0.85 f ' c
1− 1−
2 Rn
0.85 f ' c )
ρ=
0.85(21)
415 ( √
1− 1−
2(0.769)
0.85 (21) )
ρ = 0.00189
As= ρbd As=0.00189 ( 1000 ) 124 As=234.36 mm2
Solve for As
As = bd
As = 0.00337(1000)(124) = 417.88 mm2
Solve for Asmin
fy < 420, therefore USE Asmin = 0.002Ag
Asmin = 0.002Ag
Asmin = 0.002(1000)(150)
2
Asmin=300 mm
2
Since As< Asmin ,Therefore Use As=300 mm
V. Compute the required spacing of main bar.
Using 12 mm φ for main bottom bar
 π
Abar = ( 12 )2=¿ 113.097 mm2
4

113.097
S = ( 1000 )= 376.99 mm say 370 mm
300
Max spacing required by code:
(a) 3h = 3 (150) = 450 mm
(b) 450 mm
Therefore, Use 12 mm bottom bars @ 370 mm o.c. at midspan

b. At Support:
Solve for Mu:
2
10.638(4 )
Mu = =17. 021 kN m
10
Compute the required steel area
Solve for Rn:
6
17. 021 x 10
Rn = 2 = 1.229 Mpa
0.90(1000)(124)
Solve for ρ ans As :

ρ=
0.85 f ' c
fy ( √
1− 1−
2 Rn
0.85 f ' c )
ρ=
0.85(21)
415 ( √
1− 1−
2(1.229)
0.85(21) )
ρ = 0.00307
Solve for As
As = bd
As = 0.00307(1000)(124)
As = 380.68 mm2
Solve for ρ max:

( )
fy
0.003+ '
ρ max = 200000 0.85 f c ɮ 1 ( 600 )
0.008 fy ( 600+ fy )
 ( )
414
0.003+
ρ max = 200000 0.85 ( 21 ) ( 0.85 ) ( 600 )
0.008 415 ( 600+ 415 )
ρ max = 0.01370
Solve for Asmax
Asmax = bd
Asmax = 0.01370 (1000)(124)
Asmax = 1698.8 mm2
Solve for Asmin
fy < 420, therefore USE Asmin = 0.002Ag
Asmin = 0.002Ag
Asmin = 0.002(1000)(150)
2
Asmin=300 mm
2
Since As> Asmin ,Therefore Use As=380.68 mm

Using 12 mm φ for main top bar

π
Abar = ( 12 )2
4
Abar ¿ 113.097 mm2
113.097
s= ( 1000 ) = 297.09 mm say 290 mm
380.68
Max spacing required by code:
(a) 3h = 3 (150) = 450 mm
(b) 450 mm
Therefore, use 12mm Ø top bars @ 290mm o.c. at support

VI. Compute the required temperature bar spacing.

Using 10mmφ temperature bars:
 Solve for Atemp.bar (SEE TABLE 424.4.3.2)
Atemp.bar = 0.002bh
Atemp.bar = 0.002(1000)(150)
Atemp.bar = 300 mm 2
π
Abar = ( 10 )2=¿ 78.540 mm 2
4
78.540
s= ( 1000 ) = 261.8 mm say 260 mm
300
Maximum spacing required by the code:
(a) 5h = 5(150) = 750 mm
(b) 450 mm
Therefore, use 10 mm temperature bars @ 260 mm o.c.

Problem 2.
Design a one-way slab for the inside of the building having a simple span of 3m. The slab is to carry
a uniform live load of 3 kPa. Assume f ' c =27.6 MPa and f y =276 Mpafor all bars. Unit weight of
concrete γ =23.5 kN /m3. The slab is not exposed to earth or weather. Use 12mm φ main bars and
10mm φ temperature bars.

Solution:
I. Minimum slab thickness

h min=
L
20 ( f
0.4 + y =
700
3000
20 )
0.4+ (
276
700 )
=119.143mm , say 120 mm

II. Effective Depth:

 1
d=h−concrete cover − d b
2
1
d=120−20− ( 12 )=94 mm
2
III. Factored moment Mu to be carried by the slab
Considering 1m strip of slab:
kN
w L =3.0 ( 1 )=3
m
kN
w D =23.5 ( 1 ) ( 0.12 )=2.82
m
Factored Floor Load:
w u=1.2 w D +1.6 w L
kN
w u=1.2 ( 2.82 ) +1.6 ( 3 )=8.184
m
Factored moment Mu to be carried by the slab:
2
wu L
M u= =8.184 ¿ ¿
8
IV. Compute the required steel area
Solve for Rn:
2
M u=∅ R u b d
6
9.207 x 10 =0.90 Rn (1000) ¿
Rn =1.15776

Solve for ρ :

ρ=
0.85 f ' c
fy ( √
1− 1−
2 Rn
0.85 f ' c )
ρ=
0.85 ( 27.6 )
276 ( √
1− 1−
2 ( 1.15776 )
0.85 ( 27.6 ) )
ρ = 0.00430
Solve for As
As = bd
 As = 0.00430 ( 1000 ) ( 94 )
As = 404.2 mm2
Solve for ρ max:

( )
fy
0.003+ '
ρ max = 200000 0.85 f c ɮ 1 ( 600 )
0.008 fy ( 600+ fy )

( )
276
0.003+
ρ max = 200000 0.85 ( 21 ) ( 0.85 ) ( 600 )
0.008 415 ( 600+ 276 )
ρ max = 0.02709
Solve for Asmax
Asmax = bd
Asmax = 0.02709 (1000)(94)
Asmax = 2546.46 mm2
Solve for Asmin
fy < 420, therefore USE Asmin = 0.002Ag
Asmin = 0.002Ag
Asmin = 0.002(1000)(120)
2
Asmin=240 mm
2
Since As> Asmin ,Therefore Use As=404.2 mm
V. Compute the required spacing of main bar :
Using 12 mm φ main bars,
A¯¿ π
s= (1000 )= ¿ ¿ ¿
As 4
Max spacing required by code:
(a) 3h = 3 (120) = 360 mm
(b) 450 mm
Thus, use 12mm∅ main bars spaced at 280mm O.C.
VI. Temperature bars:
At =0.0020 bh
At =0.0020 ( 1000 ) ( 120 )
2
At =240 mm per meter width of slab
Using 10mm∅ temperature bars,
 A¯¿ π
s= (1000 )= ¿ ¿ ¿
As 4

Maximum spacing required by NSCP 2015

The spacing of deformed shrinkage and temperature reinforcement shall not exceed the
lesser of:
(a) 5h = 5(120) = 600mm
(b) 450mm

Thus, use 10mm∅ temperature bars spaced at 325mm O.C.

5. Teaching and Learning Activities

Problem 1.
Design a simply supported one-way solid slab with a span of 4m. The slab is to carry a uniform live
load of 3 kPa. Assume f ' c =25 MPa and f y =400 Mpa for all bars. Use NSCP 2015.
 6. Recommended learning materials and resources for supplementary reading.

Fundamentals of Reinforced Concrete Volume 3 by Besavilla

Problem 2.
A reinforced concrete slabis built integrally with its supports and consists of two equal spnas, each
kN
with a clear span of 3m. The service live load is 4.8 2 . Assume
f ' c =25 MPa and f y =400 Mpa
m
for all bars. Design the slab following provisions NSCP 2015.

"Simplified Reinforced Concrete Design Based on NSCP 2015" by Engr. Mark Jefferson B. Castro

7. Flexible Teaching Learning Modality (FTLM) adopted

Remote Asynchronous and synchronous (modules, exercises, problem sets, etc…)

8. Assessment Task

In this part, students are given Self-Assessment Questions (SAQs) and asked to consider broader
aspects of the different topics taken up. Quizzes have been prepared for this part and can be found in the
original module of the author.

9. References
National Structural Code of the Philippines 2015
Fundamentals of Reinforced Concrete Volume 3 by Besavilla
"Simplified Reinforced Concrete Design Based on NSCP 2015" by Engr. Mark Jefferson
B. Castro