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Physics Lab Report

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Physics Lab Report

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germaabrsh
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PhysicsLabReport

Physicsfreshmancourse(AddisAbabaUniversi
ty)

ScantoopenonStudocu

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Studocuisnotsponsoredorendorsedbyanycollegeoruniversity

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ADDISABABAUNIVERSITY

COLLEGEOFNATURALANDCOMPUTATIONALSCIENCED

EPARTMENTOFPHYSICS

PHYS1011 LABORATORY

REPORTEXPERIMENT:FOCALLENGTHOF

LENSES

GROUP MEMBERS:

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ExperimentTitle:FocalLengthofLenses

Objective:

● Toinvestigatethepropertiesofconverginganddiverginglenses

● Determinethefocallengthofconverginglenses bothbyarealimageofa distantobjectand by

finiteobjectand imagedistances.

● Determinethefocallengthofadiverginglensbycombiningitwithaconverginglenstoforma

realimage.

BackgroundInformation:

A converging lens is a lens that converges a parallel beam of light from a source. A

doubleconvex lens is a type of convex lens in which both sides of the lens are curved outward

and itwill bend light from distant objects inward towards a single point called the ‘focal point’. It

has apositive focal point whereas a diverging lens is a lens that diverges a parallel beam of light

andwhere both sides of the lens are curved inward and light from distant objects will bend

outward.Thediverginglens has a negativefocallength.

Theory:

Abeamof parallelrays to theprincipalaxis of a convexlens converges to apoint,calleda

focalpoint, after passing through a convex lens. The distance from the focal point to the center

of thelens is known as thefocallength.

TherelationbetweentheimagedistanceS′,objectdistanceS, and focallengthf is givenby

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Suppose the lens produces a sharp image of the candle at the two positions as shown in fig

9.1.Let the distance between the object and the image be D and the distance between the

twopositionsof thelens leadingtoa sharpimagebed. Wehave

S1=S2’andS2=S1’

FromFigure9.1andtheaboverelationswehave

Usingthethinlens equation,

ApparatusUsed:

- Concavelens (1)

- Lampwithobjectonface/ illuminatedobject(1)

- Aconvexlenswithdifferentfocallengths(2)

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Procedure:

First, the screen was placed at a distance D from the illuminated object and at a point where

aclear image appears on the screen. After that, keeping the object and the screen fixed in a

secondpositionwasfoundinwhichthelensgivesawell-

focusedimageonthescreen.Finally,theabovestepswererepeatedfromdifferentvaluesofD.

DataCollection:

S.No D d D2-d2 4D 𝐷2−𝑑2


4
𝐷
f=

1 50.7 22.3 2073.2 202.8 10.2

2 60.7 36.7 2337.6 242.8 9.62

3 70.7 46.5 2836.24 282.8 10.03

4 80.7 59.5 2972.24 322.8 9.21

5 90.7 67.4 3683.73 362.8 10.15

DataAnalysis:

(I) The distance between ‘D’ and ‘d’ in each

trial:1. D-d= 50.7-22.3 = 28.4 cm

2. D-d= 60.7-36.7 = 24cm

3.D-d =70.7-46.5 = 24.2 cm

4.D-d =80.7-59.5 = 21.2 cm

5.D-d =90.7-67.4 = 23.3 cmg

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ResultsandDiscussion:

The analysis of the acquired data reveals distinct focal points, characterized by sharp

features.Our observation indicates a consistent recurrence of these points at regular intervals,

preciselyoccurringevery4 and a halfcmor less.

Thissuggeststhatthesesharpfeaturesarefoundindifferentplaces.Understandingwherethesepoints

occur highlights the diverse nature of the phenomenon, prompting further

investigationintothefactorsinfluencingtheirpresence.

Conclusion:

In summary, our study revealed that sharp features occur regularly and repeatedly, about

everyfour and a half centimeters or less. These features are found in different places, showing

howdiversethephenomenonis.Tolearnmore,weneedtounderstandwhatcausesthesefeaturestoappe

ar and spread. This research adds to our knowledge about these sharp features and sets

thestagefor moreinvestigationsintowhy and wheretheyshowup.

SolutionstoQuestions:

1. Tworealimagesforagivenobject-screendistanceresultfromopticalsystemslikeconverginglenses

or concave mirrors. The images share the characteristic of being real and existing onopposite

sides, yet differ in their specific locations, influenced by the lens or mirror equation.The general

principle of two images is explained by the lens or mirror equation, linking objectdistance,

image distance, and focal length. Placing an object within the focal length of aconverging lens or

in front of a concave mirror results in the formation of two real images oneither side. This

phenomenon is governed by optics, highlighting the interplay between objectplacementand

theopticalelement'sfocalcharacteristics.

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2. The inversion of the image in our retina occurs due to the optical properties of the eye;

whenthelightpasses throughthelens, itconverges to forman invertedimagein

theretina.Remarking,our brain adeptly processed this inversed visual input, interpreting it as

upright during theperception orientation. This showcases the remarkable adaptability of neutral

processing inensuring coherentvisualexperiments(experiences).

3. Thefocallengthsof 1, 2, and 3 respectivelyare10.2, 9.62, and 10.03 cm.

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