Comparative Study Between Students Translation and Google

Translate Translation on Parts of Speech

(A Study of Third Year Students of SMAN 1 MAKASSAR)

A Thesis
Submitted to the Faculty of Cultural Sciences Hasanuddin University
as Partial Requirements to Obtain Bachelor Degree in English
Literature Study Program

REZKY PUTRI ANDRIYATI

F041191020

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF CULTURAL SCIENCES
HASANUDDIN UNIVERSITY
2023
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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Alhamdulillahi Rabbil Alamin, praise and gratitude are offered to Allah SWT for

giving the opportunity to complete this thesis entitled "Comparative Study

Between Students Translation and Google Translate Translation on Parts of

Speech (A Study of Third Year Students of SMAN 1 MAKASSAR)". Not to

forget, the writer said greetings and prayers to the Prophet Muhammad SAW who

had brought his people from the era of jahiliyah to the age of light.

This thesis was written to qualify for an S1 degree at the Department of English

Literature, Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Hasanuddin University, Makassar. In

preparation for the completion of this thesis, the writer received help, advice,

guidance, and prayers from several people. To all these people, the writer would

like to express my deepest gratitude to:

1. Dra. Nasmilah, M.Hum, Ph.D and Dra. Ria Rosdiana Jubhari,

M.A.,Ph.D. as supervisor I and supervisor II of the writer who has guided

the writer with very constructive suggestions and directions so that the

writer can complete this thesis in a directed manner.

2. All lecturers in the English Literature department, who have imparted their

knowledge during the writer's lecture.

3. All staff of the English Literature department especially Pak Ari, who

have helped the writer a lot to take care of administration during college

until the completion of writing this thesis.

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4. Andrianingsih Risa Nurwiyati, S.Pd as English teacher of SMAN 1

Makassar, and all students of SMAN 1 Makassar who become participants

in this thesis and have spent their time and totality in helping the writer.

5. The writer's family Andri Yusuf and Nurhayati, father and mother of the

writer who endlessly gives prayers, love, affection, and encouragement. Al

– Khadafi Syahputra Yusuf, the writer's brother who always gives joy at

home so that the writer can work on and complete this thesis with

enthusiasm.

6. Ayah and Ibu at Bumi Bung Permai Housing, who always encourage and

give advice to the writer.

7. Best friends of Talkzeed Zone. Andi Manggabarani, Tri Sucitra

Susilowati, and Bening Binar Fantasya who have become best friends

have lived the ups and downs and happy campus life. The writer expresses

their deep gratitude towards them for their constant encouragement and

support until the completion of this thesis.

8. Tasya Ramadhani and Nurul Fuadi Saputri, the writer’s best friend who

always ready to listen to every complaint and give warm support and

advice to the writer.

9. Muh. Zulfikar Naharuddin. An incredible supporter of the writer,

constantly providing with all the good things and investing time and

energy to help the writer. The writer is deeply grateful for the patience and

full support which has been an invaluable source of strength and

motivation throughout the writer’s journey.

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Recognizing that this study is inherently flawed and imperfect, the author remains

open to receiving valuable feedback, constructive criticism, and insightful

suggestions from readers.

Makassar, 18th May, 2023

Rezky Putri Andriyati

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

LEGITIMATION ......................................................................................................... ii

AGREEMENT............................................................................................................. iii

DECLARATIONS ....................................................................................................... iv

STATEMENT LETTER ............................................................................................... v

APPROVAL FORM .................................................................................................... vi

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .......................................................................................... vii

ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................. xiii

ABSTRAK ................................................................................................................ xiv

CHAPTER I ................................................................................................................. 1

INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 1

1. Background .............................................................................................................. 1

2. Research Questions .................................................................................................. 3

3. Objective of The Study ............................................................................................. 4

4. Scope of The Problem .............................................................................................. 4

5. Significance of Research .......................................................................................... 4

CHAPTER II ................................................................................................................ 6

THEORETICAL BACKGROUND ............................................................................... 6

1. Previous Study ......................................................................................................... 6

2. Theory...................................................................................................................... 8

2.1 Translations ............................................................................................................ 8

2.2 Syntactical – Parts of Speech ................................................................................. 11

CHAPTER III ............................................................................................................. 17

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ................................................................................ 17

1. Research Design ..................................................................................................... 17

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2. Source of The Data ................................................................................................. 17

3. Subject of The Study .............................................................................................. 18

4. Data Collection Procedure ...................................................................................... 18

5. Data Analysis Technique ........................................................................................ 21

CHAPTER IV............................................................................................................. 23

1. FINDINGS ............................................................................................................. 23

1.1. Analysis of pronouns ........................................................................................... 23

1.2. Analysis of Other Parts of Speech ........................................................................ 31

2. DISCUSSIONS ...................................................................................................... 39

2.1. Analysis of Students and Google Translate Translation ........................................ 39

2.2. Factors that Cause Errors in Students’ Translation ............................................... 45

CHAPTER V .............................................................................................................. 50

CONCLUSIONS ........................................................................................................ 50

1. Conclusions ............................................................................................................ 50

2. Suggestions ............................................................................................................. 51

BIBLIOGRAPHY ....................................................................................................... 52

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 APPENDICES

APPENDIX A ............................................................................................................ 55

DESCRIPTIVE TEXT (INDONESIAN TEXT) .......................................................... 55

APPENDIX B ............................................................................................................. 56

GOOGLE TRANSLATE TRANSLATION ........................................................... 56

APPENDIX C ............................................................................................................. 57

STUDENTS TRANSLATIONS.................................................................................. 57

APPENDIX D ............................................................................................................ 72

APPENDIX E ............................................................................................................. 75

DOCUMENTATIONS ............................................................................................... 75

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 ABSTRACT

Rezky Putri Andriyati (2023), "A Comparative Study between Student

Translations and Google Translate Translations on Parts of Speech: A
Study of Third Year Students OF SMAN 1 Makassar" (supervised by
Namilah and Ria Rosdiana Jubhari)

This research aims to determine the differences between student

translations and Google Translate translations based on the use of parts of
speech, particularly pronouns, and the typical errors made by students in
the use of word classes, especially pronouns.

The study was conducted at SMAN 1 Makassar, with a population of

third year students with the highest scores based on the mid-term exam
and a sample size of 15 students. The researcher used a qualitative
descriptive method, employing descriptive texts that would be translated
from Indonesian to English by the students and Google Translate.

The results of the study show that students made errors, including the use
of singular or plural words, past verb tense, and inappropriate preposition
usage. However, Google Translate produced clear and accurate
translations, devoid of such errors, targeting the intended language. It can
be concluded that the errors made by students are influenced by factors
such as mother tongue interference, faulty application of rules in the
target language, and false concept hypothesized.

Keywords: Comparative Study, Students, Google Translate, Translation,

Parts of Speech, Pronouns.

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 ABSTRAK

Rezky Putri Andriyati (2023), “Studi Perbandingan Antara Terjemahan

Siswa dan Terjemahan Google Translate Pada Kelas Kata: Studi Siswa
Tahun Ketiga SMAN 1 Makassar” (dibimbing oleh Nasmilah dan Ria
Rosdiana Jubhari)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan antara terjemahan

siswa dan terjemahan Google Terjemahan berdasarkan penggunaan kelas
kata terutama pada kata ganti dan kesalahan umum yang ada pada siswa
dalam penggunaan kelas kata terutama pada kata ganti.

Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMAN 1 Makassar dengan populasi siswa

kelas 3 dengan nilai tertinggi berdasarkan nilai ujian terngah semester
dan sampel berjumlah 15 orang. Peneliti menggunakan metode deskriptif
kualitatif dengan menggunakan deskriptif teks yang akan diterjemah dari
Bahasa Indonesia ke Bahasa Inggris oleh siswa dan Google Translate.

Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan ada kesalahan yang dihasilkan siswa

meliputi penggunaan kata tunggal atau jamak, penggunaan kata kerja
dalam bentuk lampau, dan penggunaan preposisi yang tidak sesuai.
Namun, terjemahan Google Translate menghasilkan terjemahan yang
jelas dan akurat, tanpa kesalahan seperti itu, yang ditujukan kepada
bahasa target. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa error yang dihasilkan siswa
disebabkan oleh faktor bahasa ibu, penerapan aturan yang salah pada
bahasa target, dan dan konsep yang keliru dihipotesiskan.

Kata Kunci: Studi Perbandingan, Siswa, Google Translate, Terjemahan,

Kelas Kata, Kata Ganti.

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 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1. Background

English is the international language of the world. Numerous

countries in the world use English as their second language. In Indonesia,

English is the third language after the local language, and Bahasa

Indonesia. Furthermore, in Indonesia academic fields utilize the English

language, English has been taught from elementary up to the university

level.

Many textbooks for higher education frequently use English.

Language barriers can make it challenging for students to translate words

from English textbooks. Due to widespread use of current technology, it is

now easier to translate words from English textbooks. Due to the

widespread use of current technology, it is now simple to translate a word

or sentence. One of quick solution is use Google Translate as a translation

machine.

Translation strategies are necessary when learning English,

especially when it comes to writing. In learning English, translating is a

necessary skill because from translating we learn to understand words or

sentences from the target language. In today’s era, translation is done

using a translator machine so that translating activities become easier and

can be done anywhere.

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 One of the frequently used machine translators is Google Translate.

Google Translate is a digital dictionary developed by Google to translate

one language into another. Google Translate has many good things to offer

to its users, apart from the application that is free to download, Google

Translate is also considerably easy to operate. Therefore, Google Translate

can be utilized by students to develop their skills.

Behind the many uses of Google Translate, some people also use

translations done by humans or without the help of machines. While

Google Translations is carried out by a translation engine, human

translation is carried out by a human translator. A professional linguist or

translator is needed for the translation process; typically, this worker has

studied the target language in-depth. However, if translation fits the

criteria for quality good translations, it can be done at the student level.

The translations produced by Google Translate and produced by

humans have been compared in numerous studies. The study compared the

pros and cons of the two translations. Setiawati et al., (2020) The outcome

of Google's translation was classified as a translation that is more

understandable compared to human translation. However, Brazill (2016)

stated that human translation is more accurate than Google Translate.

Syntax and translation are two distinct by equally significant aspects of

language use. Rules are required to serve as a benchmark for determining

whether a translation is good or not, specifically by using syntax. Because

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of this, the researcher seeks to compare human translation with Google

Translate translation based on the use of parts of speech.

Syntax is the study of language sentences in linguistics. According

to Gleason (1961) syntax refers to the rules for building structures of

various types using procedures of word derivation and inflection. Based on

the understanding above, it can be concluded that words, phrases, and

clauses are arranged in a way related to syntax to build sentences and other

bigger structures that follow grammatical rules.

The researcher constructed a study to analyze the parts of speech

used in two translations of an Indonesian-English text, comparing Google

Translate (GT) and Students Translation (ST). The study compared the

various uses of parts of speech and explored typical errors made by

students. Additionally, the study aimed to examine the English writing

competence of advanced-level students at SMAN 1 Makassar.

2. Research Questions

This research tried to answer several research questions that have

been compiled from the statement of the problem. The research questions

for this study are:

1. What are differences between student translations and Google

Translate translations based on their use of parts of speech

especially on pronouns?

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 2. What are the typical errors in the use of parts of speech

especially on pronouns found in student translations and

Google Translate translations?

3. Objective of The Study

The study aimed to:

1. Investigate the differences between student translations and

Google Translate translations based on their use of parts of

speech, especially on pronouns.

2. Analyze typical errors in the use of parts of speech, especially

on pronouns, produced between student translations and

Google Translate translations.

4. Scope of The Problem

In this study, the researcher focuses on understanding the differences

and errors produced on the translations between student translations (ST)

and Google Translate translations (GT). This study will be conducted in

senior high school using final-year students with an advanced English

background as its subjects.

5. Significance of Research

This research is expected to be useful and valuable, especially for

the students and the English teacher at SMAN 1 Makassar. This study

findings are expected to give information about the strengths and

weaknesses of students in translating from Indonesia to English. On the

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other hand, the researcher expects teachers can optimize teaching

techniques for translations skill based on the level of students.

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 CHAPTER II

THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

1. Previous Study

There are some researches related to this topic. First, Hijazi (2013)

conducted research on how well Google Translate translated legal texts,

the results found that there were some lexical and syntactic problems. It

happens because of the system’s inability to distinguish between multiple

senses in a legal context.

Second, Suprato (2014) discovered that some identifiers such as

language style and use of tenses from Indonesia to English could not be

translated by software. It is automatically translated into standard English

for machine translation. Compared to translator’s translation, machine

translation offers a more nuanced literary worth. Additionally, the machine

only translated words, phrases, and sentences so that the results are

standard. Inaccurate words are also produced by machine translation.

Meanwhile, translators employ comprehensible language.

The third study conducted by Karami (2014) talked about the many

models that Google Translate uses. He concentrated on two important

engines that Google Translate uses and attempted to evaluate the benefits

and drawbacks of each engine independently. He came to the conclusion

that rule-based models are simpler and more effective for machine

translation of simple linguistically and rule-based languages. He thinks the

quality of translated texts depends on the data given to the machine and the

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pair of languages used in the translation process for a machine translation

like Google Translate, which supports 90 languages and uses statistical

models.

Another study that discussed comparing translation was conducted

by Purwaningsih (2016). She compared the translations of professional

translators with Google Translate translations. She discovered that some

words from the source language are translated into the target language in

an unsuitable and unnatural way. As a machine, Google Translate cannot

maximally produce accurate, acceptable, and readable translation because

Google Translate does not have translation competence which are very

important in translating a text.

Setiawati et al. (2020) also tried to find out readability of

translation between Google Translate and Human Translation in the

medical book. They find out the result of Google’s translation was

categorized as a more readable translation rather than human translation.

This proves that the result of Google’s translation is almost as natural as

the human translation and makes it easier to understand.

The difference between all the research above and this research lies

in the methodology. The researcher carries out the comparison based on

part of speech to look at the various uses of parts of speech and explore the

typical errors use of parts of speech between students who have an

advanced level in English and Google Translate.

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2. Theory

2.1 Translations

Definitions of Translation and Translation Processes

According to Larson (1984), translations are processes of

transferring the meaning from the source language into the target

language. This is accomplished by using semantic structure to transition

from a first language to a second language. In a general way, translation is

a kind of communication that enables the target audience to access the

knowledge presented in the text.

Semenov (2005) stated that translation is activity of a translator

which message in one language transferred into a message with the same

meaning in a different language. Translation’s outcome of this activity,

such as an oral or written language utterance. According to (Bassneet

2002), translation is a process of negotiating between texts and cultures as

well as the transfer of texts from one language into another. This means

that translation involves not only transferring a language, a meaning, and a

message, but also a cultural aspect of the target language. Translation

processes can be described in the following diagram:

A (source) B (receptor)

(analyzing) (restructuring)

X (transferring) Y

Nida and Taber’s Translation Process (1982:33)

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 Nida and Taber (1982) divided the translation process into three

stages: (1) analysis, which the surface structure is examined in terms of the

meaning of the words and word combination; (2) transfer, during which

the analyzed material is transferred from language A to language B in the

translator’s mind; and (3) restructuring, during which the transferred

material is reorganized in order to make the final message clear.

Google Translate

Google Translate is a free global machine translation tool created

by Google that allows users to translate text, sounds, images, websites, and

real-time video from one language to another. Pujiati (2017) said that

Google Translate can translate words, phrases, clauses, and speech.

Furthermore, Medvedev (2016) wrote that Google Translate is free,

instant, offers a choice of input and output languages, supports voice

recognition, and can translate full web pages and files by uploading them.

Another Google Translate definition by Arifatun (2012) Google

Translate is a machine translation tool with a number of drawbacks. It can

help readers in comprehending the basic content of foreign language

writings, but it does not provide accurate translations. As a translator,

Google translate has various advantages. This is a main objective, namely

functioning as an internet translator, particularly Google Translate

Indonesian English, which is often used in Indonesian English translation.

According to Bayu (2020), Google Translate is a technology that helps in

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vocabulary development because it can be used immediately and

realistically without the need for an English book dictionary.

Afterward, Google Translate provides machine translations that are

produced entirely by technology, without human participation. More than

500 million people use Google’s powerful statistical machine translation

technology. Google Translate work is based on statistical analysis rather

than traditional rule-based analysis, which means it frequently contains

seemingly illogical and evident errors. For instance, a poetic or literary text

may lose its artistic beauty and depth when translated by Google Translate.

Similarly, a heartfelt message may come across as robotic and impersonal,

lacking the emotional resonance that a human translator could convey.

While human translations possess the cultural understanding, creativity,

and empathy necessary to accurately convey the meaning and intent of a

message.

Human Translations

According to (Whyatt, 2012), the issue of translation as a human

skill is broad and complex. It can be described from a variety of angles,

and each one will yield useful insights. The number of potential translators

must be impressive given the variety of languages spoken in the world and

the current trend of more people speaking at two languages. Translation is

still a phenomenon that society misunderstands, though. One the one hand,

anyone who is able to communicate in both languages is expected to be

able to translate from one language into the other.

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2.2 Syntactical – Parts of Speech

In linguistics, syntax refers to the body of rules, precepts, and

procedures that regulate the word and overall sentence structure of a

language. In other words, syntax is the study of word placement within a

sentence in accordance with a predetermined rule. Studying these

principles and procedures is referred to as studying syntax. Finding the

syntactic norms that apply to all languages is a common goal for

syntacticians.

a. Words

Chaer (2009) stated that the word has two grammatical

statuses. As the biggest unit at the morphological level and the

smallest at the syntactic level. The simplest component of a

sentence is a word, thus knowing the names of all the world classes

is required to better identify it. It is incorrect to only consider a

word's form or meaning when determining the word class of that

word; instead, consider how that word functions in the phrase,

clause, or even sentence in which it appears. According to

Chakravarty (2004), a word can take on one of eight roles in a

sentence. It may be either: a noun, a pronoun, a verb, an adverb, an

adjective, a preposition, a conjunction, and an interjection.

1. Noun

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 Nouns are words that identify a specific person, place,

thing, or concept. Both the subject and the object of a verb can be

nouns in sentences.

2. Pronouns

Pronouns are words that are used in place of one or more

nouns. Pronouns are used to refer to nouns (called its antecedent).

They are she, he, they, them, my, etc.

3. Verbs

A verb is a word that expresses the actions, procedures,

contexts, or states of something or someone. For example: work,

wash, sleep, etc.

4. Adverbs

Adverbs can define as word from one of the major

form classes that usually modifies a verb, adjective, another adverb,

preposition, phrase, clause, or sentence to express some relation of

manner or quality, place, time, degree, number, cause, opposition,

affirmation, or denial.

5. Adjectives

Adjectives are one of the parts of speech that are used to

describe a noun or pronoun, which can be a thing, place, animal, or

other thing.

6. Preposition

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 A preposition is a word used to describe how a noun

or pronoun is related to another word in a phrase. They are in

above, behind, under, etc.

7. Conjunctions

A word or group of words that joins them together is known

as a conjunction. A coordinating conjunction is one word that

connect two sentences. For, and, nor, but, or, yet, and so make up

these seven words.

8. Interjection

An interjection is a word or phrase used to convey emotion

or to request or demand something. Interjections are a normal part

of speech, but they are not grammatically connected to other

sentence components.

b. Pronouns

According to Hornby (1991), students who desire to speak

and write English properly must be conscious of grammatical

accuracy. Thus, grammar is essential to communication. A pronoun

is a word that is used in place of a noun (Oxford Learner’s Pocket

Dictionary, 1991). Since they cannot typically occur with

determiners like the definite article or pre-modification, pronouns

‘replace’ nouns or rather full noun phrases. In order to be more

effective, pronouns are employed.

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 Verspoor and Sauter (2000) mention nine different kinds of

pronoun:

Personal pronoun, are always independent and refer to

people or things, such as I/me, she/her, we/us, and so on.

Possessive pronoun, it used for express ownership. There

are dependent and independent ones. Dependent like my, your, his,

its, etc. and independent like mine, yours, hers, ours, and so on.

Relative pronoun, such as who, whom, whose, which, and

that. Relative pronouns have a double function they are pronouns

because they create a dependent clause while also referring to a

person or thing and they serve as an introducing clause in the

clause they introduce.

Interrogative pronoun, which used to ask a question such

as: who, whom, whose, which, and what.

Demonstrative pronoun, is pronoun which highlight

someone or something like: this, that, these, and those to plural

ones. Demonstrative pronouns can be used independently and

dependently.

Reflexive pronoun, is a pronoun that is made up of the

words self and selves followed by a personal or possessive

pronoun, such as: myself, herself, and so on.

Reciprocal pronoun, are each other and one another that

always independently stand.

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 Indefinite pronoun, refer to indefinite person or thing like:

some, every, no, or any. They can be used independently, they

extremely similar to personal pronouns but have a broader

meaning.

The unnamed type of pronoun, or "so," is the ninth and final

pronoun mentioned by Verspoor and Sauter. It is used

independently to refer to an entire event.

2.3 Descriptive Text

Tompkins (1994) described descriptive text like using words to

create visuals. It implies that the students describe many entities, including

objects, people, animals, and places. Students are required to describe

objects in detail in descriptive texts based on how they appear. According to

Kane (2000), a description is a statement about the senses—how something

feels, sounds, and appears. Although primarily focused on the visual

experience, description also touches on other senses of perception.

Additionally, descriptive writing is a type of text that aims to give

information.

According to Wardiman et al. (2008), the introduction and

description make up the generic structure of a descriptive text. This

demonstrates that a descriptive text contains two components: a specific

element to describe a phenomenon (identification), and a second element

(description) to illustrate its pieces, features, or characteristics. The students

therefore must create descriptive texts using generic structure.

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 Based on the definition provided above, it can be inferred that this

descriptive text is one that specifically describes a person or thing, including

its form, properties, amounts, and other details.

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