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1 Photosynthesis

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and the carbon cycle

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1.1 Photosynthesis
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Exercise 1.1A How light level affects
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photosynthesis
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Focus
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In this exercise, you will decide which variables to keep the same in an
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experiment. You will put results into a table and make a conclusion.
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Arun does an experiment to investigate whether plants photosynthesise

faster when they have more light.
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The diagram shows the apparatus he uses.

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Apparatus A Apparatus B Apparatus C

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Arun puts Apparatus A next to a window.

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He puts Apparatus B in a shady corner of the same room.

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He puts Apparatus C in a dark cupboard.

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1.1 Photosynthesis

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1 What should Arun try to keep the same for all three sets of apparatus?

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Tick (✓) three boxes.

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the amount of light

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the type of plant

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the mass of the plant

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the number of bubbles

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the temperature
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Arun leaves his three sets of apparatus for two days.

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Then he measures the volume of gas collected in each

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test tube.

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This is what he writes down.

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A 18.3 cm3
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B 7.2 cm3
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2 Complete Arun’s results table.

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Apparatus Amount of light Volume of Gas

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A next to a window 18.3 cm³

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B in a shady corner 7.2 cm³

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in a dark cupboard
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C 0.5 cm³
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3 What conclusion can Arun make from his results?

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Tick (✓) one box.

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Plants need chlorophyll for photosynthesis.

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Plants that live in water photosynthesise more slowly

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than plants that live on land.

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Plants photosynthesise faster when they have more light.

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Plants use water for photosynthesis.

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1 Photosynthesis and the carbon cycle

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Exercise 1.1B The effect of different colours

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of light on the rate of photosynthesis
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Practice

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This exercise gives you practice in recording results, and also thinking
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about variables in an experiment.

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Marcus wanted to find out which colour of light would make a plant

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photosynthesise fastest.
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The diagram shows the apparatus that he set up.
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red cellophane blue cellophane

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water water

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test tube test tube
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water plant water plant

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green cellophane colourless cellophane

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water water
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test tube test tube

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water plant water plant

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Marcus shone a light onto each tube. He counted the number of bubbles
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that the water plant gave off in one minute. He did this three times for
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each water plant.

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These are his results.

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red - 10, 12, 11 blue - 8, 12, 10

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green - 4, 5, 6 colourless - 11, 13, 12

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1.1 Photosynthesis

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1 What was the variable that Marcus changed in his experiment?

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the colour of cellophane

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2 What was the variable that Marcus measured in his experiment?
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to find out which colour of light would make a plant photosynthesise fastest

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3 List three variables that Marcus should have kept the same in
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his experiment.
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the type of plant

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first variable
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second variable volume of water
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third variable temperature

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Draw a results table in the space below, and fill in Marcus’s results
so that they are easy to understand. Remember to include a column
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where you can write in the mean value for each set of results.
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Colour Result
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11
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red
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green 5
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blue 10
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colourless 12
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1 Photosynthesis and the carbon cycle

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5 Complete the bar chart to show Marcus’s results.

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Colour of light
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6 Write down a conclusion that Marcus can make from his results.
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the light direct from sunlight is needed for

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photosynthesis
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Exercise 1.1C Turning an idea into a

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hypothesis that can be tested

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Challenge
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In this challenging task, you will choose an idea and then turn it into
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a hypothesis that can be tested by scientific experiment. Then you will

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write a plan for the experiment.

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Here is an idea about water plants and photosynthesis.

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Idea: Carbon dioxide is one of the raw materials for photosynthesis.

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We can provide extra carbon dioxide to a water plant by bubbling

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carbon dioxide gas into the water. This could allow the water plant to
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photosynthesise faster.
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1.1 Photosynthesis

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1 Use the idea to write down a hypothesis that you could test by

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doing an experiment.

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Check your hypothesis with your teacher before you move on to
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question 2.
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Use this page and the next to write a plan for an experiment you
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could do to test your hypothesis.

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• Try to make your plan really clear and detailed, so that

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someone else could follow it to do your experiment.
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• Include a labelled diagram of the apparatus you would use.
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• Draw a results chart with headings.

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• Predict what you think the results might be, giving a reason for
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your prediction.
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• Remember to state your independent variable, dependent

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variable and the variables that you will try to keep the same.
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