Chapter 13 Sound

*IMPORTANT INSTRUCTION: Kindly do the Section A (question answer and practical

work) in copy and file. Section B is for PRACTICE only.

Section A
A. Question and Answer (Science Copy)

Q1. Define the following terms:-

a. Sound- Sound is a form of energy that enables us to hear sound produced by a vibrating body.
b. Vibration/oscillation- To and fro movement of an oscillatory body is called vibration/oscillation.
c. Frequency-The number of vibration produced by a vibrating body in one second is called
frequency. It is denoted by as ‘f’. Its SI unit is Hertz (Hz).

Frequency= No. Of vibration/oscillation

Time Period

Frequency determines pitch or shrillness of the sound.

d. Amplitude- The maximum displacement of an oscillatory body from its mean position is called
amplitude. It is denoted by A. The SI unit of amplitude is metre. Amplitude determines the
loudness of the sound.
e. Time period- Time period is to produce one complete oscillation or vibration.It is measured in
seconds and denoted by ‘T’.

Time period= Total Time taken

No. Of oscillation

Time period= 1/Frequency

2. Write the characteristics of sound.

Ans. Characteristics of sound are as follows:-

A) Loudness:-The loudness of sound depends on its amplitude. When the amplitude of the
vibration is large the sound produced is loud. When the amplitude is small all the sound
produced is feeble. Loudness of sound is proportional to the square of the amplitude of
vibration producing the sound. The loudness is expressed in a unit called decibel (dB).

B) Pitch/shrillness- The frequency determines the shrillness or pitch of a sound. If the frequency of
vibration is low the sound produced has a lower pitch. For example: a drum vibrates with the
low frequency, on the other hand a whistle has a high frequency, therefore produces a sound of
high pitch.
 C) Quality- Quality of a sound helps to differentiate between the sounds. It is also called timber. It
is due to the timber, that we can recognise the voice of different playback singers without
actually seeing them.

3. A pendulum oscillates 40 times in 4 seconds. Find its time period and frequency.

Ans. The number of oscillations= 40

Time taken to complete 40 oscillations= 4 sec.

Time period = Time Pd/ number of oscillations

T= 4/40= 0.1second

Frequency of oscillation= 1/T

1/ 0.1= 10Hertz

4. The sound from a mosquito is produced when it vibrate its wings at an average rate of 500
vibrations per second. What is the time period of the vibration?

Ans. The number of vibrations produced per second is called frequency.

Frequency= 500Hz

Time period= 1/f

T=1/500

T= 0.002seconds

5. Differentiate between

• Audible and inaudible sound

• Noise and music

Audible sound Inaudible sound

1. Sounds with frequency between 20 Hz to Sounds with frequency below 20 Hertz and
20KHz are called Audible sound. above 20KHz are called inaudible sounds.
2. Humans can hear audible sounds i.e. sound Humans cannot hear inaudible sounds i.e.
with frequency between 20 Hz to 20KHz sounds which frequency above 20 KHz and
below 20 Hz

Noise Music
1. It has an unpleasant effect to the ears It has a pleasant effect to the ears.
2. Irregular vibrations are produced Regular vibrations are produced
3. Amplitude and frequency can change Amplitude and frequency do not change
suddenly suddenly.
Homework:- To be done in science copy

6. How is sound produced by humans?Pg 160

7. How do we hear sound? Pg 163- 164

8. What is noise pollution? Write the causes, consequences (harms) and measures to limit it.
ACTIVITY-1

AIM:-Sound needs a medium for propagation

(A) Propagation in solids

(B) Propagation in liquids

(C) Propagation in gases

Materials required: Metre scale, bucket ,water, bell ,glass tumbler, cell phone

Procedure:-

A) Propagation in solids
1. Take a metre scale and hold its one end to your ear.
2. Ask your friend to gently scratch or tap at the other end of the scale and observe.
3. We can hear the sound of scratching.

B) Propagation in liquids
1. Take a bucket and fill it with clean water.
2. Take a small bell in one hand and shake this well inside the water to produce sound.
3. Make surethat the bell does not touch the body of the bucket
4. Place your ear gently on the water surface and observe.
 C) Propagation in gases
1. Take a glass tumbler make it sure that it is dry.
2. Place a cell phone in it.
3. Ask your friend to give a ring on this cell phone from another cell phone.
4. Listen to the ring carefully.

Observation:-

A) Propagation in solids:- We can hear the sound of scratching

B) Propagation in liquids:- We can hear a faint sound of the bell
C) Propagation in gases: - We can clearly hear the ringing sound of the cell phone.

Conclusion:-This activity clearly proves that sound needs a medium for propagation.

Speed of sound in solids: - 5000 metre per second

Speed of sound in liquids: - 1500 metre per second

Speed of sound in gases: - 343 metre per second

ACTIVITY-2
AIM:-Sound cannot travel through vaccum.

Materials Required:-

Method: 1. Let us take a bell jar and suspend an electric bell in it and connect it to a battery outside the jar .

2.When the circuit is closed (switch is on) we can hear the bell ringing .As the jar contains air and sound travels through this
air.

3.We then remove the air from the jar with the help of a vacuum pump connected to the bell jar.

4.Now as we close the circuit we can hardly hear any sound even though the hammer of the bell is seen striking the gong .

5.So we can conclude that sound cannot propagate in the absence of the material medium.

OBSERVATION: When the vaccum was created inside the bell jar sound of bell was not heard.

CONCLUSION: Hence we conclude that medium is needed for sound propagation.

Section B: Practice questions

1. A pendulum oscillates 40 times in 4 seconds. Find its time period and frequency.
Ans: Time pd.-0.1sec Frequency- 10 Hz
2. The sound from a mosquito is produced when it vibrates its wings at an average rate of 500
vibrations per second. What is the time period of the vibration? ANS: 0.002sec
3. Pendulum A makes 14 oscillations in 5 seconds and pendulum B makes 10 oscillations in 3
seconds. Which has a higher frequency? Express the frequency of each pendulum in hertz.
Ans: Pendulum A= 2.8 Hz, pendulum B= 3.33Hz
4. A tight membrane produces sound of_____ frequency than a loose one. Ans: Higher
5. What is the normal length of vocal cords in man? Ans: 20mm
 6. What is necessary for the propagation of sound? Ans: Medium is necessary
7. Can sound travel in vacuum also? Ans: No
8. Lightning and thunder takes place in the sky at the same time and at the same distance from us.
Lightning is seen earlier and thunder is heard later. Can you explain why?
Ans. Light travels at the speed of 3x108m/s while sound travels at a speed of 332 m/s i.e., light
travels much faster than sound.that is why lightning is seen earlier and thunder is heard later.
9. Why does a tabla with tight membrane vibrate at higher pitch than a tabla with the loose
membrane?
Ans. A tight membrane vibrates at high frequency than a loose one. That is why sound
produced with tight membrane have high pitch.
10. We know that vibrating object produces sound. In some cases vibrations are not visible why?
Ans. Sound depends on the amplitude of vibration. If the amplitude of the sound produced is
small, we will not be able to see the vibration.
11. Why astronauts use radiophones to communicate?
Ans.: Astronauts use radiophones because in space there is no medium (vacuum is present).
Therefore radiophones work on the principle of radio waves. As radio waves do not require
any medium to communicate.

MCQ

Question 1.The voice box is also called as

(a) stomach (b) heart (c) larynx (d) mouth

Question 2.Sound is a kind of

(a) work (b) energy (c) force (d) pressure

Question 3.The hearing range of human ear is

(a) 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz (b) less than 20 Hz (c) more than 20,000 Hz (d) 20 Hz to 25,000 Hz

Question 4.Pitch of sound is determined by its

(a) frequency (b) speed (c) amplitude (d) loudness

Question 5.Sound cannot travel through

(a) air (b) water (c) air (d) vacuum

Question 6.Speed is
(a) Distance travelled/Time (b) Time/Distance travelled (c) Distance travelled × Time (d) Time + Distance travelled

Question 7Frequency is expressed in

(a) Kilometer (b) Hertz (c) gram (d) Degree centigrade

Question 8.The number of oscillations per second is called

(a) Amplitude of oscillation (b) Pitch of oscillation (c) Frequency of oscillation (d) None of the above

Question 9.Voice of man is heavy compared to a woman because

(a) Female vocal cord is longer (b) Male vocal cord is shorter (c) Male vocal cord is longer (d) The concept is not related

Question 10. Large amplitude of sound vibrations will produce:

a. Loud sound b. Meak sound c. Slow sound d. Shreak
Question 11. Which of the following statements are correct?
(i) Sound is produced by vibrations.
(ii) Sound requires a medium for propagation.
(iii) Light and sound both require a medium for propagation.
(iv) Sound travels slower than light.
(a) i & ii only
(b) i, ii & iii only
(c) ii, iii & iv only
(d) i, ii & iv only
Soln:
Answer is (d) i, ii & iv only
Explanation:
Statement iii) is wrong because light and sound are two different entities.
Question 12.An object is vibrating at 50 hertz. What is its time period?
(a) 0.02 s (b) 2 s (c) 0.2 s (d) 20.0 s
Soln:
Answer is (a) 0.02 s
Explanation:
If an object is vibrating at 50 hertz
50 = 1/T
T = 1/50
T = 0.02s
Its time period will be 0.02 sec
Question 13. In order to reduce the loudness of a sound, we have to
(a) decrease its frequency of vibration of the sound. (b) increase its frequency of vibration of the sound.
(c) decrease its amplitude of vibration of the sound. (d) increase its amplitude of vibration of the sound.
Soln:Answer is (c) decrease its amplitude of vibration of the sound.
Explanation:
Sound is directly proportional to loudness of sound. Hence by decreasing amplitude loudness of the sound decreases.