Q.No.

Section - A 20 * 1 =20M

1. The focal length of a plane mirror is: 1

a. -1 cm b. +1 cm

c. 0 d. infinity

2. An object is placed at a distance of 40 cm in front of a concave mirror of a focal length of 20 cm. 1

a. virtual and inverted b. real and erect

c. real, inverted and of the twice the size as that d. real, inverted and of the same size as
of the object that of the object

3. Which of the following statements about the retina is true? 1

a. It is the outermost layer of the eye. b. It is responsible for detecting color

and fine details.

c. It produces tears that lubricate the eye. d. It controls the amount of light that
enters the eye.

4. Which of the following conditions is caused by the clouding of the lens in the eye? 1

a. Myopia b. Hypermetropia

c. Cataract d. Astigmatism

5. Which of the given statements is not true, regarding the electrical set-up for the verification 1
of Ohm’s law:

a. The voltmeter is connected in parallel b. The ammeter is connected in series

 with the known resistance circuit

c. The rheostat can only increase the d. The single key is used to switch
resistance in electric circuit on/off the electric circuit

6. A battery of 12V is connected in series with resistors of 0.2 ohm, 0.3 ohm, 0.4 ohm, 0.5 ohm and 12 ohm. 1
How much current would flow through the 0.3 ohm resistor?

a. 0.89 A b. 1.11 A

c. 0.5 A d. 0.66 A

7. If the length of a conductor and its radius is increased twice, how will the resistance change? 1

a. Resistance will remain unchanged b. Resistance increase twice

c. Resistance will become half d. Resistance will increase 4 times

8. Sodium carbonate is a salt formed by the combination of: 1

a. strong acid and strong base b. Weak acid and weak base

c. Strong acid and weak base d. Weak acid and strong base

9. The apparatus given in the adjoining figure was set up to demonstrate electrical conductivity. 1

Which of the following statement(s) is (are) correct?

(i) The Bulb will not glow because electrolyte is not acidic.
 (ii) Bulb will glow because HCl is a strong acid and furnishes ions for conduction.
(iii) Bulb will not glow because the circuit is incomplete.
(iv) Bulb will not glow because it depends upon the type of electrolytic solution.

a. (i) and (iii) b. (ii) and (iv)

c. (ii) only d. (iv) only

10. One of the following processes does not involve a chemical reaction, that is: 1

a. Melting of candle wax when heated b. Burning of candle wax when

heated

c. Digestion of food in your stomach d. Ripening of banana

11. Which of the following statements about the given reaction are correct? 1
3Fe (s) + 4H2O (g) → Fe3O4 (s) + 4 H2 (g)
(i) Iron metal is getting oxidised
(ii) Water is getting reduced
(iii) Water is acting as reducing agent
(iv) Water is acting as oxidising agent

a. (i), (ii) and (iii). b. (iii) and (iv)

c. (i), (ii) and (iv). d. (ii) and (iv)

12. An aqueous solution turns the red litmus solution blue. Excess addition of which of the 1
following solutions would reverse the change?

a. Baking powder b. Lime water

c. Ammonium Hydroxide d. Hydrochloric Acid

13. Caustic Soda is the common name for: 1

a. Sodium Carbonate b. Potassium Chloride

c. Sodium Hydroxide d. Sodium Chloride

14. A feature of reproduction that is common to Amoeba, Spirogyra, and yeast is that 1

a. They reproduce asexually b. They are all unicellular

c. They reproduce only sexually d. They are all multicellular

15. Posture and balance of the body is controlled by 1

a. Cerebrum b. cerebellum

c. medulla d. pons

16. Which among the following is not the function of testes at puberty? 1
(i) Formation of germ cells
(ii) Secretion of testosterone
(iii) Development of placenta
(iv) Secretion of estrogen

a. (i) and (ii) b. (ii) and (iii)

c. (iii) and (iv) d. (i) and (iv)

17. Assertion (A): Artificial kidney is a device used to remove nitrogenous waste products from 1
the blood through dialysis.
Reason (R): Reabsorption does not occur in artificial kidneys.

a. Both A and R are true and R is the b. Both A and R are true but R is not
correct explanation of A. the correct explanation of A.

c. A is true but R is false. d. A is false but R is true.

18. Assertion: Silver bromide decomposition is used in black and white photography. 1
Reason: Light provides energy for this exothermic reaction.

a. Both A and R are true and R is the b. Both A and R are true but R is not
correct explanation of A. the correct explanation of A.

c. A is true but R is false. d. A is false but R is true.

19. Assertion (A): On adding dil. HCl to a test tube containing a substance ‘X’, a colourless gas 1
is produced which gives a pop sound when a burning match stick is brought near it.
Reason (R): In this reaction metal ‘X’ is displaced by Hydrogen.

a. Both A and R are true and R is the b. Both A and R are true but R is not
correct explanation of A. the correct explanation of A.

c. A is true but R is false. d. A is false but R is true.

20. Assertion: Aerobic animals are not truly aerobic. 1

Reason: Anaerobically they produce lactic acid.

a. Both A and R are true and R is the b. Both A and R are true but R is not
correct explanation of A. the correct explanation of A.

c. A is true but R is false. d. A is false but R is true.

6 * 2 =12
Q No. Section - B

21. 2
● Slaked lime is also known as Calcium hydroxide. (0.5 M)
● When mixed in water, it produces a clear solution of Ca(OH)2 (0.5 M)
● Calcium hydroxide reacts with Carbon dioxide present in the atmosphere. (0.5 M)
● It forms Calcium carbonate which results in milkiness/white ppt CaCO3

Ca(OH)₂ (aq) + CO₂ (g) → CaCO₃ (ppt) ↓+ H₂O (l) - (0.5 M)

Make sure you write the states and balance the equations

OR

21 Fe(s) + HCl(aq) → FeCl₂/ FeCl₃(aq) + H₂(g)↑ (1 M) 2

Make sure you write the states and balance the equations

Zn (s)+ HCl(aq) → ZnCl₂(aq) + H₂(g)↑ - 1M (1 M)

Make sure you write the states and balance the equations
22 Dispersion- The splitting of white light into seven colours on passing through a prism. (1 2
mark)
Velocity is directly proportional to wavelength given constant frequency.
So yellow will have greater wavelength than blue as the velocity of yellow light is greater
than blue. (0.5 + 0.5 mark)

23 A. The lens is a convex lens.(0.5 M) 2

B. The image is virtual. (0.5 M)
C. Magnification for lens = 𝑣/𝑢 = ℎ𝑖/ℎ𝑜 = 2. (0.5 M)
−30𝑐𝑚 /u = 2

Hence u = -15 cm (0.5 M) (Cut marks if not unit is written)

24 A. Exothermic Displacement reaction/Redox reaction. (0.5 M) 2

Heat is evolved or a More reactive element displaces a less reactive element or aluminium
reduces iron (II) oxide to iron (0.5 M)
B. Double displacement / Precipitation reaction (0.5 M)
As there is an exchange of ions between reactants and products / (Yellow) precipitate (of
Lead iodide) is formed (0.5 M) (Yellow colour of lead iodide should be mentioned)

25 Cells of roots are in close contact with soil and so actively take up ions. The ion 2
concentration increases inside the root, and hence osmotic pressure increases the movement
of water from the soil into the root which occurs continuously.

26 Two functions performed by the pancreas in our body are: 2

(i) The pancreas acts as a gland by secreting pancreatic juice which contains enzymes and
helps in digestion.
(ii) It secretes insulin which helps in regulating blood sugar levels.

OR

26. DDT being a non-biodegradable pesticide will enter the food chain from the first trophic 2
level. i.e., plankton. As DDT is non-biodegradable, it accumulates in an organism's body,
and its concentration loups on Increasing at each trophic level. The maximum concentration
of DDT gets accumulated in Hawk. This is because hawks have occupied the topmost place
in the given food chain.

Q.No. Section - C 7 * 3 = 21
 M

27. i. The refractive index of a medium with respect to air is given by 3

𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑎𝑖𝑟/ 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑚 .
Since the speed of light in the medium is always less than the speed of light in air, hence the
above ratio is always greater than 1. [0.5+0.5]
ii. The ray of light is undergoing normal incidence at the air-plastic block interface. And for
normal incidence there is no deviation. [1]

iii. [0.5+0.5]

28. A. 3
(i) X = NaHCO3; Z = Na2CO3 (0.5+0.5)
(ii) Decomposition reaction (0.5)
(iii) Solution A (0.5)
(iv)Increasing order or H+ ions C<B<A (1)

OR

28. (i) As bee sting is acidic and wasp sting is basic. (1) 3
(ii) To change the nature of soil to (neutral or basic). (1)
(iii) To protect sculptures from the effects of certain gasses present in
environment and acid rain. (1)

29. (a) Anode: Chlorine;(0.5) Cathode: Hydrogen (0.5) 3

(b) Chlor alkali process as the products obtained are alkali,(0.5)
chlorine gas and hydrogen gas (0.5)

Electric current
(c) 2NaCl(aq) + 2H2O(l) —>2NaOH(aq) + Cl2 (g) + H2 (g) (1)
Make sure you write the states and balance the equations

30. A. Hypermetropia is a defect that causes difficulty in focusing on near objects, with clearer 3
vision observed for distant objects. In Myopia distant objects appear blurry while near
 objects are seen clearly. (1)

B. (i) The image shows a case of hypermetropia. (0.5)

(ii) shortening of the eyeball or focal length of the eye lens becomes too long. (0.5)
(iii) No the concave lens would diverge the rays coming to the eyeball and will push the
image even further, but a convex lens should be used which will help to converge the rays
and create the image at the exact place on the retina. (1)

31. (a) The object has to be placed at a distance between 0 - 40 cm. This is because image is 3
virtual, erect and magnified when the object is placed between F and P. (1)

(1M)
(c)Used as shaving mirror or used by dentists to get enlarged image of teeth (any one use )
(1M)

32. We can reduce the problem of waste disposal in the following ways 3

(1) By segregating and disposing biodegradable

and non-biodegradable substances separately. (ii) By converting domestic wastes such as

fruit and vegetable pools, leftover food, dry leaves, etc. into compost by burying them in a
pit in the ground.

(iii) By recycling plastic, paper, glass, and metal items to make required things instead of
synthesizing or extracting fresh plastic, paper, glasses, or metal.

OR

Nutrition in Amoeba: Amoeba has no mouth for ingestion of food. It ingests food by using 3
its pseudopodia. The food is digested in the food vacuole by digestive enzymes and is
absorbed directly into the cytoplasm by diffusion. The undigested food is removed by the
cell membrane.

Nutrition in Paramoecium: In paramoeciun food is taken in at a specific spot. Food is moved

 to this spot by the movement of cilia which cover the entire surface of the cell.

33. Characteristics of sexual reproduction are as follows 3

(i) Two parents are involved.

(ii) Two dissimilar gametes are formed and gamete formation involves meiosis.

(iii) Variations are produced.

(iv) Occurs in all the higher and some of the lower organisms.

(v) Fertilization of gametes leading to zygote formation.

(vi) Slow process.

Q.No. Section - D (3Qx5M)

34. a. Rheostat is the device which is often used to change the resistance without changing 3+2
the voltage source in an electric circuit. (1 M)

We are given, length of wire, l = 50 cm = 50 × 10-2 m

cross-sectional area,
A = 0.01 mm² (0.5)
= 0.01 × 10-6 m² and resistivity, ρ = 5 x 10-8 Ω m. (0.5)
As, resistance, R = ρl/A
∴ R = (5×10−8×50×10−2 /0.01×10−6)Ω (0.5)
= 2.5 Ω (0.5)

b. If the radius of conductor is halved, the area of cross-section reduced to (1/4) of its
previous value.
Since, R ∝ 1/A, resistance will become four times (1 M)
From Ohm’s law, V = IR
For given V, I ∝ 1/R
So, current will reduce to one-fourth of its previous value.(1 M)

OR
34. a. Given resistance of wire, R = 6 Ω (0.5) 3 +2
Let l be the length of the wire and A be its area of
cross-section. Then
R = ρl/A (0.5)
=6Ω
Now when the length is doubled, l’ = 2l and A’ = A/2
∴ R’ = ρ(2l)/A/2=4ρl/A (0.5)
= 4 × 6 Ω = 24 Ω(0.5)
b. Given the total resistance of the combination = 3 Ω
In order to get a total resistance of 3 Ω, the three resistors has to be connected as
shown.

(0.5)

Such that, 1/RP = ½ + ½

=1
⇒ Rp = 1 Ω
and Rs = 2 Ω + 1 Ω = 3 Ω (0.5)

c. Let resistance of each resistor be R.

For series combination,
Rs = R1 + R2
So, Rs = R + R = 2R (0.5)
For parallel combination,

(0.5)

35. a. The white powder added while baking cakes to make it soft and spongy is baking 2+3
powder. Its main ingredients are sodium hydrogen carbonate and a mild edible acid
like tartaric acid or citric acid. (1 M)

NaHCO3 decomposes to give out CO2 which causes the cake to rise and makes it soft
 and spongy. The function of tartaric acid or citric acid is to neutralise sodium
carbonate formed during heating which can otherwise make the cake bitter.
Reaction taking place when the powder is heated:

(1 M)

b. (i) Only one half of a water molecule is shown in the formula of plaster of Paris
(CaSO4. 1/2 H2O) as one molecule of water is being shared by two molecules of
calcium sulphate (CaSO4). So the effective water of crystallisation for one CaSO4
unit comes to half a molecule of water.(1 M)

(ii) Acidity can be neutralised by a base. Sodium hydrogen carbonate can be used as
an antacid solution because it is a weak base and will react
with excess acid produced in the stomach due to hyperacidity and will neutralise it.
(1 M)

(iii) Blue coloured copper sulphate crystals are hydrated copper sulphate,
CuSO4.5H2O. On heating blue copper sulphate crystals looses its water of
crystallisation and turns into anhydrous copper sulphate which is white in colour.

(1 M)

36. Ans: Vegetative propagation is a sexual method of reproduction by which new plants are 5
developed by using the vegetative parts of the plants, like nuts, leaves, or stems.

Three methods of artificial vegetative propagation are usually employed: (i) cutting, (ii)
layering, and (iii) grafting

(i) Cutting: A piece of a stem, root, leaf or even a bulb scale may be used as cutting in which
it is placed partly under moist soil, where it develops new roots and leaves and finally
develops into a new plant which is similar to the parent plant, eg, rose, grapes,etc.

(ii) Layering: A part of the stem is pulled out and buried in the soil in such a way that it
remains attached to the parent plant.

In due course of time modes of layered stem give rise to roots. Now, this new plant can be
taken out from the soil and grown at any other suitable place, e.g., pudina.
 (iii) Grafting: In grafting, two parts from two different plants are joined together in such a
way that they unite and grow as one plant.

The stock, te, the plant in which grafting is performed and scion, the portion of the plant that
is grafted are tied together in such a way that the cambium of the two parts comes in contact
with each other, eg, citrus plants like orange, lime, etc.

OR

36.
(i) A-Ureter
B Seminal vesicle
C-Urethra
 D-Vas deference

(ii) The hormone secreted by the testes is testosterone

Role of Testosterone:

(i) It regulates the formation of sperm.

(ii) It brings a change in the appearance of boys at the time of puberty.

(iii) Function of B: It provides nutrition and transportation to sperms

Function of C: It. forma a common passage for both the sperms' sad urine.

Q.No. Section - E 3 x 4 =12 M

37. i) Rusting is an oxidation process, and is more likely to occur on the metal surface. 4

ii) Gold and Platinum

iii) When fats and oils are oxidized in the presence of air, they become rancid and their smell
and taste changes.This phenomenon is called rancidity. Rancidity can be prevented by. i.
Using antioxidants- Substances that prevent oxidation are called antioxidants. They are
added to foods containing fats and oils
OR
iv) Rust is a reddish-brown flaky coat present on the metal. Technically, rust is a Hydrated
Iron (III) Oxide whose chemical formula is Fe2O3 x H2O.
The rusting of the iron formula is represented by
4Fe+3O2+x.H2O→2Fe2O3.xH2O.
Rusting can be prevented by galvanization, painting, and the application of grease.

38. 4

i) Blue
ii)Sunlight reaches Earth's atmosphere and is scattered in all directions by all the gases and
particles in the air. Blue light is scattered more than the other colors because it travels as
shorter, smaller waves. This is why we see a blue sky most of the time.
Attempt either subpart iii or iv.
iii) The stars twinkle in the night sky because of the effects of our atmosphere. When
starlight enters our atmosphere it is affected by winds in the atmosphere and by areas with
 different temperatures and densities. This causes the light from the star to twinkle when seen
from the ground.
OR
iv) The phenomena of advanced sunrise and delayed sunset are caused by atmospheric
refraction. In this case, the Sun appears to rise 2 minutes earlier and set 2 minutes later.

39. The human brain, part of the central nervous system, controls body activities by processing
sensory information and issuing instructions. It consists of the cerebrum, brainstem, and
cerebellum, with the cerebrum being the largest and divided into two hemispheres. The brain
is protected by the skull, cerebrospinal fluid, and the blood-brain barrier. However, it is
susceptible to damage from trauma, strokes, degenerative diseases, and psychiatric
disorders. Tumors can also affect the brain. Neuroanatomy studies its structure, while
neuroscience focuses on its functions.

1. Which is the central part of the nervous system? 1

Ans: The central part of the nervous system is the brain.

2. What is the largest part of the human brain? 1

Ans: The cerebrum is the largest part of the human brain.

3. What are the functions of the brain? 2

Ans: It controls most of the activities of the body like processing, integrating, and
coordinating the information it receives from the sense organs and making decisions on the
instructions sent to the rest of the body.

OR

What makes this area vulnerable to damage? What is the branch which studies the
anatomy of the brain?
Ans: It is susceptible to damage from trauma, strokes, degenerative diseases, and psychiatric
disorders. Tumors can also affect the brain. The study of the anatomy of the brain is
neuroanatomy.