ASSIGNMEN

T
ON
History of Braille

Course Name: Teaching student with special need in special

school-II
Course No: ETC – 582

SUBMITTED BY: SUBMITTED

Eiakub Ali TO:
ID: 1811087117
Nasrin Ahmed
2017 – 2018 (3rd Year
Lecturer
5th Semester)
Institute of Education &
Institute of Education &
Research
Research
University of Rajshahi
University of Rajshahi

Institute of Education &

Research
University of Rajshahi
Submission Date – 25-02-2020
 INDEX

CONTENT Page No.

What is Braille?...............................................................01

The invention and Inventor of Braille..............................01

A brief history of Braille

Night Writing...................................................................02

Louis Braille's developing of Braille System..................03

The history of Braille in Bangladesh................................04

Reference.........................................................................05
What is Braille?

Braille is a System of touch reading and writing for visually

impaired persons in which raised dots represent the letters of the

alphabet. Braille is read by moving the hand or hands from left to

right along each line. Both hands are usually involved in the

reading process, and reading is generally done with the index

fingers. It is traditionally written with embossed paper. It has 6

raised dots and 63 characters in 6 position matrix or cell. There are

are 3 levels of encoding in English Braille. Grade-1 a letter by

letter transcription used for Basic literacy. Grade 2 an addition of

abbreviations and contractions and grade 3 various non-standardize

personal stenography.

The invention and the inventor of Braille

Braille is named after its creator laws Braille. He was born on 4

January 1809. As soon as he could walk, Braille spent time playing

in his father's workshop. At the age of 3 the child was playing with

the some of the tools trying to make holes in a piece of leather with

an awl. Accidently he lost his sight during playing by the awl. In

1824 at the age of 15 he attended France's Royal Institute for Blind

Youth. The school had a number of books in which the letters were

raised, but these were hard to both make and read. After hearing

about a military code using raised dots, he created a simpler

system to represent French regular and accented letters. He first

published a description of his system. Including musical notation

in 1829. He became professor at the institute for blind youth. Then

he published an update in 1837.

A brief History of Braille

Night writing:

The history of Braille goes all the way back to 1800s. Before

Braille, there was night writing at the request of napoleon, and then

several soldiers of Charles barber were killed because of using

lamps after dark to read combat messages. He wanted a code that

soldiers could use to communicate silently and under cover of

night. The night writing system based on raised 12 dot cell. Two

columns and six rows. Each dot or combination of dots within the

cell represented a letter or a phonetic sound. The problem with the

military code was that the human fingertip could not feel all the

dots with one touch.

Louis Braille developing Braille system:

At the age of 11 Braille found inspiration to modify Charles

Barbier's "Night Writing" code in an effort to create an efficient

written communication system for fellow blind individuals. One

ear earlier he was enrolled at the national institute of the blind in

Paris. He spent the better part of the next nine years developing

and refining the system of raised dots that has come to known by

his name Braille. By reducing the maximum number of dots per

symbol from twelve to six, readers could feel the endive symbol

under their fingertips without moving and then move on to the next

symbol quelled. After realization the difficulty to decode barbier's

system he reduced the maximums number of dots. There used 63

characters code. Each letter number or symbol was different. Each

character is a rectangle of 6 circles in a relies form. Everyone said

that Braille system wouldn't work and in the school they removed

it. But the student used it secretly. Braille died by tuberculosis

thinking that his communication system had failed. The

government of France officially recognized Braille in 1854 and

Royal institute of Blind Youth started using Braille.

The history of Braille in Bangladesh:

In the year of 1955-56 ministry of social welfare established five

visual impaired schools through the department of social welfare.

In 1969 a hand operated mechanical Braille press was first

established at the government level in the country with the help of

the American society for the blind to print the Braille system

textbook for students studying in established schools. As the press

was not open for a long time, all the machinery of the press fells

into disarray. To increase quality and quantity of visual impaired

education government planned to establish 1 visual impaired

school in each district.

Under the project, under the directorate of supply and shipping a

vange of dodge Braid presses were imported from Norway by

messrs rangers Ltd. Although the Braille press lacks the

appropriate Braille soft array, the Braille system textbook was

supplied to the needs of visually impaired by printing soft Braille

text locally through this press for a long time. Braille textbook

printing institute for visual disabilities collects Braille printers

from different places of department of social service, and prints

several Braille textbooks up to class 8. 1 January 2015, they were

provided Braille textbooks with general students through the prime

minister. These printers have already printed and supplied the

textbooks of public and private level demanding Braille system for

2016 education years.

Reference

www.ercph.gov.bd

https:/.brailleworks.com> history

Braille – Wikipedia

https://www.softschools.com> Braille

https://www.acb.org> History of Braille

https://k-international.com