Chapter 1 Tools of Geometry

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

1-3 Study Guide and Intervention

Distance and Midpoints
Distance Between Two Points
Distance on a Number Line Distance in the Coordinate Plane

A B Pythagorean Theorem: y
a2  b2  c2
a b B(1, 3)
Distance Formula:
AB  | b
a | or | a
b |
d  

(x2


x1)2 

(y2


y1)2
A(–2, –1) O x
C (1, –1)

Example 1 Find AB. Example 2 Find the distance between

A B A(
2,
1) and B(1, 3).

5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3
Pythagorean Theorem Distance Formula

AB  | (
4)
2 | (AB)2  (AC)2  (BC)2 d  

(x2


x1)2 

(y2


y1)2
 |
6 | (AB)2  (3)2  (4)2
AB  

(1
(


2))2

 (3


(
1))2

6 (AB)2  25
AB  

(3)2 

(4)2
AB  25


 25


5
5

Lesson 1-3
Exercises
Use the number line to find each measure. A B C DE F G

1. BD 2. DG –10 –8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8

3. AF 4. EF
5. BG 6. AG
7. BE 8. DE

Use the Pythagorean Theorem to find the distance between each pair of points.

9. A(0, 0), B(6, 8) 10. R(
2, 3), S(3, 15)

11. M(1,
2), N(9, 13) 12. E(
12, 2), F(
9, 6)

Use the Distance Formula to find the distance between each pair of points.

13. A(0, 0), B(15, 20) 14. O(
12, 0), P(
8, 3)

15. C(11,
12), D(6, 2) 16. E(
2, 10), F(
4, 3)

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 13 Glencoe Geometry

 Chapter 1 Tools of Geometry

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

1-3 Study Guide and Intervention (continued)

Distance and Midpoints

Midpoint of a Segment
Midpoint on a If the coordinates of the endpoints of a segment are a and b,
Number Line a 
then the coordinate of the midpoint of the segment is  b.
2
If a segment has endpoints with coordinates (x1, y1) and (x2, y2),
Midpoint on a
x x y y
Coordinate Plane 1
then the coordinates of the midpoint of the segment are 2 1
,
2
2
.
2 

Example 1
Q
Find the coordinate of the midpoint of P
.
P Q

–3 –2 –1 0 1 2

The coordinates of P and Q are
3 and 1.

3  1
2

Q
If M is the midpoint of P
, then the coordinate of M is    or
1.
2 2

Example 2
Q
M is the midpoint of P
for P(2, 4) and Q(4, 1). Find the
coordinates of M.
x x y y
M 
1
2 1
,2
 ,  or (1, 2.5)
2 2  
22 4 41
2 

Exercises
Use the number line to find the coordinate of A B C D EF G
the midpoint of each segment.
–10 –8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8

E
1. C

G
2. D

F
3. A

G
4. E

B
5. A

G
6. B

D
7. B

E
8. D

Find the coordinates of the midpoint of a segment having the given endpoints.

9. A(0, 0), B(12, 8) 10. R(
12, 8), S(6, 12)

11. M(11,
2), N(
9, 13) 12. E(
2, 6), F(
9, 3)

13. S(10,
22), T(9, 10) 14. M(
11, 2), N(
19, 6)

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 14 Glencoe Geometry

 Chapter 1 Tools of Geometry

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

1-3 Skills Practice

Distance and Midpoints
Use the number line to find each measure. J K L M N

1. LN 2. JL –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8 10

3. KN 4. MN

Use the Pythagorean Theorem to find the distance between each pair of points.

5. y 6. y S

O x O x

7. K(2, 3), F(4, 4) 8. C(
3,
1), Q(
2, 3)

Use the Distance Formula to find the distance between each pair of points.

9. Y(2, 0), P(2, 6) 10. W(
2, 2), R(5, 2)

Lesson 1-3
11. A(
7,
3), B(5, 2) 12. C(
3, 1), Q(2, 6)

Use the number line to find the coordinate A B C D E

of the midpoint of each segment.
–6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12

E
13. D

C
14. B

D
15. B

D
16. A

Find the coordinates of the midpoint of a segment having the given endpoints.

17. T(3, 1), U(5, 3) 18. J(
4, 2), F(5,
2)

Q
Find the coordinates of the missing endpoint given that P is the midpoint of N
.

19. N(2, 0), P(5, 2) 20. N(5, 4), P(6, 3) 21. Q(3, 9), P(
1, 5)

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 15 Glencoe Geometry

 Chapter 1 Tools of Geometry

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

1-3 Practice
Distance and Midpoints
Use the number line to find each measure. S T U V W

1. VW 2. TV –10 –8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8

3. ST 4. SV

Use the Pythagorean Theorem to find the distance between each pair of points.

5. y 6. y S
Z

O x O x
M

Use the Distance Formula to find the distance between each pair of points.

7. L(
7, 0), Y(5, 9) 8. U(1, 3), B(4, 6)

Use the number line to find the coordinate P Q R S T

of the midpoint of each segment.
–10 –8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6

T
9. R

R
10. Q

T
11. S

R
12. P

Find the coordinates of the midpoint of a segment having the given endpoints.

13. K(
9, 3), H(5, 7) 14. W(
12,
7), T(
8,
4)

F
Find the coordinates of the missing endpoint given that E is the midpoint of D
.

15. F(5, 8), E(4, 3) 16. F(2, 9), E(
1, 6) 17. D(
3,
8), E(1,
2)

18. PERIMETER The coordinates of the vertices of a quadrilateral are R(
1, 3), S(3, 3),
T(5,
1), and U(
2,
1). Find the perimeter of the quadrilateral. Round to the
nearest tenth.

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 16 Glencoe Geometry

 Chapter 1 Tools of Geometry

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

1-3 Reading to Learn Mathematics

Distance and Midpoints
Pre-Activity How can you find the distance between two points without a ruler?
Read the introduction to Lesson 1-3 at the top of page 21 in your textbook.
• Look at the triangle in the introduction to this lesson. What is the special

B
name for A
in this triangle?
• Find AB in this figure. Write your answer both as a radical and as a
decimal number rounded to the nearest tenth.

Reading the Lesson

1. Match each formula or expression in the first column with one of the names in the
second column.
a. d  

(x2


x1)2 

( y2


y1)2 i. Pythagorean Theorem
ab
b.  ii. Distance Formula in the Coordinate Plane
2
c. XY  | a
b | iii. Midpoint of a Segment in the Coordinate Plane

d. c2  a2  b2 iv. Distance Formula on a Number Line

x x y y

1
e.  2 1
, 
2
2
2  v. Midpoint of a Segment on a Number Line

2. Fill in the steps to calculate the distance between the points M(4,
3) and N(
2, 7).
Let (x1, y1)  (4,
3). Then (x2, y2)  ( , ).



Lesson 1-3
d (
)2  (
)2
MN  




(
)2  (
)2
MN  


( )2  ( )2
MN  




MN  

Find a decimal approximation for MN to the nearest hundredth.

Helping You Remember

3. A good way to remember a new formula in mathematics is to relate it to one you already
know. If you forget the Distance Formula, how can you use the Pythagorean Theorem to
find the distance d between two points on a coordinate plane?

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 17 Glencoe Geometry

 Chapter 1 Tools of Geometry

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

1-3 Enrichment

Lengths on a Grid
Evenly-spaced horizontal and vertical lines form a grid.
You can easily find segment lengths on
A R
a grid if the endpoints are grid-line
intersections. For horizontal or vertical C
segments, simply count squares. For
diagonal segments, use the Pythagorean
S
Theorem (proven in Chapter 7). This
theorem states that in any right triangle, D
if the length of the longest side (the side B
opposite the right angle) is c and the two I
shorter sides have lengths a and b, then
c2  a2  b2. Q
E L
Example Find the measure of
J
F


EF
on the grid at the right. Locate

F
a right triangle with E
as its
longest side. K N M
E

5 F
EF  

22  52
 29

 5.4 units

Find each measure to the nearest tenth of a unit.

1.
IJ




2. MN 3.

RS

S
4. Q

5.
I

K


6. JK
M
7. L



8. L N

Use the grid above. Find the perimeter of each triangle to the nearest tenth
of a unit.

9.
ABC 10.
QRS 11.
DEF 12.
LMN

13. Of all the segments shown on the 14. On the grid, 1 unit  0.5 cm. How can the
grid, which is longest? What is its answers above be used to find the measures
length? in centimeters?

15. Use your answer from exercise 8 to 16. Use a centimeter ruler to find the perimeter
calculate the length of segment LN of triangle IJK to the nearest tenth of a
in centimeters. Check by measuring centimeter.
with a centimeter ruler.

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 18 Glencoe Geometry