Scribd
Upload
7 views

EE_Lecture-4

Uploaded by

supermezo9090
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
7 views

EE_Lecture-4

Uploaded by

supermezo9090
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 20

Electrical Engineering

Dr. Mostafa Khalil Mohamed


Electrical Power and Machines Engineering Dept.
Faculty of Engineering – Helwan University
Chapter 4: DC Circuit Theorems
Thevenin’s Theorem

Thevenin’s theorem states that a linear two-


terminal circuit can be replaced by an
equivalent circuit consisting of a voltage
source 𝑽𝒕𝒉 in series with a resistor 𝑹𝒕𝒉 , where
𝑽𝒕𝒉 is the open-circuit voltage at the terminals
and 𝑹𝒕𝒉 is the input or equivalent resistance at
the terminals when the independent sources
are turned off.
■ CASE 1 If the network has no dependent sources, we turn off all
independent sources. 𝑹𝒕𝒉 is the input resistance of the network looking
between terminals a and b.
■ CASE 2 If the network has dependent sources, we turn off all
independent sources. As with superposition, dependent sources are not to
be turned off because they are controlled by circuit variables. We apply a
voltage source 𝒗𝒐 at terminals a and b and determine the resulting
𝒗𝒐
current 𝒊𝒐 . Then 𝑹𝒕𝒉 =
𝒊𝒐
Example 1
Find the Thevenin equivalent circuit of the circuit shown in figure, to the
left of the terminals a-b. Then find the current through 𝑹𝑳 = 𝟔 , 𝟏𝟔 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟑𝟔 Ω
Solution
To find 𝑹𝑻𝒉

To find 𝑽𝑻𝒉
Example 2

Find the Thevenin equivalent of the circuit in the following figure at terminals a-b.
Solution
To find 𝑹𝑻𝒉 we set the independent source equal to
zero but leave the dependent source.
Applying mesh analysis to loop 1

Solving these equations gives


To get 𝑽𝑻𝒉 , we find 𝒗𝑶𝑪 in the circuit
Practice Problem 1

Find the Thevenin equivalent circuit


Norton’s Theorem
Norton’s theorem states that a linear two-terminal
circuit can be replaced by an equivalent circuit
consisting of a current source 𝑰𝑵 in parallel with a
resistor 𝑹𝑵 , where 𝑰𝑵 is the short-circuit current
through the terminals and 𝑹𝑵 is the input or
equivalent resistance at the terminals when the
independent sources are turned off.
Example 3
Find the Norton equivalent circuit at terminals a-b.
Solution
We find 𝑹𝑵 in the same way we find 𝑹𝑻𝒉 in the Thevenin equivalent circuit.

To find 𝑰𝑵 we short-circuit terminals a and b

Norton equivalent of the circuit


Example 4
Using Norton’s theorem, find 𝑹𝑵 and 𝑰𝑵 of the circuit at terminals a-b.
Solution
To find 𝑹𝑵 we set the independent voltage source equal to zero
and connect a voltage source of 𝒗𝒐 = 𝟏 𝑽 (or any unspecified
voltage 𝒗𝒐 ) to the terminals.
𝟏
𝒊𝒙 = 𝟎 𝒊𝒐 = = 𝟎. 𝟐 𝑨
𝟓
𝒗𝒐 𝟏
𝑹𝑵 = = =𝟓𝛀
𝒊𝒐 𝟎. 𝟐
To find 𝑰𝑵 we short-circuit terminals a and b and find the current
𝒊𝑺𝑪 as indicated in figure.
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎
𝒊𝒙 = = 𝟐. 𝟓 𝑨 𝒊𝑺𝑪 = + 𝟐(𝟐. 𝟓) = 𝟕 𝑨
𝟒 𝟓
𝑰𝑵 = 𝟕 𝑨
Practice Problem 2
Find the Norton equivalent circuit at terminals a-b.
Maximum Power Transfer

Maximum power is transferred to the load when the load


resistance equals the Thevenin resistance. (𝑹𝑳 = 𝑹𝑻𝒉 ).
Example 5

Find the value of 𝑹𝑳 for maximum power transfer in the circuit. Find the maximum power.
Solution
Practice Problem 3

Determine the value of 𝑹𝑳 that will draw the maximum power from the rest of the
circuit. Calculate the maximum power.

You might also like