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Physics_Work_Energy_Power

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Physics_Work_Energy_Power

Uploaded by

fmlvphp
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Physics: Work, Energy, and Power

Work
You have learned before that an object is said to have done work if its position or shape
changed under the action of a force applied on it.

If we place an object on a horizontal plane and apply a constant force of 1 N on it until it


moves a distance of 1 m along the direction of the force:

Formula:
Work done by a force = Force × Displacement in the direction of the force

Examples of Work Done


1. A force of 7.5 N acts on an object and displaces it by 8 m in the direction of the force.

2. The weight of an object is 40 N. What is the work done in lifting the object by 2 m?

3. The mass of an object is 5 kg. Find the work done in lifting it upwards by 3 m.

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18.2 Energy
Energy is the ability to do work. The unit for energy is the same as work: joules (J).

Types of Energy
1. Heat energy

2. Electric energy

3. Magnetic energy

4. Mechanical energy (potential and kinetic)

5. Light energy

6. Sound energy

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Kinetic Energy
The energy possessed by an object due to its motion.

Formula:

m: mass of the object

v: velocity of the object

Examples of Kinetic Energy

1. An object with mass 6 kg moves at a velocity of 4 m/s.

2. An object with mass 4 kg moves at a velocity of 2 m/s.

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Potential Energy
The energy stored in an object due to its position or shape.

Formula: Ep = mgh

Where:

- m: mass of the object

- g: acceleration due to gravity

- h: height of the object

Examples of Potential Energy


1. An object with mass 7.5 kg lifted to a height of 4 m.

2. A fruit with mass 200 g (0.2 kg) at a height of 4 m.

Potential energy can transform into kinetic energy and vice versa:

1. A cyclist moves up a hill, converting kinetic energy into potential energy.

2. A swing moves back and forth, alternating between kinetic and potential energy.

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18.3 Power
Power is the rate of doing work.

Formula: P = Work done / Time taken

Examples of Power
1. A 5 kg object is lifted to 8 m in 10 s.

2. A machine operates at 100 W for 1 minute.

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