The Development

of Visual Arts
Objectives

1. To be able to show the progress of selected

visual arts, such as painting, sculpture, &
architecture, from prehistoric times to the
modern times
2. To be able to present selected illustrations
that are characteristic of a certain historical
period
The Development
of Painting
Pre-Historic Painting(40,000 BC-
9000BC)
 Animal spear & other
rudimentary materials
were utilized to produce
pre-historic paintings
 Drawn on caves, stones
& on earth-filled ground
 Hunting and employed
stylistic movement
Pre-historic Greek Art was seen in 4
periods:
Pre historic Greek painting

1.Formativeor Pre-
Greek Period
- Motif was sea
and nature
2. First Greek
Period
- Largely of
Egyptian influence
3. Golden Age (480-
400BC)
- Period in which
aesthetic ideal is based
on the representation of
a divine system
4. Hellenistic Period
(4th Century-1st BC)
- Discussed
heightened
individualism and
featured tragic
mood & contorted
faces (lacaustic
painting)
 Pre-historic Roman Painting
 Etruscan Period(2000-1000BC)
Pre-historic Roman Art - Subject matters o paintings were
encompassed 2 periods ancestor worship, catacombs,
sarcophages.
- Numerous Etruscan tomb paintings
illustrate scenes of the life, death and
mythology.
- They use a palette dominated by
warm and bright colors framed by a
stroke of dark line delimiting the figure
giving the feeling of that are clipped
on the bottom. They address mostly
issues about daily life.
 2. Roman Period
Roman Period
(2000 BC-400AD)
- Characterized by
commemorative
statues,
sarcophages(
coffin), frescoes
and designs with
vine motifs
Painting in Medieval Period
There were 3 Art Classifications during Medieval Period
1. Early Christian art  Subjectmatters of arts were
symbols: cross, fish, lamb,
alpha and omega, triumphal
wreaths, grapes, doves and
peacocks.
 Haloed Christ, saints and
martyrs & Virgin Mary began
to appear in painting at a
later time.
Painting in Medieval Period
2. Byzantine art The subject
matters of
paintings were
Christ as the
Creator and Mary
the Mother of
God.
Painting in Medieval Period
3. Gothic art  Religious, grotesque &
Calmer & plastic in
style.
 Examples : Madonna &
Child, of Franco-
Flemich school, gazing
into each other’s eyes
in playful mood.
 Franco-Flemish
paitings:
- Oil paintings
- Featured altar pieces
with general wings
that open and close
- Children’s faces were
painted like small
adults;
 Painting in Renaissance
The Renaissance is divided into 3 Periods:
1.
Early renaissance(14th-15th  Placed emphasis
Century)
on simplicity,
gesture, and
expression.
 Paintings depicted
man and nature in
fresco technique
Painting in Renaissance
 Its center was in
2. High Renaissance (16th Century)
Florence, Venice, and
 High renaissance
Rome,
 painting style consists of
the deepening of
pictorial space, making
the sky more dramatic
with dark clouds and
flashes of light.
Painting in Renaissance

3. Mannerism period
 Human figure is
rendered thought
the use of oil paints
of sumptuous,
warm and sensual
colors.
Famous Renaissance Painters

Giotto di Bondone
 Artist: Giotto
 Subject: Massacre
of the Innocents
 Genres (Art):
History painting
 Art Form: Fresco
The Last Supper by
Leonardo Da Vinci 1495 -
1498 Restored
Painting in the Baroque Period
(1600-17th Century)

 Ornate ( excessively
decorated) and fantastic
 They appeal to the emotion,
are sensual and highly
decorative.
 Make use of light and shadow
to produce dramatic effects.
 Show figures in diagonal, twists
and zigzags
Baroque period
Women in the World of Baroque Art
Orazio Gentileschi, David
and Goliath (c. 1605-1607
Baroque art is characterized by
great drama, rich, deep colour,
and intense light and dark
shadows,
Rococo painting
 Emphasis voluptuousness(very
attractive) & picturesque(very
pretty) and intimate presentation
of farm and country.
 Made use of soft pastel colors,
rendering the landscape
smoking and hazy with the
subject always in the center of
the canvas
Famous Rococo Painter
The small cowper of
Madonna

 The Small Cowper

Madonna
 Artist: Raphael Raffaello
Sanzio of Urbino
 Medium:Painting / Print
on Canvas
Jean-Honoré Fragonard

The Foursome
Oil on canvas
49.5 x 64.9 cm
Fine Arts Museums of
San Francisco, San
Francisco
 Romantic Painting
 Delved on the artists’s
reactions to past events,
landscapes, and people
 Painting is richer than
Rococo
The Desperate Man (1843–45)
 French Realist
Gustave Courbet
Courbet here appears the quintesse
Romantic artist—a tortured genius
struggling for recognition and a bite
eat.
Characteristic attitudes of
Romanticism were the following:
 a deepened appreciation of the beauties of nature;
 a general exaltation of emotion over reason and of the
senses over intellect;
 a turning in upon the self and a heightened
examination of human personality and its moods and
mental potentialities;
 a preoccupation with the genius, the hero, and the
exceptional figure in general, and a focus on his
passions and inner struggles;
 a new view of the artist as a supremely individual creator, whose
creative spirit is more important than strict adherence to formal rules
and traditional procedures;
 an emphasis upon imagination as a gateway to transcendent
experience and spiritual truth;
 an obsessive interest in folk culture, national and ethnic cultural origins,
and the medieval era; and a predilection for the exotic, the remote,
the mysterious, the weird, the occult, the monstrous, the diseased, and
even the satanic.
 19th Century Painting (Modern Art)
1. Impressionism
 Paul Cezanne- greatest
impressionist/ father of
Modern Art
 His efforts were towards the  French artist and Post-
achievement of simplicity, Impressionist painter whose
brilliance, perfect balance, work laid the foundations of
brightness of colors * sense the transition from the 19th-
of depth in art century conception of
artistic endeavor to a new
and radically different
world of art in the 20th
century
 Les Grandes Baigneuses, 1898–
(Woman in a Green Hat. Madame 1905: the triumph of Poussinesque
Cézanne.) 1894–1895 stability and geometric balance
19th Century Painting (Modern Art)
2. Expressionism
 Vincent van Gogh- Father of
Expressionism
 Used bright pure colors mixed on
the palette but applied to the
canvas in small done or strokes
relying on beholder’s eyes to see
them together.
  Although Van Gogh sold only one painting in
Starry Night his whole life, "Starry Night" is an icon of modern
art, the Mona Lisa for our time.
 emphasize the symbolism of the stylized
cypress tree in the foreground, linking it to
death and Van Gogh's eventual suicide.
However, the cypress also represents
immortality.
 In the painting, the tree reaches into the sky,
serving as a direct connection between the
earth and the heavens.
 The artist may have been making more of a
hopeful statement than many credit him with.
This positive interpretation of the cypress
symbolism hearkens back to a letter to his
brother in which the artist likened death to a
train that travels to the stars.
Sunflowers (F.458), repetition of the 4th
Wheatfield with Crows, 1890.
version (yellow background), August 1889.[] Van Gogh Museum,
Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam Amsterdam
Self-portrait with Bandaged Ear
and Pipe, 1889, private
collection
 The Development of Sculpture
Sculpture- art form which employs modeling
Modeling- technique by which material is shaped & formed into a single mass or a block of
material having tri-dimensional form

 Pre-historic Sculpture
1. Rude forms carved in
stones and woods
2. Figures and image were
created to commemorate
heroes and heroines and
perpetuate the memory
of men.
 Pre-historic Sculpture

Egyptian Sculpture 4 periods

1. First Dynasty Period
 Occurred 5000 years ago
 The sun, moon, stars, & sacred animals were
common subjects of sculpture in this period.
 The sculptors decorated the tombs of the
dead with scenes from his life and signs of his
rank & profession with assurance that his spirit
may continue his existence within the tomb
 Pre-historic Sculpture

2. Old Kingdom Period

 Status were either single
figures or in family groups
 The faces of statues were
always calm & grave
3. Middle Kingdom

 Faces of statues
made during this
period depicted
individual moods
but their bodies
were still rigid
and straight in
posture.
 Pre-historic Sculpture
4. New Kingdom  Figures were life-like and
vigorous(healthy &
strong) looking.
 Depicted in usual poses-
walking, dancing &
bending
 Figures showed dignity &
serenity
 Forms of Egyptian
Sculpture
 Palettes- shield pieces of
stone with relief carvings)
 Wall carvings - bas relief or
high reliefs found in walls of
tombs
 Statues- figures of men and
women in sitting and standing
positions, usually impressive
 Example of pre-historic Egyptian
Sculpture
 GREAT SPHINX OF GIZA
Greek Sculpture
 Pre-historic Greek Sculpture had gone
through 3 periods:
1. DAEDALIC PERIOD (c.650-600)
 Marble was heavily used as material
 Nude male status were usually produced
 Principal view is frontal, so much so that in statues the side
elevation can be compressed unnaturally and in reliefs full-
face heads are common
 with very long legs and high narrow waist, which is usually
decorated with a deep belt.
Apart from this belt male figures are
naked, but females normally wear a
heavy dress (the so-called 'peplos'),
which fits closely above the waist and
becomes a more or less rectangular
sheath below, and sometimes there is
also a short cape over the shoulders.
DAEDALIC PERIOD
2. CLASSICAL AGE
 Golden age or age of pericles in
Greece
 Temples
of Gods & goddesses were
adorned with sculptured figures.
 The
human body with all its beauty
and splendor was the emphasis of art
 Male
figures were always naked,
women figures were fully draped
3. Later Greek Period
Male & female
figures were
shown with very
little or no
clothing at all.
Example: Venus
de Milo
 Roman Sculpture
BYZANTINE SCULPTURE

1. Early byzantine sculpture

 No statues can b seen in
churches and basilicas only
symbols or signs as mosaic.
o Example: fish- symbolized Christ;
o hand protruding from the
clouds – symbolized God
 Roman Sculpture
 Later byzantine
 Statues replaced mosaic symbols
and signs.
 Biblical stories adorned churches,
basilicas, and homes
 Statues are tall, dignified, straight,
exquisitely carved, sometimes
covered with jewels.
 Christ was shown as fully garbed,
mature, and has a dark-beard and
haunting eyes.
Romanesque sculpture
 Gave prominence to biblical
characters & human figures as
subjects.
 Biblical characters & human figures
were carved in stones or in reliefs,
with the bodies fully clothed, flat,
elongated & the faces grave and
remote.
 Draperies were usually swireld in
whirlpool patterns around the figures
 Arches of churches were decorated
with zigzag & geometric designs
Gothic Sculpture

 Gothic statues of human

figure were given a natural
and life-like look both in
bodies & facial expressions.
 Theywere garments to give
the impression of real
bodies.
Renaissance Sculpture

3 periods
1. Early renaissance Sculpture
 Great and detailed attention
was given to anatomical
shapes, proportions, &
perspectives to indicate a
more scientific attitude towards
art.
 Renaissance Sculpture

2. Middle renaissance(15th
Century)
 sculpture became more
secular than religious

 Palaces were adorned

with sculpture cast in
bronze
3. later part of
renaissance
 sculpture were legends
and myths of Greece
and Rome.
Artists were given
complete freedom on
their choice
 Baroque Sculpture(17th

Century)
Rape of the Sabine Women" by Giambologna
(1581–1583), Piazza della Signoria, Florence

Stressed on the
expression of
emotion
Idealized
human form
  The Pietà or Sexta Angustia (1616 -
Baroque sculpture 1619)
- Gregorio Fernández, housed in
the National Museum of
LA PIETA Sculpture in Valladolid, Spain.
- It is one of the best known of the five
La piedad, Gregorio Fernandez sculptures of the same theme by the
artist.
 The sculpture shows the Virgin Mary
holding up one hand with Christ's
body slumped lifeless to the floor, by
her feet.
 It was part of a "paso" which paraded
in religious processions during Holly
Week, together with the sculptures of
the good thief and the impenitent
thief, and Saint John and the Virgin
Mary.
 19th Century Sculpture
2 schools in the period

1. Neo-classical schools 2. Romantic Realistic

 Perfect human Schools
anatomy endowed  Realistic figures with
with calm, reflective psychological
look attitudes of the
French revolution
19th century sculpture
 Neo-classical schools  Romantic realistic schools
 20th Century Sculpture
 Pablo Picasso
- Father of abstract
sculpture
 Julio Gonzales
- Advocated a
regeneration of plastic
shapes through
geometric organization of
the human body
Pablo Picasso Crane
 cock
the she
goat
 Joe brown; Bronze sculpture
The mask; Alwyn
(1946)