S7 Q1 0203 TG
S7 Q1 0203 TG
Learning Competency
At the end of this lesson, the learners should be able to describe that particles are
constantly in motion, have spaces between them, attract each other, andmovefasteras
the temperature increases (or with the addition of heat).
Learning Targets
Prerequisite Topics
The students should know the following prerequisite topics before proceeding with the
lesson.
● States of matter: solid, liquid, gas
● Basic particle theory
● Introduction to atoms and molecules
● Heat and temperature: concepts and differences
● Energy transfer in processes
Essential
Questions Begin the lesson by asking students to reflect
silently on how everyday phenomena, like water
boiling or ice melting, might be explained on a
microscopic level.Encouragethemtothinkabout
whathappenstotheparticlesintheseprocesses.
After a minute ofreflection,inviteafewstudents
to share their thoughts. Use their responses to
introduce the concept of how particles behave
under different conditions and segue into the
essential question of the lesson. This approach
will pique their curiosity and set the stage for
deeper exploration. Continue by presenting the
essentialquestionprovidedinthefirstinstruction
and addtwotothreemorequestionstobroaden
the scope of discussion.
● How does changing the environment
around particles, like adjusting
temperatureorforces,helpusunderstand
the natural world and the technology we
use every day?
Lesson Discussion
1. Ask the students to gather materials including dye or potassium
permanganate (or any water-soluble colorant), water, measuring cups or
syringeswith10mland100mlcapacities,fourclearcontainersorbeakers,a
tablespoon, sugar, a glassofwater,amarker,varioussolidobjects,redand
yellow small balloons (or any 2 different coloredballoons),twotransparent
containers, hot water, ice cubes, and safety equipment like gloves and
goggles.
2. Instruct the students to start Experiment 1: Dilution by mixing a small
amount of dye with water in a clear container to createacoloredsolution.
Then, have them measure 10 ml of this solution and transfer it toanother
container,adding90mlofwatertodiluteit.Tellthemtorepeatthisdilution
process three more times with the new solutions.
3. For Experiment2:SugarinWater,askstudentstofillaglasswithwaterand
mark the level. Then, have them add a tablespoon of sugarandstiruntilit
dissolves completely. They should observe the level of water in the glass
afterward.
4. In Experiment 3: Diffusion, students should place a drop of dye in water
without stirring and observe the diffusion process.
B. Discussion
1. Start with an overview of the particle model of matter, explaining that all
matter consists of tiny particles in constant motion. Use a video to visually
demonstrate this concept, followed by a short lecture to reinforce the
information.
2. Conduct the dilution experiment as described in the guide. After the
demonstration, ask the students.
Guide Question: What does this experiment tell us about the size and
abundanceofparticlesinasolution?Itshowsthatparticlesareextremelysmall
and numerous, even in a small amount of solution.
3. Introduce the concept of diffusionwithapracticaldemonstrationusingdye
in water. Present a video of the diffusion processatthemolecularlevelfor
visual learners.
Guide Question: Why do particles spread out in a solution without being
stirred? Particles move from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower
concentration due to their natural energy-driven motion.
4. Discuss theimportanceoftemperatureinparticlebehavior.Useanimations
or simulations to show how particles move faster in warmer temperatures
and slower in cooler ones. Conducttheballoonexperimenttoillustratethe
effect of temperature on gas particles.
Guide Question: How does temperature affect the movementandspacing
ofparticles?Highertemperaturesincreaseparticlemovementandspacing,while
lower temperatures decrease them.
5. Exploretheforcesofattractionbetweenparticlesthroughhands-onactivities
such as comparing the ease of changing the shape of solids, liquids, and
gases.
Guide Question: What does this experimentdemonstrateabouttheforces
between particles in different states of matter? Solid particles have strong
forces holding them together, liquid particles have weaker forces, and gas
particles have very weak forces.
For the assignment, students are encouraged to use websites to find
resources on Particle Movement and Characteristics. They should look for
materials that cover the basics of particle theory, states of matter, and the
impactoftemperatureandpressureonparticlebehavior.Studentscouldalso
use interactive simulation tools available to explore particle dynamics in
different states of matter and under various conditions. These activities will
reinforce their understanding and provide a hands-on approach to learning
complex concepts.
Performance Assessment
Read each statement carefully and decide if it is true or false. Write your answer beside
each statement.
1. Theparticlemodelofmatterexplainsthebehaviorandpropertiesofmatterbased
on the concept that matter is made up of tiny, continuous substances.
2. Particles are so small that they cannot be seen with the naked eye.
3. In the dilution experiment, the persistence of color even after significant dilution
demonstrates that particles are small and abundant.
4. Particles move slower and stay closer together when the temperature increases.
5. Theshapeofparticlessignificantlyinfluenceshowtheyinteractwitheachotherand
with different substances.
6. Duringdiffusion,particlesmovefromanareaofhigherconcentrationtoanareaof
lower concentration.
7. Forces of attraction between particles are weaker in gases than in solids.
8. The diffusion experiment visually represents the orderly and static positioning of
particles.
9. Temperature is a measure of the kinetic energy of particles; the higher the
temperature, the faster the particles move.
10. In a solid, particles are fixed in place and do not move freely around each other.
11. The behavior of particles in different states of matter (solid,liquid,gas)cannotbe
explained by the particle model of matter.
12. Particles in a liquid are held together by forces of attraction.
13. Experiments involving dilution, diffusion, andtheeffectoftemperatureofferclear,
practical demonstrations of the particle model of matter.
14. Increasing temperature can cause particles to remain in their current state of
matter and not transition (e.g., solid remains solid).
15. Theparticlemodelofmatterexplainswhysomematerialsconductheatbetterthan
others.
Additional Worksheets
Synthesis
1. Begin the summary by revisiting the essential questions. Ask students to
share their insightsonhowchangingtheenvironmentaroundparticles,like
adjustingtemperatureorforces,helpsusunderstandthenaturalworldand
thetechnologyweuseeveryday.Summarizethekeypointsdiscussedduring
the lesson, emphasizing the importance of particle behavior in
understanding matter's properties. Conclude by drawing aconceptmapon
theboardthatlinksparticletheorytoreal-lifephenomenaandtechnological
applications, encouraging students to contribute.
2. Pose a reflective question to the class: "How can our understanding of
particle behavior influencethechoiceswemakeinourdailylives,especially
in terms of environmental conservation and sustainability?" Encourage
students to think about how small changes at the particle levelcanleadto
significant environmental impacts.
3. Share a recent technological advancement influenced by particle science,
such as the development of more efficient solar panels or water filtration
systems. Ask, "How do you think advancements in understanding particle
behavior can lead to solutions for current environmental challenges?" This
Assignment:
For homework, ask students to find an article or video related to the
environmentalortechnologicalapplicationofparticlescienceandpreparea
short presentation or written summary for the next class. Additionally,
remind them to review the topics of particle movement andcharacteristics
for a quiz in the next session.
References
Cruz, Ivy M. 2021. "Philippine Junior Chemistry." Quezon City: Academic Press.
Reyes, Lorenzo G. 2023. "Science in Everyday Life." Manila: K-12 Educational Publishers.
Answer Key:
1. True
2. True
3. True
4. True
5. False - When heat is added, particles move faster.
6. True
7. False - The Particle Model of Matter explains these changes.
8. True
9. True
10. True
1. If you heat a cup of water, what happens to the motion of the water molecules?
The particles gain energy, move more freely, and spread apart.
Sugar particles break apart and spread out among the water molecules.
Water molecules gain enough energy to overcome attractive forces and become
gas.
6. How does adding salt to water affect the boiling point, from a particle perspective?
Salt ions disrupt the water molecules, increasing the energy needed to boil.
The air particles inside the balloon move faster and push outward.
8. What happens to the particles in a metal rod when one end is heated?
Heat energy is transferred through the rod, causing particles to move faster.
9. Explain how particles behave differently in solid chocolate and melted chocolate.
In solid chocolate, particles vibrate in place; in melted chocolate, they move freely.
10. Why does spreading salt on ice cause it to melt, based on particle interaction?
Salt disrupts the arrangement of water molecules, lowering the freezing point and
causing melting.
Insolids,particlesaretightlypackedinafixedarrangement,andheatconduction
occurs through the vibration of these particles and the transfer of energy from
one particle to another. Metals are particularly effective conductors of heatl,
transferring energy efficiently over long distances. This iswhymetalsfeelcolder
or hotter to the touch compared to insulators like wood or plastic; they are
transferring heat to or from your hand more efficiently.
Plasticsandwood,ontheotherhand,arecomposedofmoleculesthatarenotas
freetomove.Thesematerialsareconsideredinsulatorsbecausetheyslowdown
the transfer of heat.
2. Analyzetheimpactoftemperatureonwaterdensityandexplainthephenomenaof
ice floating on water.
Water is unique in that it reaches its maximum density at around4°C.Aswater
cools below this temperature and freezes, it expands. This expansion occurs
because of the formation of a hexagonal crystalstructureinice,whicharranges
watermoleculesinafixed,openpattern.Thisstructureoccupiesmorespacethan
the liquid state,makingicelessdensethanliquidwater.Thisiswhyicefloatson
water.
The formation of gas bubbles in boiling water is a direct result of increased
particlemovement.Aswaterisheated,thekineticenergyofitsparticlesincreases,
causingthemtomovemorerapidly.Whenthewaterreachesitsboilingpoint,the
vapor pressure of the water (the pressure exerted by water vapor with liquid
water) becomes equal to or exceeds the atmospheric pressure. At this point,
bubbles of water vapor form within the liquid and rise to the surface. This
transitionfromliquidtogasisfacilitatedbytheincreasedmovementandenergy
of the water molecules, allowing them to overcome the atmospheric pressure.
4. Whydoyouthinkthereisanincreaseinpressureinsideaclosedcontainerwhenit
isheated?Hint:Pressureisusuallydescribedashowhardtheparticleshitthewalls
of the container.
When a closed container is heated, the particles of the gas inside thecontainer
move more rapidly due to the increase in kinetic energy. This increased
movement results in more frequent and forceful collisions of the gas particles
withthewallsofthecontainer,leadingtoanincreaseinpressure.Thisprincipleis
describedbytheidealgaslaw,wherethepressureofagasisdirectlyproportional
toitstemperature,assumingthevolumeofthegasandtheamountofgasremain
constant.
5. Whatistheeffectoftemperaturechangesonthesolubilityofgasesinliquids?Hint:
Think of your favorite carbonated beverage.
Thesolubilityofgasesinliquidsdecreaseswithanincreaseintemperature.Thisis
because, as the temperature rises, the kinetic energy of the gas molecules
increases, giving them greater ability to overcome the attractive forces keeping
them dissolved in the liquid. This leads to theescapeofgasmoleculesfromthe
liquidtothegasphase,aphenomenoneasilyobservedincarbonatedbeverages.
Whenacarbonateddrinkiswarmed,itlosesitsfizz(carbondioxide)morequickly
than when it is kept cold, illustrating the decreased solubility of CO2 with
increased temperature.