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8 views19 pages

S7 Q1 0203 TG

Uploaded by

reycallo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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‭Science 7‬

‭Unit 2: Understanding Particles in Matter‬

‭Lesson 3: Particle Movement and Characteristics‬


‭Table of Contents‬

‭Learning Competency‬ ‭1‬


‭Learning Targets‬ ‭1‬
‭Suggested Time Frame‬ ‭1‬
‭Prerequisite Topics‬ ‭1‬
‭Lesson Discussion‬ ‭3‬
‭Introduction to the Lesson‬ ‭3‬
‭Link to Downloadable Presentation Slide‬ ‭3‬
‭Discussion‬ ‭5‬
‭Alternative Digital Output‬ ‭6‬
‭Practice and Feedback‬ ‭6‬
‭Performance Assessment‬ ‭8‬
‭Additional Worksheets‬ ‭10‬
‭Synthesis‬ ‭10‬
‭References‬ ‭12‬
‭Science 7‬

‭Unit 2: Understanding Particles in Matter‬

‭3‬ ‭Particle Movement and Characteristics‬

‭Learning Competency‬

‭At‬ ‭the‬ ‭end‬ ‭of‬ ‭this‬ ‭lesson,‬ ‭the‬ ‭learners‬ ‭should‬ ‭be‬ ‭able‬ ‭to‬ ‭describe‬ ‭that‬ ‭particles‬ ‭are‬
‭constantly‬ ‭in‬ ‭motion,‬ ‭have‬ ‭spaces‬ ‭between‬ ‭them,‬ ‭attract‬ ‭each‬ ‭other,‬ ‭and‬‭move‬‭faster‬‭as‬
‭the temperature increases (or with the addition of heat).‬

‭Learning Targets‬

‭●‬ ‭Explore the motion of particles.‬


‭●‬ ‭Understand the spaces and attractions between particles.‬
‭●‬ ‭Recognize the effect of temperature on particle movement.‬

‭Suggested Time Frame‬

‭The recommended time for the lesson discussion is‬‭1 hour‬‭.‬

‭Prerequisite Topics‬

‭The‬ ‭students‬ ‭should‬ ‭know‬ ‭the‬ ‭following‬ ‭prerequisite‬ ‭topics‬ ‭before‬ ‭proceeding‬ ‭with‬ ‭the‬
‭lesson.‬
‭●‬ ‭States of matter: solid, liquid, gas‬
‭●‬ ‭Basic particle theory‬
‭●‬ ‭Introduction to atoms and molecules‬
‭●‬ ‭Heat and temperature: concepts and differences‬
‭●‬ ‭Energy transfer in processes‬

‭2.3.‬‭Particle Movement and Characteristics‬ ‭1‬


‭Science 7‬

‭Unit 2: Understanding Particles in Matter‬

‭Essential‬
‭Questions‬ ‭Begin‬ ‭the‬ ‭lesson‬ ‭by‬ ‭asking‬ ‭students‬ ‭to‬ ‭reflect‬
‭silently‬ ‭on‬ ‭how‬ ‭everyday‬ ‭phenomena,‬ ‭like‬ ‭water‬
‭boiling‬ ‭or‬ ‭ice‬ ‭melting,‬ ‭might‬ ‭be‬ ‭explained‬ ‭on‬ ‭a‬
‭microscopic‬ ‭level.‬‭Encourage‬‭them‬‭to‬‭think‬‭about‬
‭what‬‭happens‬‭to‬‭the‬‭particles‬‭in‬‭these‬‭processes.‬
‭After‬ ‭a‬ ‭minute‬ ‭of‬‭reflection,‬‭invite‬‭a‬‭few‬‭students‬
‭to‬ ‭share‬ ‭their‬ ‭thoughts.‬ ‭Use‬ ‭their‬ ‭responses‬ ‭to‬
‭introduce‬ ‭the‬ ‭concept‬ ‭of‬ ‭how‬ ‭particles‬ ‭behave‬
‭under‬ ‭different‬ ‭conditions‬ ‭and‬ ‭segue‬ ‭into‬ ‭the‬
‭essential‬ ‭question‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭lesson.‬ ‭This‬ ‭approach‬
‭will‬ ‭pique‬ ‭their‬ ‭curiosity‬ ‭and‬ ‭set‬ ‭the‬ ‭stage‬ ‭for‬
‭deeper‬ ‭exploration.‬ ‭Continue‬ ‭by‬ ‭presenting‬ ‭the‬
‭essential‬‭question‬‭provided‬‭in‬‭the‬‭first‬‭instruction‬
‭and‬ ‭add‬‭two‬‭to‬‭three‬‭more‬‭questions‬‭to‬‭broaden‬
‭the scope of discussion.‬
‭●‬ ‭How‬ ‭does‬ ‭changing‬ ‭the‬ ‭environment‬
‭around‬ ‭particles,‬ ‭like‬ ‭adjusting‬
‭temperature‬‭or‬‭forces,‬‭help‬‭us‬‭understand‬
‭the‬ ‭natural‬ ‭world‬ ‭and‬ ‭the‬ ‭technology‬ ‭we‬
‭use every day?‬

‭̀Additional Essential Questions:‬


‭●‬ ‭What‬‭role‬‭do‬‭particles‬‭play‬‭in‬‭the‬‭states‬‭of‬
‭matter and their transitions?‬
‭●‬ ‭How‬ ‭can‬ ‭understanding‬ ‭particle‬
‭movement‬ ‭and‬ ‭interactions‬ ‭lead‬ ‭to‬
‭innovations in technology?‬
‭●‬ ‭In‬ ‭what‬ ‭ways‬ ‭do‬ ‭temperature‬ ‭changes‬
‭affect‬‭the‬‭behavior‬‭of‬‭particles‬‭in‬‭different‬
‭states of matter?‬

‭2.3.‬‭Particle Movement and Characteristics‬ ‭2‬


‭Science 7‬

‭Unit 2: Understanding Particles in Matter‬

‭Lesson Discussion‬

‭A.‬ ‭Introduction to the Lesson‬

‭Link to Downloadable Presentation Slide‬

‭2.3. Particle Movement and Characteristics‬

‭Particle Discovery Adventure‬

‭1.‬ ‭Ask‬ ‭the‬ ‭students‬ ‭to‬ ‭gather‬ ‭materials‬ ‭including‬ ‭dye‬ ‭or‬ ‭potassium‬
‭permanganate‬ ‭(or‬ ‭any‬ ‭water-soluble‬ ‭colorant),‬ ‭water,‬ ‭measuring‬ ‭cups‬ ‭or‬
‭syringes‬‭with‬‭10‬‭ml‬‭and‬‭100‬‭ml‬‭capacities,‬‭four‬‭clear‬‭containers‬‭or‬‭beakers,‬‭a‬
‭tablespoon,‬ ‭sugar,‬ ‭a‬ ‭glass‬‭of‬‭water,‬‭a‬‭marker,‬‭various‬‭solid‬‭objects,‬‭red‬‭and‬
‭yellow‬ ‭small‬ ‭balloons‬ ‭(or‬ ‭any‬ ‭2‬ ‭different‬ ‭colored‬‭balloons),‬‭two‬‭transparent‬
‭containers,‬ ‭hot‬ ‭water,‬ ‭ice‬ ‭cubes,‬ ‭and‬ ‭safety‬ ‭equipment‬ ‭like‬ ‭gloves‬ ‭and‬
‭goggles.‬
‭2.‬ ‭Instruct‬ ‭the‬ ‭students‬ ‭to‬ ‭start‬ ‭Experiment‬ ‭1:‬ ‭Dilution‬ ‭by‬ ‭mixing‬ ‭a‬ ‭small‬
‭amount‬ ‭of‬ ‭dye‬ ‭with‬ ‭water‬ ‭in‬ ‭a‬ ‭clear‬ ‭container‬ ‭to‬ ‭create‬‭a‬‭colored‬‭solution.‬
‭Then,‬ ‭have‬ ‭them‬ ‭measure‬ ‭10‬ ‭ml‬ ‭of‬ ‭this‬ ‭solution‬ ‭and‬ ‭transfer‬ ‭it‬ ‭to‬‭another‬
‭container,‬‭adding‬‭90‬‭ml‬‭of‬‭water‬‭to‬‭dilute‬‭it.‬‭Tell‬‭them‬‭to‬‭repeat‬‭this‬‭dilution‬
‭process three more times with the new solutions.‬
‭3.‬ ‭For‬ ‭Experiment‬‭2:‬‭Sugar‬‭in‬‭Water,‬‭ask‬‭students‬‭to‬‭fill‬‭a‬‭glass‬‭with‬‭water‬‭and‬
‭mark‬ ‭the‬ ‭level.‬ ‭Then,‬ ‭have‬ ‭them‬ ‭add‬ ‭a‬ ‭tablespoon‬ ‭of‬ ‭sugar‬‭and‬‭stir‬‭until‬‭it‬
‭dissolves‬ ‭completely.‬ ‭They‬ ‭should‬ ‭observe‬ ‭the‬ ‭level‬ ‭of‬ ‭water‬ ‭in‬ ‭the‬ ‭glass‬
‭afterward.‬
‭4.‬ ‭In‬ ‭Experiment‬ ‭3:‬ ‭Diffusion,‬ ‭students‬ ‭should‬ ‭place‬ ‭a‬ ‭drop‬ ‭of‬ ‭dye‬ ‭in‬ ‭water‬
‭without stirring and observe the diffusion process.‬

‭2.3.‬‭Particle Movement and Characteristics‬ ‭3‬


‭Science 7‬

‭Unit 2: Understanding Particles in Matter‬


‭5.‬ ‭Guide‬ ‭them‬ ‭through‬ ‭Experiment‬ ‭4:‬ ‭Forces‬ ‭of‬ ‭Attraction‬ ‭by‬ ‭providing‬
‭examples‬ ‭of‬ ‭a‬ ‭solid,‬ ‭liquid,‬ ‭and‬ ‭gas,‬ ‭and‬ ‭asking‬ ‭them‬ ‭to‬ ‭"break"‬ ‭each‬ ‭and‬
‭arrange them according to the force needed.‬
‭6.‬ ‭For‬‭Experiment‬‭5:‬‭Effect‬‭of‬‭Temperature‬‭on‬‭Particles,‬‭instruct‬‭students‬‭to‬‭fill‬
‭one‬ ‭container‬‭with‬‭cold‬‭water‬‭and‬‭ice‬‭cubes,‬‭and‬‭another‬‭with‬‭warm‬‭water.‬
‭They‬ ‭should‬ ‭then‬ ‭prepare‬ ‭yellow‬ ‭and‬ ‭red‬ ‭balloons‬ ‭by‬‭stretching‬‭them‬‭over‬
‭the‬ ‭mouths‬ ‭of‬ ‭empty‬ ‭bottles,‬ ‭submerge‬ ‭these‬ ‭in‬ ‭the‬ ‭hot‬ ‭and‬ ‭cold‬ ‭water‬
‭respectively, observe the effects, and then switch them.‬
‭7.‬ ‭After‬ ‭completing‬ ‭the‬ ‭experiments,‬ ‭ask‬ ‭the‬ ‭provided‬ ‭guide‬ ‭questions‬ ‭in‬ ‭the‬
‭study guide to the students.‬
‭a.‬ ‭How‬ ‭did‬ ‭the‬ ‭color‬ ‭change‬ ‭with‬ ‭each‬ ‭dilution,‬‭and‬‭what‬‭does‬‭this‬‭tell‬
‭you‬ ‭about‬ ‭the‬ ‭size‬ ‭and‬ ‭number‬ ‭of‬ ‭dye‬ ‭particles?‬ ‭The‬ ‭color‬ ‭becomes‬
‭lighter‬ ‭with‬ ‭each‬ ‭dilution,‬ ‭indicating‬ ‭that‬‭the‬‭dye‬‭particles‬‭are‬‭spreading‬
‭out‬ ‭more‬ ‭thinly,‬‭reducing‬‭the‬‭intensity‬‭of‬‭the‬‭color.‬‭This‬‭illustrates‬‭that‬‭a‬
‭small‬ ‭number‬‭of‬‭particles‬‭can‬‭be‬‭distributed‬‭throughout‬‭a‬‭larger‬‭volume‬
‭of water.‬
‭b.‬ ‭Why‬ ‭did‬ ‭the‬ ‭water‬ ‭level‬ ‭not‬ ‭change‬ ‭significantly‬ ‭after‬ ‭adding‬ ‭sugar?‬
‭What‬‭does‬‭this‬‭reveal‬‭about‬‭the‬‭spaces‬‭between‬‭water‬‭molecules?‬‭The‬
‭water‬ ‭level‬ ‭remains‬‭nearly‬‭the‬‭same‬‭because‬‭the‬‭sugar‬‭molecules‬‭fill‬‭the‬
‭spaces‬ ‭between‬ ‭the‬ ‭water‬ ‭molecules,‬ ‭showing‬ ‭that‬ ‭there‬ ‭is‬‭empty‬‭space‬
‭between particles in a liquid.‬
‭c.‬ ‭Why‬ ‭did‬ ‭the‬ ‭dye‬‭spread‬‭out‬‭in‬‭the‬‭water‬‭without‬‭stirring?‬‭What‬‭does‬
‭this‬‭indicate‬‭about‬‭the‬‭movement‬‭of‬‭particles?‬‭The‬‭dye‬‭spreads‬‭due‬‭to‬
‭the‬ ‭natural‬ ‭movement‬ ‭of‬ ‭particles,‬ ‭demonstrating‬ ‭diffusion,‬ ‭where‬
‭particles‬ ‭move‬ ‭from‬ ‭an‬ ‭area‬ ‭of‬ ‭higher‬ ‭concentration‬ ‭to‬ ‭one‬ ‭of‬ ‭lower‬
‭concentration.‬
‭d.‬ ‭How‬‭did‬‭the‬‭difficulty‬‭of‬‭changing‬‭the‬‭shape‬‭of‬‭a‬‭solid,‬‭liquid,‬‭and‬‭gas‬
‭differ,‬ ‭and‬ ‭what‬ ‭does‬ ‭this‬ ‭tell‬ ‭us‬ ‭about‬ ‭the‬ ‭forces‬ ‭of‬ ‭attraction‬
‭between‬ ‭their‬ ‭particles?‬ ‭Solids‬ ‭resist‬ ‭shape‬ ‭change‬ ‭due‬ ‭to‬ ‭strong‬
‭intermolecular‬ ‭forces,‬ ‭liquids‬ ‭are‬ ‭more‬ ‭adaptable‬ ‭but‬ ‭still‬‭cohesive,‬‭and‬
‭gases expand freely, indicating varied forces of attraction.‬
‭e.‬ ‭Why‬‭do‬‭you‬‭think‬‭the‬‭balloon‬‭changes‬‭size‬‭in‬‭different‬‭conditions?‬‭The‬
‭balloon's‬‭size‬‭changes‬‭due‬‭to‬‭the‬‭expansion‬‭or‬‭contraction‬‭of‬‭air‬‭inside‬‭it,‬
‭influenced‬‭by‬‭temperature‬‭changes,‬‭illustrating‬‭how‬‭gas‬‭particles‬‭react‬‭to‬

‭2.3.‬‭Particle Movement and Characteristics‬ ‭4‬


‭Science 7‬

‭Unit 2: Understanding Particles in Matter‬


‭temperature variations.‬

‭B.‬ ‭Discussion‬

‭1.‬ ‭Start‬ ‭with‬ ‭an‬ ‭overview‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭particle‬ ‭model‬ ‭of‬ ‭matter,‬ ‭explaining‬ ‭that‬ ‭all‬
‭matter‬ ‭consists‬ ‭of‬ ‭tiny‬ ‭particles‬ ‭in‬ ‭constant‬ ‭motion.‬ ‭Use‬ ‭a‬ ‭video‬ ‭to‬ ‭visually‬
‭demonstrate‬ ‭this‬ ‭concept,‬ ‭followed‬ ‭by‬ ‭a‬ ‭short‬ ‭lecture‬ ‭to‬ ‭reinforce‬ ‭the‬
‭information.‬
‭2.‬ ‭Conduct‬ ‭the‬ ‭dilution‬ ‭experiment‬ ‭as‬ ‭described‬ ‭in‬ ‭the‬ ‭guide.‬ ‭After‬ ‭the‬
‭demonstration, ask the students.‬
‭Guide‬ ‭Question:‬ ‭What‬ ‭does‬ ‭this‬ ‭experiment‬ ‭tell‬ ‭us‬ ‭about‬ ‭the‬ ‭size‬ ‭and‬
‭abundance‬‭of‬‭particles‬‭in‬‭a‬‭solution?‬‭It‬‭shows‬‭that‬‭particles‬‭are‬‭extremely‬‭small‬
‭and numerous, even in a small amount of solution.‬
‭3.‬ ‭Introduce‬ ‭the‬ ‭concept‬ ‭of‬ ‭diffusion‬‭with‬‭a‬‭practical‬‭demonstration‬‭using‬‭dye‬
‭in‬ ‭water.‬ ‭Present‬ ‭a‬ ‭video‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭diffusion‬ ‭process‬‭at‬‭the‬‭molecular‬‭level‬‭for‬
‭visual learners.‬
‭Guide‬ ‭Question:‬ ‭Why‬ ‭do‬ ‭particles‬ ‭spread‬ ‭out‬ ‭in‬ ‭a‬ ‭solution‬ ‭without‬ ‭being‬
‭stirred?‬ ‭Particles‬ ‭move‬ ‭from‬ ‭areas‬ ‭of‬ ‭higher‬ ‭concentration‬ ‭to‬ ‭areas‬ ‭of‬ ‭lower‬
‭concentration due to their natural energy-driven motion.‬
‭4.‬ ‭Discuss‬ ‭the‬‭importance‬‭of‬‭temperature‬‭in‬‭particle‬‭behavior.‬‭Use‬‭animations‬
‭or‬ ‭simulations‬ ‭to‬ ‭show‬ ‭how‬ ‭particles‬ ‭move‬ ‭faster‬ ‭in‬ ‭warmer‬ ‭temperatures‬
‭and‬ ‭slower‬ ‭in‬ ‭cooler‬ ‭ones.‬ ‭Conduct‬‭the‬‭balloon‬‭experiment‬‭to‬‭illustrate‬‭the‬
‭effect of temperature on gas particles.‬
‭Guide‬ ‭Question:‬ ‭How‬ ‭does‬ ‭temperature‬ ‭affect‬ ‭the‬ ‭movement‬‭and‬‭spacing‬
‭of‬‭particles?‬‭Higher‬‭temperatures‬‭increase‬‭particle‬‭movement‬‭and‬‭spacing,‬‭while‬
‭lower temperatures decrease them.‬
‭5.‬ ‭Explore‬‭the‬‭forces‬‭of‬‭attraction‬‭between‬‭particles‬‭through‬‭hands-on‬‭activities‬
‭such‬ ‭as‬ ‭comparing‬ ‭the‬ ‭ease‬ ‭of‬ ‭changing‬ ‭the‬ ‭shape‬ ‭of‬ ‭solids,‬ ‭liquids,‬ ‭and‬
‭gases.‬
‭Guide‬ ‭Question:‬ ‭What‬ ‭does‬ ‭this‬ ‭experiment‬‭demonstrate‬‭about‬‭the‬‭forces‬
‭between‬ ‭particles‬ ‭in‬ ‭different‬ ‭states‬ ‭of‬ ‭matter?‬ ‭Solid‬ ‭particles‬ ‭have‬ ‭strong‬
‭forces‬ ‭holding‬ ‭them‬ ‭together,‬ ‭liquid‬ ‭particles‬ ‭have‬ ‭weaker‬ ‭forces,‬ ‭and‬ ‭gas‬
‭particles have very weak forces.‬

‭2.3.‬‭Particle Movement and Characteristics‬ ‭5‬


‭Science 7‬

‭Unit 2: Understanding Particles in Matter‬


‭6.‬ ‭To‬‭integrate‬‭technology,‬‭show‬‭how‬‭understanding‬‭particle‬‭behavior‬‭leads‬‭to‬
‭innovations‬ ‭like‬ ‭heat-resistant‬ ‭materials‬ ‭or‬ ‭cooling‬ ‭systems‬ ‭in‬ ‭electronics.‬
‭Discuss‬ ‭how‬ ‭engineers‬ ‭use‬ ‭knowledge‬ ‭of‬ ‭particle‬ ‭movement‬ ‭and‬ ‭energy‬
‭transfer to design better products.‬
‭7.‬ ‭For‬‭an‬‭engaging‬‭group‬‭activity,‬‭have‬‭students‬‭design‬‭a‬‭simple‬‭experiment‬‭to‬
‭test‬ ‭how‬ ‭sugar‬ ‭dissolves‬ ‭in‬ ‭water‬ ‭at‬ ‭different‬ ‭temperatures,‬ ‭using‬ ‭online‬
‭collaboration tools to plan and share their results.‬
‭8.‬ ‭Wrap‬‭up‬‭the‬‭discussion‬‭by‬‭relating‬‭the‬‭experiments‬‭and‬‭concepts‬‭back‬‭to‬‭the‬
‭essential‬ ‭question,‬ ‭encouraging‬ ‭students‬ ‭to‬ ‭reflect‬ ‭on‬ ‭how‬ ‭this‬
‭understanding affects their view of the natural world and technology.‬

‭Alternative Digital Output‬

‭For‬ ‭the‬ ‭assignment,‬ ‭students‬ ‭are‬ ‭encouraged‬ ‭to‬ ‭use‬ ‭websites‬ ‭to‬ ‭find‬
‭resources‬ ‭on‬ ‭Particle‬ ‭Movement‬ ‭and‬ ‭Characteristics.‬ ‭They‬ ‭should‬ ‭look‬ ‭for‬
‭materials‬ ‭that‬ ‭cover‬ ‭the‬ ‭basics‬ ‭of‬ ‭particle‬ ‭theory,‬ ‭states‬ ‭of‬ ‭matter,‬ ‭and‬ ‭the‬
‭impact‬‭of‬‭temperature‬‭and‬‭pressure‬‭on‬‭particle‬‭behavior.‬‭Students‬‭could‬‭also‬
‭use‬ ‭interactive‬ ‭simulation‬ ‭tools‬ ‭available‬ ‭to‬ ‭explore‬ ‭particle‬ ‭dynamics‬ ‭in‬
‭different‬ ‭states‬ ‭of‬ ‭matter‬ ‭and‬ ‭under‬ ‭various‬ ‭conditions.‬ ‭These‬ ‭activities‬ ‭will‬
‭reinforce‬ ‭their‬ ‭understanding‬ ‭and‬ ‭provide‬ ‭a‬ ‭hands-on‬ ‭approach‬ ‭to‬ ‭learning‬
‭complex concepts.‬

‭C.‬ ‭Practice and Feedback‬

‭1.‬ ‭The‬ ‭teacher‬ ‭will‬ ‭display‬‭a‬‭diagram‬‭showing‬‭particles‬‭in‬‭solid,‬‭liquid,‬‭and‬‭gas‬


‭states.‬ ‭Students‬ ‭are‬ ‭asked‬ ‭to‬ ‭label‬ ‭each‬ ‭state‬ ‭and‬ ‭describe‬ ‭the‬ ‭particle‬
‭movement‬ ‭observed‬ ‭in‬ ‭each.‬ ‭A‬ ‭volunteer‬ ‭will‬ ‭answer‬ ‭on‬ ‭the‬ ‭board,‬ ‭and‬
‭peers‬ ‭will‬ ‭provide‬ ‭feedback‬ ‭if‬ ‭corrections‬ ‭are‬ ‭needed.‬ ‭Solids‬ ‭have‬ ‭particles‬
‭close‬‭together‬‭in‬‭a‬‭fixed‬‭pattern;‬‭liquids‬‭have‬‭particles‬‭close‬‭but‬‭moving‬‭past‬
‭each‬‭other;‬‭gases‬‭have‬‭particles‬‭far‬‭apart‬‭and‬‭moving‬‭freely.‬‭Additionally,‬‭the‬

‭2.3.‬‭Particle Movement and Characteristics‬ ‭6‬


‭Science 7‬

‭Unit 2: Understanding Particles in Matter‬


‭teacher‬ ‭can‬ ‭ask‬ ‭how‬ ‭might‬ ‭the‬ ‭behavior‬ ‭of‬ ‭particles‬ ‭change‬ ‭if‬ ‭a‬ ‭solid‬
‭transforms into a liquid and eventually into a gas.‬
‭2.‬ ‭In‬ ‭groups‬ ‭of‬ ‭four,‬ ‭students‬ ‭will‬ ‭conduct‬ ‭a‬ ‭simple‬ ‭experiment‬ ‭to‬ ‭observe‬
‭diffusion‬ ‭using‬‭food‬‭coloring‬‭in‬‭water‬‭at‬‭different‬‭temperatures.‬‭Each‬‭group‬
‭will‬ ‭present‬ ‭their‬ ‭observations.‬ ‭After‬ ‭presentations,‬ ‭classmates‬ ‭will‬ ‭discuss‬
‭how‬‭temperature‬‭affected‬‭the‬‭rate‬‭of‬‭diffusion.‬‭Additionally,‬‭the‬‭teacher‬‭can‬
‭ask‬‭to‬‭predict‬‭how‬‭a‬‭substance‬‭with‬‭larger‬‭particles‬‭than‬‭food‬‭coloring‬‭might‬
‭diffuse in water. Will temperature have the same effect? Why or why not?‬
‭3.‬ ‭The‬‭teacher‬‭challenges‬‭students‬‭to‬‭design‬‭an‬‭experiment‬‭to‬‭demonstrate‬‭the‬
‭effect‬‭of‬‭temperature‬‭on‬‭gas‬‭pressure‬‭using‬‭materials‬‭available‬‭at‬‭home‬‭or‬‭in‬
‭the‬ ‭classroom.‬ ‭Students‬ ‭submit‬ ‭proposals,‬ ‭and‬ ‭one‬ ‭is‬ ‭selected‬ ‭for‬ ‭a‬ ‭class‬
‭demonstration.‬‭Expectations‬‭include‬‭demonstrating‬‭increased‬‭pressure‬‭with‬
‭increased‬ ‭temperature‬ ‭(e.g.,‬ ‭balloon‬ ‭expansion).‬ ‭The‬ ‭teacher‬ ‭can‬ ‭also‬ ‭ask‬
‭how‬ ‭this‬ ‭experiment‬ ‭relates‬ ‭to‬ ‭real-world‬ ‭applications,‬ ‭such‬ ‭as‬ ‭weather‬
‭balloons or car tires.‬
‭4.‬ ‭Students‬ ‭will‬ ‭pair‬ ‭up‬ ‭and‬ ‭use‬ ‭the‬ ‭"sage‬ ‭and‬ ‭scribe"‬ ‭method‬ ‭to‬ ‭create‬ ‭a‬
‭concept‬ ‭map‬ ‭that‬ ‭links‬ ‭particle‬ ‭theory‬ ‭to‬ ‭everyday‬ ‭phenomena‬ ‭(e.g.,‬
‭evaporation,‬ ‭boiling).‬ ‭One‬ ‭student‬ ‭explains‬ ‭(sage)‬ ‭while‬ ‭the‬ ‭other‬ ‭records‬
‭(scribe). They then switch roles.‬
‭Feedback:‬ ‭After‬ ‭completion,‬ ‭pairs‬ ‭will‬ ‭exchange‬ ‭their‬ ‭concept‬ ‭maps‬ ‭with‬
‭another‬ ‭pair‬ ‭for‬ ‭peer‬ ‭review.‬ ‭The‬ ‭class‬ ‭reconvenes‬ ‭to‬ ‭discuss‬ ‭common‬
‭themes and corrections.‬
‭5.‬ ‭The‬ ‭teacher‬ ‭facilitates‬ ‭a‬ ‭class‬ ‭discussion‬ ‭on‬ ‭how‬ ‭understanding‬ ‭particle‬
‭behavior‬ ‭can‬ ‭lead‬‭to‬‭innovations‬‭in‬‭technology.‬‭Students‬‭are‬‭encouraged‬‭to‬
‭think‬ ‭of‬ ‭examples‬ ‭where‬ ‭controlling‬ ‭particle‬ ‭behavior‬ ‭is‬ ‭essential‬ ‭(e.g.,‬
‭nanotechnology,‬‭medicine).‬‭After‬‭the‬‭discussion,‬‭the‬‭teacher‬‭summarizes‬‭key‬
‭points and clarifies any misconceptions.‬

‭2.3.‬‭Particle Movement and Characteristics‬ ‭7‬


‭Science 7‬

‭Unit 2: Understanding Particles in Matter‬

‭Performance Assessment‬

‭Read‬ ‭each‬ ‭statement‬ ‭carefully‬ ‭and‬ ‭decide‬ ‭if‬ ‭it‬ ‭is‬ ‭true‬ ‭or‬ ‭false.‬ ‭Write‬ ‭your‬ ‭answer‬ ‭beside‬
‭each statement.‬

‭1.‬ ‭The‬‭particle‬‭model‬‭of‬‭matter‬‭explains‬‭the‬‭behavior‬‭and‬‭properties‬‭of‬‭matter‬‭based‬
‭on the concept that matter is made up of tiny, continuous substances.‬
‭2.‬ ‭Particles are so small that they cannot be seen with the naked eye.‬
‭3.‬ ‭In‬ ‭the‬ ‭dilution‬ ‭experiment,‬ ‭the‬ ‭persistence‬ ‭of‬ ‭color‬ ‭even‬ ‭after‬ ‭significant‬ ‭dilution‬
‭demonstrates that particles are small and abundant.‬
‭4.‬ ‭Particles move slower and stay closer together when the temperature increases.‬
‭5.‬ ‭The‬‭shape‬‭of‬‭particles‬‭significantly‬‭influences‬‭how‬‭they‬‭interact‬‭with‬‭each‬‭other‬‭and‬
‭with different substances.‬
‭6.‬ ‭During‬‭diffusion,‬‭particles‬‭move‬‭from‬‭an‬‭area‬‭of‬‭higher‬‭concentration‬‭to‬‭an‬‭area‬‭of‬
‭lower concentration.‬
‭7.‬ ‭Forces of attraction between particles are weaker in gases than in solids.‬
‭8.‬ ‭The‬ ‭diffusion‬ ‭experiment‬ ‭visually‬ ‭represents‬ ‭the‬ ‭orderly‬ ‭and‬ ‭static‬ ‭positioning‬ ‭of‬
‭particles.‬
‭9.‬ ‭Temperature‬ ‭is‬ ‭a‬ ‭measure‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭kinetic‬ ‭energy‬ ‭of‬ ‭particles;‬ ‭the‬ ‭higher‬ ‭the‬
‭temperature, the faster the particles move.‬
‭10.‬ ‭In a solid, particles are fixed in place and do not move freely around each other.‬
‭11.‬ ‭The‬ ‭behavior‬ ‭of‬ ‭particles‬ ‭in‬ ‭different‬ ‭states‬ ‭of‬ ‭matter‬ ‭(solid,‬‭liquid,‬‭gas)‬‭cannot‬‭be‬
‭explained by the particle model of matter.‬
‭12.‬ ‭Particles in a liquid are held together by forces of attraction.‬
‭13.‬ ‭Experiments‬ ‭involving‬ ‭dilution,‬ ‭diffusion,‬ ‭and‬‭the‬‭effect‬‭of‬‭temperature‬‭offer‬‭clear,‬
‭practical demonstrations of the particle model of matter.‬
‭14.‬ ‭Increasing‬ ‭temperature‬ ‭can‬ ‭cause‬ ‭particles‬ ‭to‬ ‭remain‬ ‭in‬ ‭their‬ ‭current‬ ‭state‬ ‭of‬
‭matter and not transition (e.g., solid remains solid).‬
‭15.‬ ‭The‬‭particle‬‭model‬‭of‬‭matter‬‭explains‬‭why‬‭some‬‭materials‬‭conduct‬‭heat‬‭better‬‭than‬
‭others.‬

‭2.3.‬‭Particle Movement and Characteristics‬ ‭8‬


‭Science 7‬

‭Unit 2: Understanding Particles in Matter‬

‭Answer Key with Explanation‬


‭1.‬ ‭False.‬‭The‬‭particle‬‭model‬‭of‬‭matter‬‭is‬‭based‬‭on‬‭the‬‭concept‬‭that‬‭matter‬‭is‬‭made‬‭up‬
‭of tiny, discrete particles, not continuous substances.‬
‭2.‬ ‭True.‬ ‭Particles‬ ‭are‬ ‭indeed‬ ‭too‬ ‭small‬ ‭to‬ ‭be‬ ‭seen‬ ‭with‬ ‭the‬ ‭naked‬ ‭eye,‬ ‭making‬ ‭this‬
‭rephrased statement correct.‬
‭3.‬ ‭True.‬ ‭The‬ ‭original‬ ‭statement‬ ‭was‬ ‭false;‬ ‭particles‬ ‭are‬ ‭actually‬ ‭small‬ ‭and‬‭numerous,‬
‭which explains why color persists even after dilution.‬
‭4.‬ ‭False.‬ ‭When‬ ‭the‬ ‭temperature‬ ‭increases,‬ ‭particles‬ ‭actually‬ ‭move‬ ‭faster‬ ‭and‬ ‭spread‬
‭out more, contrary to the rephrased statement.‬
‭5.‬ ‭True.‬ ‭The‬ ‭shape‬ ‭of‬ ‭particles‬ ‭does‬ ‭influence‬ ‭their‬ ‭interactions,‬ ‭making‬ ‭the‬ ‭original‬
‭statement false.‬
‭6.‬ ‭True.‬‭Particles‬‭do‬‭move‬‭from‬‭an‬‭area‬‭of‬‭higher‬‭concentration‬‭to‬‭lower‬‭concentration‬
‭during diffusion, correcting the original false statement.‬
‭7.‬ ‭True.‬‭The‬‭original‬‭statement‬‭was‬‭false‬‭as‬‭forces‬‭of‬‭attraction‬‭are‬‭indeed‬‭stronger‬‭in‬
‭solids than in gases.‬
‭8.‬ ‭False.‬ ‭The‬ ‭diffusion‬ ‭experiment‬ ‭represents‬ ‭random‬ ‭and‬ ‭constant‬ ‭motion,‬ ‭not‬
‭orderly and static positioning.‬
‭9.‬ ‭True.‬ ‭Temperature‬ ‭measures‬ ‭kinetic‬ ‭energy;‬ ‭higher‬ ‭temperatures‬ ‭result‬ ‭in‬
‭faster-moving particles, making the original statement false.‬
‭10.‬ ‭True.‬ ‭In‬ ‭solids,‬ ‭particles‬ ‭are‬ ‭closely‬ ‭packed‬ ‭and‬ ‭do‬‭not‬‭move‬‭freely,‬‭correcting‬‭the‬
‭false original statement.‬
‭11.‬ ‭False.‬‭The‬‭particle‬‭model‬‭of‬‭matter‬‭can‬‭explain‬‭the‬‭behavior‬‭of‬‭particles‬‭in‬‭different‬
‭states, making the rephrased statement incorrect.‬
‭12.‬ ‭True.‬‭This‬‭corrects‬‭the‬‭original‬‭false‬‭statement;‬‭particles‬‭in‬‭a‬‭liquid‬‭are‬‭indeed‬‭held‬
‭together by forces of attraction.‬
‭13.‬ ‭True.‬ ‭The‬ ‭original‬ ‭statement‬ ‭was‬ ‭false;‬ ‭these‬ ‭experiments‬ ‭do‬ ‭provide‬ ‭practical‬
‭demonstrations of the particle model of matter.‬
‭14.‬ ‭False.‬ ‭Increasing‬ ‭temperature‬ ‭can‬ ‭cause‬ ‭transitions‬ ‭between‬ ‭states‬ ‭of‬ ‭matter,‬
‭contrary to the rephrased statement.‬
‭15.‬ ‭True.‬ ‭The‬ ‭particle‬ ‭model‬ ‭of‬ ‭matter‬ ‭does‬ ‭explain‬ ‭thermal‬ ‭conductivity,‬ ‭making‬ ‭the‬
‭original statement false.‬

‭2.3.‬‭Particle Movement and Characteristics‬ ‭9‬


‭Science 7‬

‭Unit 2: Understanding Particles in Matter‬

‭Additional Worksheets‬

‭Recall Worksheet‬ ‭Recall Assessment‬


‭(Level 1)‬ ‭Worksheet 1‬

‭Comprehension Worksheet‬ ‭Comprehension Assessment‬


‭(Level 2)‬ ‭Worksheet 2‬

‭Application Worksheet‬ ‭Application Assessment‬


‭(Level 3)‬ ‭Worksheet 3‬

‭Synthesis‬

‭1.‬ ‭Begin‬ ‭the‬ ‭summary‬ ‭by‬ ‭revisiting‬ ‭the‬ ‭essential‬ ‭questions.‬ ‭Ask‬ ‭students‬ ‭to‬
‭share‬ ‭their‬ ‭insights‬‭on‬‭how‬‭changing‬‭the‬‭environment‬‭around‬‭particles,‬‭like‬
‭adjusting‬‭temperature‬‭or‬‭forces,‬‭helps‬‭us‬‭understand‬‭the‬‭natural‬‭world‬‭and‬
‭the‬‭technology‬‭we‬‭use‬‭every‬‭day.‬‭Summarize‬‭the‬‭key‬‭points‬‭discussed‬‭during‬
‭the‬ ‭lesson,‬ ‭emphasizing‬ ‭the‬ ‭importance‬ ‭of‬ ‭particle‬ ‭behavior‬ ‭in‬
‭understanding‬ ‭matter's‬ ‭properties.‬ ‭Conclude‬ ‭by‬ ‭drawing‬ ‭a‬‭concept‬‭map‬‭on‬
‭the‬‭board‬‭that‬‭links‬‭particle‬‭theory‬‭to‬‭real-life‬‭phenomena‬‭and‬‭technological‬
‭applications, encouraging students to contribute.‬
‭2.‬ ‭Pose‬ ‭a‬ ‭reflective‬ ‭question‬ ‭to‬ ‭the‬ ‭class:‬ ‭"How‬ ‭can‬ ‭our‬ ‭understanding‬ ‭of‬
‭particle‬ ‭behavior‬ ‭influence‬‭the‬‭choices‬‭we‬‭make‬‭in‬‭our‬‭daily‬‭lives,‬‭especially‬
‭in‬ ‭terms‬ ‭of‬ ‭environmental‬ ‭conservation‬ ‭and‬ ‭sustainability?"‬ ‭Encourage‬
‭students‬ ‭to‬ ‭think‬ ‭about‬ ‭how‬ ‭small‬ ‭changes‬ ‭at‬ ‭the‬ ‭particle‬ ‭level‬‭can‬‭lead‬‭to‬
‭significant environmental impacts.‬
‭3.‬ ‭Share‬ ‭a‬ ‭recent‬ ‭technological‬ ‭advancement‬ ‭influenced‬ ‭by‬ ‭particle‬ ‭science,‬
‭such‬ ‭as‬ ‭the‬ ‭development‬ ‭of‬ ‭more‬ ‭efficient‬ ‭solar‬ ‭panels‬ ‭or‬ ‭water‬ ‭filtration‬
‭systems.‬ ‭Ask,‬ ‭"How‬ ‭do‬ ‭you‬ ‭think‬ ‭advancements‬ ‭in‬ ‭understanding‬ ‭particle‬
‭behavior‬ ‭can‬ ‭lead‬ ‭to‬ ‭solutions‬ ‭for‬ ‭current‬ ‭environmental‬ ‭challenges?"‬ ‭This‬

‭2.3.‬‭Particle Movement and Characteristics‬ ‭10‬


‭Science 7‬

‭Unit 2: Understanding Particles in Matter‬


‭discussion‬ ‭aims‬ ‭to‬ ‭spark‬ ‭interest‬ ‭in‬ ‭the‬ ‭intersection‬ ‭of‬ ‭science,‬‭technology,‬
‭and environmental stewardship.‬

‭Assignment:‬
‭For‬ ‭homework,‬ ‭ask‬ ‭students‬ ‭to‬ ‭find‬ ‭an‬ ‭article‬ ‭or‬ ‭video‬ ‭related‬ ‭to‬ ‭the‬
‭environmental‬‭or‬‭technological‬‭application‬‭of‬‭particle‬‭science‬‭and‬‭prepare‬‭a‬
‭short‬ ‭presentation‬ ‭or‬ ‭written‬ ‭summary‬ ‭for‬ ‭the‬ ‭next‬ ‭class.‬ ‭Additionally,‬
‭remind‬ ‭them‬ ‭to‬ ‭review‬ ‭the‬ ‭topics‬ ‭of‬ ‭particle‬ ‭movement‬ ‭and‬‭characteristics‬
‭for a quiz in the next session.‬

‭Possible Answers to the Essential Questions‬


‭1.‬ ‭How‬ ‭does‬ ‭changing‬ ‭the‬ ‭environment‬ ‭around‬ ‭particles,‬ ‭like‬ ‭adjusting‬
‭temperature‬ ‭or‬ ‭forces,‬ ‭help‬ ‭us‬ ‭understand‬ ‭the‬ ‭natural‬ ‭world‬ ‭and‬ ‭the‬
‭technology we use every day?‬
‭Changing‬ ‭the‬ ‭environment‬ ‭around‬ ‭particles‬ ‭allows‬ ‭us‬ ‭to‬‭observe‬‭their‬‭behavior‬
‭under‬ ‭different‬ ‭conditions,‬ ‭providing‬ ‭insights‬ ‭into‬ ‭natural‬ ‭phenomena‬ ‭such‬ ‭as‬
‭weather‬‭patterns,‬‭boiling,‬‭freezing,‬‭and‬‭the‬‭physical‬‭properties‬‭of‬‭materials.‬‭This‬
‭understanding‬ ‭also‬ ‭drives‬ ‭technological‬ ‭innovations,‬ ‭such‬ ‭as‬ ‭the‬ ‭creation‬ ‭of‬
‭materials with specific properties or the improvement of chemical processes.‬
‭2.‬ ‭What role do particles play in the states of matter and their transitions?‬
‭Particles‬ ‭are‬ ‭the‬ ‭fundamental‬ ‭building‬ ‭blocks‬‭of‬‭matter‬‭and‬‭their‬‭arrangement,‬
‭interaction,‬ ‭and‬ ‭energy‬ ‭level‬‭determine‬‭the‬‭state‬‭of‬‭matter‬‭(solid,‬‭liquid,‬‭gas).‬‭In‬
‭solids,‬ ‭particles‬ ‭are‬ ‭closely‬ ‭packed‬ ‭in‬ ‭a‬ ‭fixed‬ ‭arrangement;‬ ‭in‬ ‭liquids,‬ ‭they‬ ‭are‬
‭close‬ ‭but‬ ‭can‬ ‭move‬ ‭past‬ ‭each‬ ‭other;‬ ‭in‬ ‭gases,‬‭particles‬‭are‬‭far‬‭apart‬‭and‬‭move‬
‭freely.‬ ‭Transitions‬ ‭between‬ ‭these‬‭states‬‭occur‬‭when‬‭energy‬‭(typically‬‭in‬‭the‬‭form‬
‭of‬ ‭heat)‬ ‭is‬ ‭added‬‭or‬‭removed,‬‭causing‬‭changes‬‭in‬‭particle‬‭movement‬‭and‬‭forces‬
‭of attraction between them.‬
‭3.‬ ‭How‬ ‭can‬ ‭understanding‬ ‭particle‬ ‭movement‬ ‭and‬ ‭interactions‬ ‭lead‬ ‭to‬
‭innovations in technology?‬
‭Knowledge‬ ‭of‬ ‭particle‬ ‭movement‬ ‭and‬ ‭interactions‬ ‭is‬ ‭crucial‬ ‭for‬ ‭developing‬ ‭new‬
‭materials‬‭and‬‭technologies.‬‭For‬‭example,‬‭understanding‬‭the‬‭electrical‬‭properties‬
‭of‬ ‭particles‬ ‭has‬ ‭led‬ ‭to‬ ‭advancements‬ ‭in‬ ‭semiconductor‬ ‭technology,‬ ‭crucial‬ ‭for‬
‭electronics.‬ ‭Similarly,‬ ‭knowledge‬ ‭of‬ ‭particle‬ ‭interactions‬ ‭has‬ ‭led‬ ‭to‬ ‭the‬
‭development‬ ‭of‬ ‭new‬ ‭drugs‬ ‭and‬ ‭medical‬ ‭treatments,‬ ‭improved‬ ‭energy‬ ‭storage‬

‭2.3.‬‭Particle Movement and Characteristics‬ ‭11‬


‭Science 7‬

‭Unit 2: Understanding Particles in Matter‬


‭systems‬ ‭like‬ ‭batteries,‬ ‭and‬ ‭innovative‬ ‭materials‬ ‭with‬ ‭specific‬ ‭properties‬ ‭(e.g.,‬
‭strength, flexibility, conductivity).‬
‭4.‬ ‭In‬ ‭what‬ ‭ways‬ ‭do‬ ‭temperature‬ ‭changes‬ ‭affect‬ ‭the‬ ‭behavior‬ ‭of‬ ‭particles‬ ‭in‬
‭different states of matter?‬
‭Temperature‬ ‭changes‬ ‭directly‬ ‭influence‬ ‭the‬ ‭energy‬ ‭of‬ ‭particles,‬ ‭affecting‬ ‭their‬
‭movement‬‭and‬‭the‬‭forces‬‭of‬‭attraction‬‭between‬‭them.‬‭As‬‭temperature‬‭increases,‬
‭particles‬ ‭gain‬ ‭energy,‬ ‭move‬ ‭faster,‬ ‭and‬ ‭can‬ ‭overcome‬ ‭the‬ ‭forces‬ ‭holding‬ ‭them‬
‭together,‬ ‭leading‬ ‭to‬ ‭a‬ ‭transition‬ ‭from‬ ‭solid‬ ‭to‬ ‭liquid‬ ‭(melting)‬ ‭or‬ ‭liquid‬ ‭to‬ ‭gas‬
‭(boiling).‬ ‭Conversely,‬ ‭as‬ ‭temperature‬ ‭decreases,‬ ‭particles‬ ‭lose‬ ‭energy,‬ ‭move‬
‭slower,‬ ‭and‬ ‭the‬ ‭forces‬ ‭of‬ ‭attraction‬ ‭become‬ ‭more‬ ‭significant,‬ ‭leading‬ ‭to‬ ‭a‬
‭transition‬ ‭from‬ ‭gas‬ ‭to‬ ‭liquid‬ ‭(condensation)‬ ‭or‬ ‭liquid‬ ‭to‬ ‭solid‬ ‭(freezing).‬ ‭This‬
‭understanding‬ ‭is‬ ‭fundamental‬ ‭in‬ ‭explaining‬ ‭natural‬ ‭phenomena‬ ‭and‬ ‭designing‬
‭various‬ ‭technological‬ ‭applications,‬ ‭from‬ ‭heating‬ ‭and‬ ‭cooling‬ ‭systems‬ ‭to‬
‭managing state changes in manufacturing processes.‬

‭References‬

‭Cruz, Ivy M. 2021. "Philippine Junior Chemistry." Quezon City: Academic Press.‬

‭Reyes, Lorenzo G. 2023. "Science in Everyday Life." Manila: K-12 Educational Publishers.‬

‭2.3.‬‭Particle Movement and Characteristics‬ ‭12‬


‭Science 7‬

‭Unit 2: Understanding Particles in Matter‬

‭Worksheet 1 Answer Key‬

‭Instructions:‬‭Read each statement carefully and decide‬‭if it is true or false. Write‬


‭A.‬ ‭your answer beside each statement.‬

‭________1.‬ ‭All matter is made up of particles that are always in motion.‬


‭________2.‬ ‭Particles in a solid are packed closely together and vibrate in place.‬
‭________3.‬ ‭In‬ ‭liquids,‬ ‭particles‬ ‭are‬ ‭more‬ ‭spread‬ ‭out‬ ‭and‬‭move‬‭more‬‭freely‬‭than‬‭in‬
‭solids.‬
‭________4.‬ ‭Gases have particles that are very far apart and move very fast.‬
‭________5.‬ ‭When heat is added to a substance, its particles tend to slow down.‬
‭________6.‬ ‭Cooling a substance causes its particles to move closer together.‬
‭________7.‬ ‭The‬ ‭Particle‬‭Model‬‭of‬‭Matter‬‭cannot‬‭explain‬‭changes‬‭in‬‭state‬‭from‬‭solid‬
‭to liquid to gas.‬
‭________8.‬ ‭Diffusion is the process where particles mix due to their motion.‬
‭________9.‬ ‭Particles‬ ‭move‬ ‭from‬ ‭areas‬ ‭of‬ ‭high‬ ‭concentration‬ ‭to‬ ‭areas‬ ‭of‬ ‭low‬
‭concentration during diffusion.‬
‭________10.‬ ‭The‬ ‭temperature‬ ‭of‬ ‭a‬ ‭substance‬ ‭is‬ ‭a‬ ‭measure‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭average‬ ‭kinetic‬
‭energy of its particles.‬

‭Answer Key:‬
‭1.‬ ‭True‬
‭2.‬ ‭True‬
‭3.‬ ‭True‬
‭4.‬ ‭True‬
‭5.‬ ‭False - When heat is added, particles move faster.‬
‭6.‬ ‭True‬
‭7.‬ ‭False - The Particle Model of Matter explains these changes.‬
‭8.‬ ‭True‬
‭9.‬ ‭True‬
‭10.‬ ‭True‬

‭2.3.‬‭Particle Movement and Characteristics‬ ‭13‬


‭Science 7‬

‭Unit 2: Understanding Particles in Matter‬

‭Worksheet 2 Answer Key‬

‭A.‬ ‭Instructions:‬‭Answer each question briefly based on the scenarios provided.‬

‭1.‬ ‭If you heat a cup of water, what happens to the motion of the water molecules?‬

‭The water molecules move faster.‬

‭2.‬ ‭Describe what happens to the particles of ice cream as it melts.‬

‭The particles gain energy, move more freely, and spread apart.‬

‭3.‬ ‭How does sugar dissolve in water at a molecular level?‬

‭Sugar particles break apart and spread out among the water molecules.‬

‭4.‬ ‭What change in particle motion occurs when water boils?‬

‭Water molecules gain enough energy to overcome attractive forces and become‬
‭gas.‬

‭5.‬ ‭Explain the process of diffusion when perfume is sprayed in a room.‬

‭Perfume particles spread from an area of high concentration to low‬


‭concentration.‬

‭6.‬ ‭How does adding salt to water affect the boiling point, from a particle perspective?‬

‭Salt ions disrupt the water molecules, increasing the energy needed to boil.‬

‭2.3.‬‭Particle Movement and Characteristics‬ ‭14‬


‭Science 7‬

‭Unit 2: Understanding Particles in Matter‬

‭7.‬ ‭Describe the particle behavior in a balloon when it is heated.‬

‭The air particles inside the balloon move faster and push outward.‬

‭8.‬ ‭What happens to the particles in a metal rod when one end is heated?‬

‭Heat energy is transferred through the rod, causing particles to move faster.‬

‭9.‬ ‭Explain how particles behave differently in solid chocolate and melted chocolate.‬

‭In solid chocolate, particles vibrate in place; in melted chocolate, they move freely.‬

‭10.‬ ‭Why does spreading salt on ice cause it to melt, based on particle interaction?‬

‭Salt disrupts the arrangement of water molecules, lowering the freezing point and‬
‭causing melting.‬

‭2.3.‬‭Particle Movement and Characteristics‬ ‭15‬


‭Science 7‬

‭Unit 2: Understanding Particles in Matter‬

‭Worksheet 3 Answer Key‬

‭A.‬ ‭Instructions:‬‭Provide detailed explanations for each‬‭scenario.‬

‭1.‬ ‭Based‬ ‭on‬ ‭particle‬ ‭theory,‬ ‭evaluate‬ ‭the‬ ‭effectiveness‬ ‭of‬‭different‬‭materials,‬‭such‬‭as‬


‭metal, plastic, and wood, in conducting heat.‬

‭In‬‭solids,‬‭particles‬‭are‬‭tightly‬‭packed‬‭in‬‭a‬‭fixed‬‭arrangement,‬‭and‬‭heat‬‭conduction‬
‭occurs‬ ‭through‬ ‭the‬ ‭vibration‬ ‭of‬ ‭these‬ ‭particles‬ ‭and‬ ‭the‬ ‭transfer‬ ‭of‬ ‭energy‬ ‭from‬
‭one‬ ‭particle‬ ‭to‬ ‭another.‬ ‭Metals‬ ‭are‬ ‭particularly‬ ‭effective‬ ‭conductors‬ ‭of‬ ‭heatl,‬
‭transferring‬ ‭energy‬ ‭efficiently‬ ‭over‬ ‭long‬ ‭distances.‬ ‭This‬ ‭is‬‭why‬‭metals‬‭feel‬‭colder‬
‭or‬ ‭hotter‬ ‭to‬ ‭the‬ ‭touch‬ ‭compared‬ ‭to‬ ‭insulators‬ ‭like‬ ‭wood‬ ‭or‬ ‭plastic;‬ ‭they‬ ‭are‬
‭transferring heat to or from your hand more efficiently.‬

‭Plastics‬‭and‬‭wood,‬‭on‬‭the‬‭other‬‭hand,‬‭are‬‭composed‬‭of‬‭molecules‬‭that‬‭are‬‭not‬‭as‬
‭free‬‭to‬‭move.‬‭These‬‭materials‬‭are‬‭considered‬‭insulators‬‭because‬‭they‬‭slow‬‭down‬
‭the transfer of heat.‬

‭2.‬ ‭Analyze‬‭the‬‭impact‬‭of‬‭temperature‬‭on‬‭water‬‭density‬‭and‬‭explain‬‭the‬‭phenomena‬‭of‬
‭ice floating on water.‬

‭Water‬ ‭is‬ ‭unique‬ ‭in‬ ‭that‬ ‭it‬ ‭reaches‬ ‭its‬ ‭maximum‬ ‭density‬ ‭at‬ ‭around‬‭4°C.‬‭As‬‭water‬
‭cools‬ ‭below‬ ‭this‬ ‭temperature‬ ‭and‬ ‭freezes,‬ ‭it‬ ‭expands.‬ ‭This‬ ‭expansion‬ ‭occurs‬
‭because‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭formation‬ ‭of‬ ‭a‬ ‭hexagonal‬ ‭crystal‬‭structure‬‭in‬‭ice,‬‭which‬‭arranges‬
‭water‬‭molecules‬‭in‬‭a‬‭fixed,‬‭open‬‭pattern.‬‭This‬‭structure‬‭occupies‬‭more‬‭space‬‭than‬
‭the‬ ‭liquid‬ ‭state,‬‭making‬‭ice‬‭less‬‭dense‬‭than‬‭liquid‬‭water.‬‭This‬‭is‬‭why‬‭ice‬‭floats‬‭on‬
‭water.‬

‭2.3.‬‭Particle Movement and Characteristics‬ ‭16‬


‭Science 7‬

‭Unit 2: Understanding Particles in Matter‬


‭3.‬ ‭What‬‭do‬‭you‬‭think‬‭is‬‭the‬‭role‬‭of‬‭particle‬‭movement‬‭in‬‭the‬‭formation‬‭of‬‭gas‬‭bubbles‬
‭in boiling water?‬

‭The‬ ‭formation‬ ‭of‬ ‭gas‬ ‭bubbles‬ ‭in‬ ‭boiling‬ ‭water‬ ‭is‬ ‭a‬ ‭direct‬ ‭result‬ ‭of‬ ‭increased‬
‭particle‬‭movement.‬‭As‬‭water‬‭is‬‭heated,‬‭the‬‭kinetic‬‭energy‬‭of‬‭its‬‭particles‬‭increases,‬
‭causing‬‭them‬‭to‬‭move‬‭more‬‭rapidly.‬‭When‬‭the‬‭water‬‭reaches‬‭its‬‭boiling‬‭point,‬‭the‬
‭vapor‬ ‭pressure‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭water‬ ‭(the‬ ‭pressure‬ ‭exerted‬ ‭by‬ ‭water‬ ‭vapor‬ ‭with‬ ‭liquid‬
‭water)‬ ‭becomes‬ ‭equal‬ ‭to‬ ‭or‬ ‭exceeds‬ ‭the‬ ‭atmospheric‬ ‭pressure.‬ ‭At‬ ‭this‬ ‭point,‬
‭bubbles‬ ‭of‬ ‭water‬ ‭vapor‬ ‭form‬ ‭within‬ ‭the‬ ‭liquid‬ ‭and‬ ‭rise‬ ‭to‬ ‭the‬ ‭surface.‬ ‭This‬
‭transition‬‭from‬‭liquid‬‭to‬‭gas‬‭is‬‭facilitated‬‭by‬‭the‬‭increased‬‭movement‬‭and‬‭energy‬
‭of the water molecules, allowing them to overcome the atmospheric pressure.‬

‭4.‬ ‭Why‬‭do‬‭you‬‭think‬‭there‬‭is‬‭an‬‭increase‬‭in‬‭pressure‬‭inside‬‭a‬‭closed‬‭container‬‭when‬‭it‬
‭is‬‭heated?‬‭Hint:‬‭Pressure‬‭is‬‭usually‬‭described‬‭as‬‭how‬‭hard‬‭the‬‭particles‬‭hit‬‭the‬‭walls‬
‭of the container.‬

‭When‬ ‭a‬ ‭closed‬ ‭container‬ ‭is‬ ‭heated,‬ ‭the‬ ‭particles‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭gas‬ ‭inside‬ ‭the‬‭container‬
‭move‬ ‭more‬ ‭rapidly‬ ‭due‬ ‭to‬ ‭the‬ ‭increase‬ ‭in‬ ‭kinetic‬ ‭energy.‬ ‭This‬ ‭increased‬
‭movement‬ ‭results‬ ‭in‬ ‭more‬ ‭frequent‬ ‭and‬ ‭forceful‬ ‭collisions‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭gas‬ ‭particles‬
‭with‬‭the‬‭walls‬‭of‬‭the‬‭container,‬‭leading‬‭to‬‭an‬‭increase‬‭in‬‭pressure.‬‭This‬‭principle‬‭is‬
‭described‬‭by‬‭the‬‭ideal‬‭gas‬‭law,‬‭where‬‭the‬‭pressure‬‭of‬‭a‬‭gas‬‭is‬‭directly‬‭proportional‬
‭to‬‭its‬‭temperature,‬‭assuming‬‭the‬‭volume‬‭of‬‭the‬‭gas‬‭and‬‭the‬‭amount‬‭of‬‭gas‬‭remain‬
‭constant.‬

‭5.‬ ‭What‬‭is‬‭the‬‭effect‬‭of‬‭temperature‬‭changes‬‭on‬‭the‬‭solubility‬‭of‬‭gases‬‭in‬‭liquids?‬‭Hint:‬
‭Think of your favorite carbonated beverage.‬

‭The‬‭solubility‬‭of‬‭gases‬‭in‬‭liquids‬‭decreases‬‭with‬‭an‬‭increase‬‭in‬‭temperature.‬‭This‬‭is‬
‭because,‬ ‭as‬ ‭the‬ ‭temperature‬ ‭rises,‬ ‭the‬ ‭kinetic‬ ‭energy‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭gas‬ ‭molecules‬
‭increases,‬ ‭giving‬ ‭them‬ ‭greater‬ ‭ability‬ ‭to‬ ‭overcome‬ ‭the‬ ‭attractive‬ ‭forces‬ ‭keeping‬
‭them‬ ‭dissolved‬ ‭in‬ ‭the‬ ‭liquid.‬ ‭This‬ ‭leads‬ ‭to‬ ‭the‬‭escape‬‭of‬‭gas‬‭molecules‬‭from‬‭the‬
‭liquid‬‭to‬‭the‬‭gas‬‭phase,‬‭a‬‭phenomenon‬‭easily‬‭observed‬‭in‬‭carbonated‬‭beverages.‬
‭When‬‭a‬‭carbonated‬‭drink‬‭is‬‭warmed,‬‭it‬‭loses‬‭its‬‭fizz‬‭(carbon‬‭dioxide)‬‭more‬‭quickly‬
‭than‬ ‭when‬ ‭it‬ ‭is‬ ‭kept‬ ‭cold,‬ ‭illustrating‬ ‭the‬ ‭decreased‬ ‭solubility‬ ‭of‬ ‭CO‬‭2‬ ‭with‬
‭increased temperature.‬

‭2.3.‬‭Particle Movement and Characteristics‬ ‭17‬


‭Science 7‬

‭Unit 2: Understanding Particles in Matter‬

‭2.3.‬‭Particle Movement and Characteristics‬ ‭18‬

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