A REPORT ON

SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEY OF PANDHI VILLAGE,

BILASPUR CHHATTISGARH
(A Village Attachment Report)
Submitted for Partial Fulfillment of Requirment for the degree the Bachelor of Science
In
Forestry

Session – 2022-23

Under the Supervision of: Submitted By:

Dr. Chowlani Manpoong Yukta Yadav

Assistant Professor, B.Sc. Forestry 8th Semester
Department of Forestry, Roll No. 19007764
Wildlife and Environmental Sciences, Enrolment No. GGV/19/6152
GGV, Bilaspur.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY, WILDLIFE AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

GURU GHASIDAS VISHWAVIDYALAYA BILASPUR (C.G.)

(A Central University Establishment Under Central University Act 2009, No. 25 of 2009)
1
 DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY, WILDLIFE AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

GURU GHASIDAS VISHWAVIDYALAYA BILASPUR (C.G.)

(A Central University Establishment Under Central University Act 2009, No. 25 of 2009)

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Ms. Yukta Yadav D/o Mr. Mahesh Yadav, bearing Enrollment No.–
GGV/19/6152 of Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Environmental Sciences has completed
this training entitled “Training report on Socio –economic Survey of Village Pandhi” under my
guidance.

I wish her all the success in his academics.

Dr. Chowlani Manpoong

Assistant Professor
Department of Forestry,
GGV, Bilaspur.

2
 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the present Village Attachment Report entitled: “SOCIO-
ECONOMIC SURVEY OF PANDHI VILLAGE, BILASPUR, CHHATTISGARH”
interpretation or part has not been submitted for any degree or diploma of any University. The
source of material and all assistance received during the course of investigation have been duly
acknowledged. All the records and data given in the report are correct to my knowledge.

Yukta Yadav
B.Sc. Forestry 8th SEMESTER
Roll. No.: 19007764
Enrollment No. GGV/19/6152

3
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Expression of giving thanks are just a part of those feeling which are too large for words,
but shall remain as memories of wonderful people with whom I have got the pleasure of working
during the completion of the survey.

University is an organization which trains a lot of technical trainees, they not only train
the students but they change the entire prospect of our life.

I am also thankful to Prof. S C Tiwari, Dean and Prof. S S Singh, Former Dean, School
of Natural Resources, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh for academic help
and motivation.

I take this opportunity to thank Prof. K.K. Chandra, Head, Department of Forestry,
Wildlife & Environmental Sciences, GGV for boosting our confidence for such field work and
academic motivation for successful completion for our project.

I am grateful to my mentor Dr. Chowlani Manpoong, Assistant Professor, Department

of Forestry, Wildlife & Environmental Sciences, GGV for his guidance and support during
project work and report writing.

I also like to thanks to coordinator Dr. Ajay Kumar Singh (Assistant Professor) and Dr.
Bhawana Dixit (Assistant Professor) Department of Forestry, Wildlife & Environmental
Sciences, GGV for their never ending support and motivation and also their helping nature
towards the students.

I would also like to thank Village head and village people for cooperating during the data
collection.

Yukta Yadav

B.Sc. Forestry 8th SEMESTER

Roll. No.: 19007764
Enrollment No. GGV/19/6152

4
 CONTENT

S.NO. Title Page No.

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 6-12

CHAPTER 2 VILLAGE PROFILE 13-16

CHAPTER 3 DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE 17-214

OF PANDHI

CHAPTER 4 FOREST AND 25-28

INDUSTRIES

CHAPTER 5 PROBLEMS 29

CHAPTER 6 SUGESSTIONS 30

CHAPTER 7 CONCLUSION 31

CHAPTER 8 REFERENCE 32

5
 CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEY:-

Socio-economic survey is an assessment between the social and economic habits of the society.
Socio-economic links the financial and social issues together. These surveys are designed to
collect information regarding available local resources, resource use and management system
and relative importance of resources for households and villages. Also, Socio-economic survey
and its analysis help to know about the problems of the area and steps and plans to solve it.
Socioeconomic status is based on income, education level, occupation, social status, perception
and various other factors.

1.2 DEFINITION:-
Social economics is a branch of economics that focuses on the relationship between social
behavior and economics ,and it examines how social norms, ethics and other social philosophies
that influence consumer behavior shape an economy, and uses history ,politics and other social
sciences to examine potential results from changes to society or the economy .Socioeconomics
refers broadly to the “use of economics in the study of society.”In general, it studies the relation
of economics to social values.

1.3 IMPORTANCE OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEY:-

Socio-economic observation helps to get the details about:-
1. Social, political and economic aspects of a territory.
2. 2.Cultures and customs of the village.
3. 3.Regarding the educational status and literacy rate.
4. 4.Demographic profile of the society.
5. 5.Provides information about health and medical conditions.

6
1.4 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT:-
Socioeconomic environment refers to a wide range of interrelated and diverse aspects and variables
relating to or involving a combination of social and economic factors. These aspects and variables
could in general be categorized into several categories including, economic, demographic, public
services, fiscal and social. The social aspects may, for instance, involve community life as well as
social and cultural attitude and values. Community services may meanwhile be concerned with
housing and requirements for public services such as water, sanitation, communications, police
and fire protection facilities, solid waste disposal as well as health and educational services.
Demographic aspects may include population growth structures, distribution and density.
Similarly, economic factors may include general characteristics, structures and changes various
economic activities and employment.

A socioeconomic assessment is a way to learn about the social, cultural, economic and political
conditions of any village including individuals, groups, communities or the entire area. The
socioeconomic study is intended to:
➢ Analyse the impacts of the prevailing study on the socioeconomic structure of the study sites.
➢ Develop a set of guidelines for judging the local conditions.

1.5 .AIM OF THE SURVEY:-

The main aim of the survey is to know and understand about the socio-economic conditions of the
village Pandhi. To identify and enlist the strengths and weakness of the village and then to find a
way to boost the strengths and overcome the weakness.
1.6. OBJECTIVES OF THE SURVEY:-
The main aim of the work, i.e. the overall purpose of the study was clear and concisely defined.
The overall study objective was to know about the socio-economic status of the Pandhi , to identify
various obstacles in growth, development process and to formulate a broad planning and
development framework. The development of area depends upon Socio-Economic setting of the
area. The basic aims and objectives of our survey were:-
.
.

7
 1. To collect information on demographics: population, age distribution, residence patterns and
ratio of men to woman.

2. To know about the population growth and their views and consciousness regarding this.
3. To collect data on the local area, it’s past and present and various problems of Socio-Economic
condition.
4. To know about the educational status of the particular village and reasons of their
backwardness if any.
5. To know about the transportation and communication facilities of the village.
6. To gathered information about energy source: collection of fuel wood, use of L.P.G. gas and
other fuel related sources.
7. To collect data on different schemes on going in the village and how much villagers get
benefited from Government scheme.
8. To know about the agriculture, livestock and livelihood of the villagers.
9. To know about the health and hygiene of the villagers and medical facilities of the area.
10. To know about the domestic production of the villagers.

1.7 METHODOLOGY ADOPTED FOR SURVEY:-

For a socioeconomic study to be organized and conducted properly, it should be systematic,
and have minimum bias, and allow for consistent comparison and reasoned judgment. For all this
to be accomplished, carefully planned, very precise and logical work methodologies are usually
developed.

1.7.1 SELECTION OF THE AREA-

Area should be selected for the particular socioeconomic survey has been chosen after the great
consideration and to meet with the objective of survey. Village Pandhi was chosen because of its
location. Pandhi village is located in Masturi tehsil of Bilaspur district in Chhattisgarh, India. It is
situated 20 km away from sub-district headquarter (tehsildar office) and 13 km away from district
headquarter Bilaspur.

8
 (Fig 1: Map of Pandhi village)

1.7.2 DEVELOPING BASELINE CONDITIONS-

This section can be considered as a preparatory work which includes data and information
collection from secondary sources such as Census data, Internet, Informative materials; including
statistics, research work, study reports that may provide data and information about conditions in
the survey site, have to be reviewed. This includes available data and information about various
socioeconomic aspects, environmental quality, physical aspects, geographical aspects and
previous as well as current development schemes of the village.

9
 1.7.3 DEVELOPING QUESTIONNAIRE-
This aspect is very important in order to end up with the right answers needed for this research
work and avoid any possible biases. The questions should be understandable to all individuals and
should be asked in appropriate order.

(fig 2: Snapshot of Questionnaire)

10
1.7.4 DATA COLLECTION-
For the collection of Data there were namely two sources;
1.Household
2.Others

1.Household:The members of the contacted families and family head specifically were the main
source for the collection of data .All the information regarding cultural system, literacy status, age
structure, health and hygiene, occupation, domestic production, income, settlement pattern,
transport etc. were shared by them.
2.Others: Some data were collected from the Panchayat members and various reference books
were other sources of consolidating information for the socioeconomic survey of area.

(Fig 3: Socio-Economic survey in Pandhi village)

1.7.5 DATA ENTRY AND VERIFICATION-

Dealing with large amount of data requires a systematic approach for data coding, tabulating and
entry. It should be noted that, before data entry, the collected data should be verified. Such
verification could be carried out for all collected data or for the random sample of the data.

11
 1.7.6 DATA ANALYSIS AND REPRESENTATION-
Data collected in form of questionnaires are then filled in Microsoft excel v 2007 for the
systematic approach for the data coding, tabulation, entry and analysis of the data and socio-
economic status of the area

1.8 VILLAGE:-
A village is a clustered human settlement or community. A village is a small settlement usually
found in a rural setting. It is generally larger than a "hamlet" but smaller than a "town" with the
population ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand(sometimes tens of thousands).Though
often located in rural areas. Some geographers specifically define a village as having between 500
and 2,500 inhabitan
In the past, villages were a usual form of community for societies that practice subsistence
agriculture, and also for some non-agricultural societies. There are basically 2 types of popular
villages and they are known for the type of neighborhood they share, those are:

1. REVENUE VILLAGE
A Revenue Village is a small administrative region in India, a village with defined borders. One
revenue village may contain many hamlets; a village paid the tax for the land and the peoples
come under BPL category are not going to pay any tax for their land.

2.FOREST VILLAGE
Village Forest is constituted under section 28 of the Indian Forest Act, 1927. The Government
may assign to any village community the rights over a land which may not be a part of a reserved
forest for use of the community. Usually, forested community lands are constituted into Village
Grazing Reserve [VGR]. Parcels of land are so notified are marked on the settlement revenue maps
of the villages.

12
 CHAPTER-2

VILLAGE PROFILE

2.1 GENERAL PROFILE OF THE VILLAGE:-

The village Pandhi is located in Masturi Tahsil of Bilapur Dirstrict in the State of Chhattisgarh in
India. It is governed bt Pandhi Gram Panchayat. It comes under Masturi Community Development
Block . The nearest town is Bilaspur, which is about 13 kilometers away from Pandhi. Pandhi pin
code is 495006 and postal head office is spinning mills Bilaspur. . The sarpanch of the village is
Mrs. Kalindri Verma.
Janji (2km), Lagra (2km) , Urtum (4km), Rank (4km), Mohara(4km) are
the nearby village to Pandhi. Pandhi is surrounded by masturi Tehsil towards South, Belha Tehsil
towards South, Akaltara Tehsil towards East, Pali Tehsil towards North .

This place is border of the Bilaspur district and Janjgir-champa

District . Janjgir-champa District Akaltara is East towards this place.

VILLAGE Pandhi
TEHSIL Masturi
DISTRICT Bilaspur
STATE Chhattisgarh
LAND AREA 693.65 hectares(1714.40 scres)

HOUSEHOLDS 717
NEAREST VILLAGE Bilaspur
MALE POPULATION 1766
FEMALE POPULATION 1803
TOTAL POPULATION 3569
Table No: 1
(General information about the village)

13
The regular facilities that a village must have were present in Lakhram. The land holding is mostly
small and scattered. Agriculture was mainly self-sustained and mostly people were engaged in
daily wage works for their income.
One government subcentre is present in the village but for severe
cases and proper treatment they have to rush Bilaspur.

2.2 VILLAGE INFRASTRUCTURE:-

Infrastructure is the basic facilities and installations that help a government or community run,
including roads, schools, buildings etc. needed for society to function effectively. Pandhi is a small
village having ample of infrastructure developments including houses, roads, water connection,
and primary/secondary schools. Some highlights are discussed below-

➢ Houses:
In the village, people live in both Kutcha house, Semi-Pucca as well as Pucca house; but the
majority of them have Kutcha house. Most of the houses have toilets built in them.

(Fig 3: view of kutcha house and pucca house)

14
 ➢ Educational Facilities:
The status of education of the village can be explained through, there is 3 primary school
two in Pandhi village and one primary school in khajri, 1 middle school and 1 Higher
Secondary school the village and which is separate and one private school is there.
Maximum number of people present in the village are educated . Most of the children go
outside for education.

(Fig 4 :View of education infrastructure in Pandhi village)

➢ Anganbadi
There are 6 anganbadi in the village. The children of age 3-4 years come here. Different types of
meals are available to children which is very nutritious. Apart from this vaccination is given to
infants as well as children. Vaccination such as BCG, DPT, Polio etc.

(Fig 5 :-Anganbadi of Pandhi village)

15
 ➢ Health & Hygine
In this village two government health centers were present, one ayurvedic and other one is
allopathic subcenter.
Health is determined by many factors including income, environmental conditions, access to
adequate sanitation, safe water supplies. According to survey there is no any serious health
problem in the village.

(Fig:- 6 view of ayurvedic and allopatic subcenter)

➢ Others
Some of the other infrastructure includes, Water tank, Handpums, Ponds and other facilities
which help in the daily life of the villagers. Some village peoples are depend on this water tank
and other peoples are using government pipeline system and many have borewells.

16
 CHAPTER-3
DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF PANDHI

➢ Demographics is the study of a population based on factors such as age, race, and sex.
Demographic data refers to socio-economic information expressed statistically, also
including employment, education, income, marriage rates, birth and death rates and more
factors. Governments, corporations, and nongovernment organizations use demographics
to learn more about a population's characteristics for many purposes, including policy
development and economic market research.

➢ Knowledge about the demographic profile of a village helps to identify and analyze the
different socio-economic aspects of the village very easily so that further developmental
strategies can be made and carried out which can lead to the development of the village
and its people. Correct Analysis is very important as all the decisions will be based on this
analysis only. Different forms of Tables, Charts (Bar Chart, Pie Chart) and other statistical
tools are used in order to get the analysis correct.
➢ All the data which is used below has been obtained from 2 major sources:-

• All India Census Report 2011 downloaded from the official website of Ministry of Home
Affairs, Government of India.
• Another set of data is collected through the Socio-Economic Survey conducted by the class of
B.Sc. Forestry 8th Semester. A sample from the survey (80+ Questionnaire Forms) were
randomly selected and then further analysis as carried out on the basis of that sample only.

17
1.POPULATION STATUS-
Pandhi village is located Masturi tehsil of Bilaspur district in Chhattisgarh, India. In Pandhi village
717 houses are there . Pandhi has a total population of 3,569 peoples, out of which male population
is 1,766 while female population is 1,803.

Population

51% 49%

MALE FEMALE

Fig :-3.1
Pie chart showing Male and Female Population Status in Pandhi village

2.SOCIAL ANATOMY-
Social Anatomy or social structure is the distinctive, stable arrangement or division of population
of society into different layers or groups generally religion or caste. In the village people majorly
belonged to 4 castes i.e. Other Backward Class (OBC), General and Schedule Caste (SC) Schedule
Tribe (ST).

Social Anatomy
9%
10%

23% 58%

OBC GENERAL SC ST

Fig:- 3.2

Pie chart showing social anatomy in Pandhi village

18
3. FINANCIAL ASSESTS – Different type of card holder in village –
1. Ration card, 2. life insurance 3. Kisan credit card, 4. National saving certificate, 5. Kisan vikas
patra, 6. Postal saving account, 7. Ayushman card.

Financial assests

33%
49%

2%
0%
7%
9%

ration card life insurance kisan credit card

national saving certificate kisan vikas patra postal saving account
ayushman card

Fig:-3.3 Pie chart showing financial assests in Pandhi village

4. LAND STATUS-
1- People having land – 43% 2- People landless- 57%

LAND STATUS

43%
57%

Having land landless

Fig 3.4 Pie chart showing land status in Pandhi village

19
5. HOUSING PATTERN-

This attribute tells us about the housing status of House Pattern

the villagers in Lakhram. Mainly there are 3 types
Semi
of houses which are found in a village i.e. pucca
house
4% kuccha
a. Kutcha House – 46% pucca 46%
50%
b. Semi-Pucca House – 4%
c. Pucca House – 50%

kuccha pucca Semi pucca house

Fig:- 3.5
Pie chart showing house pattern in Pandhi village
6. DRAINAGE STATUS-
The drainage structures linked to individual household has been divided into 3 categories-
a. Underground- 1%
b. Open with outlet- 41%
c. Open without outlet- 58%

Drainage
1%

41%

58%

underground open with outlet open without outlet

Fig:-3.6 Pie chart of drainage status of Pandhi

20
7. Water Source
Safe and readily available water is important for public health, whether it is used for drinking,
domestic use, food production or recreational purposes. Improved water supply and sanitation,
and better management of water resources, can boost economic growth and can contribute greatly
to poverty reduction
Water Source is primarily divided into 4 types-

1. Bore - 109
2. Pipe water - 181
water sources
3.Handpump - 231
21%

44%

35%

bore tap water hand pumo

Fig:- 3.7 Pie chart of water source of Pandhi village

8. Livestock-

In the village total 176 households have livestock in their home and feed them. The purpose of
have livestock is to get milk from cow or goat, making cow dung cake for fuel purpose, eggs
from hen and for meat from chicken, etc.

LIVESTOCK
11%
4%%

19%

56%
19%

Cow Goat Hen/ Chicken

Buffalo Rabbit Dog

Fig:- 3.8 Pie chart of livestock of Pandhi village

21
In the village total no. of animals are –

• Cow – 421 2.
• Goat – 140 3.
• Hen/chicken – 143 4.
• Buffalo – 27 5.
• Rabbit – 11 6.
• Dog – 03

9. RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEM/COOKING SYSTEM:-

Mainly LPG and chulha system is used as energy purpose in the village.
1. 124 peoples use LPG
2. 201 peoples uses chulha.
3. 230 villagers use both.

RENEWABLE ENERGY

38%

62%

L.P.G Chulha

Fig:- 3.9 Pie chart of renewable energy of Pandhi village

22
10. HOW MUCH PEOPLE COMMUNICATE: -
Some of the people of the village are communicative like they have mobile phones to
communicate to the people according to their need, they television in their house and some of the
villagers take newspaper. This depict that the people of pandhi village are social and curious
about what’s happening in the world .

COMMUNICATION
5%

43%

52%

NEWSPAPER Mobile T.V.

Fig:- 3.10 Pie chart of means of communication of Pandhi village

11. MEDICAL FACILITIES AND HEALTH ISSUES: -

MEDICAL AND HEALTH

FACILITIES
14%

12%
2%
72%

Jholachap Govt. and private Private Govt.

Fig:- 3.11 Pie chart of medical facilities of Pandhi village

23
Villagers cannot afford the treatment in private hospitals so they prefer the government hospital
first which available in their village. But in case of emergency then they visit the Bilaspur
government hospital or private hospital as Bilaspur is the nearest city from the village.In fig 3.11

• JHOLA CHAP – 14%

• GOVT. SND PRIVSTE- 12%
• PRIVATE – 2%
• GOVT. – 72%

24
 CHAPTER-4

FOREST AND INDUSTRIES

FOREST
A forest is an area of land dominated by trees Hundreds of definitions of forest are used
throughout the world, incorporating factors such as tree density, tree height, land use, legal
standing, and ecological function.
Forests are the predominant terrestrial ecosystem of Earth, and are found around the globe.
Forests account for 75% of the gross primary production of the Earth's biosphere, and contain
80% of the Earth's plant biomass.

• POSITIVE AND NEGETIVE ASPECTS OF FORESTRY-

POSITIVE ASPECT
1. Forests purify the air.
2. Provide food and shelter to animals
3. Forests keep the earth and humans cool.

4. Taking a walk through the forest can benefit physical health.

5. Forest provide oxygen to lungs.

6. Forest purify and provide clean water for our communities.

NEGETIVE ASPECT
1. Forest fire
2. Nature of forest and their uneconomical utilization
3. Plant Diseases , Insects and Pests
4. Nature of Forest and their Unecomical Utilisation

25
INDUSTRIES
By providing machinery, chemical , irrigation facilities, insecticieds, pesticides , and other item ,
industry growth aid in the modernization of agriculture activities.
Industrial development aide in the reduction of unemployment and poverty.
Industrial development can generate foreign exchange by expoting finish items, allowing it to
expand trade and commerce.
INDUSTRIES IN PANDHI VILLAGE-

Fig:- 4.1-(BILASPUR MINING INDUSTRY PVT LTD PANDHI, BILASPUR)

Fig:-4.2 (S.D. AGRO FOOD PRODUCTS PANDHI , BILASPUR)

26
Fig:- 4.3 (SOHAG BRICKS FACTORY PANDHI, BILASPUR)

Fig:-4.4 (MANOKAMANA AGROTECH PANDHI, BILASPUR)

Fig:-4.5 (MITTAL RICE PRODUCTS PANDHI, BILASPUR)

27
• POSITIVE AND NEGETIVE ASPECTS OF INDUSTRY-
POSITIVE ASPECT
1. Industrialization brought us the current import-export market.
2. It allows us to become more productive.
3. Industrialization makes goods and services more affordable.
4. It improves the quality of life for each person and household.

• NEGETIVE ASPECT
1. Environmental pollution
2. Living near factories doesn’t always make condition better there.
3. Loss in agriculture production.

28
 CHAPTER – 5
PROBLEMS

Problems are the matter or situation regarded as unwelcome in the development of village.

Major Problems in the Village-

1. The medical and health facility of the village is average. Villagers are not aware about the
benefits of Health Insurance and many other schemes that are being proposed by the
government for the welfare of rural area people.

2. Water shortage is a major problem present there. Almost 68% of people are dependent upon
the community taps and hand pumps, but due to decrease in underground water level, they are
of no use. Water problem is a main issue.

3. There is no sewage system in the village. Village is having poor and open drainage system.
Drains are ill maintained covered with filth, heaps of garbage and ash.

4. Basic facilities of public transport, security, bank, ATM’s etc are here but the numbers are
very less, Pandhi is a big village and according to its population and area the facilities are very
less.

5. Upon analysis, it came to our notice that there are only 2 or 3 government schemes which
benefitted the villagers. Rest of the government schemes did not reach the villagers. Hence,
more efforts are needed from the government’s side in order to make the schemes reach the
correct set of people.

6.The shortage of electricity is also a major problem there, power cuts are being faced by the
villagers on a daily basis, in summer season the power cuts become more frequent due to
excess use of electricity. Government should look up to this matter as soon as possible.

7. Because of industry air gets polluted , noise pollution water pollution are the main problem
of villagers.

29
 CHAPTER – 6
SUGGESTION

Suggestions are basically the solutions to the problems faced by the villagers in day to day life.
On implementing the following suggestions, it will act as solutions to the problems faced by
villagers. Most of the suggestions were given the villagers themselves as how they want their
problems to be solved.

1. There should be a government hospital in village. So that villager get medical facility near to
home and this will also help in regulating regular health check-ups, vaccination of villagers &
creating awareness among villagers.

2. To provide good water facilities, more ponds and water tanks should be constructed and water
pipelines should be maintained every month.

3. A well planned sewage system should be constructed in the village and open sewage line
should be closed so that no diseases are spread nor any dirt is spread which will keep the village
clean and safe from waterborne diseases.

4. Proper transport means should be provided by the government through auto or bus so that
the villagers come to city and fulfill their needs.

5. The councilors of village Pandhi should communicate with the villagers to know the problem
of the village and to spread awareness or to give information about new rules, regulation of
government and should also give full information of all government schemes that are beneficial
to villagers.

6. Animal vaccination program should be conducted in the village on monthly basis.

30
 CHEPTER-7
CONCLUSION

From the survey and analysis of the information collected from the village, it is clear that the
economic & living condition of the people of Pandhi is poor, but the attitude of the people
towards the society is appreciable. The positive and negative aspects of village are as
following-

Positive Aspects:
• Village has well-constructed CC main road connecting two big towns which is Bilaspur .
• Village has well-constructed government buildings like Panchayat bhawan, schools, conman
halls etc.
• Village has good source of children literacy by three Anganbadis and schools.
• Village has lot of sources of water, there are ponds in the village.
• Village is rich in domestic animal population and villagers are using them for commercial
purpose like milk selling etc.

Negative Aspects:
• The villagers are lacking awareness and knowledge.
• Sanitation facility is found not upto the mark in the village. Villagers are unhygienic.
• Village does not have solid waste management disposal center.
• Migration of the villagers to other places is one of the major problem in the village.
• Villagers not proper utilize government policies due to less knowledge.
• Government hospitals are not well maintained.

31
 CHAPTER- 8
REFERENCE
1. https://www.onefivenine.com/india/villages/Bilaspur/Masturi/Pandhi
2. https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/438784-pandhi-
chhattisgarh.html

32